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1 Heller, P. (2005) 'Understanding Fiscal Space', Policy Discussion Paper

PDP/05/4, Washington, DC : Fiscal Affairs Department, IMF

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4 2016 iema - Tla

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52016 iema - Tla

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2014 2015

or®Yl ^1952100& i|yd fld<U k.rhg iSud jQ w;r" fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Yl ^2002100& yd fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Yl ^2006$07100& i|yd fld<U †ia;%slalfha kd.˙l l,dm wdjrKh fl˙◊'

cd;sl md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfha yd fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylfha úp,khka 1 jk rEm igyfkys b†˙m;a lr we;' cd;sl md˙fNda.sl ñ, yd fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylhkays m%Odk lreKq ms<sn| ixikaokhla 1 ixLHd igyfkys ±lafõ'

†jhsfka m<d;a kjfhys u .Dy tallj, m˙fNdack rgd ms<sìUq jk m˙† md˙fNda.sl ñ, .Kka ms<sn| o;a; mej;Su" wdr®:slfha ñ, m%jK;d yd ñ, úp,khka ms<sn| mqΩ,a ±laula imhhs' cd;sl md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh .Kkh ls¯u fya;=fjka" m%;sm;a;s ;Srlhka yg ñ, ia:dhS;dj yd wfkl=;a idr®j wdr®:sl m%jK;d ms<sn| jvd ±kqïj;a m%;sm;a;s ;SrK .ekSu i|yd wjia:dj i,ihs'

1 jk rEm igyk

c'md'ñ'o'^jï wlaIh& fld'md'ñ'o'^ol=Kq wlaIh&

72016 iema - Tla

cd'md'ñ' yd fld'md'ñ' o¾Ylhkays m%Odk lreKq ms<sn| iei£u

wxYhcd;sl md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylh

^cd'md'ñ'o'&fld<U md˙fNda.slhkaf.a ñ, or®Ylh

^fld'md'ñ'o'&

wdjrKh jk N+f.da,Sh l,dm iy b,lal.; ck.yKh

YS% ,xldfõ iEu m<d;l u ishÆ .Dy tall wdjrKh flfr®'

fld<U †ia;%slalfha kd.˙l l,dmj, ishÆ .Dy tall wdjrKh flfr®'

mokï iólaIKh

2012$13 .Dy tall wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKh

2012 cQ,s ui isg 2013 cqks ui olajd udi 12l ld, iSudj ;=< ° iólaIKh is≥ fl˙Ks'

m˙fNdack rgdjkays R;=uh úp,khka yiq lr .ekSu i|yd idudkHfhka iólaIK ld, iSudj i|yd iïmQr®K jirla wdjrKh flfr®'

2006$07 .Dy tall wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKh

2006 cQ,s isg 2007 cqks olajd jQ udi 12l ld, iSudj ;=< ° iólaIKh is≥ fl˙◊'

or®Ylfha mokï ld, iSudj

2013 2006$07

mokï ld, iSudj ;=< ° uqΩ m˙fNdack úhou

cd'md'ñ' or®Ylfha NdKav yd fiajd mei i|yd uqΩ udisl m˙fNdack úhou re' 32"142'69

tla or®Yl wxlhl w.h re' 321'43 ^re' 32"142'69$100 re' 321'43&

fuu úhoï uÜgu" fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Yl i|yd 2006$07 mokï ld, m˙Éf√ofha ° jdr®;d jQ w.hg jvd ishhg 14'9la jeä h'

fuu by< hdu u.ska i<lkq ,nk ld, iSudfõ fjki" N+f.da,Sh wdjrK l,dm w;r fjki" wd∞hï by< hEu" ñ, .Kkays fjkialï iy tla tla m<df;a NdKav mefiys ixhq;sfhys we;s fjkialï ms<sìUq lrhs'

fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Yl NdKav yd fiajd mefiys uqΩ udisl m˙fNdack úhou re' 27"972'11ls'

t neúka tla or®Yl wxlhl w.h re' 279'72

NdKav mefiys whs;u .Kk

m%Odk ldKav 12la hgf;a whs;u 407la wka;r®.; fõ'

u;ameka yd ≥ïfld< ldKavh we;=<;a fõ'

fld<U md˙fNda.sl ñ, or®Ylys wdmkYd,d iy fydag,a ldKavh" wdydr ldKavh hgf;a ;snqKq w;r" cd'md'ñ' or®Ylfhys th fjk u ldKavhla f,i we;=<;a lr ;sfí'

m%Odk ldKav 10la hgf;a whs;u 373la wka;r®.; fõ'

nr ;enqï jHqyhwdydr i|yd úhoï fldgi" uqΩ m˙fNdack úhofuka ishhg 44'04ls'

wdydr i|yd úhoï fldgi" uqΩ m˙fNdack úhofuka ishhg 41'03ls'

.Kkh ls¯fï ms<sfj<

†.=ld,Sk j is≥ jk" kshe† fjkialï yd m%ñ;s ixfYdaOkj, ° jvd Ndú;hg myiq kuHYS,S jeä†hqKq lrk ,o mshjr follska hq;a ,eiamshr®f.a iQ;%h Ndú; fõ'

,eiamshr®f.a or®Yl iQ;%h Ndú; fõ'

ñ, /ia ls¯u

tla whs;uhla i|yd †jhsk mqrd tla †ia;%slalhl m%Odk k.rfhys ñ, .Kka /ia ls¯fï uOHia:dk 3 ne.ska fhdod .ekSu

fld<U kd.˙l m%foaY wdjrKh jk m˙† ñ, .Kka /ials¯fï uOHia:dk 14la fhdod .e◊ks'

^Wmqgd .ekSu( YS%% ,xld uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2015&

1 jk rEm igyk

8 2016 iema - Tla

nexl=j, ihsn¾ wjodkï l<ukdlrKh

1' ye¢kaùu

úis jk Y;jr®Ifha w. Nd.fha °" iajhxl%ShlrKh ;=<ska ldr®hlaIu;dj by< ±óu wruqKq lr .ksñka" nexl= úiska f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh nyq, j Ndú; ls¯ug fm<ö we;' wka;r®cd, iy ihsnr® ;dlaIKhka biau;= ùu fya;=fjka nexl= fiajd .kqfokqlrejka fj; ióm ls¯u myiq ù we;s w;r" th nexl=j, fufyhqï ldr®hlaIu;dj ;j≥rg;a by< kexùug rel=,la úh' fu f,i nexl= fiajdjka iemhSu ms◊i f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh iy ihsnr® wjldYh nyq, f,i Ndú; ls¯u fya;=fjka iy tajdfha ì| jeàï ksid we;s úh yels wys;lr ;;a;ajhka u. yrjd .ekSu fjkqfjka ihsnr® wj∞kï úfYaIfhka y∫kd .ekSfï iy l<ukdlrKh ls¯fï wjYH;dj we;s úh'

2' nexl= lafIa;%h ;=< ;dCIKh fhdod .ekSu

nexl= lafIa;%h ;=< ;dlaIKh Ndú;hg .;a m%Odk wjia:d lsysmhla my; olajd we;'

’ m˙.Kl.; .kqfokq ieliqï ls¯u y∫kajd °u ;=<ska f,cr® fmd;aj, ,sÅ; j mj;ajd f.k hkq ,enQ .kqfokq m˙.Kl.; moaO;sj,g f.k hdu

’ iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% Ndú;h

’ uOH.; nexl= moaO;s Ndú;h ;=<ska" ishÆ md˙fNda.sl .kqfokq ieliSu iy ffoksl fYaIhka uQ,H .sKqïj,g we;=<;a ls¯u

’ f;dr;=re yqjudre uOHia:dk msysgqùu ;=<ska nexl= iy wfkl=;a Kh fok wdh;kj,g úNj Kh.e;shkaf.a Kh f.ùfï yelshdj ms<sn| mQr®j wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug yelsùu

’ wka;r®cd, yd cx.u nexl=lrK moaO;s yd bf,lafg%dksl f.ùï l%ufõo ìysùu yryd w;:H nexl=lrKh (Virtual Banking) we;sùu

3' ihsn¾ wjodkï hkq fudkjdo@

ihsnr® wj∞kï hkq f;dr;=re ;dlaIK moaO;sj, ì| jeàul m%;sM,hla f,i is≥ jk uQ,Huh w,dN" fufyhqï lghq;=j,g is≥ jk ndOd fyda jHdmd˙l lSr®;shg is≥jk ydks f,i wr®: ±laúh yels h' ;j o" ihsnr® wj∞kï hkq wka;r®cd, l%shdldrlï" bf,lafg%dksl moaO;s" ikaksfõok cd, iy bf,lafg%dksl f,i mqoa., o;a; .nvdlrKh yd iïnkaê; wj∞kï f,i o ye¢kaúh yels h'

4' m%Odk ihsn¾ ;¾ck j¾.

’ yelska$n,d;am%fõY m%ydr

n,d;am%fõY m%ydrhl °" th l%shdlrjkakka úiska wdrlaIs; moaO;s$cd,j,g we;=`M ù o;a; úkdY ls¯u" úlD;s ls¯u fyda fidrlï ls¯u fyda md,khg k;= lr .;a moaO;shla ;=<ska wkjir .kqfokq l%shd;aul ls¯u is≥ úh yel'

’ fn∞y˙k ,o fiajd m%;sfIaOk m%ydr (DDoS)

fuys ° b,lal.; moaO;shla fj; b,a,Sï m%jdyhka fhduq ls¯u u.ska moaO;sh ì| oud tys kS;Hkql+, m˙YS,lhkag moaO;shg msúiSu wysñ flfr®'

’ wys;lr uD≥ldx. (Malware)

fu jeks m%ydrhl °" wys;lr uD≥ldx. Ndú; lr b,lal.; moaO;shla md,khg k;= lr

92016 iema - Tla

.ekSu fyda tys l%shdld˙;ajh wvmK ls¯u is≥ fõ' fu jeks wys;lr uD≥ldx. ffjri" jr®ï (Worm) jeks fndfyda wdldrj,ska meñ◊h yels w;r úúO l%uj,ska ydks meñ◊h yels fõ'

’ iud„h fufyhùï (Social Engineering)(

ufkda úoHd;aul j ñksiqka /jàu ;=<ska" lsishï l%shdjla lr .ekSu fyda Tjqka i;= ryis.; f;dr;=re ±k .ekSu fõ'

’ ;;=ndk m%ydr (Phishing)

fuh m%uqL;u iudcSh fufyhùï l%uhla jk w;r jHdc fjí wvúhla fyda úoHq;a ;eme,a ,smsk Ndú; lr" iel fkd isf;k f,i m˙YS,lhl= i;= ixfõ° f;dr;=re fidrd .ekSu is≥ fõ'

5' ihsn¾ wjodkï nexl=j,g n,mdkafka

flfia o@

ihsnr® wj∞kï ksid nexl=j,g úúO wdldrfha w,dNj,g uqyqK °ug is≥ úh yels h' n,d;am%fõY m%ydr u.ska wdh;kfha m˙.Kl cd,hg we;=`M ù" wkjir uqo,a udre ls¯ï ;=<ska iDcq uQ,H w,dNhla we;s úh yels w;r" n,d;am%fõY m%ydrhl ;j;a m%uqL ;r®ckhla jkqfha nexl= i;= .kqfokqlrejkaf.a ryiH f;dr;=re wka i;= ùu h' fn∞ y˙k ,o fiajd m%;sfIaOk m%ydr fya;=fjka fyda wNHka;r ì| jeàula fya;=fjka nexl=jl ishÆ f;dr;=re ;dlaIK há;, myiqlï ì| jeàula is≥ úh yels w;r" t u.ska ishÆ fiajd iemhqï kd,sld wlr®ukH jkq we;' ;j o" iudc fufyhùïj,g tfrys j M,∞hS m%;sl%shd udr®. .; fkd yels ùu nexl=jla flfrys .kqfokqlrejka ;nd we;s úYajdih ±ä f,i mÆ≥ ùug fya;= jkq we;'

6' nexl=j,ska jd¾;d jQ m%Odk ihsn¾ wjodkï

isoaê(

’ 1973 jifr® ksõfhdar®lays hQkshka vhsï b;=reï nexl=fõ jxpdj

nexl= yd uQ,H fiajd lafIa;%fha is≥ jQ uq,a u ihsnr® wdrlaIKh yd iïnkaO is≥ ùula

jkqfha" 1973 jifr ®° ksõfhdar®lays hQkshka vhsï b;=reï nexl=fõ fg,r®jrekaf.a iqm¯laIljrfhl= úiska nexl=fõ m˙.Kl moaO;sj, .sKqï o;a; fjkia ls¯fuka is≥ lrk ,o tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® ñ,shk 1'5l jxpdjhs'

’ frdah,a nEkala Tµa iafldÜ,kaâys f;dr;=re ;dlaIK ì| jeàu

2012 jifr® °" fuu nexl= iuQyh widr®:l uD≥ldx. hdj;ald,Sk ls¯ula fya;=fjka" †k 6lg jvd mej;=Kq iïmQr®K f;dr;=re ;dlaIK ì| jeàulg uqyqK ≥◊' fuu ì| jeàu fya;=fjka" ñ,shk 6'5lg wêl .kqfokqlrejkag Tjqkaf.a .sKqïj,g m%fõY ùug fkd yels úh' tlai;a rdcOdksfha uQ,H kshdulhka úiska miq j fuu isoaêh i|yd ì%;dkH mjqï ñ,shk 56l ovhla frdah,a nEkala Tµa iafldÜ,kaâ nexl= iuQyh fj; mkjk ,°'

’ f–mS fudar®.ka fÉia o;a; fidrlu

ihsnr® m%ydrhla fya;=fjka" 2014 jifr® °" f–mS fudar®.ka fÉia wefu˙ldkq nexl=j o;a; fidrlulg n∫ka úh' th fuf;la b;sydifha is≥ jQ úYd,;u o;a; fidrlula f,i ie,flk w;r" .kqfokqlrejkaf.a .sKqï ñ,shk 83lg wêl m%udKhl o;a; fidrd .eksK'

’ ldr®nkela (Carbanak) m%ydrh

2015 jifr® °" cd;Hka;r fmd,sish iy leiamr®ials ,eí wdh;kh ^m˙.Kl wdrlaIl úi∫ï i|yd úfYaISlrKhla olajk iud.ula& jdr®;d lr isáfha rgj,a 30lg wh;a nexl= 100lska fyda jeä m%udKhlska tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® ì,shk 1l muK uqo,la cd;Hka;r ihsnr® wmrdOlrejka ms˙ila úiska ldr®nkela f,iska kï lr we;s Wiia uÜgfï fkdkj;sk ;r®ckhla (Advanced Persistent

Threat) u.ska fidrdf.k we;s njhs'

’ nx.a,dfoaY uy nexl= m%ydrh(

2016 jifr® fmnrjd˙ udifha °" nx.a,dfoaY uy nexl=fõ ks,Od¯ka jYfhka jHdc f,i

10 2016 iema - Tla

fmkS isá n,d;am%fõYlrejka ms˙ila tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® ñ,shk 101l uqo,la ksõfhdar®la fµvr,a ˙iõ nexl=fõ (Federal Reserve Bank

of New York) msysá nx.a,dfoaY uy nexl= .sKqfuka Y%S ,xldfõ iy ms,smSkfha msysá mqoa.,sl nexl= .sKqï fj; udre ls¯ug iu;a úh' fuu n,d;am%fõYlrejka tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® ì,shk 1l jákdlulska hq;= uqo,a udre ls¯ï 35la l%shd;aul ls¯ug W;aidy ord ;snq◊'

ihsnr® wj∞kï iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,dxlSh nexl= lafIa;%fha w;a±lSï cd;Hka;r w;a±lSï yd iu.dó j mj;S' tfia jqj o" uyd m˙udKfhka f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh fhd∞ .kq ,nk wka;r®cd, yd cx.u nexl=lrK wxYhka ys nrm;, ihsnr® wdrlaIK isoaëka w;f,diailg muKla Y%S ,xldj uqyqK ° we;' fu jeks is≥ úï we;s ù we;s jdr .Kk ie,lSfï °" iudchSh fufyhùï iy ;;=ndk m%ydr m<uq ;ekg m;a ù we;'

7' ihsn¾ wjodkï l<ukdlrK moaO;s

;ks ;ks nexl=" rch iy Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j ksrka;rfhka ihsnr® wj∞kï l<ukdlrK l%ufõo l%shd;aul lrk w;r" uE;l ° .kq ,enQ t jeks l%shd udr®. my; m˙† fõ'

’ uQ,sl wdrlaIK m%ñ;sh

2014 jifr® °" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska f;dr;=re wdrlaIK l<ukdlrKh i|yd jk uQ,sl wdrlaIK m%ñ;sh" wj∞kï l<ukdlrK ksfhda.hla f,i ishÆ u n,m;%,dNS nexl= fj; ksl=;a lrk ,°' fuu uQ,sl wdrlaIK m%ñ;sh" f;dr;=re wdrlaIdj ms<sn| jk ISO-27001 m%ñ;sh u; mokï j we;s w;r" f;dr;=re wdrlaIK l<ukdlrK ixúOdkh" f;dr;=re wdrlaIK m%;sm;a;sh" f;dr;=re j;alï l<ukdlrKh" fufyhqï wdrlaIKh iy f;dr;=re wdrlaIK isoaê l<ukdlrKh we;=<;a j" f;dr;=re wdrlaIKhg w∞< jiï 14la wdjrKh lrkq ,nhs'

’ m˙.Kl wdrlaIK wjia:d m%;spdr lKavdhu

is≥ùïj,g uqyqK °u ms◊i" YS% ,xldj ihsnr® wjodkïj,ska wrCId ls¯fï ldr®hNdrh mjrd foñka" by< hk ihsnr® wdrCIK is≥ùïj,g uqyqK °u ms◊i Y%S ,xld m˙.Kl y†is m%%;spdr ixiofha iïnkaëlrK uOHia:dkh (SLCERT|CC) Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl m˙.Kl y†is m%%;spdr ixioh (National CERT) f,i ia:dmkh lrk ,°' 2014 jifr® °" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j" Y%S ,xld m˙.Kl y†is wjia:d iQ∞kï lKavdhï iïnkaëlrK uOHia:dkh yd nexl= wxYh iu`. taldnoaO j msysgqjk ,o nexl= m˙.Kl wdrlaIK wjia:d m%;spdr lKavdhu (BankCSIRT) jr®;udkfha ° FINCSIRT kñka nexl= yd uQ,H wdh;kj, ihsnr® wj∞kï l<ukdlrKhg iydh fõ'

8' nexl= .kqfokqlrejkaf.a j.lSï

iEu úg u" ,nd .kakd ishÆ u nexl= myiqlï ms<sn| j ie,ls,af,ka isàu .kqfokqlrejkaf.a j.lSuls' wju jYfhka iajhxl%Sh fg,r® hka;% ldâm; yd tys mqoa., y∫kd .ekSfï wxlh (PIN) wdrlaIs; j ;nd .ekSu" Kh m;% iqrlaIs; j ;nd .ekSu yd tajd iqrlaIs; wka;r®cd, .kqfokq i|yd muKla Ndú; ls¯u jeks uQ,sl wdrlaIK l%shdudr®. .ekSug .kqfokqlrejka úiska j. n,d .; hq;= h' ;j o" wka;r®cd, yd úoHq;a ;eme,a nexl= fiajdjka ,nd .ekSfï ° w∞< nexl= wdh;kh úiska imhk wdrlaIl wx. ms<sn| úuis,su;a ùu iy m˙YS,lhka y`≥kd .ekSfï f;dr;=re iqrlaIs; j ;nd .ekSu .kqfokqlre i;= j.lSuls'

;j o" m˙YS,lhka y`≥kd .ekSfï f;dr;=re fidrlï ls¯u i|yd úYd, jYfhka jHdc úoHq;a ;eme,a m◊jqv Ndú; lrk neúka" nexl= wdh;kj,ska ,efnk úoHq;a ;eme,a m◊jqv ;yjqre lr .ekSu o jeo.;a fõ'

uQ,dY%(

1. https://www.theirm.org/

2. http://www.interpol.int/

^Wmqgd .ekSu( YS%% ,xld uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2015&

112016 iema - Tla

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy

;%ia;jd§kag uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùu

i|yd wjodku u; mokï jQ m%fõYhla

ls%hd;aul lsÍu

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï iy ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu

uevmeje;aùfï moaO;sh ls%hd;aul ls¯fï ° fuka u Bg w∞< j .kq ,nk ls%hdj,g wkql+,;dj we;s lr .ekSu ms◊i f,dj mqrd úúO rgj,aa úiska §¯;s u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ (Rule Based Approach) iy §wj∞ku u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ (Risk Based

Approach) Ndú; lrkq ,efí' fl fia fj;;a" uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï cd;Hka;r iïuq;Skaf.a uE; ld,Sk j is≥ jQ fjkiaùï wkqj §¯;s u; mokï jQ m%fõYfha¶ meje;s wvqmdvq u. yrjd .ekSu i`oyd §wj∞ku u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ fj; udreùfï m%jK;d olakg ,efí'

1980 oYlfha uq,a Nd.fha ° u;aøjH wdYs%; j is≥lrk ,o uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh by< hEu iy t u.ska jQ wj∞kï ;;a;ajh i,ld n,d f,dj mqrd uqo,a úY=oaêlrK l%shdldrlï wvq ls¯u i`oyd ksr®foaY ls¯u" tu ksr®foaY ls%hd;aul ls¯u yd tajd ks¯laIKh ls¯u iy uQ,H nqoaê f;dr;=re tla /ia ls¯u" úYaf,aIKh ls¯u iy úur®Ykh ls¯u i`oyd ixúOdkh ùu" ta i`oyd m%;sm;a;s$ksr®foaY ls¯u yd jeä†hqKq ls¯u i`oyd 1989 ° me˙isfha meje;s G7 rgj, iuq`Mfõ ° uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldh (FATF)1 ia:dmkh lrk ,°' ta wkqj m%:u jrg 1990 jifr® ° uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh i`oyd jk ksr®foaY 40la b†˙m;a lrk ,°' 2001 iema;eïnr® 11 jk †k wefu˙ld tlai;aa ckmofha is≥ jQ ;%ia; 1. Financial Action Task Force - FATF

m%ydrfhka wk;=re j ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu o we;=<;a jk whq˙ka uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldfha ksr®foaY ;j ≥rg;a mqΩ,a lrk ,o w;r" 2001 Tlaf;danr® udifha ° ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu iïnkaOfhka úfYaI ksr®foaY 9la uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldh úiska y`≥kajd fok ,°' ta wkqj 2004 jr®Ih wjidkfha isg uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu i`oyd ksr®foaY 40›9la jk m˙† uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldfha uQ,H nqoaê úIh m:h mq`M,a úh' 2012 fmnrjd˙ udifha ° is≥ lrk ,o ixfYdaOk iy taldnoaO ls¯ïj,ska wk;=re j ksr®foaY 40lska iukaú; jk ±kg mj;sk uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï rduqj b†˙m;a fl˙◊'

uQ,H wmrdO uev,Sug ;rï Yla;su;a l%ufõo iemhSu yryd uQ,H moaO;sh ms<sn`o we;s úYajikSh;ajh ;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a ls¯u fuu ixfYdaOkhkays b,lalh úh' fuu ixfYdaOkhkaf.a m%;sM,hla f,i uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùfï yd ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu uev meje;aùfï rduqfõ uq,sl ia:rh yd w;HjYH moku njg §¯;s u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ fjkqjg §wjodku u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ b†˙m;a ù we;'

§wj∞ku u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ hgf;a iEu rgla u iy rg ;=< ls%hd;aul jk kshduk n,Od¯ka iy uQ,H wdh;k úiska ;ukag uqyqK °ug is≥ ù we;s uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSfï

12 2016 iema - Tla

wj∞kï ;;a;ajhka y`≥kd .ekSu" ;lafiare ls¯u yd wjfndaO lr .ekSu l< hq;= w;r" fuu wjodkï ;;a;ajfhka l%uj;a f,i wju lr .ekSu yd md,kh ls¯u i`oyd M,∞hS mshjr .ekSug lghq;= l< hq;= h' we;s úh yels wj∞kï ;;a;ajh ie,ls,a,g fkd f.k u §¯;s u; mokï jQ m%fõYfha °¶ ishÆ wdldrfha .kqfokqlrejka iy w∞< uQ,H WmlrK iïnkaOfhka tl yd iudk wjOdkhla iy iïm;a ∞hl;ajhla ,nd °ug is≥ fõ' wfkla w;g" §wjodku u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ hgf;a" uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu md,kh ls¯ug .kq ,nk mshjr" y`≥kd .kakd ,o wjodkï ;;a;ajhkag wkql+, whq˙ka mj;S o hkak ;yjqre lr .ekSug uQ,H wdh;khkag yelshdj we;' tu ksid uQ,H wdh;khg y`≥kd.;a wjodkï idOl mokï lr f.k" ,nd≥ka m%uqL;djkag wkqj iïm;a fn∞ ye¯u is≥ l< yels neúka §wj∞kï u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ u.ska M,∞hs whq˙ka iïm;a fjka ls¯ug bv m%ia;dj ,eî we;'

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh iy ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSfï we;s wj∞kï ;;a;ajhka y`≥kd .ekSu i`oyd iïm;a Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu iy uQ,H moaO;s ia:djr;ajh ;yjqre ls¯u fuka u f.da,Sh jYfhka mj;sk kshduk wjYH;dj <`.d lr .ekSu hk wruqKq w;r ukd iunr;djla mj;ajd f.k hEu i`oyd YS% ,xldfõ uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùu i`oyd flakaøSh ia:dkh jk YS% ,xld uQ,H nqoaê tallh (FIU)2 úiska §wj∞ku u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H wdh;k fj; y`≥kajd fok ,°'

uQ,H nqoaê tallh úiska 2006 wxl 6 ork uqo,a .kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯fï mkf;a 2 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a" 2016 ckjd˙ 27 †k 1951$13 ork rcfha .eiÜ m;%h u.ska 2016 wxl 01 ork uQ,H wdh;k ^.kqfokqlrejka ms<sn`o ksis Woafhda.fhka ls%hd ls¯fï& ¯;Ska uQ,H wdh;khka fj; ksl=;a lrk ,°' uQ,H ldr®h idOl n,ldhg wkqnoaê; l,dmSh wdh;kh jk uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn`o jQ wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmSh lKavdhfï (APG)3 ksr®foaYhkag wkqj YS% ,xldj úiska iïmQr®K l< hq;= wjYH;d bgq ls¯u iy YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H

2. Financial Intelligence Unit

3. Asia Pacific Group of Money Laundering

wdh;k i`oyd §wj∞ku u; mokï jQ m%fõYhg¶ w∞< Wmfoia ,nd °u hk wruqKq fol <`.d lr .ekSu i`oyd fuu ¯;Ska ksl=;a lrk ,°' YS% ,xldfõ iEu uQ,H wdh;khla u §¯;S u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ fjkqjg §wj∞ku u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ ls%hd;aul l< hq;= w;r w∞< kshduk wêld¯ka úiska mkjkq ,nk l%ufõohkag wkqj lghq;= l< hq;= h' tA wkqj" uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jd°kag wruqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùu iïnkaO j rgla jYfhka ,nd .; hq;= wkql+,;dj ms<sn`o j i;=gq∞hl m%.;shla uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh ms<sn`o wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmSh lKavdhu fj; bu 2016 ckjd˙ 31 †k jk úg jdr®;d ls¯ug YS% ,xldjg yels úh'

2006 wxl 6 ork uqo,a .kqfokq jdr®;d ls¯fï mk;g wkqj" §uQ,H jHdmdr¶ hk ksr®jpkhg we;=<;a ishÆ u wdh;k i`oyd fuu ¯;s w∞< fõ' fuu ¯;sj,g wkqj" uQ,H wdh;k úiska §wj∞ku u; mokï jQ m%fõYhg¶ msúiSu wjYH fõ' tA wkqj" iEu uQ,H wdh;khla u uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh yd ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞ku y`≥kd .ekSu;a" ish fufyhqï lghq;=j,g thska we;s úh yels n,mEu l=ulao hkak;a ms<sn`o j úYaf,aIKh ls¯u yd wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSu is≥ l< hq;= h' uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh yd ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞ku we.hSu i`oyd úia;rd;aul wj∞kï we.hSula is≥ ls¯fï ° iEu uQ,H wdh;khla úiska u tla tla .kqfokqlrejkaf.a wj∞kï me;slvhka (Risk Profile) y`≥kd .ekSu i`oyd wjYH wNHka;r ls%hd ms<sfj<la wkq.ukh l< hq;= jkq we;'

.kqfokqlrejkaf.a wj∞kï me;slvhka ksr®Kh ls¯fï °" uQ,H wdh;k úiska tA tA wjia:djkag w∞< lreKq" t kï" .kqfokqlre wh;a jk ldKavh" jD;a;sh" Tyqg wd∞hï ,efnk udr®.h" jHdmdrfha N+f.da,Sh msysàu fyda .kqfokqlrejdf.a iudrïNl m†xÑh we;s rg (Country of Origin) Ndú; lrk ,o fiajdjka" fn∞ ye¯fï udr®." .sKqïj, iajNdjh yd wjYH;dj" iïnkaê; .sKqï yd jHdmd˙l ls%hdld˙;ajh ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= fõ' t fia u .kqfokqlre yd iïnkaO iuia; uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh yd ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSfï wj∞kï ;;a;ajh ksr®Kh ls¯fï °" .kqfokqlreg w∞< wfkl=;a wj∞kï or®Yl o ie,ls,a,g .;

132016 iema - Tla

hq;= h' ;j o" .kqfokqlrefjl= f,i ms<s.ekSu i`oyd m%;sm;a;s iy l%ufõohka" .kqfokqlre ms<sn`o ksis wjOdkfhka lghq;= ls¯u (Customer

Due Diligence) iy jHdmd˙l iïnkaO;djka ms<sn`o j ±kg mj;sk ks¯CIK" .kqfokqlref.a wj∞kï me;slvhka iu`. iu.dó j mej;sh hq;= fõ'

.kqfokqlrejka ms<sn`o ksis Woafhda.fhka lghq;= ls¯fï ° §ir, lrk ,o ;Ska¶ (Simplified Rules) iy §m%jr®ê; ;Ska¶ (Enhanced Rules) Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu" m%;s,dNS ysñld˙;ajh (Beneficial Owner) y`≥kd .ekSu iy uqo,a fyda jákdlï mej¯ï fiajd imhkakka i`oyd i,id we;s úêúOdk YS% ,xldfõ uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùfï rduqj Yla;su;a ls¯ug bjy,a fõ' ;j o" foaYmd,ksl jHqyhg wkdjrKh jQ ;eke;a;ka (Politically

Exposed Persons) ms<sn`o ksis Woafhda.fhka lghq;= ls¯u" kj ;dlaIKh wkq.; lr .ekSu" uQ,H wdh;khkays by< l<ukdld˙;ajfhka ,eìh hq;= ∞hl;ajh" úoHq;a fm%aIK lghq;= ls¯u iy l,d;=rlska meñfKk .kqfokqlrejka i`oyd uqo,a fyda úoHq;a yqjudre iïnkaOfhka .kqfokqlre ms<sn`o ksis Woafhda.fhka lghq;= ls¯fï mshjr" wdh;ksl iïndOl iy wkql+, fkd ùu i`oyd jk iïndOl wd†h i`oyd jk kshduk úêúOdkhka foaYSh iy cd;Hka;r wjYH;djkag wkql+, jk wdldrhg wdjrKh lr we;'

uQ,H wdh;khl .kqfokqlrefjl= f,i ms<s.ekSfï m%;sm;a;sh" nexl= iy wfkl=;a fiajdjka ,nd .ekSu i`oyd tu .kqfokqlrefjl=f.a m%fõYh je<elaùula is≥ fkd jk njg j. n,d .ekSu b;d jeo.;a fõ' t neúka §wj∞ku u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ yryd uQ,H wmrdO uev,Su i`oyd ±kg mj;sk mshjrj, fjkila is≥ fkd fldg uQ,H moaO;shg we;=<;a fkd jk lKavdhï

uQ,H moaO;shg wka;r®.%yKh ls¯u †˙u;a ls¯ula is≥ flfr®' fï whq˙ka u" uqo,a úY=oaêlrK yd ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSug w∞< wj∞ku jeä wjia:djkays" uQ,H wdh;k u.ska tu wj∞kï wvq ls¯u iy md,kh ls¯u i`oyd wjYH .kqfokqlre i`oyd ksis wjOdkfhka lghq;= ls¯ug w∞< m%jr®ê; mshjr .; hq;= fõ' ksoiqkla f,i" ish .sKqfï ie,lsh hq;= fYaIhla mj;ajd f.k hEug iy ;dr®lsl fkd jk f,iska ksrka;rfhka úfoaY yryd úoHq;a fma%IK is≥ ls¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk .kqfokqlrefjl= i`oyd .kqfokqlre ms<sn`o ksis wjOdkfhka lghq;= ls¯fï m%jr®ê; ¯;ska wjYH úh yel'

uqo,a úY=oaêlrKh je<elaùu iy ;%ia;jd°kag uqo,a iemhSu uevmeje;aùu i`oyd §wj∞ku u; mokï jQ m%fõYhla¶ ls%hd;aul ls¯fï uQ,sl wruqK jkqfha wmrdOlrejka úiska uQ,H moaO;sh wjNdú; ls¯fuka wdrlaId lr .ekSuhs' ;j o rg ;=< uQ,H wka;r®.%yKh by< kexùu i`oyd o §wj∞ku u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ ∞hl fõ' t neúka" §wj∞ku u; mokï jQ m%fõYh¶ rfÜ uQ,H moaO;sfha fuka u iuia; wdr®:ßlfha ia:djr;ajh mj;ajd f.k hdug bjy,a fõ'

uq,dY% (

1. FATF (2010), National Money Laundering and

Terrorist Financing Risk Assessment, FATF, Paris.

2. FATF (2012), International standards on

Combating Money Laundering and the Financing

of Terrorism & Proliferation - The FATF

Recommendations, FATF, Paris.

3. FATF (2014), Guidance for a Risk-Based

Approach - The Banking Sector, FATF, Paris.

4. FATF (2015), Guidance for a Risk-Based

Approach - Effective supervision and enforcement

by AML/CFT supervision of the financial sector

and law enforcement, FATF, Paris

^Wmqgd .ekSu( YS%% ,xld uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2015&

14 2016 iema - Tla

Y%S ,xldfõ oßø;dj" wdodhï úIu;dj iy

<ud fmdaIK W!k;d iïnkaOfhka jk

iudc-wd¾Ól wNsfhda.

Y%S ,xldfõ oßø;dj" wdodhï úIu;dj iy

<ud fmdaIK W!k;d iïnkaOfhka jk

iudc-wd¾Ól wNsfhda.

ksoyi ,enQ †k isg fï olajd ld,h ;=< Y%S ,xldj l%ufhka lDIslr®udka;h

uQ,sl lr .;a wvq wd∞hï wdr®:ßlhl isg jvd úúOdx.SlrKh jQ fiajd uQ,sl lr .;a my< ue† wd∞hï ,nk wdr®:ßlhla njg m;a ù we;' úfYaIfhka u wOHdmkh iy fi!LHh jeks iudc ixjr®Ok wxY ;=< we;s jQ lemS fmfkk ixjr®Okh fuu wdr®:ßl m˙jr®;khg jvd;a Wmld¯ úh' Y%S ,xldj ixjr®Ok m%;sm;a;s pl%h ;=< ch.%yKhla w;a lr f.k ;snqK o úfYaIfhka u o˙ø;dj" wd∞hï úIu;dj iy <ud fmdaIK W!k;d jeks wxYj, mj;sk .egÆ fya;=fjka tu jr®Okh mj;ajd f.k hEfï ° iudc wdr®:ßl m˙jr®;kh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq ls¯ug is≥ j we;' wdr®:ßlfha iEu wxYhl u úúO wNsfhda. mj;sk w;r o˙ø;dj" wd∞hï úIu;dj iy <ud fmdaIK W!k;d jeks .egÆ u.ska wdr®:ßl jr®Okh ±ä f,i ≥r®j, ls¯ug iy iudc fkdikaiqka;dj we;s ls¯ug yels nj wOHhk u.ska fmkajd fohs' tu ksid" ck;djf.a „jk ;;a;ajh Wiia ls¯ug iy ;sridr wdr®:ßl jr®Okh yd ixjr®Okh <`.d lr .ekSug fuu úfYaIs; wxY ;=fkys wNsfhda. i,ld ne,Su w;HjYH fõ'

oßø;dj

§o˙ø;dj hkq l=ula o lshd uf.ka fkdúuikak' ula ksid o h;a" uf.a ksjiska msg; ° Tng th yuq ù we;' ksji foi n,d tys we;s is≥re ixLHdj .Kka lrkak' ud we| isák we∫ï iy uf.a WmlrK foi n,kak' ishÆ fohla foi u n,d Tn olsk foa ,shkak' tA Tn olsk foh o˙ø;djhs'¶

- †<s∫ mqoa.,fhla" flkahdj 19971

1 "Can Anyone Hear Us? Voices From 47 Countries". Deepa Narayan

with Raj Patel, Kai Schafft, Anne Rademacher and Sarah Koch-Schulte,

Poverty Group, PREM" World Bank" December 1999, P.26.

o˙ø;dj f,i idudkHfhka ksr®jpkh lrkq ,nkafka l=gqïNhkag yd mqoa.,hskag Tjqkaf.a wjYH;d imqrd .ekSu i|yd wjYH m%udKhg iïm;a fyda yelshdjka mj;S o hkakhs' o˙ø;dj yd ine¢ jQ ≥Ialr;d ke;s ls¯u i|yd nyqúO l%shdudr®. f.k ;snqK o ;j≥rg;a mj;sk o˙ø;djfha ixfla; fya;=fjka" f.da,Sh ixjr®Ok kHdh m;%fha o˙ø;dj wvq ls¯u i|yd ksrka;rfhka u m%uqLia:dkhla ,eî we;'

Y%S ,xldj o˙ø;dj wvq ls¯u iïnkaOfhka ie,lsh hq;= m%.;shla w;a lr f.k we;s w;r ta wkqj kshñ; ld,h jQ 2015g jir 7lg fmrd;= j cd;sl uÜgñka †<s∫nj wvlska wvq ls¯fï iyY% ixjr®Ok wNsu;dr®hkays (Millennium

Development Goals) jk b,lal imqrd .ekSug yelshdj ,eî we;' o˙ø;d fr®Ldjg2 my<ska „j;a jk mqoa.,hska uq`M ck.ykfha m%;sY;hla f,i olajk ck.yk o˙ø;d or®Ylh" o˙ø;dj uekSu i|yd nyq, j u Ndú; lrk ñïu jk w;r" ta wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ o˙ø;dj 1995$96 jifr® meje;s ishhg 28'8 isg 2009$10 jir jk úg ishhg 8'9 olajd o 2012$13 jir jk úg ishhg 6'7 olajd o wvq ù we;' 2009$10 jifr® o˙ø;d or®Ylh wkqj ñ,shk 1'8la jQ o˙ø;dfjka fmf,k mqoa.,hska ixLHdjg idfmalaI j 2012$13 jifr® ° o< jYfhka ñ,shk 1'3la muK úh' mqoa.,fhl= i|yd †klg tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® 1'25la ^2005 jifr® ° l%h 2 2005 jifr® l%hYla;s iduHhg wkqj" udisl tal mqoa., uqΩ uQr®;

m˙fNdack úhou remsh,a 3"624g wvq .Dy ldKavhkays fjfik mqoa.,hska o˙ø;dfjka fmf<kakka f,i Y%S ,xldfõ ks, o˙ø;d fr®Ldj wr®: olajd we;' ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j úiska jir ;=klg jrla mj;ajkq ,nk .Dy tall wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKfha (Household income and Expenditure Survey) o;a; weiq˙ka uQ,sl wjYH;d i|yd úhoï (Cost of Basic Needs) l%uh fhd∞ f.k ks, o˙ø;d fr®Ldj ksr®Kh lr we;' kj;u .Dy tall wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKh 2012$13 jr®I i|yd úh'

152016 iema - Tla

Yla;s iduHhg& f,i ixikaokh ls¯u i|yd Ndú; lrkq ,nk oeä o˙ø;d fr®Ldj Ndú; lrk ,o f,dal nexl= jdr®;djlg wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ o˙ø;dj wka;r®cd;sl iïu;hg jvd wvq w.hl mj;S'3 fuu ksr®jpkhg wkqj" 2002 jifr® ishhg 13la j meje;s Y%S ,xldfõ ±ä o˙ø;d uÜgu 2012$2013 jifr® ° ishhg 3lg jvd wvq w.hlg my; jegq◊'

o˙ø;dfõ fuu ie,lsh hq;= my< hEu" úfYaIfhka u o˙ø;d fr®Ldfjka my< uÜgfï „j;a jk mqoa.,hska we;=`M j wvq wd∞hï,dNS ck fldgiaj, wd∞hï uÜgu by< kexùu i|yd meje;s rchka úiska l%shd;aul lrk ,o fkdfhl=;a jevigykaj, m%;sM,hla úh' iDcq uQ,H wdOdr" „jfkdamdh i|yd wdOdr jevigyka" idudkHfhka wvq wd∞hï iys; mqoa.,hska b,lal lr .;a iykdOdr jevigyka" wdydr iykdOdr jevigyka iy ksoyia wOHdmkh yd fi!LHh jeks idudkH fmd≥ iqnidOkh i|yd jQ rdcH úhoñka is≥ l< jevigyka hkd†h fï i|yd we;=<;a úh'

jir .Kkdjla ;=< o˙ø;dj l%ufhka wvq lr .ksñka iy 2000-2015 w;r ld,h ;=< o˙ø;dj y˙ wvlska wvq ls¯fï iyY% ixjr®Ok wNsu;dr®: imqrd .;a rgla f,i Y%S ,xldj" 2030 jifr® ° ;sridr ixjr®Ok wNsu;dr®: hgf;a <`.d lr .ekSug wfmalaId lrk iEu ;ekl u ishÆ u wdldrj,ska mj;sk o˙ø;dj wjika ls¯fï kj wNsfhda.hg fï jk úg uqyqK ° we;' Y%S ,xldj iïnkaOfhka .;a l< úfYaIfhka u wvq wjOdkhg ,la jQ †ia;%slal ;=< mj;sk wka; ≥mam;alu ;=rka lr úh yels m%;sm;a;suh l%shdudr®. .ekSfï wjYH;dj fu u.ska biau;= lr olajhs'

Y%S ,xldfõ 2012 ck yd ksjdi ix.Kkh iy 2012$13 .Dy tAll wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKfha o;a; u; mokï j ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j iy f,dal nexl=fõ f.da,Sh o˙ø;d m˙phka ms<sn| lKavdhu ilia l< o˙ø;d is;shu u.ska m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdY uÜgfï o˙ø;d wkqmd; w;r mj;sk ie,lsh hq;= N+f.da,Sh úIu;d biau;= lr olajhs'4 W∞yrKhla 3 Oxfam Issue Briefing, Wealth: Having it All and Wanting More, January

2015

4 The Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Sri Lanka, ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j - Sri Lanka and Poverty Global Practice,

f,dal nexl= iuQyh - 2015 wf.daia;=

f,i uvl,mqj †ia;%slalfha m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdij, ck.yk o˙ø;d or®Ylh ishhg 5'3 isg ishhg 45'1 olajd úYd, f,i úp,kh ù we;' fudKrd., †ia;%slalfha ishÆ u m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdij, ie,lsh hq;= uÜgfï W.% o˙ø;djla mej;s◊' iuyr †ia;%slalj, o˙ø;dj wvq uÜgul meje;s w;r iuia;hla f,i .;a l< uykqjr †ia;%slalfha wl=rK iy ;%sl=Kdu, †ia;%slalfha lskakshd jeks iuyr m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdij, o˙ø;dfjka fmf<k m%foaY me;sr mj;S' ck.yk o˙ø;d or®Ylh ishhg 0'6la jdr®;d ù we;s Y%S ,xldfõ wvq u o˙ø;djla mj;sk fld<U †ia;%slalfha foysj, m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih iy ck.yk o˙ø;d or®Ylh ishhg 45'1la jdr®;d ù we;s uvl,mq †ia;%slalfha ukauqfkhs-ngysr m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih w;r mj;sk mr;rh u.ska jeä jYfhka mj;sk o˙ø;djfha N+f.da,Sh úIu;d ks¯laIKh l< yels h' ck.yk o˙ø;d or®Ylh by< uÜgul mej;Su u.ska" ck.ykfhka by< m%;sY;hla †<s∫Ndjfhka fmf<k nj iEu úg u ms<sìUq fkd lrk nj o˙ø;dfõ m%dfoaYSh jHdma;sh u.ska o fmkajd fohs' uq,;sõ iy ukakdru †ia;%slalj, ck.yk o˙ø;d or®Yl w.hka ms<sfj<ska ishhg 28'8la iy ishhg 20'1la jqj o fuu †ia;%slalj, isák ck.ykh rfgys uqΩ †<s∫ ck.ykfha m%;sY;hla f,i ishhg 3'4la muKla ùu iy ck.yk o˙ø;d or®Yl w.h ishhg 6'5la jk l=reKE., †ia;%slalfha †<s∫ ck.yk m%;sY;h ishhg 7'6la ùu u.ska fuh ms<sìUq fõ'

fuu l,dmSh úIu;d" iuia; o˙ø;dj wvq lr .ekSfuka fï olajd rg <`.d lr .;a ch.%yK i|yd mSvd t,a, lr we;s neúka mj;akd wiu;a wxYhka iy rfgys W.% o˙ø;dj h:d ;;a;ajhg m;a ls¯u i`oyd wruqKq lr.;a m%;sm;a;suh l%shdudr®. wjYH fõ' úúO wxY Tiafia jk o˙ø;d mr;rh i|yd wd∞hï m%udKh wka;r®.; jqj o ta u; iSud fkd jk njg wOHhkhka u.ska fmkajd ≥ka m˙† o˙ø;dfõ nyqudk iajNdjh flfrys m%;sm;a;s wruqKq.; ls¯u jeo.;a fõ' ≥r®j, wOHdmkh" uQ,sl myiqlï ,nd .ekSug we;s fkd yelshdj ^wdrlaIs; c,h" ikSmdrlaIdj" fi!LH" W!k fmdaIKh jeks&" ≥r®j, Y%u fjf<|fmd< in|;d iy iuia;hla f,i iM, wdr®:ßl j;alï ,nd .ekSug we;s fkd yelshdj fï

16 2016 iema - Tla

;=< wka;r®.; fõ' rgl o˙ø;djka fmf<kakka yg o" iudc wdr®:ßl há;, myiqlï ,nd .ekSug kS;suh whs;sjdislula we;s neúka Tjqkaf.a .egÆ iïnkaOfhka úêu;a l%shdudr®. .ekSug rchg j.lSula we;' wka; ≥.SNdjfhka fmf<kakkaf.a wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd jk rcfha iqNidOk jevigykaj,ska wdjrKh jk m%udKh by< ±óug wu;r j t jeks jevigykaj, M,odhS;dj jr®Okh ls¯ug wjYH b,lal iy;sl ls¯u jeo.;a fõ' wfkl=;a idr®j uÜgfï l%shdudr®. /lshd úhqla;sfhka fmf<k ;reK fldgia i|yd /lshd wjia:d ksr®udKh ls¯u" há;, myiqlï i|yd

jk rdcH wdfhdack jeä ls¯u" .%dóh m%foaYj, fmd≥ NdKav i|yd jk m%;smdok by< kexùu iy jhia.; ck.ykh wruqKq lr.;a iud„h wdrlaIK Wmdhudr®. ksr®udKh ls¯u hkd†h i`oyd idr®j uÜgfï l%shdudr®. wjYH fõ'

wdodhï úIu;dj

§fn° hEu u.ska w;s˙la; bj;a l< hq;= w;r m%udKj;a ;rï iEu ñksfil=gu ysñ úh hq;=h'¶

- ú,shï fYalaIamshr®" bx.%Sis kdgH rpl ^1564-1616&

wd∞hï fn°hEfï wiudk;dj" m˙fNdackh iy iuia; ck.ykfha m˙fNdackh fyda fjk;a lghq;= wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= wfkl=;a jeo.;a wxY fõ' Tlaiaµdï (Oxfam) g wkqj" 2014 jifr® ° f,dalfha Okj;a u ishhg 1l ms˙ig f.da,Sh Okfhka ishhg 48la whs;s jQ w;r b;s˙ ishhg 52" jeäysá ck.ykfha wfkl=;a ishhg 99l ms˙i w;r fn° f.dia we;'5 ke.S tk wdr®:ßlhkays jr®Okh fya;=fjka rgj,a w;r mj;akd wiudk;d iq`M jYfhka wvq ù we;s w;r" rgj,a w;r mj;sk tu úIu;dj,ska ck;djg

5. Oxfam Issue Briefing, Wealth: Having It All and Wanting More, 2015 ckjd˙

Èia;s%lalh wkqj ck.yk oßø;d o¾Ylh ( 2009$10 iy 2012$13

†ia;s%lalh iólaIK ld,h

2009$10* 2012$13

fld<U 3'6 1'4.ïmy 3'9 2'1lΩ;r 6'0 3'1kqjr 10'3 6'2ud;f,a 11'5 7'8kqjrt<sh 7'6 6'6.d,a, 10'3 9'9ud;r 11'2 7'1yïnkaf;dg 6'9 4'9hdmkh 16'1 8'3ukakdru - 20'1jjqkshdj 2'3 3'4uq,;sõ - 28'8ls,sfkdÉÑ - 12'7uvl,mqj 20'3 19'4wïmdr 11'8 5'4;s%l=Kdu,h 11'7 9'0l=reKE., 11'7 6'5mq;a;,u 10'5 5'1wkqrdOmqr 5'7 7'6fmdf<dkakrej 5'8 6'7n≥,a, 13'3 12'3fudkrd., 14'5 20'8r;akmqr 10'5 10'4lE.,a, 10'8 6'7

YS% ,xldj 8'9 6'7

uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j * ukakdru" uq,;sõ yd ls,sfkdÉÑ

†ia;s%lalj, o;a; we;=<;a fkd fõ'

1'4 - 3'4

3'4 - 6'2

6'2 - 9'0

9'0 - 12'7

12'7 - 37'3

hdmkh

ls,sfkdÉÑh

uq,;sõ

ukakdrujõkshdj

;s%l=Kdu,hwkqrdOmqrh

mq;a;,ufmdf,dkakrej

uvl,mqj

ud;f,a

kqjr

lE.,a,kqjrt,sh

fld<U

l`M;rr;akmqr

.d,a,

ud;r

yïnkaf;dg

fudKrd.,

nÿ,a,

wïmdr

.ïmy

l=reKE.,

Y%S ,xldfõ oßø;dfõ m%dfoaYSh jHdma;sh - 2012$2103

uQ,h( ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j

o˙ø;d or®Ylh

172016 iema - Tla

fndfyda .egÆ we;s fõ' f,dj mqrd rgj,aj, fjfik Okj;a iq`M;rh úiska cd;sl wd∞hfuys jeä jk fldgia ysñlu ieuúg u w;a lr .kS' fuu m%jK;dfjka fmkakqï flfrk m˙† rgj,a ;=< iy rgj,a w;r jk úIu;dfjys wvq ùu" o˙ø;dfjys m%dfoaYSh jHdma;sh hgf;a jk tla uQ,sl wruqKla f,i y∫kd f.k we;'

Y%S ,xldfõ jdr®Isl tal mqoa., wd∞hu 2003 jifr® ° tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® 981 isg 2015 jifr® ° tlai;a ckmo fvd,r® 3"925 f;la by< .sh o" ie,lsh hq;= wd∞hï úIu;d wLKav j mej;=◊' ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=fõ 2012$13 kj;u .Dy tall wd∞hï iy úhoï iólaIKhg wkqj" uOHkHh yd uOHia: udisl .Dy tall wd∞hï ms<sfj<ska remsh,a 45"878la yd remsh,a 30"814la úh' †ia;%slal uÜgfï ixLHd ie,l+ úg" fld<U †ia;%slalh by< u udisl uOHkH .Dy tall wd∞hu remsh,a 77"723& jdr®;d l< w;r" uq,;sõ †ia;%slalh my< u w.h jQ remsh,a 23"687la jdr®;d lf<a h' ta wkqj" m%;sY; jYfhka .;a l<" by< u oYul iuia; l=gqïN wd∞hfuka ishhg 38l m%;sY;hla ,nd .kakd ,o w;r" by< u ishhg 20l

m%;sY;h iuia; l=gqïN wd∞hfuka ishhg 53l m%;sY;hla ysñ lr .kakd ,°'

ixikaokd;aul j ne¨ l<" rg ;=< wd∞hï fn° hEfï ie,lsh hq;= úIu;djla ms<sìUq lrñka .Dy tallhkaf.ka ishhg 50la" iuia; .Dy tall wd∞hfuka ishhg 20l w.hlg ysñlï lshhs' 2012$13 .Dy tAll wdodhï iy úhoï iólaIKhg wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ wdr®:ßlh ;=< ;ks mqoa., fyda

oYul ldKav iy wdodhï fn§hEu

oYul ldKavhwdodhï ldKavh

^remsh,a&

wdodhï fn°hEu ^]&

wdodhï fn°hEu iuqÉÑ; ^]&

ldKavhiuqÉÑ; w.h ^]&

1 10 10"836 g wvq 1'5 1'5

2 20 10"836 - 16"531 3'0 4'5

3 30 16"532 - 21"286 4'1 8'6

4 40 21"287 - 25"903 5'1 13'7

5 50 25"904 - 30"814 6'2 19'9

6 60 30"815 - 36"758 7'3 27'2

7 70 36"759 - 45"000 8'9 36'1

8 80 45"001 - 57"495 10'9 47'0

9 90 57"496 - 83"815 14'9 61'9

10 100 83"815 g jeä 38'0 100'0

uQ,h( .Dy tAll wdodhï iy úhoï iólaIKh 2012$13" ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j

wdodhï wiudk;dj yd wdodhï fn§hEu

4'5]

57'5] 38'0]

by< u Okj;a l=gqïN ishhg 10

uOHu l=gqïN ishhg 70

†<s`≥ u l=gqïN ishhg 20

uQ,h( .Dy tAll wdodhï iy úhoï iólaIKh 2012$13"ckf,aLk yd ixLHd f,aLk fomdr®;fïka;=j

.Dy tall w;r wd∞hï fn° hEu mQr®K iudkqmd;sl fn° hEulska wm.ukh jk m%udKh ukskq ,nk .sks ix.=Klh6 0'48l w.hl mej;s◊' 2009$10 .Dy tall wd∞hï yd úhoï iólaIKh wkqj jdr®;d jQ 0'49 yd iei£fï ° wd∞hï jHdma;sfha wdxYsl jr®Okhla ms<sìUq l< o" wd∞hï iu;dj jeä†hqKq ls¯ug iq≥iq Wmdhhka l%shd;aul ls¯fï ±ä wjYH;djla mj;S'

6 .sks or®Ylh wdr®:ßlhl mqoa.,hka yd mjq,a tall w;r wd∞hu fn° hEu fyda iuyr wjia:dj, m˙fNdack úhou mQr®K iudkqmd;sl fn°hEulska wm.ukh jk m%udKh u.ska ukskq ,efí' f,darkaia pl%h" jvd;a u †<s∫;u mqoa.,hkaf.ka fyda mjq,a tallfhka mgkaf.k iuqÉÑ; uq`M wd∞hfï m%;sY;h iuqÉÑ; ,nkakkaf.a uq`M .Kkg iudkqmd; j ,l=Kq lr fmkajhs' .sks or®Ylh" mQr®K iudkd;aul j fmkajk ukŒl,ams; fr®Ldjla yd f,darkaia pl%h w;r m%foaYh" fr®Ldfjka my< Wm˙u m%foaYfha m%;sY;hla f,i ukskq ,nhs' tneúka" 0lg iudk .sks or®Ylh mQr®K iudk;dj ksfhdackh lrk w;r" 1 mQr®K wiudk;dj fmkajhs' ^f,dal nexl=j" http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/

Si.Pov.GINI&

18 2016 iema - Tla

<ud fmdaIK W!k;dj7

§l=i.skak yd ukaofmdaIKh" <uhskag wksgq m%;súmdl we;s lrk w;r" wvq nr Wm;a yd Wm;a úl,;d" ia:q,;dj" udkisl yd Yd¯˙l fi!LH .egÆ iy wOHdmk lghq;= ≥r®j, ùu hkd†h iu`. o iïnkaOh'¶

- fï˙hka rhsÜ tâ,auka" m%drïNl$

<ud wdrlaIK wruqof,a iNdm;s8

W.% o˙ø;dj ukaofmdaIKh yd .eí jQ lreKla nj" wdydr nyq, f,dalhl mj;sk l=i.skak yd fmdaIK W!k;dj u.ska w`.jkq ,nhs' fl fia fj;;a" fmdaIK W!k;d úfYaIfhka u CIqø fmdaIK W!k;d" o˙ø;dfjka ñ°ug mqoa.,hkag we;s yelshdjg n,mEï lrk fyhska th o o˙ø;djg m%Odk fya;=jls' <uqkaf.a Yd¯˙l yd udkisl ixjr®Okh wvq ùu" mdi,a meñ”u yd ldr®hidOkh k;r ùug m%n, j n,mdk w;r" tu ksid wOHdmkh i|yd jQ wdfhdackhkaf.a M,∞hS;dj ySk ùu iy bka wk;=re j Tjqka Y%u n,ldhg we;=<;a ùfï ° ksIamdok Od˙;djg wys;lr j n,mdhs' t jeks mqoa.,hka miq j l=i.skak" wvq M,∞hS;dj iy ±ä o˙ø;d W.=,g yiq fõ'

2012 jifr® ° wjqre≥ 5g wvq iuia; <ud ck.ykfhka ishhg 13la jr®Okh k;r jQjka f,i iy ishhg 24la wvq n/;s <uqka f,i jdr®;d fjñka Y%S ,xldjg ±ä nrla jQ <ud fmdaIK W!k;djlg uqyqK fokq ,nhs' kSrla;sh" wvq nr Wm;a" jr®Okh k;r ùu" wvq nr yd Wig i˙,k nr fkdue;s ùu hkd° úúO or®Yl ie,l+ l<" Y%S ,xldfõ ldr®hidOkh" by< fi!LH ch.%yK ,nd .;a rgj,g jvd" b;d my< uÜgfï fi!LH ;;a;ajhka we;s rgj,g jvd ióm uÜgul mj;S'

wdr®:ßlh by< jr®Ok m%jK;djl mej;Su iy „jk ;;a;ajh by< hEu uOHfha jqj o fuu wxYh ;=< miq.sh oYlh ;=< is≥ jQ jeä†hqKqùï b;d iq`M yd ukao.dó úh'

7 §Y%S ,xldfõ <ud fmdaIK W!k;dj ms<sn`o wNsfhda.¶ ^m%ldYhg m;a fkdjQ&" fmdaIK úfYaI ffjoH - fr®Kqld ch;siai" fi!LH wud;HdxYh" fld<U" Y%S ,xldj" u; mokï ù we;'

8 §Preventable Hunger in Our Land of Plenty¶ <ud wdrlaIK wruqo," we't'c'

tlai;a cd;Skaf.a <ud wruqo, u.ska o Y%S ,xldj ;=< <ud fmdaIKh iïnkaOfhka my; ±lafjk jeo.;a ks¯laIK is≥ lr we;9'

÷ fmdaIK W!k;djh Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk .egÆjla j mj;S'

÷ Y%S ,xldfõ <uhskaf.a jeãu j<lajk wkqmd;h ^wjqre≥ 5g wvq ishÆ <uqkaf.ka ishhg 13& weµa.ksia:dkh yd mlsia:dkh jeks l,dmfha wfkla rgj,g jvd wvq w;r" Ökh" ;dhs,ka;h yd uef,aishdj jeks fjk;a ue† wd∞hï ,nk wdishdkq rgj,g jvd by< uÜgul mj;S'

÷ 2009 isg wvq nr yd Wig i˙,k nrla fkdue;s ùu by< .sh w;r †ia;%slal 25ka 24 l u Wig i˙,k nrla fkdue;s ùu" wjqre≥ 5 g wvq ishÆ <uqkaf.ka ishhg 15g jvd& nrm;< lreKla f,i fmkS f.dia ;sfí'

÷ jeãu k;r jQ <uqkaf.ka wvla muK iy Wig i˙,k nrla fkdue;s <uqkaf.ka ishhg 27la" jhi wjqre≥ folg wvq wh fj;s'

÷ Y%S ,xldfõ wjqre≥ 5g wvq <uqkaf.ka ishhg 2'3la muK ^40"000& oreKq ukaofmdaIKfhka (Severe Acute Malnutrition - SAM) fmf<k w;r ñ,shk y;rlg jvd" úfYaIfhka u ldka;dfjda yd <uhs kSrla;sfhka fmf<;s'

÷ m%dfoaYSh j iy wd∞hï uÜgu jeks lreKq u; fuys jHdma;sfhys ie,lsh hq;= úIu;d mj;S'

Y%S ,xldfõ <ud fmdaIK W!k;d .egÆj" úh<s l,dmSh m%foaYj, úfYaIfhka u W;=re ueo m<d;" ls,sfkdÉÑh yd fudKrd., iy uOHu l∫lrfha yd j;= wdY%s; ≥mam;a mjq,a tallhka ;=< talrdYS ù we;' Okj;a mjq,aj,g jvd ≥mam;a mjq,a ;=< iy rfÜ wfkla m%foaYhkag jvd j;= wdY%s; j wvq nr Wm;a iy <ud fmdaIK W!k;dj me;s¯u ;=ka .=Khlska by< fõ'

Y%S ,xldj fmdaIK or®Ylhkaf.ka wvq m%.;shla fmkaùug m%Odk;u fya;+ka jkqfha o˙ø;dj" wdydr wkdrlaIs;;dj iy tys m%;sM,hla f,i uõjrekaf.a ≥r®j, fi!LH ;;a;ajh fõ' fï w;˙ka Y%S ,xldj ;=< fï i|yd fya;= jk m%Odk;u idOlh jkafka" wvq nr Wm;a" <ud jeãu k;r ùu yd wvq nr

9 §Nutrition, UNICEF, http(//www.unicef.org/srilanka/

Nutrition(1).pdf¶

192016 iema - Tla

i|yd ;=fkka follg jvd ∞hl jk" Wm;a wdydr wkdrlaIs;;djhs' wdydr wkdrlaIs;;dj" wdydr m˙fNdackfha uolu muKla fkd j fi!LH iïmkak iunr wdydr fõ,la ,nd .ekSug we;s fkd yelshdj o ms<sìUq lrhs'

o˙ø;d uÜgïj,g iu.dó j by< hk wvq nr Wm;a yd jeãu k;r ùu iu`. Y%S ,xldj ;=< wvq nr Wm;a yd jeãu k;r ùu i|yd ∞hl jk m%Odk u idOlh l=gqïN wd∞hu f,i" 1993 iy 2012 w;r wkql%ñl j is≥ l< cd;sl iólaIK úYaf,aIK u.ska fidhd f.k we;' o˙ø;dfjka fmf<k mjq,a fndfyduhlg wdydr imhd .ekSfï yelshdj" mjqf,a ishÆ idud‚lhkag ms<s.;a wju Yla;s wka;r®.;h ,nd .ekSu ;yjqre ls¯ug flfiaj;a m%udKj;a fkd fõ' ta wkqj" Yla;s W!k;dj wd∞hu iu`. ióm iïnkaO;djla mj;S' ffoksl l=gqïN le,˙ W!k;dj 2"000-3"500 w;r fjñka" Yla;s W!k;djkag uqyqKfok b;d o˙ø;dfjka hq;= l=gqïNhkaf.a Yla;s m˙fNdackh" Okj;a l=gqïNhkaf.a Yla;s m˙fNdackfhka ;=fkka follg iudk fõ' o˙ø;dfjka hq;= l=gqïNhka Tjqkaf.a uq`M wd∞hu u wdydr i|yd jeh lrk nj ie,l+ úg o" Tjqkag ;ks j u fuu mr;rh wju ls¯ug yelshdjla ke;' fyd| u ffjoH ;;a;aj hgf;a jqj o" o˙ø;dfjka hq;a mjq,aj, <uqka idudkH jr®Ok m%udKhkag <`.d ùu fyda le,˙ W!k;dfjka hq;a uõjrekag idudkH nfrka hq;a orejka m%iQ; ls¯u ffcj úoHd;aul jqj o wfmalaId l< fkd yels fõ'

1990 oYlfha isg Y%S ,xldj w;a lr .;a tal mqoa., wd∞hug idfmalaI j ishhg 5-6 w;r jQ jdr®Isl jr®Okh idfmalaI j fmdaIK W!k;d or®Ylhkaf.a iqΩ jr®Okhla olakg ,enq◊' wdr®:ßl jr®Okfha wiudk fn°u fï i`oyd wdxYsl jYfhka ∞hl fõ' fuu by< jr®Okfhka ,o m%;s,dN fndfyduhla †<s`≥ fkd jk whg ,nd foñka o˙ø;dfjka hq;= jQjkag iq`M m%;s,dN m%udKhla f.k ≥◊' fuh o˙ø;dfjka fmf<k whf.a „jk ;;a;ajfha mj;sk wvqmdvqj, m%;sM,hla fõ' Y%S ,dxlslhkaf.ka ishhg 40la jQ o˙ø;dfjka hq;= jQjkag ,efnk wd∞hï fldgi 1990 ° ishhg 21 isg 2012$13 jifr® ° ishhg 13'7 olajd my< hEug jr®Ok úIu;d fya;= úh' fï iu`." rcfha iykdOdr b,lal ls¯u ≥r®j,

uÜgul mej;Su Y%S ,xldfõ ≥mam;a u ck.ykfha wdydr iqrlaIs;dj flfrys RKd;aul n,mEula we;s lrk ,°'

rg ;=< fmdaIK W!k;dj yd mdol m%Yakj, iudc-wdr®:ßl jeo.;alu fya;=fjka rch u.ska ±kg is≥ lrf.k hkq ,nk m%h;akhkag wu;r j" o˙ø;dfjka hq;= jQjka w;r fmdaIK ;;a;ajhka jeä†hqKq ls¯ug nyqúO m%fõYfhka hq;= l%shdudr®. .ekSu wjYH fõ' M,∞hS cd;sl Wmdhudr®.hla u.ska wj∞kug ,la jQ mjq,aj,g M,∞hS yd m%udKj;a wdydr iemhqu yd foaYSh ksIamdok by< ±óug yd úúOdx.SlrKhg wjYH lDIsldr®ñl Wmdhka" iy t jeks uQ,sl ue†y;aùï i|yd iydh °u" ±kqï °u iy iemhqu jeks laIqø ue†y;aùï wka;r®.; úh hq;= h' fuu .egÆj ksrdlrKh ls¯ug fmdaIK lafIa;%fha fi!LH fiajlhkaf.a YlH;dj f.dv kexùu i|yd m%udKj;a uQ,Hhkhka ie,iSu jeks fi!LH fkd jk ue†y;aùï o w;HjYH fõ' Bg wu;r j" fmdaIK uÜgïj, úIu;d mq`M,a ùu ms<sìUq lrkq ,nk" <uqka w;r wêfmdaIKh by< hEfï lreKq i,ld n,d" wkd.; mrmqr w;r †hjeähdj yd yDo frda. jeks ;;a;ajhkaf.a jr®Okh je<elaùug läkï wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= fõ'

bÈß ±lau

Y%S ,xldj ue†ld,Sk j by< wdr®:ßl jr®Okhla ia:djr j mj;ajdf.k hEug wfmalaId lrk w;r th ck;djf.a „jk ;;a;ajh k.d isgqùug wjia:djka ,nd fokq we;' fl fia fj;;a" wdr®:ßlfha jHqyd;aul fjkialï fya;=fjka mSvdjg m;aúh yels ck.ykh o˙ø;dfjka k.d isgqùu i|yd" wdr®:ßl jr®Okfha m%;s,dNhka §my<g ldka≥ ùu¶ (Trickling Down) u; m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhkag iïmQr®Kfhka úYajdih ;eîug fkd yels ù we;' t neúka" ir®j iyNd.S;aj jr®Okh ;=<ska fi!Nd.H fn∞ .ekSu i|yd" rch úiska iuia; uyck;dj u jr®Ok l%shd∞u i|yd ∞hl ùu muKla fkd j" tys m%;s,dN N=la;s ú£ug yels jk jr®Ok l%shd∞uhla ksr®udKh lr th Yla;su;a j yd wLKav j mj;ajd f.k hEu w;HjYHfhka u is≥ l< hq;= h'

^Wmqgd .ekSu( YS%% ,xld uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;dj - 2015&

20 2016 iema - Tla

rdc.sßh" Y%S chj¾Okmqr udjf;a" wxl 58 ork ia:dkfha msysá Y%S ,xld uy nexl= uqøKd,fha uqøKh lrk ,ÿj"

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ta ksid Tn i;= j kslrefKa mj;sk ldis ish,a, m%fhdackhg .kak'

ldis we; kslrefKa Tnguhs w,dfí

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Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska ksÍlaIKh lr we;'

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Tn okakjdo

jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq úlD;s lsÍu fyda ydks lsÍu 1949 wxl 58 ork uqo,a kS;s mk; hgf;a jrola jk w;r

isr.; lsÍu fyda ov uqo,lg hg;a lsÍu fyda tu o~qjï fol u ,nd osh yels h'

uqo,a kS;s mk; hgf;a mkjk ,o wod< fr.=,disj, (Regulation E) wxl 10 mßÉfþoh hgf;a is;du;d

úlD;s lrk ,o uqo,a fkdaÜgq Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j Ndrfha r|jd ;nd .kakd w;r lsisÿ f.ùula isÿ fkd lrhs'

fuu jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq ika;lfha ;nd.kakka yg tu uqo,a fkdaÜgqj, uqyqK; jákdlug wod< w,dNh

oeÍug isÿ jkq we;'

cd;sl Okh b;sß lr .ekSu i|yd jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgq mßiaiñka iy msrsisÿ j Ndú; lrk fuka

Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j uyck;djf.ka b,a,d isáhs'

jHjydr uqo,a fomd¾;fïka;=j" Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j" 30" ckdêm;s udj;" fld<U 1

+94 (0)112477587

+94 (0)112477726currency@cbsl.lk

jHjydr uqo,a fkdaÜgqjla u; ,sùu" we|Su" uqød ;eîu" lemSu fyda ydks lsÍu jrols'