10 ILO Magazine · PDF file2 Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009 bfrgkl esa vkbZ,yvks o"kZ 1750 ls] ;wjksi esa Jfedksa us laxfBr gksuk çkjaHk dj fn;kA bl ij ljdkjksa vkSj fu;ksäkvksa

Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 20092

bfrgkl esa vkbZ,yvks

o"kZ 1750 ls] ;wjksi esa Jfedksa us laxfBr gksuk çkjaHkdj fn;kA bl ij ljdkjksa vkSj fu;ksäkvksa us rRdkyçfrfdz;k nsuh 'kq: dhA mUgksaus Jfedksa dh buxfrfof/k;ksa dks çfrcaf/kr djus ds fy, dkuwu vkSjfu;e cukus 'kq: dj fn,A mnkgj.k ds fy, xzsVfczVsu esa] o"kZ 1799 dk d‚fEcus'ku ,sDV~l 25 o"kksaZ rdykxw jgkA buesa vU; çfrca/kksa ds lkFk] Jfedksa dslaxfBr gksus ij Hkh jksd yxkbZ xbZ FkhA

fdarq rc rd ^dEckbu* ;kuh ^lfEefyr* gksus dsvf/kdkj dks yksxksa us eglwl djuk 'kq: dj fn;k FkkAoklsZYl dh laf/k vkSj o"kZ 1919 ds ewy vkbZ,yvkslafo/kku us lHkh dkuwuh mís';ksa ds fy, laxBu dhLora=rk ds fl)kar dks ekU;rk çnku dh] tks fd vkxspydj laxBu dh LFkkiuk dh leLr fl)karksa esa ls,d cukA

fQj Hkh] 'kq#vkrh o"kksaZ esa vkbZ,yvks bl vf/kdkjdks vk/kkj nsus ds fy, vko';d ekudksa dks Lohd`rdjus esa lQy ugha gks ldkA gkykafd 1920 ds n’kdds var esa vusd iz;kl fd, x,A ;gka rd fd laxBuds vf/kdkj ¼d`f"k½ ij dsafær le>kSrs ¼la[;k 11½] ftlso"kZ 1921 esa Lohd`r fd;k x;k] dks Hkh bl çdkj rS;kjfd;k x;k Fkk] fd mlesa laxfBr gksus ds vf/kdkj dhdksbZ O;k[;k ugha FkhA ;g bl le>kSrs dh lcls cM+h=qfV FkhA

gkykr cnys] og Hkh rc] tc vkbZ,yvks us nksçeq[k le>kSrs Lohd`r fd,& le>kSrk la[;k 87 vkSj981] ftuesa laxBu us laxBu ds vf/kdkj vkSj laxfBrgksus ,oa lkewfgd lkSnsckth ds vf/kdkj dks 'kkfeyfd;k FkkA

60 o"kZ ckn] bu nksuksa le>kSrksa dks vkbZ,yvks ds183 esa ls 149 vkSj 159 lnL; ns'kksa us laiqf"V çnkudj nh gSA bUgsa jk"Vªh; lafo/kkuksa vkSj dkuwuksa esa Hkhlafgrkc) dj fn;k x;k gSA

laxBu dh Lora=rk vkSj lkewfgd lkSnsckth dkvf/kdkj] la;qä :i ls ;g lqfuf'pr djrs gSa fdfu;ksäk o Jfedksa dks ckrphr vkSj ijLij le>kSrs esa

leku :i ls viuh ckr dgus dk ekSdk feys vkSjblls feyus okyk ifj.kke leku :i vkSj U;k;ksfprgksA lkewfgd lkSnsckth ls nksuksa gh i{kksa dks fu"i{kjkstxkj laca/k cukus esa enn feyrh gS vkSj Je fooknksaij gksus okys O;; ls cpk tk ldrk gSA

o"kZ 1951 esa vkbZ,yvks us f'kdk;r çfdz;k dh'kq#vkr dh tks fu;ksäk o Jfed laxBuksa dks bl ckrdk vf/kdkj nsrh Fkh fd vxj laxBu dh Lora=rk dsvf/kdkj dk fdlh çdkj ls mYya?ku fd;k tk jgk gSrks os blds laca/k esa viuh f'kdk;r ntZ dj ldrsgSaA vxj lnL; ns'k }kjk bl le>kSrs dh laiqf"V ughadh xbZ gS rks Hkh os f'kdk;r is'k dj ldrs FksA laxBudh Lora=rk ij vkbZ,yvks dh lfefr vkSj vU;fujh{k.k çfdz;kvksa dks ;g lqfuf'pr djuk Fkk fdlaxBu dh Lora=rk] tks ewyHkwr ekuokf/kdkj gS] dksfo'o Hkj esa lEeku çkIr gksA ;gka rd fd xSj lnL;ns'kksa ds f[kykQ f'kdk;rksa dks Hkh lquk tkrk FkkA

;gka ;g crkuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd le>kSrs esa JfedksavkSj fu;ksäkvksa ds vf/kdkj 'kkfey Fks % vkbZ,yvks dsfujh{k.k fudk;ksa ds le{k çLrqr lhfer] fdarq egRoiw.kZekeyksa us fu;ksäkvksa dk cpko fd;kA

lkewfgd lkSnsckth dh çfdz;k,a ,d çeq[k rRo FkhaftUgksaus dksfj;k x.kjkT; dks o"kZ 1997 ds ,f'k;kbZfoÙkh; ladV ls fuiVus esa lg;ksx fn;k vkSj f'kdk;rçfdz;k us nf{k.k vÝhdk dks jaxHksn ckn ds nkSj esavis{kkd`r 'kkafriw.kZ ladze.k ds fy, leFkZ cuk;kAvkbZ,yvks ekudksa us lkewfgd lkSnsckth dks çksRlkfgrfd;k vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr djus esa enn dh fd vPNsJe laca/k lHkh ds fy, fgrdj gksrs gSaA

laxBu dh Lora=rk dk fl)kar] vkbZ,yvks dsewY;ksa ds dsaæ esa gS % ;g vkbZ,yvks lafo/kku ¼1919½]vkbZ,yvks ds fQykMsfYQ;k ?kks"k.kki= ¼1944½ vkSjdk;ZLFky ij ewyHkwr fl)karksa vkSj vf/kdkjksa dsvkbZ,yvks ?kks"k.ki= ¼1998½ esa çfr"Bkfir gSaAekuokf/kdkjksa ds lkoZHkkSfed ?kks"k.kki= ¼1948½ esa Hkhbu vf/kdkjksa dks mn?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA

^lfEefyr* gksus ds vf/kdkj ls laxfBr gksus ds vf/kdkj dh vksj

1 laxBu dh Lora=rk vkSj laxfBr gksus ds vf/kdkj dh lqj{kk ij dsafær le>kSrk] 1948 ¼la[;k 87½ vkSj laxfBr gksusds vf/kdkj vkSj lkewfgd lkSnsckth ij dsafær le>kSrk] 1949 ¼la[;k 98½

o"kZ 1913 esa U;w;kdZ ds ;wfu;u LDos;j ij 'kgj Hkj ds ukbZ ,d= gq,A os gM+rky ij FksA bl fp= esa mUgsa ts-ts- bVksj lacksf/kr dj jgs gSaA

© lHkh v

f/kdkj l

qjf{kr

Je dh nqfu;k if=dk dk izdk'ku tsusok esavkbZ,yvks ds tu laidZ C;wjks }kjk fd;k tkrkgSA bl if=dk dk izdk'ku pkbuht+] psd]Msfu'k] vaxzst+h] fQ+fu'k] Ýsa+p] teZu] gaxsfj;u]tkikuh] ukosZft;u] :lh] Lyksokd] LiSfu'k vkSjLohfM'k Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh gksrk gSA

lEikndes gkW¶eu v;jekdZ

ÁksMD’ku eSustjfdju esgjk & diZy~eu

ÁksMD’ku vflLVaVdksjhu yqphuh

Q+ksVks laikndeklsZy Øksts+V

dyk funsZ’ku,eMhih] vkbZ,yvks] V~;wfju

doj fMt+kbu,e~- ekWUrslkuks] vkbZ,yvks V~;wfjudoj Q+ksVks & ,e- Økst+sV

laikndh; cksMZVkel usV~Vj ¼v/;{k½] “kkjyV cks'kka] esgkW¶eu v;jekdZ] fdju esgjk&diZyeu] dks-fju ifFoZl] gSUl Q+kWu jksySaM

;g if=dk varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu dkvkfèkdkfjd nLrkost+ ugha gSA if=dk esa O;Drfopkj vko';d :i ls vkbZ,yvks ds fopkjksadh vfHkO;fDr ugha gSaA if=dk esa vfHkO;Drfof'k"V mYys[k fdlh Hkh ns'k] {ks= ;k mi{ks=vkSj muds iz'kklu ;k mudh lhekvksa ds ckjsesa vkbZ,yvks ds fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr ugha gSaA

if=dk esa daifu;ksa ;k okf.kfT;d mRiknksa ;kizfØ;kvksa dk mYys[k vkbZ,yvks }kjk mUgsaekU;rk nsuk ugha gS vkSj fdlh fuf'pr daiuh]okf.kfT;d mRikn ;k izfØ;k dk mYys[k jgtkuk muds izfr vkbZ,yvks dh vlgefr ughagSA

if=dk ds vkys[kksa ;k Nk;kfp=ksa ¼Q+ksVks,tsafl;ksa ds Nk;kfp=ksa dks NksM+dj½ dk] lzksrdk mYys[k djds Lora=rk ls iqu%mi;ksxfd;k tk ldrk gSA fyf[kr lwpuk dk LokxrgksxkA

lHkh i= O;ogkj fuEu irs ij fd;s tk,a%&

Neelam AgnihotriCommunications & Information Unit

INTERNATIONAL LABOURORGANIZATIONSubregional Office for South AsiaTheatre Court, 3rd FloorInd ia Habitat CentreLodi Road, New Delhi-110003Tel: 011-24602101-02-03email: [email protected]

eqnzd% fock izsl izkŒ fyŒ]ubZ fnYyh&110 020vkbZ,yvks V~;wfju }kjk izdkf'krvkb,l,l,u % 1020-0010

vkbZ,yvks dh if=dk

dh nqfu;kJe

Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009 3

8

10

12

lEesyu dh fjiksVZvarjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu 2009 % fo'o Hkj ds usrkvksa usvkbZ,yvks dh ôSf'od jkstxkj laf/k* dks leFkZu fn;k

ladV ds ihNs ds psgjs

ladV vkSj v‚Vkseksckby m|ksx dk Hkfo";,d csgrj dy dks feysxh j¶rkj

daLVªD'ku m|ksx esa ladV

cky Je ds fo#) fo'o fnol 2009ckfydkvksa dks ,d ekSdk nhft,

vkbZ,yvks cSBd esa rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx esa ladV ds çHkkoij gqbZ ppkZ

ladV ds le; lkekftd laokn % vrhr ls lcd

vkeq[k dFkk

vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ladV dks lekIr djuk % fo'ousrkvksa us oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k rS;kj dh

lkekU; ys[k fu;fer LraHk

vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ladV dkslekIr djuk

lekpkj• varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu• varjjk"Vªh; Je ekud• 90 o"kZ ij vkbZ,yvks % ikap egk}hiksa esa lkekftd U;k;

ds fy, dk;Zjr• cykr Je dk lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd ewY;• tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj jkstxkj• ,pvkbZoh ikWftfVo] ykbQ Hkh ikWftfVo

egk}hiksa ds bnZ&fxnZ

u, çdk'ku

fo'o O;kih Lrj ij rsth ls c<+rh csjkstxkjh] xjhchvkSj vlekurk ds eísutj vkSj twu] 2009 esa m|eksa dsyxkrkj /kjk'kk;h gksus ds ckn] varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyuus jk"Vªh; o varjjk"Vªh; uhfr;ksa dks fn'kkfunsZ'k nsus dsfy, ,d ,sfrgkfld oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k dh :ijs[kkrS;kj dh ftldk mís'; vkfFkZd cgkyh dks mRçsfjrdjuk] jkstxkj l`tu djuk vkSj Je'khy yksxksa ,oamuds ifjokjksa dks lqj{kk çnku djuk gSA

i`"B-4

4

26

37

40

Qhpj cqd

mRd`"V lekt dk fuekZ.k %fodkl esa lkekftd laj{k.k dh Hkwfedk ij iqufoZpkj

24

© ,e

Økst

sV@vkbZ,y

vks

16

18

20

22

1919 esa xfBr] varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu ¼vkbZ,yvks½ vius 175 lnL; ns’kksa dh ljdkjksa] fu;ksDrkvksa vkSj Jfedksa dks ,d eap ij ykrk gS rkfd fo’o Hkj esa thouvkSj dk;Z dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa rFkk laj{k.k esa lq/kkj ds fy, ,d leku dkjZokbZ dh tk ldsA tsusok esa fLFkr varjjk"Vªh; Je dk;kZy;] laxBu dk LFkkbZ lfpoky; gSA

'o O;kih Lrj ij rsth ls c<+rh csjkstxkjh]

xjhch vkSj vlekurk ds eísutj vkSj twu]

2009 esa m|eksa ds yxkrkj /kjk'kk;h gksus ds

ckn] varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu us jk"Vªh; o

varjjk"Vªh; uhfr;ksa dks fn'kkfunsZ'k nsus ds fy, ,d

,sfrgkfld oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k dh :ijs[kk rS;kj dh

ftldk mís'; vkfFkZd cgkyh dks mRçsfjr djuk]

jkstxkj l`tu djuk vkSj Je'khy yksxksa ,oa muds

ifjokjksa dks lqj{kk çnku djuk gSA

vkbZ,yvks ds rhu fnolh; oSf'od jkstxkj f'k[kjlEesyu ds nkSjku jk"Vªk/;{kksa o ljdkj çeq[kksa] mijk"VªifrvkSj Je eaf=;ksa] Jfed o fu;ksäk çfrfuf/k;ksa rFkk vU;usrkvksa ds O;kid leFkZu ds i'pkr oSf'od jkstxkj laf/kLohdr dh xbZA bl lEesyu us th&20 esa vkbZ,yvks dhO;kid Hkkxhnkjh dks Hkh c<+kok fn;kA bl o"kZ vçSy esa yanuesa vk;ksftr ,d cSBd esa jkstxkj vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk lslacaf/kr xfrfof/k;ksa ds eísutj] vkbZ,yvks dk vkºoku fd;kx;k fd ^vU; çklafxd laxBuksa ds lkFk feydj laxBu vcrd dh dkjZokbZ dk vkdyu djs vkSj Hkfo"; ds fy,visf{kr dk;ksaZ dh :ijs[kk rS;kj djsA*

bl lEesyu esa vkbZ,yvks ds 183 lnL; ns'kksa ds pkjgtkj çfrfuf/k;ksa us Hkkx fy;kA lEesyu ds nkSjku laxBuds egkfuns'kd gqvku lksekfo;k us dgk] ^;g vkidh]okLrfod vFkZO;oLFkk ds usrkvksa dh ftEesnkjh gS fd vkigesa bl ladV ls mckjsaA vki Jfedksa vkSj muds ifjokjksa]fu;ksäk vkSj m|eksa rFkk ljdkjksa dk çfrfuf/kRo djrs gSaAfo'o usrkvksa us gesa crk;k gS fd ifjorZu vo';aHkkoh gSftlesa O;kid voljksa] jkstxkj vkSj Je'khy yksxksa dh lqj{kkdks lfEefyr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bl ifjorZu ds fy, ;gHkh vko';d gS fd ,slk fuos'k ,oa fodkl fd;k tk, tksbl ladV ds fy, nh?kZdkyhu lek/kku dk ekxZ ç'kLr djsAgekjs orZeku ds fy, vxj ;g ,d pqukSrh gS rks Hkfo"; dkv/;kns'k HkhA*

vkfFkZd ladV dh fo'oO;kih çfrfdz;k dk nwljk igyw gS;g oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k] ;g blfy, Hkh fo'ks"k gS D;ksafd;g vkbZ,yvks ds 90 o"kZ iwjs gksus ds miy{; ij dh xbZgSA blds varxZr ljdkjksa vkSj Jfed ,oa fu;ksäk laxBuksadk vkºoku fd;k x;k gS fd os vkbZ,yvks dh mRd"V Jedk;Zlwph ds lekukarj uhfr;ksa ds ek/;e ls vkfFkZd ladVls fuiVus ds fy, lkewfgd Lrj ij dk;Z djsaA

blls igys vkbZ,yvks dh ,d fjiksVZ esa crk;k x;k Fkk

4

vkeq[k dFkk

vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ladV dkslekIr djuk % fo'o usrkvksa usoSf'od jkstxkj laf/k rS;kj dh

© vkbZ,yvks QksVks

ladV dks lekIr djuk


fo

5

>>

fd fo'o Lrj ij csjkstxkjh esa vçR;kf'kr of) gks jgh gSvkSj cM+s iSekus ij QSyh xjhch dk Lrj LFkkf;Ro ij vkx;k gSA blds i'pkr ;g jkstxkj laf/k vfLrRo esa vkbZAlEesyu ds nkSjku Jh lksekfo;k us crk;k fd vkbZ,yvks dsvuqekuksa ds vuqlkj] vxj bl o"kZ ;k vxys o"kZ rd Hkhfo'o ladV dh cgkyh gksrh gS rks Hkh jkstxkj ladV Ng lsvkB o"kksaZ rd dk;e jgsxkA mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgk fd gj o"kZJe cktkj esa lk<+s pkj djksM+ yksx nkf[ky gksrs gSa] ftuesals vf/kdrj ;qok iq#"k vkSj efgyk,a gksrh gSaA vxj ladVls iwoZ ds csjkstxkjh Lrj dks gkfly djuk gS] rks Hkh fo'ovFkZO;oLFkk dks vxys ikap o"kksaZ rd 30 djksM+ u, jkstxkjlftr djus gksaxsA

jkstxkj ladV dks yf{kr djus ds mís'; ls lEesyu esam|eksa dh Hkwfedk] jkstxkj uhfr;ksa] lkekftd lqj{kk] Jevf/kdkjksa] lkekftd laokn] fodkl leUo; vkSj {ks=h; ,oacgqLrjh; leUo; ij Hkh ppkZ dh xbZA

oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k ladV çfrfdz;k mik;ksa dks HkhçLrkfor djrh gS ftUgsa fofHkUu ns'k viuh fof'k"Vvko';drkvksa vkSj fLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj Lohdr dj ldrsgSaA ;g laf/k lHkh fLFkfr;ksa ds fy, ,d lek/kku ds QkewZysij ugha pyrhA blesa vusd fodYi gSa ftUgsa vusd çdkjdh tkap vkSj ijh{k.kksa ds ckn fodflr fd;k x;k gSA bllaf/k dks cgqi{kh; Lrjksa ij lwpuk nsus vkSj dkjZokbZ dksleFkZu nsus ds fy, Hkh rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA

laf/k esa yksxksa dks jkstxkj esa cuk, j[kus] m|eksa dks dk;ej[kus] vkfFkZd fo?kVu ds nkSjku yksxksa dh lqj{kk djus]jkstxkj ltu dks xfr nsus vkSj jkstxkj cgkyh ds mik;ksadks viukus dk vkxzg fd;k x;k gSA lkFk gh] ,slh lkekftdlaj{k.k ç.kkyh dks viukus dks dgk x;k gS ftlesa lokZf/kdlaosnu'khy yksxksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tk,] ftlesa efgykvksa ds

fgrksa dk iwjh rjg ls /;ku j[kk tk,Alaf/k esa ^foÙkh; {ks= ds fy, fo'o Lrj ij vf/kd

LFkkf;Ro çnku djus okyh fujh{k.k ç.kkyh vkSj fu;ked<kaps ds fuekZ.k dk vkºoku fd;k x;k gS ftlls okLrfodvFkZO;oLFkk vfLrRo esa vk,] nh?kZdkyhu m|eksa vkSj mRd"VJe dks çksRlkgu feys vkSj yksxksa dh cpr ,oa isa'ku dkslqjf{kr j[kk tk ldsA* ;g laf/k ^dq'ky vkSj lgh rjg lsfu;af=r O;kikj vkSj cktkjksa dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy,ijLij leUo; vkSj lqj{kkRed joS;s ls cpus dk vkºokudjrh gS] tks lHkh dks ykHkkafor dj ldsA* ;g fuEu dkcZu

© ,e

Økst

sV@vkbZ,y

vks

© ,e ØkstsV@vkbZ,yvks


6

© ,e

Økst

sV@vkbZ,y

vks

vkeq[k dFkk

^fu;ksäk bl oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k dks viuk leFkZu nsrs gSa D;ksafd ;g vkfFkZd cgkyhds fy, vko';d uhfr çfrfdz;k esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku nsxh*] lEesyu ds nkSjku dfeVhv‚Q n gksy v‚u dzkbfll fjLikal ds fu;ksäk mik/;{k MSfu;y ¶;wUl n jksftvk usdgk] ^fu;ksäk] Jfed la?kksa vkSj ljdkjksa us bl ladV dks yf{kr djus ds fy, okLrfod,oa O;kogkfjd lek/kku dh ryk'k dj yh gSA oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k ij lgefr cukusds ckn] vc vly dke fd;k tkuk gSA vkbZ,yvks] Jfed la?kksa vkSj fu;ksäkvksa] ,oaljdkjksa ds lkeus ;g pqukSrh gS fd fdl çdkj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij bl çfrc)rk dksO;kogkfjd cuk,axs ftlls vly jkstxkj] vly vk; l`ftr gks] vkfFkZd cgkyh esa;ksxnku feysA blesa fu;ksäksa dks viuh Hkwfedk vPNh rjg ls fuHkkuh gSA*

okyh] i;kZoj.k fe= vFkZO;oLFkk dh vksj LFkkukarj.k dkvkºoku Hkh djrh gS ftlls jkstxkj cgkyh dks xfr feysA

bl laf/k esa ljdkjksa ls vkxzg fd;k x;k gS fd oslajpukRed fuos'k djsa] fo'ks"k jkstxkj dk;Zdze pyk,a]lkekftd laj{k.k dks O;kid cuk,a ,oa U;wure osru dksc<+k,aA fo'ks"k :i ls fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa] ,sls mik;ksa dsek/;e ls xjhch de gksrh gS] ekax c<+rh gS vkSj vkfFkZdfLFkjrk esa ;ksxnku feyrk gSA laf/k esa nkrk ns'k vkSjcgqi{kh; laLFkkvksa ls vuqnku çnku djus ij fopkj djusdk vkxzg fd;k x;k gS] fo'ks"k :i ls laf/k dh flQkfj'kksavkSj uhfr fodYiksa ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, ekStwnk ladVlalk/kuksa ijA

Jh lksekfo;k us dgk] vkbZ,yvks dks pkfg, fd og mulHkh la?kVdksa dks lgk;rk çnku djs] tks laf/k esa fn, x,mik;ksa dks dk;kZfUor djuk pkgrs gSaA lkFk gh laxBu dkscgqi{kh; laLFkkvksa ds lkFk dk;Z djuk pkfg,A mUgksaus cyfn;k fd laf/k bl ckr dks ysdj ugha dh xbZ gS fd ljdkjsafdruk vf/kd ls vf/kd [kpZ dj ldrh gSa] cfYd og blckr ij tksj nsrh gS fd ;s ljdkjsa fdl çdkj [kpZ djsaA

Jh lksekfo;k us dgk] ^gesa bl çfrc)rk dks ewrZ :insuk gSA Hkfo"; ds çfr ge lcdh ftEesnkjh gSA ge lcdksfeydj] ,d leku vfHkyk"kkvksa dks txkuk gSA ge lcfeydj dk;Z djsaxs vkSj ,d lkFk feydj] lQyrk gkflydjsaxsA*

ladV dks lekIr djuk

© v

kbZ,y

vks QksVks

>>


7

oSf'od jkstxkj ij vkfFkZd ladV dk çHkko

lEesyu ds nkSjku dfeVh v‚Q n gksy v‚u dzkbfll fjLikal ds Jfed mik/;{k ysj‚; Vª‚VeSuus dgk] ^ge ljdkjksa vkSj ,d vke efgyk ,oa iq:”k dks –f"Vdks.k] ifjorZu vkSj okLrfodrkdk lans'k ns jgs gSaA vkt ;g laf/k flQZ ,d dkxt dk VqdM+k gSA ljdkjksa] Jfedksa vkSjfu;ksäkvksa dks bls vlfy;r esa cnyuk gSA blesa lkekftd laokn vkSj etcwr Je cktkjlaLFkkuksa ds çfr ljdkjksa dh çfrc)rk Hkh 'kkfey gSA cgkyh ds fy, ldy ekax] lkekftdlaj{k.k vkSj lkekftd laokn vkSj lkewfgd lkSnsckth esa o`f) visf{kr gSA ysfdu bldk ,d vFkZ;g Hkh gS fd tc Jfed laxfBr gksdj] vius lkewfgd fgrksa dk çfrfuf/kRo djsa] rc fu;ksäkvksadh vksj ls dksbZ gLr{ksi u fd;k tk,A vxj ge ukdke;kc gksrs gSa rks gekjk lekt ?kkVs esatk,xkA vxj ge dke;kc gksrs gSa rks eSa ;g nkos ls dg ldrk gwa fd Hkfo"; ds bfrgkldkjdgsaxs& vkbZ,yvks us mís'; dks iwjk fd;kA*

ebZ 2009 esa çdkf'kr oSf'od jkstxkj ço`fÙk;ksa ¼xsV½esa vkbZ,yvks us o"kZ 2009 ds csjkstxkjh ds vuqeku dksc<+kdj] 21 djksM+ 30 yk[k ls 23 djksM+ 90 yk[k]çLrqr fd;k gSA bl çdkj csjkstxkjh nj Hkh 6-5çfr'kr dh vis{kk 7-4 çfr'kr gks xbZ gSA

xsV ds bl viMsV esa o"kZ 2007 ls vc rd csjkstxkjyksxksa dh la[;k 3 djksM+ 90 yk[k ls 5 djksM+ 90 yk[kds chp gks xbZ gSA vlyh fu"d"kZ bl ckr ij fuHkZjdjsaxs fd ljdkjksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr foÙkh; ifjO;; fdrukdkjxj lkfcr gksrk gS vkSj foÙkh; {ks= fdl çdkjdk;Z djrs gSaA

Je'khy fu/kZuksa ds la'kksf/kr vuqeku ladsr nsrs gSafd o"kZ 2007 ls 2009 ds chp 20 djksM+ yksx nksvesfjdh M‚yj çfr fnu ls Hkh de ij thou;kiudjus okys yksxksa ds lewg esa 'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA

bl ladV us ;qokvksa dks cqjh rjg ls çHkkfor fd;kgSA o"kZ 2008&09 ds nkSjku csjkstxkj ;qokvksa dh la[;k1 djksM+ 10 yk[k ls 1 djksM+ 70 yk[k rd c<+us dkvuqeku gSA o"kZ 2008 esa vxj ;qokvksa dh csjkstxkjh njesa 12 çfr'kr c<+ksrjh gksus dk vuqeku gS rks o"kZ 2009esa blds 14 ls 15 çfr'kr c<+us dh vk'kadk gSA

xsV ds vuqlkj] o"kZ 2009 jkstxkj l`tu ds fygkt

ls lcls cqjk lky jgkA fjiksVZ esa js[kkafdr fd;k gS fdfo'o Lrj ij Je 'kfä 1-6 çfr'kr dh vkSlr nj lsc<+ jgh gS] tks fd gj o"kZ 4 djksM+ 50 yk[k u, yksxksads Je cktkj esa nkf[ky gksus ds leku gS] tcfd o"kZ2008 esa oSf'od jkstxkj o`f) esa 1-4 çfr'kr dh dehvkbZ vkSj o"kZ 2009 esa blds vkSj fxjus dh vk'kadk gS];kuh 0 ls 1 çfr'kr rdA

vkbZ,yvks fo'ks"kKksa dk vuqeku gS fd o"kZ2009&2015 dh vof/k ds nkSjku Je 'kfä esa o`f) dksvkRelkr djus ds fy, 30 djksM+ u, jkstxkj l`ftrdjus dh vko';drk gSA

jkstxkj ij ladV dk çHkko % {ks=h; ço`fÙk;ka

● bl o"kZ fodflr vFkZO;oLFkkvksa vkSj ;wjksih; la?k

esa] dqy jkstxkj esa 1-3 ls 2-7 çfr'kr dh deh

vk,xhA ;g {ks= csjkstxkjh esa 35 ls 40 çfr'kr

o`f) ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gS] blds ckotwn fd ;gka

fo'o dh dqy Je'kfä dk 16 çfr'kr clrk gSA

● o"kZ 2009 esa e/; o nf{k.k iwoZ ;wjksi ¼xSj ;wjksih;

la?k½ vkSj lhvkbZ,l esa] csjkstxkjksa dh la[;k esa

35 çfr'kr rd dh c<+ksrjh ns[kh tk ldrh gSA

;gka dqy jkstxkj esa 1 ls 2-8 çfr'kr dh deh

dk vuqeku gSA

● iwohZ ,f'k;k esa] vuqeku gS fd ladV ds çkjaHk esa

26 djksM+ 70 yk[k yksx] tksfd dqy jkstxkj

çkIr yksxksa ds ,d frgkbZ fgLls ls Hkh vf/kd dk

çfrfuf/kRo djrs gSa] nks vesfjdh M‚yj çfr fnu

ls Hkh de ij thou;kiu dj jgs FksA ;gka

csjkstxkj yksxksa ls 12 xquk vf/kd yksx ,sls

jkstxkj dj jgs gSa tks dHkh Hkh [kRe gks ldrs

gSaA

● nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar esa Hkh csjkstxkjh esa

c<+ksrjh dh vk'kadk gS] gkykafd ;gka fu;kZr

vk/kkfjr m|eksa ds Jfed lokZf/kd çHkkfor gq,

gSaA

● nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa] yxHkx ikap çfr'kr Je'kfä

csjkstxkj gS tcfd 15 xquk yksx jkstxkj rks dj

jgs gSa ysfdu muds jkstxkj dHkh Hkh [kRe gks

ldrs gSaA o"kZ 2007 ls o"kZ 2009 ds nkSjku nks

vesfjdh M‚yj çfr fnu ls de ij thou;kiu

djus okys Jfedksa dh la[;k 5 djksM+ 80 yk[k

gksus dk vuqeku gSA

● ySfVu vesfjdk esa] o"kZ 2007 ds nkSjku csjkstxkjh

nj esa 7-1 çfr'kr dh c<+ksrjh] vkSj o"kZ 2009 esa

8-4 vkSj 9-2 çfr'kr dh c<+ksrjh dh vk'kadk gSA

● e/; iwoZ esa] vkbZ,yvks us o"kZ 2007 dh rqyuk esa

o"kZ 2009 esa csjkstxkjh esa 25 çfr'kr dh c<+ksrjh

vkSj mÙkjh vÝhdk esa 13 çfr'kr dh c<+ksrjh dk

vuqeku yxk;k gSA nksuksa {ks=ksa esa laosnu'khy

jkstxkj esa Hkh o`f) dk vuqeku yxk;k x;k gSA

;gka gj rhu esa ls ,d Jfed laosnu'khy

jkstxkj] ;kuh ,sls jkstxkj esa yxk gqvk gS tks

dHkh Hkh [kRe gks ldrs gSa vkSj ;g vuqeku gj

10 esa ls pkj O;fDr rd igqap ldrk gSA

● mi lgkjk vÝhdk esa 73 çfr'kr Jfed

laosnu'khy jkstxkj dj jgs gSa vkSj bl o"kZ blds

77 çfr'kr gksus dk vuqeku gSA bl foÙkh; ladV

us <kapkxr vkSj iwath mRiknksa esa fuos'k dks

tcjnLr uqdlku igqapk;k gS tksfd bl {ks= ds

fujarj fodkl ds fy, fu.kkZ;d gSA ladV dh

çfrfdz;k esa] oSf'od O;kikj laj{k.kokn dks gksus

okyh laHkkfor gkfu dks Hkh de djds ugha

vkaduk pkfg,A

© v

kbZ,y

vks QksVks


8

lEesyu dh fjiksVZ

lkekU; ys[k

varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu 2009fo'o Hkj ds usrkvksa us vkbZ,yv ks dh ôSf'od jkstxkj laf/k* dks leFkZu fn;k

^gesa bl lPpkbZ dk lkeukdjuk gS fd] vkbZ,yvks dsvkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj gj o"kZ 4djksM+ 50 yk[k u, yksx Jecktkj esa nkf[ky gksrs gSa] vkSj;g vkus okys o"kksaZ esa csjkstxkjhvkSj lkekftd vlarks"k tSlsxaHkhj [krjs iSnk djsxkA*

Jh ysd dkftfuLdh]jk"Vªifr] iksySaM

^fQuySaM oSf'od jkstxkjlaf/k dks viuk leFkZu nsrk gSftlds ek/;e ls Jfedksa]muds ifjokjksa vkSj m|eksa dhrkRdkfyd vko';drkvksa dksyf{kr fd;k tk ldsxkA ;gegRoiw.kZ gS fd ljdkjsa vkSjlkekftd Hkkxhnkj feydj bligy dks ewrZ :i nsaA*

lqJh rkjtk gsyksusu] jk"Vªifr] fQuySaM

^varjjk"Vªh; foÙkh; ladVJe cktkj ij cgqr udkjkRedçHkko Mky ldrk Fkk] vkSjgekjs lekt dks vfLFkj djldrk FkkA gesa iwjk fo'okl gSfd vkbZ,yvks] tksfd Jeekeyksa dk fo'ks"kK gS] blladV ds udkjkRed vlj dksde djus dk ekxZ ç'kLr

djsxkA*Jh vjekaMks xq,cqtk] jk"Vªifr] ekstkachd

^,sls le; esa] tc vusd çfreku fo?kfVr gq, gSa]

vkbZ,yvks jktuSfrd] uhfrxr vkSj uSfrd lanHkZ esa

lqj{kk dk vglkl fnykrk

gSA bls vkbZ,yvks

egkfuns'kd }kjk çLrqr

oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k ds

çLrko esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

bl çLrko esa ml u, e‚My

dks fodflr djus ds fy,

egRoiw.kZ fcanq gSa ftlds

ifj.kke ds rkSj ij laifÙk dk

dsaæhdj.k de gksxk] ijLij HkkbZpkjk dk;e gksxk

vkSj ekuork ,oa fu"i{krk dk ekxZ ç'kLr gksxkA*

Jh yqbt bukflvks yqyk n flYok] jk"Vªifr]

czkthy

^ftl dzkafr dk eSa] ge

lcds fy, vkºoku dj jgk

gw a] og bl fopkj ij

vk/kkfjr gS fd fo'ks"kKrk

çkIr laLFkkvksa dks varjjk"Vªh;

fooknksa] fo'ks"k :i ls O;kikj

fooknksa esa Hkkx ysuk pkfg, &

og Hkh fgrksa dks igqaph gkfu

ds vk/kkj ijA vkb, ge lc ,d oSf'od vfHk'kklu

dk l`tu djsa ftlls tSls gh vkbZ,y,vks ds ewyHkwr

ekudksa dk mYya?ku gks] laxBu fo'o O;kikj la?k]

varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k vkSj fo'o cSad ds le{k viuh

ckr tksjnkj <ax ls j[k ldsA*

Jh fudksyl lkjdksth] jk"Vªifr] Ýkal

l o"kZ 15 ls 17 twu dks vk;ksftr oSf'odjkstxkj f'k[kj lEesyu ds nkSjku jk"Vªk/;{kksao ljdkj çeq[kksa] mijk"Vªifr vkSj Jeeaf=;ksa] Jfed o fu;ksäk çfrfuf/k;ksa rFkk

vU; usrkvksa us oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k dks O;kid

leFkZu fn;kA bl lEesyu us mu uhfr;ksa ij fopkjfoe'kZ ds fy, igyk volj çnku fd;k ftUgsaoSf'od jkstxkj ladV dks yf{kr djus ds fy,jk"Vªh; o varjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij dk;kZfUor fd;k tkukgSA


b

9

varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu 2009fo'o Hkj ds usrkvksa us vkbZ,yv ks dh ôSf'od jkstxkj laf/k* dks leFkZu fn;k

^tc vki yksxksa dks ;gdgrs lqurs gSa fd bl lkynqfu;k ds ikap djksM+ yksxksa usviuk jkstxkj xaok;k gS] rksflQZ ;g dg nsus Hkj ls dkeugha pyrk fd ;g ,dHk;kud ckr gSA ;g flQZvkadM+sckth Hkh ugha gS % ;gyksxksa ij vkbZ Hk;kud foifÙk

dh dgkuh gSA bldk eryc ;g gS fd ikap djksM+ yksxksadk thou ladV esa gSA tc ge yksx fo'kq) vFkZ'kkL=;k vkadM+ksa ij ppkZ djsa] rks gesa lcls igys bu yksxksads ckjs esa lkspuk pkfg,A*

lqJh fdzLVhuk QukZ.Mst n fdz'puj] jk"Vªifr]vtsaZVhuk

^bfrgkl us ftruh HkhpqukSfr;ka is'k dh gSa] vkbZ,yvksus fuHkhZdrk ls mu lHkh dklkeuk fd;k gSA laxBu dhbl {kerk dh gesa ljkgukdjuh pkfg,A vkbZ,yvks usmRd`"V Je dks çksRlkfgrdjrs gq, mls lkekftd çxfrds eq[; okgd ds :i esa

çLrqr fd;k vkSj vkt mls vkfFkZd tksf[ke ds :i esaugha ns[kk tkrkA bls nh?kZdkyhu fodkl dh vfuok;Z'krZ Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA*

Jh ¶;wjs blksfteuk Xukflaxcs] jk"Vªifr] Vksxks

^cqfdZuk Qklks------ vkbZ,yvksegkfuns'kd ds oSf'od jkstxkjlaf/k ds çLrko dks Lohd`rdjrk gS tks jkstxkj vkSjlkekftd laj{k.k dksvFkZO;oLFkk dks etcwr djusds mik;ksa ds dsaæ esa j[krh gSvkSj ladV ls ckgj fudyus

dk jkLrk fn[kkrh gSA vxj bl ladV dks ugha lqy>k;kx;k rks ge cgqr tYn] cgqr cM+s lkekftd ladV dklkeuk djsaxsA*

Jh VsfjfVvl tksaxks] ç/kkuea=h] cqfdZuk Qklks

^le`f) gkfly djus dh

nkSM+ esa] ge ,d nwljs dks ,d

nwljs dh çfrLi/kkZ esa ugha

ns[kuk pkgrsA bldh ctk;

ge pkgrs gSa fd ,d fjys jsl

dh rjg] ge ,d nwljs dh

enn djrs gq, xjhch]

Hkq[kejh] vYi fodkl vkSj

vfLFkjrk dks gjk,aA mu ij thr ik,aA ;g ,d ubZ

oSf'od ;kstuk vkSj ,slh lajpuk cukus dk le; gS

ftlesa fodflr vkSj fodkl'khy] lHkh ns'k 'kkfey gksa

vkSj ftlesa varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k] fo'o cSad vkSj

vkbZ,yvks 'kkfey gksaA*

Jh Ckzwl xksfYMax] ç/kkuea=h] teSdk

êq>s ;dhu gS] vki yksx

bl ckr ij lger gksaxs fd

bl ekStwnk ladV ls ckgj

fudyus ds fy,& ,sls ladV

ls cpus ds fy, Hkh& ;g

vko';d gS fd fodkl ds

fy, jkstxkj dsafær joS;k

viuk;k tk,A ;g gekjs

lafo/kku esa Hkh lfUufgr gSA blesa ;Fkksfpr osru dk

vf/kdkj Hkh gS vkSj blds rgr jkT; dks ,slh

ifjfLFkfr mRiUu djus dks dgk x;k gS ftlesa ekuo

O;fäRo dh vfHkO;fä] ekuo Je dh lgk;d gksA*

lqJh 'ks[k glhuk] ç/kkuea=h] ckaXykns'k

lHkh QksVks ij vkbZ,yvks QksVks@ohfM;ks dk lokZf/kdkj © gSA


10

ladV ds ihNs ds psgjs

lkekU; ys[k

ladV ds ihNs ds psgjse ;g fu/kkZfjr djus dk lcls cM+k lk/kugS fd fdl çdkj yksx orZeku dk vuqHkodjrs gSa vkSj Hkfo"; dh laHkkoukvksa dks

ryk'krs gSaA vkbZ,yvks us 21oha 'krkCnh ds fy,viuh mRd`"V Je dk;Zlwph cukrs le;] vke yksxksads liuksa vkSj vfHkyk"kkvksa dks vk/kkj cuk;k gS % Jedh nqfu;k ;gka vÝhdk] ,f'k;k] ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdkesa ladV ls çHkkfor gq, yksxksa ds lkeus rhu ç'uj[k jgh gS vkSj muds vuqHkoksa dks tkuuk pkgrh gSA

,l-,-] 30 o"kZ] xkjesaV QSDVªh odZj] tdkrkZ]baMksusf'k;k1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\

ftl dkj[kkus esa eSa dke djrk Fkk] og fiNyh tuojhdks fnokfy;k gks xbZA gekjs ;gka cuus okys diM+s vesfjdkvkSj ;wjksi esa fu;kZr gksrs FksA vkfFkZd ladV ds pyrs gekjsdkj[kkus dks v‚MZj feyus de gks x, vkSj ekfyd usdkj[kkus dks can dj fn;kA mlus ge 1300 Jfedksa dkseqvkotk nsus ls Hkh budkj dj fn;kA mlus gesa flQkfj'khi= nsus ls Hkh budkj dj fn;k ftldh enn ls ge nwljhukSdjh ds fy, vkosnu ns ldrs FksA2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\

fcYdqy ugha] D;ksafd gekjk dkj[kkuk 20 lky iqjkukFkkA eSa ogka ukS lkyksa ls dke dj jgk FkkA ogka dke djusokyh T;knkrj efgyk,a FkhaA muesa ls dqN us rks xkao okiltkus dk QSlyk dj fy;k] ckdh vius ifr;ksa dh vk; ijfuHkZj gks xbZaA3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;kvis{kk djrs gSa\

geus bl ekeys dks ljdkj vkSj viuh laln ds lkeusçLrqr fd;k gSA eq>s mEehn gS fd ljdkj bl leL;k dklek/kku djus esa gekjh enn djsxhA og e/;LFk dk dkedjsxh ftlls ge Jfedksa vkSj dkj[kkuk ekfyd vkil esafeysa vkSj lkewfgd rkSj ij ,d lek/kku ryk'ksaA bl le;eSa ;gh vk'kk dj ldrk gwaA

oh-,u-] 30 o"kZ] bdksu‚fed ,ukfyLVubZ fnYyh] Hkkjr1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\

eSa ,d osapj dSfiVy ¼ohlh½ daiuh esa dke djrk Fkkftldh LFkkiuk 2008 dh 'kq#vkr esa gqbZ FkhA ml le;Hkkjr esa fjvy ,LVsV dk {ks= rsth ls fodflr gks jgkFkkA gekjh daiuh dks ,d cM+h fjvy ,LVsV daiuh dkleFkZu çkIr FkkA gekjh daiuh dh QafMax blh daiuh ijfuHkZj FkhA tc Hkkjrh; cktkj /kjk'kk;h gq,] ;g fjvy,LVsV daiuh vius fuos'k y{; dks iwjk ugha dj ikbZAblds ckn gekjh daiuh fuf"Ø; gks xbZA

2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\

ugha] pwafd ge ,d ohlh esa dke djrs Fks] geus lkspk

Fkk fd gekjk Hkfo"; lqjf{kr gSA ysfdu tc gesa viuh

daifu;ksa@QElZ dks pykus ds fy, foÙk dh t:jr iM+h]

gekjs cSdlZ us ohlh QaM esa iSlk VªkalQj djus ls budkj

dj fn;k] pwafd og [kqn /kjk'kk;h gks x, FksA tuojh 2009

ls cktkj dh gkyr vkSj cqjh gks xbZ vkSj lkjk dk lkjk

dkjksckj #d x;k] D;ksafd u, ;k pyrs gq, ç‚tsDV~l esa

yxkus ds fy, iSlk gh ugha FkkA

;g cgqr gSjku djus okyh ckr Fkh fd daiuh can gks

xbZA cgqr lh ehfVaXl gqbZa& ckrphr gqbZ ysfdu lcdh lc

csdkj lkfcr gqbZaA daiuh dks NksVk djus vkSj ;gka rd fd

osru dVkSrh ds çLrkoksa dks Hkh fjvy ,LVsV daiuh us ugha

ekuk vkSj ;g r; fd;k x;k fd daiuh can dj nh tk,A

3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;k

vis{kk djrs gSa\

eSa ubZ xfBr ljdkj ls ;g mEehn djrk gwa fd og

bl lkekftd vkfFkZd lehdj.k dks ,d ckj fQj ls ns[ks

vkSj ekStwnk fu;ked <kaps dk iquxZBu djsA ,slh çfrjks/kd

ç.kkyh gksuh pkfg, tks ;g lqfuf'pr djs fd yksxksa dk

jkstxkj u fNus vkSj os lqjf{kr fLFkfr esa jgsaA vkfFkZd

ladV ds ifj.kkeLo:i csjkstxkj gq, yksx ;k rks vk/ks ls

Hkh de osru ij dke djus dks foo'k gSa ;k ftu {ks=ksa esa

mUgsa fo'ks"kKrk çkIr gSa] mu {ks=ksa dh ctk; nwljs {ks=ksa esa

dke dj jgs gSaA blls yksxksa esa vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk vk jgh

gS vkSj ekuo lalk/ku ds 'kks"k.k ds ekSds c<+ jgs gSaA

oh-,l-] 42 o"kZ] bathfu;j] fjlpZ ,aM ç‚MD'ku

baVjçkbt] fea'd] csyk:l

1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\

eSa bl daiuh esa 15 lkyksa ls dke dj jgk FkkA gekjh

daiuh O;fäxr Bsdksa ds fy, dke djrh Fkh] ;g daI;wVj

bathfu;j VsDuhd cukrh FkhA blls vkSj nwljh lg;ksxh

lsokvksa ls visf{kr ykHk feyus can gks x,A ifj.kke ds rkSj

ij gekjs osru de gks x, vkSj blds ckn çca/ku us NaVuh

'kq: dj nhA

2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\

lgh dgwa rks eSa bl fLFkfr ds fy, fcYdqy rS;kj ugha

Fkk& D;ksafd ;g lc cgqr tYnh gks x;kA eSa osru dVkSrh

ls [kq'k ugha Fkk ysfdu eSa nwljh ukSdjh Hkh ugha <wa< jgk

FkkA

3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;k

vis{kk djrs gSa\


J

11

© v

kbZ,y

vks@

fxy c

Vu

eSa [kqn dks ,d mPp Lrjh; fo'ks"kKrk çkIr deZpkjhle>rk gwa vkSj eSa nwljs fdlh {ks= esa fo'ks"kKrk gkfly ughadjuk pkgrkA eSa mEehn djrk gwa fd vkus okys le; esa esjhi"BHkwfe ls rkYyqd j[kus okys jkstxkj dsaæksa ls eq>s ukSdjhds çLrko feysaxsA fQygky eq>s jkT; dh vksj ls fn;k tkusokyk NksVk lk csjkstxkjh HkÙkk fey jgk gSA

,e-ds-] 45 o"kZ] ,dkmaVsaV] ;sjsoku] vehZfu;k1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\

eSa QuhZpj cukus okyh NksVh lh ,d daiuh esa ,dkmafVaxDydZ dk dke djrk FkkA daiuh can gks xbZ vkSj esjh ukSdjhpyh xbZA 2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\

eSaus dHkh ugha lkspk Fkk fd esjh ukSdjh tk,xhA eSa le>rkFkk fd cktkj esa QuhZpj dh ekax dHkh de ugha gksxhA 3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;kvis{kk djrs gSa\

eSa mEehn djrk gwa fd jkT; dh rjQ ls eq>s ,d ukSdjhfnykbZ tk,xhA eq>s jkT; }kjk csjkstxkjh HkÙkk Hkh feyrkjgsxkA oSls eq>s ;g mEehn ugha fd bl mez esa eq>s vPNhukSdjh feysxhA eSa 45 o"kZ dk gwaA

,u- ih-] 49 o"kZ] fJai iSdsftax daiuh esa odZjlkeqr çd.kZ çkar] FkkbZySaM1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\

eSa >haxksa] eNfy;ksa vkSj fLoM dh iSdsftax djus okyh ,ddaiuh esa fiNys 15 lkyksa ls dke dj jgk FkkA gj eghuseq>s osru ds :i esa 4500 cgkr ¼312 vesfjdh M‚yj½ feyrsFksA blls vf/kd osru eq>s dHkh ugha feykA ,d ekpZ dks eSajkst dh rjg dke ij x;kA djhc nl cts ds djhc] eq>svkSj vkB vU; deZpkfj;ksa dks dkfeZd foHkkx esa cqyk;k x;kAogka gesa dgk x;k fd gesa vkxs ls dke ij vkus dh t:jrughaA dkfeZd vf/kdkjh us blds fy, vkfFkZd ladV dh nqgkbZnhA2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\

eSa bl fLFkfr ds fy, fcYdqy rS;kj ugha FkkA eSa ,detnwj usrk gwa vkSj lksprk gwa fd esjh c[kkZLrxh dh ;ghotg FkhA dkuwuu eq>s eqvkots ds rkSj ij nl eghus dhru[okg nh tk,xhA3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;kvis{kk djrs gSa\

eSaus Je ea=ky; ds jkstxkj foHkkx esa viuk iathdj.kdjk;k gSA eSa 180 fnuksa rd vius osru dh vk/kh jkf'k dscjkcj lkekftd laj{k.k HkÙkk çkIr djus ds fy, vf/kdrgwaA esjh mez ds deZpkjh ds fy, nwljh ukSdjh <aw<uk eqf'dydke gSA eSaus ijaijkxr FkkbZ ekfy'k lh[kus ds fy, vkosnufd;k gSA ;g ikBîdze cSad‚d esVªksi‚fyVu vFk‚fjVh pykrhgS vkSj ;g fu'kqYd gSA eSa bartkj dj jgk gwa fd ogka ls eq>scqyk;k tk,xkA

,- vkj-] 33 o"kZ] daI;wVj bathfu;j] lSafV;kxks n fpyh]fpyh1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\

gkykafd eSa ,d daI;wVj bathfu;j gw~a ysfdu cgqr le;ls fofHkUu daifu;ksa ds lsYl foHkkx esa dke dj jgk gwaA blls

igys eSa ,d xkjesaV daiuh esa dke djrk Fkk tgka esjhru[okg rks de Fkh ysfdu esjh ukSdjh LFkk;h FkhA ij fiNysrhu eghus ds nkSjku daiuh us vkfFkZd eanh ds pyrs cgqrls yksxksa dks ukSdjh ls fudkyk] ftuesa eSa Hkh 'kkfey FkkA

nks g¶rksa ckn] eq>s ,d ,utsZfVd fMªad cukus okyh daiuhesa lsYl dk dke fey x;k ij ;gka esjh ukSdjh lqjf{kr ughaFkh--- bu fnuksa ukSdjh ikuk cgqr eqf'dy gks x;k gS] flQZlsYl ilZu ds fy, gh ughaA eSa ,d ls nwljh daiuh esa x;kvkSj lHkh txg eq>s crk;k x;k fd orZeku vkfFkZd fLFkfresa os fdlh çdkj ds fuos'k dk tksf[ke ugha mBkuk pkgrsA 2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\

ugha] eSa rS;kj ugha Fkk vkSj blhfy, fLFkfr;ka vkSj eqf'dygks xbZaA esjs ifjokj dks bl ubZ fLFkfr ls rkyesy cSBkus esaoä yxkA esjh iRuh us dqN NqViqV dke ryk'k fy;kA dqNle; ds fy, mlus ?kj&?kj tkdj diM+s csps ftldh ennls ge viuk dtZ mrkj ik,A viuh foÙkh; fLFkfr lq/kkjusds fy, eSaus reke rjg ds dke fd, ftudk esjh daI;wVjbathfu;fjax ls dksbZ rkYyqd ugha FkkA3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;kvis{kk djrs gSa\

eSa lksprk gwa fd jk"Vªh; vkSj LFkkuh; ljdkjksa dks fofHkUu{ks=ksa esa ;qokvksa ds jkstxkj dks leFkZu nsus ds fy, dk;Zdze'kq: djus pkfg,& eq> tSls yksxksa dks vf/kd volj çnkudjus pkfg, ftuds ikl LFkk;h ukSdfj;ka ugha gSaA

,- MCY;w-] 5ƒ o"kZ] ¶ykoj IykaVs'ku odZj] vfnlvckck] bfFk;ksfi;k1- vkius viuh ukSdjh dSls xaokbZ\

Qwyksa dk fu;kZr de gksus yxk rks esjh ukSdjh pyh xbZAeq>s crk;k x;k fd ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk ds vkfFkZd ladV dspyrs gekjh daiuh ?kkVs esa pyh xbZ gSA eSa Bsds ij dkedjrh Fkh blfy, mu pan 'kq#vkrh yksxksa esa 'kkfey Fkh]ftudh NaVuh lcls igys dh xbZA mUgsa eq>s eqvkotk Hkhugha nsuk iM+kA vc eSa ns[k jgh gwa fd fu;fer deZpkfj;ksadks Hkh ukSdfj;ksa ls fudkyk tk jgk gSA os yksx dgrs gSa fdvarjjk"Vªh; Lrj ij vkfFkZd ladV us gekjs ns'k dhvFkZO;oLFkk dks Hkh cqjh rjg çHkkfor fd;k gS] gkykafd eSabruh i<+h&fy[kh ugha fd ;g le> ldwaA2- D;k vki yksx bl fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj Fks\

eSa ikap cPpksa dh eka gwaA eSa bruk ugha dekrh Fkh fd cprdj ldwaA eSa bl fLFkfr ds fy, fcYdqy rS;kj ugha Fkh] urks foÙkh; :i ls] u gh euksoSKkfud rkSj ijA eSa lksprh gwafd esjs ifjokj dk [kpkZ dSls pysxk % eSa cPpksa ds Ldwy dhQhl dSls Hk:axh] [kkus&ihus] fctyh] vkus&tkus dk [kpkZdSls mBkÅaxhA3- vki bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj@lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa ls D;kvis{kk djrs gSa\

ljdkj flQZ fu;fer deZpkfj;ksa dh fpark djrh gSA eSalksprh gwa fd mls Bsds ij dke djus okyksa ds ckjs esa Hkhlkspuk pkfg,A eq> tSls yksxksa dks dksbZ lkekftd lqj{kk çkIrugha gSA eSa VSDl Hkjrh gwa blfy, esjs lkFk csgrj O;ogkjfd;k tkuk pkfg, ---A


12

ladV vkSj v‚Vkseksckby m|ksx dk Hkfo";

lkekU; ys[k


j lky igys vkbZ,yvks dh f=i{kh; cSBdksaesa Hkkx ysus okys v‚Vks fuekZrk daifu;ksa dsçfrfuf/k D;k dHkh dYiuk dj ldrs Fksfd mUgsa ,sls foÙkh; ladV ls :c: gksuk

iM+sxkA oSf'od vkfFkZd ladV us v‚VkseksckbYl dhekax ij tcjnLr vlj MkykA ,aMª;w fcch us fiNysdqN eghuksa dk tk;tk fy;kA bl nkSjku og v‚VkslsDVj ds dqN lEekfur ukeksa ls ifjfpr gq, ftUgksausekStwnk ladV dk cgqr cqf)eÙkk ls lkeuk fd;kAblds vfrfjä ,aMª;w bl {ks= esa ljdkjh gLr{ksi dhHkh iM+rky dj jgs gSaA

fdarq o"kZ 2005 dh vkbZ,yvks cSBd ds fu"d"kZ vkSj;g vkºoku fd v‚VkseksfVo m|ksx esa ^lkekftd laokndks m|ksx dh LFkk;h fo'ks"krk gksuk pkfg,*] vc çklafxdyx jgs gSa] ;g ns[krs gq, fd lkekftd Hkkxhnkj ghekStwnk ladV dks lqy>kus esa çeq[k Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSaA

vesfjdk esa ;g fo'ks"k :i ls fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS tgkav‚Vks odZlZ ;wfu;u ;w,MCY;w ds fu;a=.k okys U;klksa dsikl tujy eksVlZ vkSj fdzlyj] nksuksa iquxZfBr daifu;ksadk lg LokfeRo vkus okyk gSA ;wjksi esa Hkh ;wjksih;esVyodZlZ QsMjs'ku] ;wjksfi;u ,lksfl,'ku v‚Qv‚VkseksfVo lIyk;lZ ds lkFk feydj bl m|ksx esa gksusokys ifjorZuksa ds iwokZHkkl ds fy, ;wjksih; lgHkkfxrk

fodflr dj jgk gSA ;g igy m|ksx dks dk;e j[kusvkSj xq.koÙkkijd jkstxkj dks cjdjkj j[kus ds fy, dhtk jgh gSA

bl o"kZ ebZ esa vkbZ,yvks us mPp Lrjh; fo'ks"kKksa dslkFk feydj] bl ladV ls fuiVus ds fy, fo'ks"k cSBddhA tSlk fd vkbZ,yvks egkfuns'kd gqvku lksekfo;kdgrs gSa] bl {ks= ds fy, lcls cM+h pqukSrh gS] nh?kZdkyds fy, j.kuhfr;ka cukuk] fdarq lcls igys vYikof/k dslek/kku ryk'ks tkus pkfg,A

mudh bl pqukSrh ij vusd Hkkxhnkjksa us ppkZ dhAmnkgj.k ds fy, m|ksx dh çeq[k dalfYVax QeZv‚Vksiksfyl ds M‚- t‚u o‚jekYM us bl ckr ij cyfn;k fd m|ksx ds fy, ,d u, dkjksckjh e‚My dht:jr gSA tSls mRikn dk vf/kd fVdkÅ gksuk] ftllsubZ dkj dh dher esa 30 çfr'kr rd dh deh vk,xhAnwljh vksj u‚FkZ bZLVuZ ;wfuoflZVh ¼;w,l½ esa i‚fyfVdybdksu‚eh ds çksQslj cSjh CY;wLVksu us bl çLrko dks {ks=esa lkekftd laca/kksa ds iquvkZdyu dh vko';drk lstksM+kA mUgksaus dgk % ^v‚VkseksfVo m|ksx D;k cukrk gSvkSj dSls cukrk gS] bl fo"k; ij lkspus ds lkFk&lkFkfu;ksäk vkSj Jfed la?kksa ds lkekftd laca/kksa ij Hkh ,dckj fQj ls lkspus dh t:jr gSA*

lkekftd Hkkxhnkjh ds ek/;e ls eksVj m|ksx dkiquxZBu

,evkbZVh baLVhVîwV Q‚j odZ ,aM baIy‚;esaV fjlpZ¼;w,l½ ds Fk‚el ,- dkspu us lgefr trkbZ % ^gesafoÙkh; jkgr ls vf/kd dh vko';drk gSA gekjs lkeus;g pqukSrh gS fd ge v‚Vks m|ksx ds fy, u;k lkekftdvuqca/k fodflr djsa] dk;ZLFkyksa dh fLFkfr;ksa dks le>savkSj Jfedksa&fu;ksäkvksa vkSj lHkh Hkkxhnkjksa dks layXudjsaA* mUgksaus cSBd ds nkSjku ;g ckr dghA

v‚Vks m|ksx dh dgkuh 20 oha 'krkCnh ds vkS|ksfxdmRiknu dh O;kid dgkuh dk eq[; rRo dgk tk ldrkgS] pwafd ,lsacyh ykbu ofdaZx dk fodkl] VsyfjLVfl)kar dks O;ogkj esa ys vk;k Fkk tksfd dk;Z dks VqdM+ksaesa djus ij fuHkZj djrk FkkA ;g og m|ksx Fkk ftlusvkS|ksfxd gM+rky Hkh ns[kh Fkh vkSj lkekftd lgHkkfxrkHkhA mnkgj.k ds fy, th,e ds ekeys esa] o"kZ 1937 esadaiuh us Jfedksa dh rjQ ls lkSnsckth ds fy, ;w,MCY;wdh Hkwfedk dks Lohdkj fd;k vkSj f¶yaV] fef'kxu esadaiuh ds v‚Vks IykaV dh gM+rky [kRe gqbZ vkSj blls

© QksVks&fyczs- ,Qvkj

,d csgrj dy dks feysxh j¶rkj


pk

13


vuqla/kku ij xksyest lEesyu ds nkSjku çeq[k eqísmBk, x, %● çcy dkjksckjh e‚My dks fuxeksa dh O;kid

foÙkh; ç.kkyh ls tksM+k x;kA blds ckn dqNç'kkld ykHkijdrk vkSj va'k/kkjh ewY;ksa ij/;ku nsus yxs] rks dqN vuqla/kku vkSj fodklij e/;e ntsZ ds fuos'k dks gkfudkjd le>usyxsA urhtru] v‚Vks m|ksx vc rd tyok;qifjorZu vkSj rsy ij fuHkZjrk dh pqukSfr;ksa ijiwjh rjg ls çfrfdz;k ugha ns ikbZ gSA

● v‚Vks fuekZrkvksa ds chp rhoz çfrLi/kkZ vkSjdher dks ysdj pyus okyh çfr}af}rk usykxr esa dVkSrh dh j.kuhfr dks jkLrk fn[kk;kgS ftlls Jfedksa vkSj dEiksusaV ç‚MîwllZ lsmuds laca/kksa ij vlj iM+k gSA Jfedksa ds fy,blds ;g ek;us gSa fd os fuEu Lrj okys Jedjus dks ck/; gks jgs gSa] tSls mUgsa Bsds ijdke djuk iM+ jgk gSA dEiksusaV ç‚MîwllZ ij[kpZ de djus dk ncko c<+ jgk gS ftllstksf[ke c<+us dh vk'kadk gSA

● ftu ekeyksa esa] vYikof/k ds ykHk vkSj

ykxr&gLrkarj.k ds dkjksckjh e‚My dh txg

Bksl foÙkh;] rduhdh vkSj Je çLrkoksa us ys

yh gS] daifu;ksa vkSj Jfedksa dh laosnu'khyrk

c<+ jgh gS vkSj çeq[k drkZvksa ds chp la?k"kZ

'kq: gks x;k gS] tks bldh foijhr fLFkfr esa

ladV dk lkeuk feydj djrs FksA

● fofHkUu ns'kksa] daifu;ksa vkSj deZpkfj;ksa ij bl

vkfFkZd ladV dk ,d leku çHkko ugha iM+k

gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, vesfjdk ds v‚VkseksfVo

m|ksx dk ftl rjg iquxZBu gqvk vkSj ml

ij vlj iM+k] ;wjksi vkSj tkiku ds cktkj ij

ogh vlj ns[kus dks ugha feykA bl chp]

mHkjrh gqbZ vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds ?kjsyw cktkjksa]

tSls phu] Hkkjr vkSj czkthy esa ,d vyx gh

ço`fÙk ns[kus dks feyhA ;gka vusd fVdkÅ

mRiknksa] tSls okguksa ds ?kjsyw miHkksx esa c<+r

ns[kh xbZA fo'o Lrj ij foy; vkSj vf/kxzg.k

gks jgs gSa vkSj Hkkjr ,oa phu tSls ns'kksa esa ubZ

?kjsyw daifu;ksa esa o`f) gks jgh gS vkSj os fo'o

Lrj dh f[kykM+h cu jgh gSaA

vkbZ,yvks xksyest ds nkSjku mBk, x, eq[; eqís

;q) ds ckn vkfFkZd o lkekftd lQyrk dk ekxZç'kLr gqvkA o"kZ 1950 esa th,e us u dsoy ns'k dsldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa rhu çfr'kr dk ;ksxnku fn;kcfYd ns'k esa ,d vkn'kZ e‚My çLrqr fd;k tgkadeZpkfj;ksa dks vPNk osru vkSj lkekftd ykHk feyrsFksA

vkt v‚Vks m|ksx fo'o Hkj esa jkstxkj dk eq[; lzksrgSA vkbZ,yvks ds gky ds ,d chfÝax isij esa lq>ko fn;kx;k gS fd o"kZ 2004 esa fo'o Lrj ij 84 yk[k yksxv‚VkseksfVo ç‚MD'ku ¼eSU;wQSDpfjax vkSj d‚EiksusaV QElZlfgr½esa dk;Z dj jgs Fks % ;wjksi esa yxHkx 20 yk[k]phu esa 16 yk[k ls vf/kd] mÙkjh vesfjdk esa 11 yk[k]

:lh la?k vkSj tkiku esa 750]000 yksxA buds vykoknwljs ns'kksa esa Hkh cgqr ls yksx bl {ks= esa dk;Zjr FksAvkbZ,yvks dh fjiksVZ esa o"kZ 2007 rd bl Je'kfä ds,d djksM+ gks tkus dh laHkkouk trkbZ xbZ FkhA

;gh vkadM+s] v‚Vks m|ksx dh ekStwnk leL;k dksle>us ds fy, dkQh gS vkSj ;gh fpark dk dkj.k HkhgSA ysfdu eksVj okgu dk fuekZ.k vçR;{k :i ls LVhym|ksx lfgr vU; {ks=ksa esa Hkh jkstxkj l`tu djrk gSAvesfjdk ds Lora= fFkadVSad bdksu‚fed i‚fylhbaLVhVîwV dh fiNys lky dh ,d fjiksVZ esa dgk x;kFkk fd vesfjdk esa 33 yk[k ukSdfj;ka] ns'k ds dkjfuekZrkvksa ds lqugjs Hkfo"; ij fuHkZj djrh gSaA

© ,e

Økst

sV@vkbZ,y

vks

>>

,d csgrj dy dks feysxh j¶rkj


14


lkekU; ys[k

;k] gky gh dh ?kVukvksa dks ns[krs gq,] mudsva/kdkje; Hkfo"; ijA tSlk fd lHkh dks ekywe gS] vkfFkZdladV ds ckn ls v‚VkseksckbYl dh ekax esa tcjnLrfxjkoV vkbZ gSA gky dh ,d fjiksVZ dgrh gS fd o"kZ 2007esa lkr djksM+ ds eqdkcys ;g ekax o"kZ 2009 esa ikap djksM+60 yk[k jg xbZ gSA vkbZ,yvks ds ,d v/;;u esa crk;kx;k gS fd fnlacj 2008 ds vkadM+ksa dh rqyuk vxj fnlacj2007 ds vkadM+ksa ls dh tk, rks Lisu esa fcdzh esa 50çfr'kr] vesfjdk esa 35 çfr'kr vkSj tkiku esa 22 çfr'krfxjkoV vkbZ gSA tuojh 2008 ds eqdkcys 2009 ds çkjaHkesa mRiknu esa Hkh 25 çfr'kr dh deh vkbZ gSA vkbZ,yvksdh ,d {ks=h; fjiksVZ esa bafxr fd;k x;k gS fd bldk vFkZ

gS] ukSdfj;ksa esa tcjnLr dVkSrhA fjiksVZ esa lq>ko fn;kx;k gS] ^vxj daifu;ka mRiknu ds vuqikr esa ukSdfj;ksa esadVkSrh djus yxsa] rks vkus okys lkyksa esa ukSdfj;ksa esa 10yk[k rd dh dVkSrh gks ldrh gSA*

,slk ugha gS fd flQZ ekStwnk Jfedksa dh ukSdfj;kaçHkkfor gks jgh gSaA ;w,MCY;w ;wfu;u mu lsokfuo`ÙkdeZpkfj;ksa dh rjQ /;ku vkdf"kZr djrh gS] tks viuhisa'ku vkSj LokLF; ns[kHkky ykHk ds fy, vius iwoZfu;ksäkvksa ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA

laHko gS fd cnrj fLFkfr xqtj pqdh gksA fofHkUu ns'kksadh ljdkjksa us m|ksxksa dh enn dh rjQ gkFk c<+k, gSaAfQj Hkh fo'o Lrj ij v‚Vks m|ksx detksj gks x;k gS vkSjbl fo'o eanh ds ckn tks Hkh fLFkfr mHkjdj vk,xh] og2008 ds çkjafHkd nkSj ls dkQh dqN vyx gksxhA th,evkSj fdzlyj ds lanHkZ esa rks ;g ckr lksyg vkus lp gSApkSIVj 11 yhxy ,MfefuLVªs'ku ds tfj, vius_.knkrkvksa ls laj{k.k dh ekax djrs gq, nksuksa daifu;kabl o"kZ Lo;a dks fnokfy;k ?kksf"kr djus ds fy, ck/; gqbZgSaA v‚Vks m|ksx dh bu nks cM+h daifu;ksa dh iqulaZjpukgks jgh gS ftlls ;s nksuksa fnokfy;k gksus dh fLFkfr ls mcjldsaA blds fy, ;g t:jh gS fd ljdkj mPp Lrj ijgLr{ksi djs vkSj Jfed ,oa Jfed la?k lfdz; lg;ksxçnku djsaA

mnkgj.k ds fy,] th,e ds ekeys dks fy;k tk ldrkgSA ûbZ* th,e dh LFkkiuk ds fy, ,slh mEehn dh tkjgh gS fd vesfjdk vkSj dukMk dh ljdkjsa bl ubZ daiuhds T;knkrj 'ks;j vf/kxzfgr dj ysaA th,e ds ekStwnk ckaM

© Vh diZy

esu

© ,e

Økst

s@vkbZ,y

vks

>>


15

/kkjdksa dks] tSlk fd çLrkfor gS] 10 çfr'kr 'ks;j vkoafVrdj fn, tk,aA 17-5 çfr'kr 'ks;j Jfed la?k ds fu;a=.kokys U;kl dks lkSais tk,axs tks fd lsokfuo`Ùk deZpkfj;ksadks fpfdRlk ykHk çnku djsxhA ûbZ* th,e dks dbZnkf;Roksa ls eqä j[kk tk,xk tks iqjkuh daiuh dhcSysal'khV dks çHkkfor djrh Fkha] O;olk; ds vokafNrfgLlksa dks] tks fd ç'kklu dk fgLlk cus gq, Fks] mUgsa tgkard gks ldsxk] gVk fn;k tk,xkA

vxj lc dqN Bhd&Bkd pyrk jgk rks th,e dks ,dckj fQj O;kolkf;d lQyrk fey tk,xhA daiuh dsiqjkus eSU;wQSDpfjax lsaVlZ esa v‚Vks mRiknu cjdjkj jgsxkvkSj de ls de dqN ukSdfj;ka cp tk,axh] ftu ij vcrd tksf[ke eaMjk jgk FkkA ;g le>kSrk] tks fdvo';aHkkoh Fkk] ,d le>kSrk gh gS] vkSj lHkh yksx bllslarq"V ugha gSaA th,e ds iwoZ 'ks;j/kkjdksa dks yx jgk gSfd mudk fuos'k csdkj jgk vkSj dqN ckaM /kkjdksa dkdguk gS fd bl le>kSrs esa mUgsa vius 'ks;jksa dh lghdher ugha feyh ¼gkykafd ckaM /kkjdksa dks okjaV 'ks;j tkjhdjds] dqN 'ks;j ckn esa fn, tk,axs½A ;w,MCY;w Jfedksa dhdqckZuh dh vksj b'kkjk djrh gS ftlesa daiuh ds lkFk2007 esa dh xbZ lkewfgd lkSnsckth esa la'kks/ku vkSjdeZpkfj;ksa dks feyus okyk ykHk 'kkfey gSA ;w,MCY;w dsysftlysfVo Mk;jsDVj ,ysu j‚Fkj ds vuqlkj] lsokfuo`ÙkdeZpkjh Hkh çHkkfor gq, gSaA bl o"kZ mUgksaus vesfjdhlhusVjksa vkSj dkaxzsleSu dks crk;k Fkk % ^lsokfuo`ÙkdeZpkfj;ksa ds LokLF; ns[kHkky ykHkksa esa Hkh Hkkjh] rRdkydVkSrh dh tk jgh gSA*

dukMk esa Hkh ;gh rjhdk viuk;k x;k gSA ;gka dukMkdh v‚Vks odZlZ ;wfu;u lh,MCY;w us daiuh ds lkFk ,dlkewfgd le>kSrs ds rgr varfje O;oLFkk dh gSA ;gç;kl daiuh ds iquxZBu dk ,d vax dgk tk ldrk gSAosru] LokLF; ykHk] dk;Z ds rjhds vkSj mRikndrk esalq/kkj ds laca/k esa cpr ds dqN mik;ksa ij Hkh lgefrcuh gS] gkykafd lh,MCY;w v/;{k dsu ysosatk dk dguk gSfd bl le>kSrs ds rgr dukMk esa vusd ykHkksa dkscjdjkj j[kk tk,xk vkSj isa'ku/kkfj;ksa ds fgrksa dh Hkh j{kkdh tk,xhA

oSls ;g Li"V gS fd 21 oha 'krkCnh esa] yksx fiNysn'kd ds eqdkcys vyx fdLe dh dkjsa lM+dksa ijnkSM+k,axsA vesfjdh jk"Vªifr cjkd vksckek us v‚Vks m|ksxesa ljdkjh gLr{ksi dks bZa/ku dh [kir de djus dhj.kuhfr ls Hkh tksM+k gSA bl lky Qjojh esa m|ksx ds ,dla?k ifjla?k] baVjus'kuy esVyodZlZ QsMjs'ku dh dk;Zdkjhlfefr us Hkh vius ,d c;ku esa LoPN okgu vkSj LoPNbZa/ku dks fodflr djus dh t:jr ij cy fn;k FkkA

ladV dks lqugjs volj esa cnyuk

vkbZ,yvks ds chfÝax isij esa dgk x;k gS] ^vkfFkZdladV us m|ksx dks ekSdk fn;k gS fd og fuEu dkcZu dhvksj dne c<+k, vkSj gfjr jkstxkj iSnk djsA ljdkjksa

}kjk Lohd`r vusd mik;ksa esa i;kZoj.k fe= okguksa esa fuos'kdk leFkZu fd;k x;k gSA ,sls okguksa ds mRiknu ds fy,vf/kd vuqla/kku vkSj fodkl esa vf/kd fuos'k vkSj mPpdq'kyrk çkIr deZpkfj;ksa dh vis{kk gSA blfy, dq'kyrkçf'k{k.k ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k tkuk pkfg,A*

;g Li"V gS fd cnyko vkuk 'kq: gks x;k gS % fuEu

dkcZu mRltZu djus okyh ^gfjr* dkjksa dh vksj fo'o us

dne c<+k, gSaA bl o"kZ vçSy esa gksaMk dh ubZ gkbfczM

bulkbV dkj ¼tks isVªksy vkSj bysfDVªd ikoj] nksuksa ij

pyrh gS½ tkikuh ?kjsyw cktkj esa vius vU; ijaijkxr

çfr}af};ksa ds eqdkcys lcls T;knk fcdhA

nwljs 'kCnksa esa] v‚Vks m|ksx ,d lQj ij gSA vrhr ds

mPp dkcZu mRltZu okys okguksa dks og ihNs NksM+ pqdk

gSA ysfdu gky ds eghuksa dks ns[krs gq, vkSj fo'ks"k :i

ls iquxZBu çfØ;k esa ftl çdkj Jfed la?kksa us viuh

Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gS] D;k vU; çdkj ds ifjorZu dh Hkh

mEehn dh tk,\ 28 ebZ dks Qkbukaf'k;y VkbEl esa

çdkf'kr fjiksVZ esa teZuh esa Jfed la?kksa ds chp] daiuh ds

LokfeRo esa fgLls dks ysdj gqbZ ckrphr dk ftdz fd;k

x;kA MSeyj }kjk deZpkfj;ksa dh ykHk cksul Ldhe dks

dSfiVy LVsd esa cnyus dh igy dks ysdj] fjiksVZ esa dgk

x;k gS] ^dkj lsDVj gh og jkLrk fn[kk jgk gS] ftldh

detksj fLFkfr us çca/ku vkSj Jfedksa dks u, fopkjksa dks

vaxhdkj djus ds fy, ck/; fd;k gSA*

tSls fd fo'o vkfFkZd ç.kkyh dh iqulaZjpuk djus ij

fopkj dj jgk gS] ftlls rRdky ykHk ds fy, vYikof/k

ds fuos'k ij fn, tkus okys ncko ds ?kkrd çHkkoksa dks

de fd;k tk ldsA Qkbukaf'k;y VkbEl ds ys[k esa MSeyj

ds oDlZ dkmafly ds çeq[k bfjd Dyse dh fVIi.kh dk

gokyk fn;k x;k gS % ^ge os vdsys 'ks;j /kkjd gSa ftls

daiuh esa nh?kkZof/k dh #fp gS] mu yksxksa dh vis{kk tks

rRdky ykHk gkfly djuk pkgrs gSaA*

© www.morguefile.com


16

daLVªD'ku m|ksx esa ladV

lkekU; ys[k

daLVªD'ku m|ksxesa ladV

fFkZd ladV us daLVªD'ku m|ksx dks cqjh rjg

ls çHkkfor fd;k gSA vkbZ,yvks dk vuqeku

gS fd o"kZ 2008 ds ckn ls vc rd bl {ks=

ds 50 yk[k Jfedksa us viuk jkstxkj [kks;k

gSA

o"kZ 2007&08 esa vesfjdk ds gkmflax lsDVj esa mBh

leL;kvksa us vkfFkZd ladV dh 'kq#vkr dh vkSj ns'k esa

daLVªD'ku m|ksx esa jkstxkj ij cgqr cqjk vlj ns[kus dks

feykA flracj 2006 ls 2008 dh vkf[kjh frekgh ds chp]

780]000 ukSdfj;ka [kRe gks xbZaA vkbZ,yvks }kjk ,d=

fd, x, vkadM+s Hkh fpark dk dkj.k cusA mnkgj.k ds

fy, Lisu esa] ç‚iVhZ cktkj 2007 ds e/; esa /kjk'kk;h gksuk

'kq: gks x;k vkSj fiNys lky ikap yk[k ukSdfj;ka [kRe

gks xbZaA o"kZ 2008 esa fczVsu esa ,d yk[k ukSdfj;ka dk

uqdlku ns[kk x;kA vk;jySaM esa] tgka vc rd yxkrkj

ç‚iVhZ lsDVj pje ij Fkk] fiNys lky m|ksx cqjh rjg

/kjk'kk;h gqvk vkSj 15 ls 20 çfr'kr ukSdfj;ka lekIr gks

xbZaA

fo'o ds vusd ns'kksa tSls v‚LVªsfy;k] dsU;k] nf{k.k

vÝhdk vkSj dSjsfc;kbZ {ks= ds cgqr ls ns'kksa ls NaVuh dh

[kcjsa feyha] tgka cM+s iSekus ij i;ZVu {ks= çHkkfor gqvkA

phu vkSj :lh la?k esa Hkh NaVfu;ka gqbZaA vkbZ,yvks ds

vkadM+s dgrs gSa fd fiNys lky phu esa bl {ks= esa pkj

djksM+ Jfedksa esa ls 10 çfr'kr ds djhc us viuh

ukSdfj;ka xaokbZA

© ,e

Økst

sV@vkbZ,y

vks


vk

17

daLVªD'ku m|ksx esa de osru ij] de dq'kyrk okys

cgqr ls Jfed dk;Z djrs gSa vkSj blesa T;knkrj çoklh

Jfed dk;Z djrs gSaA vksbZlhMh us fiNys lky flracj

esa çdkf'kr viuh baVjus'kuy ekbxzs'ku vkmVyqd fjiksVZ

esa dgk gS fd vksbZlhMh ds vusd lnL; ns'kksa tSls

v‚fLVª;k] psd x.kjkT;] Ýkal] xzhl] gaxjh] vk;jySaM]

bVyh] iqrZxky] Lisu] fLoV~tjySaM vkSj vesfjdk esa

daLVªD'ku lsDVj esa çoklh Jfed cM+h la[;k esa dke

djrs gSaA blfy, bl {ks= esa vkbZ fxjkoV ls lcls

T;knk çHkkfor çoklh Jfed gh gq,A muesa ls cgqrksa us

viuk jkstxkj rks [kks;k gh] nwljs ns'k esa jgus dk

vf/kdkj Hkh xaok;kA vuqeku gS fd [kkM+h ns'kksa esa] tgka

ds daLVªD'ku lsDVj dks çoklh Jfedksa dk cgqr cM+k

lgkjk gS] o"kZ 2008 esa Ms<+ yk[k çoklh Jfedksa us viuk

jkstxkj xaok;kA vkbZ,yvks dh fjiksVZ :l dk mnkgj.k

Hkh nsrh gS tgka 20 gtkj ls T;knk rqdhZ etnwjksa dks

okil vius ns'k tkus dks etcwj gksuk iM+kA

;g vkSj Hkh nq[kn gS fd bu çoklh Jfedksa dks vius

ns'k esa mlh çdkj dk dke nksckjk feyus dh cgqr de

mEehn gSA ftu ns'kksa esa os dke djrs gSa] mu ns'kksa ds

csjkstxkjh ds vkadM+ksa esa mudh ;g rdyhQ utj ugha

vkrhA

vksbZlhMh çoklh Jfedksa ds bLrseky ij vYikof/k dk

çLrko çLrqr djrk gS % vksbZlhMh egklfpo ,atsy xqfj;k

us O;kid] nh?kZdkyhu ifjçs{; esa çokl dks çcaf/kr djus

dk vkºoku fd;k gSA fiNys lky ekbxzs'ku vkmVyqd

dks tkjh djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk Fkk] ^vksbZlhMh ns'kksa esa

fuEu dq'kyrk okys Jfedksa dh t:jr cuh jgsxhA pwafd

mUgha ukSdfj;ksa dks gkfly djus ds fy, çoklh Jfedksa

dk ckj&ckj vkuk&tkuk dkQh ugha gSA*

gky dh ,d vkbZ,yvks fjiksVZ1 esa daLVªD'ku lsDVj

ds fy, reke rjg ds mik;ksa dk ftdz gSA blesa ^gfjr*

jkstxkj ds fy, lgfØ;k dh ckr Hkh dgh xbZ gSA blesa

Je vkSj ladV ds lkekftd igyqvksa dks yf{kr djus ds

fy, {ks=xr lkekftd laokn dk vkºoku fd;k x;k gS]

fo'ks"k :i ls çoklh Jfedksa vkSj NksVs m|eksa ij iM+us

okys çHkkoksa dks ns[krs gq,A blesa lq>ko fn;k x;k gS fd

^vc rd çHkkfor {ks=ksa esa uhfrxr dkjZokbZ ds dsaæ esa

?kjsyw cktkj jgk gS vkSj oSf'od {ks=xr lefUor

çfrfdz;kvksa ij de /;ku fn;k x;k gSA bl varjky dks

de djus ds fy, oSf'od {ks=xr uhfr laokn ,d

fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrk gSA* © ih Msyksp

@vkbZ,y

vks

1 ^^n djsaV Xykscy bdksu‚fed dzkbfll % lsDVksjy ,LisDV~l]** Hkkx 2 % n daLVªD'ku baMLVªh ¼i`"B 6&13½]

thch 304@,lVh,e@2@2] 304 oka l=] lapkyu fudk;] varjjk"Vªh; Je dk;kZy;] ekpZ 2009

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocment/wcms_103437.pdf


18

cky Je ds fo#) fo'o fnol 2009

lkekU; ys[k

cky Je ds fo#)fo'o fnol 2009ckfydkvksa dks ,d ekSdk nhft,

f'od foÙkh; ladV cM+h la[;k esa cPpksa dks]fo'ks"k :i ls ckfydkvksa dks] cky Je esa/kdsy ldrk gSA ,slk dguk gS vkbZ,yvksdh ml ubZ fjiksVZ dk] ftls cky Je ds

fo#) fo'o fnol ij ;kuh 12 twu dks tkjh fd;kx;kA

vkbZ,yvks dh bl fjiksVZ ftldk uke gS fxo xYlZ vpkal % VSdfyax pkbYM yscj] v dh Vw n ¶;wpj 1 esa dgkx;k gS fd tgka ,d vksj oSf'od vuqeku ladsr nsrs gSa fdcky Je eas yxs cPpksa dh la[;k de gks jgh gS] ogha foÙkh;ladV bl rjDdh dks ladV esa Mky ldrk gSA

vkbZ,yvks egkfuns'kd gqvku lksekfo;k us bl ekSds ijdgk] ^geus vc rd cky Je esa fxjkoV ns[kh gSA fdarqorZeku ladV ds nkSjku ftl rjg dh uhfr;ka viukbZtk,axh] mlh vk/kkj ij r; gksxk fd D;k jk"Vªh; o oSf'odçfrc)rk bl la?k"kZ dks vkxs c<+k,axhA*

fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS] cky Je esa ckfydkvksa dks /kdsyk

tkus dk ladsr bl ckr ls feyrk gS fd vusd ns'kksa esaifjokjksa esa cPpksa dh f'k{kk ij fu.kZ; ysrs le; ckydksa dksçkFkfedrk nh tkrh gSA foÙkh; ladV xgjkus ds pyrsxjhch esa c<+ksrjh gksxh vkSj xjhc ifjokjksa dks ;g pquukgksxk fd fdu cPps dks Ldwy esa j[kk tk, vkSj fdls Ldwyls gVk;k tk,A ftu lektksa esa ckydksa dh f'k{kk dksT;knk t:jh le>k tkrk gS] ogka ckfydkvksa dks Ldwy lsgVk, tkus dh T;knk vk'kadk gSA blds ckn os de mezesa dke ij yxk nh tkrh gSaA

cky Je esa cPpksa ds vf/kd la[;k esa nkf[ky gksus dk,d dkj.k jk"Vªh; f'k{kk ctV esa dVkSrh vkSj çoklhJfedksa }kjk Hksth xbZ jde esa fxjkoV Hkh gS] D;ksafd blhjde dh cnkSyr cPps dbZ ckj Ldwy esa i<+ ikrs gSaA

blh o"kZ cky Je ds fud`"V :iksa ds mUewyu ijvkbZ,yvks ds le>kSrs ¼la[;k 182½ dh nloha o"kZxkaB HkhFkhA

Jh lksekfo;k us dgk] ^bl le>kSrs ij vc rd gekjs169 lnL; ns'k viuh laiqf"V;ka ns pqds gSa vkSj dsoy 14

© v

kbZ,y

vks QksVks

1 fxo xYlZ v pkal % VSdfyax pkbYM

yscj] v dh Vw n ¶;wpj

¼vkbZ,yvks& vkbZiSd 2009½-

vkbZ,lch,u %

987&92&2&122374&0 ¼fçaV½]

978&92&2&122375&7 ¼osc ihMh,Q½


oS

19

ns'kksa dh laiqf"V;ka ckdh gSaA ;g çfrc)rk dh mYys[kuh;vfHkO;fä gSA ;g le>kSrk ckfydkvksa dh fLFkfr ij [kkl/;ku nsus dh ckr dgrk gS vkSj ge bl ckr dk fo'ks"kmYys[k djuk pkgrs gSa fd bl ladV ds nkSjku ckfydk,avf/kd tksf[ke esa gSaA ckfydkvksa& vkSj lHkh cPpksa dks ckyJe ls nwj j[kus ds fy, ,dhd`r ç;kl djus dhvko';drk gS ftlesa ekrk&firk ds fy, ukSdfj;ka vkSjlkekftd laj{k.k mik; 'kkfey gSaA bUgha dh enn lsckydksa vkSj ckfydkvksa dks Ldwy esa jksd dj j[kk tkldrk gSA ckydksa vkSj ckfydkvksa dh ewyHkwr f'k{kk rdigqap vkSj muds fy, çf'k{k.k dks Hkfo"; ds lek/kku dsrkSj ij Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gSA*

vkbZ,yvks fjiksVZ dgrh gS fd 10 djksM+ ls vf/kd

ckfydk,a cky Je esa layXu gSa vkSj buesa ls vf/kdrj

cky Je ds fud`"V :iksa esa yxh gqbZ gSaA ckfydk,a vusd

çdkj dh leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djrh gSaA ;gh otg gS

fd mu ij vf/kd /;ku fn, tkus dh t:jr gSA ;s

leL;k,a bl çdkj gSa %

● ckfydkvksa }kjk fd;k tkus okyk vf/kdrj dk;Z yksxksa

dh fuxkg esa ugha vkrkA ;g dk;Z mUgsa tksf[ke esa

Mkyrk gSA os T;knkrj ?kjsyw ukSdjkfu;ksa ds :i esa

dke djrh gSa] vkSj cky ?kjsyw etnwjksa ds mRihM+u

dh [kcjsa yxkrkj vkrh jgrh gSa]

● ckydksa ls Hkys dke u djok;k tk, ij ckfydk,a

vius ?kjksa esa Hkh dke djrh gSaA ?kj ds ckgj dke

djus ds vfrfjä ?kj ij dke djus ls mu ij ^nksgjk

ncko* iM+rk gS vkSj blls muds le; ls igys Ldwy

NksM+ nsus dh vk'kadk curh gS] vkSj

● vusd lektksa esa] ckfydk,a derj vkSj laosnu'khy

fLFkfr esa gksrh gSa vkSj mUgsa ewyHkwr f'k{kk Hkh ugha

fnykbZ tkrhA blls mUgsa vkxs vPNs ekSds ugha fey

ikrsA

fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd ckfydkvksa dh f'k{kk ij

[kpZ djuk vko';d gS D;ksafd ;g xjhch ls fuiVus dk

Hkh dkjxj rjhdk gSA f'kf{kr ckfydk o;Ld gksus ij

vf/kd vk; vftZr djsxh] lgh le; ij 'kknh djsxh]

de vkSj LoLFk cPpksa dks tUe nsxh vkSj ifjokj esa mlds

ikl fu.kZ; ysus dk vf/kdkj gksxkA f'kf{kr eka gh ;g

lqfuf'pr djrh gS fd mlds cPps f'kf{kr gksa vkSj muds

cpiu esa etnwjh djus dh vk'kadk Hkh de gksrh gSA

http://www.ilo.org/public/english/wdacl/flash09/index.html

cky Je ij cPpksa dk –f"Vdks.kcky Je ds fo#) fo'o fnol] 12 twu] 2009] dks tsusok fLFkr varjjk"Vªh; Je dk;kZy; esa vk;ksftr çn'kZuh

vesfjdh lhusVj V‚e gkjfdu us ckyJe ds fo#) fo'o fnol vkSj ckyJe ds fud`"V :iksa ds mUewyu ijvkbZ,yvks ds le>kSrs ¼la[;k 182½ dhnloha o"kZxkaB ij vk;ksftr dk;ZØeksaesa Hkkx fy;kA varjjk"Vªh; JelEesyu dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, lhusVjgkjfdu us psrkouh nh fd vkfFkZdeanh cky Je ds mUewyu esa feyhlQyrk dks myV ldrs gSaA mUgksausvkbZ,yvks dk vkºoku fd;k fd ogcky Je mUewyu dh viuh çfrc)rkdks vkSj xfr nsA bl volj ijvkbZ,yvks egkfuns'kd gqvkulksekfo;k us Hkh vius fopkj çdVfd,A 1999 esa varjjk"Vªh; JelEesyu dh cky Je lfefr esafu;ksäkvksa ds lewg ds çoäk Jh ts-MCY;w- cksFkk vkSj Jfedksa ds lewg dsçoäk lj ysjkW; Vª‚VeSu us Hkhvius&vius vfHkHkk"k.k fn,A

© v

kbZ,y

vks QksVks

© ,- nqc

ksbl@

vkbZ,y

vks


20

vkbZ,yvks cSBd esa rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx esa ladV ds çHkko ij gqbZ ppkZ

lkekU; ys[k

vkbZ,yvks cSBd esa rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx esa ladV ds çHkko ij gqbZ ppkZy ,oa xSl m|ksx esa jkstxkjksa esa vkbZoSf'od eanh ds chp ljdkjksa] Jfedksa vkSjfu;ksäkvksa ds laxBuksa ds ofj"B çfrfuf/k;ksaus tsusok fLFkr vkbZ,yvks eq[;ky; esa

11&14 ebZ rd pyh ,d cSBd esa isVªksfy;e m|ksxesa vkS|ksfxd laca/kksa ds gkykr ij fopkj&foe'kZfd;kA

cSBd ds fy, rS;kj dh xbZ ,d ubZ vkbZ,yvks fjiksVZ1

dgrh gS fd o"kZ 2004 esa jkstxkj ds {ks= esa] rsy ,oa xSlmR[kuu mi{ks= 'kh"kZ ij FkkA ;gka 40 yk[k ukSdfj;ka FkhaAfQj Øfed :i ls blesa deh vkbZ vkSj o"kZ 2006 esa ;gkajkstxkj 30 yk[k ds Lrj ij gh jg x;kA vU; 15 yk[kdeZpkjh vuqekfur :i ls rsy 'kks/ku m|ksx esa dke djjgs FksA

fjiksVZ ;g Hkfo";ok.kh djrh gS fd o"kZ 2010 rd rsym|ksx esa 6000 ls vf/kd dq'ky deZpkfj;ksa dh deh gkstk,xhA ^;g ,d ikjaifjd vuqeku gSA okLrfodrk bllsHkh cnrj gks ldrh gSA dq'ky Jfedksa dh deh dh tM+sa1990 ds n'kd ds nkSjku dh xbZ jkstxkj dh dVkSrh vkSjHkrhZ ds vHkko esa fNih gSa tks cnrj vkSj [krjukd dk;ZxrifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k ekuh xbZ gS vkSj vc bls orZekuvkfFkZd ladV us vkSj c<+k fn;k gSA* ;g dguk gS] lqJh,fytkcsFk fVuksdks dk tks vkbZ,yvks ds {ks=h; xfrfof/kfoHkkx ¼lsDVj½ dh funs'kd gSaA

fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] bl {ks= esa jkstxkj esa vfLFkjrk usBsds ij Je dh rnuarj o`f) dks vkxs c<+k;k gS tks vcrsy m|ksx dh vfuok;Zrk vkSj vkS|ksfxd laca/kksa esaleL;kvksa dk dkj.k cu xbZ gSA fjiksVZ Je 'kfä ds dsaæh;

1 lks'ky Mk;y‚x ,aMbaMfLVª;y fjys'kal b';wtbu n v‚;y baMLVªh] rsy

,oa xSl mR[kuu vkSj

mRiknu ls ysdj rsy ,oa

xSl forj.k esa lkekftd

laokn vkSj mÙke vkS|ksfxd

laca/kksa dks c<+kok nsus ds

fy, gqbZ f=i{kh; cSBd esa

ppkZ ds fy, rS;kj fjiksVZA

varjjk"Vªh; Je dk;kZy;]

tsusok 2009

http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/

techmeet/tmoge09/tmoge-r.pdf

© ,e ØkstsV@vkbZ,yvks


rs

vkSj ckgjh Jfedksa esa gq, ^nksgjhdj.k* dh vksj b'kkjkdjrh gS vkSj dgrh gS fd tfVy jkstxkj çfdz;kvksa dkifj.kke çk;% fu;ksäk dh igpku dk fu/kkZj.k djus esadfBukbZ ds :i esa gksrk gS] dHkh&dHkh bldk vljlkewfgd lkSnsckth ds ifj.kkeksa ij Hkh iM+rk gSA

fjiksVZ egRoiw.kZ osru varjkyksa dk Hkh mYys[k djrh gStksfd O;olk;] dkS'ky vkSj ySafxdrk ij fuHkZj djrs gSavkSj O;kolkf;d LokLF; ,oa lqj{kk ds eqíksa dks js[kkafdrdjrh gSA ;g vuqeku yxkrh gS fd ?kkrd nq?kZVukvksa esa'kkfey gksus dh vk'kadk okys Bsds ds Jfedksa dh la[;kdaiuh ds fu;fer deZpkfj;ksa ds eqdkcys nksxquh gksrh gSvkSj fd 21 ls 35 o"kZ ds chp dh mez okys Jfed fdlhHkh vU; vk;q lewg ds eqdkcys nq?kZVukvksa ds çfr vf/kdlaHkkfor f'kdkj gksrs gSaA fjiksVZ ;g Hkh dgrh gS fd bl?kVuk ds ckotwn fd virVh; dk;Z rVorhZ dk;Z dseqdkcys vf/kd [krjukd gksrk gS] ?kkrd nq?kZVukvksa dhnj rVorhZ dk;Z esa virVh; dk;Z ds eqdkcys yxHkxnksxqus ls Hkh Åaph gksrh gSA

vkS|ksfxd laca/kksa ds lanHkZ esa] vkbZ,yvks fjiksVZ ikrh gSfd iwjs rsy m|ksx esa Jfedksa ds laxBuhdj.k ds Lrj csgnfuEu gSa vkSj fxjrs gh tk jgs gSa] ;|fi Jfed la?klnL;rk mR[kuu vkSj mRiknu {ks= ds eqdkcys rsy 'kks/ku{ks= esa vf/kd O;kid gSA virVh; dk;ZLFkyksa vkSj efgykJfedksa ds chp ;g csgn fuEu Lrj ij gSA cSBd esa blij fopkj fd;k x;k fd Jfedksa ds vf/kdkjksa dk lEekufd;k tk jgk gS] ;g dSls lqfuf'pr fd;k tk,A

lqJh fVuksdks dgrh gSa] ^dq'ky Jfedksa dh deh ,doSf'od çfdz;k gS ftlus [kkl rkSj ls rsy m|ksx ij vljMkyk gS D;ksafd ;g {ks= lapkyu ds fy, mPp dkS'ky dhekax djrk gSA rsy daifu;ka orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; dhO;kolkf;d t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, viuh HkrhZçfdz;kvksa esa fofo/krk ykbZ gSaA muds ç;klksa eas f'k{kk vkSjçf'k{k.k esa egRoiw.kZ fuos'k 'kkfey gSaA ysfdu rsy m|ksxvdsys gh dq'ky Jfedksa ds leqPp; esa i;kZIr o`f) djusesa vleFkZ gSaA ljdkjksa dks Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkuhgksxhA fjiksVZ lq>ko nsrh gS fd ljdkjksa vkSj rsy m|ksxds chp laokn fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftlesa Jfedksa dslaxBuksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tk, rkfd Je'kfä dsfo'kky leqPp; esa u, 'kkfey gksus okys dq'ky Jfed rsym|ksx ds dk;Z ds fy, Hkyh çdkj ls ySl gksaA*

21

vkbZ,yvks cSBd esa rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx esa ladV ds çHkko ij gqbZ ppkZ

© ,e

Økst

sV@vkbZ,y

vks


22

ladV ds le; lkekftd laokn % vrhr ls lcd

lkekU; ys[k

ladV ds le;lkekftd laokn%

vrhr ls lcdrh; fo'o;q) ds ckn 30 ^xkSjo'kkyh

o"kZ* ftUgsa fd rnuarj vkfFkZd o`f)]

çk;% iw.kZ jkstxkj vkSj vf/kdka'k

vkS|ksfxd ns'kksa esa jgu&lgu ds ekudksa

esa gqbZ rhoz o`f) ls tkuk tkrk gS] ds ckn vk;k gS

vkfFkZd eanh] mPp eqækLQhfr] c<+rs ctV ?kkVksa vkSj

csjkstxkjh esa c<+ksrjh dk nkSjA vkbZ,yvks ds

lkekftd laokn fo'ks"kK Y;wMsd jkbpyh ,d

,sfrgkfld ifjçs{; esa ljdkjksa] fu;ksäkvksa vkSj

Jfedksa ds chp lkekftd laokn dh leh{kk dj jgs

gSaA

varjjk"Vªh; çfr;ksfxrk esa rst o`f) vkSj ÅtkZ ykxrksa

esa vkbZ rh[kh rsth] [kkl rkSj ls o"kZ 1973 ds igys rsy

>Vds ds ckn dh ewY; o`f) dk ifj.kke ikjaifjd fuekZ.k

{ks= esa yxHkx oSf'od fxjkoV ds :i esa lkeus vk;k]

mPp Jfed la?khdj.k okyk ;g {ks= n'kdksa rd jk"Vªh;

vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh jh<+ cuk jgk FkkA jk"Vªh; vkS|ksfxd

laca/k ra=ksa dks ,d iwjh rjg ls fHkUu okrkoj.k ds vuqdwy

cuuk Fkk vkSj ubZ pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk FkkA

csfYt;e esa bl ladV dk lkewfgd lkSnsckth vkSj

lkekftd laokn ds vU; :iksa ij ,d csgn ukVdh; vlj

iM+k] [kkl rkSj ls o"kZ 1975 ds cknA lkekftd lgHkkfx;ksa

ds chp ,sls eqíksa ij tSls fd Jfed ykxr esa dVkSrh vkSj

rkykcanh ij vke jk; ds vHkko us dqN le; ds fy,

ikjaifjd varj vkS|ksfxd laokn ds tkjh jgus dks jksd

fn;kA ljdkj us Ô;kid dne mBkrs gq, nwjxkeh çHkko

okyh uhfr dks ykxw dj fn;k] osru fLFkj dj fn, vkSj

jgu&lgu dh ykxr ds laokn ls gkfly çko/kkuksa ds

çHkkoksa dks lhfer dj fn;kA*

ysfdu varr% dkuwuh vkSj laokn ls gkfly mik;ksa ds

xBtksM+ ds ek/;e ls osru larqyu gkfly dj fy;k

x;kA Qjojh 1981 esa u;k dkuwu ykxw fd;k x;k ftlus

ml fLFkfr esa vko';d osru fu;a=.k mik; çnku fd,

tcfd fu;ksäk vkSj Jfed la?k ,d jk"Vªh; lgefr ij

igqap ldrs gksa] ;g lgefr gkykafd gkfly dh xbZ vkSj

'kkgh vkns'k ls ck/;dkjh cukbZ xbZA

vk;jySaM dk cgq çpkfjr ekeyk fn[kkrk gS fd

lkekftd laokn] fo'ks"k rkSj ls rc tcfd mls ljdkj

dk Hkh leFkZu gkfly gks] xaHkhj vkfFkZd dfBukb;ksa esa Hkh

çfrfdz;k çnku dj ldrk gSA mPp csjkstxkjh vkSj

eqækLQhfr dh xaHkhj lajpukRed leL;kvksa dk lkeuk

gksus ij lkekftd lgHkkxh vkSj ljdkj o"kZ 1987 esa

jk"Vªh; {kfriwfrZ dk;Zdze rd igqapus esa lQy gks x, tks

f=i{kh; vuqca/kksa dh Jà[kyk esa igyk FkkA

pwafd ;g vuqca/k [kkl rkSj ls osru ls gh lacaf/kr Fkk

blls Jfed la?k dj jkgrksa ds cnys e/;e osru o`f);ksa

ij lger gks x,A blds ckn gq, lgHkkfxrk vuqca/k

viuh lanHkZ lkexzh esa nwjxkeh Fks vkSj mUgksaus lkekftd

vkSj vkfFkZd eqíksa dh ,d O;kid Jà[kyk dks lacksf/kr

fd;kA

bVyh esa eanh ^lkewfgd lkSnsckth dh lajpuk vkSj

lanHkZ lkexzh esa rFkk lkFk gh lkFk] mls lapkfyr djus

okys i{kksa esa O;kid cnykoksa dh xokg cuhA* ljdkj us

dbZ çdkj ls gLr{ksi fd;k% jk"Vªh; Je fooknksa ds fuiVkjs

esa lfdz; Hkwfedk fuHkkdj] ^laokn ls rS;kj dkuwuksa* dks

Lohdkj djds] vkSj 1980 ds n'kd dh 'kq#vkr ls gh cM+s

f=i{kh; vuqca/kksa esa Hkkx ysdjA

o"kZ 1983 vkSj o"kZ 1984 ds f=i{kh; vuqca/kksa us u

dsoy Lor% osru lwphdj.k dk ekeyk fuiVk;k] vfirq

jkstxkj dks c<+kok nsus] dk;Z ds le; dks ?kVkus vkSj Je

cktkj ds fu;eu ds O;kid eqíksa dk Hkh fuiVkjk fd;kA

bVyh us 1990 ds n'kd esa Hkh f=i{kh; vuqca/kksa ¼laf/k;ksa½

dk mi;ksx djuk tkjh j[kkA

1970 ds n'kd esa vkSj 1980 ds n'kd ds iwokZ) esa

uhnjySaM~l us csjkstxkjh esa rhoz o`f)] lajpukRed


f}

23

dfBukb;ksa] mPp C;kt njksa vkSj c<+rs ctV ?kkVksa ds

ihM+knk;d vuqHkoksa dk lkeuk fd;kA bu dfBukb;ksa us

u dsoy Mp dY;k.kdkjh jkT;] vfirq ikjaifjd îksYMj

ra=* ds fy, Hkh pqukSrh is'k dh tks lkekftd laokn

çfreku esa le>kSrs vkSj uhfrxr mik;ksa ds fy, tu

leFkZu tqVkus ij vk/kkfjr FkkA fgrxzkgh lewgksa ds chp

laca/k çfrdwy gks x, vkSj Jfedksa rFkk fu;ksäkvksa ds chp

fdlh lgefr ij igqapuk vlaHko lk yxus yxkA

lkekftd lgHkkfx;ksa ds chp gq, çfl) oslsukj

vuqca/k ij o"kksaZ rd vlgefr ds ckn o"kZ 1982 esa iwjh

rjg vk'p;Ztud <ax ls igqapk x;k ftlus 1970 ds

n'kd vkSj 1980 ds n'kd ds iwokZ) esa vkfFkZd d"Vksa vkSj

csjkstxkjh ds f[kykQ yM+kbZ esa ,d okLrfod ifjorZu

fcanq dk çfrfuf/kRo fd;kA ;g 1980 ds n'kd ds mÙkjk)Z

vkSj 1990 ds n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa Je cktkj vkSj

jkstxkj çn'kZu esa {kfriwfrZ dk Hkh vkjafHkd fcanq cukA

vuqca/k us bl ckr ij tksj fn;k fd ^jkstxkjksa esa

lajpukRed lq/kkjksa ds fy, vkfFkZd o`f) dh iqu% çkfIr]

dherksa esa LFkkf;Ro] csgrj iqjLdkjksa ds lkFk daifu;ksa dh

çfr;ksfxrkRedrk esa lq/kkj t:jh gSA* fojks/kkHkklh :i ls]

;g ljdkj Fkh ftlus bl vuqca/k dks ifj.kke rd

igqapkus esa lokZf/kd ;ksxnku fn;k] ^tSls gh ljdkjh

gLr{ksi dh vk'kadk,a xgjkbZa] ck/; gksdj lkekftd

lgHkkxh ,d gks x, vkSj mUgksaus ,d nwljs dks lkSnsckth

ds lgHkkxh ds rkSj ij Lohdkj dj fy;kA*

1970 ds n'kd ds e/; esa tkiku us ,d yach eanh

ds nkSj esa ços'k fd;kA ladV us lajpukRed ifjorZuksa dh

t:jr eglwl djkbZ vkSj vusd m|ksxksa esa vR;f/kdrk

dh dM+h leL;k,a iSnk gks xbZa tSls fd bLikr] iksr

fuekZ.k vkSj vfHk;kaf=dhA ;|fi vU; vf/kdka'k

vkS|ksxhd`r ns'kksa ls fHkUu tkiku bl vof/k ls] fcuk

vo';aHkkoh eqækLQhfr] mPp csjkstxkjh vkSj vusd

gM+rkyksa ls cpdj fudyus esa lQy jgkA dqN i;Zos{kd

lksprs gSa fd lkewfgd lkSnsckth dk tkikuh ra= tks ,d

O;kid la;qä lykgdkjh ra= ls vuqiwfjr gS] bl vof/k

ds nkSjku tkikuh vFkZO;oLFkk ds :ikarj.k vkSj

vk/kqfudhdj.k esa lgk;d jgk ftlls cM+s lkekftd la?k"kZ

dks Vkyus es enn feyhA

1980 ds n'kd esa vesfjdk fuEu vkfFkZd çn'kZu ls

cqjh rjg çHkkfor gqvk ftlds ckn csgn detksj çfriwfrZ

vkbZA Bhd blh le; csgn dM+h fons'kh çfrLi/kkZ dh

çfrfdz;k esa uoksUes"kksa vkSj ykxr dVkSrh us ljdkjh

vfofu;euksa ds lkFk feydj vkS|ksfxd laca/kksa ds ra= ij

O;kid ncko cuk fn;kA NwV okyh lkSnsckth dks O;kid

:i ls Lohdkj fd;k x;k % çHkkoh ç'u ;g Fkk fd

jkstxkj vkSj vk; lqj{kk çnku djuk fdrus mÙke çdkj

ls laiUu fd;k tk ldrk gSA 1980 ds n'kd dh NwV

okyh lkSnsckth esa ls vusd vkfFkZd foifÙk dk lkeuk

djus okyh lqçfl) rduhdksa ij vk/kkfjr Fkha tSls fd

ifjorZu dh vfxze lwpuk] iqu% çf'k{k.k] i`FkDdj.k osru]

iwoZ lsokfuo`fÙk ykHk] dk;Z esa fgLlsnkjh] dkj[kkuksa ds chp

rcknys] lpy HkÙks] vuqiwjd csjkstxkjh ykHk] vf/kd dk;Z

ds çko/kku vkSSj lqfuf'pr okf"kZd HkqxrkuA

vkS|ksfxd laca/kksa ds lanHkZ esa] 1970 vkSj 1980 ds

n'kdksa ls feyk çeq[k lcd ;g gS fd ladV ds ck/kd

çHkko gks ldrs gSa] ;gka rd fd lqLFkkfir vkS|ksfxd laca/k

ra=ksa ij HkhA gkykafd ;g ck/kk,a vLFkk;h gksrh gSaA ;fn

ra=ksa esa vuqdwyu dh {kerk gks] ;fn os mi;qä lkoZtfud

uhfr;ksa vkSj leFkZ laLFkkuksa ls lefFkZr gksa vkSj ;fn

le>kSrs rd igqapus dh ,d vke bPNk gksA tSlk fd

vk;jySaM ds ekeys esa çnf'kZr gqvk gS] ladV dks lacksf/kr

djus ds mik; ds :i esa lkekftd laokn ds mi;ksx dk

ldkjkRed vuqHko ,d u, vkSj fVdkÅ ;qx dh 'kq#vkr

dk vxznwr gks ldrk gS tgka vkS|ksfxd laca/k le`f) ykus

esa ennxkj gks ldrs gSaA

varr% ^NwV okyh* lkSnsckth dk vuqHko midze Lrj

dh lkSnsckth esa vk'kkokn dks fn[kkrk gSA rks Hkh] orZeku

ladV ds lanHkZ esa] ftl ij mPp osru dk çHkko ugha

iM+k gS] lkekU; çfreku ds :i esa osru fu;a=.k dk

mi;ksx tfVy ls Hkh vf/kd tku iM+rk gSA

© v

kbZ,y

vks@

fxy c

Vu


24

mRÑ"V lekt dk fuekZ.k

Qhpj cqd

mRd"V lekt dk fuekZ.k%fodkl esa lkekftd laj{k.kdh Hkwfedk ij iqufoZpkj

ls yksx ladV ds vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftdçHkkoksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy, la?k"kZdj jgs gSa] lkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ksadh fujarj vko';drk c<+ jgh gSA

ysfdu lkekftd lqj{kk ds fy, O;kid ;kstuk cukusds varjjk"Vªh; ç;klksa ds ckotwn] nqfu;k dh ,dcgqr cM+h vkcknh dks lkekftd lqj{kk ds vf/kdkjls fujarj oafpr j[kk x;k gSA vkbZ,yvks ds u,çdk'ku fcfYMax MhlsaV lkslk;Vht % jhfFkafdax njksy v‚Q lks'ky flD;ksfjVh bu MsoyiesaV1 esa ;gç'u mBk;k x;k gS fd D;k vkSj fdl çdkjlkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ka] lkekU; rkSj ij] vkSjfo'ks"k :i ls lkekftd lqj{kk fo'o dk;Zlwph esamPp çkFkfedrk çkIr dj ldrh gSA

vksbZlhMh vkSj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa lkekftd lqj{kk esa,sfrgkfld vkSj lelkef;d fodkl dks lkFk ykrs gq, vkSjekStwnk foÙkh; vkSj vkfFkZd ladV ij fo'ks"k :i ls fopkjdjrs gq, ;g iqLrd mu ubZ varjjk"Vªh; j.kuhfr;ksa ijutj Mkyrh gS tks lkekftd lqj{kk dks LFkkfir djldrh gSa] xjhch de dj ldrh gSa vkSj vkfFkZd ,oa

lkekftd fodkl esa ;ksxnku ns ldrh gSaA blesa ;gfu"d"kZ çLrqr fd;k x;k gS fd bl y{; dks gkfly djusds fy, fuEu vkSj e/;e vk; okys ns'kksa dks pkfg, fd osmPp vk; okys ns'kksa esa ykxw lkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ksads led{k vius ;gka Hkh lkekftd lqj{kk ç.kkfy;ka ykxwdjsaA

orZeku le; esa] 30 vksbZlhMh ns'kksa esa vkSlru] ldy?kjsyw mRikn dk 13 çfr'kr ls vf/kd fgLlk lkekftdlqj{kk dks lefiZr gS] tks fd fuEu vk; okys ns'kksa ls,dne myV gS tgka vkSlru nks çfr'kr ls Hkh de fgLlkbl {ks= dks fn;k tkrk gSA bl vlaxfr dks nwj djus dsfy, bu nksuksa çdkj ds ns'kksa dh vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftduhfr;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;wjksi vkSj vksbZlhMh esa lkekftd laj{k.k

;wjksi vkSj vksbZlhMh ns'kksa esa lkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ksadh 'kq#vkr ,d 'krkCnh igys gh gks xbZ FkhA vkt]lkekftd ifjO;; dk mPp Lrj] de xjhch ls tksM+djns[kk tkrk gS ysfdu bl laca/k esa dqN viokn Hkh gSaA tSlsbLVksfu;k] iksySaM vkSj Lyksokfd;k esa] tgka ifjO;; dk mPpLrj gS] xjhch Hkh mPp Lrj ij dk;e gSA ?kjsyw cktkj ds,dhdj.k vkSj fodkl ds lkFk] ;wjksih; la?k ¼bZ;w½ ij ;gncko fujarj c<+ jgk gS fd ,sls u, lkekftd laj{k.kfodkl e‚My dks eatwj fd;k tk, tks lkekftd lqj{kkvkSj HkkbZpkjs ij vk/kkfjr gks &;wjksih; la?k ds Lrj ij foÙkiksf"kr ;wjksih; la?k dh ,d lkekftd uhfrA

vksbZlhMh dh lkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkyh esa lkoZHkkSfedvkSj pquhank mik;ksa dk lekos'k gS] fQj Hkh vksbZlhMh dslHkh ns'k bl ckr dks Lohdkj djrs gSa fd lkekftd lqj{kkvk/kqfudhdj.k vkSj nh?kZdkyhu o`f) dk lk/ku gS] vkSj ns'kdh xjhch nwj djus dk HkhA vxj fuEu vk; okys ns'kksadks lkekftd lqj{kk dh vksbZlhMh ç.kkfy;ksa dks viukukgS rks oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk ij fopkj djus ds i'pkr muesaifjorZu fd, tkus pkfg,A

1 ihVj VkmulsaM] fcfYMax MhlsaV

lkslk;Vht % jhfFkafdax n jksy

v‚Q lks'ky flD;ksfjVh bu

MsoyiesaV] vkbZ,lch,u

978&92&2&121995&8-

vkbZ,yvks] 2009 ¼iSyxzso

eSdfeyu ifCy'klZ ds lkFk lg

çdkf'kr½- ist 36 Hkh ns[ksaA


tS

,sls e‚Myksa dks fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa ykxw fd;k tkldrk gS] ;g ç'u bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd ns'kdk jktuSfr Loj fdruk fofo/krkiw.kZ gSA vehj yksdra=ksaesa vis{kkd`r lerkoknh dk;Zdze gksrs gSa] ftuesa ls dqNrks lHkh ij ykxw gksrs gSa] vkSj dqN xjhc vkSj de vk;okys ifjokjksa dks yf{kr gksrs gSaA nwljh rjQ] fodkl'khyns'kksa esa çfrxkeh ;k dbZ ckj fof'k"V oxZ dks dsafærdk;Zdze dk;e gSaA dY;k.k ds ;wjksih; e‚My] gkykafd;g dHkh iwjh rjg ls vuqdj.kh; ugha gks ldrk] vc Hkhfodkl'khy ns'kksa esa ljdkjh dY;k.k lq/kkjksa dk mi;ksxhlanHkZ çnku djrs gSaAfuEu vk; okys ns'kksa ds vuqHko

fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa lkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ksa dsikl lalk/kuksa dk vHkko gS vkSj ;s cgqr vleku gSaA ,d'krkCnh iwoZ] ,f'k;k] vÝhdk vkSj dSjsfc;kbZ ns'kksa esavkSifuosf'kd lÙkk us fuEu O;kidrk okYkh ;kstukvksa dksçLrkfor fd;k tks ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa vkSj cM+s m|eksads deZpkfj;ksa dks LokLF; ns[kHkky] ekr`Ro vodk'k]fodykaxrk HkÙkk vkSj isa'ku vkfn nsrh FkhaA ysfdu ,dcgqr cM+h vkcknh] fo'ks"k :i ls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa jgus okysxjhcksa dks dksbZ udn ykHk ugha feyrk FkkA vkt Hkhlcls cM+h pqukSrh ;g gS fd lkekftd laj{k.k ds nk;jsdks ,d cM+h vkcknh rd igqapkuk gSA

ljdkjksa vkSj nkrkvksa ds bjknksa ij la'k; fd, tkusds ckotwn] reke v/;;u ;g fn[kkrs gSa fd lkekftdlaj{k.k vkSj d`f"k fodkl uhfr;ksa ds chp lgfdz;k dk;egks ldrh gS& mnkgj.k ds fy, bfFk;ksfi;k dh ljdkjQwM QLVZ ls igys dS'k QLVZ çLrko dh vksj c<+ jghgSA ckaXykns'k] bfFk;ksfi;k vkSj ekykoh esa fd, x,v/;;u crkrs gSa fd nh?kZdkyhu lkekftd laj{k.k ijO;; fd;k tk jgk gS vkSj reke dk;ZØeksa ds ek/;e lse`nk vkSj ty laj{k.k] lM+dsa] i'kq/ku lfgr d`f"kifjlaifÙk;ka tSlh lkeqnkf;d ifjlaifÙk;ka fodflr dhtk jgh gSaA

nwljh rjQ nf{k.k vÝhdk us lkekftd lg;ksx dhç.kkyh fojklr esa ikbZ gS ftls tkfrxr vk/kkj ijlerkewyd cuk;k x;k] mldk foLrkj fd;k x;k vkSj1998 esa uUgs cPpksa dks udn ykHk tSlh ;kstuk Hkh 'kq:dh xbZA o"kZ 2010 rd ,d u;k vfuok;Z] va'knk;h vk;laca/kh dks"k LFkkfir dj fn;k tk,xk tks lsokfuo`fÙk dsfy, cpr] csjkstxkjh chek] fodykaxrk ,oa e`R;q ij ykHktSlh lqfo/kk,a eqgS¸;k djk,xk& ,d O;kid ç.kkyh dhrjQ ;g ,d eq[; dne gSA

nf{k.k vÝhdk vkSj nwljh txgksa ds dY;k.k fodkldh lcls cM+h pqukSrh gS] ,pvkbZoh@,M~l egkekjh dseísutj lqlaxr ;k O;kid lkekftd lgk;rk uhfr dkvHkkoA blls tqM+h gqbZ] leku LokLF; ns[kHkky dh ,dç.kkyh lqfuf'pr djus dh leL;k Hkh gSA fo'o Lrj ij

10 djksM+ yksx fpfdRlk ij [kpZ djrs&djrs xjhch esathus dks foo'k gks jgs gSa] fo'ks"k :i ls fodkl'khy ns'kksaesaA FkkbZySaM blesa ,d lq[kn viokn gS tgka flQZ 27lkyksa esa leku nk;js dh miyfC/k gkfly dj yh xbZ gS¼fodflr ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa tgka ;g 70 o"kksaZ esa gkflyfd;k x;k½] og Hkh fu/kZuksa vkSj xzkeh.kksa dks lg;ksx nsusokyh O;kid uhfr;ksa ds pyrsA

lkekftd lqj{kk dks oSf'od çksRlkgu

la;qä jk"Vª vkSj lHkh varjjk"Vªh; fudk;ksa dh eq[;j.kuhfr;ksa dks fo'o Lrj ij xjhch de djus dh uhfr;ksavkSj O;kid fodkl ds eq[; rRo ds :i ,d ,slhlkekftd lqj{kk dks çksRlkgu nsuk pkfg, tks lHkh ns'kksadks leku :i ls çxfr djus yk;d l{ke cuk,A ;g,d lans'k Hkh gS fd tks o"kZ 2008&09 ds foÙkh; vkSjvkfFkZd ladV ds eísutj çklafxd gSA fodklxr uhfrij gksus okyh ppkZvksa esa bls LFkku fn;k tk jgk gSA lHkhns'kksa esa ewyHkwr lkekftd laj{k.k dks çLrkfor djus dsfy, la;qä jk"Vªh; vkSj varjjk"Vªh; ç;klksa dk ghljdkjksa] Jfedksa vkSj fu;ksäkvksa }kjk] twu 2009 dhvkbZ,yvks oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k esa vkºoku fd;k x;k gStks bl laca/k esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dne gSA

25

vkt eq[; pqukSrh gS] leLr vkcknh rd lkekftd lqj{kk dknk;jk c<+kuk--- vkSj lHkh ns'kksa esa ewyHkwr lkekftd laj{k.k dksçLrkfor djuk---

© v

kbZ,y

vks@

fxy c

Vu


26

Qhpj

egk}hiksa ds bnZ&fxnZ u, çdk'kulekpkj

varjjk"Vªh;Je lEesyuvarjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu ds twu 2009 ds

l= esa u dsoy ,sfrgkfld oSf'od jkstxkj laf/kdks Lohdr fd;k x;k cfYd vusd vU; eqíksaij Hkh fopkj fd;k x;k] tSls ,pvkbZoh@,M~lvkSj Je dh nqfu;k ij vkbZ,yvks dk u;k

mik;] fo'o Lrj ij cykr Je dh vkfFkZd vkSjlkekftd ykxr] vkbZ,yvks le>kSrksa vkSjflQkfj'kksa dks fØ;kfUor djuk vkSj ySafxdlekurk dks vkbZ,yvks dh mRd"V Jedk;Zlwph dk eq[; eqík cukukA

© v

kbZ,y

vks QksVks


27

lEesyu us lcls igys ,pvkbZoh@,M~l vkSj Je dh

nqfu;k ij u, varjk"Vªh; Je ekud ij ppkZ dhA ;g

egkekjh c<+ jgh gS] frl ij foÙkh; ladV us LokLF;

ctV] fodkl lgk;rk vkSj mipkj dk;ZØeksa ij fd;k

tkus okyk [kpZ ?kVk;k gSA blfy, lfefr us O;kogkfjd

dkjZokbZ] lgefr vkSj lg;ksx dh rRdky vko';drk vkSj

çfrc)rk dks nksgjk;kA

;g mEehn dh tk jgh gS fd ,pvkbZoh vkSj Je dh

nqfu;k ij dsafær mik;] jksdFkke dk;ZØeksa vkSj jk"Vªh;

,oa dk;ZLFkyh; Lrjksa ij HksnHkkojfgr mik;ksa dks vkxs

c<+k,xk vkSj blls LokLF; laca/kh vfuf'prrkvksa esa Hkh

deh vk,xhA blls ,pvkbZoh dh jksdFkke] mipkj]

ns[kHkky vkSj lg;ksx rd igqap cukus esa Je dh nqfu;k

ds ;ksxnku dks etcwrh feysxh vkSj lwpuk xzg.k djus

vkSj muds fujh{k.k dks çksRlkgu feysxkA çLrkfor

flQkfj'k ij twu 2010 esa nksckjk ppkZ gksxhA

lEesyu us Je dh nqfu;k esa ySafxd lekurk ij Hkh

ppkZ dhA ;g eqík vkbZ,yvks ds fy, egRoiw.kZ vkSj

ewY;oku gS vkSj mldh mRd`"V Je dk;Zlwph dk vfuok;Z

?kVd gSA ySafxd lekurk ij laxBu dh lfefr us dgk

fd o"kZ 1985 ls gh efgykvksa vkSj iq#"kksa ds chp lekurk

dh fn'kk esa c<+r gkfly gqbZ] tc lEesyu esa bl eqís ij

lkekU; ppkZ dh xbZA fQj Hkh eq[; pqukSrh ;Fkkor gS%

efgykvksa dks ikfjokfjd mÙkjnkf;Ro dk ,d cM+k fgLlk

ogu djuk iM+rk gS] ftlls Je cktkj esa mudh iw.kZ

Hkkxhnkjh vkSj vkfFkZd l'kähdj.k çHkkfor gksrk gS] leku

ewY; okys Je ds fy, Hkh iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa os de

dekrh gSa] vukSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj de vk; okyh

vdq'ky ukSdfj;ksa esa cM+h la[;k esa yxh gksrh gSa] vkSj

usr`Ro laHkkyus okys inksa ij mudh la[;k lkekU; rkSj

ij de gksrh gSA

98 osa varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu us o"kZ 2010&11 ds fy, 7267 yk[kvesfjdh M‚yj dk dk;ZØe vkSj ctV Lohd`r fd;k tks fd o"kZ2008&09 ds lalk/kuksa ds Lrj dks cjdjkj j[ks gq, gSA bl lEesyu esalaxBu ds 183 lnL; ns'kksa ds pkj gtkj ls Hkh vf/kd ljdkjh] JfedvkSj fu;ksäk çfrfuf/k;ksa us Hkkx fy;kA

çfrfuf/k;ksa us dgk fd oSf'od vkfFkZd eanh ls efgykvksa dks l'kä djusds ç;klksa dks /kDdk t:j yxk gS ysfdu blls ,slh lerkewyd uhfrçfrfdz;kvksa dks fodflr djus ds volj Hkh fey jgs gSa tks dke vkSjifjokj dh ftEesnkfj;ksa esa laxfr cSBkus esa efgykvksa vkSj iq#"kksa dks csgrjvolj çnku djsaxsA Hkfo"; esa vkbZ,yvks dk nkf;Ro& tks fd jkstxkjladV ij mldh çfrfØ;k Hkh gS& ;g gS fd og vius la?kVdksa dkslg;ksx çnku djsxk fd os f'k{kk] dq'kyrk çf'k{k.k] ikfjokfjdftEesnkfj;ksa dks ckaVus] vkSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkk esa Je] ukSdfj;ksa dkeqvkotk vkSj m|ferk fodkl gkfly djus ds fy, efgykvksa vkSj iq#"kksadks leku volj nsaA lEesyu ds fy, rS;kj dh xbZ fjiksVZ esa ,slhuhfr;ksa dk mYys[k Fkk ftudh enn ls jkstxkj voljksa] lkekftdlaj{k.k] lkekftd laokn vkSj dk;ZLFky ij vf/kdkjksa rd igqap cukdjySafxd vlekurk dks de fd;k tk ldsA

lEesyu ds lekiu ij çfrfuf/k;ksa us vf/kd`r vjc {ks=ksa esa Jfedksa dhfLFkfr ij vkbZ,yvks dh gkfy;k fjiksVZ ij ppkZ dhA ;g fjiksVZ ^vf/kd`rvjc {ks=ksa esa ,d fujk'kktud ekuoh;] vkfFkZd o lkekftd fLFkfr]ftl ij Bi iM+h 'kkafr okrkZ dh dkyh Nk;k gS*] dks fpf=r djrh gSA*

lekiu cSBd esa 9 twu dks cykr Je ij vkbZ,yvks dh okf"kZd fjiksVZij ppkZ Hkh dh xbZA n d‚LV v‚Q dksv'ku uke dh bl fjiksVZ esavkdyu fd;k x;k gS fd cykr Je ls çHkkfor Jfedksa ls cy ç;ksxls dk;Z djokus dh ykxr 20 vjc vesfjdh M‚yj ls vf/kd gS ¼ns[ksavxyk ys[k½A

varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu%,d fogaxe –f"V


28

le>kSrksa vkSj flQkfj'kksa ds dk;kZUo;u

ij lEesyu lfefr us djhc 25 ekeyksa dh

tkaap dhA le>kSrksa vkSj flQkfj'kksa ds

dk;kZUo;u ij vkbZ,yvks dh fo'ks"kK

lfefr us bu ekeyksa dks viuh ,d fjiksVZ

esa mfYyf[kr fd;k Fkk vkSj mls lEesyu esa

çLrqr fd;k FkkA

lfefr us cykr Je le>kSrk] 1930 ¼la[;k 29½ ds

lanHkZ esa E;kaekj ds vkosnu ij fo'ks"k cSBd dh vkSj

vkbZ,yvks ds vuqPNsn 33 ds lanHkZ esa bl vkosnu ij

vuqorZu ds çko/kku fd,A

E;kaekj ljdkj }kjk mBk, x, dneksa dks ekU;rk

nsrs gq,] ftuesa cykr Je ij f'kdk;r ç.kkyh dk

foLrkj 'kkfey gS] lfefr us ;g dgus esa ladksp ugha

fd;k fd ;s dne vi;kZIr gSaA lfefr us ljdkj ls

vkxzg fd;k fd og deh'ku v‚Q bUDok;jh dh

flQkfj'kksa vkSj fo'ks"kK lfefr dh fVIif.k;ksa vkSj

çs{k.kks a dks vfoyac ykxw djsA fo'ks"k :i ls] lfefr us

ljdkj ls dgk fd mls vkbZ,yvks ds le>kSrk la[;k

29 ds vuqdwy çklafxd fo/kk;h fo"k;ksa vkSj u, lafo/kku

dks cukus ds fy, vko';d dne mBkus pkfg,] LFkk;h

,oa O;kid Lrj ij QSys cykr Je ds iw.kZ mUewyu dks

lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg,] vkSj cykr Je djokus okys

yksxksa] pkgs os ukxfjd gksa ;k lsuk vf/kdkjh] ij naM

lafgrk ds rgr eqdnek pykuk pkfg, vkSj mUgsa ltk

nsuh pkfg,] ljdkj dh cykr Je mUewyu dh uhfr

vkSj nksf"k;ksa dks nafMr djus ds bjkns ds ckjs esa yksxksa

dks tkudkjh nsus ds fy, vkf/kdkfjd oäO; tkjh

djuk pkfg,] cykr Je ij f'kdk;r ç.kkyh ds

dkedkt ds ckjs esa ljy Hkk"kk esa tkudkjh nsus okyk

czks'kj cukuk pkfg, vkSj cykr Je ds ihfM+rksa ,oa

muds ifjokjksa dks f'kdk;r ntZ djkus esa vkus okyh

fnDdrksa dks nwj djuk pkfg,A

lfefr us E;kaekj esa fujarj ekuokf/kdkjksa ds

mYya?ku] ftlesa vkax lku lw dh dh utjcanh 'kkfey

gS] ij xaHkhj fpark tkfgj dhA lfefr us lw dh vkSj

nwljs jktuhfrd cafn;ksa] lkFk gh Je dk;ZdrkZvksa dks

fjgk djus dk vkxzg fd;kA blds vfrfjä mu yksxksa

dh rRdky fjgkbZ dh Hkh ekax dh xbZ tks f'kdk;r

ç.kkyh ls tqM+s gSa vkSj bl le; canh cuk, x, gSaA

E;kaekj dks laxBu dh Lora=rk vkSj laxfBr gksus ds

vf/kdkj dh lqj{kk ij dsafær le>kSrs] 1948 ¼la[;k

87½ ds fdz;kUo;u esa fujarj foQyrk ds ekeys esa Hkh

lwphc) fd;k x;k gSA lfefr us ;kn fnyk;k fd cykr

Je ds LFkkf;Ro dks] laxBu dh Lora=rk dh iwjh rjg

ls xSjekStwnxh vkSj tks laxfBr gksus dk ç;kl djrs

gSa] mu ij eqdnek pykus ls vyx djds ugha ns[kk tk

ldrkA

lfefr us nks vU; fo'ks"k ekeyksa ij Hkh lEesyu dk

/;ku vkdf"kZr fd;kA bZjku ds ekeys esa] HksnHkko

¼jkstxkj vkSj O;olk;½ le>kSrs] 1958 ¼la[;k 111½ ds

fdz;kUo;u ij ppkZ dh xbZA lfefr us fpark tkfgj dh

fd ogka ds Je cktkj esa efgykvksa dh fLFkfr esa dksbZ

[kkl lq/kkj ugha vk;kA jkstxkj vkSj O;olk; rd

/kkfeZd vkSj tkrh; vYila[;dksa dh leku igqap u gks

ikus ij Hkh lfefr us fpark çdV dhA

LokthySaM ds ekeys esa] lfefr us ljdkj dk

vkºoku fd;k fd mls vius ukxfjd vf/kdkjksa dk

bLrseky djus okys O;fä;ksa] ftUgsa utjcan fd;k x;k

gS] dh fjgkbZ dks lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg,A lfefr us

nq[k tkfgj fd;k fd gkykafd vkbZ,yvks us dqN le;

iwoZ ogka dh ljdkj dks rduhdh lg;ksx çnku fd;k

Fkk] ljdkj us laxBu dh Lora=rk vkSj laxfBr gksus

ds vf/kdkj dh lqj{kk ij dsafær le>kSrs] 1948 ¼la[;k

87½ ds vuq:i fdlh jk"Vªh; dkuwu dks Lohd`r djus

dk dk;Z ugha fd;kA

lEesyu lfefr }kjk bl o"kZ O;kolkf;d lqj{kk o

LokLF; le>kSrk] 1981 ¼la[;k 155½] O;kolkf;d lqj{kk

o LokLF; flQkfj'k] 1981 ¼la[;k 164½ vkSj

O;kolkf;d lqj{kk o LokLF; le>kSrs] 1981 ij 2002

ds çksVksd‚y ij lkekU; losZ{k.k ppkZ dh xbZA lfefr

us ppkZ ds ckn tks fu"d"kZ fn;k] mlesa mlus blls

lacaf/kr mik; dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy, dkjZokbZ

;kstuk r; dhA

varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu ds çeq[k dk;Z gS a]

varjjk"Vªh; Je ekudks a dks Lohd`r djuk vkSj muds

varjjk"Vªh; Je ekud

* vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, fuEufyf[kr osclkbV ns[ksa%

http://www.ilo.org/global/What_we_do/Officialmeetings/ilc/ILCSessions/98thSession/comm_reports/lang--en/index.htm



Qhpj

29

vuqikyu ij utj j[kuk] laxBu dk ctV cukuk

vkSj lapkyu fudk; ds lnL;ks a dks fuokZfpr djukA

o"kZ 1919 ls] lEesyu us fo'o O;kih egRo okys

lkekftd vkSj Je laca/kh eqíks a ij foe'kZ dk

varjjk"Vªh; eap çnku fd;k gSA vkbZ,yvks ds 183

lnL; ns'kks a es a ls çR;sd dks lEesyu esa pkj çfrfuf/k

Hkstus dk vf/kdkj gS% ljdkj dh vksj ls nks çfrfuf/k]

vkSj ,d Jfed o ,d fu;ksäk çfrfuf/k] buesa ls

çR;sd dks cksyus vkSj Lora= :i ls ernku djus dk

vf/kdkj gSA

vkbZ,yvks lapkyu fudk; us u, v/;{k dks pquklaxBu dh Lora=rk ij xfBr lfefr us E;kaekj] dacksfM;k vkSj bZjku dk gokyk fn;k

varjjk"Vªh; Je dk;kZy; ds lapkyu fudk; us czkthy dh jktuf;d vkSjtsusok fLFkr la;qä jk"Vª dk;kZy; esa czkthy dh LFkk;h çfrfuf/k lqJhekfj;k utjsFk Qjkuh vtsosMks dks o"kZ 2009&10 ds l= ds fy, v/;{kpqukA lapkyu fudk; ds 305 osa l= esa vusd çdkj ds nwljs eqíksa ij Hkh ppkZdh xbZ ftlesa laxBu dh Lora=rk ij vkbZ,yvks lfefr dh ,d fjiksVZ'kkfey gSAlqJh vtsosMks ls igys bl in ij Jh tsMftLyko jkikLdh Fks] tksfu'klzhdj.k lEesyu esa iksySaM ds jktuf;d vkSj tsusok fLFkr la;qä jk"Vªdk;kZy; esa iksySaM ds LFkk;h çfrfuf/k FksA mUgksaus 2008&09 ds fy, lapkyufudk; ds v/;{k dk in laHkkyk FkkA o"kZ 2003 ls 2007 ds nkSjku lqJhvtsosMks us fons'kh ekeyksa ds ea=h ds lkFk çR;{k :i ls dk;Z fd;k Fkk]'kq#vkr esa jktuSfrd eqíksa ij muds lykgdkj ds :i esa vkSj fQj o"kZ2005 esa muds LVkQ çeq[k ds :i esaA o"kZ 2004&05 esa] jktuf;d vtsosMksjk"Vªifr yqyk dh mudh igy] ^,sD'ku vxsaLV gaxj ,aM ikoVhZ* esa çeq[kokrkZdkj FkhaA flracj 2008 ls] og tsusok fLFkr la;qä jk"Vª vkSj vU;varjjk"Vªh; dk;kZy;ksa esa czkthy dh LFkk;h çfrfuf/k cuhaAckjckMksl dh odZlZ ;wfu;u ds egklfpo vkSj lapkyu fudk; esa Jfedlewg ds çoäk lj ysj‚; Vª‚VeSu dks Jfedksa dk mi lHkkifr iqufuZokZfprfd;k x;k vkSj vtsaZVhuk dh baMfLVª;y ;wfu;u ds lkekftd uhfr foHkkxds v/;{k vkSj 1995 ls 1998 rd vesfjdh jkT;ksa ds laxBu ds fu;ksäk

lewg ds lHkkifr Jh MSfu;y ¶;wUl n jksftvk dks fu;ksäkvksa dk milHkkifr iqufuZokZfpr fd;k x;kA ;s rhuksa 2009&10 ds l= ds fy, lapkyu fudk; ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds rkSjij dk;Z djsaxsA lapkyu fudk;] vkbZ,yvks dh dk;Zdkjh ifj"kn gS vkSjtsusok esa lky esa rhu ckj bldh cSBd gksrh gSA ;g uhfrxr fu.kZ; ysrhvkSj laxBu ds 183 lnL; ns'kksa ds fy, dk;Zdze vkSj ctV r; djrh gSA varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu esa gqbZ ppkZ ds ckn ljdkj] fu;ksäk vkSj Jfedçfrfuf/k;ksa us oSf'od jkstxkj laf/k dks Lohd`r fd;k vkSj bls fØ;kfUordjus ds fy, rRdky O;kogkfjd mik; djus dk vkºoku fd;kA bl laf/kds ek/;e ls jk"Vªh; ,oa varjjk"Vªh; uhfr;ksa dk ekxZn'kZu fd;k tkrk gSftlls vkfFkZd cgkyh] jkstxkj mRltZu vkSj Je'khy yksxksa o mudsifjokjksa dks lqj{kk çnku dh tk ldsAlapkyu fudk; us laxBu dh Lora=rk ij vkbZ,yvks lfefr dh 354 ohafjiksVZ dks Lohd`r fd;kA viuh cSBd esa lfefr us 26 ekeyksa dh tkap dhAdqy feykdj] lfefr ds ikl vHkh 134 ekeys gSaA lfefr E;kaekj] dacksfM;kvkSj bZjku ds ekeyksa ij fo'ks"k /;ku ns jgh gS ¼vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,fuEufyf[kr osclkbV ns[ksa% http://www.ilo.org/global/About_the_ILO/Media_and_public_information/Press_releases/lang--en/WCMS_108519/index.htm.

© v

kbZ,y

vks QksVks

lj ysj‚; Vª‚VeSu Jh MSfu;y ¶;wUl njksftvk


30

90 ij vkbZ,yvks % ikap egk}hiksa esa lkekftd U;k; ds fy, dk;Zjrvarjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu ds twu l= us

lVhd volj çLrqr fd;k ftles {ks=ksa lslh/ks ;g lquk tk ldrk Fkk fd mUgksausvkbZ,yvks dh 90 oha o"kZxkaB dSls eukbZvkSj Hkfo"; esa os vkbZ,yvks ls D;k vis{kkj[krs gSaA lekjksgksa dk mís'; Fkk LFkkuh;Lrj ij ,d oSf'od lEesyu eukukA blnkSjku 120 ns'kksa esa 200 dk;ZØe gq,ftlesa gtkjksa yksxksa us Hkkx fy;kA buesajk"Vªk/;{kksa vkSj ljdkj çeq[kksa ls ysdjvke yksxksa rd us fgLlsnkjh dhA

vÝhdk ds] 49 ns'kksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu dk;Zdze fd, x,FksA bfFk;ksfi;k esa QksVks çn'kZuh] felz esa flDdksa vkSjMkd fVdVksa dk forj.k] dkaxks yksdrkaf=d x.kjkT; vkSj?kkuk esa yksdfç; çn'kZu] esMkxkLdj vkSj ls'ksYl esamRd`"V dk;Z laca/kh xhrksa dk xk;u] eksjDdks vkSj ukbtjesa fopkj okrkZ,a vkSj cPpksa ds tqywlA dSe:u] ukehfc;kvkSj LokthySaM esa dfork vkSj fuca/k çfr;ksfxrk,a Hkhvk;ksftr dh xbZaA lkFk gh lkFk fxuh esa f=i{kh;ckLdsVc‚y vkSj lwMku esa QqVcky eSp vk;ksftr fd,x,A vYthfj;k esa vkbZ,yvks ds u, dk;ZØe dk 'kqHkkjaHkcsgn Hkkoiw.kZ {k.k FkkA

tSlk fd vÝhdk ds fy, vkbZ,yvks ds {ks=h;funs'kd pkYlZ MSo us bafxr fd;k fd dk;Zdzeksa dhfofHkUurk us rhu cM+h [kwfc;ksa dks js[kkafdr fd;kA lclsigys /;ku dsafær Fkk fd vkt dh vR;ko';dçkFkfedrk,a D;k gSa] eq[;r% vÝhdk ds yksxksa ij oSf'odladV ds nq"ifj.kke D;k gksaxsA Bksl lans'k Fkk ,dlfEefyr çfrfØ;k dk egRo gS tksfd LFkkuh; fodklvkSj ,d lkekftd vFkZO;oLFkk ij vk/kkfjr gksA nwljs]ladV ls mcjus okys ns'kksa esa mRd`"V Je dk;Zdzeksa dksykxw djus dh mHkjrh vR;ko';drk vkSj rhljs]f=i{kh;rk dks fodkl ds ,d 'kfä'kkyh mik; ds :iesa O;kid çksRlkgu nsukA

,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar esa] {ks=h; funs'kd lSfpdks;kekeksrks us dgk] mís'; Fkk Je dh nqfu;k dk] nqfu;kdks csgrj cukus ds fy, dke djukA ,f'k;k esa HkhorZeku vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ladV varfuZfgrfo"k;oLrq ds :i esa lHkh 22 ns'kksa esa lekjksgksa ij Nk;kjgkA vkbZ,yvks 90 ds vk;kstdksa us bl ekSds dk mi;ksxvkbZ,yvks dh fujarj çklafxdrk ds lans'k dk çlkjdjus esa fd;kA blds fy, vU; lgHkkfx;ksa tSls fdokf.kT; ea=ky;] m|ksx vkSj efgyk ekeyksa ds ea=ky;]lekpkj ek/;e vkSj var esa turk ftuesa fd cPps 'kkfey

gSa] rd igaqp cukbZ xbZA blh rjg yscuku esa] ,d mPpLrjh; f=i{kh; dk;Zdze laln esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;k]vkSj tksMZu esa dk;Zdzeksa dk lg çk;kstu vkbZ,yvks vkSjvU; laLFkk lgHkkfx;ksa us fd;kA cM+h la[;k esa jk"Vªk/;{kksavkSj ljdkj çeq[kksa us Hkh Hkkx fy;kA buesa fQyhihal dsjk"Vªifr }kjk dh xbZ ;g uoksUes"kh ?kks"k.kk Hkh 'kkfey gSfd 21 vçSy ls ,d ebZ rd vkbZ,yvks lIrkg euk;ktk,xkA

ySfVu vesfjdk vkSj dSjsfc;kbZ {ks= esa 22 ns'kksa usf=i{kh; dk;Zdzeksa ds lkFk vkbZ,yvks 90 esa Hkkx fy;kA;gka Hkh bl volj dk ubZ lgHkkfxrk,a cukus ds rkSjij mi;ksx fd;k x;k ftuesa mnkgj.k ds fy, lkalnvkSj ;qok 'kkfey FksA cM+h la[;k esa u, çdk'ku vkSjmi;ksxh ikBî lkexzh tkjh dh xbZ ftuesa lkekftdlaj{k.k vkSj Je dkS'ky ds jk"Vªh; f=i{kh; çek.ku dhçfdz;kvksa ls ysdj ,d {ks=h; Je lkaf[;dh; MsVkcslrd 'kkfey FksA bl volj ds fy, ,d Cy‚x dh Hkhjpuk dh xbZ ftlesa v|ru ikjLifjd Kku dkvknku&çnku fd;k x;kA

{ks=h; funs'kd thu eSfuusV us Hkh ladV dh vksj/;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k vkSj ,d csgn Bksl çfrfdz;k dh'kq#vkr vtsaZVhuk dh jk"Vªifr fdz'puj us dh tcmUgksaus vkbZ,yvks dks th &20 ds fopkj foe'kZ dk fgLlkcukus dh t:jr dks js[kkafdr fd;kA mUgsa rqjarczkthfy;kbZ jk"Vªifr ywyk dk leFkZu feyk fd bl laca/kesa ,d la;qä i= fczVsu ds ç/kkuea=h xksMZu czkmu dksHkstk tk,A

;wjksi vkSj e/; ,f'k;k esa] {ks=h; funs'kd is=kmY'kks;Qj us f=i{kh; ?kVdksa ds mRlkg vkSj buesa'kkfey 20 ns'kksa dh mPp Lrjh; Hkkxhnkjh ij tksj nsrsgq, dk;Zdzeksa dh 'kq#vkr dhA dk;Zdzeksa dh fofHkUurk usjk"Vªh; çkFkfedrkvksa dks çfrfcafcr fd;k ysfdu vU;{ks=ksa dh rjQ ;gka Hkh oSf'od ladV dk lanHkZ fn;k x;kvkSj lkekftd U;k; ds fl)kar ij fVds jgus ds egRoij tksj fn;k x;kA

blh çdkj ySfVu vesfjdk esa vkbZ,yvks dk;Zlwph dks{ks=h; vkSj varjjk"Vªh; çfdz;kvksa ls vksr&çksr dj nsusdh ;kstukvksa dks mn?kkfVr fd;k x;kA mnkgj.k ds fy,csfYt;e ds mi ç/kkuea=h us ?kks"k.kk dh fd ;wjksih; la?kdh vkxkeh v/;{krk ds nkSjku mRd`"V dk;Z ,d lclsegRoiw.kZ fo"k;oLrq jgsxkA lHkh ns’kksa esa gq, vk;kstuksadk dsUnz os miyfC/k;ka Fkha] tks fiNys dbZ lkyksa lsvkbZ,yvks ds lg;ksx ds ifj.kkeLo:i izkIr dh xbZ gS]fo’ks"k :i ls vkbZ,yvks ds ewY;ksa vkSj lHkh ns'kksa esamudh izklafxdrk ds lanHkZ esaA ladV ds izfr vkbZ,yvksdh vrhr vkSj orZeku dh izfrfØ;k vkSj vuqdwyu ,oavk/kqfudhdj.k dh mldh {kerk dks js[kkafdr djus dsfy, ;g ukjk ^90 o"kZ ls lkekftd U;k; ds fy, la?k"kZ]*ckj&ckj nksgjk;k x;kA


Qhpj


31

90 ij vkbZ,yvks % ikap egk}hiksa esa lkekftd U;k; ds fy, dk;Zjr

vtsaZVhuk ds jk"Vªifr fØLVhuk QukaZMst n fd'puj th&20 esa vkbZ,yvks dks layXu djus dh ekax djrs gSa] ogmRd`"V Je ij f=i{kh; lsfeukj dk lacksf/kr dj jgs FksA

© vkbZ,yvks@tsusok

felz dh Vdlky us uDdk'kh fd, gq, pkanh dsLekjd flDds tkjh fd, % ^lkekftd U;k; ds fy,dk;Z o"kZxkaB dh fo"k;oLrq ls Hkh vf/kd cu pqdkFkkA ;g vrhr vkSj Hkfo"; ds fy, gekjs vf/kns'kds ckjs esa gekjk ewY;kadu gSA*

© egEen vy gíkn

igyh iSu vÝhdh QksVks çn'kZuh esa nSfud thou vkSj Jeds lkekftd vk;keksa dks fn[kk;k x;k gSA rLohjsa vkBçeq[k vÝhdh QksVksxzkQlZ us yh gSaA

© vkbZ,yvks@bfFk;ksfi;k

czkthy us vkbZ,yvks dh 90 ohalkyfxjg ds fy, Lekjd ewfrZf'kYiHksaV fd;k tksfd nqfu;k Hkj esaf=i{kh;rk dk çfrfuf/kRo djsxkA

© vyslkaæk Mk;l

vkbZ,yvks ds lkekftd U;k; ?kks"k.kki= dksc<+kok nsus ds vfHk;ku dh 'kq#vkr ds ekSdsij mRd`"V Je ds fy, vfHk;ku pykrsfgLlsnkjA

© d¸;we jtk ehj] QksVksQS'ku

dacksfM;k esa vkbZ,yvks dh 90 oha o"kZxkaB dslekjksgksa us LFkkuh; m|ferk vkSj gLrf'kYi;kstuk,a çnf'kZr dha ftUgsa vkbZ,yvks dk leFkZufeykA

© vkbZ,yvks@dacksfM;k

leksvk esa gq, ,d la;qä lekjksgesa ftlesa ljdkjksa vkSj JfedksarFkk fu;ksäkvksa ds laxBuksa us Hkkxfy;k] vkbZ,yvks dh 90 ohao"kZxkaB ds volj ij ,d LekjdMkdfVdV tkjh fd;k x;kA

© dhu ehfM;k] cSadkd

yk[kksa yksxksa us çfr fnu ekLdks ds esVªks LVs'kuksa ij yxsvkbZ,yvks 90 fcycksMksaZ dk voyksdu fd;kA budk lans'k;kf=;ksa dks vkbZ,yvks dh 90oha o"kZxkaB esa Hkkx ysus ds fy,vkeaf=r djrk FkkA

© vkbZ,yvks@ekLdks

tksMZu esa vkbZ,yvks ds f=i{kh; ?kVdksa us 90 oha o"kZxkaB dkscsgrj Je dk;Zdzeksa ij /;ku dsafær djrs gq, euk;kA

© vkbZ,yvks@tksMZu

lkekftd lgHkkfx;ksa us nf{k.k e/; lksekfy;k ds fy, varfjemRd"V Je ns'kh; dk;ZØe dk fodkl fd;k tks fd l'kälqj{kk] 'kkafr vkSj ç'kklu ls lacaf/kr Fkk rkfd jkstxkj dscsgrj volj iSnk gks ldsaA

© eksgEen jkscy gqlSu] lksekfy;k

LFkkuh; laokn dks c<+kok nsus ds mís'; dk oSf'odegRo vkSj çHkko gS] egkfuns'kd dk dFku tks fd blçkFkfed voyksdu esa Hkyh çdkj fy[kk x;k Fkk] {ks=h;funs'kdksa }kjk çnku fd;k x;kA cM+h la[;k esa

xfrfof/k;ka o"kZ ds var rd pyk, tkus dh ;kstuk gSA;s Hkh fo'o Hkj esa QSyh gqbZ gksaxh tks vkbZ,yvks ds lans'k]ewY;ksa vkSj lek/kkuksa dks LFkkuh; vkSj fVdkÅ cukus esaennxkj gksaxhA


fo'o esa cykr Je ds iSVUlZ ij fd, x,,d v/;;u esa vkbZ,yvks us dgk gS fd yksxksals cyiwoZd Je djus dh ^voljoknh ykxr*çfr o"kZ 20 vjc vesfjdh M‚yj ls vf/kdgSA

n d‚LV v‚Q dksv'ku uked bl fjiksVZ 1 esa muvuSfrd] /kks[ks vkSj vkijkf/kd rjhdksa dk ftØ fd;kx;k gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i dksbZ O;fä cykr Je dksck/; gksrk gSA bl fjiksVZ esa bu rjhdksa dks lekIr djusdk vkºoku fd;k x;k gSA lkFk gh] bl fjiksVZ esa cykrJe ¼ftls csxkj Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS½ dks jksdus esavarjjk"Vªh; vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ds ç;klksa esa mYys[kuh;c<+r dk C;kSjk Hkh gSA fjiksVZ esa psrkouh nh xbZ gS fdoSf'od vkfFkZd o jkstxkj ladV dk bl çdkj ds Jeij cqjk vlj iMs+xkA

fjiksVZ dk vuqeku gS fd fofHkUu çdkj ds mRihM+udk ç;ksx djds yksxksa ls Je djokus dh ^voljoknhykxr* çfr o"kZ 20 vjc vesfjdh M‚yj ls vf/kd gSAfjiksVZ esa bls u"V gksus okyh vk; dgk x;k gSA bldslkFk ,d vkfFkZd cgl Hkh 'kq: gksrh gS] lkFk gh uSfrdiz'u Hkh fd ljdkjsa bl eqís dks mPp çkFkfedrk D;ksaugha nsrhaA

;g crkrs gq, fd vusd n'kdksa ls vkfFkZd o foÙkh;ladV ds chp bls tkjh fd;k x;k gS] vkbZ,yvks dkdguk gS fd ^ladV dh fLFkfr;ksa esa] lcls laosnu'khylewg gh lcls T;knk çHkkfor gksrk gSA ,sls le; esa ;glqfuf'pr djuk cgqr t:jh gksrk gS fd lqj{kk mik;ksadh dher ij le>kSrs ugha fd, tkus pkfg, & og Hkh,sls lqj{kk mik;] ftUgsa vkiwfrZ Jà[kyk esa cykr Je vkSjrLdjh dks jksdus ds fy, cgqr esgur ls ykxw fd;kx;k gksA*

v/;;u esa cykr Je dks jksdus dh fn'kk esa fd,tkus okys oSf'od ç;klksa dk fooj.k gSA tcfd cgqr lsns'kksa us dkuwu ykxw djds] cykr Je dks vkijkf/kdd`R; ?kksf"kr dj fn;k gS vkSj mu ns'kksa esa bl çdkj dkJe Nqikdj ugha fd;k tkrk] dbZ ns'kksa esa bl çdkj dsmRihM+u dh igpku djuk eqf'dy gSA

fjiksVZ esa bafxr fd;k x;k gS fd cykr Je dks dedjus vkSj jksdus ds fy, varjjk"Vªh; o jk"Vªh; Lrj dsxgu ç;klksa esa u, dkuwuksa vkSj uhfr;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;ktkuk pkfg, vkSj ftu yksxksa ds cykr Je vkSj rLdjhdk f'kdkj gksus dh vk'kadk gS] mudh lkekftd lqj{kkds fy, çko/kku fd, tkus pkfg,A

^T;knkrj cykr Je fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa djk;k tkrkgS] vDlj vukSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa vkSj detksjlajpuk] Je fujh{k.k vkSj dkuwuh çorZu okys]vyx&Fkyx iM+s {ks=ksa esa*] fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS]^,dhd`r uhfr;ksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa ds ek/;e ls gh ,slhfLFkfr ls fuiVk tk ldrk gSA blds fy, dkuwu çorZudks jksdFkke vkSj lqj{kk ds mik;ksa ds lkFk lfEefyrfd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj mu yksxksa dks l'kä fd;k tkukpkfg, ftuds cykr Je dk f'kdkj gksus dh lokZf/kdvk'kadk gks] ftlls os vius vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk dj ldsaA*

^gesa ;g ugha Hkwyuk pkfg, fd cykr Je ,d xaHkhjvkijkf/kd d`R; gS ftlds fy, naM fn;k tkuk pkfg,A*cykr Je ij dkcw ikus ds fy, vkbZ,yvks ds fo'ks"kdkjZokbZ dk;Zdze ds çeq[k j‚tj IykaV dgrs gSa] ^gesa ;gHkh ;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd cykr Je ij vf/kdrj jk"Vªh;dkuwu cgqr foLrkj ls dqN ugha dgrs ftlls cykr Jeds mu reke çdkjksa dks yf{kr djuk eqf'dy gksrk gStks yksxksa dks mRihfM+r djrs gSaA bu leL;kvksa dks,dhd`r :i ls yf{kr djuk vko';d gS& Je vkSjvkijkf/kd U;k; dk ç;ksx djrs gq,& jksdFkke vkSjdkuwu çorZu ds ek/;e lsA*

© ts-McY;w- Msykuks ,V OgkV dkWLV@vkbZ,yvks

cykr Je dk lkekftdvkSj vkfFkZd ewY;

1 n d‚LV v‚Q dksv'ku]dk;ZLFky ij ewyHkwr fl)karksavkSj vf/kdkjksa ds vkbZ,yvks?kks"k.kki= dh vuqorhZ]oSf'od fjiksVZ] 2009]varjjk"Vªh; Je dk;kZy;]tsusok- vkbZ,lch,u978&92&2&120628&6

Qhpj


32 Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009

dke djus okys gkFkks a dh enn ds fcukHkfo"; dh bekjr dh uhao ugha j[kh tkldrhA vkt reke fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk,atyok;q ifjorZu dh =klnh ls tw> jgh gSaAvxj Hkfo"; dks bl =klnh ls vlj ls eqädjuk gS rks vHkh ls Bksl igy dh tkuhpkfg,A vkSj] bl igy esa Je dh nqfu;k dkslcls igys Hkkxhnkj cuk;k tkuk pkfg,] crkjgh gSa] ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar {ks= ds fy,vkbZ,yvks ds {ks=h; dk;kZy; dh {ks=h;funs'kd lkfpdks ;kekeksVksA

36 o"khZ; ehuk Bkdqj vius ifjokj ds lkFk e/;

çns'k ds tcyiqj ftys esa jgrh gSA mldk ifr ,d

fdlku gS vkSj ekSleh [ksrh djrk gSA ckdh le; og

vkSj ehuk feydj xkscj ds miys cukrs gSa vkSj mUgsa

ikl ds bZaV Hkës esa csp vkrs gSaA LFkkuh; nqX/k m|ksx

dh xk;ksa ds xkscj dk fuLrkj.k djuk] vkl&ikl ds

leqnk;ksa ds fy, fpark dk fo"k; gSA pwafd ;g xkscj

b/kj&m/kj QSydj u dsoy nqxZU/k QSykrk gS vkSj ;gka

dh unh dks nwf"kr djrk gS cfYd blls QSyus okyh

ehFksu xSl okrkoj.k dks çnwf"kr Hkh djrh gSA

blesa dksbZ lansg ugha fd tyok;q ifjorZu ls tqM+s

dk;Zdzeksa vkSj foÙkh; lg;ksx& uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ

¼fjU;w,scy ,uthZ½vkSj thfodksiktZu ds O;kid lk/kuksa

rd igqap dk tcyiqj dk fdlku leqnk; Lokxr

djsxkA ysfdu fQygky vxj ,slh dksbZ igy dh tkrh

gS rks ehuk vkSj mlds ifjokj ij dgj VwV tk,xkA

ehuk gh ugha] bykds ds nwljs fdlkuksa dk gky Hkh

csgky gksxkA vxj ehuk vkSj mlds tSls nwljs fdlkuksa

dks miys cukus ds fy, xkscj u feys] rks bu fdlkuksa

dh jksth&jksVh fNu tk,xhA

ehuk ds ifjokj esa ikap yksx gSaA ehuk] mldk ifr

vkSj rhu cPpsA miys cspdj ;g ifjokj gj eghus rhu

gtkj #i, dekrk gS vkSj mlh esa xqtkjk djrk gSA

D;k ;g ifjokj fdlh Hkh rjg ds cnyko ;k rjDdh

ds fy, rS;kj gS\ vxj mls miys cukus ds fy, xkscj

ugha feyrk] rks og nkus&nkus dk eksgrkt gks tk,xkA

;g ifjokj tyok;q ifjorZu dks ml rjg ugha le>

ldrk] tSls ge le>rs gSaA ysfdu ;g Hkh lp gS fd

mlds lg;ksx ds fcuk] tyok;q ifjorZu dh pqukSrh dks

thfodksiktZu ds csgrj lk/kuksa esa cnyuk laHko ughaA

dkxth le>kSrksa dks tehuh Lrj ds Bksl ifjorZu esa

cnyus ds fy, ;g t:jh gS fd vke vkneh bl

cnyko ds fy, rS;kj gksA

gkykafd vkfFkZd eanh NaV jgh gS] ;g Hkh ,d cgqr

cM+h lPpkbZ gS fd ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar {ks= ds vusd

fodkl'khy ns'kks a esa lkekftd ladV vHkh dk;e gSA

nf{k.k iwohZ ,f'k;k esa tuojh ls flracj rd vkadM+s

crkrs gSa fd ;gka csjkstxkjh 10 çfr'kr rd c<+ xbZ gS

vkSj Je mRikndrk esa 2-5 çfr'kr dh deh vkbZ gSA

vxj csjkstxkjh dk ;g vkye gS rks tyok;q ifjorZu

ij dkSu ckr djuk pkgsxk\

,slh fpark tk;t gS ysfdu blh ds lkFk] dqN

Hkzkafr;ksa dks rksM+k tkuk Hkh t:jh gSA

igyh Hkzkafr rks ;g gS fd vxj ge i;kZoj.k laj{k.k

dh ckr djsaxs] rks lcls igys jkstxkj ij vlj iM+sxkA

'kk;n vkidks ;dhu u gks] ysfdu reke vuqHkoksa ls ;g

lkfcr gqvk gS fd i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ds fy, fd, x,

fuos'k ls jkstxkj dks c<+kok feyrk gSA gks ldrk gS

fd blls Je cktkj dh lajpuk esa FkksM+s cgqr cnyko

vk tk,aA yksx tks dke igys djrs Fks] mldh txg

nwljk dke djus yxsaA ysfdu os jkstxkj ls oafpr ugha

gksaxsA dbZ txgksa ij rks yksxksa dks vf/kd csgrj

jkstxkj djus dk ekSdk feyk gS tks muds fy, vf/kd

vk; dk tfj;k cuk gSA ;kuh vFkZO;oLFkk ds gfjr {ks=

tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj jkstxkj

33Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009

Qhpj


ls çR;{k ;k vçR;{k :i ls jkstxkj l`tu dks c<+kok

feyrk gSA ,p,lchlh dk ,d losZ{k.k Hkh ;gh crkrk

gSA bl losZ{k.k ds vuqlkj] fo'o Lrj ij fuEu dkcZu

mRikn vkSj lsokvksa okys m|ksx] ,;jksLisl vkSj j{kk

m|ksxksa] nksuksa ds eqdkcys T;knk equkQk dek jgs gSaA

nwljh Hkzkafr ;g gS fd i;kZoj.k ls tqM+s dk;Zdzeksa ij

/ku [kpZ djuk iM+rk gSA ij ,slk ugha gSA ÅtkZ cpkus

okys midj.kksa ds ç;ksx ls lalk/kuksa dk nh?kZdkyhu

çca/ku gksrk gS vkSj ?kjsyw dk;Z ds rjhdksa esa Hkh lq/kkj

vkrk gSA fodkl'khy ns'kks a esa ,sls mik;ksa ls okrkoj.k

dks çnwf"kr djus okyh xSlksa dk fjlko de gqvk gS

ysfdu jkstxkj dks dksbZ uqdlku ugha gqvk gSA

buds vfrfjä] ,d vkSj ckr gSA vDlj ,slk ekuk

tkrk gS fd i;kZoj.k vkSj tyok;q tSls elyksa ls vke

vkneh dk dksbZ ljksdkj ughaA ;g flQZ fo'ks"kKksa dh

fpark dk fo"k; gS vkSj bUgsa i;kZoj.kfon ;k

le>kSrkdkj gh lqy>k ldrs gSaA ysfdu ;g lgh ugha

gSA fQj ge pkgsa ;k u pkgsa] tyok;q esa cnyko gksxk

vkSj og Hkh] bl vk/kkj ij fd ge dSls mRikn cukrs

gSa] dSls mudk miHkksx djrs gSa vkSj dSls viuh thfodk

pykrs gSaA blls vFkZO;oLFkk ds çR;sd {ks= ij vlj

gksxk] lHkh ns'kks a esa] lHkh yksxksa ijA

bl fn'kk esa ljdkj çfrc)rk fn[kk,xh] ysfdu

blds fy, mls lekt ds lHkh rcdksa dk lg;ksx

feyuk pkfg,A ;qok vkSj o`)] iq#"k vkSj efgyk] xjhc

vkSj vehj] 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k] dkexkj vkSj fu;ksäk]

lHkh dkA tc bl fo"k; esa cM+s dkaÝsal g‚Yl esa ppkZ

gksrh gS rks ehuk tSls yksxksa dh vkokt ml foe'kZ dk

fgLlk ugha cu ikrhA vxj i;kZoj.k laj{k.k dh fn'kk

esa Bksl dk;Z djuk gS rks mu yksxksa dks bl dk;Z esa

'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftudk thou lcls igys

çHkkfor gksrk gSA

gka] ,d vPNh [kcj ;g gS fd Je dh nqfu;k us ;g

ckr le> yh gSA bl lky twu esa vkbZ,yvks us Xykscy

t‚Cl iSDV uke dh ,d laf/k dh gS ftlesa fuEu dkcZu]

i;kZoj.k fe= vFkZO;oLFkk dh odkyr dh xbZ gS vkSj

mls jkstxkj cgkyh dk ek/;e cuk;k x;k gSA ;s

jkstxkj xzhu t‚Cl dgykrs gSa tks mRd`"V jkstxkj ds

vykok gfjr vFkZO;oLFkk dks cy nsrs gSaA

ehuk vkSj mlds tSls nwljs yksxksa ds fy, bldk vFkZ

;g gS fd mUgsa vius ekStwnk jkstxkj dk ,d fodYi

ryk'kus esa rduhdh vkSj foÙkh; enn nh tk,A tSls

mUgsa Ms;jh çlaLdj.k tSls ewY; laof/kZr dk;Z fn,

tk,aA ;s mRd`"V jkstxkj gksxk vkSj muds thou Lrj

esa lq/kkj yk,xkA

;kn jf[k,& dke djus okys gkFkks a dh enn ds fcuk

Hkfo"; dh bekjr dh uhao ugha j[kh tk ldrhA blds

fy, ;g t:jh gS fd mUgsa le>k;k tk,A blh ls

vkfFkZd cgkyh laHko gksxh vkSj i;kZoj.k laj{k.k Hkh

gksxkA pwafd jkstxkj vkSj gfjr jkstxkj] ,d gh flDds

ds nks igyw gSaA


'kckuk iVsy vkSj vk'kk jeS ;kA nks vyx&vyxukeA vyx&vyx /keZA vyx&vyx igpkuA ijfdLlk ,d--- nnZ ,d vkSj vnE; ftthfo"kk Hkh ,dlhA 'kckuk vkSj vk'kk] nksuksa ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo gSavkSj nksuksa gh ,d i‚ftfVo ykbQ th jgh gSaA nwljksads fy, çsj.kk gSa] mu yksxksa ds fy, tks ftanxh dhgj NksVh&cM+h eqf'dyksa esa gkjdj cSB tkrs gSaA

gky gh esa varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu ds ,d dk;Zdze esa Hkkxysus ds fy, nksuksa vius&vius 'kgjksa ls fnYyh ¼Hkkjr½ igqaphFkhaA nksuksa yacs le; ls vius leqnk; ds chp ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVoyksxksa ds fy, dke dj jgh gSaA yksxksa dks bl voLFkk] os blsvoLFkk gh dgrh gSa] ds ckjs esa tkx:d djrh gSa vkSj ,pvkbZohls ladzfer yksxksa ds vf/kdkjksa ds fy, la?k"kZ djrh gSaAvarjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu ds ,pvkbZoh@,M~l dk;dze ds rgrbu nksuksa us blls lacaf/kr çf'k{k.k Hkh gkfly fd;k gSA

^gekjs ijaijkxr lekt esa ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo dk eryc gS]ml 'k[l dk frjLdkj vkSj pfj= guuA blds ckn mldslkFk NqvkNwr vkSj HksnHkkoA vDlj ;g Hkh eku fy;k tkrk gSfd ,pvkbZoh vkSj ,M~l nksuksa ,d lh chekfj;ka gSaA cgqr lsyksx ;g ugha le> ikrs fd ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo ,d voLFkk gSftlesa O;fä cgqr yacs le; rd] dbZ ckj 10&15 lky Hkh]jg ldrk gSA gj ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo dks ,M~l gks tk,& ;gHkh t:jh ughaA^ 'kckuk dgrh gSaA

'kckuk iVsy] eqacbZ dh eqyxhA mez 30 lky] galdj dgrhgSa] ^30 lky blh vDVwcj esa iwjs gq, gSaA tc ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVogksus ds ckjs esa irk pyk Fkk] rc esjh mez 17 lky FkhA M‚DVjus dgk Fkk] nks eghus ls T;knk th ugha ikvksxhA^

'kckuk dh 'kknh 1994 esa eqacbZ ds ÝwV ekdsZV esa dke djusokys dSf'k;j ls gqbZ FkhA rhu lky rd lc dqN Bhd&BkdjgkA 1998 esa ifr vpkud chekj jgus yxs] rks tkap djkbZxbZA irk pyk fd og ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo gSaA llqjkfy;ksa us'kckuk dks rkus nsus 'kq: fd,A eqacbZ tSls cM+s 'kgj dh yM+dhgS] pfj=ghu gksxhA bl ykaNu dk tokc 'kckuk ds firk vkSjmudh HkkHkh us fn;kA os mUgsa ?kj ys vk,A 'kckuk dgrh gSa] ^nkseghus ckn esjs ifr dh ekSr gks xbZA blds ckn esjs ekrk&firkus esjk [kkl [;ky j[kuk 'kq: dj fn;kA^

'kckuk ds thou esa cnyko rc vk;k] tc og ,d ,pvkbZoh

i‚ftfVo O;fä ls feyhaA og LFkkuh; Lrj ij ,sls yksxksa dslkFk dke djrs FksA mUgksaus 'kckuk dh enn dhA og dgrh gSa]êqacbZ dh yksdy Vªsu esa p<+us rd ls Mj yxrk Fkk eq>sA ysfdublds ckn eSaus [kqn vius iSjksa ij [kM+s gksus dh dksf'k'k dhAfiNys lky ls eSa esfMds'ku ij gwa vkSj ,dne LoLFkA*

;g foMacuk gh gS fd ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo T;knkrj efgykvksadks ;g laØe.k vius ifr;ksa ls feyrk gSA ysfdu ykaNu dhHkkxh ogh gksrh gSaA 'kckuk dgrh gSa] êsjs ifr dks nks lky igysgh irk py pqdk Fkk fd og ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo gSa ysfdumUgksaus eq>s bl ckjs esa ugha crk;k] u gh lsQ lsDl dh dksf'k'kdhA brus lkyksa ckn eSaus mUgsa bl ckr ds fy, ekQ dj fn;kysfdu esjs llqjkyh vc Hkh eq>s gh nks"kh ekurs gSaA*

csaxywj dh vk'kk jeS;k us rks bl ykaNu ds pyrs 'kkjhfjdmRihM+u Hkh lgkA ikap eghus dh 'kknh ds ckn gh mUgsa irkpyk fd og ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo gSaA ;g 1995 dh ckr gSA ifrdh dqN gh eghuksa ds Hkhrj ekSr gks xbZA vk'kk dgrh gSa] ^mulsru t:j tqM+k Fkk] ij eu ughaA mudh ekSr ij esjh vka[k ls,d vkalw ugha fudykA blds ckn esjs llqj us eq>s cgqr ihVkA?kj ls fudky fn;kA mUgsa yxrk Fkk fd muds gês&dês csVsdks eSaus ;g chekjh nh FkhA ij eSa tkurh Fkh fd eSa dSls laØfergqbZ FkhA*

vius ?kj igqaph rks ogka Hkh nks NksVh cgus FkhaA ekrk&firkMjrs Fks] vc mudh 'kknh dSls gksxh\ fQj Hkh mUgksaus vk'kk dksviuk;kA eka us cgqr fgEer fnykbZA blds ckn vk'kk us ukSdjhdjuh 'kq: dhA ,d ,uthvks ^lej{kk* dh lnL; cuhaA nllky igys bySaxks uked ,d ,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo 'k[l us mudslkeus 'kknh dk çLrko j[kkA og jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ,pvkbZohi‚ftfVo yksxksa ds fy, vkbZ,uih Iyl uke dk laxBu pykrsgSaA vk'kk us fgpdrs gq, bySaxks dk çLrko Lohdkj fd;kA vcog vkB lky ds ,d cPps dh eka gSa vkSj mudk csVk ,pvkbZohlaØfer ugha gSA

,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo gksus ds ckotwn vk'kk iwjh rjg ls LoLFkgSa vkSj fdlh rjg dh nok oxSjg ugha ysrhaA og dgrh gSa] êSausvius firk ls dgk Fkk&êSa ejus okyh ugha gwaA esjs vanj thusdh fgEer gSA eSa tkurh gwaA la?k"kZ djds thuk] T;knk fgEerdk dke gSA* vkSj vk'kk us ;g dj fn[kk;kA

,pvkbZoh i‚ftfVo] ykbQ Hkh i‚ftfVo

35Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009

'kckuk

vk'kk

egk}hiksa ds bnZ fxnZ

Qhpj



37

lkekftd laj{k.kij nf{k.k&nf{k.klg;ksx■ varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu ds twu 2009ds l= esa czkthy ljdkj vkSj vkbZ,yvks uslkekftd laj{k.k ij nf{k.k&nf{k.k leUo;dk;Zdze ij gLrk{kj fd,A ;g le>kSrkjk"Vªifr yqbt bukflvks yqyk n flYok dhml çfrc)rk ls çsfjr Fkk] tks mUgksausySfVu vesfjdh] dSjsfc;kbZ] vÝhdh vkSj,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa ds ç;klksa dks leFkZu nsus dsfy, trkbZ FkhA ;s ns'k ijLij lg;ksx vkSjHkkbZpkjs dh Hkkouk ds ek/;e ls mRd`"V JevkSj lkekftd U;k; dks çksRlkfgr djus dkç;kl dj jgs gSaA bl dk;ZØe ds nLrkostesa 22 ekpZ 2009 dks vkbZ,yvks egkfuns'kdgqvku lksekfo;k vkSj czkthy ds fons'khekeyksa ds ea=h lsylks veksfje }kjkgLrk{kfjr vuqiwjd le>kSrs dk vuqyXudgSA bl vuqyXud esa mRd`"V Je dk;Zlwphds lajpuk esa vkus okys lkekftd laj{k.kds nk;js vkSj çHkko dks c<+kus ds çko/kku

ySfVu vesfjdk esadk;Z vkSj ifjokj■ ySfVu vesfjdk vkSj dSjsfc;kbZ ns'kksa esaJe'kfä esa efgyk,a cM+s iSekus ij ekStwn gSaAblfy, muds fy, ;g eqf'dy gks jgk gS fdos dke vkSj ikfjokfjd ftanxh ds chp dSlslarqyu cuk,aA ogka Hkh ijaijkxr :i lsefgykvksa ds fy, ifjokj ,d cgqr cM+hftEesnkjh gksrs gSaA ySafxd lekurk vkSj vf/kdmRiknd vFkZO;oLFkk cukus ds fy, ;gvko';d gS fd bl pqukSrh ls fuiVk tk,AvkbZ,yvks vkSj ;w,uMhih dh ,d la;qäfjiksVZ esa ;g dgk x;k gSA odZ ,aM QSfeyh%v U;w d‚y Q‚j ifCyd i‚fylht v‚QjhdUlhfy,'ku foFk lks'ky dksfjLikaflfcfyVhuked bl fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd bl {ks=dh 10 djksM+ ls T;knk efgyk,a dke djrhgSaA fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] ySfVu vesfjdk vkSjdSjsfc;kbZ ns'kksa dh 53 çfr'kr efgyk,aJe'kfä dk fgLlk gSa vkSj vxj 20 ls 40o"kZ ds chp dh efgykvksa dks bl lwph esa j[kktk, rks ;g çfr'kr 70 rd igqap tkrk gSAgkykafd ;g ,d ldkjkRed ckr gS D;ksafdbl çdkj bu ns'kksa esa lef) vkrh gS] ifjokjksadk dY;k.k gksrk gS vkSj xjhch de gksrh gSA

vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,] di;k ySfVuvesfjdk vkSj dSjsfc;kbZ {ks= ds {ks=h;dk;kZy; ls [email protected] ij laidZdjsaA

'kkfey gSaA czkthy ljdkj ySfVu vesfjdkvkSj vÝhdk ,oa ,f'k;k ds iqrZxkyh Hkk"khns'kksa esa lkekftd laj{k.k ;kstukvksa ls çkIrf'k{kk vkSj vPNh ijaijkvksa dks çksRlkfgrdjuk pkgrh gSA

vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,] di;k ySfVuvesfjdk vkSj dSjsfc;kbZ {ks= ds {ks=h; dk;kZy;ls [email protected] ij laidZ djsaA

o`) gksrh Je'kfäij O;olk; txrdh çfrfØ;k■ varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu ¼vkbZ,yvks½ dsC;wjks v‚Q bEIy‚;tZ ,fDVfoVht us 28&29vçSy dks ,d lsfeukj dk vk;kstu fd;kftlesa ;g ppkZ dh xbZ fd O;olk; txrdks fdl çdkj o) gksrh Je'kfä ds lkeusvkus okyh pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVuk pkfg, vkSjlkekftd laj{k.k ç.kkfy;ksa dks nq#Lr j[kusds fy, D;k mik; fd, tkus pkfg,AHkkSxksfyd pqukSfr;ksa ij dkjksckjh çfrfdz;k

© t

s-esykMZ@

vkbZ,y

vks

varjjk”Vªh; Je laxBu vkSj nqfu;k esa ?kV jghvkbZ,yvks ls lacaf/kr xfrfof/k;ksa vkSj ?kVukvksa dhfu;fer leh{kk




38

tSls eqís ij dsafær bl varjjk"Vªh; laxks"Bhesa 23 ns'kksa ds dkjksckjh çfrfuf/k;ksa ls fgLlkfy;kA laxks"Bh esa dk;ZLFkyh; mik;ksa ijppkZ dh xbZ vkSj fopkj fd;k x;k fd dkSulh uhfr;ksa dks viuk;k tkuk pkfg,A tSlsvf/kd ls vf/kd yksx lsokfuoÙk gksrs gSa vkSjyach ftanxh thrs gSa] Je cktkj esa nkf[kygksus okys ;qokvksa dh la[;k de gS vkSj osckn dh mez esa Je'kfä dk fgLlk curs gSaAc<+rh ekax vkSj va'knku esa de gksrs ;ksxnkudh bl çofÙk ls lHkh txgksa ij lkekftdlaj{k.k dh nh?kZdkfydrk çHkkfor gks jgh gS]fo'ks"k :i ls LokLF; vkSj o)koLFkk ykHkksa dslanHkZ esaA ,slk vuqeku gS fd o"kZ 2045 rd]fo'o Hkj esa 60 o"kZ ls vf/kd vk;q okys yksxksadh la[;k] 15 o"kZ ls de vk;q okys cPpksa dseqdkcys T;knk gksxhA

vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,] di;k vkbZ,yvksds C;wjks v‚Q bEIy‚;tZ ,fDVfoVht [email protected]. ij laidZ djsaA

ekynho vkbZ,yvksdk 183oka lnL;cuk

■ ekynho ds jk"Vªifr ds fy[ks i=] fd

ekynho ljdkj us vkbZ,yvks lafo/kku dh

ck/;rkvksa dks vkSipfjd :i ls Lohdkj

dj fy;k gS] dks tsusok fLFkr vkbZ,yvks

dk;kZy; }kjk çkIr djus ds ckn ekynho

x.kjkT; vkbZ,yvks dk 183 oka lnL; cu

x;kA ekynho dh lnL;rk 15 ebZ 2009

ls çHkkoh gks tk,xhA oSls ekynho 21

flracj 1965 ls la;qä jk"Vª dk lnL;

gSA

tkiku@vkbZ,yvksdh lgHkkfxrk■ varjjk"Vªh; Je laxBu ¼vkbZ,yvks½ dkstkiku ljdkj ds lg;ksx dh 35 oha o"kZxkaBds volj ij tsusok] fLoV~tjySaM fLFkrvkbZ,yvks eq[;ky; esa 9&30 twu ds nkSjkuesa ,d çn'kZuh dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA blçn'kZuh esa tkiku ljdkj vkSj vkbZ,yvks dschp yacs le; ls pys vk jgs leUo; dhvuq'kalk dh xbZ fd fdl çdkj ,f'k;k vkSjç'kkar esa lHkh yksxksa ds fy, mRd`"V Je dsy{; dks ikus ds fy, tkiku vkSj vkbZ,yvksdk;Z dj jgs gSaA blesa mu reke {ks=ksa dkmYys[k fd;k x;k ftuesa ijLij lg;ksxfd;k tk jgk gS] tSls csjkstxkjh vkSjvYicsjkstxkjh ij dkcw ikuk] efgykvksa dsfy, jkstxkj ds voljksa dk l`tu]dk;ZLFky ij O;olk;xr lqj{kk o LokLF;vkSj lhek ikjh; çokl dks çcaf/kr djukAtkiku ljdkj o"kZ 1974 ls LokLF;] JevkSj dY;k.k ea=ky; ds ek/;e lsvkbZ,yvks& tks fd Je vkSj dk;ZLFkyh;eqíksa ij dk;Z djus okyh la;qä jk"Vª dhfo'ks"kKrk çkIr ,tsalh gS& dks foÙkh;lg;ksx çnku dj jgh gSA nksuksa ds chp bllg;ksx dh 'kq#vkr uoacj 1974 esa VksD;ksesa vk;ksftr ,f'k;kbZ {ks=h; efgyk Jeç'kklu lEesyu ls gqbZ Fkh vkSj blds cknls ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar esa Jfedksa dh cnyrht:jrksa vkSj {ks= esa mRd`"V Je dk;Zlwphdh t:jr dks eglwl djus ds y{; ijfujarj dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSA bl leUo;dk;Zdze dks vc vkbZ,yvks@tkikucgqi{kh; dk;ZØe ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSvkSj ;g cSadkd esa ,f'k;k vkSj ç'kkar {ks= dsvkbZ,yvks dk;kZy; esa fLFkr gSA

vkbZ,yvks&vkbZ,Qlh dk csgrj dk;Z dk;Zdze

vkbZ,Qlh] fo'o cSad ds lnL;] vkSj varjjk"Vªh;Je laxBu ¼vkbZ,yvks½ oSf'od vkiwfrZ Jà[kykvksaesa Je ekudksa ds fy, ,d lgHkkfxrk dj jgs gSa]ftls csgrj dk;Z dk;ZØe dgk x;k gSA blls 12yk[k Jfedksa dk thou çHkkfor gksxkA fiNyh ebZesa] bu nksuksa laxBuksa us ,d leUo; le>kSrs ijgLrk{kj fd, ftlls Je ekudksa esa lq/kkj ds,dhd`r ç;kl fd, tk,axs vkSj dk;Z dh csgrjfLFkfr;ksa ds fy, dkjksckj dks çksRlkfgr fd;ktk,xkA bl çdkj csgrj dk;Z dk;ZØe ds fy,ladV ds nkSj esa cktkj dh fLFkfr;ksa esa vk,cnykoksa ij rRdky çfrfdz;k nsuk vklku gksxkA bl igy ds igys pj.k esa tksMZu] fo;ruke vkSjgSrh ds xkjesaV m|ksxksa esa csgrj dk;Z ds oSf'oddk;Zdze vkSj xfrfof/k;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh xbZAnwljs pj.k esa 80 çfr'kr ç;kl ,isjy m|ksx esaHkkxhnkjh ds fy, fd, tk,axs tcfd 20 çfr'krç;kl u, m|ksxksa ds oSfo/;hdj.k vkSj Je ekudksads vuqdwy lq/kkj ykus ds fy, csgrj dk;Z ds

mik;ksa rd igqap c<+kus gsrq fd, tk,axsA ;gigy tqykbZ 2009 esa dh xbZ vkSj ;g rhu o"kZdh vof/k okyh gksxhAcsgrj dk;Z ds oSf'od dk;Zdze dks fuEufyf[krns'kksa dk leFkZu gkfly gS % uhnjySaM~l] teZuh]fLoV~tjySaM] vk;jySaM] tkiku] ukosZ] yDlecxZ]bVyh] U;wtySaMA ns'kh; dk;Zdze dks fuEufyf[krns'kksa dk leFkZu çkIr gS % vesfjdk] tksMZu]v‚LVªsfy;k] dukMk] ;wjksih; la?k] fQuySaM]vk;jySaM] tkiku] U;wthySaM] uhnjySaM~l] ukosZ]LohMu vkSj fLoV~tjySaMA bl dk;Zdze dks ysokbLVªkml QkmaMs'ku] t‚Ul ,isjsy xzqi] lh;lZgksfYMax xzqi vkSj o‚yekVZ ds vuqnkuksa ds lkFk;qukbVsM LVsV~l dkmafly QkmaMs'ku dsfuth&lkoZtfud ;ksxnku }kjk Hkh leFkZu çkIrgSA

vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, fuEufyf[kr osclkbVns[ksa http://www.betterwork.org.

© ih-M

syksp

@vkbZ,y

vks

© t

s- esy

kMZ@

vkbZ,y

vks


Qhpj


39

egkfoink jkgr ijvkbZ,yvks&fo'ocSad dk leUo;■ o"kZ 1980 ls 2007 ds chp] yxHkx 8400çkd`frd vkinkvksa ds dkj.k 20 yk[k yksxksadh tkusa xbZa vkSj djksM+ksa vesfjdh M‚yj dkvkfFkZd uqdlku gqvkA çkd`frd vkinkvksads ifj.kkeksa vkSj mlds i'pkrthfodksiktZu ds lk/kuksa ds iqufuZekZ.k dsfy, vkbZ,yvks vkSj fo'o cSad us ijLijlg;ksx gsrq fiNys twu esa la;qä c;ku tkjhfd;kA Xykscy IysVQkeZ Q‚j fMtktLVjfjLd fjMD'ku ds nwljs l= ds nkSjku tsusokesa bl c;ku ij gLrk{kj fd, x,A tcfdnksuksa laxBu vkink mijkar jkgr oiqufuZekZ.k dk;Zdzeksa esa igys ls lg;ksx djjgs gSa] ;g la;qä c;ku vkink dh vk'kadkokys ns'kksa esa thfodksiktZu ds lk/kuksa ijvkus okys ladV dks tehuh Lrj ij dedjus ds fy, ubZ igy dks çksRlkfgr djsxk]vkink mijkar cgkyh dk;Zdzeksa dks xfr nsxkvkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ls tqM+h pqukSfr;ksa dseísutj thfodksiktZu mik;ksa dh rS;kjhdjsxkA

gfjr jkstxkj ijvkbZ,yvks dk u;kczks'kj

■ gfjr jkstxkj vf/kd nh?kZdkfydvFkZO;oLFkk vkSj ml lekt dk çrhd cux, gSa tks ekStwnk vkSj Hkfo"; dh ih<+h dsfy, i;kZoj.k laj{k.k djuk pkgrs gSa]

lerkewyd gSa vkSj lHkh yksxksa vkSj lHkhns'kksa dks lfEefyr djuk pkgrs gSaAvkbZ,yvks dk u;k czks'kj ;g crkrk gS fdgfjr jkstxkj ij vkbZ,yvks dk oSf'oddk;Zdze D;k gS] bls D;ksa rS;kj fd;k x;kgS vkSj ;g D;k djrk gSA i;kZoj.k vkSjlekt ds fy, ekStwnk vFkZO;oLFkk dk fuEudkcZu okyh vFkZO;oLFkk esa :ikarj.k D;ksaegRoiw.kZ gSA m|eksa vkSj Je cktkj ds fy,bl :ikarj.k ds D;k ek;us gSaA gfjrjkstxkj ls vkbZ,yvks dk D;k rkRi;Z gSAfdl çdkj gfjr jkstxkj vkSj m|eksa dksgfjr cukus ls lkekftd vkSj i;kZoj.kh;

© Vh-

Qsfy

t@

vkbZ,y

vks

dkaxzsl lsaVªy M‚lsyMksQ] teZuh esa bafIyesafVax v‚D;wis'kuy ls¶Vh ,aM ls¶Vh LVSaMM~lZ Xykscyh bu Vkbe v‚Qdzkbfll uked fo"k; ds varxZr varjjk"Vªh; vkbZ,yvks lqj{kk vkSj LokLF; lEesyu vk;ksftr fd;k tk,xkftlesa 60 ns'kksa ds 300 yksx Hkkx ysaxsA ;g vk;kstu ,$, esls M‚lsyMksQ baVjus'kuy VªsM Qs;j ,aM dkaxzslds nkSjku fd;k tk,xkA ;gka uhfr fu/kkZjd] lkekftd Hkkxhnkj] cgqjk"Vªh; m|eksa ds lhbZvks] Jfed çfrfuf/k]Je fujh{kd] jksdFkke vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk fo'ks"kK] çSDVh'kulZ vkSj xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa ds dk;ZdrkZfuEufyf[kr ç'u dk mÙkj nsaxs % vkbZ,yvks vkSj mlds lgHkkxh oSf'od foÙkh; ladV ds nkSjku esa Hkh] lqjf{krvkSj LoLFk dk;ZLFky ds vf/kdkj dk nkok djus esa dSls enn djsaxs\

3&6 uoacj 2009dkaxzsl lsaVªy M‚lsyMksQteZuh

ladV ds nkSj esa O;olk;xr lqj{kk vkSj LokLF; ekudksa dk fo'oO;kih dk;kZUo;u


pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSjfdl çdkj vkbZ,yvks lgHkkfxrkvksa ds ek/;els vius oSf'od dk;Zdze dk xBu vkSjmldk dk;kZUo;u dj jgk gSA bl czks'kj esavf/kd lwpuk ds fy, lalk/kuksa ds laidZ lw=vkSj fyad fn, x, gSaA

vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,] dì;k fuEufyf[krosclkbV ns[ksahttp://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/p u b s / l a n g - - e n / d o c N a m e - -WCMS_107815/index.htm

fMtkbu ds 'kq#vkrh pj.k ls ysdj laiw.kZ rduhdh ;kstuk]dk;Z ds laxBu] dk;Z vuqikyu çfdz;kvksa vkSj dk;ZLFkyç'kklu rFkk fjiksVZ nsuk vkSj fu;a=.k 'kkfey gksrs gSaA

■ daiksfM;e v‚Q esjhVkbe yscj

baLVªwes aV~l

eSjhVkbe yscj duosa'ku] 2006] lh

Qs;jlZ vkbMsafVVh M‚D;wesaV~l ¼fjokbTM½

duosa'ku] 2003] odZ ,V fQf'kax dUosa'ku

,aM fjdesaMs'ku] 2007 vkbZ,lch,u

978&92&2&120612&5] tsusok] vkbZ,yvks 2008- Ýsap vkSj

LiSfu'k esa Hkh miyC/k- 35 vesfjdh M‚yj] 23 ;wjks] 35 fLol

ÝSaDl

lkeqfæd Je le>kSrk] 2006 tksfd ,d egRoiw.kZ u;k

varjjk"Vªh; Je le>kSrk gS] varjjk"Vªh; Je lEesyu }kjk

vius 94 osa ¼lkeqfæd½ l= esa Lohd`r fd;k x;k FkkA çk;%

ukSogudfeZ;ksa ds vf/kdkjksa dk fo/ks;d dgk tkus okyk

le>kSrk ukSogudfeZ;ksa dh Je dh mRd`"V ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk

fu/kkZj.k djrk gS vkSj tgkt ekfydksa ds fy, fu"i{k

çfr;ksfxrk ds fy, ifjfLFkfr;ka LFkkfir djus esa enn djrk

gSA bldh :ijs[kk ,d oSf'od dkuwuh mik; ds :i esa cukbZ

xbZ gS tks fd xq.koÙkk iw.kZ ukSogu ds fy, varjjk"Vªh;

fofu;ked ra= dk pkSFkk LraHk cu tk,xk vkSj varjjk"Vªh;

lkeqfæd laxBu ¼vkbZ,evks½ ds çeq[k le>kSrksa dks laiw.kZ

cuk,xkA le>kSrs esa oSf'od ekudksa dk ,d O;kid lewg gS

ftlesa yxHkx lHkh orZeku lkeqfæd Je le>kSrs vkSj

flQkfj'ksa 'kkfey gSa ftUgsa fd 1920 ls vkt rd Lohd`r

fd;k x;k gSA vc bUgsa ,d u, mik;] u, :i vkSj t:jrksa

ds vuq:i ,d= fd;k x;k gS tks m|ksx esa vk/kqfud

ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks çfrfcafcr djrs gSaA

■ n dkLV v‚Q dksv'ku

Xykscy fjiksVZ vaMj n Q‚yks vi Vq n

vkbZ,yvks fMDyjs'ku v‚u QaMkesaVy

fçafliYl ,aM jkbV~l ,V odZ] 2009]

baVjus'kuy yscj dkaÝsal] 98 ls'ku

2009] fjiksVZ 1 ¼ch½- vkbZ,lch,u

978&92&2&120628&6] tsusok] vkbZ,yvks 2009- Ýsap]

LiSfu'k] vjch] phuh] teZu vkSj :lh esa Hkh miyC/k- 35

vesfjdh M‚yj] 23 ;wjks] 35 fLol ÝSaDl

;g oSf'od fjiksVZ vkt dh oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk esa cykr

Je ij u;k çdk'k Mkyrh gSA ;g cykr Je ds f[kykQ

oSf'od xBca/ku esa 'kkfey vusd dk;ZdrkZvksa vkSj laLFkkuksa

ds lkeus vkbZ Hk;Hkhr dj nsus okyh pqukSfr;ksa dk ijh{k.k

djrh gSA buesa oSpkfjd] jktuhfrd ls ysdj] dkuwuh

oS/kkfud vkSj lkaLFkkfud pqukSfr;ka 'kkfey gaSA ;g fn[kkrh

gS fd dSls vHkh rd pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk fd;k x;k gS] çk;%

vkbZ,yvks ds leFkZu ;k layXurk ls] vkSj mÙke çfrfØ;kvksa

ds egRoiw.kZ mnkgj.kksa dh vkSj bafxr djrh gS tksfd cykr

Je ds lHkh :iksa ls fuiVus ds ç;klksa esa Hkfo"; ds

ekxZn'kZuksa dk dke djrh gSaA ;g Je ç'kklu vkSj

egkfujh{k.kky; dh t:jr dks js[kkafdr djrh gS tks fd

40

■ fcfYMax MhlsaV lkslk;Vht-

jhfFkafdax n jksy v‚Q lks'ky flD;ksfjVh

bu MsoyiesaV

ihVj VkmulsaM }kjk laikfnr-

vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&121995&8]

tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009- 105 vesfjdh

M‚yj] 75 ;wjks] 110 fLol ÝSaDl

oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk dh eanh us lkjh nqfu;k esa xjhch vkSj

csjkstxkjh dh leL;kvksa dks cnrj cuk fn;k gSA ;g iqLrd

lHkh ns'kksa esa fodflr fd, tkus ds fy, ,d O;kid lkekftd

lqj{kk ra= cukus dh odkyr djrh gS ftlesa lcls xjhc ns'k

'kkfey gksa rkfd xjhch dh fodV fLFkfr;ksa dk mUewyu gks]

rkfd c<+rh vlekurk dks iyVk tk lds vkSj vkfFkZd o`f)

fVdkÅ cusA vc ;g vf/kdkf/kd le>k tkus yxk gS fd

lkoZHkkSfed lkekftd lqj{kk ra= esa vYi vk; okys ns'kksa ds

fy, O;kid {kerk,a gSa ftudks fd vHkh rd i;kZIr :i ls

[kkstk gh ugha x;k gSA bl ckr dh igpku djrs gq, fd

vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd fodkl ns'kksa ds chp Hkyh çdkj ls

xqaFks gq, gSa] ubZ varjjk"Vªh; j.kuhfr;ka mi;qä lkekftd

lqj{kk uhfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djus dh ekax djrh gSa tks çHkkoh

:i ls xjhch ?kVkus esa enn djsaxh vkSj mRikndrk] vkfFkZd

vkSj lkekftd fodkl esa ;ksxnku djsxhA

■ fcfYMax :yj jksM~lC;ksuZ tkSgSUlu] vkbZ,lch,u978&92&2&120977&5] cSadkd]vkbZ,yvks 2008- 40 vesfjdh M‚yj] 30;wjks] 45 fLol ÝSaDl

;g iqfLrdk xzkeh.k lM+dksa ds fuekZ.kdh loksZÙke çfØ;k] fof/k;ksa vkSj lalk/kuksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjhnsrh gSA xzkeh.k lM+dsa vko';d lsokvksa tSls fd f'k{kk] LokLF;ns[kHkky] tykiwfrZ vkSj xzkeh.k vkcknh ds fy, vkfFkZd voljksads lanHkZ esa lcls egRoiw.kZ laidZ LFkkfir djrh gSaA csgrjxq.koÙkk okyh xzkeh.k lM+dsa cukuk ,d [kkl dkS'ky dk dkegS tksfd mfpr ;kstuk] vuqHkoh fujh{k.k] vPNs dk;ZdrkZ okyhHkkouk vkSj tgka rd laHko gks lds] LFkkuh; lalk/kuksa dsfVdkÅ mi;ksx dh ekax djrk gSA bl iqfLrdk dk mís';rduhdh deZpkjh çnku djuk gS ftuesa fd dk;ZLFkylqijokbtj ls ysdj bathfu;j rd 'kkfey gksrs gSa tks fdrduhdh lanHkZ C;kSjksa ls ySl gksrs gSa vkSj lkekU;r;k xzkeh.klM+dksa dks cukus ds fy, mi;ksx esa ykbZ tk pqdh fof/k;ksa vkSjloksZÙke çfdz;kvksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA ;g iqfLrdk dk;Zçca/ku ds çR;sd pj.k dk C;kSjk nsrh gS ftlesa fpUgkadu vkSj

cykr Je vkSj ekuo rLdjh ds f[kykQ vfxze ekspsZ dk dke

djsaxs vkSj vU; dkuwu çorZu vkSj jksdFkke çfdz;kvksa dks

laiw.kZ cuk,axsA

■ QksLMZ yscj % dksv'ku ,aM

,DLiy‚;Vs'ku bu n çkbosV bdksu‚eh

chV ,aMªhl vkSj iSfVªd csylj }kjk

laikfnr- vkbZ,lch,u

978&92&2&120164&9] tsusok]

vkbZ,yvks] 2009- yk;u jhusj ifCy'klZ

ds lkFk lgçdkf'kr] vesfjdk- 22-50 vesfjdh M‚yj] 17

;wjks] 25 fLol ÝSaDl

vVykafVd ikjh; xqykeksa ds O;kikj ds mUewyu ds nks

n'kd ds ckn] yxHkx 123 yk[k yksx vc Hkh mRihM+u vkSj

'kks"k.k ds fofHkUu :iksaa ds dkj.k cykr Je djus dks ck/;

gSaA bl vad esa fn, x, 'kks/kksa ds irk pyrk gS fd cykr

Je ds ihfM+r dsoy ,afM;u ns'kksa ds nslh yksx ;k ukbtj

ds nkl yksx gh ugha] os yksx Hkh gSa tks ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk

ls rLdjh djds yk, tkrs gSa vkSj os yksx Hkh tks czkthy

;k ikfdLrku dh Je'kfä ds laosnu'khy lewg dk

çfrfuf/kRo djrs gSaA iqLrd esa mu mik;ksa dk ftdz Hkh gS

ftuds ek/;e ls bu çFkkvksa ij dkcw ik;k tk ldrk gSA

blesa Je cktkj ds çLrkoksa ds i{k esa cgl dh xbZ gS ftlesa

'kkfey gSa] Je e/;LFkksa }kjk fu;eu vkSj fujh{k.k] Je

fujh{k.k ç.kkfy;ksa dks l'kä cukuk vkSj Jfed la?kksa vkSj

jkstxkj U;k;kf/kdj.kksa dh layXurkA

■ QksLMZ yscj % dsl cqd v‚Q dksVZ

dslst

U;k;k/kh'kksa] vfHk;kstdksa vkSj dkuwuh

fo'ks"kKksa ds fy, çf'k{k.k iqfLrdk-

vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&122177&7]



cykr Je vkSj ekuo rLdjh mRihM+u vkSj 'kks"k.k ds

,sls :i gSa tks dkuwu çorZu djus okyksa ds fy, cgqr cM+h

pqukSrh jgs gSaA ;g dslcqd fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa cykr Je

vkSj ca/kqvk Je ij U;kf;d fu.kZ;ksa ls ysdj vkS|ksfxd`r

ns'kksa esa cykr Je vkSj rLdjh ij gky ds QSlyksa ds ckjs

esa tkudkjh nsrh gSA ;g crkrh gS fd fdl çdkj jk"Vªh;

vnkyrksa us cykr Je ij QSlyk lqukrs le;] vkbZ,yvks

ds le>kSrs ds çko/kkuksa dk ç;ksx fd;k vkSj ;g le>kSrk

fdl çdkj Hkfo"; ds QSlyksa dk ekxZn'kZu djsxkA ;g

dslcqd cykr Je ij dkcw ikus ds fy, vkbZ,yvks ds

fo'ks"k dkjZokbZ dk;Zdze ¼,l,ih&,Q,y½ dk fgLlk gSA bl

dk;Zdze ds varxZr vk/kqfud çdkj ds cykr Je ij 'kks/k

vkSj v/;;u fd, x, gSa vkSj blds f[kykQ la?k"kZ ds fy,

lHkh i{kksa dks l'kä fd;k x;k gSA bldk mís';

U;k;k/kh'kksa] vfHk;kstdksa vkSj dkuwuh fo'ks"kKksa dks çf'kf{kr

djuk gSA


Uk;s izdk’ku

Qhpj


■ xzksFk] baIy‚;esaV ,aM ikoVhZ fjMD'ku%

n dsl v‚Q baMksusf'k;k

b;kurqy bLyke vkSj vuhl pkS/kjh-

vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&122001&5]



bl lkef;d v/;;u esa baMksusf'k;k dh o`f)] jkstxkj

vkSj xjhch mUewyu ij cuh uhfr;ksa dh leh{kk dh xbZ gSA

blesa o"kZ 1997 ds foÙkh; ladV ls igys vkSj ckn dh

fLFkfr;ksa ij fopkj fd;k x;k gS vkSj vkt ds uhfr

fu/kkZjdksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ fcanqvksa dks is'k fd;k x;k gSA

baMksusf'k;k ds Je cktkj dk fo'ys"k.k djrs gq, vkSj o`f)

dks iksf"kr djus okyh ,oa xjhch mUewyu ds fy, mi;qä

çfrfØ;kvksa dh [kkst djrs gq, ys[kd crkrs gSa fd jkstxkj

esa yphysiu dk de gksuk vkSj okLrfod osru esa o`f) esa

fxjkoV] o"kZ 1997 ls iwoZ dh vof/k esa Je cktkj ds çn'kZu

dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a FkhaA çHkko'kkyh vkykspdksa us lq>ko

fn;k fd ;g Je cktkj ds fu;euksa dk ifj.kke FkkA ys[kd

vusd mnkgj.k çLrqr djrs gSa vkSj ml u, lq/kkj ds ckjs

esa crkrs gSa tks Je cktkj laLFkkuksa dks l'kä djsaxs vkSj

lkoZtfud lajpuk esa fuos'k vkSj ekuo fodkl ij ifjO;;

dks çkFkkfedrk nsaxsA

■ v xkbM Vw odZlZ fjIyslesaV % le

VwYl Q‚j fjMîwflax n bEiSDV v‚u

odZlZ] dE;qfuVh ,aM ,aVjçkbtsl

o"kZ 2009 rd v|ru] xSjh ch- gSulsu]

vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&122103&6]



;g funsZf'kdk o"kZ 2001 dh Je foLFkkiu funsZf'kdk dh

v|ru gS tks fd ,f'k;kbZ foÙkh; ladV ds çfr çfrfdz;k esa

çdkf'kr dh xbZ FkhA ;g funsZf'kdk çFker;k mÙkjh vesfjdk

vkSj e/; rFkk iwohZ ;wjksi esa ladze.k çfdz;kvksa ds nkSjku ds

vuqHkoksa ij vk/kkfjr gS] ;g [kkst djrh gS fd fdl çdkj

midze] leqnk; vkSj Jfed foÙkh; ladV ds çfr çfrfdz;k

dj ldrs gSa vkSj fdl çdkj jkstxkjksa ds laHkkfor uqdlku

dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA blesa leqnk;ksa] midze çca/kuksa

vkSj Jfedksa dh laLFkkvksa }kjk O;olk; cgkyh djus rFkk

rkykcafn;ksa dks Vkyus dh laHkkfor j.kuhfr;ksa dks Hkh 'kkfey

fd;k x;k gSA ;g funsZf'kdk çFker;k vkS|ksfxd`r rFkk

ladze.kdkyhu ns'kksa ds mi;ksx ds fy, gS vkSj bldk mís';

uhfr fuekZrkvksa] fu;ksäkvksa vkSj Jfedksa esa mi;qä çfrfdz;k

dk fodkl djuk gS rkfd eanh ds nkSjku jkstxkj rFkk Jfedksa

dh cgkyh dks çksRlkfgr fd;k tk ldsA

■ baVjus'kuy ,aM daisjsfVo yscj y‚ %

djaV pkSysatsl

vjVqjks czkalVhu- vkbZ,lch,u

978&92&2&121202&7] tsusok]

vkbZ,yvks] 2009- iSyxzso eSdfeyu

ifCy'klZ ds lkFk lg çdkf'kr- 80 vesfjdh M‚yj] 50 ;wjks]

80 fLol ÝSaDl

,d vxz.kh Je dkuwu fo'ks"kK }kjk fyf[kr ;g vfr

ewY;oku v/;;u iqLrd nqfu;k Hkj esa 21 oha lnh ds nkSjku

Je dkuwu }kjk >syh tk jgh pqukSfr;ksa dk ,d O;kid

fo'ys"k.k çnku djrh gSA ;g [kkl rkSj ls Je dkuwu vkSj

varjjk"Vªh; O;kikj] jkstxkj laca/k vkSj fu;ksäk@deZpkjh

laca/k esa yksxksa ds ewyHkwr vf/kdkjksa] vukSipkfjd vFkZO;oLFkk

ds dk;Z vkSj vkmVlkslZ fd, x, dk;Z ij /;ku dsafær djrh

gS] lkFk gh lkFk ;g {ks=h; Lrj ij Je dkuwu esa vk,

mYys[kuh; cnykoksa ij Hkh fopkj djrh gSA ys[kd oS'ohd`r

;qx esa Je dkuwu dh lkFkZdrk dks c<+kus ds fofHkUu mik;ksa

ds ckjs esa Hkh crkrs gSa] ftuesa fd vkbZ,yvks le>kSrksa dk

vuqeksnu] egRoiw.kZ O;kikj cktkj okys {ks=ksa esa Je fo/kk;uksa

dk laxfrdj.k] varjjk"Vªh; O;kikj laf/k;ksa esa lkekftd

çko/kkuksa dk varosZ'ku vkSj vkiwfrZ Jà[kykvksa esa fuxfer

lkekftd lafgrkvksa dk mi;ksx 'kkfey gSA

■ v‚D;wis'kuy ostst ,aM vkolZ v‚Q

odZ ,aM fjVsy QwM çkbtst

vkbZ,yvks vDVwcj tkap ds vkadM+s] 2009]

vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&022242&3]

tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009- rhu Hkk"kkvksa

vaxzsth@Ýsap@LiSfu'k esa miyC/k- 70


fdlh Hkh O;fä ds fy, ;g egRoiw.kZ lanHkZ lzksr ftldh

#fp dk;Z rFkk thou dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gksrh gS] ;g

f=Hkkf"kd çdk'ku HkÙkksa] dk;Z ds ?kaVksa vkSj [kk| inkFkksaZ ds

nk;js ij foLr`r lwpuk,a çnku djrk gSA 49 m|ksx lewgksa

ds 159 O;olk;ksa] vkSj 93 [kk| inkFkksaZ ds [kqnjk nkeksa dks

nk;js esa ysus okyk ;g çdk'ku varjjk"Vªh; rqyukvksa ds fy,

vifjgk;Z lkaf[;dh; lalk/ku dk çLrko djrk gSA lhMh jkse

% vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&022243&0] tsusok] vkbZ,yvks]

2009- foaMkst otZu] rhu Hkk"kkvksa esa vaxzsth@Ýsap@LiSfu'k esa

miyC/k- flxy ;wtj& 80 vesfjdh M‚yj] 65 ;wjks] 100 fLol

ÝSaDl] eYVh ;wtj& 120 vesfjdh M‚yj] 100 ;wjks] 150 fLol

ÝSaDl- ;g pquhank O;olk;ksa esa HkÙkksa vkSj dk;Z ds ?kaVksa rFkk

pquhank [kk| inkFkksaZ ds [kqnjk ewY;ksa ij 20 ?kaVs ls vf/kd dh

foLr`r lwpuk,a çnku djrk gS ¼1984&2008½A ;g lhMh jkse

,d O;kid mi;ksx esa vklku lanHkZ mik; gSA ;g 49 m|ksx

lewgks esa 159 O;olk;ksa vkSj 93 [kk| inkFkksaZ ds [kqnjk ewY;ksa

ls lacaf/kr vkadM+s çLrqr djrk gSA

■ n fefuee ost fjfoflVsM bu n

,uykTMZ bZ;w

MSfu;y ok?kku& OgkbVgsM- vkbZ,lch,u

978&92&2&121987&3] tsusok]

vkbZ,yvks] 2009- ,MoMZ ,yxj

ifCyf'kax ds lkFk lg çdkf'kr- 85


;g iqLrd ;wjksi esa U;wure osru dk xgjk vkSj uoksUes"kh

fo'ys"k.k çnku djrh gS] foLrkfjr ;wjksih; la?k esa viuk

41

egRo ns[krs gq, vkSj O;fäxr lnL; ns'kksa ds U;wure osruksa

;k ;gka rd fd ,d leku ;wjksih; la?k U;wure osru ds chp

laxfrdj.k dk loky mBkrs gq,A ;g ço`fÙk;ksa vkSj çHkkoksa]

fof'k"V jk"Vªh; uhfrxr eqíksa ;k vkS|ksfxd {ks=ksa ds ekeyksa ds

v/;;uksa dks ns[krs gq, jk"Vªh; Lrj ij U;wure osru dh

Hkwfedk dh [kkst djrh gSA U;wure osru dk fu/kkZj.k uhfr

MsVkcsl ds dsaæ esa iwjh rjg çeq[krk ls ykSV vk;k gSA ;wjksih;

la?k ds Lrj ij ,d tSls lkekU; fu;e cukus ds çLrko Hkh

;wjksih; la?k ds foLrkj ds lkFk cgqxqf.kr gks x, gSa [kkl rkSj

ls lkekftd {ksi.k dks U;wure djus ds fy,A bl {ks= ds

çfl) ;wjksfi;u fo'ks"kKksa dks 15 jk"Vªh; v/;;uksa dks ,d

lkFk ykrs gq,] ;g lkekftd laxzg orZeku MsVkcsl ds fuekZ.k

dks rst djus dk mís'; j[krk gSA

■ n ç‚fel ,aM isfjYl v‚Q

ikfVZflisVjh i‚fylh esfdax

vuqla/kku Jà[kyk la[;k 117] ywfl;ks

cSdkMZ vkSj dkSaLrkfUroksl iSikMfdl]

vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&9014&876&0]

tsusok] varjjk"Vªh; Je v/;;u laLFkku]

2008- 18 vesfjdh M‚yj] 12 ;wjks] 18 fLol ÝSaDl

;g iqLrd ukxfjd leqnk; laxBuksa vkSj lkoZtfud

uhfr esa Hkkxhnkjhijd uhfr fuekZ.k dh lkFkZdrk dh [kkst

djrh gSA D;k ukxfjd leqnk; laxBuksa dk ml le;

egRoiw.kZ çHkko iM+rk gS tc mUgsa lh/ks uhfr fuekZ.k esa

layXu fd;k tkrk gS ;k ml le; tc os ckgj ls lapkyu

dj jgs gksrs gSa\ D;k Hkkxhnkjhijd uhfr fuekZ.k lkoZtfud

uhfr dh l{kerk vkSj lekurk dks c<+krk gS\ ;g vuqla/kku

vad Hkkxhnkj ç'kklu vkSj foeqfä ds fl)karksa dh etcwrh

ds fojks/kkHkkl ds lkFk bu lokyksa ds tokc ryk'krk gSA

blesa nf{k.k vÝhdk esa fd, x, O;kid QhYM vuqla/kku dks

'kkfey fd;k x;k gS] og ns'k ftlus 1990 ds n'kd dh

'kq#vkr esa cM+h la[;k esa Hkkxhnkjh okys uhfr fuekZ.k

laLFkkiuksa dh 'kq#vkr dh FkhA

■ ls¶Vh ,aM gsYFk bu vaMjxzkmaM

dksyekbUl- ,u vkbZ,yvks dksM v‚Q

çSfDVl

vkbZ,lch,u 978&92&2&120162&5]

tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009- Ýsap vkSj LiSfu'k

esa Hkh miyC/k- 32 vesfjdh M‚yj] 25 ;wjks]

40 fLol ÝSaDl

Hkwfexr dks;yk [knkuksa esa lqj{kk vkSj LokLF; ij ;g

O;ogkj lafgrk m|ksx vkSj bldh Je'kfä esa vk;q ds vusd

cnykoksa vkSj lkFk gh lkFk O;kolkf;d lqj{kk vkSj LokLF;

uhfr;ksa esa gq, u, ?kVukdzeksa rFkk O;kogkfjd lqj{kk vkSj

LokLF; ij vkbZ,yvks mik;ksa esa vk pqds cnykoksa dks

çfrfcafcr djrh gSA ,d {kh.k] cgq dkS'ky okyh Je'kfä] ubZ

çkS|ksfxdh vkSj vYi vkns'kkRedrk] lqj{kk vkSj LokLF; dks

lacksf/kr djus esa vf/kd O;oLFkk vfHkeq[k ç;kl Hkh blesa

çfrfcafcr gq, gSaA lafgrk ,d jk"Vªh; lajpuk LFkkfir djrh

gS tks l{ke çkf/kdkfj;ksa] fu;ksäkvksa] Jfedksa vkSj muds

laxBuksa dh Hkwfedkvksa dks Li"V djrh gSA ;g [krjksa dh


42

ds mik; <wa< jgs gSa] muds fy, dk;ZLFky

Hkkxhnkfj;ka lkFkZd gksrh gSaA bl iqLrd

dk /;ku bl ij gS fd D;ksa dk;ZLFky

lgHkkxh nqfu;k Hkj esa f'k'kq ns[kHkky esa

layXu gks x, gSa vkSj mu dk;Zdzeksa dh

çd`fr D;k gS ftUgsa fd ykxw fd;k tk

pqdk gSA lgHkkfxrk ,d eq[; fo"k;oLrq gS vkSj ys[kd mu

xBca/kuksa dh ifj.kke nsus dh {kerk dks js[kkafdr djrs gSa

ftUgksaus fofHkUu dkjdksa dh {kerkvksa vkSj lalk/kuksa dks

,dtqV fd;k gSA nl ns'k ftuesa fd vkS|ksxhd`r vkSj

fodkl'khy nksuksa 'kkfey gSa] f'k'kq ns[kHkky ds fy, uhfr;ka

vkSj lqfo/kkvksa rFkk Jejr ekrk&firkvksa ds fy, muds

fufgrkFkksaZ ds jk"Vªh; voyksdu ds vk/kkj ij ij[ks x, gSa

ftlds ckn fofHkUu dk;ZLFkyksa ds ekeyksa dk v/;;u çLrqr

fd;k x;k gSA ;g iqLrd uhfr fuekZrkvksa vkSj dk;ZLFky

lgHkkfx;ksa ij dsafær gS tks fd dkedkth ekrk&firkvksa ds

fy, muds f'k'kqvksa dh ns[kHkky dh t:jrksa esa enn djus

ds O;kogkfjd gy [kkstus esa tqVs gq, gSaA

igpku djus] tksf[ke dks de djus vkSj mldh jksdFkke

djus vkSj lkFk gh lkFk] Hkwfexr [knkuksa ds dk;Z esa lqj{kk ds

fof'k"V çko/kkuksa dh çfØ;k fof/k Hkh ladfyr djrh gSA

■ odZIysl l‚Y;w'kal Q‚j pkbYM ds;j

dSFkjhu ghu vkSj ukvkseh dSf'kjsj] vkbZ,lch,u

978&92&2&122035&0] tsusok] vkbZ,yvks] 2009- 40


dkedkth ekrk&firkvksa ds fy, tks fd f'k'kq ns[kHkky

■ n Xykscy dzkbfll] lks'ky çksVsD'ku ,aM t‚Cl

tkslsQ fXVfXyV~t

o"kZ 2008 dh foÙkh; eanh ds çfr uhfr çfrfdz;kvksa vkSj

ldy ekax dh fxjkoV cM+s iSekus ij ?kjsyw fgrksa ds dkj.k

gqbZ FkhA iqu#RFkku'khy foÙkh; laj{k.kokn] cSadksa dks enn

vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ds jkgr iSdst çfr;ksfxrk vkSj çksRlkgu

dks xM+cM+k jgs gSa tks fd fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds fy,

gkfudkjd gSa] blls csgn vko';d lkekftd laj{k.k ij

gksus okyk [kpZ vkSj varr% oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk dh rst

{kfriwfrZ Hkh çHkkfor gks jgh gSA orZeku ladV dh jkstxkjksa

dks {kfr igqapkus dh {kerk dks de vkadus ds f[kykQ

psrkouh nsrs gq, ys[kd ,d okLrfod oSf'od jkgr iSdst

nsus] ftuds lkFk vkfFkZd çfreku vkSj fofu;ked uhfr;ksa ij

iqufoZpkj] fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks foÙkh; enn] ,d de

ck/;dkjh varjjk"Vªh; eqæk dks"k vkSj vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds ,d

Lo;apkfyr LFkkf;Ro ra= ds :i esa lkekftd laj{k.k dk rdZ

nsrs gSaA

■ odZ eksj Vq vuZ eksj n feDLM Qhfyax v‚Q ;wjksfi;al

ywlh Mkoksus vkSj Mksfefud esMk

D;k ;wjksih; yksx vf/kd ;k de dk;Z djus dks

çkFkfedrk nsaxs\ os lekt esa dk;Z dk ewY;kadu fdl çdkj

djsaxs\ losZ{k.k lq>ko nsrk gS fd os dk;Z dks lokZf/kd egRo

nsrs gSa] ;|fi ,d vuqikr ,sls yksxksa dk Hkh gS tks ;g ns[kuk

pkgrs gSa fd dke muds thou esa vf/kd LFkku u ys ysaA

bl fojks/kkHkkl dh O;k[;k dSls djsa\ varjjk"Vªh; losZ{k.kksa

ds fu"d"kksaZ ds çdk'k esa rhu ifjdYiukvksa dk ijh{k.k fd;k

x;k % dk;Z ds laca/k esa U;wu vis{kk,a]mu vis{kkvksa vkSj

fujk'kktud Je cktkj vuqHkoksa esa varj vkSj var esa nwljh

xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, vf/kd le; nsus dh bPNkA vkys[k dqN

uhfr lq>koksa ds lkFk laiUu gksrk gSA

■ n ,DlVuZykbts'ku v‚Q yscj y‚

varksfu;ks vkstsnk ,foyl

Je dkuwu lek;kstuksa dh 'kfä'kkyh Jà[kyk] ftls fd

fiNys rhu n'kd ds] fo'ks"kKksa us fo[kaMu ds ,d :i esa&

mls fo?kVu u dgk tk,& i`Fkd mi{ks=ksa ds :i esa ns[kk gS]

,d vke ço`fÙk ds :i esa cny jgh gS tks fd <kapkxr

vk;ke dk Lo:i ys jgh gSA ,d foLrkfjr çsj.kk Je dkuwuksa

dks ,d vyx gh {ks= esa ys tk jgh gS ftlls mldh igpku

vkSj ijaijkxr lhek,a VwV jgh gSa] gkykafd ;g ikjLifjd

çHkkoksa dk lkadsfrd fofue; gSA bl ys[k esa foLrkj ds mu

Ng ekxksaZ dk fo'ys"k.k gS ftUgsa ;wjksi vkSj dqN vesfjdh vkSj

,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa esa ns[kk x;k gSA

■ VqoM~lZ lks'kyh lsaflfVo d‚jiksjsV jhLVªDpfjax\

deisjsfVo fjekDlZ v‚u dysfDVo ckjxsfuax MsoyiesaV~l bu

teZuh] Ýkal vkSj bVyh

xk;Mks cksuh

oS'ohdj.k ds lanHkZ esa fujarj cnyrs cktkj O;fäxr

QeksaZ esa çfrLi/kkZRedrk dh nh?kZdkyhu j[kus ds fy, rsth

ls vkSj fujarj iquxZBu dk vkºoku dj jgs gSaA blds

eísutj ukSdfj;ksa esa dVkSrh dks de djrs gq,] çeq[k ;wjksih;

ns'kksa esa lkekftd Hkkxhnkjksa us ,slh fodsaæhd`r ç.kkfy;ksa dks

vfHkdfYir fd;k gS tks lkewfgd lkSnsckth ds ijaijkxr

jk"Vªh; e‚Myksa ij ç'ufpUg yxk, fcuk LFkkuh; Lrj ds

yphysiu dks c<+krh gSaA teZuh ds vkS|ksfxd le>kSrksa dh

çkjafHkd /kkjkvksa] Ýkal ds daiuh Lrjh; vid"kZ le>kSrksa vkSj

Je'kfä fu;kstu ij vfuok;Z lkSnsckth vkSj bVyh ds

f=Lrjh; çknsf'kd le>kSrksa ds ç;ksxksa dk fo'ys"k.k djrs gq,]

ys[kd ;wjksi esa lkekftd :i ls laosnu'khy iquxZBu dks

leFkZu nsus ds fy, ,d vf/kjk"Vªh; lajpuk dk vkxzg djrs

gq, ys[k dk lekiu djrs gSaA

■ LVwMsaV yscj ,aM vdknfed çksfQf'k;salh bu baVjus'kuy

ilZisfDVo

MsfoM iksLV vkSj lq,V fyax iksax

varjjk"Vªh; xf.kr vkSj foKku v/;;u esa o"kZ 2003 dh

ço`fÙk;ksa ij vk/kkfjr bl ys[k esa ys[kd }; irk yxkrs gSa

fd dqN ns'kksa esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds jkstxkj vkSj 'kSf{kd miyfC/k;ksa

esa udkjkRed laca/k gS& ;g varj ns'k fo'ks"k esa dk;Z ds

voljksa vkSj t:jrksa ij fuHkZj djrs gSaA vesfjdk ds o"kZ

2004 ds 'kSf{kd ns'kkarjh; losZ{k.k ij utj Mkyus ls ;g

irk pyrk gS fd jkstxkj vkSj xf.kr esa çoh.krk ds chp

odzjs[kh; laca/k gS % gj g¶rs 10 ?kaVs ls vf/kd dk;Z djus

ls larqfyr ldkjkRed vlj gksrk gS] 10&18 ?kaVs ls dksbZ

vlj ugha iM+rk vkSj 20 ?kaVs ls vf/kd dk;Z djus ls

udkjkRed vlj iM+rk gSA blds ckn dk;Z ds ?kaVksa ds laHko

lewgksa dh lgk;d miknkuksa ds lkFk tkap dh xbZA

■ VsDuksy‚ftdy psat ,aM bude fMfLVªC;w'ku bu ;wjksi

fdzfLV;kuks is#fxuh vkSj Qsfczft;ks ikseiksbZ

;g ys[k 14 ;wjksih; la?k ns'kksa esa rduhdh cnyko vkSj

vk; vlekurk ds chp laca/kksa ds vuqHkotU; çek.k çLrqr

djrk gSA ;g fo'ys"k.k] rduhdh xgurk ds fofHkUu Lrjksa

okys {ks=ksa esa dq'kyrk vfHkur rduhdh ifjorZu ¼,lchVhlh½

ifjdYiuk dh tkap ls 'kq: gksrk gSA rduhd dh dq'kyrk

laiwjdrk vkSj fuos'k dh çcyrk ls dq'kyrk çfrLFkkiu ds

pfj= dh iqf"V djus ds ckn] ys[kd dgrs gSa fd vk;

vlekurk dk laHkfor fu/kkZjd gS] dq'kyrk& Je ekax esa

{ks=xr ifjorZuA fo'ys"k.k esa ,lchVhlh vkSj fopkj.kh; vkB

esa ls ikap {ks=ksa esa vlekurk ds chp odzjs[kh; laca/k n'kkZ;k

x;k gS vkSj foijhr ;w vkdkj ds iSVuZ dh lykg nh xbZ gS

ftudh le;≤ ij Je ekax vkSj vkiwfrZ ds fu;kstuksa

ds Lrjksa ij O;k[;k dh tk ldsA

■ uksV~l vkSj cgl %

Vªkalus'kuy dysfDVo ckjxsfuax bu ;wjksi % n dsl Q‚j

ysftlysfVo ,sD'ku ,V bZ;w ysoy

,MqvMksZ ,ysl

v lqçhe dksVZ pSysat Vw vtsaZVhukt VªsM ;wfu;u e‚My

,afMª;ku xksfYMu

dksj yscj LVSaMM~lZ vaMj ,MfefuLVªs'ku v‚Q t‚tZ MCY;w-

cq'k

fdzLVksQj dSaMySaM

yscj LVSfVfLVDl % n ckmaMjht ,aM Mk;oflZVh v‚Q odZ

iSfVªd cksy

varjjk"Vªh; Je leh{kk] vad 148 ¼2009½] la[;k 1&2


Qhpj


varjjk"Vªh; Je leh{kk dk vkxkeh fo'ks"k vad] vad 148 ¼2009½] la[;k 3 ¼flracj½

43

ySfVu vesfjdk ds uo mnkjoknh ç;ksx ls çkIr f'k{kk %

ladV ls ladV rd

varjjk"Vªh; Je leh{kk dk vkxkeh fo'ks"k vad ySfVu

vesfjdk dh Je vkSj lkekftd uhfr ij uo mnkjoknh

lq/kkjksa ds vlj dk vkdyu djrk gSA bl vad esa

yk;fM;k Ýsy fyf[kr çLrkouk vkSj Ng dsl LVMht gSaA

buesa ftu ns'kksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS] os gSa vtsaZVhuk

¼ys[kd&,e-uksfod] ,e- ysax;sy vkSj ,e- lkjkckbZ½]

cksyhfo;k ¼ys[kd& ,Q- okuMjys½] czkthy ¼ys[kd& ,e-

ikspeSu½] fpyh ¼ys[kd&,e- jhldks½] esfDldks ¼ys[kd&

,e-lh- ck;u½ vkSj m#Xos ¼ys[kd& ,Q- fQycqfj;k vkSj

ih- ,yxzs½A

nks n'kd rd uo mnkjokn laca/kh xgu ç;ksxksa ds

ckn ySfVu vesfjdk Lo;a dks nks jkgs ij [kM+k ik jgk

gSA 1980 ds n'kd esa _.k ladV ds i'pkr bl {ks= us

vk;kr çfrLFkkiu vkS|ksxhdj.k vkSj jkT; ds gLr{ksiksa

ij vk/kkfjr viuh iwoZ dh fodkl j.kuhfr dks NksM+dj]

fo'o vFkZO;oLFkk esa vf/kd ,dhdj.k vkSj cktkj dh cM+h

Hkwfedk ij tksj nsuk 'kq: fd;kA bl egk}hi ds lHkh

ns'kksa us okf'kaxVu lkeatL; dks vaxhdkj fd;kA ;g ,slk

uhfr lewg gS tks o`gn vkfFkZd vuq'kklu vkSj <kapkxr

lq/kkj] O;kikj vkSj fuos'k çokg dks eqä djus vkSj rhoz

vfofu;eu o futhdj.k ij tksj nsrk gSA fo'ks"k :i ls]

bu lq/kkjksa ds ek/;e ls Je esa yphykiu vkrk gS]

lkekftd lgk;rk dks yf{kr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj futh

{ks= ds çko/kkuksa ij fuHkZjrk c<+rh gS] lkFk gh isa'ku

ç.kkfy;ksa esa vkaf'kd futhdj.k fd;k tkrk gSA

gkykafd fofHkUu ns'kksa esa lq/kkjksa ds le; vkSj xfr esa

varj Fkk] 1990 ds e/; rd lHkh ns'k vfHklj.k ds

mPpre Lrj rd igqap x,A fQj Hkh lq/kkjksa ls visf{kr

ifj.kke çkIr ugha gq,A ;gka dh vkfFkZd o`f) cgqr

detksj vkSj vfLFkj Fkh] vkSj vf/kdrj ns'k foÙkh; ladV

ls çHkkfor gksus yxsA ;gka lkekftd ifj.kke Hkh

fujk'kktud FksA xjhch de gksus dh j¶rkj cgqr /kheh

Fkh] varjjk"Vªh; ekudksa ds vuqlkj] vk; vlekurk ds

Lrj cgqr mPp Fks] lkekftd laj{k.k esa deh gks jgh Fkh

vkSj vukSipkfjd {ks= mHkj jgs FksA

1990 ds n'kd ds var rd] ySfVu vesfjdk dh

jktuhfr us oke #[k ys fy;kA igys ds lq/kkjksa ij fopkj

fd;k tkus yxk] ftuds lkFk vPNs lkekftd ifj.kke

gkfly fd, x, FksA gkykafd ;g vHkh ns[kk tkuk gS fd

D;k gky ds ifjorZu ds ldkjkRed çHkko dks] orZeku

foÙkh;] vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd ladV ds nkSj esa cjdjkj

j[kk tk ldsxkA

fczdh ds fy, vkbZ,yvks ds izdk’ku cM+s iqLrd foØsrkvksa ;k fofHkUUk ns’kkssa esa fLFkr vkbZ,yvks ds LFkkuh; dk;kZy;ksa ;k lh/ks vkbZ,yvks fFk;sVj dksVZ] rhljh

eaft+y] bafM;k gSfCkVsV lsaVj] yks/kh jksM] u;h fnYyh&110 003 ls izkIr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA nwjHkk"k% 24602101] 2462102] QSDl% 24602111] bZ&esy%

[email protected]

¶yS'k U;wt % o‚p nse ukÅ

http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dw/index.htm http://www.ilo.org/public/english/wdacl/flash09/index.htm http://www.ilo.org/public/english/child/ilo-cl-en.htm

http://www.ilo.org/public/english/gender/index.htm http://www.ilo.org/public/english/disability/countusin/index.htm

MhlsaV odZ ysV fpYMªsu Cywe ,tqds'ku] n jkbV fjLikal Vw pkbYM yscj

tsaMj bDokfyVh ,V n gkVZ v‚Q MhlsaV odZ dkmaV v‚u vl % MhlsaV odZ Q‚j ihiqy fon fMlsfcfyVht


Documents

10 ILO Magazine · PDF file2 Je dh nqfu;k] vad 37] fnlEcj 2009 bfrgkl esa vkbZ,yvks o"kZ 1750 ls] ;wjksi esa Jfedksa us laxfBr gksuk çkjaHk dj fn;kA bl ij ljdkjksa vkSj fu;ksäkvksa