TONG CONG TY CONG HOA XA HOl CHU NGHIA VIET NAMBUXJ CHINH VIEN THONG VIET NAM £>5C iap-Tir do-Hanh phuc

CONG TY DICHVy VIEN TH6NG *„„1

______*_o0o

____1

0O0S6:..3.£4-/Qlktnv

V/v: To chiec nguon dien tram Vienthong

Ha noi, ngay 09 thang 3 nam 2006

IT DV VT kvKMCONGÿ/jvN DEN

i\iyoA5,Th6ng..i5..n<5moe...

gui; TRUNG TAM DICHVJJ VIEN THONG KHUVÿC 1,2,3TRUNG TAM DIEUHANHTH6NG TINTRUNG TAMDICHVU KHACHHANGBANQLDAPHONG QLKTNV, KHCN&PTM,DT-PT

Thirc hien quyet dinh cua Tong Giam doc Tong Cong ty BC-VT VN taivan ban sd 401/QD/VT ngay 16/2/2006, Cong ty sao gui cac don vi "Nguyentic t6 dure he thdng ngudn dien tram viln thong" de c&c don vi biet va to chucap dung trong cong tac cua don vi.

ÿe.\ XiervV'ÿ_o0ÿGIAM DOC

TONG CONG TYBUXJ CHINH VIEN THONG VIET NAM

CONG TY DICH\TJ VIEN TH6NG0O0

S6:..3.M../QLKTNV7 * y **

V/v: To chuc nguon dien tram Vienthong

C0NG HOA XA H0ICHU NGHIA VlfiT NAMDoc lap-Tu* do-Hanh phuc

0O0

Ha noi, ngay 09 thang 3 nam 2006

IT DV VI KXiSlIl

IMyOy1

CONG VAN DEN

gui: TRUNG TAM DICHV0 VIEN THONG KHUVÿTC 1,2,3TRUNG TAM DIEUHANHTHONG TINTRUNG TAMDICHVU KHACHHANGBANQLDAPHONGQLKTNV, KHCN&PTM,DT-PT

Thirc hien quy£t dinh cua T6ng Giam doc T6ng Cong ty BC-VT VN taivan ban sd 401/QD/VT ngay 16/2/2006, Cong ty sao giii cac don vi "Nguyentac t6 chuc he th6ng ngudn dien tram viln thong" de c&c don vi biet va t6 chiicap dung trong cong tac cua don vi.

Nffinhfrn:- Nhutren

Liru

ft G 'P •ry yr -./d J; ;« ni|5// U? /*ÿ' 1 ':1 « O V •».11 i J 11J li/f

j; * (tomg* ';6n«i

VifiT NAMV ' />./Ve - \"J

r\ -r v>

,-ye

i. '

CtO

ÿÿJojÿoÿGIAM DOCÿ

K T.G!A M -D6'CIAM

2/

} jcÿ7 ÿ rT TONG CONG TY

&A BUG CHINH vi£n thong

l> VIET NAM

CONG HOA XA HOICHU NGHIA VIET NAMDoc lap - Tudo - Hanh phiic

So: 4oJ /QD/VT Hci noi, ngayA P, thang 02 naty$O0&.ÿ

QUYET DINHCUA t6nG GIAM DOCVe viec: Banhanh "Nguyen tic t6 chut he thing ngu6n dien tranTViBrnfrOTTg":

:x';,; f.'ij

CC'HG VAN -~jc <ÿ< U

TONG GIAMDOCt6nG C6NG TY BUG CHINH-VlfiN TH6NG VlfiT NAM

Can cir nghi dinh 51/CP ngay 01/08/1995 cua Chlnh phu phe duy6t Diiu 16 tochurc va hoat d6ng cua Tong c6ng ty Buu chlnh-Viin thing Vi6t nam;Xet nhu chu thuc te vi cong tac to chuc hi thong ngudn diin tram viin thing.Theo dinghi cua Ong Truong ban Viin thong.

tiluc.(f*

P1' !f*\s(\w ÿ CH|NH VI£N TH5NG

TONG CONG TY

IET NAM

/QD/VT

CONG HOA XA HOICHU NGHIA VIET NAMDoc lap - Tirdo - Hanh phiic

In &k2i<4f/iK* r. :ci-i j.'UHci noi, ngayAithcing 02 namÿ2006r H '.j"G

QUYET DINH CUA TONG GIAM DOC

CCHG VAN -Dic '< _34lNga;.i-/jfc/_AZ-/ 200ÿ2

Vi viec: Banhanh "Nguy6n tic t6 chdc he thC'ng ngudn dien tram vtSErthOTTgÿ'r-

:N

TONG GIAMD6C |T6NG C6NG TY BUUCHINH-VlfiN THONG VlfiT NAM

Can cu nghi dinh 51/CP ngay 01/08/1995 cua Chinh phu phe duy£t Dilu le tochirc va hoat d6ng cua Tong cdng ty Buu chinh -Viin thSng Vi6t nam;Xet nhu cau thuc te vi cong tac to chuc he thong ngu6n dien tram vi6n thOng.Theo dS nghi cua Ong Trucmg ban Viln thong.

QUYET DINH

Dieu 1. Ban hanh kem theo quyet dinh nay "Nguyen tic t<5 chuc he thO'ngngu6n dien tram viin th6ng".Dieu 2. Quyet dinh nay co hi6u luc thi hanh sau 15 ngay ke tir ngay ky.Dieu 3. Cac Ong(ba) Chanh van phong, Thu trucmg cac Ban chuc nang, cacdon vi true thuoc Tdng C6ng ty, Giam doc cac Buu dien tinh, thanh pho va cacdcm vi co lien quan chiu trach nhiem thi hanh quy£t dinh nay.

I

KT.T6NG GIAMDOC

Noi nhan:- Nhudi£u 3- HDQT,TGD(bao cao)- Cac Pho TGD(D6'P/hqp)- Ban KH, Ban DT-PT,Ban KHCN-CN- Luu VP, VT

r4F .if??/TONO aCNh!!*i Bl/UCHWH\?\ Vi£H THONOj

VliT.Hj

GIAM DO<

0/(?A/vC

]LU

mm'«Vy * 1 <Lr-

TRAN MANH HUNG

&Ai 1jcLH

tfANH HUNG /-•- h•rUaC !j J

rU-'GLC.

,7 ,3 ÿdteijaf tctr ÿ ,li ÿ

ÿ

, Vf dCci)ÿ

h

TONG CONG TY BUG CHINH VlfiN THONG VlfiT NAM

V \/ N PT

NGUYfeN TAC TO CHtfC

TONG CONG TY BUG CHINH VlfiN THONG VlfiT NAM

V \/ N PT

NGUYfeN TAC TO CHtfCHETHONG NGUON DI&NTRAM VlfiN THONG

Ha Noi - 2006

NGUYEN TAC TO CHLTC NGUON DI&NTRAM VI&N THONG(Ban hanh theo Quye't dinh so 444IQD-VT ngayit>IOU2006 cua Tong Gidm doc \

Td'ng Cong ty BCVT Viet nam)

He thong Nguon dien - vien thong (HTNDVT) la mot he thong dien, cac Ithie't bi dien dirge ket noi voi nhau theo mot nguyen tac chat che de thuc thennhiem vu ca'p nguon cho tram vien thong dam bao hoat dong lien tuc, an toantrong moi dieu kien.I.Cau true he thong nguon dien vien thong

Cau true cua he thong bao g6m: He thong cung cap dien xoay chieu; Hethong cung cap dien mot chieu; He thong tie'p dat.1.1He thong dien xoay chieu

He thong dien xoay chieu bao gom: Tram cao the', may bie'n the", may phat |dien, tu chuyen doi dien, cac tu phan phe'i dien va mang luoi day, cap dienthirc hien ket n6'i giua ngudn voi cac thiet bi tieu thu dien.

Tram cao the' gom nhung thiet bi thuc hien nhiem vu tie'p nhan ngu6n diencao the" xoay chieu tir luoi dien quoc gia phan ph6i cho cac may bie'n the".

May bie'n the' co nhiem vu bie'n doi nguon cao the' xoay chieu thanh nguon jdien ha the' cung c£p cho trung tarn/tram vien thbng (TTVT/TVT). Ngu6ndien nay co vai tro chu dao va co tinh thuang true.

hiien

NGUYEN TAC TO CHLTC NGUON DI&NTRAM VI&N THONG(Ban hanh theo Quye't dinh so 444IQD-VT ngayit>IOU2006 cua Tong Gidm doc \

Td'ng Cong ty BCVT Viet nam)

He thong Nguon dien - vien thong (HTNDVT) la mot he thong dien, cac Ithie't bi dien dirge ket noi voi nhau theo mot nguyen tac chat che de thuc thennhiem vu ca'p nguon cho tram vien thong dam bao hoat dong lien tuc, an toantrong moi dieu kien.I.Cau true he thong nguon dien vien thong

Cau true cua he thong bao g6m: He thong cung cap dien xoay chieu; Hethong cung cap dien mot chieu; He thong tie'p dat.1.1He thong dien xoay chieu

He thong dien xoay chieu bao gom: Tram cao the', may bie'n the", may phat |dien, tu chuyen doi dien, cac tu phan phe'i dien va mang luoi day, cap dienthirc hien ket n6'i giua ngudn voi cac thiet bi tieu thu dien.

Tram cao the' gom nhung thiet bi thuc hien nhiem vu tie'p nhan ngu6n diencao the" xoay chieu tir luoi dien quoc gia phan ph6i cho cac may bie'n the".

May bie'n the' co nhiem vu bie'n doi nguon cao the' xoay chieu thanh nguon jdien ha the' cung c£p cho trung tarn/tram vien thbng (TTVT/TVT). Ngu6ndien nay co vai tro chu dao va co tinh thuang true.

May phat dien thuc hiien chdc nang phat dien cung ca'p cho TTVT/TVT jkhikhbng co ngu6n dien luoi hoac cha't lugng nguon khong dam bao cac tieu jchudn ky thuat. Nguon dien do may phat dien cung ca'p mang tfnh duphong.

Tu chuyen doi dien thuc hien chuyen d6i sir dung nguon dien luoi hoacnguon may phat dien.

Tu phan pho'i dien lam nhiem vu tie'p nhan va phan ph6'i cho cac phu tai.1.2He thong dien mot chieu

He thb'ng dien mot chieu bao gdm: Thie't bi "nan dien; ac quy, cac tu phanpho'i dien va mang luoi day, cap dien chi lam nhiem vu truyen tai dien motchieu.

Thie't bi nan dien thuc hien nan dong dien xoay chieu thanh dong mot

chieu co dien ap phu hop nap cho ac quy va ca'p cho cac phu tai sir dung jngudn m6t chieu.

Ac quy thuc hien chuc nang du tru nang lugng duoi dang hoa nang, ac |quy dugc noi song song voi dau ra cua may nan va phu tai, binh thucmg ac jquy a che" do nap dem khi khbng co nguon xoay chieu hoac may nan khonglam viec, ac quy duy tri nguon dien mot chieu cung cap cho phu tai. Trong hethong dien mot chieu ac quy ca'p nguon mang tfnh du phong.

Tu phan phoi dien mot chieu co nhiem vu tie'p nhan nguon dien mot chieutir may nan, ac quy phan phoi cho cac phu tai.1.3 He thong tiep dat

He thong tiep dat bao gom: Cac to tiep dat, tarn tiep dat, he thong day tiep |da't. Cac to tiep dat gom: To tie'p da't cong tac thuc hien churc nang tiep dat |cong tac va tiep da't bao ve; To tiep da't chong set cot an ten; to tiep da't chong

Nguyen tic t6 chiic he thring ngufinditn tram vien thong 1/20

set tram viin thdng. Cac td tiep dat nay phai co tri so dam bao yeu clu TCN68- 141: 1999 va duoc noi dang the' vdi nhau tao thanh mot he thong duynhlt.

II-Nguyen tac to chitc he thong nguon dien vien thongII.1Nguyen tdc chung

1. He thong Nguon dien-Viln thdng (ND - VT) phai duoc to elide phuhop vdi quy md, tlm quan trong cua tram viin thdng, dam bao caccau ve ky thult va kinh te.

2. He thd'ng ND - VT phai duoc thuc hien tren nguyen tic thufrng true /Iduphong (Dien ludi/May phat dien; May nan/Ac quy) dam bao cung cjlpdien lientuc an toan cho tram viin thdng hoat ddng 24/24 h.

3. Tat ca cac thiet bi vien thong tren mang su-dung ngudn dien chuln )a:- 48VDC, -24VDC ;220/380VAC tin sd' 50Hz.

' ,4. Ta't ca clc thiet bi cdng nghe thdng tin nhu cac server, router, LA[N

SWITCH dat tai cac trung tarn ky thuat, dai, tram viin thdng co nhuclu su dung ngudn dien xoay chiiu uu tien dac biet phai su dung thietbi INVERTER 48VDC/220VAC dung chung ngudn 48V

'

DC tfichuyin ddi dien ap ngudn, dac biet la cac thiet biquan trong lien quz)nde'n dinh tuye'n, an toln mang de bao dam thai gian hoat ddng qui diiih

set tram viin thdng. Cac td tiep dat nay phai co tri so dam bao yeu clu TCN68- 141: 1999 va duoc noi dang the' vdi nhau tao thanh mot he thong duynhlt.

II-Nguyen tac to chitc he thong nguon dien vien thongII.1Nguyen tdc chung

1. He thong Nguon dien-Viln thdng (ND - VT) phai duoc to elide phuhop vdi quy md, tlm quan trong cua tram viin thdng, dam bao caccau ve ky thult va kinh te.

2. He thd'ng ND - VT phai duoc thuc hien tren nguyen tic thufrng true /Iduphong (Dien ludi/May phat dien; May nan/Ac quy) dam bao cung cjlpdien lientuc an toan cho tram viin thdng hoat ddng 24/24 h.

3. Tat ca cac thiet bi vien thong tren mang su-dung ngudn dien chuln )a:- 48VDC, -24VDC ;220/380VAC tin sd' 50Hz.

' ,4. Ta't ca clc thiet bi cdng nghe thdng tin nhu cac server, router, LA[N

SWITCH dat tai cac trung tarn ky thuat, dai, tram viin thdng co nhuclu su dung ngudn dien xoay chiiu uu tien dac biet phai su dung thietbi INVERTER 48VDC/220VAC dung chung ngudn 48V

'

DC tfichuyin ddi dien ap ngudn, dac biet la cac thiet biquan trong lien quz)nde'n dinh tuye'n, an toln mang de bao dam thai gian hoat ddng qui diiihkhi mat dien ludi va di xu If khibi su cd; nhung trudng hop: khdng cdngudn 48VDC, co nhung dung luqng khdng dip ung duqc hoac khoangeach ttr noi lip dat cac thiet bi cdng nghe thong tin nay de'n he thd'ng48VDC khdng dam bao cac tieu chuln ky thuat thi co the dung UPS 4

ONLINE du phong theo che' dd n+1, dam bao co thi ca'p dien an toan,lien tuc cho cac phu tai theo thdi gian qui dinh.

5. He thd'ng ND - VT phai duqc thiet ke' va dlu tu dam bao nang luc dapung du bio phu tai trong 2 nam cua tram viin thdng va cd kha nangmd rdng linh hoat theo tCrng giai doan phat triin cua phu tai trong 10nam tiep theo. Han che' td'i da viec thay the' cac thie't bi da dlu tu vdi cahai he thd'ng ngudn mdt chieu va xoay chiiu.

6. Trudng hop dac biet: O nhung noi xa xdi, heo lanh khdng cd ngudpdien ludi; he thdng ND-VT phai to chtic ke't hop cac dang ngudn dierikhac nhu pin mat trdi, may phlt dien chay blng sdc gio vdi may niphlt dien va ac quy di dam bao an toan thdng tin cho tram viin thdngj(se co quy dinh rieng vi cac he thd'ng ngudn dien loai nay).

7. So dd ting quan He thd'ng Ngudn dien-Viin thdng:

Nguyin lie irf chiic hi thft'ng nguon diin irum viin thrtng 2/20

-48V DC

ngu6n di£nQUOC GIA

CD-6,6. 10. 22/0,4KV AC

TUPHAN PHOI

DIEN

CHUYENDOIDIEN

220V AC

HE THONGDIEU HOA

220/380V AC

220/380V AC

MAY PDDY DONG

UPS

HE THONG MAYNAN DIEN

AC QUY

MAYPHAT Dl£N

THIET BICAT SET

INVERTER

HE THONG

phutAidAc BIET

MAY VI TINH

THIET BI VIEN THONG(CHUYEN MACH,TRUYliN DAN)

THIET BICAT

LOC SET

-48V DC

ngu6n di£nQUOC GIA

<X>-6,6. 10. 22/0,4KV AC

TUPHAN PHOI

DIEN

CHUYENDOI DIEN

220V AC

220/380V AC

220/380V AC

AC QUY

MAY PDDY DONG

UPS

HE THONG MAYNAN DIEN

AC QUY

MAYPHAT DlfiN

THIET BICAT SET

INVERTER

HE THONGCHIEU SANG

PHUTAIDAC BIET

HE THONGDIEU HOA

MAY VI TINH

THIET BI VIEN THONG(CHUYEN MACH,TRUyIn DAN)

THIET BIcAt

LOC SET

SO d6 TONG QUAN HfiTHONG NGUON DIEN VlfilN THONG

Nguyen tic t6 chiic he (hong ngu6n di€n tram viln thing 3/20

II.2 Than loai he thong nguon dien vien thongHTNDVT dirge phdn theo quy mo va tlm quan. trong cua loai tram/ trung

tarn viin thong ma no phuc vu. Theo nguyen tic nay, HTNDVT dirge phanlam 4 loai : Dae biet, loai 1, loai 2 va loai 3.H.2.1HTNDVT dac biet: LInhung he thong nguon dien bao dam thdng tinlien lac cho cac trung tarn ky thuat viin thong dac biet quan trong cu thi nhu f

sau:1. Trung tarn ky thuat viin thdng qud'c te';2. Trung tarn ky thuat viin thdng lien tinh cap miin; I3. Trung tarn ky thuat viin thong di dong ca'p miin: noi co cac tong dai

GMSC hoat ddng; j4. Trung tarn ky thuat viin. thdng ndi hat cua cac mang ndi hat co cac

tong dai tandem noi hat tdch rieng va dat trong khu vuc cua trung tarn; |5. Trung tarn truyin s6 lieu, Interenet ca'p mien: noi co cac nut mang j

qud'c te va ca'p miin; j

II.2.2 HTNDVT loai 1:La nhung he thong ngudn dien bao dam thbng tin |lien lac cho cac Dai, tram viin thong quan trpng ca'p 1,cu the nhu sau:

1. Trung tarn truyin din lien tinh vung ;2. Trung tarn truyin dan va chuyen mach noi tinh : Noi dat cac tong dai

Host va nut truyin dan true nbi tinh cac n6ihat chua j

II.2 Than loai he thong nguon dien vien thongHTNDVT dirge phdn theo quy mo va tlm quan. trong cua loai tram/ trung

tarn viin thong ma no phuc vu. Theo nguyen tic nay, HTNDVT dirge phanlam 4 loai : Dae biet, loai 1, loai 2 va loai 3.H.2.1HTNDVT dac biet: LInhung he thong nguon dien bao dam thdng tinlien lac cho cac trung tarn ky thuat viin thong dac biet quan trong cu thi nhu f

sau:1. Trung tarn ky thuat viin thdng qud'c te';2. Trung tarn ky thuat viin thdng lien tinh cap miin; I3. Trung tarn ky thuat viin thong di dong ca'p miin: noi co cac tong dai

GMSC hoat ddng; j4. Trung tarn ky thuat viin. thdng ndi hat cua cac mang ndi hat co cac

tong dai tandem noi hat tdch rieng va dat trong khu vuc cua trung tarn; |5. Trung tarn truyin s6 lieu, Interenet ca'p mien: noi co cac nut mang j

qud'c te va ca'p miin; j

II.2.2 HTNDVT loai 1:La nhung he thong ngudn dien bao dam thbng tin |lien lac cho cac Dai, tram viin thong quan trpng ca'p 1,cu the nhu sau:

1. Trung tarn truyin din lien tinh vung ;2. Trung tarn truyin dan va chuyen mach noi tinh : Noi dat cac tong dai

Host va cac nut truyin dan true nbi tinh cua cac mang n6ihat chua co jtong dai tandem n6i hat tach ra hoat dbng d6c lap.

3. Tram viin th6ng : noi co cac tong dai Host, MSC, BSC, nut truyin s6 \libu, POP Internet khu vuc cua tinh, thanh pho;

j

II.2.3 HTNDVT loai 2: La nhung he thO'ng ngudn dien bao dam thOng tin |lien lac cho cac tram viin thong ca'p 2 nhu :cac ting dai v6 tinh, DSLAM codung lugng> 256 thue bao , BTS co dung lugng > 3TRX, nut truyin din,truyin s<5 li6u noi tinh hoac tuong duong.

1.2.4HTNDVT loai3: La nhung hd thdng ngudn dien bao dam thdng tin lien |lac cho ede tram viin thdng nho, don gian nhu :cac nut truy nhap, DSLAM jco dung lugng< 256 thue bao, BTS co dung lugng < 3 TRX, VSAT hoac |tuong duong.

Trong trudng hgp co nhiiu thiet bi viin thong dat trong tram thi loaiHTNDVT dugc xac dinh bdi loai thie't bi viin thong trong tram co qui md va |tlm quan trpng cao nha't nhu da ndu trong cac muc tr6n. Nhung trudng hgp |khac khdng thuoc cac loai niutrdn, hodc cac don vi mud'n chuyin loai cho hethd'ng nguon dien do dac thu thi phai co giai trinh va dugc Tdng cong ty (Banviin thdng) thlm dinh va cdng nhan. j

Cdc so lieu vi dung lugng tram viin thdng neu trdn la so' lieu du bao Idung lugng phat triin cua tram viin thdng trong 3 nam khi cln xac dinh loaihe thdng ngudn dien.

Nguy4n (Jo III chuc hi thrfng ngu6n diin tram viin thing 4/20

77-3 He thong cung cap dien xoay chieuHe thdng cung cap dien xoay chieu trong TVT dupe thiet ke bao dam cac

nguyen tac sau:1. Cdng sudt cua he thong ngudn dien xoay chidu phai dam bao cung cap

dien cho cac phu tai trong thdi gian du bao nhu sau: 10 nam doi vdiHTNDVT loai dac biet va loai 1, 7 nam ddi vdi loai 2 va loai 3. Hethdng co cdu true dl dang ma rong tang cdng suat ma khdng phai thaythe he thdng dang hoat ddng. He thdng ngudn xoay chidu dac biet co |qui dinh rieng tai Muc II.3.4

2. Co the tiep nhan nguon dien tCr nhidu hucrng khac nhau (Ngu6n dienludi 1,Nguon dien ludi 2, may phat dien...)

3. He thong phan phdi dien phai dupe thiet ke linh hoat de co the thuchi6n cap dien, cat dien cac phu tai theo cac mire uu tien, khong uu tienva dac biet la mdrong di dang khi cdn tang phu tai.

4. Phan phoi di6n ha the phai vira co tlnh doc lap lai vira co the lien ket.He thdng co the duqc phan doan, phan nhanh hay tao mach vong.

5. Phai co cac phuong an du phong dam bao cho viec ung cuu khi co suc6.

6. He thdng phm duqc trang bi cac thiet bi phong chdng set lan truyentheo dudng dien ludi.

77-3 He thong cung cap dien xoay chieuHe thdng cung cap dien xoay chieu trong TVT dupe thiet ke bao dam cac

nguyen tac sau:1. Cdng sudt cua he thong ngudn dien xoay chidu phai dam bao cung cap

dien cho cac phu tai trong thdi gian du bao nhu sau: 10 nam doi vdiHTNDVT loai dac biet va loai 1, 7 nam ddi vdi loai 2 va loai 3. Hethdng co cdu true dl dang ma rong tang cdng suat ma khdng phai thaythe he thdng dang hoat ddng. He thdng ngudn xoay chidu dac biet co |qui dinh rieng tai Muc II.3.4

2. Co the tiep nhan nguon dien tCr nhidu hucrng khac nhau (Ngu6n dienludi 1,Nguon dien ludi 2, may phat dien...)

3. He thong phan phdi dien phai dupe thiet ke linh hoat de co the thuchi6n cap dien, cat dien cac phu tai theo cac mire uu tien, khong uu tienva dac biet la mdrong di dang khi cdn tang phu tai.

4. Phan phoi di6n ha the phai vira co tlnh doc lap lai vira co the lien ket.He thdng co the duqc phan doan, phan nhanh hay tao mach vong.

5. Phai co cac phuong an du phong dam bao cho viec ung cuu khi co suc6.

6. He thdng phm duqc trang bi cac thiet bi phong chdng set lan truyentheo dudng dien ludi.

7. Ngudn dien cung cap cho cac thiet bi viln th6ng tai dSu vao trong moitrudng hqp phai la TNf-S ( Ngudn di6n xoay chieu co day trung tlnh vaday bao ve ri6ng bi6t).

8. Mdi thiet bi dien dung trong tram vidn thong phai duqc trang bi motthiet bi bao v6 qua tai hoac ngdn mach rieng, phu hqp, dam bao an toancho thiet bi van hanh.

9. He thdng cap din duqc ludn trong ong, mang nhua hay kim loai hoacciu cap rifeng, khdng di chung voi cac dudng day thdng tin. Truang hqpbat buoc phai di chung vdi dudng day thdng tin thi phai sir dung cap covo boc bang kimloai va khi do vo cap phai duqc ndi da't.

10. He thdng phai duqc phan cap bao ve phu hqp vdi mbc dd bao ve dambao cac chi ti6u ky thuat an toan didn va an toan phong chdng chay n6.

77-3.7 Phan nguon cao the xoay chieu1. Phin cao the

Ngudn cao the xoay chieu cua HTNDVT loai dac biet phai duqc ndi tirvong ring cao the cua dien luc so tai hoac co It nhat 02 dudng cao the cdp ddn jcho trung tarn ky thuat viln thdng.

Tai tram cao the phai trang bi budng cao the trong do co chua cac hethdng tu cao the gdm: May cat cao the, cac tu cau dao cao the, tu do ludng, tu

bu cost cp ... Thuc hien cac nhiem vu tiep nhan ngudn dien cao the tir cachubng cap den, thuc hien cac chtic nang do ludng, didu khien, bao ve va phanphoi cho cac may bien the.

Nguyen tic to chtrc hS thfl'ng ngurtn dien tram viln thong 5/20

HTNDVT loai 1, loai2. Khdng bat budc thuc hien cac ndi dung ndi tirvong ring cao the cua dien luc sa tai, khdng cttn trang bi 02 duong cao the.

2. May bie'n theTai m6i tram bien the co the trang bi tir 1 de'n 3 may bie'n the gid'ng h6t nhau

co cung cdng suat, muc dien ap, kieu da'u day...co the van hanh song song vdinhau, cbng suat cua may dirge chon theo hudng dan tai phu luc A.

HTNDVT loai dac biet phai trang bi it nhat 02 may bie'n the dd co the h6trg cho nhau khi cdn thie't.

HTNDVT loai 1. Trang bi 01 may bien the.HTNDVT loai 2, chi trang bi 01 may bie'n the khi ngudn didn dugc cung

cap boi dien luc dia phuong khdng dam bao cac chi tieu ky thuat, cdng suatcua tram khdng qua 50 KVA.

HTNDVT loai 3 khong trang bimay bien-thb".

I1.3.2 Phan nguon ha the xoay chieu1. BudnghatheBudng ha the la nai ti6p nh|n cac ngudn dien ha the 220/380V-50Hz, dd

td chute phan phdi va cung cap cho cac phu tai cua TVT/TTVT.Budng ha the phai dugc b<5 tri gdn tram bien the hoac tren dudng di tir

ha the cua may bidn the den cac phu tai sao cho ducmg cap cap di6n tir mdybien thd' ddn phu tai D nhat.

HTNDVT loai 1, loai2. Khdng bat budc thuc hien cac ndi dung ndi tirvong ring cao the cua dien luc sa tai, khdng cttn trang bi 02 duong cao the.

2. May bie'n theTai m6i tram bien the co the trang bi tir 1 de'n 3 may bie'n the gid'ng h6t nhau

co cung cdng suat, muc dien ap, kieu da'u day...co the van hanh song song vdinhau, cbng suat cua may dirge chon theo hudng dan tai phu luc A.

HTNDVT loai dac biet phai trang bi it nhat 02 may bie'n the dd co the h6trg cho nhau khi cdn thie't.

HTNDVT loai 1. Trang bi 01 may bien the.HTNDVT loai 2, chi trang bi 01 may bie'n the khi ngudn didn dugc cung

cap boi dien luc dia phuong khdng dam bao cac chi tieu ky thuat, cdng suatcua tram khdng qua 50 KVA.

HTNDVT loai 3 khong trang bimay bien-thb".

I1.3.2 Phan nguon ha the xoay chieu1. BudnghatheBudng ha the la nai ti6p nh|n cac ngudn dien ha the 220/380V-50Hz, dd

td chute phan phdi va cung cap cho cac phu tai cua TVT/TTVT.Budng ha the phai dugc b<5 tri gdn tram bien the hoac tren dudng di tir

ha the cua may bidn the den cac phu tai sao cho ducmg cap cap di6n tir mdybien thd' ddn phu tai Dngan nhat. -

Tai budng ha the: thuc hien phan phdi ngudn uu tien, khdng uu tien;Cac phu tai uu tien dac bi6t dugc cap dien thing tir day ma khdng phai quamdt didm trung gian nao khac. Cdc phu tai co cung mute uu tidn thi dugc nditai cimg mdt tu.

Thuc hien cac phuong an thudng truc/du phdng; Co the cap dien, catdidn bat cir phu tai nao.

2. Phan phd'i dienThuc hidn phan phdi didn true tiep vdi cac phu tai uu tidn bao gdm:

Phong ngudn, cac phong dat thiet bi viln thdng, chieu sdng cac phdng diduhanh, do thir, true ban, giao dich...

Thuc hidn phan phdi dien hai cap vdi ede phu tai co mile uu tien tha'phon. Tai mdi toa nhi trong khu ky thuat vidn thdng thuc hien tach ngudn capcho chieu sang, bao chay, ede thie't bivan phdng rieng; thiet bi dieu hoa, bomnude va cac thie't bi phu trg khdc rieng.

Cac thiet bi khdng can cap dien uu tien co thd dugc ndi true tie'p turphan phdi ha the ngay sau may bie'n the'.

3. Thie't bi chuyln d6i dienThiet bi chuyen ddi didn lam nhiem vu chuyen ddi ngudn dien, vide ca'p

dien cho phu tai dugc thuc hien boi nguon nay hay ngudn khac nhd thiet binay.

Thie't bi chuyen ddi dien phai co ede tinh nang: Giam sat dien ap, giam sat

dong dien, giam sat thir tu pha. Thie't bi chi thuc hien chuyen ddi khi ngudndien su dung thoa man cac chi tieu ky thuat. .

Nguy4n lie chiic hi tho'ng ngurtn didn tram viin thftng 6/20

Nguyen tic thuc hien chuyen doi tur ngudn A sang nguon B phai there hiencdt nguon A trudc, dong nguon B sau va ngupc lai. Thiet bi chuydn ddi phaibao dam an toan tuyet doi cho cac he thong nguon dipn trong khi thao tac !chuyen doi.

Thiet bi chuyen doi dien co the dupe dat tai bubng ha the hoac budng maynd tuy theo vi trf giua cac budng ha the, may nd, cac may bien the.

II-3.3 Phan nguon xoay chieu duphdng

1. Nguon du phong la may phat dien:May phat dipn trang bi cho TVT phai co cung dien ap, tin so vdi ludi dien |

cap cho TVT. CPng su&'t cua may dupe chon theo hudng din tai phu luc B.May phat dien co cdng suit ter 20 KVA trd len phai dung may 3 pha

220/380V, tan so 50 Hz, toe do vong quay 1500v/phut. Phin dong co no phaila ddng co diezel.

May phat dien co cPng suat ter 2,2 kVA trd len phai co bo dn dinh dibn !ap tu dong AVR (automatic voltage regulator) de dam bao cha't lupng diencho cac thiet bihoat dpng binh thuemg.

Ddi vdi HTNDVT loai dac biet. Trang bi may phat dien theo che do jN+l,may phat dien du phong co du cdng suat dd thay thd cho mpt may khackhi cdn thiet.

Nguyen tic thuc hien chuyen doi tur ngudn A sang nguon B phai there hiencdt nguon A trudc, dong nguon B sau va ngupc lai. Thiet bi chuydn ddi phaibao dam an toan tuyet doi cho cac he thong nguon dipn trong khi thao tac !chuyen doi.

Thiet bi chuyen doi dien co the dupe dat tai bubng ha the hoac budng maynd tuy theo vi trf giua cac budng ha the, may nd, cac may bien the.

II-3.3 Phan nguon xoay chieu duphdng

1. Nguon du phong la may phat dien:May phat dipn trang bi cho TVT phai co cung dien ap, tin so vdi ludi dien |

cap cho TVT. CPng su&'t cua may dupe chon theo hudng din tai phu luc B.May phat dien co cdng suit ter 20 KVA trd len phai dung may 3 pha

220/380V, tan so 50 Hz, toe do vong quay 1500v/phut. Phin dong co no phaila ddng co diezel.

May phat dien co cPng suat ter 2,2 kVA trd len phai co bo dn dinh dibn !ap tu dong AVR (automatic voltage regulator) de dam bao cha't lupng diencho cac thiet bihoat dpng binh thuemg.

Ddi vdi HTNDVT loai dac biet. Trang bi may phat dien theo che do jN+l,may phat dien du phong co du cdng suat dd thay thd cho mpt may khackhi cdn thiet.

HTNDVT loai 1, loai 2, loai 3. Trang bi 01 may phat dipn du phong.Trong trudng hop khong co didu kien lap dat may phat dien do kho khan vl |mat bang phai to chuc ung ceru kip thcri bang may phat dien leru dpng khi |ngudn dien ludi bi gian doan hoac trang bi cac td ac quy leru dpng de dambao an toan thdng tin cho Dai, Tram vidn thong.

A. Phong may:May phat dipn phai duoc bo trf mpt phong ri€ng co du dipn tfch, dung j

tich Ccin thiet theo yeu cdu cua tumg td may, co kha nang md rpng ldp dat |them may khi phu tai tang hon mtfc du bao va dam bao cho vipc v|n hanhbao duong, sera chua.

Phong dat may bo trf gdn tram bien the, hoac cung hudng vdi dudng dipn |ludi di vao tram viln thdng dd viec ddu nd'i ducrc ky thuat va kinh te.

Phai duoc bo' trf chid'u sang, thdng gio, thoat nhiet to't dam bao may vpnhanh du 100% cdng sua't.

Phai duoc trang bi cac he thdng an toan phdng chong chay no theo quy jdinh.

Dd'i vdi cac khu verc co nguy co bi ngap lut do thien tai, do cao cua bp datmay n6 phai cao hon mdc nude ngap da duoc ghi nhan trong vong 10 nam itrudc tai vi trf dat may. Trong trudng hop khdng bd' trf duoc phai co bipnphap |cho'ng ngpp lut nhuxay tudng bao, dung bom nude .v.v.

B. Lap dat:

May phai dupe lap dat tren bp, d trung tarn cua phdng may; Hudng cuamay phai dupe ket hop vdi cac dieu kien khac nhu: Tu phan pho'i dipn, tu |

Nguyen trie td chiic hfi thdng ngudn dien tram viln thdng 7/20

chuyen doi dien (ATS - Automatic Transfer Systems) dam bao an toan, thudntien van hanh bao duong.

Ve nguyen tac thdng gio, thoat nhiet yeu cdu luong khdng khi'lam matphai di vao tCr dau may -* ph£n phat dien-* ddng co nd -» ket nude lam matdi ra ngoai (-ÿAlternator -* Engine -» radiator -*), dam bao khdng tao thanhvong tuSn hoan cua khong khi nong.

He thong ong xa khi thai yeu cdu dudng kinh t<5i thieu phai bang duongkinh cua nha san xuat thie't bi, trufrng hop dudng ong dai hon quy dinh phaitang them ducmg kinh de khong anh hudng tdi cdng sua't cua may.

May phai duqc lap dat dung thiet k6' ky thuat phu hop vdi huomg dan cua inha san xua't. Dam bao cac didu ki6n vd mdi trucmg (Do rung, tidng 6n, nhietdd, n6ng dd C02), khdng gay 6 nhilmqua mtic cho phep dd'i vdi xung quanh.

May phai duqc chay thir, kidm tra hieu chinh ve co, di6n dam bao cacthdng s6ky thuat trubc khidua vao su dung.

C. Nguyen tac to chtic may phat dien du phong luu ddng:Ngoai nhung may phat di6n da duqc lap dat tai cac TVT c3n trang bimdt

s6 may duphong luu ddng so luqng mdy tuy thudc s6 luqng tram vi6n th6ngdon vi quan \f.

HTNDVT loai dac bi6t, loail. Ty 16 trang bi la 1/10 nghla la n6ii don vi

chuyen doi dien (ATS - Automatic Transfer Systems) dam bao an toan, thudntien van hanh bao duong.

Ve nguyen tac thdng gio, thoat nhiet yeu cdu luong khdng khi'lam matphai di vao tCr dau may -* ph£n phat dien-* ddng co nd -» ket nude lam matdi ra ngoai (-ÿAlternator -* Engine -» radiator -*), dam bao khdng tao thanhvong tuSn hoan cua khong khi nong.

He thong ong xa khi thai yeu cdu dudng kinh t<5i thieu phai bang duongkinh cua nha san xuat thie't bi, trufrng hop dudng ong dai hon quy dinh phaitang them ducmg kinh de khong anh hudng tdi cdng sua't cua may.

May phai duqc lap dat dung thiet k6' ky thuat phu hop vdi huomg dan cua inha san xua't. Dam bao cac didu ki6n vd mdi trucmg (Do rung, tidng 6n, nhietdd, n6ng dd C02), khdng gay 6 nhilmqua mtic cho phep dd'i vdi xung quanh.

May phai duqc chay thir, kidm tra hieu chinh ve co, di6n dam bao cacthdng s6ky thuat trubc khidua vao su dung.

C. Nguyen tac to chtic may phat dien du phong luu ddng:Ngoai nhung may phat di6n da duqc lap dat tai cac TVT c3n trang bimdt

s6 may duphong luu ddng so luqng mdy tuy thudc s6 luqng tram vi6n th6ngdon vi quan \f.

HTNDVT loai dac bi6t, loail. Ty 16 trang bi la 1/10 nghla la n6ii don vico so TVT tir 01 den 10 tram thi duqc trang bi mot may phdt di6n du phongluu dong. |

HTNDVT loai2. Ty 16 trang bi la 1/20.Loai 3, ty 16 1/25. |Cdng sua't cua may du phong luu dOng duqc tinh bang 120 % cdng sua't

phu tai uu ti6n thie't y6'u (cdng sua't uu ti6n han ch6' d6'n muc co the) cua loaiHTNDVT. Tham khao phu luc C

May luu dOng duqc dat tai TVT b trung tarn cua dia ban thudc don viquan ly hoac nhdng vi tri thuan lqinha't cho vi6c uug ctiu, xir If su c6.2. Ngu6n xoay chieu du phong la mdt ngu6n thir hai (Ngu6n qudc gia hay

ngudn dia phuong) thi thuc hi6n theo phuong inthudng truc/dubi 1, dubi 2. iKhi do ngudn may phat di6n duphong dong vai tro ngudn dubi2.

11-3.4Phan nguon xoay chieu dac biet: UPS va InverterHe thd'ng ngudn xoay chidu dac biet sir dung UPS hoac INVERTER

duqc dung dd cap ngudn xoay chieu li6n tuc cho cac thiet bi vi6n thdng, cdngngh6 thdng tin khdng bi gian doan'khi mat di6n ludi ddt ngdt. H6 thdng I

ngudn xoay chieu nay duqc thi6't kd theo nhirng nguyen tac sau:1. Trong ciing mdt h6 thdng cac UPS hoac INVERTERS phai duqc van

hanh song song va ddng bd vdi nhau. .

2. Sd luqng UPS hoac INVERTER van hanh thudng true theo che ddn+1.

3. He thdng nay phai duqc trang-bi cac thie't bi phan phd'i, bao ve, giamsat va dua ra cac canh bao c&n thiet.

Nguy4n tie td ohi/c h4 thdng ngudn tlidn tram vidn thOng 8/20

4. UPS back-up co thdi gian luru dien ngdn chi dung cho cac he thongnho, cap ngudn cho cac thiet bi co yeu cÿu tha'p nhir cac server irngdung, cac may tinh ...khong quan trong.

5. Cac UPS hoac INVERTER co cong suat tit 2000 VA tro len phai capnguon cho phu tai thong qua mot tu phdn phoi dien. M6i thiet bi phutai nhan nguon tit mot automat rieng co dong dien bao ve phu hop. Ta'tca cac automat ddu dupe giam sat chat tre trang thai dong, cat va duacanh bao kip thdi.

II-3.4.1. Nguyen tac xac dinh dung lucmg cho UPSDe co the xac dinh diroc cdng suat cua UPS can trang bi, thu'c hidn theo

cac budc sau:1- Dir bao phu tai theo giai doan tuang ung v6i mtic 6.6 quan trong cua

loai ngudn didn tram vi6n thbng: Loai dac biet: 7 nam, Loai 1: 5 nam,loai 2 va 3 : 3 nam .

2- Xac dinh t6ng cong suÿt tat ca cac phu tai CcLn dirac bao ve Ps =PÿPj+.-.tai nam du bao qui dinh cho loai ngudn dien tram viin thong.

3- Xac dinh thbi gian UPS can phai cap di6n cho cac phu tai tren khikhdng co di6n lurdi ( Back up times).

4- Tinh trang, chad lirpng dien ludi tai noi sir dung ( S<5 ldn ma't dien, thcrigian ma't di6n, kha cap dien lai phat dien du phong, thcri

4. UPS back-up co thdi gian luru dien ngdn chi dung cho cac he thongnho, cap ngudn cho cac thiet bi co yeu cÿu tha'p nhir cac server irngdung, cac may tinh ...khong quan trong.

5. Cac UPS hoac INVERTER co cong suat tit 2000 VA tro len phai capnguon cho phu tai thong qua mot tu phdn phoi dien. M6i thiet bi phutai nhan nguon tit mot automat rieng co dong dien bao ve phu hop. Ta'tca cac automat ddu dupe giam sat chat tre trang thai dong, cat va duacanh bao kip thdi.

II-3.4.1. Nguyen tac xac dinh dung lucmg cho UPSDe co the xac dinh diroc cdng suat cua UPS can trang bi, thu'c hidn theo

cac budc sau:1- Dir bao phu tai theo giai doan tuang ung v6i mtic 6.6 quan trong cua

loai ngudn didn tram vi6n thbng: Loai dac biet: 7 nam, Loai 1: 5 nam,loai 2 va 3 : 3 nam .

2- Xac dinh t6ng cong suÿt tat ca cac phu tai CcLn dirac bao ve Ps =PÿPj+.-.tai nam du bao qui dinh cho loai ngudn dien tram viin thong.

3- Xac dinh thbi gian UPS can phai cap di6n cho cac phu tai tren khikhdng co di6n lurdi ( Back up times).

4- Tinh trang, chad lirpng dien ludi tai noi sir dung ( S<5 ldn ma't dien, thcrigian ma't di6n, kha nang cap dien lai cua may phat dien du phong, thcrigian can thiet de nap day ac quy cua UPS...).

5- Xac dinh cdng su£t he thdng UPS: Thucmg chon P = 1,5 Ps6- Xac dinh ch£ do du phong 1+0 hay 1+1 6i tinh toan so lugng UPS

can trang bi tuy thuoc yeu cau, nhiemvu ma UPS sir dung.

II-3.4.2 Nguyen tac xac dinh dung litomg cho he thong Inverter1. Du bao phu tai theo giai doan tuang ung v6i muc d6 quan trong cua

loai ngudn dien tram vi6n thdng: Loai dac biet va loai 1: 3 nam, loai 2va 3: khbng cdn trang bi vi thdng thubng khdng co cac thiet bi vilnthdng quan trong dung ngudn 220VAC dat tai cac tram nay.

2. Xac dinh tdng cbng su£t ta't ca cac phu tai cdn duac cap dien uu tiendac bidt (Ps)

3. Xac dinh sd luang Inverters theo cdng thirc sau:

PnTrong do: Pn la cdng sua't danh dinh cua mdt InverterDong dien ca'p cho he thong Inverter duqc tinh nhu sau:

i=24U(a)U. T|

Trong do: - Ila dong tidu thu cua Hd thd'ng Inverter (A)

- Ps la cdng sua't yeu c&u cap cho phu tai (KVA)

Nguyen Ifte to ehiic he th6'ng ngu6n diÿn tram vidn thdng 9/20

i

- U la dien ap mot chieu danh dinh cua he thong (V)- X la hieu sua't cua Inverter- r\ la He so cdng sua't cua phu tai (thudng chon 0,8)

II-4He thong cung cap dien mot chieuII.4.1Nguyen tac coban

Cac thie't bi viln thdng phan lcfn dlu su dung ngudn didn mdt chieu, dedam bao cap nguon lien tuc, on dinh va tin cay. He thdng cung cap dien mdtchieu duac to chuc theo nhirng nguyen tac ca ban sau:

1. He thdng ngudn dien mdt chilu duac kd't noi bdi: May nan dien, acquy, tu phan phd'i mdt chilu, cdc thiet bi gidm sat, dilu khiln va baove; thurc hien nhiem vu cung cap ngudn dien mdt chieu cho cac thie't biviin thdng.

2. May nan dien, ac quy, phu tai phai durqc noi song song. Binh thurcmgmay nan dien nhan nang luqng tu: ngudn xoay chidu nan thanh ddngmdt chidu cung cap ngudn cho phu tai va mdt phdn nap cho ac quy.Khi ngudn xoay chidu bi gian doan ac quy phong dien cung cap chophu tai dam bao lien tuc trong moi didu kien.

3. Circ duefng cua he thdng phai dupe ndi true tie'p toi tarn tiep da't chinhbang mot sai cap ddng co tiet dien phh hop vdi TCN 68-141.:- 1999(tiep

- U la dien ap mot chieu danh dinh cua he thong (V)- X la hieu sua't cua Inverter- r\ la He so cdng sua't cua phu tai (thudng chon 0,8)

II-4He thong cung cap dien mot chieuII.4.1Nguyen tac coban

Cac thie't bi viln thdng phan lcfn dlu su dung ngudn didn mdt chieu, dedam bao cap nguon lien tuc, on dinh va tin cay. He thdng cung cap dien mdtchieu duac to chuc theo nhirng nguyen tac ca ban sau:

1. He thdng ngudn dien mdt chilu duac kd't noi bdi: May nan dien, acquy, tu phan phd'i mdt chilu, cdc thiet bi gidm sat, dilu khiln va baove; thurc hien nhiem vu cung cap ngudn dien mdt chieu cho cac thie't biviin thdng.

2. May nan dien, ac quy, phu tai phai durqc noi song song. Binh thurcmgmay nan dien nhan nang luqng tu: ngudn xoay chidu nan thanh ddngmdt chidu cung cap ngudn cho phu tai va mdt phdn nap cho ac quy.Khi ngudn xoay chidu bi gian doan ac quy phong dien cung cap chophu tai dam bao lien tuc trong moi didu kien.

3. Circ duefng cua he thdng phai dupe ndi true tie'p toi tarn tiep da't chinhbang mot sai cap ddng co tiet dien phh hop vdi TCN 68-141.:- 1999(tiepdat cho cac cdng trinh viln thdng ydu cau ky thuat).

4. He thong may nan dien duac td chdc bdi cdc module nan hoat ddngtheo co che du phong n+1 (du phong ndng). KJhi dong tai mdt chilucua mdt he thdng ldn han 500 Amper phai trang bi he thdng may nandien thu: hai dl phan tai va nang cao do an toan thie't bi (khdng thie't ke'mdt he thdng mdy nan co tdng ddng tai mdt chilu ldn han 500A).

II.4.2 He thdng may nan dien:1. Gdm nhilu module nan dien (RECTIFIER) van hanh song song

ca'p didn cho phu tai.2. Cac module nan van hanh theo co che" duphong (n+1)3. Module nan phai duac thuc hien thao, lap mdt each dl dang;

thuan tien cho vide thay the', md rdng, nang cdng sua't cua thie'tbi.

4. Co didn ap d£u ra 6n dinh sai so cho phep < 1%5. Co kha nang lam vide true tie'p vdi phu tai ( khdng cdn ac quy)6. Khdi ddng mem ( co trl), co chd' dd bh nhiet khi lam viec vdi ac

W7. Hd thd'ng nan dien tu ddng ngirng cung ca'p dien cho phu tai va

chuye'n sang chd' dd cung ca'p didn cho phu tai bang ac qui khidien ap dÿu vao nam ngoai giai lam viec (dien ap qua cao hoacqua tha'p)

8. Co kha nang dilu khiln, giam sat tir xa, van hanh lien tuc ca'pngudn cho phu tai.

Nguyin idc if!otitic hti ihting ngutin ditin tram vi£n thdng 10/20

9. Kiem soat dupe cac gia tri dien ap, dong dien nap cho ac quy vacap cho phu tai, dira ra cac canh bao c£n thiet, kip then.

10.Co he thong giam sat chat che tinh trang hoat dong cua ca hethong va dira ra cac canh bao c£n thiet; dl da'u noi, han che denmdc cao nhat kha nang cham chap.

II.4.3 Nguyen tac xdc dinh dung luoiig cho he thdng may nan dien

Dung lupng cua he thdng may nan dien dupe xac dinh tren cac sd cir sau:1. Du bao dong tai danh dinh IA theo giai doan tuong ung vdi mdc do

quan trong cua loai nguon dien tram vi6n thong: Loai dac biet va loai1: 7 nam, loai 2: 5 nam, loai 3: 3 nam.

2. Xac dinh dong tai lam viec c£n co cua he thdng nan b trang thai vanhanh binh thudng tai nam cudi giai doan du bao. Trong didu kien vanhanh binh thudng dien ap cua he thdng cao hem dien ap danh dinh.Dong tai lam viec b muc dien dp van hanh binh thudng dupe tinh toannhu sau:

Ia.UaIb= -4rÿ- (A)

UB

Trong do:- IBla dong tai lam viec b mile dien van hanh binh thudng.

9. Kiem soat duqc cac gia tri dien ap, dong dien nap cho ac quy vacap cho phu tai, dura ra cac canh bao cdn thiet, kip thai.

10.Co he thong giam sat chat che tinh trang hoat dong cua ca hethong va dura ra cac canh bao cdn thiet; de da'u noi, han che denmure cao nha't kha nang cham chap.

II.4.3 Nguyen tac xdc dinh dung litong cho he thd'ng may nan dien

Dung luqng cua he thong may nan dien duqc xac dinh tren cac sti cti sau:1. Du bao dong tai danh dinh IA theo giai doan tuang ting vai mure do

quan trong cua loai nguon dien tram vidn thong: Loai dac biet va loai1: 7 nam, loai 2: 5 nam, loai 3: 3 nam.

2. Xac dinh dong tai lam viec c£n co cua he thbng nan b trang thai vanhanh binh thuang tai nam cub'i giai doan du bao. Trong dieu kien vanhanh binh thu'bng dien ap cua he thong cao han dien ap danh dinh.Dong tai lam viec b mure dien dp van hanh binh thircmg duqc tinh toannhu sau:

IA-UAB ~

UB

Trong do:- IBla dong tai lam viec b mure dien ap van hanh binh thucrng.- IA la dong tai danh dinh ting vdi mtic dien ap danh dinh cua hethong (48VDC);- UA la dien ap danh dinh cua he thong- UB la dien ap cua he thong trong dieu kien van hanh binhthudng ( khoang 54V)

3. Dong nap lai cho ac quy IL (recharge current). Dong di6n nay duqc xacdinh nhu sau:

V6i cac he thdng mdy ndn co che do gitii han dong dien nap cho ac quythi dong nap duqc tinh bang gia tri gidi han.Vdi cac he thd'ng khong co chtic nang gidi han dong dien nap, dong didnnay co the chon bang 0,1C den 0,4C tuy theo yeu cÿu ve thdi gian nap lai.4. Xac dinh dong tai tong cua he thd'ng 1= IB +IL5. Lua chon module chuÿn : Lua chon module co dong mot chilu danh

dinh bang 1/5 dd'n 1/8 cua dong dien tdng, la nhung module thdngdung tren mang co th£ chuyen doi du phong lSn nhau giua cac tram.

6. Tren ca sb cua cac noi dung tren: 1= IB +ILxac dinh dung luqng cua hethd'ng mdy nin c£n trang bi (co tinh den ca so' du phong n+1); chonloai va he thd'ng may nan phu hop. De he thd'ng hoat dong vdi do bencao, co kha nang du phong, thudng chon dung luqng danh dinh cua hethd'ng cao han dung luqng tinh toan 50%.

II.4.4 Nguyen tdc to chixc he thong ac quy:

Nguyen Ciftc id thuc h6 ihdng nguon dien irum vien ihong 11/20

1. Ac quy la nguon nang luqng du phong quan trong, co nhidm vu capdien on dinh lifin tuc cho cac phu tai khi khdng co nguon dien xoaychidu.

2. Ac quy duqc sir dung trong tram vidn thdng phai la ac quy kho, loaiac quy co dinh co ch&'t lurqng td't, da duqc c&'p chung chi quoc gia,khu vuc hoac quoc te. Tuoi tho cua ac quy trong dieu kibn tieu chuÿnphai dat tir 12 nam trd len vdi HTNDVT dSc biet, HTNHVT loai 1,10 ndm trd len vdi cac loai HTNDVT loai 2, loai 3.

3. Dung luqng ac quy phai du ldn dd co thd cap dien cho phu tai trongthdi gian qui dinh cua loai HTNDVT quy dinh cu the nhu sau:HTNDVT dac biet, HTNDVT loai 1, HTNDVT loai 2 dam bao 8-10gid; HTNDVT loai 3 dam bao 4-6 gib tuy theo chat luqng ngudn didnludi(t£n sua't mat dien, mure dd khdng 6n dinh cua dien ap.v.v) tai khuvuc va cha't luqng may phat didn duphong.

4. Trong TVT ac quy phai duqc chia lam 2 nhanh, nd'i song song vdinhau. Trong mdi nhanh lap toi thidu 1 td ac quy va toi da khdng qua4 t6. Trong moi trudng hop ft nha't phai co 01 nhanh duqc nd'i vko hetho'ng.

5. Thuc hien nd'i song song cac bo ac quy vdi nhau trdn nguyen tac phaico cung didn ap, dung luqng, cha't luqng, chung loai.

6. Trong tram vidn thdng ac quy co the duqc dat chung trdng phong vdi

1. Ac quy la nguon nang luqng du phong quan trong, co nhidm vu capdien on dinh lifin tuc cho cac phu tai khi khdng co nguon dien xoaychidu.

2. Ac quy duqc sir dung trong tram vidn thdng phai la ac quy kho, loaiac quy co dinh co ch&'t lurqng td't, da duqc c&'p chung chi quoc gia,khu vuc hoac quoc te. Tuoi tho cua ac quy trong dieu kibn tieu chuÿnphai dat tir 12 nam trd len vdi HTNDVT dSc biet, HTNHVT loai 1,10 ndm trd len vdi cac loai HTNDVT loai 2, loai 3.

3. Dung luqng ac quy phai du ldn dd co thd cap dien cho phu tai trongthdi gian qui dinh cua loai HTNDVT quy dinh cu the nhu sau:HTNDVT dac biet, HTNDVT loai 1, HTNDVT loai 2 dam bao 8-10gid; HTNDVT loai 3 dam bao 4-6 gib tuy theo chat luqng ngudn didnludi(t£n sua't mat dien, mure dd khdng 6n dinh cua dien ap.v.v) tai khuvuc va cha't luqng may phat didn duphong.

4. Trong TVT ac quy phai duqc chia lam 2 nhanh, nd'i song song vdinhau. Trong mdi nhanh lap toi thidu 1 td ac quy va toi da khdng qua4 t6. Trong moi trudng hop ft nha't phai co 01 nhanh duqc nd'i vko hetho'ng.

5. Thuc hien nd'i song song cac bo ac quy vdi nhau trdn nguyen tac phaico cung didn ap, dung luqng, cha't luqng, chung loai.

6. Trong tram vidn thdng ac quy co the duqc dat chung trdng phong vdicac thiet bi vidn thdng, cung cd the dat tai phdng rieng tuy theo quymd cua tram. Ac quy phai duqc dat ldn gia va phai each dien vdi da't.Nhiet dd mdi trudng xung quanh duqc duy tri tur 5 den 25 dd C.

7. Trudng hqp ac quy dat tai phdng ridng, phong dat ac quy phai duqctrang bi may di£u hok nhidt dd, quat thdng gid, h6 thd'ng chid'u sangva tuan thu cac yeu cau vi an toan phong chd'ng chay no.

8. Ac quy trudc khi dua vao sur dung phai duqc nap no va phdng thirkiem tra dung luqng bang tai gia.

9. Khidung luqng ac quy suy giam con 75% dung luqng dinh mure phaithay bang ac quy mdi.

10.Trong moi trudng hqp phai dam bao sut ap trdn mach cung ca'p ngudnmdt chieu khdng duqc vuqt qua IV.

II.4.5 Nguyen tac xac dinh dung lixffng cho he thong ac quy

1- Xac dinh dong phdng c£n cd cua he thd'ng ac quy tai nam cuo'i cuagiai doan du bao tuong img vdi cac loai HTNDVT:

IA.UA ,E" UE

ÿ

Trong dd - IE la dong phdng cua ac quy

- IA la dong tii danh dinh d didn ap danh dinh cua hd thd'ng- UA la didn ap danh dinh cua he thd'ng- UE la dien ap cuo'i cua he thdng

Nguytn tic t6 churo h4 thtJ'ng ngu6n didn tram vi4n thdng 12/20

T

2- Xac ctinh tong dung luo'ng ac quy cua tramTren ca so eta xac dinh duqc dong phong cua ac quy tien hanh dinh co

dung lupng ac quy cho tram. Dung lupng ac quy dupe chon phai dam baothbi gian cap dien phu hap v6i loai HTNDVT(muc II.4.4.3).

3- Xac dinh so lupng, chung loai ac quy su dungDe dam bao an toan cap dien cho tram viin thdng va thudn tien cho viec

bao duong. Trong TVT ac quy phai dupe chia lam 02 nhanh co dung lupnggiong nhau, nhu vay dung lupng ac quy tai m5i nhanh se bang mot nua tongdung lupng cua tram. Tren co set trien khai lap dat thiet bi, dung lupng cuatram theo tirng giai doan (Phase 1, Phase2...) chon dung lupng, chung loai, sotd ac quy se trang bi tren nguyen tac It nha't 01 to vd nhieu nha't khong qua 04

III. Nguyen tac to chuc he thong tiep datThuc hien nd'i dat cPng tac, noi deft bao vd va noi dat chong set theo

quy pham TCN 68-141:1999.

to.

XrSUpMG GIAMDOC

DOCjif*/ auu CHiMH \*\

2- Xac ctinh tong dung luo'ng ac quy cua tramTren ca so eta xac dinh duqc dong phong cua ac quy tien hanh dinh co

dung lupng ac quy cho tram. Dung lupng ac quy dupe chon phai dam baothbi gian cap dien phu hap v6i loai HTNDVT(muc II.4.4.3).

3- Xac dinh so lupng, chung loai ac quy su dungDe dam bao an toan cap dien cho tram viin thdng va thudn tien cho viec

bao duong. Trong TVT ac quy phai dupe chia lam 02 nhanh co dung lupnggiong nhau, nhu vay dung lupng ac quy tai m5i nhanh se bang mot nua tongdung lupng cua tram. Tren co set trien khai lap dat thiet bi, dung lupng cuatram theo tirng giai doan (Phase 1, Phase2...) chon dung lupng, chung loai, sotd ac quy se trang bi tren nguyen tac It nha't 01 to vd nhieu nha't khong qua 04

III. Nguyen tac to chuc he thong tiep datThuc hien nd'i dat cPng tac, noi deft bao vd va noi dat chong set theo

quy pham TCN 68-141:1999.

to.

XrSUpMG GIAMDOC

DOCjif*/ auu CHiMH \*\[?\ VIEN\7\ VIET NAM/r/ - ,/vVÿ

TRAN MANHHtJNG

Nguyen trie to churc h6 thong ngudn dien tram viin thong 13/20

PHU LUC A

HirdNG DAN LUA CHON CONG SUAt TRAM BIEN AP HA THE'• • • •

He thong cung cap nguon dien licdi la thanh phdn quan trong ciia hethong thiet bi nguon ctien, bao gom dicdng day tdi dien vd tram bien dp (TBA)ha the. TrongTBA ha the, co lap may bien ap (MBA), lam nhiem vu bien doidien dp tic tri so cao (10 kV, 15 kV, 22 kV, 35 kV) xuong tri so thap cho phiihap vdi yen cdu sic dung (220/380 V). Cong suat ciia cac tram bien dp,(MBA) thicdng dicqc tinh ra VA hoac KVA.

Nganh vien thong khong sic dung bien dp tang the trong cac tram bien dp.

Trong he thong thiet bi nguon dien, he thong dien licdi can phai co cdngsuat lan nhat, di thoa man moiyen cdu dung dien ciia tram viin thong. MdiTBA co the co mot hay nhieu MBA nhicng trong mang vien thong hien nay,hau het cac tram biep dp deu chico mot may bien the. Vi vay, cdng suat ciiaTBA chinh la cdng suat ciia MBA, dong th&i ciing chinh la cdng suat ciiadicdng day chuyen tdi dien nang. Phu luc se hudng ddn phuang phap choncdng suat MBA. Tic do, co the tham khao cho viec xac dinh cdng suat chonhitng loai hinh tram nhieu MBA.

PHU LUC A

HirdNG DAN LUA CHON CONG SUAt TRAM BIEN AP HA THE'• • • •

He thong cung cap nguon dien licdi la thanh phdn quan trong ciia hethong thiet bi nguon ctien, bao gom dicdng day tdi dien vd tram bien dp (TBA)ha the. TrongTBA ha the, co lap may bien ap (MBA), lam nhiem vu bien doidien dp tic tri so cao (10 kV, 15 kV, 22 kV, 35 kV) xuong tri so thap cho phiihap vdi yen cdu sic dung (220/380 V). Cong suat ciia cac tram bien dp,(MBA) thicdng dicqc tinh ra VA hoac KVA.

Nganh vien thong khong sic dung bien dp tang the trong cac tram bien dp.

Trong he thong thiet bi nguon dien, he thong dien licdi can phai co cdngsuat lan nhat, di thoa man moiyen cdu dung dien ciia tram viin thong. MdiTBA co the co mot hay nhieu MBA nhicng trong mang vien thong hien nay,hau het cac tram biep dp deu chico mot may bien the. Vi vay, cdng suat ciiaTBA chinh la cdng suat ciia MBA, dong th&i ciing chinh la cdng suat ciiadicdng day chuyen tdi dien nang. Phu luc se hudng ddn phuang phap choncdng suat MBA. Tic do, co the tham khao cho viec xac dinh cdng suat chonhitng loai hinh tram co nhieu MBA. ;

Lieuy :Trong ky thuat dien hcc, cac thuat ngic 'Tram bien dp"vd "trambien the" la hoan toan ticcmg dong.

TRlNH TU" LUA CHON MAY BEENAP

Bu6c I:Xac dinh cdng su£t theo tong cdng sua't tieu thu cua phu tai.

May bid'n ap phai co cdng sua't du cung ca'p cho cac phu tai sauday trong tram viln thdng:

1- Cong suatphu tdi uru tien Szut:

Cdng sua't phu tai uu tien SZlIt la t6ng cdng sua't cua nhung thiet bi canphai van hanh trong moi tinh hud'ng de bao dam khai thac day du cac dich vuvidn thdng bao g6m:

a- Cac loai thiet bi: viln thdng-tin hoc; ngudn difn va phu tro ngudndien, camera bao ve; bao chay/bao khoi n6; in va photocopy cua khd'i vanphong.

b- Cac loai den chid'u sang phong may, phong lam viec, quay giaodich, den bao khdng cdt an ten, cdt cao .v.v.

Nguyin lie irf chic h4 ihO'ng nguiin dien iram viin thdng 14/20

T

Liru y:

- Khi thong ke phu tai cua MBA thi chi tinh nhung phu tai dupe cap diennang true tiep tCr may bie'n ap, khdng tinh nhung thiet bi nhan nang lucmg tirsau 6n ap, may nan, UPS vi ph£n nang luang do da dupe thong ke vao congsua't tieu thu cua cac thiet bi nguon trung gian.

- V6i dac thu khai thac viln thong, co nhung thai diem toan b<5 phu taico trong tram viln thong deu dong thefi su dung dien nen de dan gian, khitinh cOng sua't tram bie'n ap, lay he so d6ng thai cua phu tai bang 1.2- Cong suat cac phu tai khac Szkhdc:

La t6ng cong sua't cua nhirng phu tai dien khac con lai, co nhu cSu sirdung dien (phu tai khong uu tien).

3- Cong suat phu taiphat trien Sphtr:Cong sua't phu tai phat trie'n Sph u. la t6ng cong sua't cua cac phu tai se

xua't hien trong nam du bao cuoi cimg cua chu ky du bao quy dinh ddi v6icac loai HTNDVT.

Liru y: Phu tai phat trien phai bao gom ca phu tai uu tien va phu taikhdng uu tien.

May sir

Liru y:

- Khi thong ke phu tai cua MBA thi chi tinh nhung phu tai dupe cap diennang true tiep tCr may bie'n ap, khdng tinh nhung thiet bi nhan nang lucmg tirsau 6n ap, may nan, UPS vi ph£n nang luang do da dupe thong ke vao congsua't tieu thu cua cac thiet bi nguon trung gian.

- V6i dac thu khai thac viln thong, co nhung thai diem toan b<5 phu taico trong tram viln thong deu dong thefi su dung dien nen de dan gian, khitinh cOng sua't tram bie'n ap, lay he so d6ng thai cua phu tai bang 1.2- Cong suat cac phu tai khac Szkhdc:

La t6ng cong sua't cua nhirng phu tai dien khac con lai, co nhu cSu sirdung dien (phu tai khong uu tien).

3- Cong suat phu taiphat trien Sphtr:Cong sua't phu tai phat trie'n Sph u. la t6ng cong sua't cua cac phu tai se

xua't hien trong nam du bao cuoi cimg cua chu ky du bao quy dinh ddi v6icac loai HTNDVT.

Liru y: Phu tai phat trien phai bao gom ca phu tai uu tien va phu taikhdng uu tien.

May bien ap va cac thiet bi tram ha the co thdi han sir dung lau dai nenm6i the he co the phuc vu trong nhieu nam, cho nhieu the he thiet bi viinth6ng.

Tuy nhien, vai toe do tang truong nhanh cua mang vien thOng, nhu caungu6n dien cung se tang nhanh. Rieng may bien ap ra't nang, cong kbnh, doihoi khPng gian thi cOng, lap dat phai thoang, rong, du cu ly an toan cho caoap... n6n d£ du tru cho phat tridn, ngoai cong sua't cho may bien ap, c£n du trukhbng gian lap dat va hanh lang an toan cho ducrng dien cao the din de'n trambien ap. Ve thcri gian du bao phu tai can du bao cho 10 nam vai loai dac bietva loai 1,7 nam vai loai 2 va loai 3.

Nhuvdy: Cong sua't yeu clu SzTOA tr4m biS'n ap phai cung ca'p la:ÿÿTBA ÿSu.t ÿEkhdc ÿph.tr (KVA).

Budc II-Chon cac thong so ca ban cua tram bien ap:

Theo ti£u chuln Viet Nam, may bie'n ap dien luc dupe che' tao theo daycong sua't dinh muc sau day: 50, 100, 180, 240, 320, 560, 1000, 1800, 3200,5600 KVA.

Dixa vao day tieu chuan, chon may bien dp co cong suat SMBA thoaman 4 dieu kien:

* Thoa man dieu kien ma may cho cac phu tai co dong dien ma may lancua tram nhu: may dieu hoa nhiet do tap trung, thang may, he thong dong cadieu khien an ten ve tinh kfch thudc 16n ... mb may tai moi thcri diem trong

Nguyen tic (o chi/c h£ thong ngudn difin tram viin thOng 15/20

ngay dirge hoan hao ma khdng anh hu'dng den cha't lirgng dien ca'p cho phutai viln thdng.

Theo kinh nghiem, cdn chon:

(0,6-0,7) SMBA > Semba (KVA)

* Co tri so trong day tieu chuÿn ke tren.

* Phuong thurc lam mat: lam nguoi tu nhien bang ddu.

* Dien ap dinh mure:+ Phfa so ca'p phai co cac miic dien ap (10, 15 hoac 22 KV) de

tranh phai thay bien ap moi khi ludi dien thay d6i dien ap.+ Phfa thu ca'p: 220/380 Volt.

Nhung thdng so khac, dirge quy dinh trong cac tieu chudn che' tao.sjc 5|c sjc ÿ

PHULUC:B

HU6NG DAN LVA CHON MAY PHAT WEN

ngay dirge hoan hao ma khdng anh hu'dng den cha't lirgng dien ca'p cho phutai viln thdng.

Theo kinh nghiem, cdn chon:

(0,6-0,7) SMBA > Semba (KVA)

* Co tri so trong day tieu chuÿn ke tren.

* Phuong thurc lam mat: lam nguoi tu nhien bang ddu.

* Dien ap dinh mure:+ Phfa so ca'p phai co cac miic dien ap (10, 15 hoac 22 KV) de

tranh phai thay bien ap moi khi ludi dien thay d6i dien ap.+ Phfa thu ca'p: 220/380 Volt.

Nhung thdng so khac, dirge quy dinh trong cac tieu chudn che' tao.sjc 5|c sjc ÿ

PHULUC:B

HU6NG DAN LVA CHON MAY PHAT WEN• • •

May phat dien (MPD) ngay nay phdn ddng luc chu ye'u dung ddng co ndn6n thirdng goi la may nd. May dugc trang bi de dam bao an toan ca'p diencho ede thie't biviln thdng khi khdng c6 ngudn dien ludi.

MPD dugc lua chon tren co sd ede thong sd va dac diem cua phu tai,ngudn di6n ludi, so dd he thdng ngudn dien tram viln thdng, vai tro cua tramviln thdng tren mang, ydu cdu nhien lieu sir dung... Trong phdn nay chi ddcdp de'n ndi dung xac dinh cdng sua't cua td may theo cdng sud't phu tai.

Theo quy dinh, MPD chi. cdp dien cho cac phu tai viln thdng, gomnhung phu tai uu tien va mdt sd phu tai cdn thie't khde. So vdi he thdng cungca'p dien ludi, MPD se cd cdng sua't nho hon mdt lugng bang cdng sua't cuanhung phu tai khdng dugc xe'p loai uu tien.

TRiNH TU" LUA CHONTO MAY PHATDIEN

Budc I:Xac dinh cdng sua't cua phu tai.

1- Congsuatphu tai uu tien S£ut:

Cdng sua't phu tai uu tien Sÿ la tdng cdng sudt cua nhung thie't bi cdnphai van hanh trong moi tinh huong de bao dam khai thac ddy du cac dich vuviln thdng va bao gdm:

a- Cdc loai thie't bi viln thdng-tin hoc; ngudn dien va phu trg ngudndi|n; may nhn di|n, dn ap, UPS, dilu -hoa nhiet dd dimg cho phong may,

Nguyin tic td chiirc hd thdng ngudn tliin tram viin thong 16/20

phong lam viec, may tfnh phuc vu giam sat, dieu hanh, tfnh cube; camera baove, canh bao chay; in va photocopy cua khd'i van phong.

b- Cac loai den chieu sang cac phong may vidn thong, didu hanh, dothu, true ban-bao ve, cabin dam thoai, giao dich va cac phong quan ly, chucnang, quriy giao dich, bao khong cot anten, cot cao.

Chuy:

- Khi thong ke phu tai chi tfnh nhung phu tai true tiep nhan didn nang turmay phat dien. Nhung thiet bi nhan nang lupng tur on ap, UPS thi tfnh congsua't sir dung thuc td' sau on ap hoac UPS khong tfnh cdng sua't cua dn ap,UPS.

2- Cong suat phu taiphat trien Sph tr:

Cdng sua't phu tai phat trien Sph tr la tong cong suat cac phu tai se xua'thien trong nam cud'i ciing cua chu ky du bao quy dinh cho cac loaiHTNDVT. Cdng sua't phat tridn tuy thudc vao kha nang phat trien cua tram.Loaidac biet, loai 1: 10 nam, loai 2 va loai 3 : 7 nam.

3- Xac dinh bo sung cong suat theo dieu kien mamay cua phu tai.

Phu tai cua td may phat didn gom nhieu chung loai, vbi cdng suat va cacdac tfnh dien khac nhau. Co nhung phu tai cdng sua't lbn, dac tfnh mb may ra't

phong lam viec, may tfnh phuc vu giam sat, dieu hanh, tfnh cube; camera baove, canh bao chay; in va photocopy cua khd'i van phong.

b- Cac loai den chieu sang cac phong may vidn thong, didu hanh, dothu, true ban-bao ve, cabin dam thoai, giao dich va cac phong quan ly, chucnang, quriy giao dich, bao khong cot anten, cot cao.

Chuy:

- Khi thong ke phu tai chi tfnh nhung phu tai true tiep nhan didn nang turmay phat dien. Nhung thiet bi nhan nang lupng tur on ap, UPS thi tfnh congsua't sir dung thuc td' sau on ap hoac UPS khong tfnh cdng sua't cua dn ap,UPS.

2- Cong suat phu taiphat trien Sph tr:

Cdng sua't phu tai phat trien Sph tr la tong cong suat cac phu tai se xua'thien trong nam cud'i ciing cua chu ky du bao quy dinh cho cac loaiHTNDVT. Cdng sua't phat tridn tuy thudc vao kha nang phat trien cua tram.Loaidac biet, loai 1: 10 nam, loai 2 va loai 3 : 7 nam.

3- Xac dinh bo sung cong suat theo dieu kien mamay cua phu tai.

Phu tai cua td may phat didn gom nhieu chung loai, vbi cdng suat va cacdac tfnh dien khac nhau. Co nhung phu tai cdng sua't lbn, dac tfnh mb may ra'tdd'c nhu: may dieu hoa nhiet dd cdng suat lbn, bom nude, thang may, ca ca'uquay an ten kfch thubc lbn...) thubng co dong didn mb may rat lbn sp vbidong dien ma chung tieu thu khi da b trang thai xac lap. Vi vay, theo didukien nay, cdng suat cua to may phat dien can phai du lbn de dam bao cho cacphu tai khbi ddng an toan.

Khi co nhieu phu tai co dong mb may lbn, tri sd' ASmm dupe tfnh bangcdng sua't mb may cua phu tai lbn nha't trong nhung phu tai tren. Nhuvay taco cdng sua't tfnh toan cua may phat dien nhu sau:

ÿMPDtt d£tf.t (j. + ASmmBubc II:Lua chon cdng suat may phat didn

Qua phan tfch tren day ta co the chon may co cdng sua't thoa man cacdilu kien sau:

" ÿMPDtt~ S£ut + Sph tr < 80%SMpDch9n" ÿMPDu ~ ÿSu.t + Sph.tr + ASmm <110% Sjÿgchgn

Nguyen tile td chuc h£ thAng nguon dien tram vien thbng 17/20

PHU LUC C: TAI LIEUTHAM KHAO

DINH CO DUNG LU0NG TRAM VlgN THONG, KHA NANG PHAT TRIENXAY DUNG HE THONG CUNG CAP NGUONDI$N PHU HOP VA KINHTE

Qua thuc te mot so he thb'ng ngudn dien da duoc lap dat tai cac dai tramvibn thong ( ALCATEL, SIEMEN, NEC ) cbng sua't tieu thu ca ban co the'duac tinh nhu sau:I- Cong suat tieu thu lan nhat:

* Cbng suat tieu thu cua 01 tram HOST:+May nan dien 06 (MODUL 48V-100A) x 6 KW = 36 KW+May dieu hoa 02 x 10KW = 20 KW+Chieu sang va cac thiet bi khac = 10 KW

Tdng c6ng = 66 KW* C6ng sua't tieu thu cua 01 tram VE TINH 5000 lines:

+May nan dien 06 (MODUL 48V- 25A) x 1,5 KW = 9 KW+May dieu hoa 02 x 2 KW = 4 KW .+Chie'u sang va cac thiet bi khac = 5 KW

Tdng cOng =18 KW* Cong sua't tieu thu cua 01 tram CNE hoac PABX 250 lines:

PHU LUC C: TAI LIEUTHAM KHAO

DINH C0 DUNG LUGNG TRAM VE&N THONG, KHA NANG PHAT TRIENXAY DUNG HE THONG CUNG CAP NGUONDI$N PHU HOP VA KINHTE

Qua thuc te mot s6' he thdng ngudn dien da diroc lap dat tai cac dai tramviin thong ( ALCATEL, SIEMEN, NEC ) cong sua't tieu thu co ban co theduoc tinh nhusau:I- Cong suat tieu thu l&n nhdt:* C6ng suat tieu thu cua 01 tram HOST:

+May nan dien 06 (MODUL 48V-100A) x 6 KW = 36 KW+May dieu hoa 02 x 10KW = 20 KW+Chieu sang va cac thiet bi khac = 10 KW

Tdng c6ng = 66 KW* C6ng sua't ti6u thu cua 01 tram VE TINH 5000 lines:

+May nan dien 06 (MODUL 48V- 25A) x 1,5 KW = 9 KW+May dieu hoa 02 x 2 KW = 4 KW .+Chi6u sang va cac thiet bi khac = 5 KW

Tdng c6ng = 18 KW* Cong sua't ti6u thu cua 01 tram CNE hoac PABX 250 lines:

+May nan dien 02 (MODUL 48V-25A) x,1,5 KW = 3 KW+May diÿu hoa 01 x 1,5 KW = 1,5 KW+Chi6'u sang va cac thiet bi khac = 0,5 KW

Tdng c6ng = 5 KW

II-Cong suat han che den mite cd the khisu:dung may phat dien:

* C6ng sua't ti6u thu cua 01 tram HOST:+May nan di6n 04 (MODUL 48V-100A) x 6 KW = 24 KW+May dieu hoa 01 x 10 KW = 10 KW+Chi6'u sang va cac thi6't bi khac = 6 KW

Tdng c6ng = 40 KW* C6ng suÿt tieu thu cua 01 tram VE TINH 5000 lines:

+May nan di€n 04 (MODUL 48V- 25A) x 1,5 KW = 6 KW+May dilu hoa 01x2 KW = 2 KW+Chie'u sang va cac thiet bi khac = 3 KW

Tdng c6ng = 11KW* Cong sua't tieu thu cua 01 tram CNE hoac PABX 250 lines:

+May nan dien 02 (MODUL 48V-25A) x 1,5 KW = 3 KW+May dilu hoa 00 x 1,5 KW = 0,0 KW+Chie'u sang va cac thiet bi khac = 0,5 KW

Tong cong = 3,5 KW

Nguydn uic irf chtic hd thrfng ngudn didn trum viin thOng 18/20

///- Thu'c te trang bi may bien dp, may phdt dien, may nan, ac quy, dieuhod theo dung luong tram vien thong.

stt Dung luqng(lines)

Trambien ap(KVA)

Mayphat diSn(KVA)

Dung luqngmay nan

(A)

Dungluqngac quy(Ah)

May dieuhoa

(BTU/h)

Ghi chu

1 Tram HOST 180 100 600 4000 140 0002 5000-10000 50 40 2x150 2x 600 72 000 2 vetinh

trong jl3 2000-5000 50 30 150 600 36 0004 500-2000 15 150 400 180005 250-500 5 75 200 120006 100-250 3,5 50 100 90007 <100 2,2 20 100

May phat dien liru d6ng 55 KVA cho tram Host hoac tuong duong, 37KVA, 20 KVA cho tram ve tinh 10.000 lines va 5000 lines, 5KVA cho cactram du6i 500 lines.Tren day la so lieu tham khao khi trang bi he th6'ng nguon dien cho m6ttram viin thong. Tuy nhien, trong thuc te cac tram viln thbng hien danghoat dong tai TCTy co ca'u hinh rat da dang. Tai mot khu ky thuat vienthong co the co mot hoac nhieu thiet bi cua cac don vi khac nhu Vinaphone,

///- Thu'c te trang bi may bien dp, may phdt dien, may nan, ac quy, dieuhod theo dung luong tram vien thong.

stt Dung luqng(lines)

Trambien ap(KVA)

Mayphat diSn(KVA)

Dung luqngmay nan

(A)

Dungluqngac quy(Ah)

May dieuhoa

(BTU/h)

Ghi chu

1 Tram HOST 180 100 600 4000 140 0002 5000-10000 50 40 2x150 2x 600 72 000 2 vetinh

trong jl3 2000-5000 50 30 150 600 36 0004 500-2000 15 150 400 180005 250-500 5 75 200 120006 100-250 3,5 50 100 90007 <100 2,2 20 100

May phat dien liru d6ng 55 KVA cho tram Host hoac tuong duong, 37KVA, 20 KVA cho tram ve tinh 10.000 lines va 5000 lines, 5KVA cho cactram du6i 500 lines.Tren day la so lieu tham khao khi trang bi he th6'ng nguon dien cho m6ttram viin thong. Tuy nhien, trong thuc te cac tram viln thbng hien danghoat dong tai TCTy co ca'u hinh rat da dang. Tai mot khu ky thuat vienthong co the co mot hoac nhieu thiet bi cua cac don vi khac nhu Vinaphone,Mobile phone, dien bao, cac tram cua VTN,VTI....Vi vay khi dau tu, xaydung tram phai khao sat ky, d£y du nhu c£u sir dung ngudn di6n cua ta't cacac thi6t bi viln thong trong khu, tram vidn thbng. Tinh toan cOng suat tieuthu cua cac thiet bi can phan loai tru tien, khong uu tien de co co sd lua chonmay bi6n the, may phat dien, may nan, ac quy phu hop dam bao ky thuat vakinh t£ tranh dau tu dan trai, lang phi. Mat khac khi c6ng nghe viln thbngthay d6i thuong cong sua't tieu thu cua thiet bi co xu hucmg giam nho vi vaykhong n£n chon cong sua't dukien phat triÿn qua 16n.

TV-nguyen tac N+1

Vi ly do an toan ca'p dien cho cac thiet bi viin thong nen so luqngmodule nan duqc chon tang them 01 chiec (n+1), nhu vay da tinh den trudnghop khi co 01 modul su co he thong nan dien vln dam bao cung cap dien chophu tai hoat dong binh thuong chua co su cung ca'p nguon tir ac quy.Cong thtfc n+1 duqc tinh nhu sau:

Trong do : - IB la dong tai cua he thong- INla dong danh dinh cua mot modul nan

Nguyen tic to chile hi thing nguin tlidn tram viin thong 19/20

- n la so lu'ong moclul nan

VI clu: Gia sir tai cua mot he thong mot may nan dien la 55Ampes. He thongsir dung cac modul nan co dong mot chidu dinh mire 25Ampe.

Khi do n +1diroc tfnh nhir sau:

Vay: n +1= 3 +1= 4

_Jb

___55

__n_

IN " 25 " 2'2

- n la so lu'ong moclul nan

VI clu: Gia sir tai cua mot he thong mot may nan dien la 55Ampes. He thongsir dung cac modul nan co dong mot chidu dinh mire 25Ampe.

Khi do n +1diroc tfnh nhir sau:

Vay: n +1= 3 +1= 4

_Jb

___55

__n_

IN " 25 " 2'2

7

Nguyen tic tri chtlc h4 thO'ng nguin di4n tram viin th6ng 20/20