ASF risk to Asian swine industry

Zhiliang WANG

China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centers

Challenges and Risksto Asian Swine Industry

SPEC-125/South Africa/1987SPEC120/South Africa/1987RSA-3/South Africa/1996SPEC-251/South Africa/1992RSA-2/South Africa/1996

RSA-1-W/South Africa/1999RSA-5/South Africa/1995SPEC-257/South Africa/1993

BOT-1/Botswana/199924823/South Africa/1975RSA-1/South Africa/1995Lillie/South Africa/1973

RSA-1/South Africa/1996SPEC-53/South Africa/1985

Mozambique/1960Mozambique/1979MOZ-1/Mozambique/1994MOZ-8/Mozambique/1994SPEC265/Mozambique/1994

SPEC-245/South Africa/1992SPEC-154/Botswana/1987SPEC-260/South Africa/1993RSA-1/South Africa/1998

Georgia/2007Moz 1/Mozambique/2005MOZ-60/Mozambique/1998MAD-1/Madagascar/1998

NAM-1/Namibia/1995ZIM-92-1/Zimbabwe/1992NAM-1/Namibia/1980ZAM-02/Zambia/2001

Nu98.8B/Italy/1998ANG/70

SPEC-205/Namibia/1989SPEC-207/Namibia/1989SPEC-209/Namibia/1989

NYA-12/Zambia/1986TAN-1/Tanzania/2001

TAN-2003-1/Tanzania/2003SUM-1411/Zambia/1983

MZI-921/Malawi/1992KAB-62/Zambia/1983

MOZ-A/Mozambique/1998UGA-1/Uganda/1995

UGA-3/Uganda/1995

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1.Many genotypes and no vaccine available

Many genotypes especially the genotype II may pose threat to our pig industry

• Classical swine fever (CSF)• Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)• Erysipelas• Salmonellosis• Pseudorabies (younger swine)• Pasteurellosis

2.Hard to differentiate from other swine diseases clinically, esp. those endemic in Asia

And also, clinically, most oubreaks belong to peracuteform, the only clinical signs are fever and death.

3. Asia occupies 65% of the world pig population

China has 476 million heads, accounting for 49% of the total of the world中国生猪养殖量4.76亿头，占全世界总量的49%

FAO, 2009Africa

Oceania

Asia(other than China)

The largest pig population In the world’s continents

4.ASFV can be transmitted and spread by many ways

TicksTicks

Food wasteFood waste

TourismTourism

UnknownUnknown

Wild pigsWild pigs

Pig or pig productsPig or pig productsimportedimported

Sea or air port Sea or air port swillswill

5511

77

99

2255

33

Summary ASFV transboundary pathways

(1960-2010)

ZLWANG

5. Variety of pig production models exists in Asia

@riskFree ranged or Swill fed pigs

Which could be the most important factor to bring ASFV to our pigs

I really don’t know……

Let’s just hypothesize……

1. The wild boars ?

Wild boars do play a important role in eastern Europe

Warthog

Wild boar

Wild boars are widely distributed in Europe and Asia

Sus scrofa range map.jpg,Wikimedia,2013

> 1 million in China

If it happens, the wild boar scenario could be

EuropeChina

South east Asia

WB

DP/WB/PK

Fairly longer time !!!

2. The international airport ?

Angola

Portugal

1957-Portugal 葡萄牙-首次跳出非洲大陆

1971-80s Caribbeans and Brazil 从西班牙传入古巴、海地、多米尼加和巴西

CubaHaitiDominicaBrazil

Terrorist ?

Wikipedia 1971年恐怖分子将病毒投入古巴

3) Distribution of the world major international airports

12 out of the 40 world’s largest airport located in Asia

with 5 in China

List of the 40 world’s largest airports

Be a virusto see the world……

in 24 hours

Airways connect all the main continents 2/3 the airports match well with the high density of pigs, in most pork consuming counties

If it happens, then the airport scenario could be

ChinaEASEAIndia

3. The Seaport ?

2007-2014 Outbreaks

GeorgiaArmeniaAzerbaijanRussiaUkraineBelarusLithuaniaPolandLatviaEstonia

Africa

Georgia

Black Sea

ASF arrived in the Soviet Union for the first time in 1977 through the seaport in Odessa ( now a port city of Unkrain).

-Contaminated food waste taken by pigs

Odessa1977

ASF was introduced into Georgia from southern Africa late in 2006, through the Black Sea Port of Poti.

-Contaminated food waste taken by pigs

2006-2007

疫情扩散到5个州

疫情扩散到10个国家

9 of the top 10 world’s largest seaports located in Asia with 8 in China-by cargo volume per year

Shanghai Yangshan port, one of the 100 seaports dotted on the map

2) World Seaport Distribution and Maritime Routes 9 of the top 10 world’s busiest container-shipping seaports are located in Asia- By ship with most in China

2013Ningbo-Zhoushan，ChinaShanghai,ChinaSingapore, SingaporeTianjin,ChinaGuangzhou,ChinaSuzhou,ChinaQingdao,ChinaTangshan,ChinaRotterdam,NetherlandDalian China

World Major Holiday Cruise

Shanghai Yangshan port, one of the 100 seaports dotted on the map

When it happens, the seaport scenario could be

ChinaIndiaEASEA

Other scenarios

1)Live suids import from countries with ASF endemic or risk

2)Pork or Pork products from the above countries

3)……

Summary of the ASF risks to Asia

• Wild boars from affected neighboring countries

• Food waste or garbage from international traffic (especially the seaports and airports)

• Suid product carried by international passengers, especially those from affected countries

• Smuggling of suids and suid products

• Importing of live suids and suid products from Africa or eastern Europe

Thank you for your attention

China’s Status and Policies for ASF

Status and Policies for ASF

1. Free in record history

2. Research conducted since 1963

3. List A exotic animal diseases since 1978

4. Administrative Regulations on Animal and Plant Quarantine

for Export and Import，1982

5. Administrative Regulations on Animal Epidemic Prevention，

1985

6. Law on Animal and Plant Quarantine for Export and Import，1991

7. Law on Animal Epidemic PreventionIssued in 1997, revised in 2007, amended in 2013

History of Policies for ASF

8. National programs for training and surveillance since 2001

9. National Diagnostic Standard for ASF, published in 2002

10. Intensified program for training and active surveillance

since 2005

11. Risk assessment in 2007 following the Caucasian outbreaks

12. Draft contingency plan for ASF in 2007

13. Emergency response drills in 2007 and 2014

Key points of the policies and standards

1. How to prevent the introduction of ASFV

-Risk assessment of the exporting country

-Ban of the export of live suids and products from

countries affected or at risk

-Implement strict inspection measures before and after the

import from any other country

-Intensify border check for animal product smuggling

-Proper handling of waste from international traffic

2. How to find the suspects and confirm the outbreaks

-OIE standard

-National Standard

Key points of the policies and standards

3. How to report and handle a suspect or confirmed cases

-Laws and regulations

-Contingency Plan for ASF

-Prevention and Control standard for ASF

-Destroy all the infected herds or all suids in the

protection zone

-Close live pig markets in restricted areas

-Intensify active surveillance in restricted areas

-Movement control of the live pigs all over China

-Strengthen biosecurity in all pig farms

-Epidemiological Investigation and analysis

National ASF Emergency Plan and Technical standard for ASF prevention and control

Diagram of the Restricted Areas

3 km radius

All pigs of all herds serologicallly screened immediately after confirmation

Movement prohibited for 30 days

Depopulation of infected farm

Protection zone

Surveillance zone

10 km radius

Screening for Asf at least 30 days

Movement prohibited for 30 days

3 Km

10Km

Key points of the policies and standards

4. How to keep and promote the capacity in recognizing and

handling the ASF outbreaks

-Financial and material reservation for emergency response

-Ongoing collection of ASF outbreak information

-Ongoing risk analysis

-Ongoing training programs

-Ongoing risk based surveillance

-Ongoing updating of the contingency plan

-Emergency response exercises

Training: ASF Diagnosis, Prevention and Control • Plum island, FADDL, APHIS, USDA

2006 2011

• IAH, Pirbright, UK

2008

• Centro de Investigacion en Sanidad Animal, INIA, Spain

• OIE ASF Reference Laboratory, Spain

2010

2010

2011

2012

UK

Spain and Portugal US and Russia

2007

From province, municipality to county

1.Aetiology

2.Epidemilogy

3.Clinical signs

4.Laboratory tests

5.Emergency plan

6.Povention

7.Control

Outline of the Training Course

Laboratory Tests for ASF

1) ELISA Test for antibody2) PCR and realtime PCR for virus

278bp257bp

Deferential diagnosis of ASFV and CSFV by PCR and RT PCRDeferential diagnosis of ASFV and CSFV by PCR and RT PCR

ELISAs based on the ASFV proteins

Inf: ASFV-infected pig serum; Ninf: non-infected pig serum

Application of the Diagnostics

1. National surveillance program

2. ASF ruling out

The streptococcus infection in 2005

The highly pathogenic PRRS in 2006

The ASF rumor in 2007

Year Antibody test Antigen test

2010 50 21

2011 81 101

2012 39 65

Total 170 187

Number of samples from wild boars

Year Antibody test Antigen test

2010 1530 510

2011 978 750

2012 2430 1498

Total 4938 2758

Number of Samples from domestic pigs

Emergency Response Drill for African Swine Fever-28th Sept.2014

First joint drill organized by AQSIQ and MOA

A short summary

1.China is trying its best to prevent the ASF coming into the Country

2.We are also preparing for the control and eradication in case ASF comes

Looking into the future

1. The FAO-CN TCP project will further our ability to confront the challenges from ASF

2. As a partner of the FAO/OIE GARA (Global African swine fever Research Alliance), we will continue to update our knowledge and share our experience in ASF research, prevention and control

3. The ongoing programs funded by Chinese government will help us to conduct more detailed risk analysis and risked based surveillance

4. More technical collaborations between China and foreign partners (especially the OIE reference labs) are needed in termsof Epidemiology and the development of vaccines and rapid pen-side tests

Acknowledgements

• Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in FA

• FAO-CN TCP for ASF

• FAO/OIE GARA

• PIADC,APHIS,USDA

• IAH, Pirbright, UK

• CISA, INIA, Spain

• OIE Reference Laboratory for ASF, Spain

• National Public Good Fund for FAD, MOA, China

Thank you for your attention

4.ASFV can be transmitted and spread by many ways非洲猪瘟的传播途径多种多样