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Patrón de actividad, Perfil de Lactato y RPE durante un Torneo de Tenis Profesional

Jaime Fernández Fernández 1, Alberto Méndez -Villanueva 2, 3, Benjamín Fernández-García 4 ,5

and Nicolás Terrados1, 6

1. Functional Biology Department. University of Oviedo (Spain) 2. Team Sport Research Group, School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia 3. Department of Didactics. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. University of Alcalá (Madrid, Spain). 4. Morphology and Cellular Biology Department. University of Oviedo (Spain) 5. Sports Medicine School. University of Oviedo (Spain) 6. Sports Medicine Center of Principado de Asturias (Avilés, Spain).

14th ITF Worldwide Coaches Workshop, Turkey 2005 - “Quality Coaching for the Future”

Introducción En un deporte complejo como el tenis, el conocimiento sobre la respuesta fisiológica durante la competición es esencial para el diseño de programas de entrenamiento efectivos. La literatura indica que el patrón de actividad y descanso (basado en la duración de los puntos y el tiempo real de juego) y las diferentes fases del juego (durante el servicio o al resto) tienen influencia sobre la respuesta fisiológica, frecuencia cardiaca, lactato y consumo de oxígeno (Smekal et al., 2001). El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el patrón de actividad, la concentración de lactato en sangre y la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo (RPE) de jugadores profesionales de tenis durante partidos oficiales. Método 8 tenistas profesionales bien entrenados (4 ganadores de torneos ATP y uno ganador de la Copa Davis Cup) cuya edad era de 27.0±4.4 años; altura de 182.9±5.2 cm y peso de 89.6±7.5 kg participaron en este estudio. Las variables objeto de estudio fueron: a) duración de los intercambios (DR); b) tiempo de descanso (RT); c) relación trabajo descanso (W:R); d) tiempo efectivo de juego (EPT); e) golpes por punto (SR), fueon determinaos mediante análisis de grabaciones de vídeo (Samsung, Vp-d80, Korea). Ejemplos de sangre fueron tomados (n = 52) del lóbulo de la oreja durante los cambios y después del partido. Además, RPE (n = 113) se obtuvo utilizando la escala de Borg de 15 categorías (Borg, 1998). Todas las medidas fueron tomadas durante 3 días de un torneo de tennis professional que se realizó en una pista de tierra batida de exterior. Resultados y Discusión Se analizaron 132 juegos jugados en 6 partidos. Los resultados para las variables que definen las características del juego se presentan en la tabla 1. la tabla 2 expone los resultados para la respuesta fisiológica y percepción de esfuerzo para la totalidad de los juegos analizados (264 juegos)

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Se trata del primer estudio que analiza el stress físico del tenis individual en torneos profesionales. El patrón de actividad coincide con el obtenido en estudios previos en partidos simulados (Smekal et al., 2001). La fase del juego (servicio o resto) influye sobre las demandas físiológicas y la percepción del esfuerzo durante el juego. Lactato y RPE fueron estadísticamente mayors durante el servicio (P = 0.02 y P = 0.0002, respectivamente). Estos resultados amplían la información existente acerca de la mayor exigencia de tipo fisiológico (por ejemplo, frecuencia cardiaca) que supone el servicio, con respecto al resto (Reilly and Palmer. 1993; Smekal et al., 2001; König et al, 2001). Conclusión Algunos de estos resultados (p.e., work:rest ratio o relación trabajo:descanso) podrían ser empleados para diseñar entrenamientos de ejercicio intermitente. Las diferencias obtenidas en la RPE entre servicio y resto demuestran que la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo podría ser una herramienta valida para monitorizar y medir el stress físico durante un partido de tenis y que merece futuras investigaciones. References

• Borg, G. (1998). Borg’s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

• Konig, D., Huonker, M., Schmid, A., Halle, M., Berg, A., & Keul, J. (2001). Cardiovascular, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in professional tennis players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33: 654-658.

• Reilly, T., & Palmer, J. (1993). Investigation of exercise intensity in male single lawn tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 11, 543-558.

• Smekal, G., Von Duvillard, S.P., Rihacek, C., Pokan, R., Hofmann, P., Baron, R., Tschan, H., & Bachl, N. (2001). A physiological profile of tennis match play. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33 (6), 999-1005.

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Activity Patterns, Lactate Profiles and Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) During a Professional Tennis Singles Tournament

Jaime Fernández Fernández 1, Alberto Méndez -Villanueva 2, 3, Benjamín Fernández-García 4 ,5

and Nicolás Terrados1, 6

7. Functional Biology Department. University of Oviedo (Spain) 8. Team Sport Research Group, School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia 9. Department of Didactics. Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. University of Alcalá (Madrid, Spain). 10. Morphology and Cellular Biology Department. University of Oviedo (Spain) 11. Sports Medicine School. University of Oviedo (Spain) 12. Sports Medicine Center of Principado de Asturias (Avilés, Spain).

14th ITF Worldwide Coaches Workshop, Turkey 2005 - “Quality Coaching for the Future”

Introduction Knowledge about physiological responses to match play is essential for the design of effective training programmes in a complex sport such as tennis. Patterns of physical activity and recovery (described by the duration of rallies and the effective playing time) and the stage of play (service or return games) have been reported to influence physiological mediators such as heart rate, blood lactate and oxygen uptake (Smekal et al., 2001). The purpose of this study was to examine activity patterns, blood lactate concentrations and perceived exertion responses during a match in a professional tennis tournament. Methods 8 well-trained, professional male tennis players (four ATP tournament winners and one Davis Cup winner) (mean ± s: age, 27.0 ± 4.4 years; height, 182.9 ± 5.2 cm; body mass, 89.6 ± 7.5 kg) participated in the study. All subjects were fully informed of the experimental procedures prior to providing written informed consent to participate in the study, which was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee. The variables describing the characteristics of the matches; a) duration of rallies (DR); b) rest time (RT); c) work: rest (W:R); d) effective playing time (EPT); e) shots per rally (SR), were determined from video recordings (Samsung, Vp-d80, Korea). Several blood samples (n = 52) were taken from the earlobe at selected changeovers after a game. Also, RPE (n = 113) was obtained using the 15-category Borg RPE scale (Borg, 1998). All measurements were taken from players during a three-day invitational professional singles tennis tournament held in a local tennis club. The matches were conducted on an outdoor clay court. Results and Discussion We analysed 132 games played in 6 matches. The variables describing the characteristics of the matches (Table 1) and the physiological-perceptual responses (Table 2) of tennis match play were calculated as mean values for all games performed by all players (264 games).

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To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation reporting the physical stress associated with single tennis match play in a professional tournament. The patterns of physical activity obtained are in agreement with previous data obtained during a simulated tennis match play (Smekal et al., 2001). Stage of play (serve or return play) influenced the physiological-perceptual responses of tennis match play. LA and RPE values were higher in service games than in return games (P = 0.02 and P = 0.0002, respectively). These results extend previous findings reporting higher physiological stress (i.e., HR) in service games than return games (Reilly and Palmer. 1993; Smekal et al., 2001; König et al, 2001). Conclusion Some results (i.e., work:rest ratio) can be used to refine the design of intermittent exercise training protocols for tournament tennis players. The differences in RPE between serve and return games obtained in this study indicate that RPE is a potentially valuable tool to measure physical stress during tennis match play, and this deserves further investigation. References

• Borg, G. (1998). Borg’s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

• Konig, D., Huonker, M., Schmid, A., Halle, M., Berg, A., & Keul, J. (2001). Cardiovascular, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in professional tennis players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33: 654-658.

• Reilly, T., & Palmer, J. (1993). Investigation of exercise intensity in male single lawn tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 11, 543-558.

• Smekal, G., Von Duvillard, S.P., Rihacek, C., Pokan, R., Hofmann, P., Baron, R., Tschan, H., & Bachl, N. (2001). A physiological profile of tennis match play. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33 (6), 999-1005.