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2014 年 11 月 4 日 : 日程表文化演讲复习生词Project: “ 真的史蒂文森学
校” : 文章一生词练习
of course
当然 dāngrán adv
fat
胖 pàng adj
to fear; to be afraid of
怕 pà v
simple
简单 jiǎndān adj
to jog
跑步 pǎo bù vo
to run
跑 pǎo v
hard to bear; uncomfortable
难受 nánshòu adj
tennis
网球 wǎngqiú n
racket
拍 pāi n
basketball
篮球 lánqiú n
to swim
游泳 yóu yǒng vo
dangerous
危险 wēixiǎn adj
to be willing
愿意 yuànyì av
to attend college/university
上大学 shàng dàxué vo
for the sake of
为了 wèile prep
to improve; to raise; to heighten
提高 tígāo v
level; standard
水平 shuǐpíng n
soccer; football
足球 zúqiú n
game; match; competition; to compete 比赛 bǐsài n/v
international
国际 guójì adj
American-style
美式 Měishì adj
should; ought to
应该 yīnggāi mv
foot
脚 jiǎo n
to kick
踢 tī v
hand
手 shǒu n
to hold or carry in the arms
抱 bào v
to press; to hold down; to weigh down 压 yā v
by
被 bèi prep
to worry
担心 dān xīn vo
fantastic; super
棒 bàng adj
sportswear; athletic clothing
运动服 yùndòngfú n
half a day; a long time
半天 bàntiān
Duration of Non-Action
Time Expression + 没 (méi) + V + ( 了 ) This structure indicates that an action
has not been or was not performed for a certain period of time.
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
他三天没上网了。 Tā sān tiān méi
shàng wǎng le. He hasn’t gone
online for three days.
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
我两年没检查身体了。
Wǒ liǎng nián méi jiǎnchá shēntǐ le.
I haven’t had a check-up in two years.
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
我的狗病了,一天没吃东西了。
Wǒ de gǒu bìng le, yì tiān méi chī dōngxi le.
My dog is sick; she hasn’t eaten anything for a day.
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
妹妹上个月特别忙,三个星期没回家。
Mèimei shàng ge yuè tèbié máng, sān ge xīngqī méi huí jiā.
My younger sister was especially busy last month, and she didn’t come home for three weeks.
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
去年寒假我去英国旅行,一个月没吃中国菜。
Qùnián hánjià wǒ qù Yīngguó lǚxíng, yí ge yuè méi chī Zhōngguó cài.
I went on a trip to Britain during the winter break last year, and didn’t eat any Chinese food for a month.
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
好 / 难 (hǎo/nán) + V
ome verbs can be preceded by 好 or 难 (hǎo or nán), and the resulting compounds become adjectives.
In this case, 好 (hǎo) usually means “easy” while 难 (nán) means “difficult”
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
好受 Hǎoshòu easy to bear
难受 nánshòu hard to bear
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
好写 hǎoxiě easy to write
难写 Nánxiě hard to write
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
好走 Hǎozǒu easy to walk on
难走 Nánzǒu hard to walk on
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
好说 Hǎoshuō easy to say
难说 Nánshuō difficult to say
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
好懂 Hǎodǒng easy to understand
难懂 Nándǒng hard to understand
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
好唱 Hǎochàng easy to sing
难唱 Nánchàng hard to sing
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
In some other compounds 好 (hǎo) suggests that the action
represented by the verb is pleasant while 难 (nán) means the opposite
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
好看 Hǎokàn pretty
难看 Nánkàn ugly
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
好听 Hǎotīng pleasant to the ear
难听 Nántīng unpleasant to the
ear
University of Michigan Flint Zhong, Yan
to go to the bathroom
上厕所 shàng cèsuǒ
University of Michigan Flint
To go to school is 上学 (shàng xué) in colloquial Mandarin
上小学 , shàng xiǎoxué, attending elementary school
上中学 , shàng zhōngxué , attending middle school
上大学 shàng dàxué, attending college.
University of Michigan Flint
Duration of Actions
When a sentence contains both a time expression that indicates the duration of an action and an object, it needs to be formed in one of these two patterns:
A. Repetition of the verb B. Time expression placed before the
object, often with 的 (de)
University of Michigan Flint
She listens to recordings for an hour every day. A. 她每天听录音听一个
小时。 Tā měitiān tīng lùyīn
tīng yí ge
B. 她每天听一个小时
( 的 ) 录音。 Tā měitiān tīng yí ge
xiǎoshí (de) lùyīn.
University of Michigan Flint
She swims for forty minutes every afternoon. A. 她每天下午游泳游四
十分钟。 Tā měitiān xiàwǔ
yóu yǒng yóu sìshí fēnzhōng.
B. 她每天下午游四十分
钟 ( 的 ) 泳。 Tā měitiān xiàwǔ
yóu sìshí fēnzhōng (de) yǒng.
University of Michigan Flint
She reads English newspapers for two hours every day, so her English is getting better and better.
A. 她每天看英文报纸看两个小时,所以英文越来越好了。
Tā měitiān kàn Yīngwén bàozhǐ kàn liǎng ge xiǎoshí, suǒyǐ Yīngwén yuè lái yuè hǎo le.
B. 她每天看两个小时 ( 的 ) 英文报纸,所以英文越来越好了。
Tā měitiān kàn liǎng ge xiǎoshí (de) Yīngwén bàozhǐ, suǒyǐ Yīngwén yuè lái yuè hǎo le.
University of Michigan Flint
Soccer vs. Football
Although the term 足球 (zúqiú) literally means “football,” it refers to soccer, rather than American football.
To avoid confusion, Chinese speakers refer to American football as 美式足球 (Měishì zúqiú, American-style football) or 橄榄球 (gǎnlǎn qiú, lit., “olive ball”).
University of Michigan Flint
真的史蒂文森学校学生的“真的”生活是什么?真的 =zhēn de=really 学生应该 (yīng gāi=should) 来史蒂文森学校吗?
写六篇文章
文章 ( wén zhāng)=article, essay
第一篇文章:史蒂文森学校有什么环境 (huán jìng=ENVIRONMENT) ?
在哪里?天气怎么样?宿舍 (sù shè) 怎么样?
这个学校的环境呢?
2014 年 11 月 5 日 : 日程表文化演讲生词练习“ 为了”句子Project: “ 真的史蒂文森学校” :
文章一作业 : 练习本, Extra Reading
为了 (wèile) usually appears in the first clause of a complex sentence
为了学好中文,他每天听两个小时录音
Wèile xué hǎo Zhōngwén, tā měitiān tīng liǎng ge xiǎoshí lùyīn.
In order to learn Chinese well, he listens to the recording for two hours everyday.
University of Michigan Flint
为了 (wèile) usually appears in the first clause of a complex sentence
为了 _____, 我 ____
>>> 语言 ? >>> 学习 ? >>> 运动 ?
为了提高 ( tí gāo)____,
The Particle 着 (zhe)
着 (zhe) signifi es the continuation of an action or a state. Its function is descriptive.
When 着 (zhe) is used between two verbs, the one that precedes 着 (zhe) signifi es the accompanying action, while the second verb signifies the main action.
University of Michigan Flint
老师站着教课,学生坐着听课。
Lǎoshī zhàn zhe jiāo kè, xuésheng zuò zhe tīng kè.
While the teacher stood lecturing, the students sat listening.
University of Michigan Flint
我喜欢躺着听音乐。 Wǒ xǐhuan tǎng zhe
tīng yīnyuè. I like to listen to
music while lying down.
University of Michigan Flint
美式足球可以抱着球跑。
Měishì zúqiú kěyǐ bào zhe qiú pǎo.
In American football, you can run with the ball in your hands.
University of Michigan Flint
着 (zhe) vs. 在 (zài)
着 (zhe) is normally used after a verb to indicate a continuing action or a state.
在 (zài) is normally used before a verb to indicate an ongoing action.
University of Michigan Flint
the passive voice in Chinese
In Chinese, the passive voice is not used as often as it is in English.
It often carries negative connotations and usually appears in situations that are unpleasant for the receiver of the action, or in situations where something is lost.
University of Michigan Flint
被 / 叫 / 让 (bèi/jiào/ràng) in Passive-Voice Sentences A sentence in the passive voice can be
constructed with 被 (bèi), 叫 (jiào), or 让 (ràng).
Its structure is as follows: receiver of the action + 被 (bèi)/ 叫
(jiào)/ 让 (ràng) + agent of the action + verb + other element (complement/ 了{le}, etc.)
University of Michigan Flint
我的功课被 / 叫 / 让狗吃了。
Wǒ de gōngkè bèi/jiào/ràng gǒu chī le.
My homework was eaten by my dog.
University of Michigan Flint
你买的那些书被 / 叫/ 让你的女朋友拿去了。
Nǐ mǎi de nà xiē shū bèi/jiào/ràng nǐ de nǚpéngyou ná qù le.
The books that you bought were taken away by your girlfriend.
University of Michigan Flint
糟糕,你的网球拍被/ 叫 / 让我压坏了。
Zāogāo, nǐ de wǎngqiú pāi bèi/jiào/ràng wǒ yā huài le.
Oh gosh, your tennis racket was crushed [by me].
University of Michigan Flint
In a passive-voice sentence with 被 (bèi)/ 叫 (jiào) / 让 (ràng), the agent of the action does not always have to be specified.
If the agent of the action is someone that is not identifiable or need not be identified, it can be referred to simply as 人 (rén, someone; people).
University of Michigan Flint
我的信用卡被 /叫 / 让人拿走了。
Wǒ de xìnyòngkǎ bèi/jiào/ràng rén ná zǒu le.
My credit card was taken away.
University of Michigan Flint
同学们在教室里又唱又跳,他快被吵死了。
Tóngxué men zài jiàoshì li yòu chàng yòu tiào, tā kuài bèi chǎo sǐ le.
His classmates are singing and dancing in the classroom. The noise is driving him to distraction.
the agent of the action can be omitted
University of Michigan Flint
你看,我的梨被 / 叫/ 让你的西瓜压坏了。
Nǐ kàn, wǒ de lí bèi/jiào/ràng nǐ de xīgua yā huài le.
Take a look. My pears were crushed by your watermelon.
University of Michigan Flint