17
: 1388/5/20 : 1389/2/6 | | 145 . . : » MMPI « » « » « . ) ( . . Archive of SID Archive of SID www.SID.ir

3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

� ��N�%.� k._�( :')�%�� i%��= 1388/5/20 :m%.4= i%��= 1389/2/6

������������������ k�"?����� < 5 | ��0/5�?> | �h5�>–145

��(%� �V%(R� ED���=�3���� "A@� IO� (%=3(0��" �$�; 7�0, ��1 �U�K� ��) � !3(0�

( �0/ ��ND�)� �����( ��� q�N���� �� .���

� �." �.4N( ���� ���" %�� 0� ����� � <�����( ���u�� � .� � ��C

/ �0( ��N0( ���� �� � �N(�N� ���u ���" � �� "�N�< 0� ����� ��� � .� � ��C

��%J �o <&�����M/ '����u ��(�� � #/��. ���u #W+3[( ��W�� �W/ �W%� �� � &W�.� #/ ��%� Y�� �0�"��/ ��.( .')�u � �e

#g(�O ��(- #+3[( ���� � &���� �� � #/ ��%� ( I���= �N��< #�87 �- � �!� <�W� #W/#�.�� U�� u�� ��'"� q� � <��u �� ��� �(�-%� � .Wu � < #W�.�� � .WNV #W/ &���W� < ��.W(

.�N�)�u � �e "��/ X��1V &���� � �/ '" :� » ���W� +( W�q� u��W�) &W"�� #W(�� MMPI« <»&"�� #(�� z!� X�V -%;��«< �»+( W�q� �����W/ ��W� �W0N= q�W�D %«. &���W� \.W� � ��& �.(�-Az� ��u �/ �.(�-� � .u'" #� < � z�&N%�u )��4= ���u �W� �(�-% W� � .Wu � �

&�� Y�$� �.(�-�� �/ �� ���u ��< #3� �( �(�-%� U��)'����u ��(�� ( ��'�� '��� �/�� �(�- ���u%� � z� � �� �O ��%�� <z� ���u �� �� � .�(- I�V #/ �.(�-

"��/ �.�N( #/ ����� �� &����< ��(- U�� � 3,=�I � �%z�� �NC ~�(�� �� ���!�" � �W��%� #/ '"� ��(- 3,= � �I �� � #� � � ���� ��'����u ��(�� � #/��. ���u u��W�) &��� �V�/<

�0N= q��D %< � ��� �) %& #+3[( ���� z!� X�V �(�- ���u%�< �+( ��%#� k�W�N� ���Wu �/< ��� .'"

'����u ��(��w u���) wz!� X�V wLPQw �0N= q��D %w

!2*Bj

�2*�8 �=k�

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 2: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

#&Z ������� �� ����!���� " � # " ��$%#&�'

#/ �O}' ( �� .��� �,1( #� '!u � .= k� � �% J��� \.Wr.( J%�= �W� � �� � W"�N� <'" �����( �%� �/;%��� ��,( J%�=#/ �� .��� Ng% <�(< �"�� � ��� � � u�W�� Y.W0!(���� X��D �< �� .��� �.O� ���/)I�� �� �� X�.Wh �( L �W4( �W� .M� 'W� � W�)E

5>?:(. �� .��� �`V % ( �.O� #/ ���= ��- �W`V JW% #W/ Y�$� �W" #W� �- �/ � � ���W= ���M(�.�( ��� � �- �W/ ��W��( �+" ;% �%� ����� � �W� � �W��< '%.W`V fW� ��W/ u� .��� ��%�� �= < �u���'"� < e�/ ���.M�( � �� �u ��D(��N� #� ;%`V<. �/

<#���� �/ �% ��=.� =�( �/ �� .��� ( �����/ q��D U �� �u�� f� ��/ <�N� �W� .= �3��/ �- �/ � �.� ��.��)����(.

&N= J�(��­��/ u���< <­�( � z�% �O �%�.1� ��.�� 'W" #��+��V. % �WO ���� i3= � J%�=��/ � %��� \.� J%�=���� ��u��"�� '" %�� ;W% u�W�� �� #� � ��<��.� '3V #/�.1� T f� � .� � �N��) <V���O '� ��/ �� ��1�� ;% � ��%� <��W��/ <

���)��/< ����V �< �� ��." � �% �%<��.�� ." �� ( �� ���1�+� � ����e-) 5�@>(. J��g= v ��� <e�� y( .O �� #� �- I��� #/ ��NN� U�� q�W�D � 'W%.� �WN(

'" < <��Nu q��D mO.( �- ��%� m�"-��� ��� �< ���� f� ��W��V � zW!� X�V�.� #/ ( �.�J���./)� 5>@7���) wF 5>@?( º/ zW!� X�V . � 'W" W� �� &W( �- 3Wh �Wg &�� ���� ')� ���� �- �u�� %-��� ����W�( ��W� W% 'W" �W��)) 5>@? w <��W%�-�u�< �.O-�N��� 5>?7(.

&�/ <% �O <�= ­." �N%-�) ;%( ���� #/ �%- #�;% C��W�� 'W�N( q�W�D � � � �) ( #���� � ���u� �.1� �N��( %���(- T #�1W� � <��W( 'W�N( <V�W��O '�ge.(

��� ��/ �� �N��( <V���O ���"� ����� �( � � j��w�� � k�1�� #/ �WN/ �W/ JW% < �WOv ��� ;% ��%�� #� '��� �!�� q�W�D �/ ���W� fW� u��W�) � �W��/ � � � .�W�%�/)

'��" � 5>@6( .<% �O f� #/ � ��.1� T #�1� ��� ��W/ <���W"�� � ��W�%.� ��W) ��WC� �N( �� �� ( #��u�NC J% � �N� <�.�&�� N�/ ��NN� �N� #/ � �./% �O '" �) W% �� 5>>7( �( ���� &�� �C #� ��� ���� ')� u���) #���� % � �.1� T �/ � �) ��u��"% �O '" '% � <2�u) ��� � < 'K(��© 5>?8(.

1 Kaye, Kenneth 2 Bohannan, Paul 3 Fisher, Bruce F. 4 Thiessen, Jake D., Arthur W. Avery, and Harvey H. Joanning 5 Briscoe, C. William, and James B. Smith 6 Vera, Maria I. 7 Graff, Whitehead, LeCompete

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 3: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

5�5 � 5@

#&# ��

����#+3[(< ���) �����) � ��( XP��( �/% #����� �O �0N= I��� #/ &W+����( � ��� ( U�� #/ <�N�������) �/ �N��( <��%� % ��.��/ � U���U.��� �N%- #Wg(�O

��.( ��� � �) ���#/�� �� ( U��� J% .��.�U.��� �N%- #+3[( ���� #/ '1��< '"� fW� =P��( <% �O � z� k�" ;%�N��( u��W�) <�W!N= <� �[Wr <f��< � #W/ &% �Wu

��.�� ��%�/�/ � �����%.� ��/ � ���) �Q � ���- ��( �%�� ���- )#��$� �0( 5�?6(. �� ���( �� ������.u��.u< '����u ��(��E '3V #/ <���)�� '��._W�( �W/ �%�W�

� �) < &N� �u �- ��./ �� ���� ��0/ <u��� ��� � �.N) � ��u��"- ��" �� X�"��D ���u �/ ��� '�O #/ *%.�= <�� .O���� ��/ ����< �O #/��� ��/ ����/< *%.�= �

�/ #/ ���"����M(�.� &���� #O.= ��.( 4M� .')�u � �e �u #/���/ ��W(�� � �Wu'�O �� #� ��) <�����u '" ;�� .O�< #�".��< �/ »�- ���/ �%�/ #C « �»�- #WC

( ��) '�� �N�« &� �� � &�( �- � Y �W� ¨�W� �/ �u�� � �W�< #W/ #W�.u W% IW(��< �� ��"�N���� ��(�� .�N� � �����u �u����/ ( #� �� .�UP= ��C �- �N� ���/ #�

JW% .'�� #�,� �- �� �.Wu�u� �� ��W��/ � � � &W+� �W!% <��W��0)< � � W�M/#�" .��� '�4M� �.� ���( '"� #/ �%- y�!�) � ��/-�h�� 5�?5(.

."�- �f� � ���� )5>@6( #%.W" �W/ W4M� �W�� U�.W(- �M/�o "��/ #/ �W�u z!� X�V �/ �����u�N�� ��� .�- &���� �� <��5? &� � .WO <���W�� � X�W( #W/:�

'V�"< � �W��%� W4M� �W�� U�.W(-5? �� k�W�N� ���Wu �� fW� �W�%� �W!� ���W/ �� ��� � ��W(��� 'W!u .Wu� W( � ���Wu �W� �� .�W���< ����W�( �� �Wu ���W� #W�!u �W� �.��� ���u �`V !N( � '1ª( !�h.= ���/ �.� �( '� ���% ��W�� �%�W�� .�W���� � � ����#�!u �� �.�&%�(�- ���u �� '1ª( !�h.=< #/#�.u <� ��WNg( W% �W/ #W�%�+( ��

k��N� ���u< #�)�% &% �) .'" � �W�� � d�W��F )5>>7( < W(- ��o�WW= W"��/ �.W�N( #WW/U�. <fWW�� �W/ ����WW�u �W�'��._�( �%��< <z!� X�V �56 #N�(� �� #� � ��.(�- �!� I�W�( � � ��W���% �W�

��� � � �e ���u �� �� ���./w '!� X�W( #W/ #W� <&%�(�- ���u �� �!� &W� �W%� #W�!� �.�� #/ ��(�� �N�)�u � �e �����u < �'!� ��u �� �!� <k��N� ���(�� \.� ¨�� #� �

zNO <J" .������ ')�%��< #(���/ \.� � % #����u �� ( �N�)�u ;% �./ ��" ��W�� �%��� . #� � �'��._�( &% �) <f�� &��� �%��< z!� X�V � �����( � &%�W(�- ���u � �)

=��!= k��N�� ��Ng( .�� � 1 Gestalt Therapy 2 Adesso, V. J., F. J. Euse, R. W. Hanson, D. Handry, and P. Choca 3 O’Leary, Eleanor, and Richard Page

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 4: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

#&[ ������� �� ����!���� " � # " ��$%#&�'

������� #�#3�"� #/ � d.%� �J%�u ­�/E )5>>:( <�� Y�$� � � #W� � �W) ID ��$�� XP��( ������!�- �N��() � ��� ������.�� J�/ ��)< Y��=�� �����< �

q��D %�0N=( �/ � ��%� �/ ��.�� � ���W� f�W�+= ���Wu �� #/ <���./ k� ���Wu)5@ �!�( �/� � ��� »��� ��Nh« '����u <Y�� ���u � )5@ �!�( ����� � �/ ��W(�� ��.W( � �We

��(�� ���u k�" ;% � z� .�N�)�u< �����u ��(�� #� � � ���� �%���<� ����/ �/ #/#�.u ��%�� % <#O.= �W���o�= JW% � ��.W/ �W���� � �W/ ��W(�� � �=�N(�." ���� k.WQ �� � �� f� ��u ���( e�/ � �� '" .

z%��� )�777( ��"��/ 'W)�%�� �.� '���W�u ��W(�� �� &��W� �� �o�W( ��W� � � � �) %�0N= q��D HIV F '1ª(< � %�0N= � #��.1� ��.�� ( ��� � ��%� �/ ���/<

.'" j.�� )�777( ������� ���"��/� � ���� �� �/< W( ��� u���) � #� �W���/<

�- X�( #/ � �� �N� #�!���.( ��.(�- .� � � �e �����u ��(�� ¨�W� k�W�N� ���Wu �W� .������ ')�%�� ��(�� \.�&�� ��.(�- <#3� �( Y�$� � &%�W(�- ���u ��< #3�W"� #W/

»#���" ) �W�.N%� � .WO.� u���) RADI(«� <» q�W�+( �����W/ ��W� ���W�- � �[Wr ����.� )RCMAS(«� < �» �� �WN��.� q�W�+( ��W��.� ��W��A ) z%�W�PHCSS(«© < ��.W(

=��!= �%��� .�N�)�u � �e �.(�-� ��Ng( ���( � ���� �� zW� � &�� � � � ��W�� �.W(�- � ��u �g/ �� ������� ��� �u� �� �- J�%�� � �[Wr � u���) �� ��< �W�� �� �W�

�- ��/ w�./ �� �N��.� q��+( �� �� f� �.C <JW% =��W!= � ��WNg( ( ��W� � &%�W(�- ���Wu .'� � �.O� u���) ������� &��� �� k��N����( &%�W(�- ���Wu � �) < X�W( �� �NW�

� #�!� ��u< =��!=� ��Ng( ��� ��� �� z� ��� ')�% �.(�-< #W� #3_W�( JW% ��W�� �Wu�� ��o�= � � ���� k.Q �� ��(�� � .'" ��u

����� <�3=./< �� ��B��G )�777( <#�%�+( �.�N( #/ '����u ��(�� '��N� � �� ��(�� <u���) ��(���? ����/ � � � �We k�W�N� � &%�W(�- ���Wu �� �� � �%�W� u��W�)

#� ���./ ���� � ����/ J% .��� ����/ �� �- ���%�� u���) ��M�= �/ <���� 58 �=��WW/ �WW%< ��»#WWO�� q�WW�+( � �� �WWN/ � �WW���IWW�� �.WW= u��WW�) �WW/ )HPRSD(«¬

�� � ��� �./&%�(�- ���u .< #���.( �N�)�u � �e �����u ��(��< �5 �!�< k��N� ���u �< #� 1 Paivio, Sandra C., and Leslie S. Greenberg 2 Harris, Edwin S. 3 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 4 Cook, Dawn Annette 5 Reynold Adolescent Depression Inventory (RADI) 6 Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale (PHCSS) 8 Rosner, Rita, Larry E. Beutler, and Roger J. Daldrup 9 Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression (HPRSD)

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 5: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

5�� � 5@

#&& ��

��.('��N� �WN�)�u � �We ��(��< 5@ �.W/ �W!� � zW� .�7 W�!� #W/ ��W(�� � U�.W(- #�.�� ��% �� ���< =��!= #� � � ���� �%��� � ��Ng( ���('����u ��(�� '��N� � �� ��(��

�� �� � �� �� �.O� u���) ��(�� �- u���) ��(�� �� ��< �� �� ;% #/< �o�(�� . �� ���- �Jd�) J��" E )�776( ���D:777 ����/��C� � � %�W0N= q��D � u���)

55 ��.( /.NO ��%�(- '��% "��/ � �) J% .��� � � �e#/ k�W�N� � &%�W(�- ���u ��� ���� f��+= &%�(�- ���u< �.�� #/ ���N� )'����u � <(��(�� U�� #W/ k�W�N� ���u

#1e �(� < ��W(�� ��.( 'W)�u � �We ���� ��W%�� � zW� . ��W(��< ��W�� �%�W�� &��W� �Wu#���� ��8��h�� � k��N� ���u � �) � >7�h�� W% � zW� .�.W/ &%�W(�- ���u � �) ;

� �%��� <k�" � � ���� ��u#N�(� �� ����/ '�u��/ '��� ��W(�� �� ��u�NN� �W�� ��� � �) &%�(�- ���u <k��N� ���u � �) #/ '1��< f� �= .'"

3� 2�� J% �M/�o "��/ &����'����u ��(�� �.�� #/ W���u X�WV �W/u���) <z!�< #+3[( ���� %�0N= q��D � �� � #/ ��%� Y�� �0� J�W�� #W/ '"

<�.�N( ����� �� �%�( � �e "��/ ��.( ���u: !��6� � :��- �� ���'����u ��(�� �.�W� #/ W���u zW!� X�WV &% �W) ��<

u���) &���< #+3[( ���� %�0N= q��D � '" �o�( ����) . !��6� ��� :��(� 5 �� ���'����u ��(�� �.�� #/ ���u �� z!� X�V &% �) #W+3[( ��W��

����) .'" �o�( � �� ���'����u ��(�� �.�� #/ ���u �� u��W�) &��W� #W+3[( ��W��

����) .'" �o�( � �� ���'����u ��(�� �.�W� #W/ W���u &��W� �� %�W0N= q�W�D ��W��

#+3[( ����) '" �o�(.

5���� X��

�J����� "��." ��.�� X�� � �(*= #g(�O &���� J% ��(- �����u�/�� #�� #+3[( ���� �%� �� � &�.� #/ �W�%�

Y�� ���"�0� �0�'" #g(�O J% ���( � .< ���� 577 �!�#�.�� U�� � ���!�" �/ < ��u

1 Andrade, Joaquin, and David Feinstein 2 Meditation

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 6: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

#&t ������� �� ����!���� " � # " ��$%#&�'

��'"� q�< u���) ��M�= �.�N( #/ � #3�"� #/ »&"�� #(�� u���) ;/«E ��.( .�N�)�u � �e �.(�-�/ ���) �%- #� \.r.( J% ��� �M�(#���� �� u���) W� �W(-

% �O �- �% '" � �) J% #�&�� � % �O � � �W�� #��W�� �W� ��.W/ u��W�) <�W� �"�� &"�� �� #(�� Y�� ����$Nu ���/ ��(� X�( #� �� #��W�� J% �/ ��u�� �W� � �W�� ��.(�&"� ( � �e ���� �M�( �/ .� �87 #� � �) � �!�< #W%�� �/ #W�!u �.W�

�- ��< z� � % �O ��C�#���� ��(- �� ��»&"�� #(�� u���) ;/« ��� JW% <�W��./� �) < #/#�.u % )��4=< k��N� � &%�(�- ���u �� #/f��+= zK" � ���� #3�W"� #/ »&"�� #(�� z!� X�V;��%-«�< »���� q�W�+( Tu��W�) �.W(�-MMPI«F< �» q�W�+(

�����/ ��� %�0N= q��D «� &�� ��.( .�N�)�u � �e �.(�-N�!u 'W3V #� '" ���W/������� ���!�" � »&"�� #(�� u���) ;/« 'W�u��/ k�W�N� <u��W�) &$NW" �W/

��(-< ���� ��1�V &% �) �.�N( #/&���� � z� .�./ I+��( ��~�( ��o�= � ��N��Q � �O 'W�� 'W��� &%�W(�- ���Wu �W/ ��W(��< ���Wu �� �W� �W`V < #3�W"� #W/ &"�� #(�� ��#�!u ���z� ��.( < .�N�)�u � �e �.(�-f� I��� #/ �NW� ���W�� � � � �W!�

��%�� �= &%�(�- ���u �`V '��� <�� �� � I�3,= Y��N� �W�< � �� �W� #W/ ¦.W/�( ��W(-�- ��j�� � �� �/ ��� �/ �/ ���u ��< � �� � ����.(�- k��N� ���u ��< #/#�.u %

)��4= � J��� #/<���� #�� �u ��N� .��

5���� �O% 5�(� ���� � �=3(0�C%– &���� ���� &��< I�� � 5� ���( % »&"�� #W(��

u���) ;/« �.�N( #/ <#�.�� u���) ��M�= ��.( ���< .�� ���!�" &W"�� J% #W(�� '��N� &$N" �/ ( ��� #/ ����) ��) �� ��� � ;W/ �W/ ��W"- ��W" � ���!�W"

�.(�- �� u���) #%� 3�� <(.�V � <���" <��=.� 5����( % � �.(�- J% � f� �)���� .'"

&"�� J% �O �/ #(��< #�" .� ��.(�- � ( �.� &"�� #N%�u � �� � ¦./�( ���/²e� �� � zK" <�� .M/ '<&"�� #N%�u % #/ #� �N� ��M�� � � �.N� k�D #�� � �=

�( ���� .��� �- � �� �� #� �O&"�� ���� J%�=��/� ����� ���W( �W�5� 'W" <#N���/ ���� q��+( �> �� .� �./� ��)� 5�?5(.

1 Beck Depression Inventor 2 Eysenck Self-Esteem Inventory 3 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) 4 Revised Felling of Loneliness Scale 5 Corraze, Jacques

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 7: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

5�: � 5@

#&\ ��

;/ <���" < �J�/��uE )5>??( f� %�%�� m%�r ���( ���� ��" &"�� �� � � #W(�� @�/7 �=7¡>�< J�����( �/7¡?8< ���� U� �u #� <�� #W�.u #/ � ��WNg( W%< ��%�W� U�%�W�

.'" ��.( ��I�� ��=.�5� ���( %��� < 1% �r �N���� #/ '"� ��(- f� m%�r .'" ���/&"�� J% �/ #(��»#O�� q��+( � �� �N/ ����I��� �.W= u��W�) �W/ «7¡@�< �W/ �

»���� u���) q��+( &"�� #(�� MMPI« 7¡@6 '" )����(. 1O� <��[V< �+�+D )5�?7( �.� &���� ��< % �� &$N" �/» &W"�� #W(��

;/ u���) «< � »���� &W"�� u��W�) q��+( #W(�� MMPI« m%�Wr .�W���� ���!�W" f� ���/���( �/ �/ �/ q��+( ��7¡87 �(- '"� #/< |[" �� #�7¡75 .�./ � ��Ng(

5���(� ������ C���O14 A��@� IO��� �– ;WW��%-� )5>8@ <�WW(�� � #WW�)�u�/ � �WW� 5�?7( &�.� � � �) %�� '�4M� "��/ �/ �� � Y�W$� < 'W"� #W� �- ���- &W"�� #W(�� �W� %u��.u�. �� ���/ .'W" '�W4M� ��g/ ;W��%- ���W�.� � W�% 'W" ���W" �W� 3Wh I�� ��N�� '�4M� � #N�(� #/ ¦./�( #� ��u��W" � .�W" iNW" W3�F < �W/ �/ ��

��$�� � .�" ��� "��/ '" �WN�. ��u��W" � .�W" Wu�%� <zW!� X�WV �.WC %�W�(�/�� � �- �N��( � <&( �- <�.� ���u ��W$�� � .�" �� � �W�� � Wu�%� %�W� �.WC

q��D � .�� ��� <u���) << � �- �N��( ��� I���= .'" �7 &"�� � .�W" iNW"'" z!� X�V #/ ¦./�( ��$�� � .�" �� � ��u��"< �� #��/ �/ q��D � .� � �We

�� � �� ��.(�- .�/ �/ ��&"�� &"�� J% #(�� �= �%�/� %�O( # �� .= � .O �/ ��.�/i"�� #� =�.h �� � ��� i"�� ��� �% �- X�.h J% #/ �����( �%�� #N%�u <���1�

#���( �#���� ) &"��¶ ( �.�N%�u�/ �/���� �.(�- � �u< i"�� #/ ��W���u�/�� �W� z!� X�V�� � ����( ;% �% ���� ;% ( #W� ��WD �� <�.� iW"�� #W/ �W� ��W���u�/��

q��D � .� ���� ¨�� �� � % �� f� w�.� �.C <J% &N%�u #� %��#���� &"�� �� ���� � �/ � � 7¡: �� m�=�= J%�/ �< ( J��� �.W� ��W�� J%�=��W/ #W� ��.W(�-�7 .'"

�(�� � �� )5�?7( &W"�� J% %�%�� #W(�� �< ���W� �W!�- U�� � ���!�W" �W/ ��W/� 7¡??< ��4N= U�� � ���!�" �/ �< 7¡?@ ���� U� �u .'" .3V )5�?7( �W�� �- %�W%��

�< %�(�-��/ U�� � ���!�" �/< 7¡>: ���� ���-�/ .'" &���� ��<�� &�� %�%�� m%�r&"�� J% #(��< ���� �!�- U�� � ���!�" �/ J�=�u � ��/� <#/ mW�=�=< 7¡?� �7¡@@ #W/

1 Beck, Aaron T., Robert A. Steer, and Margery G. Carbin 2 Eysenck, Hans Jürgen 3 Adjustment Stability Type 4 Emotional Instability Type 5 Coronbach’s Alpha 6 Guttmann

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 8: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

#&u ������� �� ����!���� " � # " ��$%#&�'

.�(- '"��(�� � �� <���" % �� U�� � ���!�" �/< m%�r7¡@6 &W� � �W/ � ��W%.O�WW���< �7¡@> &WW� � �WW/ � �WW�� ��WW%.O ��WW� U� �WWu� <'WW" |[WW" �� �� �WW� #WW�

/ a 7¡775 � ��Ng(�� . !3( .�)4 �=3(0� 7�*U�MMPI– » ���W� u��W�) q�W�+(MMPI« � ��7

���( #3/ X�.h #/ #� '" ���� ��� �% ( � �u .�.�> ���( 'W1ª( X�.Wh #/ �-< �55 ���( !N( X�.h #/ �-���� ( � �u f� w�.� �.C <J% i"�� #/ #W� %�� ��W�� �Wu

���/ ��.(�- u���) ;% ������ � ( .�.� &���� Y�$� �� ��� W( ��W�� #W� �W�� %�W%��MMPI � #W%� ( #W��� X�W1o

��=.� f� � X�( .'" � ��.��/ ���� ��"����� <J� �.W" � < z��W� W�E )5>?? < #W�)�u�/ � a �uAX����(� 5�?�( ( U� �u #� �N�� #�� q�W�+( �W�MMPI <�W%�� lP(�W� #WN( � �

�.u�u� �- %�%�� m% �r � ��7¡@5 �=7¡?6 '" .#���( U� �Wu %�W%�� m% �Wr ��W����D q��+( J% �/ @7/7 '" )a �uAX����( 5�?�( . U.W�� )5�@>( JW% %�W%�� m%�Wr

&"�� � #(��< %�(�-��/ U�� � ���!�" �/< 7¡8@ ���� U� �u &���W� �� .'" <�� &�W� &"�� J% %�%�� m%�r #(��< ���� �!�- U�� � ���!�" �/ J�=�u � ��/#/ < mW�=�=< 7¡@8

�7¡@6 #/ '"� .�(-IK�� <zO�./ < �¨N�)F )5>?6 < #W�)�u�/ � W1O�< ��W[V< +D �� W+ 5�?7( ( U� �u #� �N��»&"�� #W(�� ;W/ u��W�) « �W/» ���W� u��W�) q�W�+(MMPI«

f� � '" #��/ f� m%�r �- ���/7¡@6 ��� U� �u '" f� � ;/) <� ��W�5>??( . W1O� <��[V< �+�+D )5�?7( < I�3,= 2�� �/ ����� ��&"�� �� /�%��1�V �» &W"�� #W(��

;/ u���) «< f� m%�r �N�)�%�� ���/���( »&"�� #(�� �NC ��4M� #N�( 0O� �=."« �»&"�� #(�� ;/ u���) « ���� � <#���( �uf� % �� �- ��(�'" .

7�*U��(6�)�% !2� �1�$�; 7�0, �– q��+(�����/ ��W� %�W0N= q�W�D #W/#3�"� I" � <��PK� � <���=��� )5>?7( � ) 3h q��+( #/ #O.= �/UCLA(� #���" .�W��- � 3h q��+( �� #� �OUCLA ." k���D #% i"�� �� ��u <'W� � �.O� �� JW%

��"�N���� '��" � ��"��+( ��"��/ ���= � ��� .���(-�/ q�W�+( ���W= � ��7 ���W( #� '" <�- ������ ��) � ��� y�O� �� J% �7 ���(( '"� #/ �%- )����(. I" � <��PK� � <���=�� ) ��W��( <%�%�� /�%�� �/ UCLA < �� �W/ � q��+( J%

��@ &� � ) .O5�6 � ��(55� .�W���� �WO (�� %�W%�� q�W�+( JW% ���W= < �W/ �.�W� 1 Parker, Kevin C. H., R. Karl Hanson, and John Hunsley 2 Groth-Marnat, Gary 3 Campbell, Ian M., Philip M. Burgess, and Susan J. Finch 4. Russell, Dan, Letitia A. Peplau, and Carolyn E. Cutron 5.University California Los Angeles ( UCLA )

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 9: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

5�@ � 5@

#&b ��

%�(�-��/< 7¡>6< � 3h q��+( �/ � � T %�W(�-��/ %�%��7¡>8< ��%�W� #W�%�+( 'W" �� . &����<�� &�� &W"�� J% %�%�� m%�r #W(��< ���W� �W!�- U�� � ���!�W" �W/ � ��W/

X�u #/ <J( mW�=�=< 7¡>: �7¡>: .�W(- 'W"� #W/ W�.O < ����Wu < � �.W"���E )5>?6( < ������� � .NV �/ 7�0, � A@� IO�) ?*% �3 �1�$�; P2V�� ��� !2��f� < ��W�/ !N(7¡6>– ���( � fW� .�W����- 'W"� #W/ z!� X�V � %�0N= q��D ��W�/ ��W�( q��+( �����= 3h q��+( �7¡>5 ��� U� �u< |[" �� #� / a 7¡775 � ��Ng('"

��/ % �� ��- ( ���� � &���W� �� .�W�� <�� &�W� q�W�+( W% �� W"��/ �W/�����/ ��� %�0N= q��D < f� m%�r .�� ���!�" ���" % �� U�� � ���/ J% ���(

#} � �%�g= � q��+( %�0N= q��D � ���7¡8: �(- '"� #/< |[" �� #�/ a 7¡775 � ��Ng('" .

�� 2� � ��1��)4ED���= X�� : �����3 ���� &�� &���� #3� �( � �.�� #/ �%�(�- '����u ��(��< �/#%�� ����N�3���

)5�?6(< �y�!� ��/- ��h�� )5�?5( 3� �( J% .�� ���!�" # �� X�W( #W/ 'W�� 'W��� �� <��!� '���>7 #+�e�< � #/X�.h :�� �O �%� '��� '�M� #/ � �`V %�N�-�� �/ ;W% �W/ ���u �W�%�< ���W� JW��� � k.Wh

���u ��� X ��+( �� ���'����u ��(�� �� � ����� �- #W/ ¦.W/�( #3�W"� #W/ �� �W/ ���u< &"�� �O � #(�� u���) <z!� X�V ��< %�W0N= q�W�D �< &�W� � .WNV #W/�.(�-< #�� ��� .�� �/ ��3�=<'�M� '��� #�W" .� ���Wu �W`V � ;W% �W� � �W��� %��� � %�W0N= q�W�D <u��W�) mWO.( % �WO � zW� � ��� k.Q �� #� �< �

��� � z!� X�V &��� .�N� �M�( '" ��'��� Y." � Y��" �`V �����= #/ u��"� � z�" � � ��W� » WN�) �) ��W/«F <

»��� ��Nh«�< �»Y��=�� ���«� < �/ �W`V 4M� X�"��D %�"�N�< �� �W� x�W� #%�(�" u� � ��� �- �� ��J���� ��.�� < ��� �� ���/ � � ��$��� ����/�� �O #/ < .�(-

��%�� ��< �� � �`V #/ !����= .��

1 Joshi, P., L. Garon, and S. Lechasseur 2 Shilling, Louis E. 3 Playing Projection 4 Empathy Chair 5 Unfinished business

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 10: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

#&� ������� �� ����!���� " � # " ��$%#&�'

��'��� f$N� � Y��0C< �����= #/ u��"� � z�'��� <&�� � � ��W� » ��NWh® �«E �»'��._�(  �)«� �`V ���( �� �= �� �O ���u �`V �N� .�/ ��N� �� '��N�

U�� U�� <�.� �� ���%�K� � � ��%� k.+g(�� ��. ��%�� ��< �W�3�= � .NV #/< �W`V � #�" .� ��� �� �� �#N%- J%��= � ���!�" �/< #�!u ��'1ª( % WN%.�/ �.W� #/ � � � zW�

#%��� ���� f� �) % 2 �� � ��� ������u �.u��.u �� u��� < Y�Wu #W/ Y�Wu D�Q ��- � ;% �� #/ ���"� �/ ��.�����/ ��� ��

��'��� f�!� � f��< k�Wg) �.W�N( #/ <���u �`V �����= #/ u��"� � z��- ���WW� 'WW�ge.( �� �WW� fWW� q�WW�D �WW/ ����WW1( � V�WW��O �WW� WW��� < � � � ��WW�

»�.ux � ��"«F �»&%�(�- � J%��=«� .�� ���!�" JW% �� �W`V �W�3�= J�W!u 'W���#3�O �� /��( �� '1ª( &M ���/ &W+� �W!% � ��N%-k� � .W� 'W�ge.( ;W% �� �.W�

V���O .�./ �� �� <�W`V ����W�= #W/ u��W"� � zW� <f�W�� '��� �W/ ���Wu �W`V � #W/

y�O �N/#�!u �� Y�$� ����� � w�N�� ��� ���u �� ��� �.(�- u���) <z!� X�V ��< �0N= q��D %�< z� � .NV #/ �.(�- Y�$� �`V ���( �� <')�u� w �WO ��W%�� � zW�

U��'����u ��(�� zW� �WO � W�%�(�- ���Wu �� �W/ �W�� k�W�N� ���Wu � <�.W(�-z� #�)�u �.(�- .��

d1��� ��.(�- J" ���g( 2 �,� � J�����( ��< #/ m�=�=< �� �?¡6: ( ���� � ��� � � #WN���

#N���/ ���� ��.(�- � ����) �� <��� #/ m�=�=< � �!h �=57 '" #W�)�% . !�Wh.= �W� �� &���� ����~�( #/ ¦./�( ��2�# �� � ���� ��� .'"

"��/ �/����� �� #�%�+( � &���� ���� J�����( u��W�) <zW!� X�V ��< ��.(�- %�0N= q��D � <k�W�N� � &%�(�- ���u �� ��W�� X��W!= J����W�( 'W�M� �W�

&�� �.(�-Az� ��.(�- �.(�- �� �� <�� <����~�( � ;%#/ '"� �(- #W� JW% #W/ #O.= �/ � &���������u�/�� ;% I+��( ��~�(�� � � � |["#" U�� � <�.W/ #�W�/ � �W�~�(

z��%� � I�3,= ��(- �NC ��~�( ( �.��()� .�� ���!�" �%���#/ '"� ��(- ����2� ��� [ �& �� � ���� ��� .'"

1 Hot-Chair 2 Assuming Responsibility 3 Reversal 4 Rehearsal 5 Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 11: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

5�> � 5@

#&' ��

��2� # !(�� ��*J� �(L� � ?*6��*� �=3(0� "A@� IO� ���" �1�$�; 7�0, � ��3.�)4 !�(= ��� �3 !.= � 51��)4 ���P�= 5*� A� � .�)4 .�)4

!�(= ��

.�)4

������������4

��(*{�� ����

A@� IO��=3(0��1�$�; 7�0,

&%�(�-

&���.(�-J�����(5�¡?75�¡?7 87¡>8 �: ���g( 2 �,� �¡7>�¡?56¡?> �:

z��.(�-J�����(�5¡�?8¡�6�5¡��: ���g( 2 �,� �¡�55¡>�6¡77 �:

� .u

&���.(�-J�����(56¡585�¡�?:>¡@8 �: 2 �,� ���g(�¡@8�¡88:¡7@ �:

z��.(�-J�����(5�¡?75�¡87:>¡>� �: ���g( 2 �,� �¡�6�¡6?8¡�: �:

��2� [ d1����% E�3 !2�4 2�j A��1�� �*�L; )!(�� �(*{�� �=3(0� "A@� IO� ���" ���3.�)4 �1�$�; 7�0, !.= � 51��)4 !�(= ���

.�)4 P�� X)� ���3�3)4 �!��6�

���3�3)4 ��K bT

��%/�%P��E 7¡>7� � 68 565¡>5 7¡775 < (� �%�3��� 7¡7>? � 68 565¡>57¡775 < ��%/��N�3��F >¡�: � 68 565¡>57¡775 < �/�­#�%� J%�=��� >¡�: � 68 565¡>57¡775 <

����#�.u #� ��2�[ ( ���� #W�� � ��WNg( {.[W" <�W�� �.W(�- �W� %�W� .= .��( � ���!�" � � ( ���� � �� � ���#�< '"� ��~�( � �% �� f� #��/ � ��< =��W!=

� ��Ng( ���( .�� � �.O� ���u �� �/ <#�W�/ � �W���~�( � ;% �� � ��Ng( X��!= "��/ #/#�.u % #��u �O< � ;% z��%� � I�3,= #" .��( J�( �� #� �� ���!�" ��� � �%�W���- �� ��2�& ����- ��� .'"

��2� & d1����% E�3 !2�4 C1 A��1�� �*�L; ) .��� ?�� �3 ����" �01�U� �(% � "A@� IO��=3(0�" ��3.�)4 �1�$�; 7�0, � !.= � 51��)4 !�(= ���

(*{�� v��

I��eM� ���3��3)4

?*6��*�I��eM� bT

z!� X�V �>87¡: 5 �>87¡:7 5�>¡:� 7¡775 < u���) >?:¡8? 5 >?:¡8? 576¡�7 7¡775 <

%�0N= q��D 555>7¡7? 5 555>7¡7? �8>¡6� 7¡775 <

1 Pillai’s Trace 2 Wilks’ Lambda 3 Hotelling’s Trace 4 Roy’s Largest Root

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 12: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

#tZ ������� �� ����!���� " � # " ��$%#&�'

����#�.u #� ��2�& ( ���� ���< zW!� X�WV �W�� � u��W�) << q�W�D �%�0N=< � ��Ng( =��!= ���u �� ���(.O�<m�=�= J%�/ � �� � � ����� �� 5 <�< �� ��.(

� �e ��%�=( ��u.� #�)�% #/ #O.= �/ !�Wh.= �� ��W(- �� ��2��# W( � .W= 'W!u #W��� ���'����u ��(�� �.�� #/ mO.( ���u u��W�) &��W� <zW!� X�V &% �) < �

%�0N= q��D #+3[( ���� &%�(�- ���u< k��N� ���u �/ #�%�+( ��< ��� '" .

zL% �%���#/ '"� ��(- � J% #� � � ���� &������ ���'����u ��(�� �.�W� #W/ W���u �V�/ u���) &��� <z!� X�V &% �) < %�0N= q��D �#+3[( ���� W�%�(�- ���u��� '" #�)�% J% . &���� �%��� �/ �� Y�$� �� ���#3�"� #/ ."�- f� � � ��W�)5>@6( �

���� �d��� )5>>7( f� � .�� ��- .� ��#� �� ���/ J% �/ � zW� % �WO IW%�� #W/ <<�.u��.u z!� X�V '" J��(� �.� m�"- ��C� ��) � ��N�/�� 4M� � �.� ���W/

u��� ;% \��� �/ )�� � .=#��u �O �/ #/ .�����/ �W��) )5>@?( < <e�W� yW( .O ��J�WW�g= v ��� ��WWNN� U�� q�WW�D � 'WW%.� � 'WW" �WWN( JWW% ��WW%� m�WW"-�WW�.��

�����u�/�� <��Nu q��D ��� ��� � ���� f� ( �.� #/ ����V � z!� X�V .�.� #/ �%��� '"� ���/ �� &���� J% � ��(- &���� �%��� �/ u���) �� j.W� )�777(

������ <�3=./ � <B���� � )�777( f� � .� '" #W/ . ���W/ .�W�%�/ � '��W" )5>@6( < <LPWQ&�/ <�= ­." �N%-�) ;%( ���� #/ �%- #� �/J�)�u #���� ;% �C��W� 'W�N( q�W�D ���)< &�� N�/ ��NN� �� � �[r � � .'" �.1� T ��W( 'W�N( <V�W��O 'W�ge.(< #�1W� �

��� ��/ ���"�� �N��( <V���O � ����� j���( �< � �.1� �(- <'" % �O � ���� T zW� �O�!�� f� u���) � fs q��D �/ v ��� ;% ��%�� #� '��� .���/ � �

#�)�% �� #/ '"� ��(- �����/ �M/�o '����u ��(�� �.�W� #/ q�W�D �W/ W���u %�0N=< �/ #/ �%��� '"� &���� � ��(- ��� .%�d �J%�u ­�/ )5>>:( <z%�� )�777( < �� ��W�- �Jd�) J��" )�776( f� - .'" �N�f�� � q��/E )5>>�( #W� �W� ���W/ JW% �/ LPWQ 3�W�(

#� '" V���O �/��u�� � �) u���#/ < ( �o <X�� .�� �u <LPQ #� � m1" �0N=f� J�M��u��.�� ( %.���� �� u�W�N= IW��� #/ #�3/ <�.� fW� #W/ #W� %�W� �� � � �� < fW� � u��W���m�"- u�%���.�� (��� � �) ( k�1�� #/ ��� � ���- �/ .#%�� �W�� J��W�./ )5>@7( #W+3[( < �W�

( q��D ���u � �NN� �- #/ #� %�� ����./ #��/ �� ��� � ��� � X�!� ��.(�� ��W) �/ .U�� #+3[( � �N� q��D #� '" J% ��C J%�=�N(." ��.( � ��%���� ��/ .'"

1 Bruce, Martha L., and Kathleen M. Kim

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 13: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

565 � 5@

#t# ��

'����u ��(�� #N( � % �����u #/ ;�� �/ � �.N) � � ��W��/ W( ��W� #W/ .��W/»'��._�(  �)« <»��� ��Nh« <»® � ��Nh« <»Y��=�� ���« <» ��W" �.ux �« <» J%�W�=

&%�(�- �«< �»N�) �) ��/« � � %����� �� �.u��%� #����%�� ���Wu 'W)�/ �� �O � ��� � � �/ '��._W�( �W/ �W���= k�WD ��W(� <�%�W� < #W/ ���W"� �W/ ��W) u��W(- ����M(�.� <��ge.( / � �N��( ��(�� �/� ���(- LPQ ( f� �) -.����

'����u ��(�� ( ;�� � �) #/ ��W/ |[W" � �W= �N� \�W)� <mW%�)�.� �W� �W�< �#%� �� #���N� ��� ���� �= �) <�.�N( J%�/ � �- �� �#/ �� � ���� =�"��D �Wu�� #�

#�.u #/ f�+��( % ���� #/�$= <�� ( *%.�= N� .�#%�� �/ �� '���W�u ��W�< �MW� �W/ #/�$= � u��� <��%� � �) ��u�%�U�� ( ���� � %�� ( #� �N� � ���!�" �/ �� .��- � �N� u��� �� ���u #W/ �MW� W���� y/�N( �e� #� '" J% �/ &1WNO W(-�� <�

� % ���%�� .= �D � � u�W�� XP�W�( �/ ��(- ��N� �W� .� �W= �) 'W)� ��W3u) � ­�W/��3u �/­E 5�?�(.

'����u ��(�� '" �- �/ f��" ���/ � #} � �� � �) #/ �= �� �W� '�.W�� ;W���N� <&�� �%� �O�0= ��< #W/ �u ��.W�� #W} � � ��W�/ �W"�� < #W/ #W�.u W% 'W"���� #/ ��� #�)�u �N� .� �� )y�!� h�� � ��/-� 5�?5(. <U�� J% � ���!�" �/� � ��� ���/ N�)< #W/

����) � �) < � #����/ � � � ��k� � .� � .=�� ( �.��" � �.� X�"��D � �� �WNN�< �/ ��"- ��" ���/ � � ( ;�� 1%�M=�.� &��� � � �� �N�!".%) 5�?6(.

'����u ��(��< �� ;% � .NV #/ / ���N� ���� V���O ��� � #� � �) #��/ ��%� �� ���)< ( ��� #/ � �) w��� ����) <�o�(��s< � �� � <�.$�� �- �������� #� ��

f��� �% ���,( ( ��( �� �/ u��� #/ '1�� � '" ��" ������N�3��) 5�?6(. � �%��� #/ #O.= �/ �%�/ &���'!u #+3[( ���� #�< !Q�V ��� � < #/ <X�� �WN(����

��� � �� ��/ #� �- I��� #/ �� .( ��/ ��#�.u W( ��u ��.W� � ���W�.�� u� .��W��.� ( f� � �����( <�NN� $= �/ � �) ���( �� J�)�u � �e � ���u#/� �� ;% ��" <( �- �/ �� .= �����/ �N(�." < �%� '��� J% �� �� f� <���u � ���%�� q��D �=

%�0N=( #� �- �/ ���) w�NN� #/ #O.= �/I��( ��./ �N���� ���( <���u � �) ���!�" #/�$= � ��f� < f� � �� � � "��/ � <��� �����#��%�� W� ���W� f� �/ �= ���W(-

f� �) ���- �/ LPQ � ���.'" = �/�- #/ #O. #�!u #C <�� &�� ( ��0� #� �.�'��" ����W�( �� �( U���u �< �W/

�����( �/ ����= ���u< '%.�� ��#(���/ � � �u��� �� .���u � �e ��Wu��� � �Wu�/ %�W� 1 Goldenberg, Irene, and Herbert Goldenberg

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 14: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

#t[ ������� �� ����!���� " � # " ��$%#&�'

#N�(� �� '����u ��(�� ��/��W� � �W���= #W/ #WO.= �W/ <�� .��W� � ���W�( �W/ �- �W�#�� #1��O �� ����0/ �� �����u � %�W� .= � X����( � �o�( ��u � W4M� �W� �W����0/ 3�V �.N) � ��u�.u��.u #N�(� J% ��< �- �(-��� &% �) �.�N( #/ �/ ��� �� ��

#+3[( � �) < �f� �) � �/ ��" #�� &$N" #1��O LPQ �/ ��u��" ���( JW% �� �� .= ����/ #N�(�� � �N(�.".���/ �(-��

#+3[( � �) �� �/ &���� J% Y�$� �%� &�.���%� ��(��" <�� #W���� �WN��( #�%�+( � Y�( � �( �%��� �/ �- �%��� J% ( &���� � � #N�(� J% �� �� .= ��u �W��/ �

���( U���u��N��Q �/ � �%��� &�/ ���" f� �) �=.

<����e-����< �1�+� X ���� �M). 5�@> .» � �0= �0� �� �.� J%�� � LPQ #/ '1�� � ����) ��u�%� "��/

k�" �� 5�@@«. ����.�M� f� ?*�0V� I`�U� 4 ��� � NT: �(�(� 51 4 2�� 4 ���� :��0!Wh ..U��N� X �����

�0C.N( <U.�� . 5�@> ..�)4 3(%��8 ��� ����.� �� ��� :� �0= .

#��$� �r� <�0(. 5�?6 .»"��/ �%u� ��4M��� <X��0( �� V���O <;1" �� k� ���/ � �%u� ��g�O�' ���N� � � .NV #/�& /�J ��+).( W�' #W[/ � 'W��� � .W����% v�� �� �W� ��WV �

r�+�( .� .� �0� LPQ« ��%�� #(�� ���� � �� "�N� (.�V< 0� ����� ��� � ��C< .� .�

1O� <YPs �r� <%�". 3V ��[V< �+D k��O�+. 5�?7 .»3,=�I 3(�V ."-k �� &W"�� #W(�� �W/ ;W/�� 0� ����� � � ����� .� .� � ��C« ��M� � %(; P.��*�� �� � ����� $� !�6��3*2 (�j

).� ?)�–6:(6>–88.

!��y ��/- <p �1V< � YPs �h�� �r�. 5�?5 .(}�1� ����� � !����� ����3������ � ��� ���( :� �0= .. ��3� <�N}.��z. 5�?6 .(}�1� ���!����� . � ��u�/��%#$ �-%J.X�VPQ X ����� :� �0= .

.3V <"���D��r��. 5�?7 .»"��/ #[/ � �r� � z!� X�V%' 3~� ��(��W" ��W"�N���� �� �W� X � � �����.« ��M� � %(; P.��*�� �� � ����� 2$�� !�6��3 �)5:(:@–@:.

<� ��j x .5�?5. �� :��.�� �p(� ����� %*���� ��� ���� . � ��u�/�� �� ���"� � � �.W4N( �.W�,( ..��� X ����� :� �0=

a �uA <X����(�u. 5�?� .������ ��� 5M��� . � ��u�/�� ���� J�D%! ���,( � �r��; .W� :� �W0= ..��� X �����

v%���

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 15: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

56� � 5@

#t& ��

��3u <­�/#��% < � ��W3u X�W/�� ­�W/. 5�?� . !3.��� ������3 . � ��Wu�/ W= ��/ ��W� J�W�D � ;(��W"&+� �N/.� �� ��� :� �0= .

�WW(�� #(.WW4g( <� �WW�. 5�?7 .»#WW[/ � #WW��u�NC � ���WW" ~�( ��WW�� V�WW��O � �[WWr <zWW!� X�WWV< �k��� �u% &� � �.O� � �/ �/ .O%�� 0W� ���W�� ��� .� .W� � �W�C« �� W%�� #W(�� W"�N���� �W�� � �� "�N� /�=��< 0� ����� ��� � ��C< .� .�

%!". <�h��. 5�?6 .»�+(%#� �M/�o �� �� ��� �����( W% '���W�u ��W(�� WNg( � ��W(�� &��W� ��u���) ������� <� �[r < U���� � �u ( ����� Wr�+�( ��W�� #WgO �( LPWQ �W��( #W/ ��WNN�

�����( �� .��� .�+" ���"�0� « ���-T �D�U� ?V� � �� ��� ����w� ��3 �3 !2�*? 8 !(�6� � (�(�� �4*+ ����� �3 !3.�� 1(0� ����� � :� �0= .�� ��0/.

Adesso, V. J., F. J. Euse, R. W. Hanson, D. Handry, and P. Choca. 1974. “Effects of a Personal Growth Group on Positive and Negative Self-References.” Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice 11(4):354–355.

Andrade, Joaquin, and David Feinstein. 2004. “Energy Psychology: Theory, Indications, and Evidence.” Pp. 199–214 in Energy Psychology Interactive: An Integrated Book and CD Program for Learning the Fundamentals of Energy Psychology, edited by David Feinstein. Ashland, OR, USA: Innersource.

Beck, Aaron T., Robert A. Steer, and Margery G. Carbin. 1988. “Psychometric Properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-Five Years of Evaluation.” Clinical Psychology Review 8(1):77–100.

Bohannan, Paul, ed. 1970. Divorce and After. Garden City, NY, USA: Anchor Books. Briscoe, C. William, and James B. Smith. 1974. “Psychiatric Illness: Marital Units and

Divorce.” The Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 158(6):440–445. Bruce, Martha L., and Kathleen M. Kim. 1992. “Differences in the Effects of Divorce on

Major Depression in Men and Women.” American Journal of Psychiatry 149(7):914–917.

Cook, Dawn Annette. 2000. “Gestalt Treatment of Adolescent Females with Depressive Symptoms: A Treatment Outcome Study.” PhD Dissertation, College of Education, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

Fisher, Bruce F. 1978. When Your Relationship Ends: The Divorce Process Rebuilding Blocks. Boulder, CO, USA: Family Relation Learning Center.

Graff, Robert W., George I. Whitehead III, and Michael LeCompte. 1986. “Group Treatment with Divorced Women Using Cognitive-Behavioral and Supportive-Insight Methods.” Journal of Counseling and Psychology 33(3):276–281.

Harris, Edwin S. 2000. “God, Buber, and the Practice of Gestalt Therapy.” The Gestalt Journal 23(1):39–62.

Joshi, P., L. Garon, and S. Lechasseur. 1984. “Self-Esteem and Loneliness among Unemployed Women.” Psychological Reports 54(3):903–906.

Kaye, Kenneth. 1985. “Toward a Developmental Psychology of the Family.” Pp. 38–72 in The Handbook of Family Psychology and Therapy, Vol. 1, edited by Luciano L’Abate. Homewood, IL, USA: Dorsey Press.

O’Leary, Eleanor, and Richard Page. 1990. “An Evaluation of a Person-Centred Gestalt Group Using the Semantic Differential.” Counselling Psychology Quarterly 3(1):13–20.

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 16: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

#tt ������� �� ����!���� " � # " ��$%#&�'

Paivio, Sandra C., and Leslie S. Greenberg. 1995. “Resolving ‘Unfinished Business’: Efficacy of Experiential Therapy Using Empty-Chair Dialogue.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 63(3):419–425.

Rosner, Rita, Larry E. Beutler, and Roger J. Daldrup. 2000. “Vicarious Emotional Experience and Emotional Expression in Group Psychotherapy.” Journal of Clinical Psychology 56(1):1–10.

Russell, Dan, Letitia A. Peplau, and Carolyn E. Cutron. 1980. “The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and Discriminant Validity Evidence.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39(3):472–480.

Thiessen, Jake D., Arthur W. Avery, and Harvey H. Joanning. 1980. “Facilitating Postdivorce Adjustment among Women: A Communication Skills Training Approach.” Journal of Divorce 4(2):35–44.

Vera, Maria I. 1990. “Effects of Divorce Groups on Individual Adjustment: A Multiple Methodology Approach.” Social Work Research and Abstracts 26(3):11–12.

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir

Page 17: 3EDˇ= ˇV%(R ˚ (% !3(0 1 =3(0 - Alzahrajwsps.alzahra.ac.ir/article_1358_ddd2f00eb4b0598cc5ebceeebd7d7e3… · 7 Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale ... 2 Groth-Marnat,

56: � 5@

#t\ ��

�($% )��,(��

�����( ��� q�N���� �� .��� [email protected]

&� � #��.(- "�N���� �����( ��� 0� ����� � <�� .����� <� .� � ��C5�?@.

�3.� �.��� (�83�

���" %�� 0� ����� � <�����( ���u�� � .� � ��C [email protected]

&� � #��.(- ���� �1Q�1Q #(PV ����� � <�����(%< 5�?:. � � 57 �3V XP$( �� #��+(A����� ��� B�C .'"

%($� )��$� (�83�!3)2��(��

���u ���" � �� "�N�0� ����� � <�� � .� � ��C [email protected]

&� � #��.(- ���� � �� "�N�< /�= ����� ��' <q��( 5�@:. �.� .`V �N��) 0� ����� ��� � .� � ��Cw � .`V�'_ �,=%�%# #3$( � �� "�N� /�= Y.W3V �� W�0� ����� ��� � ��Cw ���O�J ��%z ���W�� � 0W��� � .W� � �W�Cw ����% ��WN +,= <Y.W3V X� ��� X�W+< �

J) -�� �� ���#� �.� ��� .O � � .��/ �.( #(���/ �%�< .���"�.� ���" � ��V � #g".= � � �����8�� (=�1 ���8 � E]�� (=�1 @��� � W/�& � 87 W�3V XPW$( �� #W��+(A W����� B�WC

��� .'"

2�01.��=

Archive of SIDArchive of SID

www.SID.ir