3 Main Types of

1.Narrative

2.Dramatic

3.Lyric

1. Narrative poetry tells a story and has a plot,

characters, and a setting.

– It includes epics, long poems about the feats of

gods or heroes, and

– ballads, songlike poems with short stanzas and

a refrain. The speaker tells a story from a

particular point of view.

2. Dramatic poetry tells a story using a

character’s own thoughts or spoken

statements. It utilizes the techniques of

drama.

3. Lyric poetry is written in highly musical

language that expresses the thoughts,

observations, and feelings of a single

speaker.

[Lyric poetry is written in highly

musical language that expresses the

thoughts, observations, and feelings

of a single speaker. ]

A. True

B. False

[Which of the following is not a

characteristic of dramatic poetry?]

A. [poetry tells a story using a character’s own

thoughts or spoken statements.]

B. [It utilizes the techniques of drama.]

C. [It includes epics, long poems about the feats

of gods or heroes, and ballads, songlike

poems with short stanzas and a refrain ]

D. [examples include: “The Poetic Interpretation

of the Twist” and “The Empty Dance Shoes”]

[What is the main purpose of a

narrative poem?]

A. [to describe a setting]

B. [to convey character]

C. [to express feelings]

D. [to tell a story]

Sound Devices-

shhhh…..what do you hear?

– alliteration, the repetition

of the initial consonant

sounds of words;

– Slippery snakes slid

silently sideways

Sound Devices-

shhhh…..what do you hear?

– assonance, the repetition of vowel sounds in

words that are close to each other;

–grows and goes

–blows and goes

Sound Devices-

shhhh…..what do you hear?

– consonance, the repetition of consonants in

words that are close to each other and contain

different vowels.

• Glass boss (Using ss)

• Pitter-patter (Using tt and er)

• Slither slather (Using Sl, th and er)

• strong and string

•Think!

•My mind is blank!

[Which of the following is an

example of consonance?]

A. [stone holy]

B. [cute kitten cuddles]

C. [all this will still]

D. [boom!]

[“As if this kid felt the chill”

represents which of the following

sound devices?]

A. [rhyme]

B. [alliteration]

C. [consonance]

D. [assonance]

[The following is an example of

alliteration:

“Big brown eyes were buried under

bushy brows.”]

A. True

B. False

Sentence length

Word choice

punctuation

RHYME

• Rhyme- involves matching sounds of words. As melody is to music, so is RHYME to poetry. The sounds of vowels are what create most rhymes.

Roses are red,

Violets are blue,

Sugar is sweet,

And so are you.

Rhyming

words

Example: The first four lines of Byron's "She Walks in Beauty"

Which lines RYHYME?

• She walks in beauty like the night

• Of cloudless climes and starry skies

• And all that's best of dark and bright

• Meet in her aspect and her eyes.

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H…

A

B

A

B

•She walks in beauty under the moon. C

Rhyme scheme pattern: ababc

Figurative Language is used

to make comparisons

– Similes use like or as to compare unlike things;

The sun is like a yellow ball of fire in the sky

– Metaphors speak of one thing in terms of

another- Her hair was silk

– Personification gives human traits to nonhuman

things- The flowers danced in the wind.

“Dreams” by Langston Hughes adapted by Mrs. Freeman

Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die (personification) Life is a broken-winged bird (metaphor) That cannot fly.

Hold fast to dreams (repetition) For when dreams go (personification) Life is a barren field (metaphor) Frozen with snow.

Hold fast to dreams

For when dreams come true

Smiles are like water simile

Refreshing and blue.

What is the rhyme scheme pattern? Abcb abcb abcb

[Which of these lines from “The Poetic

Interpretation of the Twist” contains a

metaphor?]

A. [“Here's a guy who must understand what

the twist was all about.”]

B. [“Let's not forget the pool hall and the

barbershop.”]

C. [“I must not slight the ragweed, / The true

rose of the street.”]

D. [“My head hurts. / I am tired of

remembering.”]

[Which of these lines from “The Empty

Dance Shoes” contains a simile?]

A. [“An empty pair of dance shoes / Will sit

on the floor like a wart.”]

B. [“This is the secret of inertia: / The shoes

run on their own sense of the world.”]

C. [“They are in sympathy with the rock the

kid skips over the lake.”]

D. [“Hot music shakes the windows up and

down the block.”]

[Why is “The Bridegroom” considered

a narrative poem?]

A. [because it has a speaker]

B. [because it tells a story]

C. [because it creates a single impression]

D. [because it is so long]

[Why is “The Guitar” considered a

lyric poem?

] A. [because it has a speaker]

B. [because it tells a story]

C. [because it creates a single impression]

D. [because it is so short]

[What feeling is conveyed by the

imagery in “The Guitar”?]

A. [joy]

B. [sadness]

C. [surprise]

D. [anger]

[Which sentence summarizes the

story told in “The Fish”?]

A. [A woman catches a fish but the fish gets

away.]

B. [A woman catches a fish and takes it home

for dinner.]

C. [A woman catches a fish and then lets it

go.]

D. A woman catches a fish that grants her

three wishes.]

[The purpose of repetition

includes: emphasizing a particular

point , making a poem easier to

memorize, produce particular

effects, such as alliteration or

rhyme or rhythm.]

A. True

B. False

[What type of poem is “The

Fish”?] A. [lyric]

B. [tanka]

C. [narrative]

D. [dramatic]

[Which word describes the

narrator’s overall tone in end of

“The Fish”?] A. [humorous]

B. [nostalgic]

C. [sympathetic]

D. [angry]

[ “..here and there / his brown skin hung

in strips / like ancient wallpaper, / and

its pattern of darker brown / was like

wallpaper;” is an example of what

device?] A. [metaphors]

B. [personification]

C. [imagery]

D. [simile]

[Why did Bishop, the author,

use wallpaper in the

comparison?]

A. [the color of the wallpaper was a perfect

match to the color of the fish]

B. [because the fish and the wallpaper have

so much in common]

C. [it is something the readers can relate to

their own lives]

D. [it is the same texture as the fish]

[To which of the five senses does the

following imagery from “The Fish”

appeal?

“He was speckled with barnacles,

fine rosettes of lime” [p. 293, ll. 16–17]

A. [sight]

B. [hearing]

C. [taste]

D. [touch]

[“I looked into his eyes… …I

admired his sullen face, the

mechanism of his jaw.” Through

this intense diction, what tone is

achieved? ]

A. [sympathy]

B. [respect]

C. [confusion]

D. [fear]

[These appendages hang “like

medals with their ribbons frayed

and wavering”- this simile is….] A. [creating an image of a wavering flag ]

B. [describing hooks hanging from the

mouth]

C. [is comparing the fish’s mouth to a ribbon]

D. [creating the image of a hero winning

many competitions or battles]

[Which of the following is an

example of an onomatopoeia?] A. [soft and tender]

B. [scream! Run!]

C. [ruff! Ruff! Ruff!]

D. [hot and burning]

[Which of the following is not a

graphic element?] A. [punctuation]

B. [line length]

C. [consonance]

D. [word position]

[A story in which all characters,

setting, events, and actions are

clearly symbolic is..] A. [narrative]

B. [an allusion]

C. [an allegory]

D. [irony]

[Which of the following is an

abstract idea/concept?] A. [flag]

B. [freedom]

C. [dove]

D. [rainbow]

Sound Devices-

shhhh…..what do you hear?

– onomatopoeia, is a word or group of words that,

when spoken aloud, imitates the sound it

produces.

• Ticktock..ticktock

• Click of a mouse

• The cow moos.

• Zip the bag.

• The bird tweets.

• The bee buzzes.

Graphic Element

…..what do you see?

Graphic Elements-

• Punctuation- marks such as commas show

the reader where to slow down or pause

• Line length- can help determine whether a

poem has a flowing sound or a short, choppy

sound

• Word position- can show relationships

between words or idea

Sonnet • fourteen-line lyric poems with formal

patterns of rhyme, rhythm, and line

structure.

Allegory An allegory is a story in which all characters, settings,

events, and actions are clearly symbolic.

Each character represents a common member of society. For

example: George represents the everyday person. Not

incredibly memorable. Curley represents the people who feel

'small' and need to flaunt their status or other things. He's

basically the bullies of the world. Every character in this book

reflects certain people in society.

Symbolism

• Symbols are usually person, places, objects,

or actions that represent abstract quality.

– Abstract qualities are things that you CANNOT

physically touch.

• Symbols are sometimes not objects (i.e.

seasons, colors). For instance, winter often

symbolizes closure or approaching death.

• Symbols often have more than one meaning.

A Flag symbolizes Freedom

You cannot physically touch freedom; it is

something you feel or work towards.

A heart symbolizes love

• You can only feel or give love; you

cannot touch love.

Imagery

• Appeals to one or more of the five senses-

sight, smell, sound, taste, touch

• mental images: a set of mental pictures

produced by the memory or imagination or

conjured up by a stimulus

Allusion • Reference to a well-known person, place,

event, or literary work- dictionary!

She was breathtakingly beautiful, but he knew that

she was forbidden fruit.

The above statement is an example of allusion to the Holy

Bible. It is something that you'll find very often. There is

direct reference to the 'forbidden fruit' that Eve could not

resist.

His wife was his Achilles' heel.

The statement given above is a mythological allusion,

as it is a clear reference to Achilles, from the Iliad by

Homer, and that his only point of weakness was in his

heel.

Tanka- unrhymed lines,

5-7-5-7-7 syllables, focuses on a

single strong image or idea.

[Which is the best description of

the traditional form of a tanka?] A. [a three-line poem with lines of seven, five, and

seven syllables]

B. [a five-line poem with five syllables in the first and

third lines and seven in the others]

C. a poem of five to nine lines in which each line has

five syllables]

D. [a seven-line poem in which lines of five syllables

alternate with lines of seven syllables]

Villanelle- line form with a

pattern of repeated lines and a

specific rhyme scheme. Stanza 1

Stanza 2

Stanza 3

Stanza 4

Stanza 5

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METER

• The aspect of time, involving rhythm and

accents of poetry. Whereas musicians

represents time and the beat with a time

signature, readers of poetry record the beat

or poetic words by dividing them into FEET

based on the length of the syllables and

locations of the spoken accents.

• **iamb- any two syllables, usually a single

word but not always- whose accent is on the

second syllable. EXAMPLE u-pon, a-rise

[Which of the following is the

best definition of meter?] A. [an ordered pattern of rhythm]

B. [a songlike narrative with short stanzas]

C. [the repetition of vowel sounds in nearby

words]

D. [a comparison that speaks of one thing in

terms of another]

Haiku- unrhymed lines of

5-7-5, since they are such short

poems, they’re usually written

about things that are recognizable

to the reader such as animals and

seasons.

Free Verse

• has no set pattern of rhythm or rhyme

Rhythm- the pattern of stressed

and unstressed syllables of words

in sequence

• Couplets are stanzas with two lines and rhyme

• A quatrain is a stanza with four lines and a

rhyme scheme.

• Stanza- One of the divisions of a poem,

composed of two or more lines usually

characterized by a common pattern of meter,

rhyme, and number of lines.