-
..
120-
5 (10) 2003
-
5 (10) 2003 -
120- " "
..
:
3
12
, 26
68
74 84
- 2003
-
( 120- )
. I. , . .
Sevastopol. Fleet being inshore when Emperor Nicolas the First
has a looks at it. 1852. Fragment from lithography by painter
Ayvazovskiy. Central Naval Museum
XIX , . , 18531856 . , , , , , .
.. (17881851) . - 120- (1841 ), (1849 ) (1852 ), , 12 , .
, , , 3040 XIX . , . , , , .
B.C. , - ,
.
( 2 )
In second quarter of XIX century Black Sea Fleet had been
created on South marine borders. Russian Navy on Black Sea took the
deserving place among best Europe Fleets. It was a short period in
Russian wooden shipbuilding, but it also was as the heyday of
marine engineering to have been interrupted by Crimean War
18531856. When admiral M.P.Lazarev was as Commander-in-Chief,
120-guns three-decks Men-of-War constructed according to new
technologies, were the same as its English ships. Twelve Apostles
was a flag ship of admiral Lazarev. The ship was large, handsome
and had beared high-power bomb guns. Twelve Apostles is a
masterpiece of Russian and world shipbuilding.
-
( )
.
..
Black Sea Fleet at Feodosia.
Fragment from picture of Ayvazovskly
29 1802 I, .., , 1. , , .
I (18251855) , . XX .. I II, , . , : , I ... , , ... ...
(, ) ...2.
I , . . I . : , , ; , 3. 1828 .
- 18281829 : , , -
-
( 4 )
120-
Waterloo" 1833
English 120-guns ship Waterloo.
1833
, , , . , , - , .
, 31 1834 , , 4. -- - . ( .) .. 5. , . .., , : ... , 18- , 1855
, -
( 120- )
... , , , . , , ...6.
1830- . , 1834 120- 110- 7. 18231827 - , , , , - , . 1832 .. 33
8.
10 , 18531856 . Ville de Paris, 1807 , Jena 1814, Jupiter 1816,
Henri IV 1829 9. 1833 ..: , , , 11 , , , , . "" , , ... "", , , -
!! , ... "" , "" ... . , 6 ...10.
25 1834 .. ..-
I
Emperor Nicolas the First
-
4
.
Covered slipway 4 in Nicolaet/s
Admiralty
( 5 )
. , , , ... , ...11.
26 1835 I . 69 : 120-- ; 84- 12; 60- ; 44- ; ; ( ) 10; ; ; .
2,5 ., 1,9 , 60- 1,4 12. , , . 21 1836 . 13 6 ., 2 , 4 14. , ,
15 ., , , , , 15.
1830- . , , , , , . () -
( )
, . , , : No admittance for strangers, 16. , . , .. . 17 1836 ,
.
1836 .- , - 20 .. . , , , .
17 1834 .. - .. - -
.
Admiral MP. Lazarev
-
( 120- )
()
Saws. Slender vertical trihedral
(upper) and round saws
( 6 )
,
1841
View at Nicolaev City. 1841
. , , . .. , ... , , 17. 1834 (30 ) ( ; , ...) , , . !
, . , .., , . .
, . . - () , , .
, , 18361839 , , , . , , . , . , , .. , , . , .. , ,
-
( )
:
.,
1821 (
)
Various methods used for attaching:
Left according to Sir Robert
Seppings sistem; Right according
to old Russian sistem before 1821.
Both are taken from original model
of the ship Twelve Apostles.
Central Naval Museum
, . .. I , . , , .
.. .., - .. . .. , . , . (John Fincham) , , (Joseph Peack)
(Isaak Blackburn) , .
- , . , - :
- , . : ...18.
1813 - 19 -, . : , , , , . , . , , 20.
. 27 1821 21. , 1832 - , . 18351837
., -
1813
1832
Sir Robert Seppings, Surveyor of
British Navy in 18131832
( 7 )
-
( 120- )
, , , , , 22.
, , . , , , . , , . : , 120- 84- . , .
1836 , . 21 1836 , , () : - ... , , , , , ...23. . , , , : , ,
.
: , , 1/6 ...24.
, , , . .. ..: ... , , 25. .. ., , 1837 .
18371838 , . , (dry rot) , . , , . .. , ... , , , ; , , , ... ..
- - .. , ...26.
1836 . , -
., -
1832
1847
Sir William Symonds, Surveyor
of British Navy in 18321847
( 8 )
-
( )
120-
. 1839
120-guns ship Rossiya launching.
1839
. .. - , . -. , 27.-
1838 , . , .
, , . , ..
.- 28. 5 1839 120- , ..
4 1838 120- , 28 29. .., ... , , (, , , ). , , , , . XVIII . , ,
6 , , , , , , -
( 9 )
-
( 120- )
110-
Queen 1839
English 110-guns ship Queen.
1839
, 30. . , , - 31.
1837 , . 1833 110-- Queen, , ..
Queen 1839 , , , .. . 11 1845 , , Queen, : , , ...32. Queen
-
120- 110- Queen
, :
, () , ():
- , () -, () , () , ():
, () -, ()
- , ():
15 1841
4789,98 2848,40
2112(64,36)
5710(17,63) 596 (18,14) 276 (8,38)
2089 (63,63) 1939 (59,06)
259 (7,85) 246 (7,47) 13 (0,38) 66(1,98)
207 (6,27) 153 (4,65)
Queen
15 1839
5246,40 3104,00
2074 (63,20)
5927, (18,05) 600 (18,29) 246 (7,47)
2040 (62,24) 16651/2 (50,74)*
256 (7,80) 245 (7,44) 11 (0,33) 66(1,98)
1811 (5,77) 143 (4,34)
( 10 )
-
( 11 )
. ., 1841 , .
, . . , -. 1841 . , , : , 1821 , , 1838 , . ., . , , , . , , ..
Queen.
-
. (1849 ) (1853 ), .
, , . , 1840 , , .. - ..: ..., , ...33. : ... ...34.
: , , . , ... ... , ...35.
"
.
..
The ship Twelve Apostles on
slipway. Lithography by .. Prohorov
( )
-
( 12 )
,
Scarphs to have been applicated
in the wooden shipsbuilding
.
Fixing of keel's parts. Vertical
and horizontal scarph joint
?
. , .
36; . 1833 , . 1112 . , -
( 120- )
-
,
XIX (
).
:
1838 ,
.;
.
Systems of attaching used in wooden
shipbuilding in XIX century.
Lett: Russian system before 1838.
Right: fixing of stern at W. Symonds'
method
( ).
. , , , . : , , , , , . , . .
, , . , .
: - 1 9 (0,53 ), 25 (0,64 ), 1 4 (0,41 ), 38 (0,97 ), 1 6 (0,46
), 32 (0,81 ).
6 (152 ) , . , . ,
( 13 )
. - .
. 41/2 (114 ), 9 (2,74 ), 1 (25,4 )
Sagging of the frames
, . , .
-, . , -.
. 33 ( 10 ) . . . ,
-
( 120- )
. ( ). , , . ( ), -.
, .
, , , , . , . , . , . , , . , . , . , . , .
, , . , . . , . , -.
. .
( 14 )
3 (76,2 ) , 2 (50,8 ).
: , , . , . , 5 (127 ). , 1/8 , 3/4 . 35.
. , , . ,
Costruction of Rudder
-
( 15 )
.
, , .
Frame costruction. Wooden joints,
frames making instrument, cokes.
Frames rising and fittings
. . . . , - , . , , , -
. , , , . . () , , -
( )
.
Bow and stern deadwoods.
The frames fitting
-
.
Main and filling frames. Futtocks
.
Floor-timbers. Methods of floor-
timbers' joint
( 120- )
, - . 31/2 (88,9 ) 21/2 (63,5) . , 12 , : , -- . , (), . , , . ,
, .
, , , : ; ; .
, , , . , , .
. ,
Sagging. Wooden girder
( 16 )
-
( )
Filling frames
, , 39.
( , ), . - - . --, -. . .
, , --. . . . . , .
1821 .,
( 17 )
Wooden breasthooks in hold
Bow hawsepieces
, . - , . , . - .
. . , . , . - .. - .. 1 1837 37. , .. : ... , ... , . , , , , .
, . . 38. , , :
-
( 18 )
Scupper pipes
. , . , , . . .
, . , , ; . , , . . -
, , , . . - . - .
(-, - -), (), - . , , . , . : , , (), - . () , . - , . , . , , .
, , , - , . .
, .
, , , ,
. - .. , . 1/4 6 , .
Iron knee riders in hold.
( 120- )
-
( 19 )
Beam to be fitting with side
of the ship. Beam of three timbers.
. .
, .
.-. 18361837 , . : , , ... . , ...40. .- , , ., , . , . , . , ,
. , -41.
, . : , , , .
.
Ceiling of surface part
, ,
1838
(),
.
()
Left Seppings iron forked knee and
clamps used before 1838. Right:
Symonds iron forked knee and
rubbing band.
( )
ab , .
f i -, .
X
-
, . , : ... . , -, , , ... ... , , , , ( . .), ,
( 20 )
..
Beam to be fitting with side of the
ship according to Symonds. Ceiling
.
Various aspects of Symonds iron
forked knee contruction
,
1838
Iron forked knee used before 1838
( 120- )
. 1840 .. . . 84- , . . , -
-
, .
Deck costruction. Hatch. Topside view
...42.
, . , . , .., , , .
, , , . ( ), ( ). , 1 , . , 5 2 ( 127 51 ) 5 7 ( 127 178 ).
. :
, , , ;
( )
.
Skin. Fixing a bulwark rail
( 21 )
-
( 120- )
, ;
24 ;
, .
. , , . .
, 120- , , -, , -, -. , , , . - . --
. , .
, , . , I, , , . 6 7 (152178 ) , , , , , , . , , . , . -
(),
()
Lett: Method of skin position. Right-
Steam box
(),
()
Left: Position of steamy timber with
handy tools. Right: Two-wheel
and ordinary jacks
( 22 )
ca 1/2 . - - - , . - -. - .
, . , , , . . , -
-
( )
.
4 (102 ), 14 (356 ) 1/16 (1,6 ). 106 1/2 (38 ). , . , XVII ,
1761 Alarm. 1790- 43.
23 1781 , , 1782 , , . .
, . , , . -
. - . , 1/3. . .
. . (), . , . , , , .
(), . - - -
Constituents of head knee and its
rising
, , . : , , - --. - -
. - - . - , , , , -
( 23 )
D ( , )
-
Stern development: left: straight stem;
centre: Seppings apple stern; right:
Symonds elliptical stern
( 24 )
:
(),
. (
),
. ()
Latrine construction
( 120- )
. . , .
. , . : + + .
, -. - -.
- -. , , . -, , .
, , , . , , . .
, . .
,
-
( 25 )
( )
.
()
120-
- ()
Stem development: left: straight stem;
centre: Seppings apple stern; right:
Symonds elliptical stern of model
-Twelve Apostles. 1841
, , , , 44.
120-
After catwalks and 120-guns ship's model Twelve Apostles aft
thread. 1841
, . . , (, ).
353 . , 100 . , 1800 , 4000 , 14 000 , 300 - , 700 , 5300 , 180
, 120 , 30 , 1200 , 400 . 520 -
-
Timber preparing
( 26 )
50 . Royal William 1719 , 1757 1792 ! . 1817 , . , - , , .
45.
, 1830- , , , : , , . , , . , , , . , , . 46.
, . , , , . , , , . , ... ... , , , ,
. , , , , , , - , . , . .. , . , , . 18371839 - .
. , Victory -
( 120- )
,
-
( 27 )
, , , , . (, ) . - , , . , . . , .
(, ) . , , , , , .
, , , . , -
- , , ...47.
, , , , . , , 48. : , , , , - , , , . , . , , 49.
. . , , , ; .
.
,
Chatam City on English engraving.
1830-years
-
( 28 )
... , ( . . .), . . , . , , , 52. .
. 7 1834 .. : , , , ... .... ., - 53.
- . 1841 : ( . ..)... , , . ... , , , (dry rot) , ... , !...
7
.
.
Covered slipway 7. Water-colour
by L. Premazzi
... , , , .... , . . , , 50. , , .
. (W.N.Glascock) , . (914 ) . - , , , . , . , 51.
- .. , , -
( 120- )
-
( , )
, , , ..."54. , , , , , very excellent , . , , .
, 1851 : " ". . ...55.
, . . : , - 39,2 1,07 . , , , : , , , . , , , , . , , , . , , ,
.. . , , , .
, ,
( 29 )
--. , , , , , : , , , . - . , , . , . , , . , ( 6 ), , 21/2 .
.
() , - - , - -. - 4 3 , . . . - , . , , . - 1 , . , , - , . , -,
, . -
-
( 120- )
()
Left: bowsprit fool step. Right: mast
hole
, , . - - -, -.
. . (-), , . 9 .
() , -. , , , . . . , - . - ,
( 30 )
3/10 , -, 11/6 , . , 1/10 . , .
, . , -. , , . , 18 . , 54 45 . : 4 , - 4 . 2024 . , , : -
-
( 32 )
9 ; ( 18 , ); 9 - . 3336 . . . , -, 11/2 .
- . , . , 3 . , , , , 2/5 .
( )
, -, . , , , 31/2 . . , 7/8 . : 1/2 , , 7/8 (6/8 1/8 ). , 1/2 .
, 9/10, 8/10 . . 1/3 5/8
( 120- )
. -, , , . , , 1/3 7/8 .
, 11/2 , . , , 11/2 2 , , 1 .
,
-, , , . , - . -- 1 . . - : 1/2 , 2/3 , 6 . . , , .
- , 1/3 -, , , .
- , : , . 810 , 4 . -
-
( 34 )
-, 2/3 . 1/3 , .
3 . , . , . , , . 2 , 12 , , -. -. , .
. , . , . .
, . , : . , . .
-. - - , -- . - 1/8 , 1/6 . - . . , , . 5/6 , 5/9. -, . 2/5 , ,
41/2 , 21/2 .
-, , 4 . . , , . . 1/2 , , . . , 9/13 , 20/21, . 5/9 .
, -, , . -
( 120- )
-
( 36 )
-, , -. -, , .
, , . :
, ;
, - -, -;
, - .
. - 1/2 , 1 7 / 8 , 5/9 . -, 5/6 , .
- -- . - , - 2/3 , - . -, , . -; - , .
- , -- 11/2 . --.
- -. -
( 120- )
. , 3 , 3/4 . , .
, , . , 40/41, 9/10 3/4 . . 251/2 1/3 . , , , . 78 , 75, 1/2 ;
3/11 1/5 . , -.
, , - . : 22/5 , , , 3/4 ; 5/8 , 1/6 ; 11/2 1/7 . , . 11/2 1/16
. , .
-
-
( 38 )
( 120- )
81 (24,3 ). , , - . . 1/6 -. , 7/8 , -. - 1/4 , . - , . - . 1/2
-, 1/4 , 2 , . - --, .
- - -- . : , -. , 1/4 , . , - .
- 1/12 . 1/4 , . - . , . - . , , . - , -. -- , 1/12 , , . -- 1/4
- .
-.
3/4,
2/3 . , , 5 . , 1/10 . 1 , , , 1 , . , , .
, , . , . , . - 7/8 21/2 .
, , . , , , , -. . .
, , 2/3 . . 1/7 , . . -. , - .
- . 1/3 , , 2/3 . ,
-
( 39 )
-, -. - 1/60 .
- , 1/2 . - 1/3, 2/9 -.
- 2/3 , 1/66 , 3/4, 2/3 . , . --. 2/9 . .
- , . . 1/3 - . , -, -. 3/4 , 3 . , -. --- . - , .
- -, , 1/12 . 1/30 . , , --. - , -.
2/5 , 1/60 . 21/4 , 1/66 .
. .
, -, . , . .
. - - - , . -. - .
1840
. , , , . , , ,
Double and single capstan
construction
( , )
-
( 40 )
( 120- )
Chainwales. Fixing a lower shrouds
, , 4000 2, , :
... , , , , 11/2 .
3 108 116, , , , , , .
, , , , , , , , , 3 , 68 72 .
- : 5 4 , - 2 .
: 5 1 / 2 ., 5 ., - 5 ., - 5 ., 4 .
, 68 72 :
: 1.
.
2. - , 1/3 : 1/6 , . 4 , .
3. 1/2 , .
4. 1/2 , .
5. -- , 1/2 , , .
, , -, .
: 1.
, , 1/2 , 11/2, .
2. , 1/5 , , , 6 , .
3. -- . 4. - 1/2 ,
, --, , .
5. 1/2 , - .
6. 1/2 , .
7. -- , , 1/3 , , .
, , -, , , , .
1/3 .
-
( 41 )
, , , , , .
- , . , , 50 :
13/4 , 3/4 . 81/2 , 21/2 , 111/2 . , , .
, .
. , , , ,
,
.
30-40 XIX
Drawing of masting and sails to have
been used in British Navy. 30 - 40
years of XIX cent
, - , , , 6 .
-- : .
4- - -- 1/2 , , , , 6, 3 . -- , .
- 1/3 , -, , , , 4 . .
, -, -
( , )
-
( , )
, , , .
, , 1/7 , - 1/9.
, , 1/10 , , , 3/4 .
. , , , 1250 6- ...56.
. , . , , . 1834 .. , . . 29 1833 ..- .. : , , , : , , , , ... ,
, , , , , 57, ....
, ..
.. , - . , , , 58. , . , , ( ) . 4 1834 .. .. : ... ... , , , ,
. , ...59.
, , , -
,
, -
Flags, masthead flags, burgees
( 45 )
-
( 120- )
, 1806 . , , 1849 . , , 1840 , , , , , , 1849 , , . 120- , , 84-
, ( - .. ) .
1806 (, , -, ), (, , ). 17 1830 .. , . : , . , , -- , , --; 60.
, , .
, 1840 , .. . On masting ships and mast-making, 1829 61. , ,
.
, . , , .
, . , . . : , ( . ..) , . , ...62.
1847 . .. , 1841 . .. , ... : ... 1840 ..., ... . , , ... , , ,
...63.
17 1849 I . 1840 , , , .
( 46 )
-
( 63 )
. , , , , - -- , , . , , . . , . , .
., , . , , . , , - , , . , .
, 92- Rodney 84-- Asia . : Rodney 205 6 , 54 6 ; Asia 196 52 1 .
28 144 . 27 576 .-, 28 100 . . 24 , , - . , -
.
.. : : - - . - - . - - . . , 64. , . , , .. 65 . , 9 1850 .. ..
66.
.., . , , . . . : " " . , . ... , , , , ...67.
. , . .. , -
( , )
-
( 120- )
3 1838 , , .. 50 , , , , . ... ... .
.. I : " " ...70. . . , .
2 . , , , .
1841 . . : . , . , . , , . . , (), .
( 64 )
, . - . , 900 1000 ; 20 000 , , , 68.
: .. , , . 1832 . , .., .. : ... , , , . Sir Rob. Seppings, ,
61/2 , ...69.
:
Twelve Apostles internal member.
Marble fireplace
-
( , )
XIX
Wood ship launching gear. Middle of
XIX cent
.
, . - - .
15 1841 , , : 38- , , , , , , . 1837 , . -
( 65 )
.., , , . : , , -, - . , .
1841 . , - . -
-
( 66 )
.
..
Portsmouth, one from major centre
of England shipbuilding.
Engraving is taken from Leonid
Amirhanov's collection
, . .. : ..., , , . , , , , , , . , . ( ) , , , . , , , : , , ,
, ...71.
, .- ... , . .
, ., 1858 . ,
. , . 1839 1841 . 1839 , , : ( ) , , , 72.
, 5 , . : , . . ., , , , , . , , ...73.
, . . , : ... " " , ... , , . , -
( 120- )
-
( 67 )
.
.
Plymouth, one from the famous
British Shipbuilding Centre.
Engraving is taken trom Leonid
Amirhanov's collection
( , )
, , , . , , .. , , , 74.
.. , ... 14 1842 .. : , " ". , , , , , SO- ... , , ....
. . : ( . ..) , , , , , ....
. : , . , , . , ... - , .... . , , , .
, . , 1839 , , , , ,
-
68-
Drawing of English 68-pounds bomb
gun
( 68 )
.. , , , .
17/29 1835 ( ) 68- , , 75. 1836 .
.. .. 6 1836 , , , .
(4 1838 ) , .
. , : ... 68- , , , , ...76. , .. , . : " " 68- , , , ...77.
, 1839 , 68- : -78. . ,
( 120- )
-
( 69 )
1 237 (505,7 ), 0 1 3 9 (296,6 ). 7 14 2,6 .
, , , , . , , , . , , . , , , .
. 1840 , , Medea , , . , , , , .
, . .. , , , ... , .
. , . 220 (3520 ), 8,42 ,
(214 ), 8 8,61 (2,66 ), 8,27 (210 ) 68- , .
, 11 1839 I 32 68- .
, 1839 1844 . , , , . .. , . , , , .. , .
9 1839 - ... , . 68- 8 (203 ) , 8 3,75 (2,54 ). , , , 79.
.. . - - .. , , , . , .. , , . - : 68- , ,
-
( 120- )
68-
Russian 68-pounds bomb gun on gun
carnage
. 80. , 68- 8,42 , 8 .
, 32 1841 . , .. : ... , ,
, , ..., - , , , , ...81.
68- - , 174 ; .
120-
-
-
-
68- 36-
36-
36- -
24- -
28 4
34
34
24
( 70 )
-
1842 , , , 18- -, .
120-
. 32 , , -
( )
120-
:
68-
; 36-
; 36-
; 36- -
; 24-
-
Twelve Apostles guns:
68-pounds bomb gun;
36-pounds long gun;
36-pounds shortgun;
36-pounds carronade;
24-pounds carronade
68-
36-
36-
36- -
24- -
,
8,00
6,80
6,80
6,80
5,95
,
7,85
6,65
6,65
6,65
5,80
83,75
91
711,33
611,33
61
12,47
16
14
12,25
12,25
,
1840
1942
1682
1422
962
,
51,75
43,50
43,50
43,50
29,00
,
5530
4200
3530
3800
2534
0,303
( 71 )
-
36-
36-pounds long gun's non-action
position
.
-
Angle of gun high and gun carriage
construction. Carronade carriage were
different from gun's one only with a
screw existance instead of wedge
( 120- )
1839 .
. 36- - , , - .. , 80- , . , . . .. , , , ( ), , 83.
. .. 68- . , , , , , . .. 84.
. 1853 -
36- .
, .., , 1839 82. , 8,42 , . -
( 72 )
-
( )
68- (8-)
14,50 12,75
7,68
10,79 1,68
12,47
97,98 85,96
20 51,47 72,33 11,42 83,75 07,16 03,88 00,225 05,96
, Royal Albert Queen, : 32 - ; 34 32-
; 34 32- ; - 6 14 32- .
( 73 )
-
( 74 )
.
..
Black Sea Fleet Ships. From picture
by IK. Ayvazovskiy Old Fleet
, . , , , . , , , , .
.- .. , : 400 500 ,
... , , , ...85.
.. , . 1837 ; .. , , . , .
. ,
( 120- )
-
. 1846 .
..
Sevastopol. 1846. From a picture by
Bogolubov
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New naval barracks in Sevastopol.
From picture by I.K. Ayvazovskiy
( 75 )
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Prince A.S.Menshikov
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Vice-admiral V.A.Kornilov
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Great Prince Konstantin Nicolaevich
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, 1854
Sevastopol. 1854
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Sevastopol. 1854
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Dry docks complex in Sevastopol
( 81 )
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( 82 )
( 120- )
. 18 1853 . 1854 . , , .
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15 1854 . , Agamemnon - .- .
, , , -, , -. -
Piece of French chart of Sevastopol's
reinforsings marked Twelve
Apostles position
. 18 1854 .. . , , , .
: 6 1855 .. .. : " "... . , . 102.
13 14 1855 . , . , , ...
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Deluging of Black Sea Fleet. From
picture by I.A. Vladimirov
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1840
( )*
2,268
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0,210
0,527
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0,216
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1840
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0,450
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0,320
1,390 1,000
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0,461 0,351 0,223
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0,130
0,351
0,351 0,219
2-
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0,450
1,200 0,600
0,400
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2,360 1,410 0,784 0,588
1,250 0,709 0,531
1,010 0,563 0,422
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0,560 0,422 0,260 0,170 0,119
0,490 0,371 0,227 0,151 0,106
0,371 0,260 0,170 0,119 0,083
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0,371 0,232
: 1. , , , , . : 3-
50 , 50 2,23 =111,5 -. 50 0,67 = 33,5 . 2. , , , . : 2- 175 .
175 0,55 = 96,25
-. 175 0,471 =82,425 -. 175x0,146 = 25,55 -- ..
( 92 )
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6
1840 103
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48,6 43
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( 93 )
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1840
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'. .148. 0.1..1..1,1. 2 . - . ., 19091910.
.224. 3. .243. .1. .1862. .6, 7. 4 8 1833 . 5 . 1883. .. .262. 6
.. . 18701881 .. .
. 7 A.M.
1852 ( ) // . 1900. 3. .1055.
8. .243. .1. .3182. .9, 9 . 9. .205. .1. .1090. .1,1 . 10John
Fincham. A History of Naval Architecture. London. 1851. P.405, 406.
11. .315. .1. .775. .. ... .28, 29. 12. .243. .1. .3182. ., 3 . 13.
.283. .1. .3508. .243. .1. .3182..126 . 14. .180. .517/1. .3889. -
-
. 15. .410. . ..124..1 16. .410. .1. .180. .12,12 . 17. .158. .
1. .1155. .26 . 18. .243. .1. .3183. . . 19An outline of
shipbuilding. By Jonh Fincham, Esq., master-shipwright of Her
Majesty's
dockyard, Portsmouth; Author of A History of Naval Architecture
and other works. London, 1852.P.16,17.
20 . 21John Fincham. A History of Naval Architecture. London.
1851. P.199206. 22. .243. .1. .1320. .1. 23. .158. .1. .1155. .22.
24. .243. .1. .3604. .1. 25. .243. .1. .3604. .1 . 26. .158. .1.
.1062. .1,1 . 27. .243. .1. .3071. .1,1 . 28. .243. .1. .3439. .4,
5. 29. .161. .1. .984. .15. 30. .283. .1. .4470. .4. 31An outline
of shipbuilding. By Jonh Fincham, Esq., master-shipwright of Her
Majesty's
dockyard, Portsmouth;... London, 1852. Part I. P.74, 75, Part
II. P.184,185. 32Ibid. Part I. P.4650.
33 Memoirs of the Life and Services of Real-Admiral Sir
W.Symonds..., Surveyor of the Navy from 1832 to 1847. London. 1858.
P.673.
34lbid. P.337. . .327. On.2. .55. Queen. .327. .1. .221. . '
.
35. .1049. .1. .225. .8. 36. .158. .1. .978. .13, 3030 . 37.
.243. .1. .3760. .1. 38. .243. .1. .3760. .2527 . 39. .243. .1.
.3760. .. 40. .158. .1. .1155. .22 ,23 . 41. .243. .1. .3760.
.1012. 42. .161. .1. .1211. .7 .8 . 43An outline of shipbuilding.
By Jonh Fincham, Esq., master-shipwright of Her Majesty's
dockyard, Portsmouth;.London, 1852. Part III. P.62. 44. .243.
.1. .4230. .36, 37. 45A Treatise containing the results of numeruos
experiments on the Preservation of
Timber from Premature Decay and on the preventon of the progress
of rottenness, when already commenced in ships and building. By
W.Chapman. London, 1817. P.9,5759,66.
46An Epitome, historical and statistical, descriptive of the
Royal Naval Service of England, by E. Miles. London, 1841.
P.78.
47. .8. .4. .78. .1 ., 2. 48An outline of shipbuilding. By Jonh
Fincham, Esq., master-shipwright of Her Majesty's
dockyard, Portsmouth; Author of A History of Naval Architecture
and other works. London. 1852. Part III. P.1216
49lbid. PI618. 50. .158. .1. .1155. .1617 ., 18. 51 . . ., 1839.
. 154156. 52. .243. .1. .3160. .3435. 53. .205. .1. .1579. .12 .
54Memoirs of the life and servises of real-admiral sir William
Symonds, KT, .,
FRS, Surveyor of the navy from 1832 to 1847: with correspondence
and other papers relative to the ships and vessels constructed upon
his lines. London, 1858. P.283, 285, 286.
55. .19. .1. .285. . 2123 . 56 . . 1840. 57. -,
, . 58. .205. .1. .1441. .79 . 59. .315. .1. .775. ..
* 6- : 1 = 1,829 ; , , ** , .
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60. 3. 61 . 62Memoirs of the life and servises of real-admiral
sir William Symonds...London, 1858.
P.283. 63. .243. .1. .5022. .12 , 8,10, 23 . 24 . 64. .243. .1.
.5022. .38, 38 . 65. 4. 66. .243. .1. .5022. .45 ., 46. 67 . 1855,
12. .216. 68. .870. .2. .291.
18411842 . 69. .. ... .315. .1. .775. ..
672 .
70. .19. .1. .224. .16. 71 . 1883. .. .388, 389. 72Memoirs of
the Life and Services of Real-Admiral Sir W.Symonds.., Surveyor of
the
Navy from 1832 to 1847. London, 1858. P.219. 73Memoirs of the
Life and Services of Real-Admiral Sir W.Symonds.., Surveyor of
the
Navy from 1832 to 1847. London, 1858. P.220. 74 30 31 1838
. , .
75. .243. .1. .3424. .41 , 42 76. .1048. .1. .180. .5. 77. .165.
.1. .842. .9. 78. .1049. .1. .225. .51. 79. .165. .1. .842. 80.
.1048. .1. .179. .52, 72. 81. .1048. .1. .179. .202. 82. .1242. .1.
.120.
83W.Kennish. A method for cocentrating the fire of a broadside
of War, with an Appendix. London, 1837.
84. .1048. .1. .179. .1. 85. .243. .1. .4360. .1, 2. 86Memoirs
of the life and servises of real-admiral sir William Symonds, KT,
.,
FRS, Surveyor of the Navy from 1832 to 1847: with correspondence
and other papers relative to the ships and vessels constructed upon
his lines. London, 1858. P.281, 282.
87. .19. .2. .121. .. ... .61. 88... . .:
, -. 89... . .:
, -. 90 . . 18701881 .. .
. .856. .1..87. 88. 91. .19. .1. .224. .1116. 92. .227. .1.
.175. .24, 25. 93. .243. .1. .5371. .17. 94- . . . ., 1947. .90.
95. .315. .1. .776. .1,2. Sailtrimers, Firemen Boarders
, . 96 . 97. .13. .1. .1. .8688 . 98. .13. .1. .1. .87. 99
. 10. .13. .1. . ?. .120 ., 121. 101 . 1853, 11. ,
12 , , , 11 . 102... . ., 1954. .457. 103. .243. .1. .1607.
.3436. 104. .243. .1. .5022.
1958 .
( ); . - XVIIIXIX , . : - 3050 XIX - ( ).
: , "" . 19141918 , .. , .., , 18531856 . .
: 1 .., .., .., .., ..; .., ;
, ..
: 1- . , ..; 2- . 120- " ",
..; 3- . , ..;
4- . 120- " ", ...
-
-, 5 (10) 2003
120-
ISBN 5-85875-001-X
.., 2003 . .., 2003 -
. .., 2003
. .., 2003
: .., .. : .. : .., ..
20.11.2003 60 84/8 Helios . . 320
04631 26.04.2001 193024, -, / 71 E-mail: [email protected]
-
84- , 1836 () 120- , 1849
84-guns ship , 1836 (upper) and 120-guns ship , 1849
-
92- Rodney, 1833 () 110- Queen, 1839
English 92-guns ship Rodney, 1833 (upper) and english 110-guns
ship Queen, 1839
-
2 0 0 3 :
.. . . .. .. .. ..
"" "" " " ""
120- " "
:
.. ""
