T HC PHOTOSHOP CS6

(Su tm v bin son)

Mc lc

Bi 1 - Cc tnh nng c bn Photoshop CS6

1. Giao din lm vic

Trong bi ny khng trnh by chi tit tt c cc menu, Palette, v cng c Photoshop CS6 m ch nu mt s khi nim hot ng c bn. Tuy nhin, bn ng lo, bn c th tm hiu cch s dng cc lnh v cc cng c nht nh trong sut cun sch ny, trong cc bi ph hp nht vi chng. Trong bi ny, bn s khm ph nh cch nhn bit cc lnh menu no c cc hp thoi, tam gic nh nm mt gc ca Palette c chc nng g, v nhng cng c no khng s dng thanh Options. Bn cng s tm hiu cch to tu bin mi trng Photoshop lm vic nhanh hn v hiu qu hn. K tip,

bn s hc cch ci t Preferences v Color Settings ca Photoshop. Mc cui ca bi y c l l mc quan trng nht trong ton b cun sch ny - gii thch nhng g cn thc hin Photoshop c v hot ng khng ng cch.

a. Cc PalettePhotoshop (v cc chng trnh khc trong b Adobe Creative Suite) s dng cc Palette di ng. Cc Palette ny lun xut hin phn trn cng ca ca s nh. Mt s chng nm dc theo mp phi ca mn hnh. Ca s nh s khng bao gi che giu cc Palette. (Tuy nhin, cc Palette c th che du cc Palette khc). Thanh Options (nm ngang qua nh ca vng lm vic) v Toolbox (hay thanh cng

c) nm dc theo mp tri ca mn hnh cng cc Palette.

Cc Palette c cc tnh nng Photoshop m bn c th cn truy cp thng xuyn. Khng phi lc no bn cng cn c cc Palette hin th. Trong Photoshop, nhn phm Tab che giu tt c cc Palette hoc nhn Shift+Tab che du c ngoi tr Toolbox v thanh Options. Vi t Palette hin th hn, Palette bn c th to nhiu ch hn cho nh ca bn. Bn c th che giu v hin th cc Palette mt cch c chn lc thng qua menu Windows.

Nh bn thy hnh trn nhiu Palette c th c xp lng (c nhm li vi nhau). a mt Palette ra pha trc, hy nhp vo tab ca n. Bn cng c th r tab ca mt Palette di chuyn n khi mt nhm n mt v tr bt k trn mn hnh hoc vo mt nhm khc. Ngoi ra, cui bn phi ca thanh Options l Palette Well. Theo mc nh Palette Well ny cha cc Palette Brushes, Tool Pre-sets, v Layer Comp. Hy r tab ca mt Palette vo Palette Well a n ra theo cch ca bn nhng vn gi cho n d truy cp.

Nu nhiu Palette ca Photoshop c th c nh li kch c. Ging nh mt ca s nh, bn r gc pha di bn phi ca Palette m rng hay thu hp n. Bn cng c nhiu nt iu khin tnh hin th v kch c ca Palette hay nhm Palette. Hy xem hnh minh ha pha di, nhng ngi dng Macintosh c ba nt gc trn bn tri ca Palette, v nhng ngi dng Windows c mt cp nt nm pha trn bn phi.

- Nhp nt phi che giu Palette (hay nhm Palette)

- Nhp nt tri ti u ho.

Hu nh tt c Palette Photoshop u c mt menu Palette. Bn c th chn nhiu tu chn khc nhau trong nenu ny. (Toolbox v thanh Options khng c cc menu). Bn m menu Palette bng cch nhp vo tam gic nh nm gc trn bn phi ca Palette. Menu Palette cha nhng tu chn nh kch c thumbnail (chng hn cc Palette Layers, Channels, v Paths), cch hin th cc mc trong Palette (Swatches, Styles, v Brushes trong s cc mc khc), hoc kch c v ni dung ca Palette (info v Histogram). Khi Palette c nu c nh trng Palette Well, tam gic vn c tc dng m menu s xut hin trong tab ca Palette.

Ni dung ca mt s Palette thay i t ng khi bn lm vic vi nh ca bn. Hy thm vo mt lp v Palette Layer s hin th mt lp mi. Nu bn lu mt vng chn, Palette Channel s hin th mt knh alpha mi. Khi bn r mt cng c xp, Palette Layer nhn mt lp mi v Palette Path hin th mt n vector ca lp . Bn iu khin mt s Palette khc bng cch ti (v xo) ni dung thng qua cc menu Palette hoc bng lnh Edit | Preset Manager. Hy s dng Preset Manager lu cc tp hp tu bin ca bn cng nh ti

v xo cc mc ra khi cc Palette.

Ngoi ni dung ca cc Palette Brushes, Swatches, Styles, v Tool Presets, bn s dng Preset Manager vi mt s picker (b chn). Cc picker l mt loi mini-Palette, ch c sn vi cc cng c v tnh nng nht nh. Cc picker Gradient v Custom Shape c truy cp thng qua thanh Options khi cc cng c ang c s dng. Picker Pattern c tm thy trong hp thoi Fill, hp thoi Layer Style, v (vi mt s cng c) trong thanh Options. Picker Contour c s dng vi 6 hiu ng trong hp thoi Layer Style.

Photoshop CS6 gii thiu mt s s thay i quan trng i vi Palette Layers, nh minh ha hnh di y:

Cc tp hp lp khng cn na. Ct Link cng bin mt. Thay vo , Photoshop CS6 cung cp cho bn tnh nng chn nhiu lp bng cch nhn Shift+nhp v Ctrl+nhp. Bn c th bin i nhiu lp, nhng bn khng th thm ni dung vo nhiu lp cng lc gi s, lp u mt vng chn trn hay hay ba lp bn cng khng th p dng mt style lp cho nhiu lp ng thi. Bn c th lin kt v to cc nhm lp (tng ng chc nng ca cc tp hp lp) t cc lp c chn thng qua menu Layers.

b. Cc cng cBn iu khin s hot ng ca cc cng c Photoshop thng qua thanh Options. Ngoi tr mt vi cng c lin quan n ng dn (Direct Selection, Add Anchor Point, Delete Anchor Point, v con-vert Point), mi cng c trong Photoshop u c cc tu chn. Thanh Options thay i khi bn chuyn i cc cng c. V trong mt s trng hp, thanh Options thay i trong khi bn lm vic vi cng c. Trong trng hp ca cng c Crop, nh hnh minh ha di y:

Bn c mt tp hp tu chn trc khi bn r cng c v mt tp hp khc sau khi thit lp hp bin.

Cch hot ng ca mt s cng c thay i khi bn thm mt hay nhiu phm chnh sa (Ctrl, Shift, v Alt). Chng hn, cc phm chnh sa c th tc ng n s hot ng ca cng c. Chng ta s xem xt cc cng c Rectangular Marquee v Elliptical Marquee.

- Nhn gi phm Shift trong khi r: Thng thng cc cng c chn marquee l c dng t do - bn r theo bt k cch no bn thch. Mt khc, khi bn nhn gi phm Shift lc bn ang r bn p buc cc t l ca vng chn theo mt hnh vung hay hnh trn (thay v mt hnh ch nht hay lip)

- Nhn gi phm Atl trong khi r: Khi bn nhn gi phm Option/Alt trong khi ang r mt cng c chn marquee, vng chn s c t ngay chnh gia im m bn nhp ln u tin. Thay v l mt gc ca vng chn, im bt u l tm ca vng chn.

- Nhn gi cc phm Shift v Alt trong khi r: Bn c th chn t tm trong khi p buc cc t l bng cch s dng cc phm Shift v Alt kt hp vi nhau.

- S dng phm Shift thm vo mt vng chn hin c: Nu bn c mt vng chn hot ng trong nh, vic nhn Shift+r mt cng c chn s thm vo vng . (Nhn Shift trc khi bn nhp v r)

- S dng phm Alt loi bt khi mt vng chn hin c: Khi bn c mt vng chn v bn nhn gi phm Alt, bn c th r loi bt khi vng chn . Lu trong hnh di y, con tr ca cng c chn hin th mt du tr nh khi loi bt khi mt vng chn.

- p buc vi phm Shift hoc Alt: Bn thm ch c th p buc cc t l hay chn t tm v thm hoc loi bt khi mt vng chn. Nhn phm Shift ( thm vo mt vng chn hin c) hoc phm Alt ( loi bt khi vng chn hin c). Nhp v bt u r cng c chn marquee. Trong khi tip tc nhn gi nt chut, hy th phm b xung v nhn gi Shift ( p buc cc t l) hay Alt ( canh gi vng chn) hoc c hai; sau tip tc r cng c chn ca bn. Bn c th mun s dng k thut ny khi to mt vng chn c hnh dng donut. Hy r vng chn hnh trn ban u, sau loi bt mt vng chn hnh trn nh hn ra khi tm ca hnh trn ban u.

Hy th lm vic vi cc phm b xung trong khi ang lm vi cc cng c. Bn lun lun c lnh Undo (Ctrl+Z) undo cc thao tc m bn thc hin.

2. Tu bin Photoshop CS6

Vic to tu bin Photoshop khng ch gip bn lm vic nhanh hn v hiu qu hn, m cn gip bn lm vic chnh xc hn v trnh bt cc li c th xy ra. Chng ta s xem xt vic s dng mt Preset ca cng c Crop to mt tm nh 5x7 300 pixel trn mi inch (ppi). Mt Preset nh vy s lun to ra cc kch thc mt cch chnh xc. Vic ci t cng c Crop mi ln bn cn mt tm nh c 5x7 300 ppi khng ch ph thi gian m cn m ca cho cc li khc xm nhp vo.

a. Tu bin vng lm vic

Mt trong nhng cch d nht lm vic hiu qu hn l thy nh ca bn r hn. Ni chung cng ln th cng tt, v vy bn c cng nhiu ch hin th artwork ca bn trn monitor th bn c th phng ln v thc hin cng vic cng chnh xc. Cch d nht gia tng vng lm vic (workspace)? Hy nhn phm Tab che giu cc Palette ca Photoshop. Vic nhn Shift+tab s che giu tt c cc Palette ngoi tr thanh Options v Toolbox.

Bn cng c th r cc Palette m bn cn dng thng xuyn n Palette Well v che du cc Palette khc. ng qun rng cc Palette chnh c c phm tt c gn hin th v che giu. Mc d cc phm tt c th c to tu bin, nhng sau y l cc phm F c gn ca cc Palette chnh (cc phm chc nng nm u bn phm).

- Actions: Alt+F9

- Brushes: F5- Color:F6

- Info: F8- Layers: F7

Cch hiu qu nht tu bin vng lm vic l to cc vng lm vic (Workspace) chuyn bit. Sp xp cc Palette ng nh bn cn cho mt cng vic c th m m bn thng thc hin, chn Windows | Workspace | New Workspace, v t tn Workspace cho loi cng vic .

Sau , bn c th to mt vng Workspace chuyn bit cho mi loi cng vic m bn thc hin. Chng hn, khi bn thc hin vic chnh sa mu, bn cn nhn thy Palette Histogram (trong khung xem m rng), Palette Info, v Palette Channels. Hy sp xp cc Palette theo cch bn cn chng v sau che du cc Palette cn li, lu workspace vi tn Color Correction. Hoc, khi bn to cc nh minh ha trong Photoshop, bn cn nhn thy ng thi hai Palette Layers v Paths. R mt Palette ra khi nhm tch bit n, t c hai

Palette mt ni tin li.

truy cp mt workspace lu, hy n menu Windows | Workspace v chn n t danh sch cui menu, nh minh ha hnh di y:

Bn s thy mt s workspace tu bin c xc lp sn trong menu.

tu bin cc menu ca Photoshop, bn chn lnh Edit | Menus. (Bn cng c th m Edit | Keyboard Shortcuts v nhp tab Menu).

Bn s tm thy mi lnh menu c lit k. Bn cng c tu chn y l che giu mt lnh hoc gn mt mu tu bin d dng nhn bit n trong menu. Chng hn, bn c th che giu cc b lc ngh thut m bn cha bao gi s dng, v to m mu cho cc b lc khc theo cch bn thch hoc cch bn s dng chng.

Ngoi cc lnh menu trnh ng dng (t cc menu nm u mn hnh), bn c th chuyn i pop up Menus For sang cc menu Palette v to ty bin cc menu . Nh lu cch sp xp menu tu bin ca bn vi nt nm ngay bn phi ca pop up Settigs. Tp hp menu m bn lu s xut hin trong pop-up Settings bn d dng truy cp.

b. Gn cc phm ttCc phm tt ca Photoshop c th gip bn tit kim kh nhiu thi gian. Thay v di chuyn chut ti Toolbox chn cng c Brush, bn ch cn nhn B trn bn phm. m hp thoi Levels, bn nhn Ctrl+L thay v di chuyn chut n Image, xung menu con Adjustments, sau di chuyn qua v xung n Levels.

Photoshop CS6 c cc t hp phm tt m bn c th to tu bin. Bi v tp hp phm tt mc nh ny kh chun khng ch trong b Adobe Cre-ative Suite m cn vi cc chng trnh ln khc nn bn c l s c phc v tt nht nu ch thc hin vi thai i. Hy s dng lnh Edit | Keyboard Shortcuts, nh minh ha hnh di y, to cc phn gn phm tt ny:

- S dng Ctrl+P truy cp Print with Preview: Khi bn s dng Print with Pre-view, bn s c nhiu s iu kin hn khi bn s dng lnh Print n gin. Do s ngha hn nu bn s dng phm tt n gin hn v ph bin hn cho lnh . Hy nh v tr lnh Print with Preview trong hp thoi (bn di menu File) v nhp phm tt hin hnh. G phm tt mi. Lu rng Photoshop cnh bo bn v vic phm tt c s dng. Ch cn thay i lnh Print sang Ctrl+Alt+P gii quyt s xung t.

- Thay i Ctrl+Z s dng Step Backward: Trong phn ln cc chng trnh, vic Ctrl+Z s lin tc undo - o ngc qua mt chui cc hnh ng trc y trong chng trnh. Tuy nhin, trong Photoshop, t hp phm tt chuyn i mt chc nng Undo/Redo; ngha l nhn mt ln undo, v nhn ln th hai o ngc lnh undo. Hy lm cho Photoshop tun theo thao tc undo ph bin i vi cc chng trnh khc. Trong Keyboard Shortcuts, di Edit, thay i Ctrl +Z sang Step Backward v sau s dng Ctrl+Alt+Z chuyn i gia Undo v Redo.

- Gn cc phm tt cho cc lnh thng dng: Smart Blur (hoc

Gaussian Blur) c th c gn Ctrl+G/Ctrl+Shift+Alt+G. Smart Sharpen (hay Unsharp Mask) c th c gn Ctrl+Shift+Alt+U. Hy s dng Ctrl+Shift+R cho lnh Image Size. Khi bn lm vic vi Photosho, hy ch n cc lnh menu khc m bn thng truy cp v ghi nh cc phm tt ca chng hoc gn cc phm tu bin.

c. To cc tool preset

Mt trong nhng cha kho gip bn lm vic chnh xc v hiu qu trng Photoshop l s dng cng c ph hp vi cng vic. Chng hn, cng c Patch sao chp ch mu kt cu (texture). Nu bn cn che ph mt vng trn khun mt ca mt khch hng, bn cn cng c Clone Stamp thay v cng c Patch.

Bn c th bo m rng bn ang s dng khng ch ng cng c m cn s dng ng cc xc lp cho cngc bng cch to cc tool preset (cc xc lp sn ca cng c). Cc tool preset ny cha cc xc lp ca bn t thanh Options. Bn chn cng c xc lp sn (v d nhin l ni bt ngun ca tn ny) t Palette Tool Presets hoc t cui bn tri ca thanh Options, nh minh ha hnh di y:

Mc d hu nh bt k cng c no cng l mt n c tt cho cc tool preset, nhng mt s ch n thun l dng t nhin. Chng ta s xem xt cng c Type. Khi bn xem xt tt c cc tu chn cho cng t Type khng ch trong thanh Options m cng thong cc Palette Character v Paragraph, hon ton c nhiu th chn v theo di.

m bo ni dung nht qun gia cc d n, bn nn to cc tool preset cho mi d n, bao gm c dng tiu v ni dung chnh, cc hiu ng c bit type trng tm, v thm ch c thng tin bn quyn.

Mt n c lgc khc cho cc tool preset l cng c Crop. Nh s c trnh by bi tip theo, mt bc nh chp t mt my nh k thut s cp cao c mt t s hng (mi quan h gia chiu rng v chiu cao ca nh) l 2:3, cc t s hng ca cc tm nh in v khung nh l 4:5 (i vi cc tm nh in c 8 x 10), 5:7, v 13:19 (i vi cc tm nh in c ln). (Mt s my nh gi thp hn chp vi cc t s hng khc nhau). Bn s nhn thy mnh thng cn xn mt nh n mt kch c nht nh p ng cc yu cu in n. V ng qun phn gii. Vic in vi kch c chnh xc nhng phn gii sai s lm bn hao ph giy v mc! Hy ci t nhiu preset cho cng c Crop vi cc kch c in tiu biu bo m rng bn lun xn chnh xc.

3. Cc xc lp ca Photoshop

Preferences cp chng trnh v Color Settings lun gip bn trong mi vic bn thc hin trong Photoshop. Cc tu chn m bn chn trong Preferences ca Photoshop (hay gi n gin l Prefs) iu khin nhiu kha cnh hot ng c bn ca chng trnh. Cc mc c chn trong hp thoi Color Settings xc nh din mo ca tc phm, c trn mn hnh v trong bn in.

a. Xc lp Preferences

File Preferences ca Photoshop cha nhiu thng tin v cch bn s dng chng trnh. D bn thch o n v inch hay pixel, bn mun li v cc ng dn hng dn c hin th nh th no, bn thch cc thumbnail kch c no trong Palette, bn s dng font no cui cng - tt c cc loi d liu u c lu gi trong Prefs. Nhiu thng tin trong preferences c chn t ng khi bn lm vic (chng hn nh kch c v ch mu ca ti liu mi m bn va to, Palette Character c hin th hay khng khi ln cui bn tt chng trnh, v cc tu chn cng c no c chn thanh Options), nhng bn phi ch ng trong vic chn s cc tu chn trong hp thoi Preferences ca Photoshop nh minh ha hnh di

y:

Bn m Prefs bng t hp phm tt Ctrl+K, v menu con Preferences nm bn di menu Edit. Cc xc lp mc nh hon ton c th chp nhn c, nhng sau y l mt s hp thoi Preferences m bn tm thy chng trong cc mc .

b. Preferences | GeneralNu bn s thc hin nhiu thao tc nh li kch c v t l trong Photoshop, hy xem xt vic thay i phng php Image Interpolation. Hy s dng Bicubic Smoother nu bn thng xuyn tng cc kch thc pixel; chn Bicubic Sharper khi gim kch c. Nu bn lm vic trn mt monitor c xc lp sang phn gii 1024x768 pixel, hy xem xt vic thay i UI (user interface) Font Size sang Small. Tu chn ny s thu hp cc Palette v to nhiu ch hn bn lm vic.

Nu bn thng xuyn s dng Adobe Bridge, hy nh du hp kim khi ng chng trnh t ng. V xem xt vic lu t ng history log vi mi file, trong mt file text, hay hon ton

khng lu. (History log theo di mi s thay i m bn thc hin cho mt file; tuy nhin dng metadata, n s lm tng kch c file. Hy c mt metadata history log bng cch s dng ln File | File info).

c. Preferences | File HandlingCc khung xem trc nh s lm tang kch c file, nhng trong phn ln trng hp, bn mun a vo khung xem trc. Trn cc my Macs, bn c tu chn a vo hoc khng a vo mt phn m rng file (hoc nh Photoshop hi bn vo mic ln). Ngay c khi bn khng d nh chia x cc file vi mt my Windows, bn cng nn lun a vo phn m rng file trong tn file bng cch chn tu chn Always. Tng t, bn nn lun tng ti a tnh tng thch file PSD v PSB. iu ny bo m rng cc file Photoshop CS6 ca bn c th c m (vi cng nhiu tnh nng c gi li cng tt)

trong cc phin bn trc y ca chng trnh v bo m chng s hot ng chnh xc vi cc chng trnh khc trong b Creative Site. Nu bn ang lm bic trong mt nhm (vi hay hay nhiu ngi cng lm vic trn mt d n ), bn nn s dng Version Cue (thnh phn ca Creative Suite) qun l cc file cng vic. y l mt cch tt trnh tnh trng nhn bit phin bo no l c mu no.

d. Preferences | Cursors

Mt im mi trong Photoshop CS6 l c nhiu cch hin th cc con tr cho cc cng c t. Trong cc phin bn trc y, bn c th hin th biu tng cng c (Standard), mt du thp nh (Precise), hay mt dng trnh by u c ca cng c, nhm cho bit kch c v hnh dng ca c (Precise), vi cc c c mp mm, con tr brush size s cho bit ni cng c s c p dung vi ca bn 50% hoc cao hn. Tu chn hin c gi l Normal Brush Tip, v bn c mt phng php khc (Full Size Brush Tip) lun hin th ton b phm vi ca u c, bt k xc lp Hardness l bao nhiu.

Mt im mi khc l tu chn thm mt crosshair vo gia mi con tr brush-size. Tu chn croshair thch hp cho vic gi mt c chnh gia dc theo mp hay ng dn, v hu nh loi b nhu cu s dng tu chn con tr Precise.

Khi lm vic vi mt c mm, vic thay i tt c cc pixel c thay i ch i cht c th khng cung cp cho bn mt khung xem chnh xc v cng vic m bn thc hin. (Con tr Normal Brush Tip hin th bn tri v tu chn Show Crosshair in Brush Tip hin th gc di bn tri).

e. Preferences | Transparency & GamutNu bn nhn thy mu car trng xm lm mt tiu im ca cc nh c trong sut, bn c th x lp Grid Size sang None, to mt nn trng thun tu trong cc vng trong sut ca artwork. Nu bn thng lm vic trong ch grayscale (thang xm), bn c th mun thay i mu ca li trong sut sang mu tng phn nh ca bn, c th l mu xanh nht hoc mu vng nht.

f. Preferences | Units &Rulers

Nu bn to cc nh ha Web thay v in cc nh, c l bn s mun thay i n v o ca Photoshop t Inch sang Pixel. Lu rng bn c th thay i n v o bng cch nhp phi (chut nhiu nt) vo cc thc trong nh ca bn. Nu bn thng in mt phn gii khc 300ppi, bn cng c th mun iu chnh phn gii mc nh cho cc ti liu mi vi kch c in mong mun.

g. Preferences | Guides, Grid & SlicesT Photoshop CS4 c mt tnh nng mi, l Smart Guides (cc ng hng dn thng minh). Cc ng ny t ng xut hin v bin mt khi bn r ni dung ca mt lp vo v ra khi s ging thng vi ni dung ca cc lp khc. Smart Guides (c mu thm theo mc nh) hin th khi ni dung ca lp m bn ang r ging thng chnh xc vi cc mp hay vi tm ca ni dung trong cc lp khc.

Mt tu chn m bn c th mun thay i trong ny ca Preferences l Show Slice Numbers. Cc s slice xut hin gc trn bn tri ca mi slice khi bn ang chi nh nh ha Web. Tr khi bn d nh hiu chnh tng nh ring l sau ny, c l bn khng cn bit slice ny l slice no v vy cc s slice thng khng cn thit. Hy xo chn hp kim ny gim bt s xao lng.

h. Preferences | Plug-Ins Nu bn c cc plug-in ca nhm th ba, cc b lc, v nhng th m bn mua ring s dng trng Photoshop, hy xem xt vic s dng mt foder th hai cho cc plugins , bn ngoi folder Photoshop v gi foder l Additional Plugin Folder trong Preferences. Vic c thm cc plugin bn ngoi folder Photoshop c ngha l bn s khng phi ci t li chng nu bn phi thay th Photoshop. Nu c bt k mt trong cc plugin thuc Photoshop 6 v vn lm vic, bn c th cn nhp s seri ca Photoshop 6 nh l mt s k tha cc plugin nhn bit phin bn mi.

i. Preferences | Type

T Photoshop CS4 c thm mt mi vo Preferences bn c th chn cc tu chn c lin quan n type. Photoshop hin th menu font trong tn ca mi font trong tng mt ch thc s, v bn c th ch nh kch c ca khung xem trc y.

j. Cc xc lp muNu bn khng qun l mu mt cch kho lo, cc nh ca bn s khng in chnh xc. i vi phn ln nhng ngi dng Photoshop, s qun l mu c th c thc hin vi mt vi mc chn chnh trong hp thoi Edit | Color Settings.

- Chn mt vng lm vic RGB: M hp thoi Color Settings (bn di menu Edit) v chn vng lm vic RGB ca bn khong mu m bn hiu chnh v to trong khong . Nu bn ch yu to cc nh ha Web, hy gi cc nh ca bn n mt phng ra nh

nh in, hoc in bng my in phun mc vn s dng ch bn mu mc (lc lam, thm, vng, v en), chn sRGB lm khong mu ca bn. Nu bn in ra mt my in phun mc loi tt hay loi bnh thng hoc chun b artwork m n s c chuyn sang mt khong mu CMYK, hy chn Adobe RGB. Nu bn c phn cng v phn mm to mt profile tu bin cho monitor ca my tnh, hy s dng profile .

- Chn chuyn i cc nh sang vng lm vic ca bn: Trong vng Color Management Policies ca hp thoi Color Settng, hy chn RGB: Converl to Working RGB. iu ny bo m cc nh m bn nhn thy trn mn hnh thc s s dng profile hot ng ca bn.

- Tt cnh bo khng ph hp: Xo chn cc hp kim cho cc cnh bo gy phin phc v ph thi gian vn xut hin trn mn hnh bt k lc no bn m mt nh c mt profile khc vi vng lm vic ca bn. Bn ang c nh chuyn sang vng lm vic ca bn - bn khng cn xc nhn li quyt nh ny mt ln thc hin.

- Xut nh s dng Print with Preview: Khi n lc in, bn s c c cc tm nh in chnh xc nht khi bn s dng File | Print with Preview. Trong hp thoi ny, hy nhp nt More Options. Trong vng Print ca mt Color Management, chn Document duy tr vng ngun l vng lm vic ca bn. Trong vng Options, chn Handling: Let Photoshop Determine Colors v chn profile ca my in dnh cho giy m bn d nh in trn dng Profile ca my in dnh cho giy m bn d nh in trn dng Printes Profile. S dng Relative Colori-metric lm mt t m phng v gi cho hp Black Point Com-phensation c nh du kim.

Cc hng dn trn y thch hp cho hu ht nhng ngi dng Photoshop ngoi tr vi trng hp c bit sau y:

- Bn ch to cc nh ha Web. Trong hp thoi Color Settings, chn Settings: Color Management Off. Trong hp thoi Save For Web, pha trn bn phi ca vng xem trc, chn Uncompnated Color. Khi lu nh dng file JPEG, ng nhng cc profile ICC. (Cc profile ICC thc hin cc iu chnh nht nh cho din mo ca cc nh). Khi bn loi b cc profile mu ra khi phng trnh,

bn ang to cc nh Web m bt k b trnh duyt Web no cng c th hin th chnh xc.

- Bn chun b nh in offset hay in flexographic: Cc nh ca bn s kt thc mt khong mu CMYK. Hy lin h vi ngi ang chun b ti liu dn trang m cc nh ca bn s c t trong hoc lin h trc tip vi c s in. Tm hiu bn nn s dng profile mu CMYK no. V d nhin, c kh nng bn s phi cung cp cc nh RGB v cho nhng ngi khc x l s chuyn i.

- Cc yu cu qun l mu ca bn l ti a: Nu mu trong cc nh ca bn bt buc phi tuyt i hon ho - ch chnh xc thi th cha - bn nn xem xt vic mua phn cng v phn mm nh chun v to profile tt c cc thit b trong dng lm vic ca bn.

i khi s c xy ra. Cc cng c hot ng khng ng cch. Cc lnh n gin khng thc thi. b hng! ng nn ch, hy bt u vi cc phn chnh sa n gin di y v lm vic theo cch ca bn khi cn.

- Kim tra cc Palette: Nu mt cng c khng ang hot ng nh mong mun hoc hon ton khng hot ng, hy kim tra xem bn c v tnh ngn chn n thc hin cng vic ca n hay khng. Hy xem bn c mt vng chn hot ng ni khc trong nh hay khng hoc nhn Ctrl+D xa chn. Hy nhn vo Palette Layers: Bn c ang trn ng lp khng? Lp c hot ng hay khng hay l mt mt n lp? Kim tra Palette Channels: Cc knh mu c hot ng khng? cui bn tri ca thanh Option, nhp phi vo biu tng cng c v chn Reset Tool. M mt nh khc- nh RGB 8 bt c p phng v th cng c hay k thut ny trong nh . (Nu n hot ng th vn khng phi l Photoshop m l do nh. Kim tra menu Image | Mode bo m bn c mt ch v su mu thch hp)

- Xc lp file Preferences ca Photoshop tr li mc nh: Trc khi thay th Prefs, hy m Preset Manager ca Photoshop (thng qua menu Edit) v lu bt k style tu bin, gradient, c, v nhiu th khc. Lu chng mt ni an toan, bn ngoi folder Photoshop. M Palette Actions v lu bt k tp hp Ac-tions tu bin vi lnh Save

Actions cu menu Palette. (Ghi nh rng bn phi nhn vo mt tp hp Actions - ch khng phi nhp mt Action ring l - s dng Save Actions). M Prefer ences v Color Senttings v ghi ch v bt k xc lp c bit m bn ang s dng. Thot khi Photoshop v khi ng li chng trnh vi nhn gi cc phm Ctrl+Alt+Shift. Khi c hi bn c mun xo folder Settings hay khng, hy th cc phm b xung v xc nhn vic xo; sau cho php Photoshop hon tt vic khi ng. Xc lp li Preferences v Color Settings ng thi ti li cc thnh phn tu bin ca bn.

- Ci t li Photoshop: Nu vic thay th Prefs khng gii quyt c vn , hy th li Photoshop. Lu tt c cc thnh phn tu bin ca bn (nh nu trc y) v sau xo Photoshop v cc file lin quan.

Chn Start | Control Panel | Add or Remove Programs loi b Photoshop v bt k plug-in thuc nhm th ba. (Thn trng khi loi b cc thnh phn chia s nu bn c cc chng trnh khc trong b Adobe Creative Suite c ci t)

Sau khi bn loi b bn sao c, hy ci t li Photoshop t CD gc. Nh tt tt c phn mm chng viruts v bt k phn mm auto-backup trc khi ci t, v ci t vo v tr mc nh. Kim tra Photoshop trc khi ci t bt k plug-in ca nhm th ba vo.

Nu vic ci t li Photoshop CS6 vn khng gii quyt c vn , nguyn nhn c th l do cp h iu hnh hoc c l l mt s c phn cng. Trong trng hp ny, bn hy cho gi mt chuyn vin k thut yu cu gip .

Bi 2 - a vo cc File nh

1. a nh vo Photoshop

Artwork trong Photoshop bt ngun t mt trong ba cch sau:

- Bn m mt nh bng lnh File | Open

- Bn nhp (import) mt nh (thng thng qua mt thit b scan)

- Bn to mt nh t u vi lnh File | New

Bn c th m mt nh vo Photoshop vi lnh File | Open, thng qua Adobe Bridge, hoc bng cch nhp p file nh. Nu bn nhp p mt file vo Photoshop khng khi ng hoc chng trnh khng ng khi ng bn cn kt hp dng file vi Photoshop.

Kt hp dng file- Trong Windows Explorer/My Computer, nhp phi mt file thuc kiu m bn mun thay i, chn Properties

- pha bn phi ca Open With, nhp nt Change

- Hp thoi xut hin chn Photoshop CS6, v nhp OK (Windows 8).

- Nhp OK ln na ng hp thoi Properties.

- Lp li i vi bt k dng file b xung.

a. Ly t my nh k thut s Bn s dng phn mm i km vi my nh k thut s chuyn cc bc nh c chp t n sang cng my tnh ca bn. Hoc nu bn c phn cng, bn c th ly th nh ca my nh, gy b nh, hay phng tin khc ra khi my nh v s dng mt b c cc (card reader), y l mt thit b nh c thit k c phng tin lu tr my nh. Vic chuyn qua Windows Explorer thng nhanh hn nhiu v cng ng tin cy nh vic chuyn bng cch s dng phn mm ca nh sn xut my nh.

ng bao gi m mt nh vo Photoshop trc tip t mt my nh, cc Flash, hay CD/DVD. Vic thc hin nh vy c th lm gim chm tc lm vic ca bn, v bn c nguy c lm mt cng vic

ca mnh nu Photoshop khng th c ngay file gc ca bn trong khi bn ang lm vic. V d nhin, bn khng th lu t Photoshop tr li phn ln phng tin ri, v vy bn cn to mt file mi (trn mt ghi). M cc nh t mt mng ch khi bn ang lm vic vi Verson Cue ca Adobe, phn mm qun l d n ca Adobe Creative Suite.

Sau khi cc nh c lu tr an ton trn cng cc b ca bn (hay mt cng ngi c tc cao), bn m chng trong Photoshop bng cch dng mt trong ba phng php nu u bi ny. Tu thuc vo co xc lp mu m bn chn, bn c th nhn c mt cnh bo rng profile mu ca nh v profile m bn chn lm khong mu RGB khng ph hp. Photoshop hi bn mun lm g. Ni chung, bn mun chuyn i sang vng lm vic ca bn bn c th thy mu chnh xc nht trn monitor ca mnh. Bn c th mun gi li profile nhng nu bn s a nh tr li my tnh to n sau khi xem hay lm vic vi mu cha chnh sa. y l mt s la chn thch hp khi lm vic vi cc nh m bn s s dng sau ny vi mt chng trnh khng c qun l mu, chng hn nh mt b trnh din (nu khng qun l mu, bn s nhn thy nh khi n xut hin trong chng trnh khc). Bn c th tt cc cnh bo mu khng ph hp trong hp thoi Color Settings ca Photoshop. Khi m mt nh c cha text, bn cng c th nhn c mt thng tin cnh bo rng cc lp type cn c cp nht. Ni chung, bn cn cp nht tr khi nh cha cc Font khng c sn trn my tnh ca bn.

b. Scan cc tm nh

Bn t mt tm nh (bi mt p xung) ln trn tm knh ca my scan. Bn y mt nt, n t ng xut hin trn mnhnh my tnh ca bn. l hot ng scan kha cnh c bn nht. Nu phn mm ca my scan ci t mt plug-in tng thch Photoshop vo foder Import/Export bn trong Plug-ins ca Photoshop, bn c th scan t trong Photoshop. (Menu File | Import s hin th my scan ca bn theo tn)

Xc nh phn gii scan

Trc khi scan mt nh, bn cn a ra mt s quyt nh sau:

- Bn mun s dng nh nh th no

- Kch c sau cng ca n s l bao nhiu

- Bn cn phn gii no.

Bng cch xc nh trc s pixel m bn cn, bn s loi b nhu cu nh li kch c nh trong Photoshop (v lm gim cht lng nh c to). Nhiu ca s giao din ca my scan cho php bn nhp kch c sau cng v phn gii m bn cn ngay trong ca s scan. Nu bn nhn thy cn phi tnh phn gii scan bng tay, sau y l cch thc hin:

1. Xc nh cc kch thc pixel theo yu cu.

- i vi vic in: Nu bn s in nh, hy xc nh kch c m bn mun in (theo n v inch) v phn tch m bn mun in (thng l 300 ppi [pixel per inch] l s la chn thch hp). Nhn chiu rng v chiu cao ca bn in vi phn gii xc nh cc kch thc pixel.

- i vi Web: Nu nh s dng cho Web site ca bn, hy xc nh nh s chim bao nhiu phn trn trang ca bn (theo n v pixel)

2. o nh gc.

Trc khi t nh trn tm knh cu my scan, hy o cc kch thc ca nh gc. Nu bn ang s dng ch mt phn ca nh. hy o phn . (Hy thn trng khng lm try st nh gc).

3. Thc hin php tnh.

Chia cc kch thc pixel theo yu cu (bc 1) cho cc kch thc vt l ca nh gc (bc 2). Kt qu t c l phn gii knh ca bn. (Nu bn c cc s chiu rngv chiu cao khc nhau, hy dng s ln hn v thc hin vic xn trong Photoshop)

Trnh cc mu vn

Tr khi u t vo mt loi my scan tt nht, bn c th mun b qua cc kh nng chnh sa mu v tng mu c phn mm my scan Photoshop cung cp cho bn nhiu s iu khin hn. Tuy nhin, y l iu m phn mm my scan thc hin tt hn nhiu so vi Photoshop, v l mt kh nng m bn nn s dng khi thch hp:

gim cc mu vn. Mt mu vn l mt mu thy c xut hin do bi mu ct. M my in t xung ti to mu.

Khi bn cn scan mt nh mu hay artwork t mt cun sch, tp ch, hay t bo (hoc t cc ti liu khc c in trn mt my in offset). Bn s dng phn mm ca my scan gim bt mu vn. Phn mm ca my scan b p vo mu ny (khi bn cho my scan bit mu c ) v lm nhn nh c scan.

Tnh nng gim mu vn (moires reduction) trong phn mm my scan ca bn khng d nhn bit ngay. N c ghi nhn l Descreening, hoc n c th l mt mc chn gia Color (Photo) v Color (Document). Hy xem phn hng dn ngi dng dnh cho phn cng ca bn tm cc hng dn c th.

Nu bn cn gim bt mt mu vn trong Photoshop nhng khng th thc hin vic scan li, hy lm m nh va che mu vn , sau t vi cng c History Brush phc hi cc vng c chi tit quan trng trong nh.

2. B cc nh

Vic b cc cc nh s d dng hn nu bn chn mt h thng. Phn kh l vic thc s xo nhng bc nh s m bn khng cn gi li. Mc ny s hng dn bn mt s cch b cc nh.

a. To mt cu trc folderBn nn b cc cc nh theo tng ch , chng hn nh kiu b cc c minh ha hnh di y:

Lu rng khng c tn folder no s dng cc khong trng hay cc k t khc vi cc ch ci, cc s, mt du gch, v mt du underscore - vn gim thiu kh nng m Photoshop hay mt chng trnh khc khng th tm thy mt file

Bn c th s dng CD/DVD ca my tnh (nu n c tnh nng ny) ghi cc folder nh ra a. iu ny khng ch cung cp cho bn mt bn sao d phng ng tin cy (gi s bn ct gi cc a mt cch chnh xc v x l chng tht thn trng), m cn gii phng khong trng trn cng ca bn. Cu trc folder/folder con cng c th c s dng khi to cc a ca bn.

b. S dng Adobe BridgeMt tnh nng mi trong Photoshop CS6 l Adobe Bridge, s thay th c lp cho File Browser b cc, xem trc, v m cc nh ca bn. File Browser, c gii thiu vi Photoshop 7, tuyt vi n ni Adobe quyt nh m rng khi nim ny ra ton b Adobe Ceative Suite. Thay v thm mt b trnh duyt vo mi chng trnh trong Creative Suite, mt chng trnh b xung c pht trin chng trnh ny s lm vic vi tt c cc thnh phn ring l. Kt qu Adobe Bridge ra i.

Bridge c ci t ng thi vi lc bn ci t Photoshop CS6 hay Creative Suite. Khng ging nh ImageReady (chng trnh ha

Web c lp m bn ci t vi Photoshop), Bridge c trong folder ring ca n trn cng ca bn (bn s tm thy Adobe Bridge bn trong Start/Program File).

Bn c th m Bridge mt cch c lp hoc bn c th s dng lnh File | Browse in mini bridge ca Photoshop khi ng Bridge, nh minh ha hnh di y:

Bn s tm thy mt s thay i ln t File | Browser in mini bridge sang File | Browser in bridge (bi v n l mt chng trnh ring bit) c cc menu ring ca n nm ngang qua nh ca mn hnh.

Sau y l mt s th thut lm vic vi Adobe Bridge

- S dng cc t kho v hng mc. Bng cch s dng tab

Keywords gc di bn tri ca ca s Bridge.

Bn c th gn cc t kho v hng mc cho cc nh. Cc t kho v cc hng mc l cc thut ng m t m bn gn cho cc nh ring l. Bn c th s dng tnh nng Search ca Bridge tm tt c cc nh vi t kho c gn.

Bn c th chn nhiu nh trong Bridge bng cch nhp v nhn Shift + nhp (hoc Ctrl+nhp), sau gn cc t kho cho cc tt c cc nh c chn cng mt lc.

- S dng cc nhn v cc loi: Bn di menu Label bn c th gn mt loi hnh sao cho mi nh v gn cc mu b cc theo tng ch hay d n. S dng menu View | Sort sp xp cc nh trong vng thumbnail ca Bridge theo nhn hoc theo loi.

- Thm cc foder vo Favorites: Bn chc chn s thng xuyn vo mt s foder. Hy s dng lnh File | Add to Favorites tr li folder nhanh hn v d dng hn.

gc pha trn bn tri ca ca s Bridge, nhp tab Favoritos truy cp bng mt thao tc nhp chut. Cng lu rng bn c th thm mt folder vo Favorites trong khi ang lm vic trn mt d n c th, sau s dng lnh File | Remove from Favorites khi lnh hon tt.

- Thay i khung xem v vng lm vic: Hy s dng menu View tu bin nhng g m ca s Bridge hin th, v s dng menu Windows | Workspace xc nh cch n c hin th. hnh di, bn nhn thy vng lm vic mt nh cng nh vng lm vic FilmStrip v Essentials.

- Xut cache: Khi ni dung ca mt folder hon chnh ngha l khi cc nh trong folder khng thay i na hy s dng lnh Tools | Cache | Build and Export Cache

Vic xut cache s gip gim lng thi gian cn thit hin th cc thumbnail v metadata. Nu ni dung ca folder thay i. hy lc cache ca folder v xut li (c hai u s dng menu Tools | Cache). Nh xut cache ngay trc khi ghi mt folder nh vo CD hay DVD

c. t li tn cc file nh

Bn sp xp mt h thng phn cp ca cc folder v folder con. Bn phn cc loi cc nh vo cc folder . Bn gn th hng v nhn cho cc nh. Tuy nhin, bn vn cha phn bit c r rng ci no l ci no trong menu File | Open Recent. Hy s dng lnh

Tools | Batch Rename ca Bridge gn ci tn y ngha hn (v c tnh thng tin hn) cho cc File ca bn. Chn ni dung t mi trng t menu bt ln hoc g nhp vo mt trng.

mi nh gc c mt tn duy nht thuc mi loi, bn phi a vo mt bin khi s dng Batch Rename (nu bn c t tn tt c cc nh trong mt folder, gi s folder picture. jpg, bn s kt thc vi ch mt file nh trong folder ch mi file s ghi ln file trc). Do khi s dng Batch Rename, bn phi chn mt trong cc bin cho mt trong cc trng thng qua menu bt ln, n l tn ti liu gc hay mt ch / s trnh t. Cng lu rng bn khng c g mt du chm (. ) vo bt k trng no. K t ch s dng trc phn m rng tn file. V by gi Batch Rename t ng thm phn m rng file cho bn.

3. In nh

Trc y vic in nh t Photoshop i hi rt nhiu n lc. Ngy nay, nh s ci tin v phn cng v phn mm nn vic in c thc hin d dng hn nhiu. Cc monitor cng c nh chun kh tt, cc my in ti to mu mt cch chnh xc hn, mc v giy cao

bn cao hn. Mi th din ra ch trong mt thi gian ngn. Nhng trc khi bn nhp nt Print, bn phi chc chn nh ca bn sn sng in. Hy xem n c nm va trn trang v trong khung nh khng? Cc pixel c nh chng ho trn u vo ton b nh khng? Cc mu m bn mun c ng l cc mu s xut hin trn giy khng?

a. Xn theo mt t s hng nht nhT s hng (Aspect ratio) l mi quan h gia chiu rng v chiu cao c nh. Mt nh theo t s hng landsscape (ngang) th c chiu rng ln hn chiu cao, v mt nh theo t s hng portrait (dc) th c chiu cao ln hn chiu rng. Mc d cc my nh k thut s chp vi cc t s hng khc nhau, bao gm 3:4 v 4:5 cc my nh SLR (single lens reflex) thng s dng mt t s hng l 2:3, ngha l mt cnh di gp 1, 5 ln kch c ca cc cnh tip gip nhau. Cc kch c tiu biu (v cc kch c khung nh thng l 8x10 inch (mt t s hng 4:5), 5x7 inch (5:7), 4x6 inch (2:3), v 3x5 inch (3:5) hnh di, t s hng 2:3 c trnh by dng mu xanh lc, 5:7 dng mu vng, v 4:5 dng mu .

Mc d mt tm nh c 8x10 thng ln hn mt tm nh c 4x6, nhng n thc s in t hn nh gc bi v n phi b xn. Tm nh 4x6, vi mt t s hng 2:3, bao gm ton b nh gc; tm nh 8x10 (vi t s hng 4:5) b mt 2 inch trong kch thc di hn ca nh. in vi chiu rng 8 inch v gi ton b nh, bn s in vi kch c 8x12.

b. Ghi nh phn giiBi trc trnh by chi tit v phn gii cng nh mi quan h ca n vi k thut chp nh s. L mt ngi mi bt u, hay lu cc im sau y khi bn mun in cc nh ca bn.

- Bn thn cc nh khng c phn gii: D nm trong my nh ca bn, trn cng, hay m trong Photoshop, cc nh ch bao gm cc vung mu nh c gi l cc pixel. Din mo v hot ng ca nh khng c g khc bn trong Photoshop, bt k phn gii l bao nhiu. Mt nh 3000x2000 pixel, phn gii 300 ppi c x l trong Photoshop hon ton gng nh mt nh 3000x2000 pixel phn gii 72 ppi.

- phn gi l mt ch lnh cho thit b in: Gi tr phn gii m bn gn cho mt nh trong my nh k thut s hay trong hp thoi Image Sixe ca Photoshop c ghi cng vi nh nh l mt ch lnh cho thit b xut.

- phn gii o kch c ca cc pixel ring l: 300ppi thc s c ngha l mi pixel s in mt kch c ng 1/300 ca mt inch vung. Tng t, 72 ppi bng mi pixel in 1/72 ca mt inch vung.

- Cc nh Web s dng ch cc kch thc pixel: Cc b trnh duyt Web khng c kh nng c thng tin phn gii c nhng bi Photoshop trong cc nh ha n gin ca bn. Mi nh c hin th trong trnh duyt Web theo ng s pixel trong nh.

c. iu chnh mu bng cch s dng Print

Trong vi nm gn y, vic ti to mu chnh xc t monitor sang my in tr nn d dng hn nhiu. Mc d tin trnh qun l mu phc tp i vi nhiu ngi, nhng nhu cu thc s i vi phn mm v phn cng c nng kim sot mu gim nhiu. Ti sao? Ch v cc nh sn xut my tnh nhn ra rng ngi dng mun cc mu tt hn. Cc monitor chuyn t phn xng c nh chun xc. Cc my in dng cc git nh hn v mc cng tt hn. phn mm thc hin vic chuyn mu chnh xc hn.

i vi phn ln ngi dng Photoshop, mu chnh xc l rt quan trng, sau khi tri qua hng gi u chnh din mo ca mt nh trn mn hnh chc chn bn mun nh c in s c din mo hon ton ging nh trn monitor. Sau y l cch c c mu chnh xc .

1. Khi bn chun b xut nh, hy s dng lnh File | Print.

Ca s Print cung cp cho bn nhiu tu chn hn s tu chn m bn c trong hp thoi Print thng thng, bao gm c cc tu chn qun l mu c s dng y.

2. Chn Document

Trong phn Color Management ca hp thoi, bo m tu chn Print c xc lp sang Document thay v sang proof. Profile mu ca ti liu s hin th trong cc du ngc n, v profile s l RGB hot ng ca bn t hp thoi Color Settings ca Photoshop. Tr khi bn c profile monitor tu bin, hy s dng Adobe RGB (cho cc my in phun mc t loi thng n loi tt) hay sRGB (cho my in 4 mc)

3. Khi sn sng, hy nhp nt Print.

4. Tt tnh nng qun l mu ca my in.

Bi v bn ang thc hin vic qun l mu trong Photoshop, nn bn cn tt mi tnh nng qun l mu cp my in trong hp thoi Print ca my in (Kim tra phn hng dn ngi s dng dnh cho my in ca bn tm cc ch dn c th).

5. Thc hin vic in

Vic nhp nt Print trong hp thoi ca my in s gi nh n my in v bt u tin trnh tht s t mc ln giy.

ng qun rng Photoshop CS6 cung cp cho bn nhiu cch khc nhau tit kim giy (v c thi gian v tin bc) bng cch in nhiu nh trn cng mt t giy.

d. Xem xt cc gii php qun l mu

Nu cc tm nh bn in ra c mu khng ging nh trn monitor ca bn, trc tin hy kim tra cc xc lp ca monitor. M mt nh vi cc gi tr mu bit (bn bit nh s c din mo nh th no) trong mt chng trnh khng c qun l mu, Chng hn, bn c th s dng lnh Insert | Picture | From File ca Microsoft Word thm nh Ducky.tif t Folder Samples (bn trong ca Folder Photoshop) vo mt ti liu Word trng. S dng cc nt iu chnh ca monitor lm cho nh c din mo tt nht, sau in. Nu nh in chnh xc th tht tuyt, bn xc lp ng mi th.

Nu monitor c din mo p nhng nh in ra li c v l, trc tin hy lm sch v nh chun u in. Kim tra hp thoi Print bo m bn ang chn ng cc xc lp mu v giy. (Mt ln na, hy xem phn hng dn ngi dng dnh cho my in ca bn tm cc ch dn c th).

i vi nhng ngi m cng vic ca h i hi mu cc k trung

thc nhiu cng ty cung cp phn cng v phn mm gip iu chnh mu. Bn c th to cc profile tu bin cho cc monitor, cc my in, v c cc my scan v cc my nh k thut s. Mc d khng th lm, nhng k nng x l ca chng khng ch to ra cc tm nh in p hn v cn gip gim bt lng giy mc hao ph do nh in b xu.

Lu rng tt c phn cng v phn mm qun l mu s khng thc hin tt chc nng ca chng nu bn khng ang iu khin mi trng lm vic ca mnh. Nu cng vic ca bn i hi mu chnh xc, bn cn thc hin thm mt s bc b xung. Trong vn phng lm vic hay trong sudio, bn cn iu chnh nh sng chung quanh sao cho bn c mt mi trng xem mu nht qun d l vo ban ngy hay ban m, ma hay nng, ma ng hay ma h. Nu bn c cc ca s, bn cn ng rm trc khi thc hin cng vic c lin quan n mu. Cc bc tng ng sau monitor v vng lm vic trung gian phi c mu trung tnh.

e. Cc phng php in khcCho n nay bn s dng mt my in phun mc in cc bc nh ca bn ln giy. Mc d cc my in phun mc l loi ph bin nht v c l thc t nht, nhng bn c th dng cc phng php khc. Chng hn, nu cng vic ca bn bao gm cc tp qung co mng (brochures) v t bm (flyer) ch khng phi cc bc nh, mt my in laze mu c th p ng tt hn cho cc nhu cu ca bn. Tuy chi ph ban u thng cao hn nhng chi ph in mi trang th thp hn nhiu. Cc my in laze mu thng khng in cc bc nh chp p bng mt my in phun mc loi thng n loi tt, v cc bn in khng bn (ngha l chng s b phai m theo thi gian), nhng cc bn in nh vy c th ph hp cho vic chia s cc bc nh chp nhanh vi bn b v gia nh. Cc tu chn in cho mt my in laze mu khc vi cc tu chn ca mt my in phun mc. Hy xem phn hng dn ngi dng dnh cho my in ca bn ci t cng vic in mt cch chnh xc.

Sau y l mt phng php in khc m mi ngi dng photoshop u c th s dng. Hy ghi cc nh ca bn dng JPEG (cht lng cao nht 300 ppi) vo mt CD v a CD ny n mt phng

ra nh a phng. Cch khc l hy dng mt dch v trc tuyn ti cc nh JPEG ca bn ln trang Web service ca dch v t in nh. Bn s nhn c cc tm nh in sng bng hay m tu theo kch c yu cu. V chi ph cho mi tm nh in c th thp hn nhiu so vi vic s dng my in in phun mc ca bn. Phng ra nh a phng thng l mt cp khc thch hp cho vic in mt xp cc nh chp k ngh h v cc nh on t gia nh

Bi 3 - Tinh chnh cc vng sng v ti

1. S dng cc Histogram

Trong phn ln cc bc nh chp vi ch chung, mt ngi thng nhn thy tng mu (xm) trung tnh ti nht l mu en v tng mu trung tnh sng nht l mu trng (Nu mu ti nht r rng l mu ta v mu sm nht l mu vng sng, c l bn s khng phn bit c ch ca nh chung). Chng hn, trong mt bc nh chp, bng bn di chic giy c th ch c mt xm m, v o s mi c l cn phi c ty trng mt cht, nhng mt ca chng ta thng b p thm mt mc no v cho php ta nhn thy l mu en v mu trng.

phn bit chnh xc hn dy sc ca nh, photoshop cung cp Palette Histogram (nm trong cng nhm vi Palette Navigator v Info gc pha trn bn phi ca mn hnh).

Palette Histogram hin th s phn bit cc pixel trong nh ca bn cc gi tr sng khc nhau. Cc pixel cng ti (vng ti) c xp cui bn tri, cc pixel sng hn (vng sng) c xp cui bn phi, v cc gi tr sng cn li (vng sc trung gian c xp gia. Mt ct trong histogram cng cao th c cng nhiu pixel ti gi tr sng . Hnh di minh ha mt nh vi s phn b histogram gn nh hon ho vo ng cong tuyt p nm ngay chnh gia th.

Tuy nhin, ng b li cun vo s phn b histogram! khng phi mi bc nh c phi sng thch hp u c mt ng cong nh vy. Nhiu bc nh hon ho nhng li c cc Histogram khc nhau. S phn b chnh xc trong histogram khc nhau. S phn b chnh xc trong histogram ph thuc vo hai yu t: Ni dung nh v cc mc ch ngh thut ca ngi ha s.

Chng ta s xem xt mt bc nh chp hu nh ch c cc pixel trng, chng hn nh bc nh minh ha hnh di y.

nh c mt histogram nghing sang phi c gi l nh kho cao (high-key). Khng c g sai i vi bc nh ny (cho d l histogram); n ch c v c qu nhiu pixel mu sng m thi.

Tng t, mt nh kho thp (low-key) c ton pixel ti, vn lm

cho histogram nghing sang tri. Hu nh mi cnh m u c rt nhiu cc pixel qu ti, lm cho s phn b nghing v pha bn tri ca histogram. Tuy nhin, trong nhiu cnh m cng c cc n, cc n ny to ra mt mi nhn gn cui bn phi.

Lu rng chiu cao ca cc ct ring l trong vng histogram l tng i: ct cao nht gn nh nm st nh hp, cc ct cn li c nh t l theo cho ph hp. Chng hn, mt nh trn mt nn mu en, gi s mt nn en c ln c th c qu nhiu pixel trong ct ngoi cng bn tri khin cho cc ct cn li trong nh c v qu nh v hu nh khng th c c ging nh histogram minh ha hnh di.

i khi mt histogram c v khng cho bn bit iu g r rng. Chng hn, hy xem histogram hnh di y:

nh khng c mt s phn b ng cong tt, n hi nghing v mi bn ca nh tm. y khng phi l mt nh kho cao (high-key) bi v cc pixel khng ho trn nhau bn phi. nh hi c v l mt tm nh kho thp (low key), nhng histogram li khng c mt phn bit m bn s tm thy phn ln cc pixel ca nh trong .

Khi bn nhp vo nt Options gc trn bn phi ca Palette histogram bn c th thay i cu hnh ca Palette. (Cho n lc ny, chng ta ch lm vic vi khung xem Compact View.

Trong trng hp ny vic chuyn i sang khung xem Expanded View hoc All Channels view, s gip bn hiu r hn v histogram, c bit l khi c xem vi chnh nh, nh minh ha hnh di).

Khung xem ch Expanded View

Khung xem ch All Channels View.

Khung xem All Channels View cho bn thy mt histogram dnh cho mi knh mu. nh trong hnh minh ha cha mt s lng pixel ln vi mu kh nht qun. Nu bn trn mu trong nh bp, cng thc s l mt phn mu hai phn mu xanh lc v bn phn mu xanh dng.

Bn c th s dng Histogram trnh lm gim cht lng ca nh trong khi thc hin s iu chnh, v iu rt quan trng khi bn lm vic vi plug-in Camera Raw. Bn khng cn Palette histogram xc nh l mt nh kho cao hay kho thp.

3. S dng cc tnh nng iu chnh t ng

Vic iu chnh sc ca nh c th n gin nh vic chn mt trong cc lnh Auto t menu Image Adjustments ca photoshop. Vi nhiu bc nh, sc (v thm ch c mu) s lm cho nh c din mo p hn.

Nu bn cn thc hin mt iu g c bit cho nh ca bn (chng hn to mt hiu ng khc l), hoc nu nh c din mo

khng p lm, trong cc trng hp ny cc lnh Auto c th khng phi l s sa chn tt nht. Nhng hy ghi nh iu ny: Vic th mt lnh Auto trc tin cha bao gi gy ra mt li trm trng no. Trong trng hp t nht, bn c th s dng lnh Undo phc hi tr li cc trng thi trc ca nh.

Sau y l ba mc chn chnh sa t ng, t n gin n phc tp:

- Auto Contrast: Auto Contrast lm cho cc pixel ti tr nn ti hn v cc pixel sng tr nn sng hn, ng thi c trnh to ra bt k s dch chuyn mu (mt s thay i hon ton v din mo ca mu). Cng mt s iu chnh c p dng cho c ba knh mu ca nh. Bn c th s dng Auto Contrast vi mt nh m cc mu trong nh c v ph hp vi bn ch cn tng thm tng phn.

- Auto tone: Mi knh mu ca nh nhn c s iu chnh ca ring n, tng ti a dy sc trong knh. Nu mt trong cc knh mu khng c nhiu ng gp vo nh gc, mt sc thi mu c th c to ra. Auto Tone th thch hp cho phn ln cc nh c din mo p v khng cn c cc mu chnh xc.

- Auto Color: Thay v s dng mt pixel sng nht v mt pixel ti nht xc nh u s l mu trng v u s l mu en Auto Color tnh trung bnh vi pixel mi u cui. Phng php tnh trung bnh s ngn chn mt pixel nm ri rc loi ra khi php tnh c s dng iu chnh nh ca bn Auto Color th thch hp cho phn ln cc nh thng thng. Tuy nhin, bn c th cn ng lnh Undo trn mt s bc nh m cc i tng trong nh c mu qu ni bt hoc cc nh sc thi mu khng mong mun.

4. Levels v Curves

i khi bn cn c s iu khin hn ngoi cc lnh Levels. Bn c th c mt vn i hi nhiu s iu khin hn hay mt tm nhn ngh thut rng hn. Bn cn thc hin nhiu s iu chnh hoc to cc hiu ng ni bt. Photoshop cung cp loi iu khin cho nh ca bn. Tht vy, bn c nhiu cch x l sc ca cc nh. Hai cch thng c s dng nhiu nht l Levels v Curves, c hai u nm trong Menu Image | Adjustments.

Trc khi gii thiu v hai lnh ny, chng ta s xem qua mt vi tu chn c sn khc. T nhng ngy u ca photoshop, lnh Brightnes/Contrast n giu trong s cc lnh Image | Adjustments. Tuy nhin, by gi tnh nng ny khng c s iu khin v thiu tnh tinh vi, c l n c s dng nhiu nht khi tinh chnh mt knh alpha hay mt n lp. Trong c hai knh alpha v mt n lp, bn s dng mt dng trnh by thang xm (grayscale) nhn bit cc vng c th ca nh. Brightnes/Contrast hon ton thch hp cho nhiu s iu chnh m bn c th thc hin i vi cc knh .

Cng c s dng gii hn l s iu chnh Equalixe. N tm pixel

sng nht trong nh v gi l mu trng, tm pixel ti nht v gi l mu en. Cc pixel cn li trong nh c phn b gia cc gi tr , to ra mt dy sc m rng. Trong thc t, bn s nhn thy s iu chnh to ra cc vng cc k sng v cc vng cc k ti vi mt nh c v sc s nhng li thiu cc chi tit cc vng sc trung gian.

a. S dng lnh LevelsLnh Image | Adjustments | Levels (Ctrl+L) cung cp cho bn s iu khin i vi cc vng ti, vng sng, v ton b dy sc ca nh. Bng cc s dng mt thanh trt vi ba mc iu khin, bn iu chnh nh cho ph hp vi s cm nhn ring ca bn v c trn mt histogram tham chiu. Bn cn c cc trng s nhp vo cc gi tr chnh xc nu bn cn.

thc hin thao tc chnh sa Levels c bn, m rng dy sc ca nh qua ton dy gi tr c sn, bn ch cn r cc mc iu khin thanh bn di histogram trong hp thoi Levels v o pha trong cho n khi chng nm bn di im m histogram bt u tng theo mt hnh dng ca ngn ni. B qua vt phng nh m rng ra pha ngoi chng biu th cc pixel nm ri rc v r cc pointer nh bn di cc ct vn cao ti thiu vi pixel Histogram trong hp thoi Levels dng tham chiu khi bn thc hin s thay i. Tuy nhin, lu rng trong khi bn ang lm vic trong Levels, Palette Histogram cp nht, cho bn thy phn trc (mu xm) v sau khi (mu en) thc hin s iu chnh.

Vic r thanh trt gia sang s di chuyn khi histogram sang tri, biu th ton b din mo ca nh c v ti hn.

Cng ch thanh trt Output Leves bn di trong hnh trn. Bn thng s dng thanh trt ch khi chun b mt nh in ra mt my in thng mi vn i hi bn phi nn dy sc ca nh. Nu khng, hy b qua thanh trt v hai trng ca n ngoi tr t c cc hiu ng c bit. Ch menu bt ln u hp thoi Levels, bn c th p dng Levels cho mi knh mu ring l ca nh, thay i cng c iu chnh sc ny sang mt tnh nng chnh sa mu.

Khi bn ang lm vic trong levels (hay hu nh bt k hp thoi no), hy ghi nh rng vic nhn gi phm Alt s lm thay i nt Cancel thanh nt Reset. Khi bn nhp nt Reset, mi gi tr trong hp thoi c phc hi tr li mc nh, cho php bn bt u li m khng phi hu v chn li lnh.

Nh nu u bi ny, bn c th s dng Palette histogram trnh gy ra cc li cho nh. hnh trn, Palette Histogram cho thy c cc khong h nh xut hin gia cc ct ti hn pha trc. V mt k thut cc khong h ny c gi l posterization, chng tiu biu cho cc gi tr sc ang c nn li vi nhau thnh mt gi tr duy nht. Cc pixel mt cp sng c dch chuyn sang mt gi tr cao hn k tip hoc thp hn k tip, ct trng trong histogram. y c phi l mt s c hay khng? Khng, nu bn khng nhn thy cc khong h rng, biu th cc gi tr sc lin tip khng ang c s dng. (vng posterization qu rng s ph

hng s chuyn tip tinh vi gia cc mu trong nh ca bn). V l l do ti sao bn cn ch Palette Histogram, bo m bn khng to ra cc khong h qu rng trong histogram v vng posterization d nhn thy trong nh ca bn.

Sau y l mt cch n gin gim thiu vng posterization . Ngay sau khi s dng Levels, hy dng lnh Edit | Fade Levels v thay i ch ho trn t Normal sang Luminosity. Nh bn thy hnh di y, posterization bin mt vi mt s thay i nh trong hiu ng ca vic iu chnh Levels. Ghi nh rng lnh Fade ch c sn ngay sau khi p dng mt s iu chnh (mt b lc hay mt cng c), thm ch bn c dng lnh Save chen vo gia.

b. Chnh sa sc vi cc EyedropperHp thoi Levels (v hp thoi Curves) cung cp mt cch khc chnh sa sc cho nh ca bn, mt loi k thut bn t ng, s dng ba Eyedropper gc pha di bn phi ca hp thoi. Hy m nh, m hp thoi Levels, v chnh sa cc sc v mu trong nh ca bn bng ba thao tc nhp n gin sau y.

1. Nhp vo Eyedropper bn tri trn vng ma n s l mu en.

y c th l mt vng ti, mt mu qun o, hay mt lp xe hi. Ni chung, bn nhp vo vng trong nh m n hon ton c mu en.

2. Nhp vo Eyedropper bn phi trn vng m n s l mu trng.

Mt m my, o m ci ca c du, l nhng ch dnh cho Eyedropper vng sng. Bn thng nhp vo mt vng no m n

hon ton c mu sng.

3. Nhp vo Eyedropper gia trn vng m n s mu xm.

Hy nhp vo mt vng m n s c mu trung tnh. Khng bt buc phi c mu xm va, ch cn l mt vng c mu trung tnh. iu ny s loi b bt k sc thi mu khng mong mun trong nh. Nu bn khng thch kt qu, hy nhp vo mt ni khc trong nh. Tip tc nhp cho n khi cc mu trong nh c v thch hp.

c. iu chnh cc ng cong

Phc tp hn mt cht l Image | Adjustments | Curves (Ctrl+M).

Ging nh Levels, bn s dng Curves iu chnh dy sc ca nh. Nhng thay v mt thanh trt c ba mc iu khin, hp thoi Curves cung cp cho bn c hi iu khin cc phn khc nhau trong dy sc v mu. Chng c s dng ging nh cch bn dng cc Eyedropper trong Levels)

Hnh di y minh ha mt s iu chnh Curves n gin c p dng cho nh .

Vic r ng cong xung di trong cc vng ti lm cho chng tr nn ti hn, vic r ln pha trn lm cho cc vng sng tr nn sng hn. Cc vng sc trung gian (vng nm gia cc vng ti v sng) cng c lm sng hn mt cht trong phn iu chnh ny.

Khi ln u tin bn m hp thoi Curves, bn s nhn thy mt th vi mt ng cho chy t im neo gc pha di bn tri n mt im neo khc gc pha trn bn phi. Bn nhp v r ng thng ln trn hoc xung di thm cc im neo v thc hin s thay i trong ng con (v trong nh ca bn). Theo mc nh, cc vng ti nm pha di bn tri, v vy vic r xung di s lm ti vng , v rn ln trn s lm sng chng. Bn c th thm nhiu im neo vo ng con - mc d bn thng ch cn khong mt n ba im mi.

a s cc nh chp nhanh c th tn dng mt s iu chnh nh trong Curves. Nhp vo phn giao nhau ca cc ng hng dn ngang v dc u tin gc pha trn bn tri v r xung di mt cht. Trng Input s ghi 64, v trng Output s ghi mt gi tr no gia 55 v 60 cho mt nh chp vi s khi u tt. K tip, nhp vo phn giao nhau ca ng li gc pha trn bn phi v r ln trn mt cht. Trng Input s hin th 192, v trng Output c th l mt gi tr t 95 n 205.

C hai hp thoi Curves v Levels u cung cp cho bn cc nt Load v Save. Nu c mt s chnh sa m bn cn thc hin trn mt ln, hoc phn chnh sa cn phi chnh xc, hy s dng nt Load p dng phn iu chnh cho mt nh khc. Chng hn,

nu bn s dng sai xc lp trong my nh ca bn khi chp mt lot cc bc nh trong cng mt iu kin nh sng, c l cc bc nh c chnh sa nh nhau. Hy thc hin s iu chnh mt ln, lu n, sau p dng n cho cc bc nh khc vi nt Load.

Nu bn mun chnh sa mt vng nht nh trong nh, hy nhn gi nt chut v di chuyn con tr vo ca s nh (ni n xut hin dng cng c Eyedropper. Bn s nhn thy mt hnh trn trn ng cong.

Hnh trn ny cho bn bit v tr ca cc pixel trong dy sc . thm mt im neo vo , Ctrl+nhp trong ca s nh.

Khi ng con c nhiu im neo, im neo hot ng s hin th dng mt vung lp y. Cc im neo khng c chn l cc vung rng. chnh xc hn, bn c th dng cc phm mi tn trn bn phm di chuyn im neo hot ng, hoc bn c th g cc gi tr c th vo trng Input (v tr bt u ca im neo) v trng Output (ni m bn mun im neo di chuyn)

Bn cng c nhiu cch tu bin din mo ca Curves. Nhp nt nm pha di bn phi chuyn i gia hp thoi c chun v mt hp thoi c ln hn. Nhn Alt + nhp trong vng li chuyn i gia mt li 4x4 v mt li 10x10. Thay v nhp v r trn ng cong, bn c th kch hot cng c Pencil v v ng cong bng tay.

Khi v ng cong bng tay, nt Smooth s tr nn c sn bo m s chuyn tip trong cc phn iu chnh sc ca bn khng qu trm trng.

5. Mt s cng c khc

Menu Image | Adjustments ca Photoshop CS6 cn c nhiu cch mnh hn lm vic vi dy sc trong cc nh ca bn. Bn c th s dng iu chnh Shadow/Highlight c lp v thay i bt k dy pixel sng hay ti m bn mun.

Bng cch ch nh dy gi tr sc no c xem l ti hay hp. Tnh nng Exposure cho php bn thay i ton b dy sc ca nh, nh th bn chp nh vi mt xc lp my nh khc. V ng qun chnh sa cc vng c vt m bng cc cng c Dodge v Burm!

S iu chnh Shadow/Highlight v Eyedropper khng ging nh lm vic vi cc nh Raw trong plug-in Camera Raw. Camera Raw hot ng vi d liu nh cha c x l, v vy n c gi l m bn k thut s (digitalnegative). Bng cc s dng cc lnh Adjustments ca Photoshop, bn ang lm vic vi d liu nh c x l trong Camera Raw, bn tht s c s iu khin v s

phi sng, cc vng ti, cc vng sng, v nhiu th khc.

S iu chnh Shadow/highlight v Exposure khng c sn nh cc lp iu chnh. Cc thay i m bn thc hin vi cc tnh nng ny l s thay i vnh vin ca nh.

a. S dng Shadow/HighlightS iu chnh Shadow/Highlight c thit k tinh chnh hai loi nh: nn c phi sng tt, nhng ch th trong tin cnh th li qu ti. Hoc nn th p, nhng ch th li b trng xo do bi n flash qu sng.

Bng cch iu khin cc vng ti v vng sng tch bit vi phn cn li ca nh, tnh nng ny gip bn phc hi s cn i hn cho nh.

Cc xc lp mc nh trong Shadow/Highlight dng chnh sa cc li do nh sng chiu v pha sau, nh bn thy trong nh khi tin cnh thiu chi tit do bi n flash, hy gim thiu s thay i cho cc vng ti v r thanh trt Highlights sang phi. Nh minh ha

hnh di y, hai thanh trt trong Shadow/Highlight c th c s dng kt hp vi nhau.

Trong hp thoi Shadow/Highlight, thanh trt Shadows lm sng cc vng ti hn ca nh, v thanh trt Highlights lm ti cc vng sng hn.

Thng thng, bn s s dng thanh trt ny hoc thanh trt kia chnh sa mt li no trong nh, nhng bn c th dng c hai nu bn cn lm sng cc vng ti v gim sc ca cc vng sng trong cng mt nh.

Bn s nhn thy Shadow/Highlight cng l mt cng c tuyt vi cho mt s trng hp khc, nht l khi bn chn hp kim Show More Options. Chng hn, hy xem hnh minh ha di y:

Trong nh sau, nh c din mo tuyt vi hn nh s lm sng vi thanh trt Shadows, h thp thanh trt Midtone Contrast, v tng bo ho vi thanh trt Color Correction. Bng cch lm sng v tng bo ho, cc mu xanh l cy c mu nu trong nn tch bit, gip bn thy r ch th.

Khi bn chn hp kim Show More Options, Shadow/Highlight c mt tp hp iu khin b xung. Cc tu chn ny kh n gin.

- Amount: i vi Shadow v Highlight, thanh trt Amount l lng iu chnh m bn thc hin. y l chi tit iu chnh ca Shadow/Highlight. i vi mt ch th c chiu sng v pha sau, bn s s dng thanh trt Shadow kh nhiu v khng dng thanh trt Highlight. Khi lm vic vi mt ch th b trng xo, bn s di chuyn thanh trt Shadow sang 0% v lm vic vi thanh trt Highlight

- Tonal Width: S dng cc thanh trt Tonal Width ch nh bn mun a vo bao nhiu phn trong dy sc ca nh dng cc vng ti hay vng sng. Nu bn r mi thanh trt Tonal Width sang 100%, bn ang lm vic trn ton b dy sc ca nh y khng phi l mt cng vic c bit ph hp vi Shadow/Highlight (vic s dng Curves th ph hp hn). Mc nh 50% l mt gi tr kh cao. Hy bt u s iu chnh bng mt dy gi tr khong 20% v tinh chnh t .

- Radius: Bn iu chnh cc thanh trt Radius cho Shadow/Highlight bit nhng pixel no s c xc nh l nm trong vng ti hay vng sng. Vi xc lp Radius qu thp, mt pixel en ring l nm gia mt vng sng trong nh c th c phn loi l mt vng ti. Mt xc lp qu cao thng c khuynh hng p dng s iu chnh cho ton b nh. Ni chung, hy bt u vi mt Radius khong 10 pixel cho cc bc nh c nh v 30 pixel cho cc bc nh c ln. Sau khi iu chnh cc thanh trt Amount v Tonal Width, hy di chuyn thanh trt Radius ti lui trong khi theo di mt s mu nh hn ca vng ti hay vng sng (bt k vng no bn ang chnh sa) bo m cc vng ang c a vo phn iu chnh.

- Color Correction/Brightness: Thanh trt ny thay i tn ca n ph hp vi ch mu ca nh. Khi lm vic vi mt nh mu, bn s nhnh thy Color Correction. Khi bn p dng Shadow/Highlight cho mt nh thang xm, tn ca thanh trt i thnh Brightness. ng bn tm n thanh trt ny cho n khi no bn thc hin s iu chnh Amount. Trong mt nh mu, vic lm sng cc vng ti hay lm ti cc vng sng s cho thy mu tht s cu cc pixel nhng vng . Hy s dng thanh trt ny tng (r sang pah), hoc gim (r sang tri) bo ho ca cc pixel .

Ghi nh rng Color Correction hot ng ch trn cc pixel m bn nhn bit vi cc thanh trt Tonal Width v Radius sang 0%, Color Correction s hon ton khng c tc dng no ln nh). Mt khc, khi bn chnh sa mt nh thang xm, thanh trt Brightness tc ng n tt c pixel ngoi tr cc pixel c mu trng thun khit hoc mu en thun khit.

- Midtone Contrast: Bn c th tng hoc gim tng phn trong sut nh bng thanh trt Midtone Contrast. Gn ging nh vic nhp vo gia ng cong trong Curves v r ln hoc xung, bn iu chnh ton b dy tng phn ca nh, bao gm c ng sng v vng ti. Khi ton b din mo ca nh cn c ci tin, hy bt u vi Midtone Contrast v sau lm vic vi cc vng ti v vng sng ring l.

- Clip: Thng thng bn khng mun thay i cc gi tr xn. Xn (clipping) ly cc pixel gn nh en v p buc chng thnh mu en thun khit, hoc ly cc pixel gn nh trng v p buc chng thnh mu trng thun khit. Vic xn cc vng ti hay vng sng s gim bt nhng khc bit tinh vi v mu sc vn cung cp chi tit trong cc vng ti v vng sng. Khi no th bn cn xn cc vng ti hay vng sng? Khi bn khng quan tm n nhng chi tit nhng vng ca nh v cn tng phn cao hn nhng vng ca nh v cn tng phn cao hn cc vng c sc trung gian.

b. Thay i phi sngPhotoshop CS6 thm mt tnh nng mi vo menu Image | Adjustments.

Tnh nng c gi l Exposure ( phi sng). N m phng cch nh s c din mo nh th no nu bn thay i xc lp Exposure trn my nh ca bn trc khi nhp mn trp. Hy xem n nh l mt s iu chnh sc trong nh. Nh bn c th thy hnh di, ngay c mt s iu chnh nh cng c th to ra mt s tc ng rt ln n nh.

Hp thoi Exposure cng c cc mc iu khin khc. Cc thanh trt Shadow v Brightness c thit k ch yu x l cc nh c s bt rt cao (cc nh c bit vi dy ng cao 32 bt/knh).

Exposure l mt cng c kh chuyn bit, n khng thn thin vi ngi dng v cng khng hiu qu bng Curves v Shawdow/Highlight.

c. S dng cc cng c to sc Ngoi cc cch trn, cn c thm hai cch na x l sc trong Photoshop l cc cng c to sc (toning). Hai cng c s dng c ny cho php bn t cc phn chnh sa ln trn nh ca bn, to ra s iu khin din mo mt cch linh hot. Hy chn cng c Burn lm ti v cng c Dodge lm sng.

Chn mt u c trong thanh cng c v r cng c trong nh ca bn p dng phn chnh sa. hnh di, bn s nhn thy cng c Burn lm ti mt vng trong nh.

Trong trng hp ny tuy s dng cng c lm ti nhng li gip cho nh hu k thm sc nt v r rng.

Cng c Dodge th thch hp cho vic gim thiu (nhng khng loi b) cc vng ti trong mt nh.

Hnh nh trn so snh nh gc (nh tri) vi mt bn sao hot ng m trong vic s dng cng c Dodge gim bt cc vng ti. Bng cch gim ch khng loi b hon ton, c im ca ch th s khng b bin mt.

Bi 4 Ty chnh mu sc

1. Mu trong Photoshop CS6

Photoshop CS6 x l cc nh s (bao gm c cc bc nh chp k thut s, cc nh c s ho bng mt my scan, v artwork m bn to t u trong Photoshop). Cc ch s l m my tnh c s dng ghi thng tin ca nh. S pixel, mu ca mu ca mi pixel, v bt k thng tin kt hp s c ghi theo mt chui cc s 0 v s 1 trn cng. Do , mu khng c g khc ngoi cc s. Tuy nhin, i vi chng ta, mu cn hn m nh phn trn mt cng. l chnh l nh, artwork, thng bo. Artwork l mu v mu l artwork, thao tng pixel.

a. Cc ch mu, m hnh mu, v su mu

Photoshop ghi mu ca mi pixel trong nh bng nhiu cch khc nhau. Mi pixel trong bt k nh cho c tt c cc mu c ghi trong mt ch mu, chnh l dng mu tht s cho file nh. Tuy nhin, trong khi lm vic vi nh ca bn, bn c th xc nh cc mu c th bng mt trong cc m hnh mu, l mt loi cng thc thc m bn pha trn mu bng cng thc . V mt nh c th ch c mt sau m (color depth), y l mt gii hn v s lng mu trong mt nh.

Trc khi i su vo chi tit, bn cn tm hiu mt trong cc khi nim c bn ca mu: l gam mu (gamut). Hy xem giam mu l dy cc mu m v l thuyt chng c th c ti to trong mt ch mu nht nh hoc vi mt profile mu c th. Do o, mt gam mu rng s c s mu c sn nhiu hn mt giam mu b gii hn. Cc mu b xung thng sng hn ni bt hn, cc mu lm cho mt nh tr nn sng ng. Ch mu RGB (red/green/blue) thng cung cp mt dy mu rng hn ch mu CMYK (cyan/magenta/yellow/).

Bn nn chn ch mu no?

Nu bn d nh in ra mt my in phun mc hoc gi nh ca bn ln Web, bn cn ch mu RGB. (Cho d bn c th ti cc mc CMYK v my in phun mc ca bn, nhng phn mm ca my in thng mong i v bt buc phi nhn c - d liu mu RGB).

Nu bn ang chun b mt nh a va mt ti liu dn trang dnh cho mt my in offset thng mi bn cn CMYK (Bn chn ch mu ca nh t menu Image | Mode).

l mt s tm lc n gin. Sau y s l phn trnh by chi tit hn v cc ch mu:

RGB: RGB l ch mu cho cc bc nh k thut s, cc monitor my tnh, World Wide Web, v cc my in phun mc. Tt c cc mu c ghi theo t l ca ba mu thnh phn (, xanh lc, v xanh dng). Mu RGB c ghi trong ba knh mu. RGB l mt ch mu ph gia ngha l bn thm cng nhiu lng mu ca mi thnh phn th bn cng tin n mu trng.

CMYK: CMYK c s dng ch yu in trn mt my in offset thng mi, nhng bn c th cn n cho mt my in laser mu hay

mt my in phun mc cp cp cao m bn s s dng mt RIP vi n. (RIP l t vit tt ca raster image processor, ngha l b x l nh mnh. y l mt mu phn cng hay phn mm chuyn bit c chc nng lm cho my in phun mc ca bn c xem nh l mt my in thng mi). CMYK l mt ch mu ca cc tp ch, sch, v cc ti liu in i tr khc.

CMYK l mt ch mu kh - ngha l lng mu ca mi thnh phn cng t th bn cng tin n mu trng.

- Grayscale: Khi mi ngi ni v mt bc nh en trng, h tht s ang cp n nh thang xm (grayscale). nh ny khng ch cha cc mu en v trng m cn cha mt dy cc mu xm gia. Bn c th s dng ch grayscale cho cc nh trn web hoc cho cc bn in. Lu rng tr khi my in phun mc ca bn c thit k ti to cc nh thang xm vi cc mc en v xm (hay cc mc en v en nht), bn s khng hi lng vi kt qu in nh grayscale. Vic s dng ch mt mc mu en s khng ti to ton b dy sc trong nh. Vic s dng cc mc mu s thm mt sc vo nh. C mt cch khc cho cc nh grayscale: hy gi chng n phng ra nh a phng nh in.

- Indexed Color: Bng cch s dng mt bng mu (color table) hay

mt danh sch c n 256 mu c th, ch i Indexed Color dnh cho Web. Bn lu cc nh GIF v PNG 8 trong mc Indexed Color, nhng ch cc dng file l cn mt s lng mu gii hn nh vy. Nhng th nh cc nt trn trang Web (vn ch cn vi mu) s c to dng cc nh GIF nh s dng ch Indexed Color. iu gip gim kch c file, gim lng khong trng m nh i hi trn Web server ca bn, ng thi tng nhanh thi gian ti xung.

- L*a*b: Cn c gi l Lab v CIELAB, y l mt ch mu m bn c th s dng khi to cc hiu ng c bit hoc s dng cc k thut nht nh trong Photoshop, nhng khng phi l ch m bn s lu artwork sau cng ch . Sau y l ba knh trong mt nh lab:

- Lightness: Knh ny ghi sng ca mi pixel

+ Knh ny ghi mu ca pixel trn mt tr green-to-red (xanh lc sang )

+ Knh ny ghi gi tr mu ca mi pixel trn mt trc blue-to-yellow (xanh dng sang vng)

Bn khng nn in cc nh Lab trn mt my in phun mc hoc gi chng ln Web site ca bn. Bn nn chuyn i cc nh RGB hay CMYK ca bn sang ch Lab trc khi s dng mt trong cc b lc Sharpen ca Photoshop. Hy p dng b lc Unsharp Mask, s dng lnh Edit | Fade Unsharp Mask, v thay i ch ho trn t Normal sang Lunilosity. Cng mt kt qu, nhng s tc v c thc hin t hn v kh nng lm gim cht lng nh cng thp hn.

- Duotone: Duotone (bao gm c triotone v quadtone) l mt ch mu rt chuyn bit, ch dnh cho vic in thng mi, vn s dng ch hai hoc ba hay bn mu) mc tri rng ra khp nh. Mc d ch ny c v ph hp vi mt my in phun mc, nhng tht ra Duotone l mt ch mu khng th chp nhn c i vi cc my in phun mc. Cc nh Duotone i hi phi l vic m bn c th lm vi my in ca mnh.

- Multichannel: Ging nh Duotone, Multichannel l mt ch mu ch dng gii hn trong cc my in thng mi bi v ph thuc

vo cc mu mc c pha trn sn p ln giy. Khng ging nh Duotone, trong cc mc thng ri qua khp trang, cc nh Multichannel s dng cc mc nht nh trong cc vng nht nh. Bn c th cn ch Multichanne khi to mt logo cho mt khch hng.

- Bitmap: Ch mu Bitmap l mu en v mu trng thc s. Mi pixel hoc c mu en hoc mu trng. S sp t cc pixel en v trng s to ra bng, nhng nh khng tht s c bt k pixel xm no. Bn c th s dng ch Bitmap to cc nh cho mt s thit b khng dy, s dng trn Web, hay in thng mi.

Vic chuyn i gia cc ch mu hay gam mu (c thc hin vi menu Image | Mode) c th lm gim cht lng ca nh qua vic nn cc mu khc nhau thnh mt gi tr mu duy nht. Chng hn, bn s khng mun chuyn i t RGB (vn c sn s lng mu tng i ln) CMYK (c gam mu gii hn hn), v sau chuyn tr li RGB. Sau khi cc mu c nn do s chuyn i, bn s khng phc hi cc gi tr ban u chng bng cch chuyn tr li mt gam mu rng hn.

M hnh mu c to ra mt s khc bit no khng?

Mc d bn thn nh c mt ch mu duy nht, nhng bn c th s dng bt k m hnh mu c sn khi xc nh mt mu trong Photoshop. Gi s bn ang chun b s dng cng c Bruhs t mt s thnh phn ngh thut cho d n gn y nht ca bn. D n ny ch RGB bi v bn s in n vi my in phun mc. Bn c th s dng Palette Color xc nh mu tin cnh theo bt k cch no bn thch RGB, CMYK, Grayscale, Lab, hoc thm ch c HSB (hue/saturation/brightness, n khng c sn dng mt ch mu, m n ch l mt m hnh my). Cho d bn ci t Palette Color nh th no, hy xem qua menu ca Palette ny.

Khi bn thm mu vo nh, Photoshop s dng dng mu gn ging RGB nht (hay CMYK). Lu rng menu Palette Color hnh minh ha trn khng lit k Duotone hay Multichannel. ch l cc ch mu, khng phi m hnh mu.

Ti sao phi quan tm n su mu?

su mu (color depth) l s cc mu tht s khc nhau m bn c

sn. (Ghi nh rng mi pixel ch c th c mt mu). Khi bn lm vic trong mu 8 bit/knh (gi n gin l mu 8 bt), mi mu thnh phn c ghi vi ng 8 bt thng tin trong file my tnh. Trong mt nh RGB 8 bit, mu ca mi pixel c ghi vi ba chui gm 8 k t. Khi bn lm vic vi mu 16 bit/knh (hoc gi n gin l mu 16 bit), mi mu thnh phn c ghi vi 16 k t. S cng ln th cng c nhiu cch ghi mi mu, ngha l dng bin i ca mu cng nhiu cng nh cc file chim nhiu khong trng hn trn cng)

Vy th iu c ngha g vi bn? Trong thc t, c th l mt nh p hn khi lm vic mu 16 bit. Bn s c cc phn chuyn nhn hn gia cc mu trong sut nh ca bn, khng c di sc trong cc mu gradient v khng c vng no b vy bn. Posterization l s lm mt dn din mo ca nh khi cc mu tng t b p buc thnh cng mt mu, lm cho cc phn chuyn tip gia cc mu tr nn th hn. Nhiu phn chnh sa mu v tng mu vn to ra posterization trong cc nh 8 bit ca bn s khng lm nh hng n mt nh 16 bit.

S iu chnh Levels lm tng dy sc ca nh. Khi s iu chnh ny c p dng cho mt phin bn 8 bit ca nh, mt posterization s tr nn thy r trong Palette Histogram (c biu th bi cc khong h trng mu trng trong histogram)

Vy th c cn phi lc no cng s dng mu 16 bit khng? Khng. Bn khng th gi mt nh 16 bit ln Web, v mu 16 bit t khi c s dng cc nh CMYK. Cc bc nh s c chp dng JPEG l cc nh c mu 8 bit (bi v dng file khng h tr mu 16 bit). V vi hu ht my in phun mc, bn s khng nhn thy bt k s

ci tin no trong bn in sau cng. (Tuy nhin, bn c th s thy thi gian in tng ang k bi v d liu nh cn x l nhiu hn gp hai ln).

Nu bn chp vi mu 16 bit, d l dng TIFF hay Raw, bn phi x l nh mu 16 bit. Khi nh hon ho, bn c th mun chuyn i mt bn sao ca file sang mu 8 bit in (Image | Mode 8 Bits/Channel). Bn c th nhn thy mt s trng hp m trong bn s chuyn i mt nh 8 bit sang 16 bit. Vic chuyn i t 8 bit sang 16 bit khng gip bn trnh hin tng prosterization, nhng n c th gim bt di sc nu bn thm mt mu gradient m n c th c nh li kch c.

Mt im khc cn lu v sau mu: Photoshop CS6 c th x l cc nh 32 bit/knh. Cc file ny c gi l cc nh c dy ng cao (hight dynamic range, gi tt l HDR) v thng c to bng cch kt hp cc phi sng khc nhau ca cng mt nh. Trong Photoshop CS6, bn c th x l hai phi sng trong tnh nng Merge to HDR. Bn c th s khng bao gi phi to mt nh HDR cho bt k chng trnh video hay 3D no cn s dng chng, nhng bn c th nhn thy ch li ca vic kt hp nhiu phi sng ca mt bc nh chp phc tp. Trn ht, c mt file vi kch c hp k v s truy cp vo nhiu tnh nng hn ca Photoshop, hy s dng menu Image | Mode chuyn i sang mu 16 bit hoc sang mu 8 bit.

b. Ghi mu trong nh

Mi d liu mu ca nh s c lu trong Palette Channels. Khi bn ang x l cc nh RGB hay CMYK, mi knh mu cha thng tin cho mt trong cc mu thnh phn (/xanh lc/xanh dng hoc lc lam/ thm/vng/en). Mi knh l mt phin bn thang xm ca nh, s dng cc bng xm, t trng sang en, biu th ni m mu ca knh xut hin trong nh. Trong cc nh RGB, pixel trong mt knh cng sng th lng ca mu cng nhiu. Khi ban x l mt nh CMYK, sng ti trong mt knh c o ngc, vi cc vng ti hn biu th ni m lng mu c p dng nhiu hn.

2. iu chnh mu trong Photoshop

i khi bn c mt nh cn c iu chnh. N c th c chp vi mt xc lp my nh khng chnh xc, n c th c sc thi mu khng mong mun, hoc n c v t nht. Photoshop cung cp cho bn mt mng cc lnh v cng c gip bn ci tin cc mu trong bc nh ca bn.

Lm th no bit mu ph hp?

Cng c chnh gip nhn bit iu ny chnh l bn. Hy a ra cc quyt nh ch yu da vo nhng g m mt bn cm nhn c. Bn c th kim tra Palette Info v Palette Histogram chc chn cc vng ti c mu en v cc vng sng c mu trng, nhng iu chnh cc nh ca bn cho n khi chng c v ph hp i vi bn ngha l cho n khi bn hi lng vi mu.

Th no l mt mu m?

Cc mu m trong nh ca bn c in bng cch s dng cc mc pha trn sn vi ng mu . chun b chnh xc mt mu m cho my in n cn nm trong knh mu m ca ring n, y l mt knh mu ring bit m bn s ch ra ni v cch mc c p dng (cc knh trong nh ca n ln giy). Bi v cc knh mu m dc s dng vi cc nh CMYK nn mu ti thng hin th nhiu hn. ni bn cn mu m c cng 100%, hy t trc tip trong knh mu m vi mu en. ni bn mun ch c mt sc sng ca mu m, hy dng mt mu xm nht.

Bn to knh mu m bng cch chn lnh Spot Channel t menu Palette Channels.

Nhp mu mu trong hp thoi New Spot Channel m cc th vin mu. (Nu bn nhn thy Color Picker bnh thng, hy nhp nt Color Libraries). Chn s mu thch hp (tp hp cc mu; xem hnh bn di) cho d n ca bn; sau chn mu ca bn. Nhp OK trong hp thoi New Spot Channel nhp mu, ng thay i tn (nu nh s c t trong mt ti liu InDesign), PDF, TIFF, hay DCS2. 0. Trao i vi ngi x l kiu trnh by (layout) hay c s in xem h yu cu dng file no.

a. Theo di cc Palette Histogram v Info

Khi bn lm vic vi nhiu phn iu chnh mu khc nhau trong Photoshop, c hai Palette c th gip bn theo di cc thay i m bn ang thc hin. l cc Palette Info v Histogram. Theo mc nh, cc Palette ny nm xp lng nhau gc pha trn bn phi ca mn hnh. (Bn cng c th hin th hay che giu chng thng qua menu Windows ca Photoshop). Bn c th mun r mt trong hai Palette ny ra khi tp hp xp lng c hai cng hin th. (Nhp tab ca Palette v r n ra ngoi). Vic theo di cc Palette Info v Histogram trong khi bn ang r cc thanh trt v nhp cc s vo cc trng khc nhau c th gip bn pht hin ra cc li trc khi chng xy ra.

Histogram hu ch cho vic theo di cc thay i trong s phn b cc pixel cc dy sc khc nhau. Palette Info cho bn thy cc gi tr mu trc v sau, trong lc c mt hp iu chnh ang m. Bt k ni no bn di chuyn con tr trong ca s nh (n s xut hin dng cng c Eyedropper), Palette Info s cho bn thy kt qu ca s iu chnh. Bn cng c th nhn gi phm Shift thay i sang cng c Color Sampler. Vic nhp vo nh vi cng c Color Sampler s tng thm bn du marker trong nh. Cc gi tr

mu di cc marker ny xut hin trong Palette Info, v ging nh v tr cursor, n cho bit cc gi tr trc/ sau khi ban ang thc hin cc thay i.

b. Chn cc lnh iu chnh mu

Photoshop cung cp hng chc lnh khc nhau m bn c th s dng ci tin din mo ca cc nh, tt c chng u c th c truy cp d dng thng qua menu Image | Adjustments.

Mt s c cc mc ch chuyn bit, v mt s cc k linh hot. a s cc lnh c trnh by y c th c thm vo cc nh ca bn dng mt lp iu chnh (adjustment layer) tng thm s linh hot.

Auto Color

Auto Color c l l cch n gin nht ci tin c mu sc v sc ( ti ca vng ti v sng ca vng sng). Hy chn lnh v Photoshop s t ng tm cc pixel sng nht v ti nht trong nh. Sau da trn c s tng knh, n phn b li cc gi tr ca pixel cn li. tm hiu thm thng tin v Auto Color v cc lnh Auto Contrast v Auto Levels lin quan.

CurvesLnh Curves cng c trnh by bi tip theo. Tuy nhin, chnh sa mu (thay v iu chnh sc , bn cn lm vic trn mi knh ring l, chn ln lt mi knh t menu bt ln nm u hp thoi Curves.

Mc d vic lm trn mi knh vi Curves c th rt hiu qu nhng n cng c th lm mt nhiu thi gian do bi vic di chuyn ti lui gia cc knh khi iu chnh. Tuy iu ny c th bt tin nhng Curves l mt cng c chnh sa mu rt mnh.

Color Balance

Color Balance cung cp ba thanh trt m bn c th s dng thc hin s thay i cho s cn i gia cc phn mu i ngc. Nu nh qu xanh, bn r thanh trt th ba ra xa Blue v v pha Yellow. (y l mt cch tuyt vi nh cc mu no l cc cp i ngc).

Bn c th iu khin cc vng sng, cc vng sc trung gian, v cc vng ti ca nh mt cch ring l bng cch s dng cc nt radio ci hp thoi Color Balance. V trong hu ht cc trng hp, bn s mun hp kim Preserve Luminosity c chn sao

cho sng ca cc pixel ring l c gi li.

Hue/Saturation

Hue/Saturation l mt cng c rt mnh. Bng cch s dng kt hp ba thanh trt, bn c th iu chnh hue (mu) loi b mt sc thi mu khng mong mun, tng saturation ( bo ho) cc mu c v phong ph hn v ni bt hn, v iu chnh lightness ( sng) ci tin sc ca nh.

Lu rng khi bn iu chnh mt vng no qu ti, hy bt u vi thanh trt Lightness bn c th nh gi chnh xc cc thay i khc (Hue v Saturation). Cng ghi nh rng, bn c th p dng Hue/Saturation (ging nh nhiu phn iu chnh khc) cho mt dy cc mu nht nh trong nh, c chn trong menu bt ln nm u hp thoi.

Desaturate

Lnh Desaturate ca Photoshop to ra mt dng biu din thang xm ca mt nh mu m khng lm thay i ch mu. y l mt k thut mu rt hp dn khi bn to mt vng chn trc tin,

cha li mt phn mu ca nh v chuyn i mt phn sang dng thang xm m phng.

Tuy nhin, c cc cch tt hn chuyn t mu sang thang xm, chng hn nh s dng Channel Mixer.

Match Color

Match Color cho php bn iu chnh mt nh ph hp vi mt nh khc (v thm ch bn c th s dng cc vng chn nhn bit cc vng cn iu chnh v cc vng ca nh c s dng lm c s iu chnh), nhng lu rng bn s nhn c cc kt qa tt hn vi cc nh c mu kh tng t. Bn cng c th chnh sa mt bc nh chp v s dng bc nh lm chun chnh sa cc bc nh khc. (Ging nh phn ln s iu chnh nh, bn c th ghi mt s thay i trong mt Action v s dng lnh Batch ca Photoshop p dng iu chnh cho mt chui cc nh.

Bi v y l mt cng c mnh nn bn cn xem xt iu g xy ra trong hp thoi Match Color:

- Ignore Selection When Applying Adjustment: Nu bn c mt vng chn hot ng trong lp ch hay nh ch (v bn mun s iu chnh c p dng cho ton b ch), hy chn hp kim ny. Nu hp kim ny khng c chn, s iu chnh ch c p dng

bn trong vng chn. Lu rng bn c th s dng cc vng chn p dng Match Color cho ch mt phn ca nh (chng hn nh cc tng mu da), hoc bn c th iu chnh mi ln mt vng ca nh.

- Luminance: Sau khi khung xem trc hin th trong ca s nh, bn c th gim sc hoc tng sng ca vng ch vi thanh trt Luminance.

- Color Intensity: Hy xem thanh trt ny nh l mt s iu chnh, gim bt cng ca n.

- Fade: Vic s dng Fade cho php bn ho trn phn iu chnh, gim bt cng ca n.

- Neutralize: Mt sc thi mu khng mong mun c to ra do bi s iu chnh, vic nh du hp kim Neutraliza s loi b n.

- Use Selection in Source to Calculate Colors: Bn c th to mt vng chn trong nh m bn ang c lm ph hp vi nh (nh ngun) v s dng cc mu bn trong vng chn lm c s tnh Match Color.

- Use Selection in Target to Calculate Adjustment: Bn c th to mt vng chn khc trong lp ch hay nh ch vn trnh by Match Color bng mt mu ca cc pixel s dng cho vic tnh s iu chnh.

- Source: Menu bt ln Source lit k tt c cc nh ang m c th c dng lm c s cho vic iu chnh. Ch cc nh c cng ch mu v sau mu l c lit k. Trong mu, nh chnh l ngun m bn c th chn mt lp ph hp. Hy xem ngun nh l nh m bn ang tng kt cc mu ca n. (nh c chn hay lp hot ng bn trong mt nh l phn bn ang iu chnh).

- Layer: Khi mt nh c nhiu lp c chn trong menu bt ln Source, bn c th ch nh lp no (hay mt bn sao ho trn ca cc lp) nh l ngun tht s. Trong v d trn, lp bn di - lp c cha c - chnh l ngun.

- Load Statistics/Save Statistics: Nu bn ang thc hin mt chui cc nh v bn mun tng tc lm vic, hy nhp nt Save Statistics ghi li s iu chnh m bn ang thc hin v sau s dng nt Load Statistics vi cc nh khc.

Raplace Color

Raplace Color l mt cng c dng hon i mu ny ly mu khc. N tht s thch hp trong mt mi trng to m mt o blouse nht nh chng hn c sn vi nhiu mu khc nhau. Hy chp mt mu v sau dng Replace Color to cc mu sn phm khc.

Hp thoi Replace Color nh minh ha di y:

C hai phn ring bit: Selection v Replacement, hy nhp vi Eyedropper tri, hoc trong vng xem trc hoc trong cc ca s nh, v iu chnh thanh trt Fuzziness to vng chn u tin. S dng Eyedropper gia thm cc mu b xung (hay cc bng ca mu ban u), v s dng Eyedropper phi loi bt khi vng chn. (Chn ch cc phn bin i ca mt mu). Sau r cc thanh trt Hue, Saturation, v Lightness trong mc Replacement to din mo mi.

Selective Color

Mc d c thit k gip bn b p cho nhng khim khuyt ca nhng my in, nhng Selective Color c th gip bn thc hin cc vic tuyt vi khc.

Hp thoi ca lnh, nh minh ha hnh di y, c mt menu bt ln cung cp su mu c bn ca Photoshop, cng nh cc mu trng, cc mu trung tnh, v cc mu en. Bn chn dy mu no cn iu chnh v sau r cc thanh trt.

Bn c th lm vic trn mt tp hp mu, no cn iu chnh v sau r cc tranh trt. Bn c th lm vic trn mt tp hp mu, chuyn sang mt tp hp khc v c nh vy m khng phi nhp OK gia cc ln chuyn. Chng hn, bn c th iu chnh cc mu trong nh v gi nguyn cc mu xanh dng, hoc bn c th iu chnh cc mu v sau iu chnh cc mu xanh dng m khng phi thot khi hp thoi.

Khi bn cn thc hin cc phn iu chnh nh, hy chn nt Radio Reletive di cng. Nu bn cn thc hin s thay i c bn, hy chn nt radio Abssolute.

Channel Mixer

c thit k chnh sa mt knh b li trong nh, Channel Mixer cho php bn s dng cc thanh trt thay th mt s hoc ton b cng ca mt knh mu bng ni dung t cc knh khc. Nu bn gp mt nh c mt knh b hng, bn c th s dng s iu chnh Channel Mixer lm vic trn n. Bn gim gi tr ca knh ch bng cch r thanh trt sang tri. Sau , bn r mt hoc c

hai thanh trt kia v pha phi. Ni chung bn cn thm mt lng (k hp gia hai knh khc) gn bng lng m bn loi bt khi knh ch.

Nu bn r mt thanh trt sang tri vt qu s 0 (zero), bn o ngc ni dung ca knh. Bn c th to ra mt s hiu ng khc thng vi k thut ny, o ngc mt phn ca mt hoc hai knh. Khi bn c c hi, hy th n.

C mt iu m Channel Mixer c th thc hin rt tt. Bn c th to cc dng thang xm ca cc nh bng nhiu cch khc nhau trong Photoshop - bng cch chn Image | Adjustments | Desaturate hoc Imae | Mode | Grayscale, hoc bng cch xo cc knh, s dng knh L ca mt nh Lab, v vv Nhng khng c k thut no trong s cc k thut trn hon ton c th so snh c vi vic to nh thang xm vi Channel Mixer. Sau y l cch bn thc hin iu .

1. M nh trong Photoshop v nh gi cc knh mu.

Hy bt u vi mt nh RGB 8 bit c p phng. Xem xt mi knh ring l bng cch nhp vo tng knh v che giu hai knh mu cn li bng cch nhp vo biu tng eyeball pha bn tri ca mi knh. Quan st knh no cha thng tin chi tit cho phn no ca nh. Chng hn, tn l thng s l thnh phn ni bt nht trong knh Green.

2. M Channel Mixer

S dng lnh menu Image | Adjustments | Channel Mixer. (Channel Mixer cng c sn dng mt lp iu chnh).

3. Chn hp kim Monochorome

Khi bn chn tu chn Monochorome (gc pha di bn tri ca hp thoi), bn ang cho Channel Mixer bit rng bn mun mt knh khi bn hon tt vic iu chnh. (Mc d mc ny trnh by v vic to mt nh thang xm, nhng knh c to c th c s dng bng nhiu cch khc nhau trong cc nh khc, chng hn dng mt knh alpha hay mt knh mu m).

4. iu chnh cc thanh trt to mt nh thang xm tuyt p. Hy bt u vi ba thanh trt knh ti cng 40 v thanh trt Constant ti khong 7. By gi hy th lm vic vi cc thanh trt, ghi nh s nh gi ca bn i vi cc knh ring l. Ni chung, i vi mt bc nh gc c phi sng tt, tng gi tr trong cc trng ca cc thanh trt s bng khong 100. Khi nh c v p, hy nhp OK.

5. Lu nh vi tn Grayscale.

S dng lnh Image | Mode | Grayscale chuyn i sang nh thang xm tht s (Channel Mixer nh ch RGB), v sau thc hin vic lu. Bo m bn thay i tn hay v tr khng ghi ln nh gc.

6. Lu nh vi tn Grayscale.

S dng lnh Image | mode | Grayscale chuyn sang nh thang xm tht s (Channel Mixer nh ch RGB), v sau thc hin vic lu. Bo m bn thay i tn hay v tr khng ghi ln nh gc.

Gradient Map

C tnh sng to nhiu hn l chnh sa, tnh nng Gradient Map to li nh ca bn bng cch s dng mt gradient. im dng mu ngoi cng bn tri (cc im neo m mt mu gradient c gn) trong gradient c nh x sang cc vng ti, im dng mu gia s c gn cho dy sc cn li mt ch thch hp.

Ni chung, bn s dng cc mu ti hn cho cc im dng mu bn tri v cc mu sng hn cho cc im dng mu bn phi (mc d cc hiu ng cc k hp dn c th c to bng cch pha trn cc th li vi nhau). Vic s dng mt mu gradient chuyn t en sang trng s to mt nh thang xm (gradient).

hiu chnh gradient, bn ch cn nhp ngay trn gradient mu trong hp thoi Gradient Map. Nhp thm cc im dng mu, r di chuyn cc im dng mu, v nhp mu mu gn cui thay i mu ca im dng c chn.

Photo Filter

Photo Filter ca Photoshop qu tht l mt s iu chnh nh hn l m b lc (filter). Ch filter trong tn m ch cc b lc nhip nh thc t m bn a vo cui ng knh. S iu chnh ny l mt cch tuyt vi chnh sa cc li lin quan n nhit trong mt bc nh ngha l s cm nhn mu nng hay mu lnh ca mt bc nh. Khi my nh chp mt nh trong cc iu kin nh sng khng nh mong mun, bn c th d dng thy r mu b khim khuyt. Gi s my nh c xc lp sang Daylight khi chp trong nh. Khi mt nh qu xanh th n qu lnh; ngc li mt nh c qu nhiu mu cam th n qu nng. (Ghi nh rng y ch l s nh gi theo cm nhn - v mt k thut th nh sng xanh nng hn nh sng vng hay ). Trong Photo Filter, bn chn mt b lc c xc

lp sn t mt menu bt ln hoc chn mt mu m bn thch. Nh bn c th thy hnh di, c hai b lc c xc lp sn v mu tu bin u c hiu qu trong vic trung tnh mt sc thi mu. (D nhin, bn cng c th s dng cc b lc ny u thm mt sc thi mu nu bn thc s mun iu ).

Shadow/Highlight

S iu chnh Shadow/Highlight c trnh by chi tit bi tip nh l mt cng c chnh sa sc . Tuy nhin, lu rng hp thoi Shadow/Highlight cng c cha thanh trt Color Correction. Sau khi bn lm sng cc vng ti hoc gim sc ca cc vng sng, bn c th tng hay gim bo ho ca cc mu trong cc vng iu chnh ca nh bng thanh trt Color Correction.

Invert

Mt ln na, c tnh sng to hn l chnh sa, lnh Invert (khng c hp thoi) ch o ngc cc mu trong nh hay trong cc vng c chn. Mc d vic o ngc cc vng ca mt nh (ging nh hu bo ho) c th thu ht s ch vo ch th ca bc nh, nhng n l mt k thut thng i hi nhiu s tinh chnh sau khi o

ngc.

Posterize

Lnh Posterize p dy mu ca nh thnh mt vi mu c chn.

Ban u bn s c cc mu en v trng, sau l mt s gii hn ca cc mu b xung, da vo ni dung ca nh gc. Bn chn s cc mu m bn mun s dng, v Photoshop chn nhng mu no cn s dng. Bn c th s dng ch khong hai mu (cng vi cc mu en v trng) hoc s dng n 255 mu. Posterize c th to ra mt s m phng kh thch th cho mt bc nh vi ch vi mu.

b. Lm vic vi tnh nng Variatons

Tnh nng Variations, nm trong menu Image | Adjustments, l mt cch bn t ng thc hin cc phn iu chnh mu v sc cho cc nh ca bn. Bn m nh, m Variations, sau nhp phin bn no c din mo tt hn.

Vic s dng Variations l mt ca vic chn ci no p hn, ci ny hay ci kia? Khi bn nhp mt trong cc nh, n di chuyn n v tr Current Pick, v mt tp hp mi ca cc dng bin i c to t ng. Cc vng mu xanh dng m bn nhn thy trong mt s tu chn hnh trn biu th cc vng m ni cc mu s c xn - c p thnh mu en trong cc ng ti hoc thnh mu trng trong cc vng sng - iu ny s dn n tnh trng chi tit b mt trong nh. Bn c th tt tnh nng bng cch xo chn hp kim Show Clipping gc pha trn bn phi. Cng lu rng bn c th iu chnh cc vng ti, cc vng sc trung gian, v cc vng sng mt cch c lp v bn cng c th iu khin lng bin i gia cc mu.

Hy bt u vi tp hp thanh trt Fine / Coarse gia v chnh sa cc vng sc trung gian, cc vng ti, cc vng sng v sau chnh sa bo ho. By gi hy r thanh trt sang xc lp file v tp trung ch v mt bc nh hon ho.

c. Chnh sa bng tay trong cc knh ring l

i khi cc vng khc nhau ca mt nh i hi cc phn chnh sa khc nhau. Chng hn, bn c th t cc phn chnh sa vo cc vng nht nh ca mt knh bng cch s dng cc cng c to sc trong Toolbox ca Photoshop.

Hnh minh ha trn c mt li rt r rng. pha di bn tri l mt vit nh mu xanh nht cn c loi b. Bng cch s dng cng c Burn trn tng knh, bn c th lm ti vng ca mi knh - mi knh tu theo nhu cu ca n

pha bn tri, bn c th nhn thy vng nh sng ni bt trong thumbnail ca mi knh. bn phi, sau khi s dng cng c Burn, cc vng sng hn s bin mt.

Ngoi cng c Burn, bn c th s dng cc cng c Dodge, Blur, Sharpen, v Smudge. Bn c th s dng cng c Brush v t vi mu en, mu trng hay mu xm. Bn s dng Levels hoc Curves trn tng knh ring l hoc trn mt vng chn bn trong mt hay nhiu knh. Khi tinh chnh mt nh ng e ngi lm vic trong tng knh, bi v iu s to s hon ho hn cho bc nh ca bn.

Hy nhn vo hai Palette Channels hnh trn. bn phi, knh Green l knh hot ng (bn c th nhn bit iu ny bi v n c bt sng), v ch knh Green l thy c (ch knh ny c biu tng eyeball hin th bn tri). Cc knh cn li th n, v bn ch

thy dng biu din thang xm t knh Green trong ca s nh. Tuy nhin, bn tri, ch knh Red l knh hot ng, nhng tt c cc knh u hin th. Bt k s thay i c thc hin cho nh trng thi s c p dng cho ch knh Red. Nhng bi v tt c cc knh u hin th nn bn c th nhn thy ton b s tc ng ln nh. i khi bn mun ch mt knh hin th (khi c cn i dy sc trong sut knh chng hn), nhng phn ln bn mun nhn thy iu g ang din ra trong ton b nh. Nhp mt knh (hoc nhn Shift + nhp hai knh) m bn cn lm vic trong . Sau nhp trong ct tri k bn knh tng hp nm nh lm cho tt c cc knh u hin th.

3. Chnh sa cc tng mu da

Mt trong nhng cng vic kh nht (nhng cng quan trng nht) trong Photoshop l bo m cho da c mu ph hp. Mi ngi c mt tng mu da ring. Vic lm cho da c tng mu ph hp thng l mt s thch thc ln, nhng cng thng l mt s thch thc quan trng.

Khi bn cn iu chnh da cho ch th trong bc nh ca bn, y thng l phn tiu im ca nh - ngi m bn ang chp. V ngay c khi mt ngi khng phi l ch th ca nh, da vn l phn thu ht s ch trong nh.

Bn s nhn thy cc phn bin i khng t nhin trong mu da s rt d nhn bit. Hy quan st mu da ca ch th v thc hin s iu chnh da theo din mo ca mu da .

Cc s trn l cc s CMYK, ngay c s dng vi cc nh RGB. Hy m menu pelette Info, chn Palette Options, v xc lp Second Color Readout sang CMYK.

Hp thoi Option xut hin nh hnh di

Ghi nh rng bn c th s dng cc cng c ly mu mu nh cc placeholder trong nh, theo di cc thay i m CMYK trong Palette Info. Xc lp cc ch s ly mu mu sang CMTK trong Palette Info bng cch nhp vo biu tng Eyedropper bn tri ca ch mu c lit k cho mi phn ly mu.

Bi 5 - Ho trn cc lp mu vi nhau

1. Cch hot dng ca ch lp

Cc ch ha trn (blending mode) c th l mt cng c sng to hoc thc tin kt hp v ci tin hnh nh v ni dung lp. Cc ch (mode) n gin l mt phng tin ho trn ni dung ca hai hoc nhiu lp. C th ngh cc ch nh l mt phng tin bin cc lp thnh nhng chng trnh tnh ton nh. Khi mt lp c xc lp sang ch c th, ni dung ca lp hot ng trong ch d trn ni dung ca cc lp nhn thy c di n trong ngn xp lp. Kt qu nhn thy c l s tng quan trc tip vi php tnh ci sn vo ch . Hu ht cc ch lp khng tht s hu dng cho s hiu chnh mi ngy nhng mt s th c v khi chng hu dng, chng l nhng cng c rt mnh m. Ton b vn cc php tnh c thc hin l quyt nh nhng g cn lm v ch no bn s mun s dng hnh thnh kt qu. S dng cc ch ph thuc vo vic bit chng hnh ng nh th no.

Mc d n thng l nhng g m ngi dng tm kim, nhng nhng phn m t t nht v cc php tnh s c l l cch km hu dng nht tht s hiu nhng g m mt ch hon thnh. Thm ch nhng