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1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

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Page 1: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

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Page 2: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

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Introduction

ACWUA Working Group on Water and Health

Outcomes of a regional survey on wastewater reuse

Compilation of various publicly available studies from the Arab Regions

Work in Progress ....

... Much more information is available but not easily accessible.

Page 3: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

ا����� ا��� ��� ا� �� ����)أآ�ا(ا��� ������ ���� ������ � ������ �������

ACWUA Surveys EIB and other studies

Page 4: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

ا����� ا��� ��� ا� �� ����)أآ�ا(ا��� ������ ���� ������ � ������ �������

ConceptLaws – Regulations – Standards – Risk Monitoring - EnforcementLaws – Regulations – Standards – Risk Monitoring - Enforcement

Water Reuse

Industry

Domestic

Nature Agriculture

GroundwaterRecharge

Rural

Urban

Internal Reuse

Tourism

Final stageof reuse

Water qualityis determinant

Drinking Water

Service Water

Greywater

Wastewater

Rainwater

Green spaceirrigation

Quality ControlAt Source

RiskManagement

Technologies

Water Reuse

Industry

Domestic

Nature Agriculture

GroundwaterRecharge

Rural

Urban

Internal Reuse

Tourism

Final stageof reuse

Water qualityis determinant

Drinking Water

Service Water

Greywater

Wastewater

Rainwater

Green spaceirrigation

Quality ControlAt Source

RiskManagement

Technologies

Page 5: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

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Facts and FiguresThe information was strucured into the following categories:

� General country information� Water budget and wastewater indicators� Strategies, Laws and Actors� Wastewater treatment technologies� Wastewater reuse� Economic and financial aspects� Safety Control and Risk Management

Page 6: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

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Poplulation and Urbanisation

020406080

100

Egypt

Jordan

Lebanon

Morocco

Westbank Syria

Tunisia

Yemen UEA

Population (Mio) Urbanisation (%)

UAE

Page 7: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

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Rainfall and Water Availability

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Egypt

Jordan

Lebanon

Morocco

Westbank Syria

Tunisia

Yemen UEA

max. Annual Rainfall (mm) Water availability (m3/inh)

UAE

Page 8: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

ا����� ا��� ��� ا� �� ����)أآ�ا(ا��� ������ ���� ������ � ������ �������

WW Generation and Treatment

0

500

1000

1500

Egypt

Jordan

Lebanon

Morocco

Westbank Syria

Tunisia

Yemen UEA

Generated WW (MCM) Wastew ater Treated (MCM)

WW generation 54000 MCMWW treatment: 48000 MCM

WW generation 3000

UAE

Page 9: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

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Wastewater Treatment SystemsNumber ofsystems

Type

Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systemsJordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)Lebanon 3 primary treatmentMorocco 31 lagoon systemsWestbank 3 stabilisation ponds and 1 AS systemSyria 40 stabilisation ponds and 3 large AS systems

Tunisia 98stabilisation ponds and AS systems (5 with tertiarytreatment)

Yemen 20 stabilisation ponds and 4 AS systemsUAE 26 2 centralised AS systems, 24 package systems

AS – Activated Sludge Systems (mostly only secondary treatment)

Page 10: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

ا����� ا��� ��� ا� �� ����)أآ�ا(ا��� ������ ���� ������ � ������ �������

EgyptJordanLebanonMoroccoWestbankSyriaTunisiaYemenUAE Green space irrigation

Type of Reuse

Agriculture and Greywater reuseAgriculture - all cropsIrrigation of green areas, Agriculture, WetlandsAgriculture - all crops

Agriculture (direct forage and trees, indirect vegetables)Agriculture (direct forage and trees, indirect vegetables), Greywater reuseAgriculture (limited)Research and Pilot

Standards exist in most countries – focus on effluent quality and notirrigation water quality – most WWTP do not meet the set requirements

Safety control and risk management system is only available in Jordan (CropMonitoring System)

Type of WW Reuse

Page 11: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

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Uncontrolled Reuse - Yemen

Page 12: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

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Controlled Reuse – Jordan Valley

Page 13: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

ا����� ا��� ��� ا� �� ����)أآ�ا(ا��� ������ ���� ������ � ������ �������

Underfinance of sanitation and reuse projects –A vicious circle

Low water tariffsdo not cover

sanitation costs WWTP and staffare

underfinanced

Unskilled staffLack of maintenance

Lack of funds fornew reuse projects

Insufficient treatmentperformance

Low acceptance forWW reuse

Users are unwillingto pay

Fast deterioration ofWWTP

Dependence onexternal funds

Page 14: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

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Two Planning Approaches

Adapted from EIB studies

Available water qualityof existing treatment plant

Intended (viable)reuse option

Possible reuse options

Water quality andtreatment technology

determines

determines

� Status oriented and restrictive

� Future oriented and flexible

Page 15: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

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Summary� Most countries are under water stress – reuse is a must� Wastewater reuse strategies are missing in most countries� Huge potential for wastewater reuse in all countries� Treatment technology is availabe, but bad performance� Effluent quality hardly meets set national standards� Underfinanced sanitation� Agriculture and Green Space Irrigation are major reuse forms� Overlaps and gaps in tasks and responsibilities are common.� For most countries, comprehensive reuse studies exist, however are

not available to the „reuse community“ for mutual exchange

Page 16: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

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Driving forces for wastewater reuse� Political will and promotion� Clear sector policy� Clearly defined tasks and responsibilities among stakeholders� Clear regulatory framework – and enforcement� Water scarcity and availability of non-conventional sources� Advanced state of sanitation and treatment infrastructure� Tariff structure that covers sanitation cost� Profitability of wastewater reuse schemes� Willingness and capacity to pay� Availability of research results and know-how

Adapted from EIB studies

Page 17: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

ا����� ا��� ��� ا� �� ����)أآ�ا(ا��� ������ ���� ������ � ������ �������

Recommendations� There is no „one fits all“ solution� Know-how exchange is crucial and beneficial� Masterplans for Reuse (technical, institutional, legislative, social)� Provide budget for rehabilitation of existing WWTP� Consider Reuse in the planning phase (urban planning, WWTP)� Decentralised solutions for rural areas� Pollution reduction at the source (Pre-treatment of industrial WW)� Assistance to water users and farmers� Make use of exisiting studies in the countries (knowledge is available)� Arab Countries should get involved in the currently launched ISO

standardisation for wastewater reuse in agriculture.(ISO PC 253 – 1st Meeting in October)

Page 18: 1605-1635 rothenberger Presentation WW-Reuse Ifat2010 ......Egypt 240 stabilisation ponds, aerated lagoons and AS systems Jordan 22 stabilisation ponds and AS systems (80 % As Samra)

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The ACWUA Reuse group invites interested experts toparticipate in the group.

Future plans are:

• Update of existing information• Develop commonly accepted indicators• Extension to other arab countries.• Regional Workshops• Training Courses on Reuse• Collection of Success Stories• Publications on various reuse topics

Thank you for your attention.