10 - Malaysia-Indonesia Confrontation

7/24/2019 10 - Malaysia-Indonesia Confrontation

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MALAYSIA-INDONESIA

CONFRONTATION (1963-1966)

(LECTURE 9)

MILITARY HISTORY

(DUS 1062)

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DISCUSSION

BACKGROUNDBEGINNING OF THE CONFRONTATION THE UNDECLARED WAR

THE CONFRONTATION GUERRILLA WAR

BRITISH RESPONSE TO CONFRONTATION

TIME LINE CHRONOLOGY

END OF CONFRONTATION

SUMMARY

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INTRODUCTION

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THE CONFLICT WAS AN INTERMITTENTWAR WAGED BY INDONESIA TOOPPOSE THE FORMATION & EXISTENCEOF THE FEDERATION OF MALAYSIA

THE KONFRONTASI WAS ANINTERMITTENT (IRREGULARWARO!ER THE THE FUTURE OF BORNEO

BETWEEN INDONESIA & BRITISHBACKED MALAYSIA

IT WAS MARKED BY ARMED

INCURSIONS" BOMB ATTACKS & ACTS


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BACKGROUND WHY CONFRONTATION

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WHEN THE ANNOUNCEMENT MADE IN1$%1 NO OBECTION FROM INDONESIA

AS PART OF WITHDRAWAL PLAN FROM SEASIA" THE UK MO!ED TO COMBINED ITS

COLONIES ON BORNEO (SARAWAK" SABAH& BRUNEI WITH THOSE ON PENINSULARMALAYA" TO FORM MALAYSIA

INDONESIA UNDER SUKARNO OPPOSED

PHILLIPINE UNDER MACAPAGAL MADE ACLAIM FOR SABAH ARGUING THAT IT HADHISTORIC LINK WITH THE PHILLIPINES

THRU THE SULU ARCHIPELAGO


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BACKGROUND CONT

'

IN BRUNEI THE INDONESIAN BACKEDNORTH KALIMANTAN NATIONAL ARMY(TNKU RE!OLT ON DEC 1$%2

THEY TRY TO CAPTURE THE SULTAN" SEI)E

THE OIL FIELDS & TAKE EUROPEANHOSTAGES* THE BRITISH FAR EASTCOMMAND ENDED THE REBELLION

OTHER REASON ONE BELIEF WAS THAT

THE INDONESIAN PRESIDENT SUKARNOHA!E AMBITIONS OF INCLUDING NORTHBORNEO TERRITORIES TO FORM A BIGGERINDONESIA OR A BORNEO STATESYMPATHETIC TO OR ALIGNED WITH


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BACKGROUND CONT

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SUKARNOS CONFRONTATION ACTIONWAS BECAUSE THE ESTABLISHING OFMALAYSIA IN ITSELF ABORTED SUKARNOSSCHEME TO FORM THE GREATER

INDONESIAN EMPIRE*SUKARNO WAS SAID TO LAUNCHED THE

CONFRONTATION AS A TACTIC TO DI!ERTTHE PEOPLES ATTENTION AWAY FROM

!ARIOUS INTERNAL PROBLEMS WHICHWERE AFFLICTING INDONESIA AT THAT

TIME

HISTORIAN ANALYSIS


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CONFRONTATION

+

2, AN 1$%3 - ANNOUNCEMENT OFCONFRONTATION

INDONESIAN FOREIGN MINISTERSUBANDRIO ANNOUNCED THAT

INDONESIA WILL PURSUE A POLICY OFKONFRONTASIWITH MALAYSIA

12 APR 1$%3 INDONESIA VOLUNTEERS(ALLEGED TO BE TNI BEGAN TOINFILTRATE INTO SABAH & SARAWAK TOENGAGE IN RAIDS" SABOTAGE & SPREADPROPAGANDA

SUKARNO DECLARED THAT HE WAS


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THE CONFRONTATION

1% AUG 1$%3 BRITISH GURKHASCLASHED WITH ', INDONESIAGUERRILLAS

1% SEP 1$%3 THE FORMATION OFTHE FEDERATION OF MALAYSIA

BRUNEI DECIDED AGAINST OININGMALAYSIA

PHILLIPINES BREAK OFF DIPLOMATICRELATIONS WITH MALAYSIA

SINGAPORE SEPARATED LATER


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!T

$

TENSION ROSE ON BOTH SIDESOF THE STRAITS OF MALACCA

IN AKARTA" RIOTERS BURNED

THE BRITISH EMBASSY & SACKEDTHE SINGAPORE EMBASSY

IN KUALA LUMPUR" CROWDS

ATTACKED THE INDONESIANEMBASSY


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!T

1,

THE FLOW OF CONFRONTATION ITSTARTED IN BORNEO.KALIMANTAN

AUG 1$%# - IT MO!E TO PENINSULAR

MALAYSIAAIR.SEABORNE 1,, SOLDIERS

MO!ED BY BOATS !IA THE STRAITS OFMALLACA LANDED IN SOUTH OHORE*

THEY WERE KILLED & CAPTURED BYCOMMONWEALTH FORCES

SEP 1$%# 2 X C13, LOAD AROUNDLABIS $% / IN!ADERS


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!T

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SUKARNO WAS LIMITED IN HISOPTION FOR OPPOSING MALAYSIA

THE INDONESIA ARMED FORCES

THOUGH WELL E0UIPPED WEREINCAPABLE TO ENGAGE THE BRITISHOPENLY

SUKARNO ENCOURAGED SUB!ERSI!EMO!EMENT ALREADY EXISTED INBORNEO AS AN ALTERNATI!E


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GUERRILLA WARFARE

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IN 1$%# INDONESIA TROOPS BEGAN TORAID AREAS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA"ARMED INDONESIA WERE CAPTURED IN

OHORE

COMMONWEALTH FORCES DEPLOYED 1 /BATTALION GURKHAS WITH SUPPORTFROM ROYAL AIR FORCE & ROYAL NA!Y

1+ AUG 1$%# INDONESIA PARATROOPERS

LANDED IN SOUTH OHORE (LABIS &ATTEMPT TO ESTABLISH GUERILLA GROUPS

SEP 1$%# NEW )EALAND ARMY CAPTURED

INDONESIAN SOLDIERS LANDED IN PONTIAN


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!!CONT

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AN 1$%' AUSTRALIA REINFORCED TROOPS

TO BORNEO

MAC 1$%' INDONESIA SABOTAGE HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANK (MACDONALD

HOUSE IN SINGAPORE KILLING 3 PEOPLE &INURED 33

MID 1$%' INDONESIA GO!T OPENLY USEINDONESIAN ARMED FORCES

UN 1$%' INDONESIA TROOPS CROSSEDINTO SEBATIK ISLAND (TAWAU CLASHEDWITH COMMONWEALTH TROOPS" INDONESIA

TROOPS WITHDREW


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END OF CONFRONTATION

1#

3, SEP 1$%' INDONESIA ARMY

CRUSHED AN ATTEMPT COUP BY THEPARTI KOMUNIS INDONESIA (PKI

EARLY 1$%% GROUP LED BY GEN

SUHARTO CAME INTO POWER ININDONESIA

INDONESIA INTEREST IN CONTINUINGWAR WITH MALAYSIA DECLINED

2 MAY 1$%% MALAYSIA & INDONESIAGO!T DECLARED THE CONFLICT O!ER

13 AUG 1$%% THE CONFRONTATION

WAS O!ER* RE-ESTABLISH DIPLOMATIC


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CASUALTIES

1'

MALAYSIA.COMMONWEALTHTROOPSKIA 11#WIA 11

INDONESIAN FORCESKIA '$,WIA 22,

CI!ILLIANKIA 3%WIA '3


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BRITISH RES"ONSE TO THE

CONFRONTATION

1%

THE BRITISH RESPONDED IN A 2 PRONGEDMANNER

IN ORDER TO DETER THE INDONESIANFROM MOUNTING AN OPEN ATTACK ON

MALAYSIA" SUBSTANTIAL AIR.NA!ALFORCES FROM COMMONWEALTHCOUNTRIES WERE DEPLOYED IN & AROUNDSINGAPORE


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TIMELINE - CHRONOLOGY

1+

DEC 1$%2 BRITISH TROOPSCRUSHED BRUNEI RE!OLT

AN 1$%3 SUBANDRIOANNOUNCED THE POLICY OF

CONFRONTATION

SEP 1$%3 THE FEDERATION OFMALAYSIA

MAC 11$%' MAC DONALD HOUSEIN SINGAPORE BOMBED

SEP 1$%' INDONESIAN ARMY

CRUSHED ATTEMPT COUP BY PKI


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SUMMARY

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PERIOD FROM 1$%1-1$%'

RELATIONS BETWEEN MALAYSIA &INDONESIA WERE COLOURED BYHOSTILITIES" CONFLICT &

CONFRONTATIONSSUKARNO GO!T PERCEI!ED THE

FEDERATION OF MALAYSIA WAS A

FORM OF NEO-COLONIALISM BRITISH RETAIN CONTROL OFECONOMIC & POLITICAL POWER INSE ASIA**HIS !ISION WAS PUREINDEPENDENCE WITHOUT


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SUMMARYCONT

1$

BY DECLARING CONFRONTATION"

SUKARNO WAS NOT ONLY FACINGMALAYSIA BUT BRITAIN AS WELL ASAMERICANS* BOTH HA!E ECONOMIC"

POLITICAL & STRATEGIC INTERESTSIN MALAYSIAN REGION

SUKARNO USED CONFRONTATION

AS A POLITICAL 4ESCAPISM5 FROMTHE INDONESIAN MASSES TODISTRACT THEM FROM DOMESTICPROBLEMS


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2,

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10 - Malaysia-Indonesia Confrontation