;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 -cy{ dGqfno tyf ... · 1 ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 -cy{ dGqfno_ tyf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] tkm{af6 -ldn]lgod Rofn]Gh skf]{/];g_

$Page 1: ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 -cy{ dGqfno tyf ... · 1 ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 -cy{ dGqfno_ tyf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] tkm{af6 -ldn]lgod Rofn]Gh skf]{/];g_$
1

;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] tkm{af6

-cy{ dGqfno_

tyf

;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] tkm{af6

-ldn]lgod Rofn]Gh skf]{/];g_

aLr

;DkGg

ldn]lgod Rofn]Gh ;Demf}tf -sDKofS6_

2

ldn]lgod Rofn]Gh ;Demf}tf

k|:tfjgf

k|:t't ldn]lgod Rofn]Gh ;Demf}tf -“;Demf}tf”_ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfn “g]kfn”_

sf] tkm{af6 cy{ dGqfno -“;/sf/”]_ tyf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] tkm{af6 ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf]

;/sf/L lgud ldn]lgod Rofn]Gh skf]{/];g -“Pdl;l;”_ aLr ;DkGg eof] . -o; ;Demf}tfdf Pdl;l;

tyf ;/sf/nfO{ Psn ¿kdf -“kIf”_ / ;fd"lxs ?kdf -“kIfx¿”_ egL ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 . o;

;Demf}tfdf k|of]u ePsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ cg';"rL ^ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf; / ul/aL lgjf/0f k|j4{g ug]{ ;femf nIok|lt kIfx¿ k|lta¢ /x]sf tyf

o; ;Demf}tf cGtu{t Pdl;l;sf] ;xfotfn] g]kfnsf] ;'zf;g, cfly{s :jtGqtf tyf hgtfdf ul/g]

nufgL] ;'b[9 ug{] k|lta4tfnfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{Ù

;/sf/n] Pdl;l;sf] ;xfotfsf] pkof]usf ;DaGwdf k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug{ lghL If]q /

gful/s ;dfh;Fu k/fdz{ u/L lbuf] cfly{s ;d[l4 xfl;n ug{ tyf ul/aL Go"gLs/0f ug{{ Pdl;l;sf]

;xfotfsf] nflu k|:tfj agfO{ k]z u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ :d/0f ub}{Ù

Pdl;l;n] g]kfnnfO{ k|:t't ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/Psf nIo tyf p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu

;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/Psf sfo{qmdx¿ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u ug{ OR5's /x]sf] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{Ù

kIfx¿ b]xfo adf]lhd ug{ ;xdt ePsf 5g\M

wf/f !=

nIo / p2]Zo

bkmf !=! ;Demf}tfsf] nIo= cfly{s ljsf; dfkm{t g]kfndf ul/aL Go"gLs/0f ug]{ k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf]

nIo -“;Demf}tfsf] nIo”]_ /x]sf] 5 . Pdl;l;sf] ;xfotf g]kfnsf] ;'zf;g, cfly{s :jtGqtf / g]kfnL

hgtfdf ul/g] nufgLnfO{ ;an agfpg pknAw x'g]5 .

bkmf !=@ kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zo= cg';'rL ! df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf kl/of]hgfx¿ -k|To]ssf] xsdf

“kl/of]hgf” / ;fd"lxs ?kdf “kl/of]hgfx¿”_ sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z 5g\ . k|To]s kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zo

-k|To]ssf] xsdf“kl/of]hgf p2]Zo” / ;fd"lxs ?kdf “kl/of]hgf p2]Zox¿”_ b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5g\M

s_ phf{ Jofkf/nfO{ ;xhLs/0f u/L tyf g]kfnsf] ljB't lu|8df ljB't cfk"lt{sf] pknAwtf tyf

l:y/tfdf ;'wf/ u/L ljB'tsf] pkef]u j[l4 ug]{,

v_ /0fgLlts ;8s ;~hfndf ;8ssf] u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg] .

3

wf/f @=

ljQLo Joj:yf / ;|f]t

bkmf @=! sfo{qmd ljQLo Joj:yf= bkmf &=# adf]lhd of] ;Demf}tf nfu" eP kl5, o; ;Demf}tfsf

zt{x¿ adf]lhd Pdl;l;n] ;/sf/nfO{ k}tfln; s/f]8 kGrfgAa] nfv -$%,(%,)),)))_ cd]l/sL 8n/

eGbf a9L gx'g] u/L -“sfo{qmd ljQLo Joj:yf”_ ;/sf/sf] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu

/sd pknAw u/fpg]5 . sfo{qmd ljQLo Joj:yfsf] ljlgof]hg cg';"rL @ df ;fdfGo ?kdf plNnlvt

5 .

bkmf @=@ ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkm=

-s_ k|:t't ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ eP kl5, Pdl;l;n] ;/sf/nfO{ o; ;Demf}tfsf zt{x¿

adf]lhd bkmf @=! Dff pNn]v ul/Psf] sfo{qmd ljQLo Joj:yfsf cltl/Qm yk rf/ s/f]8 kfFr nfv -

$,)%,)),)))_ cd]l/sL 8n/ eGbf a9L gx'g] u/L -æ;Demf}tf l;l8PkmÆ_ ldn]lgod Rofn]Gh P]g,

@))# sf] bkmf ^)( -5_, ;+zf]wg ;d]t -æPdl;P P]gÆ_ cGtu{t b]xfosf k|of]hgsf] nflu Pj+ o;

;Demf}tf sfof{GjognfO{ ;xh agfpg ;/sf/n] pkof]u ug]{ u/L /sd pknAw u/fpg]5M

-!_ ljQLo Joj:yfkg / vl/b ;DaGwL sfo{Ù

-@_ k|zf;lgs sfo{x¿ -sd{rf/Lsf] tna h:tf k|f/lDes vr{ ;d]t_ / axfn, sDKo'6/ /

cGo ;"rgf k|ljlw jf k"FhLut pks/0f h:tf cGo k|zf;lgs ;xfos vr{x¿Ù

-#_ cg'udg / d"NofÍg ;DaGwL sfo{x¿Ù

-$_ ;DefJotf, l8hfOg, / cGo kl/of]hgf tof/L cWoog sfo{x¿Ù /

-%_ Pdl;l;n] :jLs[t u/]sf ;Demf}tf sfof{GjognfO{ ;xh agfpg] cGo sfo{x¿ .

;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] ljlgof]hg cg';"rL @ df ;fdfGo ?kdf plNnlvt 5 .

-v_ of] bkmf @=@ tyf ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf xsdf nfu" x'g] o; ;Demf}tfsf cGo

Joj:yfx¿ bkmf &=% adf]lhd ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] k|of]hgsf nflu dfq o; ;Demf}tfdf Pdl;l; /

;/sf/n] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] ldltb]lv nffu" x'g]5g\ .

-u_ ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] k|To]s e'QmfgL cg';"rL $ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf To:tf]

e'QmfgL ;DaGwL k"j{ zt{x¿sf] kl/kfngfsf] clwgdf /xg]5 .

-3_ Pdl;l;n] bkmf @=@ -s_ cGtu{t pknAw ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] s'n /sd bkmf @=@-s_

df pNn]v ul/Psf k|of]hgsf nflu d'gfl;a ?kdf pkof]u x'g ;Sg] /sd eGbf a9L ePsf] egL

lgwf{/0f u/]df ;/sf/nfO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbP/ Pdl;l;n] bkmf @=@ -s_ cGtu{t pknAw ;Demf}tf

l;l8Pkmsf] /sdnfO{ sd u/L a9L ePsf] /sd -clws ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkm /sd”_] lkmtf{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

o:tf] cj:yfdf bkmf @=@ -s_ cGtu{t ;/sf/nfO{ pknAw u/fOg] ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] /sdaf6 clws

;Demf}tf l;l8Pkm /sd 36fOg]5 / pQm clws ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkm /sdsf ;DaGwdf Pdl;l;sf] s'g}

yk bfloTj /xg]] 5}g .

4

-ª_ Pdl;l;n] rfx]df ;/sf/nfO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbP/ ;/sf/nfO{ To:tf] clws ;Demf}tf

l;l8Pkm /sdsf] s'n /sd jf s]xL lx:;f a/fa/sf] /sd sfo{qmd ljQLo Joj:yfdf yk x'g] u/L

pknAw u/fpg] ljsNk 5gf}6 ug{ ;Sg]5, / To:tf] yk sfo{qmd ljQLo Joj:yfsf] xsdf nfu" x'g]

sfo{qmd ljQLo Joj:yfdf nfu" x'g] k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf zt{ tyf aGb]hx¿ Nffu" x'g]5g\ .

bkmf @=# Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf= k|:t't ;Demf}tfdf sfo{qmd ljQLo Joj:yf / ;Demf}tf l;l8PkmnfO{

;fd"lxs ?kdf “Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf” elgPsf] 5 / o;n] k|:t't ;Demf}tf cGtu{t ;/sf/n]

e'QmfgL lbPsf] sfo{qmd ljQLo Joj:yf / ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] lkmtf{ jf ;f]wegf{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .

bkmf @=$ e'QmfgL= Pdl;l;n] k|:t't ;Demf}tf tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tf adf]lhd sfo{qmdsf]

sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf ePsf vr{sf] nflu Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfsf] e'QmfgL -“e'QmfgL”_ ug]{5 . nfu"

x'g] ;a} k"j{ zt{x¿sf] kl/kfngf ePdf Pdl;l;n] ;/sf/nfO{ pknAw x'g] e'QmfgLsf] /sd -s_ g]kfn

;/sf/n] vf]n]sf] / Pdl;l;åf/f :jLs[t Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L a}+s vftf -k|To]snfO{ “:jLs[t vftf”

elgg]_ df hDdf u/L jf -v_ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;DalGwt j:t', sfo{ jf ;]jfsf] k|bfosnfO{

k|ToIf e'QmfgL u/L lbOg]5 . Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf sfo{qmd ;DaGwL vr{df dfq pkof]u ug{

;lsg]5 .

bkmf @=% Aofh= Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfnfO{ sfo{qmd k|of]hgsf nflu pkof]u ug'{ k"j{ pQm Pdl;l;

ljQLo Joj:yfdf k|fKt x'g] s'g} klg Aofh jf cGo cfo sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tf adf]lhd

;/sf/n] Pdl;l;nfO{ e'QmfgL lbg] jf x:tfGt/0f ug]{5 .

bkmf @=^ ;/sf/L ;|f]tÙ ah]6=

-s_ ;/sf/n] k|:t't ;Demf}tf cGtu{t ;/sf/sf] bfloTj kl/kfngfsf nflu cfjZos ;Dk"0f{

cfly{s tyf cGo ;|f]tx¿ pknAw u/fpg'sf ;fy} cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ug]{5 . o;sf cltl/Qm,

;/sf/n] k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf sfo{qmdsf kl/of]hgf p2]Zox¿ k|fKt ug{ clgjfo{ of]ubfg -“;/sf/sf]

of]ubfg”_ ug]{5 . cg';"rL @ df ;/sf/sf] of]ubfgsf] af/]df yk pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

-v_ sfo{qmd cjlwe/ ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] jflif{s ah]6df k|To]s cfly{s jif{df ;/sf/nfO{

k|fKt ePsf] jf x'g] cg'dflgt Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfsf] k"0f{ ?kdf n]vf /flvPsf] ;'lglZrt ug{

;jf]{Qd k|oTg ug]{5 .

-u_ k|:t't ;Demf}tf tyf sfo{qmd cGtu{t nlIft ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx¿sf nflu ;/sf/n]

Pdl;l; afx]s cGo >f]taf6 k|fKt x'g] ;fdfGo / ck]lIft ;|f]tx¿ Jff ah]6 36fpg] 5}g .

-3_ ;/sf/n] Pdl;l;nfO{ lnlvt ?kdf cGoyf ;"rgf lbPsf]df afx]s, k|:t't ;Demf}tf

tyf sfo{qmd cGtu{t nlIft ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx¿sf ;DaGwdf Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf ;/sf/n]

cGo tj/n] k|fKt ug]{ jf ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{ ;|f]tx¿sf] cltl/Qm x'g]5 .

bkmf @=&= Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfsf] pkof]usf] ;Ldf= k|:t't ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] jf ;/sf/nfO{

lnlvt ?kdf ;"lrt ul/Psf] ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] sfg"g jf gLlt pNn+3g ug{ ;Sg] b]xfo

adf]lhdsf k|of]hg ;d]tsf s'g} klg k|of]hgsf] nflu Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfsf] pkof]u gul/Psf]

;/sf/n]] ;'lglZrt ug]{5M

5

-s_ ;]gf, k|x/L, ldlnl;of, /fli6«o ;'/Iff jf cGo cw{;}Go ;Ë7g jf OsfO{sf] k|lzIf0f jf

;xof]usf] nfluÙ

-v_ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] /f]huf/Ldf ;f/e"t Iflt k'¥ofpg ;Sg] jf ;+o'Qm /fHosf]

pTkfbgdf d"ne"t lj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg] s'g} klg lqmofsnfksf] nfluÙ

-u_ Pdl;l;sf] jftfj/0fLo lgb]{lzsf tyf tt\ ;DaGwdf hf/L ePsf cGo lgb]{lzsfx¿

-;fd"lxs ¿kdf“Pdl;l; jftfj/0fLo lgb]{l{zsfx¿”_ df yk pNn]v ul/Psf jftfj/0f,

:jf:Yo jf ;'/Iffdf ;f/e"t hf]lvd x'g ;Sg] lsl;dsf s'g} klg lqmofsnfk ug]{ jf

;f] ;DaGwdf vr{ ug]{ jf To:tf lqmofsnfk ;DaGwL cGo s'g} klg tj/n] ;xof]u

ug{sf nfluÙ jf

-3_ kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ;fwgsf] ?kdf ue{ktg ug{ nufpg jf s'g} klg JolQmnfO{

ue{ktg ug{ pS;fpg] jf ha/h:tL ug]{, kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ;fwgsf ?kdf c:j]lR5s

aGb\ofs/0f ug{ nufpg] jf ha/h:tL u/L jf cfly{s k|nf]eg b]vfO{ s'g} klg

JolQmnfO{ aGb\ofs/0f ug{ nufpg] jf kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ;fwgsf] ?kdf ue{ktg jf

c:j]lR5s aGb\ofs/0f ug]{ sfo{, jf ljlw;Fu, k"0f{ jf cf+lzs, ?kdf ;DalGwt s'g}

afof]d]l8sn cg';Gwfg sfo{sf e'QmfgL lbg .

bkmf @=* s/=

-s_ kIfx¿ lnlvt ¿kdf ljz]iftM cGoyf ;xdt ePsf]df afx]s, ;Dk"0f{ Pdl;l; ljQLo

Joj:yfaf6 g]kfnsf] jf g]kfndf ;fdfGotof nfu" x'g] s'g} klg k|rlnt jf efjL s/, z'Ns, n]eL,

clgjfo{ e'QmfgL jf cGo ;dfg lsl;dsf b:t'/x¿ -g]kfndf ;fdfGotof k|rlnt d'gfl;a tyf

u}/lje]bsf/L ?kdf ;]jf jfktsf] z'Ns afx]s_ -“s/”_,-h;df g]kfnsf] jf g]kfnl:yt /fli6«o, ;+3Lo,

k|b]z jf :yfgLo ;/sf/L jf s/ nufpg] lgsfon] nufpg] s/ ;d]t ;dfj]z x'g]_ af6 d'Qm /xg]

;/sf/n] ;'lglZrt ug]{5 . plNnlvt Joj:yfsf] ;j{;fdfGotfnfO{ ;Lldt gu/L tyf ljz]iftM Pdl;l;

ljQLo Joj:yf b]xfosf e'QmfgLaf6 d'Qm x'g]5Ù -!_ sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt g]kfnleq NofOPsf s'g} j:t',

sfo{ jf ;]jfdf nfUg] s'g} dx;'n, eG;f/ z'Ns, k}7f/L s/, lgsf;L s/ / o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo b:t'/Ù

-@_ sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt j:t', sfo{ jf ;]jf ;DaGwL sf/f]af/df nfUg] d"No clej[l¢ s/, laqmL s/,

cGtMz'Ns, ;DklQ vl/b laqmL s/, jf cGo sf/f]jf/df nfUg] o:t} k|s[ltsf b:t'/Ù -#_ sfo{qmd;Fu

;DalGwt s'g} ;DklQsf] :jfldTj, sAhf, pkef]udf nfUg] s/ jf cGo o:t} k|s[ltsf b:t'/Ù tyf -$_

sfo{qmdsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf sfo{x¿ ;DaGwL cfo, d'gfkmf, jf s'n -u|;_ k|flKtdf nfUg] s/ jf cGo

;dfg b:t'/ tyf sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{ ug]{ b]xfodf pNn]v eP afx]ssf k|fs[lts JolQm jf

sfg"gL JolQmnfO{ nfUg] ;DalGwt ;fdflhs ;'/Iff s/ tyf o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo b:t'/M -!_ g]kfnL

gful/s jf g]kfnsf :yfoL afl;Gbf k|fs[lts JolQm, -@_ g]kfnsf] sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt sfg"gL JolQm

-t/ Pdl;P–g]kfn / o; ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf ;/sf/sf] bfloTj sfo{fGjog ug{] p2]Zon] :yflkt cGo

s'g} lgsfo afx]s_ .

-v_ bkmf @=* -s_ cGtu{tsf] s/ 5'6sf] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug{ lglZrt d'Vo s/sf

;DaGwdf ;/sf/n] cjnDag ug]{ sfo{ljlw cg';"rL & df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] sfo{ljlw cGtu{t

k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s/sf] e'QmfgLdf lbOPsf] 5'6, ;/sf/n] Pdl;l;nfO{ Pdl;P–g]kfn jf

s/bftfnfO{ lbg] s/ lkmtf{ jf ;f]wegf{, jf ;/sf/n] sfo{qmdsf] lxtsf] nflu Pdl;P–g]kfn jf

Pdl;l;nfO{ e'Qmfg ug]{ bkmf @=*-s_ df pNn]v ul/Psf ljifodf nfUg]] s/sf] ;xdlt adf]lhdsf] /sd

;d]t ;dfj]z x'g ;Sg]5g\ .

6

-u_ bkmf @=*-s_ jf cg';"rL & df pNn]v ePsf] Joj:yf ljkl/t s/ e'QmfgL ePdf

;/sf/n] cljnDa Pdl;l; -jf Pdl;l;n] tf]s]sf] cGo kIf_ nfO{ pQm s/ jfktsf] /sd cd]l/sL 8n/

jf g]kfnL ¿k}ofFdf ;f] adf]lhd s/ e'Qmfg ePsf] lnlvt -Pdl;l; jf Pdl;P–g]kfnaf6_ ;"rgf

;/sf/n] kfPsf] #) lbg -jf kIfx¿ aLr lnlvt ?kdf ;xdlt ePsf] cjlw_ leq lkmtf{ ug]{5 . To:tf]

/sd tf]lsPsf] ;doleq lkmtf{ ug{ g;s]df lkmtf{ gul/Psf]] /sddf bkmf %=$ adf]lhd Aofh nfUg]

5 .

-3_ ;/sf/n] bkmf @=* -u_ cGtu{tsf] cfˆgf] bfloTj kl/k"lt{sf nflu Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf

jf ;f] sf] k|ltkmn jf sfo{qmdsf] ;DklQ k|of]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g .

wf/f #=

sfof{Gjog

bkmf #=! sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tf= kIfx¿n] Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL

Joj:yf, ljlQo hjfkmb]lxtf, / e'QmfgL tyf pkof]usf] yk ljj/0f ;d]t ;d]l6Psf] Ps ;Demf}tf

-“sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tf”jf“lkcfO{P”_ ;DkGg ug]{5g\Ù / ;/sf/n] o; ;Demf}tf, lkcfO{P tyf

cGo s'g} k"/s ;Demf}tf Pj+ cGo sfof{Gjog kq cg';f/ sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{5 .

bkmf #=@ ;/sf/sf] lhDd]jf/L=

-s_ sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ko{j]If0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ d'Vo lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/sf] x'g]5 .

-v_ ;/sf/n] Pdl;l;sf] lnlvt ?kdf k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ kl/of]hgf tyf kl/of]hgfsf

lqmofsnfkx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{, ;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg ug]{ tyf vl/b Joj:yfkg ug]{

nufotsf ;/sf/sf] sfo{qmd ko{j]If0f, Joj:yfkg / sfof{Gjog ug]{ clwsf/ tyf bfloTj k"\/f ug{ tyf

sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{] pQ/bfloTj ePsf] g]kfnsf] dlGqkl/ifb\af6 hf/L ul/Psf] u7g cfb]zsf]

dfWodaf6 :yflkt x'g] Pp6f lgsfo tf]Sg]5 . ;f] lgsfonfO{ o;df“Pdl;P–g]kfn” egL ;Daf]wg

ul/g]5, / Pdl;P–g]kfnnfO{ ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 sfo{qmd ;DaGwL lqmofsnfksf ;DaGwdf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{

ug]{ clVtof/L x'g]5 . ;/sf/n] o;} ;Demf}tfaf6 Pdl;P–g]kfnnfO{ ldlt h'nfO{ @), @)!^ sf] ;+zf]lwt

/ k|lt:yflkt k|f/lDes cg'aGwg ;DaGwL k|fljlws ;xof]u cg'bfg ;Demf}tf [Amended and

Restated Initial Engagement Technical Assistance Grant Agreement, dated July 20, 2016]

df kl/eflift lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ko{j]If0f, Joj:yfkg tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ tyf

lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ lglb{i6 u/]sf] 5 . k|:t't bkmf #=@ -v_ adf]lhd lgsfo tf]s]sf]] sf/0faf6 ;/sf/n]

o; ;Demf}tf adf]lhd jf cGo s'g} ;DalGwt ;Demf}tf adf]lhd k"/f ug'{kg]{ lhDd]jf/L jf bfloTjaf6

pGd'lQm kfpg] 5}g / ;f]sf] nflu ;/sf/ k"0f{ ?kdf pQ/bfoL /xg]5 . Pdl;l;n] bkmf #=@ -v_

adf]lhdsf] lgsfo tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf o;} ;Demf}tf adf]lhd :jLsl[t tyf ;xdlt hgfPsf] 5 .

-u_ Pdl;l; lnlvt ?kdf cGoyf ;xdt ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s ;/sf/n] Pdl;l; ljQLo

Joj:yfåf/f k"0f{ jf cf+lzs -k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf_ ?kdf ljQ Joj:yf ul/Psf] s'g} klg sfo{qmdsf] ;DklQ

jf ;]jf k|:t't ;Demf}tf tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ cuf8L a9fpg] k|of]hgsf nflu dfq pkof]u ul/Psf]

;'lglZrt ug]{5 .

-3_ k|:t't ;Demf}tf cjlwdf ;/sf/n] kl/of]hgf p2]Zox¿ k|flKtsf nflu ;a} cfjZos

tyf pko'Qm sbdx¿ -bkmf @=^-s_ nfO{ l;ldt g/fvL, Pdl;l; lnlvt ?kdf cGoyf ;xdt ePsf]

cj:yfdf afx]s Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf eGbf clws tyf o;;Fu ;DalGwt zt{x¿ kfngf ug{ tyf

To:tf p2]Zox¿ k|flKtsf nflu cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ nfutsf] ljQLo Joj:yf ;d]t_ rfNg]5 .

7

-ª_ ;/sf/n] d'gfl;a /]vb]v, sfo{bIftf tyf nugzLntfsf ;fy k|fljlws, cfly{s /

Joj:yfkgsf d'gfl;a cEof;x¿ cg';/0f u/L k|:t't ;Demf}tf, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tf, k|To]s

k"/s ;Demf}tf / sfo{qmd lgb]{lzsf cg'¿k sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog tyf k|:t't ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] cfˆgf]

lhDd]jf/L k"/f u/]sf] ;'lglZrt ug]{{5 .

-r_ ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] tkm{af6 Pdl;l;nfO{ af}l4s ;DklQsf] s'g} c+z jf c+zx¿ xfn 1ft

ePsf] jf o; kZrft ljsl;t x'g] Pdl;l;n] pko'Qm b]v]sf] s'g} dfWoddf h'g;'s} k|of]hg -pTkfbg,

k'gM pTkfbg, k|sfzg, kl/jt{g, k|of]u, ;~ro, ?kfGt/0f jf pknAw u/fpg] clwsf/ ;d]t_ sf nflu

cljlR5Gg, ckl/jt{gLo, /f]oN6L/lxt, ljZjJofkL, k"0f{?kdf e'Qmfg ul/Psf], x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg]

clwsf/ tyf k|of]u ug{ jf u/]sf] x'g cg'dlt k|bfg ub{5 .

bkmf #=# gLltut sfo{;Dkfbg= cg';"rL ! -olb s'g}_ df pNn]v ePsf gLlt, sfg"gL tyf lgofds

;'wf/ k|lta¢tfsf cltl/Qm, ;/sf/n] Pdl;P P]gsf] bkmf ^)& df lgwf{l/t gLltut dfkb08, /

Pdl;l;n] k|of]u u/]sf] 5gf}6 dfkb08 / sfo{ljlw cg';f/ cfˆgf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] :t/ sfod tyf ;'wf/

ug{ k|oTg ug]{5 .

bkmf #=$ ;"rgfsf] oyfy{tf= ;/sf/n] k|:t't ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] ldlt;Dd Pdl;l;nfO{ ;/sf/n]

jf ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf ;DaGwdf ;xdltdf k'Ug] qmddf pknAw u/fOPsf ;Dk"0f{

hfgsf/L j:t'ut ?kdf ;To, ;fFrf] tyf k"0f{ /x]sf] egL k|Tofe"t ub{5 .

bkmf #=% sfof{Gjog kq= Pdl;l;n] ;/sf/nfO{ ;do ;dodf o; ;Demf}tf, Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf,

jf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} klg ljifodf lnlvt ?kdf -k|To]snfO{,“sfof{Gjog kq”

elgPsf]_ dfkm{t k/fdz{ lbg ;Sg]5 . ;/sf/n] pQm k/fdz{nfO{ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ubf{ cjnDag

ug]{5 . kIfx¿n] o; ;Demf}tf, lkcfO{P, jf cGo ;DalGwt ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL ljifox¿df

cfk;L ;xdltsf] ljifo PsLg u/L clen]vsf nflu ;+o'Qm ?kdf sfof{Gjog kqx¿ hf/L ug{ ;d]t

;Sg]5g\ .

bkmf #=^ vl/b tyf cg'bfg=

-s_ ;/sf/n] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ j:t', sfo{ tyf ;]jfsf] kl/k"lt{ ;/sf/

jf k|bfosn] Pdl;l; sfo{qmd vl/b lgb]{lzsf -“Pdl;l; sfo{qmd vl/b lgb]{l{zsf”_ adf]lhd ug]{

;'lglZrt ug]{5 . Pdl;l; sfo{qmd vl/b lgb]{lzsfdf cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm b]xfosf zt{x¿ ;d]t

;dfj]z x'g]5g\M

-!_ j:t', sfo{ tyf ;]jf vl/bsf nflu tyf vl/b ;Demf}tf cfXjfg, ;DkGg / k|zf;g ug{

v'nf, lgikIf / k|lt:kwL{ ljlwx¿ kf/bzL{ 9Ën] k|of]u ug'kg]{,

-@_ cfXjfg ul/g] j:t', sfo{{ tyf ;]jf k|fKt ul/g] j:t', sfo{ tyf ;]jfsf] :ki6 / oyfy{

ljj/0fdf cfwfl/t x'g'kg]{,

-#_ ;Demf}tfx¿ ;Demf}tf adf]lhd sfo{ ug{ of]Uotf Pj+ tTk/tf ePsf of]Uo 7]s]bf/x¿nfO{

dfq pgLx¿sf] ldtJolotf tyf ;fdlos ?kdf k"/f ug{ ;Sg] zt{ adf]lhd k|bfg ug'{kg]{, /

8

-$_ j:t', sfo{ tyf ;]jfsf] k"lt{sf nflu lgwf{l/t, pbfx/0fsf nflu d"No p¢/0f -sf]6]zg_ tyf

ahf/ d"Nosf] t'ngf u/L lgwf{/0f ul/Psf], Jofkfl/s ?kdf d'gfl;a d"No eGbf a9L d"No e'QmfgL

gug]{ .

-v_ ;/sf/n], Pdl;l;n] lnlvt :jLs[lt lbPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s, sfo{qmd sfof{GjognfO{

cufl8 a9fpg hf/L ul/g] cg'bfg -k|To]snfO{ “cg'bfg” elgPsf]_ Pdl;l;nfO{ :jLsfo{ kf/bzL{ tj/n]

v'Nnf, lgikIf / k|lt:kwL{ ljlw ckgfP/ k|bfg, sfof{Gjog tyf Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] ;'lglZrt ug]{5 .

o; zt{sf] yk kl/kfngfsf] nflu, tyf s'g} cg'bfg hf/L ug{' k"j{, ;/sf/ / Pdl;l;n] pko'Qm of]Uotf

/ 5gf}6 ljlw tyf cg'bfg k|bfg ug]{ sfo{ljlw;lxt ;Defljt cg'bfg k|fKtstf{sf] klxrfgsf] lgwf{/0fsf

nflu lnlvt sfo{ljlwdf ;xdt x'g]5g\ . o;/L ;xdlt ul/Psf]df sfo{ljlw Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] j]a

;fO6df k|sfzg ul/g]5 .

bkmf #=& clen]v, n]vfÍg, cfj[t k|bfosx¿, kx'Fr=

-s_ ;/sf/L lx;fa -lstfa_ / clen]v= ;/sf/n] ;Dk"0f{ Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfsf]

pkof]u tyf sfo{qmdsf] kl/0ffd tyf sfof{Gjog k|ltljlDat ug{ kof{Kt n]vfÍg ;DaGwL lx;fa,

clen]v, sfuhkq / cGo sfo{qmd ;DaGwL k|df0fsf] clen]v -“;Demf}tf clen]vx¿”_ Pdl;l; ;Gt'i6

x'g] u/L /fVg' kg]{5 tyf ;d]l6Psf ;Dk"0f{ k|bfosx¿n] ;f]xL adf]lhd ;Demf}tf clen]v /fVg] ;DaGwdf

;'lglZrt ug{ ;jf{]Qd k|oTg ug]{5 . o;sf cltl/Qm, ;/sf/n] Pdl;l;sf] cg'/f]wdf Pdl;l;nfO{ o:tf

;Demf}tf clen]vx¿sf] ;Ssn jf k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg]5 .

-v_ n]vfÍg= ;/sf/n] ;+o'Qm /fHosf] k|rlnt ;fdfGotof :jLs[t n]vf l;¢fGtx¿

adf]lhd, jf ;/sf/n] rfx]df Pdl;l;sf] lnlvt k"j{ :jLs[lt lnP/, cGo n]vf l;¢fGtx¿, h:t} -!_

cGt/f{li6«o n]vfÍg dfgs af]8{n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf, jf -@_ g]kfndf k|rlnt n]vf l;¢fGtx¿ adf]lhd

;Demf}tf clen]vx¿ /fVg]5 tyf ;d]l6Psf ;Dk"0f{ k|bfosx¿n] ;f]xL adf]lhd ;Demf}tf clen]v /fv]sf]

;'lglZrt ug{ ;jf{]Qd k|oTg ug]{5 . ;Demf}tf clen]vx¿ ;Demf}tf cjlw ;dfKt eP kl5 sDtLdf

kfFr jif{;Dd jf s'g} d'2f, bfjL jf n]vfk/LIf0fsf] lgisif{sf] lg?k0fsf nflu jf k|rlnt sfg"gsf]

cfjZostf adf]lhd ;f] eGbf a9L ;do;Dd ;'/lIft /fVg'kg]{5 .

-u_ kx'Fr= Pdl;l;n] cg'/f]w u/]df, ;/sf/n], k|To]s d'gfl;a ;dodf, Pdl;l;sf

cflwsfl/s k|ltlglwx¿, Pdl;l;sf dxflg/LIfs -“dxflg/LIfs”_, ;+o'Qm /fHo ;/sf/sf]

csfpG6]lalnl6 sfof{no, k|:t't ;Demf}tfdf jf o; ;Demf}tfnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] ;DaGwdf n]vf k/LIf0f

ug{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] s'g} klg n]vfk/LIfs, / Pdl;l; jf ;/sf/af6 sfo{qmdsf] s'g} cfFsng,

k'g/fjnf]sg jf d"NofÍg ug{sf nflu lgo'Qm ul/Psf] s'g} Ph]G6 jf k|ltlglwnfO{, Pdl;l; ljQLo

Joj:yfåf/f cf+lzs jf k"0f{ ?kdf ljQ pknAw u/fOPsf] ;'ljwf, ;DklQ, tyf lqmofsnfkx¿sf]

n]vfk/LIf0f, k'g/fjnf]sg, d"NofÍg jf lg/LIf0f ug]{ cg'dlt lbg] jf pknAw u/fpg]5 .

bkmf #=* n]vfk/LIf0f, k'g/fjnf]sg=

-s_ ;/fsf/L n]vfk/LIf0f= kIfx¿n] lnlvt ?kdf cGoyf ;xdlt u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s,

;/sf/n] k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] cjlwsf] cGTo;Dd sDtLdf cw{jflif{s ?kdf, o; ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/

ePb]lv ;f] kl5sf] ;]K6]Da/ #) jf dfr{ #!, h'g cufl8 x'G5, ;f] ;dofjlw ;dfj]z x'g] u/L tyf ;f]

kZrft\ ;]K6]Da/ #) jf dfr{ #! ;Ddsf] k|To]s cw{ jflif{s cjlwsf] nflu Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfsf]

ljQLo n]vfk/LIf0f, ug]{, jf u/fpg] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm, Pdl;l;sf] cg'/f]wdf, ;/sf/n] pQm

n]vfk/LIf0f Pdl;l;n] lgo'Qm u/]sf] tyf dxflg/LIfsn] :jLs[t u/]sf] :yfgLo n]vfk/LIfsx¿sf] ;"rLdf

;"rLs[t :jtGq n]vfk/LIfsaf6 jf dxflg/LIfsn] hf/L tyf ;do ;dodf ;+zf]wg u/]sf] Pdl;l;sf

ldn]lgod Rofn]Gh skf]{/];gsf pQ/bfoL lgsfox¿n] ljQLo n]vfk/LIf0f ;Demf}tf ug]{ lgb]{lzsf -“n]vf

k/LIf0f lgb]{lzsf”_ adf]lhd 5gf}6 ul/Psf] ;+o'Qm /fHo cjl:yt dfGotf k|fKt ;fj{hlgs n]vfÍg ug]{

kmd{af6 ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{5 . n]vfk/LIf0f lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd tyf dxflg/LIfssf] u'0f:t/ k|Tofe"lt

lg/LIf0fsf] cwLgdf /xL n]vfk/LIf0f ul/g]5 . k|To]s n]vfk/LIf0f ;DkGg u/L pko'Qm n]vfk/LIf0f cjlw

9

;dfKt ePsf] a9Ldf () lbgleq jf kIfx¿ aLr lnlvt ;xdlt eP adf]lhdsf] cGo cjlwleq

Pdl;l;nfO{ n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 . k|:t't bkmf #=* -s_ df pNn]v eP

adf]lhdsf] zt{n] g]kfnsf] dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfof{nonfO{ Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ /f]s

nufpg]] 5}g .

-v_ cGo lgsfosf] n]vfk/LIf0f= ;/sf/n] -!_ ;/sf/ jf s'g} k|bfos tyf ;+o'Qm /fHosf]

u}/gfkmfd"ns ;+:yf aLr x'g] Pdl;l;åf/f ljQ pknAw u/fpg] ;Demf}tfx¿df To:tf] ;+o'Qm /fHosf]

u}/gfkmfd"ns ;+:yfn] ;+o'Qm /fHosf] Joj:yfkg tyf ah]6 sfof{non] hf/L u/]sf] o"lgkmd{

P8ldlg:6«]l6e l/Sjfo/d]G6\;, s:6 lk|lG;kN; P08 cl86 l/Sjfo/d]G6\; km/ km]8/n cjf8{\;df /x]sf

k|rlnt n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL zt{x¿sf] cwLgdf /xL n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg], -@_ ;/sf/ jf s'g} ;]jf

k|bfos tyf ;+o'Qm /fHosf] gfkmfd"ns ;+:yf aLr x'g] Pdl;l;åf/f ljQ pknAw u/fpg] ;Demf}tfx¿df

To:tf] ;+o'Qm /fHosf] gfkmfd"ns ;+:yfn], Pdl;l; / ;/sf/n] lnlvt ?kdf cGoyf ;xdlt u/]sf]

cj:yfdf afx]s, ;+o'Qm /fHosf] ;Da4 ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 ;/sf/L af6 n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg], tyf -#_

;/sf/ jf s'g} ;]jf k|bfos tyf u}/ ;+o'Qm /fHodf ;d]l6Psf k|bfos aLr x'g] Pdl;l;åf/f ljQ

pknAw u/fpg] ;Demf}tfx¿df] u}/ ;+o'Qm /fHodf ;d]l6Psf k|bfosn] n]vfk/LIf0f lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd

n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg] zt{ pNn]v ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{5 .

-u_ ;'wf/fTds sfo{= ;/sf/n] ;d]l6Psf k|To]s k|bfosnfO{ -!_ n]vfk/LIf0fsf] k|To'Q/df,

cfjZos k/]df, pko'Qm tyf ;fdlos ;'wf/fTds sfo{x¿ canDag ul/Psf], -@_ ;d]l6Psf k|bfossf]

n]vfk/LIf0faf6 ;/sf/sf] clen]vx¿df ;dfof]hg ug{ cfjZos ePdf ;f]sf] canDag ul/Psf] tyf

-#_ cfjZostf cg';f/ To:tf] k|bfossf clen]v tyf ljQLo ljj/0fdf :jtGq n]vfk/LIfsnfO{ kx'Frsf

nflu cg'dlt lbOPsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ ;jf]{Qd k|oTg ug]{5 .

-3_ Pdl;l;åf/f n]vfk/LIf0f= Pdl;l;nfO{ ;/sf/åf/f Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfsf]

pkof]usf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .

-ª_ n]vfk/LIf0f, k'g/fjnf]sg jf d"NofÍgsf] nfut= o; ;Demf}tf cGtu{t cfjZos kg]{

n]vfk/LIf0f, k'g/fjnf]sg jf d"NofÍgsf] nflu Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfaf6 vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

wf/f $=

;~rf/

bkmf $=! ;~rf/=

k|:t't ;Demf}tf cGtu{t s'g} Ps kIfn] csf]{ kIfnfO{ k]z ug]{ jf dfu ug]{ s'g} sfuhkq jf ;~rf/

lnlvt ?kdf tyf, Pdl;l;;Fu cGoyf ;xdt ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s, c+u|]hLdf x'g]5 . o:tf ;a}

sfuhkq jf ;~rf/ k|To]s kIfsf] b]xfo adf]lhd pNn]v ul/Psf] 7]ufgf jf lnlvt ;"rgfdf csf]{

kIfnfO{ tf]s] adf]lhdsf] To:tf] cGo 7]ufgfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

10

;/sf/nfO{M

cy{ dGqfno

Wofgfsif{0fM >L cy{ ;lrj

-af]wfy{– ;x;lrj, cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s ;xfotf, ;dGjo dxfzfvf_

l;+xb/af/

sf7df8f}+

g]kfn

ˆofS;M +(&&–!–$@!!!^!

6]lnkmf]gM+(&&–!–$@!!!^$

O{d]nM [email protected]

Pdl;l;nfO{M

ldn]lgod Rofn]Gh skf]{/];g

Wofgfsif{0fM pkfWoIf, sDKofS6 ck/]zG;

-jf]wfy{–pkfWoIf / hg/n sfpG;n_

!)((, kmf]l6{Gy l:6«6 Pg 8An'

jflz+u6g, l8l; @)))%

;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf

ˆofS;M +! -@)@_ %@!–#&))

6]lnkmf]gM+! -@)@_ %@!–#&))

O{d]nM [email protected] (pkfWoIf, sDKofS6 ck/]zG;)

[email protected] (pkfWoIf / hg/n sfpG;n)

bkmf $=@ k|ltlglw=

k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] ;a} k|of]hgsf] nflu, ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf], cy{

dGqLsf] ?kdf sfo{/t, jf ;f] kbdf axfn /x]sf] JolQm, tyf Pdl;l;sf] k|ltlglwTj Pdl;l;sf]

pkfWoIf–sDKofS6 ck/]zG;sf] ?kdf sfo{/t, jf ;f] kbdf axfn /x]sf] JolQm, -k|To]snfO{ o;kl5

“k|d'v k|ltlglw” elgPsf]_ n] ug]{5g\ . k|To]s kIfn], csf]{ kIfnfO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbO{, Ps jf a9L

k|ltlglwx¿ -k|To]snfO{, “cltl/Qm k|ltlglw” elgPsf]_ bkmf ^=@ -s_ afx]ssf] ;Demf}tfsf] ;a}

k|of]hgsf] nflu lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;/sf/n] o; ;Demf}tfaf6 Pdl;P–g]kfnsf efjL sfo{sf/L

lgb]{zsnfO{ cltl/Qm k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf lgo'Qm u/]sf] 5 . Pdl;l;n] o;/L ;xfos pkfWoIf, sDKofS6

ck/]zG; ljefu, o'/f]k, Plzof, Kofl;lkms tyf Nofl6g cd]l/sfnfO{ cltl/Qm k|ltlglwsf] ?kdf lgo'Qm

u/]sf] 5 . Ps kIfn] csf]{ kIfnfO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbP/ cfˆgf] k|d'v k|ltlglwnfO{ ;f]xL kb jf ;f] eGbf

pRr kb:y gofF k|ltlglwdf kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg]5 .

mailto:[email protected]



11

bkmf $=# x:tfIf/= k|:t't ;Demf}tf tyf o; ;Demf}tfsf] s'g} ;+zf]wgdf x'g] x:tfIf/ ;f]xL k[i7df jf

cfbfg k|bfg x'g] kq jf s"6gLlts kqdf ul/g] x:tfIf/ x'g]5 .

wf/f %

cGToÙ lgnDagÙ ;dflKt

bkmf %=! cGToÙ lgnDag=

-s_ Ps kIfn] csf]{ kIfnfO{ #) lbgsf] lnlvt k"j{ ;"rgf lbO{ k"0f{?kdf lagf s'g} sf/0f of]

;Demf}tf cGTo ug{ ;Sg]5 . Pdl;l;n] ;/sf/nfO{ #) lbgsf] lnlvt k"j{ ;"rgf lbO{ cf+lzs ?kdf lagf

s'g} sf/0f of] ;Demf}tf jf Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf cGTo ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-v_ Pdl;l;åf/f lgnDag jf cGTosf] cfwf/sf] ?kdf klxrfg ul/Psf] -;/sf/nfO{ lnlvt

?kdf ;"lrt ul/Psf]_ s'g} kl/l:ylt ;[hgf ePdf Pdl;l;n] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbO{

tTsfn k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf k|:t't ;Demf}tf jf Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf / o;;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} klg

bfloTj cGTo jf lgnDag ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] kl/l:yltdf b]xfosf] kl/l:ylt ;d]t ;dfj]z x'g]5M

-!_ k|:t't ;Demf}tf ;/sf/n] ;DkGg u/]sf] cGo s'g} ;Demf}tf jf Joj:yf

cGtu{tsf cfˆgf bfloTjx¿ kl/kfng ug{ ;/sf/ c;kmn ePdfÙ

-@_ k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] cjlwdf s'g} 36gf jf 36gfqmdx¿ 36]sf] sf/0fn]

;Demf}tf cjlwdf s'g} klg kl/of]hgf p2]Zox¿ k|fKt gx'g] jf ;/sf/n] k|:t't ;Demf}tf

cGtu{tsf cfˆgf bfloTjx¿ Kl/kfngf ug{ g;Sg] ePdfÙ

-#_ Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfsf] pkof]u jf k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] lg/Gt/ sfof{Gjog

jf sfo{qmdn] jt{dfg jf eljiodf nfu" x'g] k|rlnt sfg"g jf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf]

;/sf/sf] gLlt pNn‹g u/]dfÙ

-$_ ;/sf/ jf Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf k|fKt ug]{ jf sfo{qmdsf] ;DklQ k|of]u ug]{

s'g} JolQm jf lgsfo ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] /fli6«o ;'/Iff lxt ljkl/tsf lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg

ePdfÙ

-%_ ljb]zL ;xfotf P]g, !(^! (Foreign Assistance Act of 1961) ;+zf]lwt

?kdf (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq._, sf] efu ! cg';f/] ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfaf6 k|fKt x'g]

cfly{s ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L s'g} sfo{ ul/Pdf jf s'g} csd{0otf ePdf jf

s'g} 36gf 36]dfÙ

-^_ Pdl;P P]g cGtu{t ;xfotfsf] nflu g]kfnsf] of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ug{ k|of]u

ePsf dfkb08;Fu c;Ët x'g] lsl;dsf lqmofsnfkdf ;/sf/ ;+nUg ePdfÙ tyf

-&_ ;/sf/ jf Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf k|fKt ug]{ jf sfo{qmd ;DklQ k|of]u ug]{

s'g} JolQm jf lgsfo nfu"cf}ifw ck/fwdf bf]ifL ePsf] kfOPdf jf nfu"cf}ifw cf];f/k;f/df

;+nUg ePsf] kfOPdf .

bkmf %=@ cGTo, lgnDag, jf ;dflKtsf] kl/0ffd=

-s_ bkmf %=! -s_ adf]lhd ;Demf}tf ;dfKt ePsf] cj:yfdf csf]{ kIf;Fu c;n

ljZjf;sf ;fy k/fdz{ ug{] k|oTg ug]{ s'/fdf kIfx¿ ;xdt ePsf 5g\ .

12

-v_ Pdl;l;n] g]kfn ;/sf/ jf cGo ;Da4 JolQm jf lgsfo h'g cj:yfsf] sf/0fn]]

Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf lgnDag jf cGTo ug'{ k/]sf] xf] To:tf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{ k|lta4 /x]sf] egL

lgwf{/0f u/]df lgnDag jf cGTo ul/Psf] k|:t't ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf Pdl;l;n]

k'ga{xfnL ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-u_ k|:t't ;Demf}tf jf Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf lgnDag jf cGTo

ePdf jf ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePdf, lgnDag kZrft\, cGTo kZrft\ jf ;dflKt kZrftsf]

Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf, cGo e"Qmflg tyf sfo{qmd ;DklQsf] k|aGwsf ;DaGwdf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog

;Demf}tfsf] bkmf $=@ nfu" x'g]5 . k|:t't ;Demf}tf, Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog

;Demf}tf jf cGo s'g} k"/s ;Demf}tfsf] lgnDag jf cGTo gul/Psf] c+z eg] k"0f{ ?kdf k|efjsf/L tyf

sfof{Gjogdf /xg]5 .

bkmf %=# lkmtf{, pNn+3g=

-s_ s'g} Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf, To;sf] s'g} Aofh jf cfh{g, jf s'g} sfo{qmd ;DklQsf]

k|of]u o; ;Demf}tfsf] zt{ ljkl/tsf] s'g} k|of]hgdf ePdf, Pdl;l;n] ;/sf/nfO{ b'?kof]u ul/Psf]

Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf, Aofh, cfh{g jf ;DklQdf Aofh yk u/L x'g cfpg] /sd cd]l/sL 8n/df

Pdl;l;sf] /sd lkmtf{ ug]{ cg'/f]w kfPsf] #) lbgleq Pdl;l;nfO{ lkmtf{ ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 .

;/sf/n] To:tf] e'QmfgLsf] nflu Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf, To;sf] cfh{g jf sfo{qmd ;DklQ k|of]u ug{]

5}g .

-v_ k|:t't ;Demf}tfdf cGo h'g;'s} Joj:yf ul/Psf] jf cGoyf Joj:yf x'g] u/L cGo s'g}

;Demf}tf ul/Psf] eP tfklg, Pdl;l;sf] bkmf %=# -s_ cGtu{tsf] lkmtf{ kfpg] clwsf/ o; ;Demf}tfsf]

cjlw el/ / -!_ tTkZrft\ kfFr jif{sf] cjlw, jf -@_ Pdl;l;n] To:tf] pNn+3gsf] ;DaGwdf oyfy{

hfgsf/L k|fKt u/] kZrft\ Ps -!_ jif{sf] cjlw dWo] h'g kl5 x'G5 To:tf] cjlwe/ sfod /lx/xg]5 .

bkmf %=$ l9nf] e'QmfgLdf Aofh= g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|:t't ;Demf}tf jf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tf

cGtu{t e'QmfgL ug'{kg]{ s'g} /sd -bkmf @=* -u_ tyf %=#-s_ cGtu{tsf] /sd ;d]t_ e'QmfgL ug{

c;kmn ePdf, To:tf] e'QmfgL x'g afFsL /sddf Aofh e'Qmfg ul/g]5 . To:tf] e'QmfgL x'g afFsL

/sddf To; avt k|rngdf /x]sf] ;+o'Qm /fHo 6«]h/Lsf] s/]06 Eofn' ckm kmG8\; /]6 a/fa/ Aofh ;f]

/sd e'QmfgL ug{'kg]{ ldltb]lv k"0f{ ?kdf e'QmfgL geP;Ddsf] #^) lbgsf] Ps jif{ dfgL b}lgs ?kdf

lx;fa ul/g]5 . o:tf] s'g} e'QmfgL ;j{k|yd aSof}tf Aofh jfkt / Aofhsf] aSof}tf /sd k"0f{ ?kdf

r'Qmf eP kZrft, afFsL ;fFjf jfkt e'QmfgLnfO{ hDdf ul/g]5 .

bkmf %=% sfod /xg]= ;/sf/sf o; bkmf tyf bkmf @=&, @=*, #=@-r_, #=&, #=*, %=@, %=#, %=$ tyf

^=$ cGtu{tsf lhDd]jf/Lx¿ k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] ;dflKt, lgnDag jf cGTo kl5 klg sfod

/lx/xg]]5g\ . t/ bkmf @=* sf zt{x¿ k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] ;dflKt kl5 !@) lbg;Ddsf nflu dfq nfu"

x'g]5g\ .

wf/f ^=

;Demf}tfsf cg';"rLx¿, ;+zf]wg, nfu" x'g] sfg"g

bkmf ^=! cg';"rL= k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf k|To]s cg';"rL o; ;Demf}tfsf cleGg c+u x'g\, / :ki6 ?kdf

cGoyf pNn]v u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s“cg';"rL”sf] p¢/0fsf] cy{ o;} ;Demf}tfsf] cg';"rL xf] .

13

bkmf ^=@ ;+zf]wg / kl/dfh{g=

-s_ kIfx¿n] lnlvt ;Demf}tfåf/f dfq k|:t't ;Demf}tfdf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . To:tf]

;Demf}tf s;/L nfu" x'G5 eGg] Joj:yf ;f]xL ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/g]5 .

-v_ pkbkmf -s_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg, x:tfIf/ ePkl5 nfu" x'g] ;/sf/

tyf Pd;L;L aLr lnlvt ;Demf}tf u/LM -!_ s'g} kl/of]hgf, jf lqmofsnfk lgnDag, cGTo jf

kl/dfh{g ug{, -@_ cg';"rL @ df pNn]v ul/sf] ljQLo Joj:yfsf] ljlgof]hgnfO{ kl/jt{g ug{, -#_

cg';"rL ! df JofVof ul/Psf] sfof{Gjogsf] 9fFrf kl/dfh{g ug{, -$_ Pdl;l;sf] cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg

-Pd P08 O{_ gLlt adf]lhd cg';"rL # df pNn]v ul/Psf s'g} ;"rs, cfwf/ /]vf, jf nIo jf cGo s'g}

hfgsf/L yk ug{, kl/dfh{g ug{ jf x6fpg, -%_ cg';"rL $ df pNn]v ul/Psf s'g} k|f/lDes zt{ yk

ug{, x6fpg jf 5'6 lbg, jf -^_ cg';"rL & df pNn]v ul/Psf Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfnfO{ s/af6 d'Qm

ug]{ ;+oqnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug{ s'g} klg cg';"rL ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg] s'/fdf kIfx¿ ;xdt ePsf 5g\Ù t/

o:tf] ;+zf]wg, k|To]s cj:yfdf, -!_ j:t'ut ?kdf kl/of]hgf p2]Zox¿ cg'?k, -@_ bkmf @=! df

pNn]lvt s'n /sddf -bkmf @=@ -ª_ sf] k|rng adf]lhd kl/dfh{g eP adf]hd_ sfo{qmd ljQLo

Joj:yf eGbf clws gx'g]], -#_ ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] /sd bkmf @=@-s_df tf]lsPsf] s'n /sd eGbf

clws gx'g], -$_ bkmf @=^ -s_ cGtu{t ;/sf/sf] pQ/bfloTj tyf cfjZos ;|f]tsf] of]ubfg g36fpg],

tyf -%_ ;Demf}tf cjlw gnDAofpg] lsl;dsf] x'g' kb{5 .

-u_ bkmf ^=@ -v_ adf]lhd s'g} cg';"rLdf s'g} ;+zf]wgsf] nflu ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf s'g}

yk cfGtl/s cfjZostfsf] kfngf jf yk k|s[of -s'g} ;+;bLo k|s[of ;d]t_ k"/f gul/sg} ;DkGg ug{

;Sg]5 eGg] kIfx¿sf] a'emfO{ /x]sf] 5 .

bkmf ^=# aflemPdf nfu" x'g] Joj:yf=

-s_ s'g} klg cg';"rL tyf ! b]lv * ;Ddsf wf/f aflemPdf jf k/:k/ c;Ët ePdf nfu"

x'g] xb;Dd To:tf] wf/f !–* nfu" x'g]5g\, jf

-v_ sfo{qmdsf ;DaGwdf k|:t't ;Demf}tf / cGo s'g} ;Demf}tf aflemPdf jf k/:k/

c;Ët ePdf k|:t't ;Demf}tf nfu" x'g]5 .

bkmf ^=$ nfu" x'g] sfg"g= k|:t't ;Demf}tf Ps cGt/f{li6«o ;Demf}tf xf] / ;f]xL cg'?k of] ;Demf}tfsf

xsdf cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gsf l;4fGtx¿ nfu" x'g]5g\ .

bkmf ^=% yk Joj:yfx¿= k|:t't ;Demf}tf cGtu{t jf ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;Dkflbt jf u|x0f ul/Psf,

jf ;Dkfbg jf u|x0f x'g] s'g} klg lqmofsnfk, bfloTj jf clwsf/sf] ;Gbe{ jf To:t} efiffn] k|:t't

;Demf}tf tyf sfo{qmd;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} klg ;Demf}tf, b:tfj]h jf lnvt cGtu{t ;Dkflbt jf u|x0f

ul/Psf jf ;Dkfbg jf u|x0f x'g] lqmofsnfk, bfloTj jf clwsf/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .

bkmf ^=^ Pdl;l; j]a;fO6sf] p¢/0f= k|:t't ;Demf}tf, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tf jf o; ;Demf}tfsf

;DaGwdf ul/Psf cGo s'g} k"/s ;Demf}tfdf Pdl;l; j]a;fO6df k|sfzg u/L ;"lrt ul/Psf] jf

pknAw b:tfj]h tyf hfgsf/Lsf] ;Gbe{n] ;do ;dodf Pdl;l; j]a;fO6df cBfjlws jf k|lt:yfkg

ul/Psf] To:tf] b:tfj]h jf hfgsf/LnfO{ hgfPsf] dflgg]5 .

14

bkmf ^=& sfg"g, lgod, gLlt jf lgb]{lzsfsf] ;Gbe{, ;Demf}tfsf] ;dflKt tyf cGTosf] ;Gbe{=

-s_ k|:t't ;Demf}tf, lkcfO{P jf k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf ;DaGwdf ;DkGg ul/Psf] cGo s'g}

;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] s'g} sfg"g, lgod, gLlt, lgb]{lzsf jf To:t} b:tfj]hsf] k|To]s ;Gbe{n]

;do ;dodf ;+zf]lwt, kl/dflh{{t, k'g:yf{lkt jf lj:tfl/t To:tf sfg"g, lgod, gLlt, lgb]{lzsf jf

To:t} b:tfj]h tyf tL sfg"g, lgod, gLlt, lgb]{lzsf jf ;dfg b:tfj]h cGtu{t hf/L ul/Psf jf

cGoyf nfu" x'g] jf ;f];Fu ;DalGwt s'g} klg sfg"g, lgod, gLlt, lgb]{lzsf jf To:t} b:tfj]h

;d]tnfO{ hgfPsf] dflgg]5 .

-v_ k|:t't ;Demf}tf, lkcfO{P jf k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf ;DaGwdf ;DkGg ul/Psf] cGo s'g}

;Demf}tfdf, ;Demf}tfsf] “;dflKt” sf] k|To]s ;Gbe{n], k|:t't ;Demf}tf cufl8 g} cGTo gePsf]df,

;Demf}tf cjlw, h'g bkmf &=$ adf]lhd k|:t't ;Demf}tf nfu" eP kZrft\ kfFr jif{ x'g]5, ;dfKt x'g]

ldltnfO{ hgfpg]5 . plNnlvt b:tfj]hdf ;Demf}tfsf] “cGTo” sf] k|To]s ;Gbe{n] bkmf %=! adf]lhd

;Demf}tf ;dflKt x'g' k"j{ g} ;Demf}tf nfu" x'g 5f]8]sf] cj:yfnfO{ hgfpg]5 .

bkmf ^=* Pdl;l;sf] x}l;ot=

Pdl;l; k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] tkm{af6 sfo{/t ;+o'Qm /fHo

cd]l/sfsf] ;/sf/L lgud xf] . k|:t't ;Demf}tf cGtu{t s'g} klg lqmofsnfk jf csd{0otfaf6 pTkGg

x'g] s'g} klg xflg jf bfjL k|lt Pdl;l; tyf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfn] bfloTj jxg ub}{g . ;/sf/n]

Pdl;l; jf ;+o'Qm /fHo ;/sf/ jf Pdl;l; jf ;+o'Qm /fHo ;/sf/sf s'g} jt{dfg jf lgjt{dfg

clwsf/L jf sd{rf/L lj?¢ k|:t't ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf lqmofsnfk jf csd{0otfaf6 pTkGg x'g ;Sg]

s'g} klg xflg, gf]S;fgL, rf]6k6s jf d[To' ;DaGwL s'g} jf ;Dk"0f{ bfjLx¿ kl/Tofu u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n]

plNnlvt s'g} klg lgsfosf lj?¢ To:tf] xfgL, gf]S;fgL, rf]6k6s jf d[To'sf ;DaGwdf s'g} k|sf/sf]

bfjL jf sfg"gL k|s[of cjnDag gug]{ s'/fdf ;xdlt hgfPsf] 5 . k|:t't ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf

lqmofsnfk jf csd{0otfaf6 pTkGg x'g] s'g} xflg jf bfjLsf ;DaGwdf Pdl;l; tyf ;+o'Qm /fHo

;/sf/ jf Pdl;l; jf ;+o'Qm /fHo ;/sf/sf s'g} jt{dfg jf e"tk"j{ clwsf/L jf sd{rf/Lx¿ g]kfnsf

s'g} klg cbfnt tyf Gofoflws/0fsf] If]qflwsf/af6 pGd'Qm /xg] 5g\ egL ;/sf/n] ;xdt ePsf] 5 .

wf/f &=

;Demf}tf nfu" x'g]

bkmf &=! cfGtl/s zt{= k|:t't ;Demf}tf nfu" ug{ cfjZos cfGtl/s zt{x¿ k"/f ug{ ;/sf/n] ;dod}

z'?jft ug]{5 . k|:t't ;Demf}tf nfu" eP kZrft\ k|:t't ;Demf}tf / g]kfnsf] /fli6«o sfg"g aflemPdf

k|:t't ;Demf}tf nfu" x'g]5 eGg] kIfx¿sf] a'emfO{ 5 .

bkmf &=@ nfu" x'gsf nflu k"j{ zt{x¿= o; ;Demf}tf nfu" x'g' k"j{M

-s_ kIfx¿åf/f sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ul/Psf] x'g' kb{5,

-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Pdl;l;nfO{ b]xfosf b:tfj]hx¿ pknAw u/fPsf] x'g' kb{5M

-!_ ;/sf/sf] k|d'v k|ltlglw jf Pdl;l;nfO{ :jLsfo{ ;/sf/af6 l/tk"j{s clVtof/L k|fKt

k|ltlglwn] ;Demf}tf nfu" ug{ cfjZos cfGtl/s zt{x¿ k"/f u/]sf] / ;Demf}tf nfu" x'gsf] nflu lglb{i6

ul/Psf] bkmf &=@ adf]lhdsf k"j{ zt{x¿ k"/f ul/Psf] hfgsf/L;lxt ldlt pNn]v u/L ;lx5fk u/]sf]

kq,

15

-@_ Pdl;l;nfO{ lrQ a'em\g] 9fFrf tyf ?kdf g]kfnsf] sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqL -jf

Pdl;l;nfO{ :jLsfo{ ;/sf/sf] cGo sfg"gL k|ltlglwn]_ ;lx5fk u/]sf] sfg"gL /fo,

-#_ k|:t't ;Demf}tfnfO{ nfu" ug{ cfjZos kg]{ cfGtl/s cfjZostf;Fu ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{

cfb]z, sfg"g, lgodfjnL jf cGo ;/sf/L sfuhftsf] k"0f{ k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlkx¿, h;nfO{ Pdl;l;n]

cfˆgf] j]a;fO6df k|sflzt ug]{ jf cGo tj/n] ;fj{hlgs ?kdf pknAw u/fpg ;Sg]5 .

u_ Pdl;l;n] k|:t't ;Demf}tf nfu" x'Fbfsf avt, Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfsf] of]Uotf

dfkb08nfO{ pNn‹g x'g] lsl;dsf >[+vnfa4 lqmofsnfkdf ;/sf/ ;+nUg /x]sf]] egL lgwf{/0f gu/]sf]

x'g'k5{Ù /

3_ cg';"rL % df plNnlvt cj:yfx¿ k"/f ePsf] x'g'k5{ .

bkmf &=# ;Demf}tf nfu" x'g] ldlt= Pdl;l;n] k|:t't ;Demf}tf cfbfg k|bfg x'g] kqsf] 9fFrfdf Pdl;l; /

;/sf/n] ;Demf}tfnfO{ nfu" u/fpg cfkm\gf cfGtl/s cfjZostfx¿ k"/f ul/;s]sf] / bkmf &=@ df

plNnlvt ;Demf}tf nfu" x'gsf] nflu cfjZos k"j{zt{x¿ Pdl;l;sf] ;Gt'li6 adf]lhd k"/f ePsf] k'li6

ub}{] ;/sf/nfO{ k|]lift u/]sf] kqsf] ldlt b]lv nfu" x'g]5 .

bkmf &=$ ;Demf}tf cjlw= bkmf %=! adf]lhd cufj} cGTo gul/Pdf k|:t't ;Demf}tf nfu" ePsf]

ldltb]lv kfFr jif{sf] cjlw -“;Demf}tf cjlw”_;Dd axfn /xg]5 .

bkmf &=% c:yfoL ?kdf nfu" x'g]= k|:t't ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ePkl5 / bkmf &=# adf]lhd k|:t't

;Demf}tf nfu" geP;Dd, kIfx¿n] k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf zt{x¿ c:yfoL ?kdf nfu" ug]{5g\ . t/ k|:t't

;Demf}tf nfu" x'g' cufj} sDKofS6 l;l8Pkm afx]s cGo Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf -/sd_ pknAw x'g] jf

e'QmfgL ul/g] 5}g .

bkmf *=

cltl/Qm ;/sf/L k|lt1f

bkmf *=! ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgf ;DaGwL k|lt1fM ;/sf/n] k|:t't ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos

;Dk"0f{ hUuf clwu|x0f, :ynkx'Fr / jg If]q k|of]u ;DaGwL :jLs[ltsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ ;DalGwt ;/sf/L

lgsfox¿sf] k"0f{ tyf zL3| ;xof]u ;dod} tyf Pd;L;Lsf] gLlt cg's"n x'g] u/L pknAw ePsf]

;'lglZrt ug]{5 .

x:tfIf/ k[i7 o;kl5 csf]{ k[i7df /x]sf] 5

16

h;sf] k|df0f:j?k k|To]s kIfn] cfkm"n] l/tk"j{s clVtof/L lbPsf] k|ltlglw dfkm{t o;

;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf 5g\ .

O{lt ;Djt\ ;g\ @)!& ;fn ;]K6]Da/ !$ ljlxaf/sf lbg jfl;Ë6g l8=;L= zx/df, c+u]|hL

efiffdf ;DkGg ePsf] .

;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] tkm{af6

cy{ dGqfno

÷b=÷

======================================

gfdM 1fg]Gb| axfb'/ sfsL{

kbM cy{ dGqL

;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] tkm{af6

ldn]lgod Rofn]Gh skf]{/];g

÷b=÷

======================================

gfdM hf]gfyg lh= gfz

kbM k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t -sfodd'sfod_

17

cg';"rL !

sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f

o; cg';"rL ! n] ;Demf}tf cjlwe/ g]kfndf Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfn]] ;dy{g ug]{ sfo{qmdsf] JofVof

ub{5 .

-s_ sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f

!= k[i7e"ld tyf k/fdz{d"ns k|s[of=

-s_ k[i7e"ld=

;g\ !((^ b]lv @))^ ;Ddsf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tf kZrft\ Pdl;l;sf] kf]nL;L O{lG8s]6/ -gLlt ;"rs_

df g]kfnsf] pNn]vgLo kl/0ffdsf] cfwf/df Pdl;l;sf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] g]kfnnfO{ Ps y|];xf]N8

sfo{qmdsf] ljsf;sf] nflu z'?jftL cj:yfdf ;g\ @)!! Dff 5gf}6 u/]sf] lyof] . y|];xf]N8 sfo{qmd

lglZrt x'g' cl3 ;g\ @)!$ df Pdl;l;sf] ;~rfns ;ldltn] ;Demf}tf ljsf; ug{sf] nflu g]kfnnfO{

5gf}6 u¥of] . o;/L 5gf}6 ug]{ lg0f{o ubf{ Pdl;l;n] g]kfnsf] ljlwsf] zf;g / nf]stflGqs

lgsfox¿sf] :yfkgf ug]{ g]kfnsf] k|oTgnfO{ pNn]v ub}{ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf / blIf0f Pl;ofsf] ;fd'

/fhg}lts ?kn] l:y/ / a9\bf] cy{tGq g]kfnsf] dxTjnfO{ phfu/ u¥of] . g]kfnnfO{ ;Demf}tf ljsf; ug{

5flgPsf] s]xL ;dod} y]|;xf]N8 sfo{qmdsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf cj/f]w ljZn]if0f, s]xL phf{ tyf

oftfoftsf gLltx¿ / ;+:yfut ljZn]if0f nufotsf clwsf+z sfo{x¿ ;DkGg eP / tt\ kZrft

;Demf}tfsf] ljsf; ug{ ltgsf] k|of]u ul/of] .

;g\ @)!$ l8;]Da/b]lv g} klxrfg ul/Psf g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf s]xL jfwf tyf cj/f]wx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg

ub}{ ;Demf}tf ljsf; ug]{ sfo{df Pdl;l; / g]kfn ;/sf/n] hf]8 lbP . cGttM ljleGg lghL If]q,

gful/s ;dfh / ljsf; ;fem]bf/x¿;+usf] k/fdz{ tyf 5nkmn kZrft Pdl;l; / g]kfn ;/sf/

cGttf]uTjf g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf b'O{ cj/f]wx¿– ljB'tsf] ckof{Kttf / oftfoft If]qsf]] dx+uL -xfO s:6_

;Daf]wg ug]{ ljifodf hf]8 lbg ;xdt eP .

ckof{Kt cfk"lt{sf] c;/sf] sf/0fn] g]kfnn] blIf0f Pl;ofdf g} ;a}eGbf a9L ljB'tLo cefj vk]sf] lyof]

/ o;} sf/0fn] ubf{ g]kfnsf] ljB't If]qdf ul/g] nufgL ljz]iftM dxTjk"0f{ 5 . ljB'QLo dfunfO{

cfGtl/s ljB't cfk"lt{n] k"lt{{ ug{ g;Sgfn] vf;u/L ;'Vvfofdx¿df nf]8;]l8ª x'g] ub{5 . pTkflbt

ljB'tsf] ljt/0f tyf k|;f/0fdf x'g] pRr txsf] r'xfj6n] ljB'tsf] Go"g cfk"lt{nfO{ yk ;3g agfPsf]

5 . ljB'tLo cefjsf sf/0f ljleGg Jofkfl/s ;+3 ;+:yfx¿n] pNn]Vo dfqfdf h]g]/]6/ / cfofltt

k]6«f]lnod kbfy{x¿df cfˆgf] cfDbfgL vr{g' k/]sf] 5 . t;y{, g]kfnsf] ljB'QLo If]qdf nufgL]

cTofjZos ePsf] xf] .

dx+uf] oftfoftsf ;DaGwdf, g]kfnsf] e"kl/j]li7t / kj{tLo k|s[lt Pjd\ ;Ldf kf/ Jofkf/df g]kfnsf]

lge{/tfsf] sf/0fn] o; cj/f]wn] cfly{s If]qdf pNn]vgLo c;/ kf/]sf] 5 . ;8s dd{t ;Def/df

ckof{Kt ah]6 / ck|efjsf/L, k|fljlws / Joj:yfksLo cEof; ;d:ofsf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;Gbe{df

sfo{qmdn] ;8s dd{t ;Def/df hf]8 lbg]5 .

-v_ k/fdz{ k|s[of

;Demf}tf ljsf; ug{sf] nflu 5gf}6 eP kZrft ;/sf/n] klxrfg ul/Psf cj/f]wx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{

;Demf}tf lgdf{0f ug{] sfo{ z'? u¥of] . ;f] cjlwe/ g} ;/sf/n] cfof]hgfsf] l8hfOg / hf]lvd

Go"gLs/0fdf ltgsf] ;dy{g, ;Nnfx / k[i7kf]if0f k|fKt ug{] clek|fon] gful/s ;dfh, 6«]8 o'lgog,

/fhgLlts bn, ljsf; ;fem]bf/ / ljleGg ;d'bfo;Fu 5nkmn tyf cGt/lqmof u/]sf] lyof] .

18

;Demf}tfdf x'g] k|:tfljt nufgLsf] nflu Jofks /fhgLlts ;dy{g /x]sf] / To;af6 ck]lIft glthf

k|fKt ug{ Pdl;l;n] o'P;P8 (United States Agency for International Development (“USAID”),

United States Department of State, ef/t ;/sf/ / ljleGg ljsf; ;fem]bf/x¿;Fu lgs6 ?kdf sfo{

ub}{ cg';"rL ! adf]lhdsf] nufgLsf] If]q klxrfg u/L ;f]sf] of]hgf tof/ u¥of] .

-@_ sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f tyf nfeu|fxLM

-s_ sfo{qmdsf] ljj/0f

ljsf;sf d'Vo b'O{ cj/f]wx¿ -ckof{Kt ljB't cfk"lt{ / dx+uf] oftfoft_ nfO{ nlIft ub}{ of] sfo{qmd

tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf] phf{ If]qdf b]vf k/]sf ;d:ofx¿sf] k|d'v sf/0f g} ljB't If]qdf nufgL

sd / ckof{Kt x'g' xf] . nufgL ckof{Kt x'gfn] g} cfGtl/s cfk"lt{ ck'u x'g], k|;f/0fsf nflu cfjZos

k"jf{wf/x¿sf] cefjaf6 ;Ldf kf/L lgof{t ug{ s7LgfO x'g] / k|fljlws r'xfj6 w]/} x'g] u/]sf] 5 . t;y{,

o; sfo{qmdn] ljB't pTkfbgdf j[l4 ub{} ljB't cfk"lt{sf] ;d:of Go"gLs/0f ug{ / ef/t;Fu ljB't

Jofkf/sf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ e"ldsf v]Ng]5 . ;du|df o;n] ljB't cfk"lt{df x'g] nf]8;]l8ªnfO{ 36fpg]

/ 3/]n' ljB't pTkfbg j[l4sf ;|f]t tof/ ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] 5 . ;fy}, k|:tfljt k|fljlws ;xsfo{n] o;

If]qdf lghL nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{sf] nflu of]hgf / gLltut jftfj/0f tof/ kfg{ ;xof]u ug]{5 .

e"kl/j]li7t / kxf8L k|s[ltsf] g]kfndf oftfoft dx+uf] x'g'af6 uDeL/ cfly{s c;/ k/]sf] 5 . o;/L

oftfoft dx+uf] x'g'sf] d'Vo sf/0fx¿dWo] ;8s lgdf{0f, dd{t tyf Joj:yfkgdf ckof{Kt nufgL x'g',

eG;f/ / ;Ldfgfsfdf c;xhtf x'g', 6«s Joj;fo ckof{Kt x'g' / ;8ssf] kxF'r gk'Ug' xf] egL lgSof}{n

ug{ ;lsG5 . of] sfo{qmd k|fljlws / Jofj;flos cEof;x¿df ;'wf/ NofO{ ;8ssf] dd{t ;Def/df

nufgL ug{ s]lGb|t x'g]5 . ;f] nufgL ;8s dd{t b:t'/ ;Íng ug{ lhDd]jf/ ;8s ljefu / ;8s

af]8{ g]kfn -“cf/ljPg”_ nfO{ k|bfg ul/g]5, h;n] nufgLsf] k|fyldsLs/0f ug{ ;xof]u ug]{5 .

-v_ nfeu|fxLM

o; sfo{qmdaf6 ;Demf}tfsf] cGTo;Dddf sl/j %) nfv 3/w'/L -@ s/f]8 #) nfv hg;+Vof_ nfO{

b]xfo adf]lhd nfe k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5M

19

kl/of]hgf

Ocf/cf/,

s]Gb|Lo

cg'dfg

Nffeu|fxL -)))_!

Nffeu|fxL hg;+Vof@

3/w'/L JolQmx¿

k|lt lbg @

8n/ eGbf

sd

k|lt lbg @

b]lv $

8n/

k|lt lbg $

8n/ eGbf

a9L

ljB't k|;f/0f

kl/of]hgf

!@Ü %,)#% @@,^%( &Ü #!Ü ^@Ü

;8s dd{t

kl/of]hgf

@(Ü @)% (@% *Ü #(Ü %#Ü

ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfsf nfeu|fxLx¿ g]kfnsf] lu|8df hf]l8Psf 3/w'/Lsf jfl;Gbfx¿ x'g]5g\ .

kl/of]hgfsf] sf/0fn] pgLx¿nfO{ yk ljB't pknAw x'g]5 . ;8s dd{t kl/of]hgfsf nfeu|fxLx¿ eg]

dd{t ug{ 5flgPsf ;8s kg]{ ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf jfl;Gbfx¿ x'g]5g\ .

-v_ kl/of]hgfsf] ljj/0f

Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf k|of]u u/]/ ;/sf/n] ug]{ jf ug{ nufpg] kl/of]hfgx¿sf] ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/

/x]sf] 5 . ;fy}, k|To]s kl/of]hgf cGtu{t ljz]if lqmofsnfk -“lqmofsnfkÆ_ klg ;DkGg ul/g]5 .

!= ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgf

-s_ kl/of]hgf / lqmofsnfksf] ;f/f+z

ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgf -“ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgf”_ sf] k|d'v p2]Zo g]kfnsf] ljB'tLo lu|8df vktsf

nflu ljB'tsf] pknAwtf / ljZj;gLotf a9fO{ ljB'tsf] cfGtl/s cfk"lt{ j[l4 ug'{ xf] . o; p2]Zo k|fKt

ug{sf] nflu Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfn] lgDgfg';f/sf JoonfO{ ;dy{g ug]{5M !_ g]kfnleq pRRf ef]N6]h

k|;f/0fsf] k"jf{wf/ lj:tf/ ug{ k|;f/0f nfOg / g]kfn ef/t ;Ldf kf/ -qm; af]8{/_ k|;f/0f nfOgsf]

lgdf{0f, @_ Pdl;l;sf] sf]ifåf/f ;~rflnt k|;f/0f nfOg;Fu} lgdf{0f ul/g] tLg ;j :6];g, #_ phf{

If]qsf] l:y/tf / Pdl;l;sf] nufgLsf] l:y/tf a9fpgsf] nflu k|bfg ul/g] k|fljlws ;xfotf, / $_

kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs c;/ lgwf{/0f, / ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgf Pdl;l; /

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf dfkb08 cg's"n ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{{ k|bfg ul/g] O{lGhlgol/ª / k|fljlws

lg/LIf0fsf] nflu cfjZos vr{ .

! s]xL nfeu|fxLx¿ ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgf / ;8s dd{t kl/of]hgf b'a}df nfeu|fxL aGg ;S5g\ . t;y{ k|To]s

kl/of]hgfsf nfeu|fxLx¿ hf]8]/ s'n ;Demf}tf nfeu|fxLx¿ cg'dflgt ug{ ;lsFb}g .

@ cfo >]0fLx¿ l:y/ @))% lklklk 8n/df cfwfl/t 5 .

20

-!_ k||;f/0f nfOg ;DaGwL lqmofsnfk

k|;f/0f nfOg lqmofsnfk dfkm{t Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf g]kfnleq 8an ;ls{6 $)) lsnf] ef]N6sf]

nueu #)) lsnf]ld6/ k|;f/0f nfOgsf] lgdf{0fdf k|of]u ul/g]5 . o;df lgDgfg';f/sf v08x¿ kg]{5g\M

!_ sf7df8f}+sf] pQ/k"j{df kg]{ nlK;km]bLb]lv sf7df8f}+sf] klZrddf kg]{ /ftfdf6];Dd @_ /ftfdf6]b]lv

sf7df8f}+sf] blIf0fdf kg]{ x]6f}+8f;Dd, #_ /ftfdf6]b]lv klZrddf bdf}nL;Dd, $_ bdf}nLb]lv blIf0f

klZrd a'6jn;Dd, / %_ a'6jnb]lv ef/tLo ;Ldf;Dd .

-s_ ljsf; ;xlqmofsnfkM k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ug'{sf ;fy} k|;f/0f nfOg

lqmofsnfkn] “j]lglkm6 OlG6u|];g y|' gn]h ;]l/ª P08 ;f];n PS;]K6]G;” ;xlqmofsnfk jf “ljsf;”

nfO{ klg ;d]6\b5 . o; ;xlqmofsnfksf] p2]Zo k|efljt ;d'bfonfO{ k|ToIf kmfObfx¿ lbg] / ljB't

cfk"lt{df ;'wf/ NofO{ tL ;d'bfo;Fu ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . xfn;Ddsf] k|ljlwnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{

k|;f/0f nfOg s'g} ;d'bfo eP/ hfFbf ;f] ;d'bfonfO{ s'g} lsl;dsf] k|ToIf kmfObfx¿ k'u]sf]] b]lvFb}g .

k|ToIf nfe gx'g', hUufsf] lrQ a'em\bf] d'cfAhf glbg'n] g]kfndf k|foM o:tf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] lj/f]w

ub{5g\ . o:tf r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ klxrfg ub}{ ljsf; ;xlqmofsnfkn] ;d'bfonfO{ k'gjf{;sf cltl/Qm klg

;]jf lbg jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgsf cjwf/0ffx¿nfO{ cjnDag ug]{]5 . o;n] ;d'bfonfO{ klg nfe

k'¥ofpFb5 eg] cg'bfgaf6 ;~rflnt sfo{qmdaf6 l;lsPsf kf7 -;d'bfonfO{ ;+nUg ubf{ ljB't k|;f/0f

kl/of]hgfsf] lj/f]w sd x'g] / jfwfx¿ klg sd x'g]_ nfO{ klg c+uLsf/ ub{5 . ;xlqmofsnfksf] clGtd

sfo{If]q eg] ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ eP kZrft\ cfk;L 5nkmnåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . ;DefJo nfe

lx:;]bf/L ;]jfdf ;d'bfonfO{ dfOqmf] xfO8«f] 6jf{Og jf ;f]nf/ kmf]6f]eflNes Kofgn h:tf k|ljlw k|of]u

u/]/ ljh'nL lu|8df / ckm lu|8 ;dfwfgdf hf]8\g] ;d]tsf ;]jf ;dfj]z x'g]5g\ .

-@_ ;a :6];g ;DaGwL lqmofsnfk

of] lqmofsnfk k|;f/0f nfOg lqmofsnfksf ;dk"/s sfo{x¿ dWo]sf] Ps xf] . cfjZostf cg';f/

k|;f/0f ul/g] ef]N6]h 36fpg jf a9fpgsf] nflu tLg j6f ;a :6];g Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf dfkm{t

lgdf{0f ul/g]5g\ . oL ;a :6];gx¿ /ftfdf6], bdf}nL / a'6jndf jf oL zx/x¿ glhs} lgdf{0f

ul/g]5g\ . of] ;Demf}tf eGbf a]Un} klg ;/sf/n] b'O{ j6f ;a :6];gx¿ lgdf{0f ug]{5 h;nfO{ nlK;km]bL

/ x]6f}+8fdf jf tL zx/x¿ glhs} k|;f/0f nfOg sfo{sf] l;nl;nfdf agfOPsf k|;f/0f nfOgdf /x]sf

ljB't k'lnª xj;Fu hf]l8g]5 . t/, nlK;km]bL / x]6f}+8fdf ;/sf/n] lgdf{0f u/]sf ;a :6];gnfO{

;/sf/n] o; sfo{qmddf u/]sf] of]ubfgsf] ?kdf lnOg] 5}g .

-#_ phf{ If]qdf k|fljlws ;xfotf lqmofsnfk

of] lqmofsnfkn] Ps :jtGq ljB't If]q lgofds -ljB't lgodg cfof]u,“Ocf/;L”_ sf] :yfkgf ug]{5

eg] g]kfnsf] phf{ If]qdf kf/blz{tf, bIftf / k|lt:kwf{ Nofpg k|fljlws ;xfotf klg pknAw

u/fpg]5 . Ocf/;Lsf] gLlt lgdf{0f, ljjfb ;dfwfg, cfly{s / k|fljlws ;~rfngdf Ifdtf ljsf; ug{

lj1x¿nfO{ Nofpg Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfsf] k|of]u ul/g]5 . To;}u/L, phf{ dGqfno /÷jf ljB't

ljsf; ljefu;Fu ;dGjo ug{sf] nflu Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L ;Nnfxsf/x¿ /flvg]5g\ . o; sfo{n]

g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f -“g]ljk|f”_ nfO{ k|;f/0fsf] :t/ / l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;xof]u ug]{5 . o;df

s_ l;:6d / dfs]{6 ;~rfngsf] k|lzIf0f, v_ k|;f/0f vr{df x'g] ljQLo Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ ug{

/ u_ bIf hgzlQm ljsf; ug{ k|of]u ul/g]5 . o; sfo{n] ;fdflhs ;d:ofx¿ h:t} ;LdfGts[t

;d'bfosf] ljB'tdf kx'Fr / ;f] ;d'bfon] ljB'tdf ug{ ;Sg] vr{df ;d]t cWoog ug{ ;xof]u ug]{5 .

cGTodf, o; sfo{n] g]ljk|fsf] jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; cWoogdf ;d]t ;xof]u ug]{5 .

21

-$_ sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg / k|fljlws lg/LIf0f lqmofsnfk

sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg / k|fljlws lg/LIf0f lqmofsnfkn] k|;f/0f nfOg / ;a :6];g lqmofsnfkdf ;xof]u

k'¥ofpg]5 . k|:tfljt ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfsf] k"jf{wf/df ug]{ nufgLn] Pdl;l;sf] k|fljlws,

jftfj/0fLo / ;dflhs :t/ sfod ug{sf] nflu cfjZos kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0fLo tyf

;fdflhs c;/ lgwf{/0f tyf Go"gLs/0f / ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfdf x'g] JoonfO{ Pdl;l; ljQLo

Joj:yfn] ;xof]u ug]{5 .

-v_ nfeu|fxL

o; ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfn] g]kfnsf] ;Dk"0f{ lu|8 pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ nfe k'¥ofpg]5 . o; kl/of]hgfn]

g]kfnsf] sDtLdf &@Ü 3/w'/L, hf] lu|8df hf]l8Psf] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5, nfO{ kmfObf k¥'ofpg] cfFsng

ul/Psf] 5 . kl/of]hgfsf] cGTodf g]kfnsf] hg;+Vof # s/f]8 !% nfv /x]sf] v08df %) nfv 3/w'/Ldf

a:g] sl/a @ s/f]8 #) nfv hg;+Vof nfeflGjt x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .

-u_ jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs k|efj Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿

Pdl;l;sf] jftfj/0fLo lgb]{lzsfsf cg';f/ ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfnfO{ s ju{df juL{s/0f ul/Psf]

5 . k|f/lDes d"NofÍgsf cfwf/df cf7 j6f cGt/f{li6«o ljQLo skf]{/];g jftfj/0f tyf ;fdflhs k|ult

dfkb08 (International Finance Corporation Environment and Social Performance Standards)

-“cfOPkm;L kkm{d]G; :6]088{“_ dWo] Pdl;l; jftfj/0fLo lgb]{lzsfdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf ;ftj6f

dfkb08 nfu" x'g]5g\ .

o; ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfsf s]xL ckl/xfo{ jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs c;/x¿ 5g\ h:t} ?v s6fO{,

hUuf clwu|x0f / k'gjf{; . Pdl;l;sf] gLlt cg';f/ ;Dk"0f{ hf]lvdnfO{ pko'Qm Ifltkl"t{ lbO{ jf

;dfwfg jf Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿ cjnDag u/L lgoGq0f ul/g]5 . jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs

kIfnfO{ k|;f/0f nfOg lqmofsnfksf] af6f] -dfu{_ 5gf}6sf] qmddf kl/of]hgf If]qsf ;fdflhs tyf

;+j]bgzLn jftfj/0fLo ljz]iftfdf k'Ug] c;/ lgjf/0f jf Go"gLs/0f ug{ Wofg lbOPsf] 5 . ljB't

k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfn] lgdf{0f z'? ug'{ cl3 cfGtl/s jftfj/0f k|efj d"NofÍg :jLs[lt k|s[of / jg If]q

pkof]u cg'dlt k|lqmof klg k"/f ug]{5 . ljsf; (BIKAS) ;xlqmofsnfkx¿ klg To:tf ljB't k|;f/0f

kl/of]hgfn] k|efj kf/]sf ;d'bfox¿df jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs hf]lvd, c;/ / cj;/x¿nfO{

;Demf}tfsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sf] nflu agfOPsf] jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL dfkm{t

Joj:yfkg ul/g]5 . Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfnfO{ oL jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs c;/ lgwf{/0f,

jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg of]hgf / cGo cfjZos k'gjf{;sf of]hgfdf k|of]u ul/g]5 .

22

-3_ ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f / n}lËs ;+of]hg -PsLs/0f_

ljsf; ;xlqmofsnfk dfkm{t ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfn] pNn]vgLo ;sf/fTds ;fdflhs nfe / kmfObf

k|bfg ug]{5 . nfe ;fem]bf/Lsf] k|d'v p2]Zo eg]sf] ;DalGwt ;d'bfosf] ljB'tsf] dfunfO{ k"/f ug{

agfOPsf k"jf{wf/sf kl/of]hgfx¿sf] nfe ;fem]bf/L ug'{ xf] . ljsf; ;xlqmofsnfkn] k|efljt

;d'bfosf] hg;f+lVos / ;fdflhs kl/l:yltnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ ljB't / cGo ;]jf k|bfg u/L k|efljt

;d'bfosf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ug]]{5 . cg';'rL ! sf] bkmf v=!=s=# n] phf{ If]qdf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f /

n}lËs ;+of]hg -PsLs/0f_ nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ yk sfo{x¿sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

-ª_ bftf;Fusf] ;dGjo

;Demf}tfsf] tdfd ax'jflif{s ljsf;df Pdl;l; / ;/sf/n] ;dfj]zL k|s[ofnfO{ cjnDag u/]sf 5g\ .

h;df ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sL ;/sf/, g]kfnL ;d'bfo, lghL If]qsf d'Vo kfqx¿, u}/;/sf/L lgsfox¿,

cGo bftfx¿ Pj+ ax'kIfLo ;+:yfx¿;Fusf] k/fdz{ ;d]t ;dfj]z 5 . Pdl;l;n] vf;u/L ljZj j}+s /

Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s;Fu ldn]/ oL b'O{ a}+sx¿n] g]kfndf ug]{ cfufdL lqmofsnfkx¿sf] nflu g]kfnsf]

phf{ If]qdf cfjZos ;'wf/x¿ af/] ;dLIff / ;xdlt u/]sf] lyof] . Pdl;l;n] ;+o'Qm clw/fHosf]

cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ljefu -“l8PkmcfO{l8”_ ;Fu klg phf{ If]q ;'wf/sf] nflu /fhgLlts cfly{s

ljZn]if0fsf] tof/Lsf] qmddf ljleGg k6s k/fdz{ u/]sf] lyof] .

-r_ o'P;P8

ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfnfO{ Pdl;l; / o'P;P8aLrsf] cGt/ Ph]G;L ;xof]uaf6 nfe k'Ug]5 . vf;u/L,

Pdl;l;n] ! s/f]8 8n/sf] rfn" k|fljlws ;xof]u sfo{df o'P;P8;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]sf] 5, h;n]

;/sf/sf] lgofds lgsfosf] ;dLIff ug]{ / ;/sf/nfO{ 7"nf hnljB't kl/of]hfgsf] nflu cfly{s

Joj:yfkgdf ;xfotf ug]{5 . o'P;P8sf] ;xfotf ljB'tsf] If]qdf Pdl;l;sf] k|oTgsf] kl/k"/s xf] .

-5_ bLuf]kg

ljB't ahf/df pRr txsf] kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]lxtf / bIftf sfod ug{ lgodgsf/L ;+oGqdf ;'wf/

Nofpg] tyf k|ToIf ?kdf s]lGb|t k|fljlws ;xfotfdf nufgL u/L ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfsf]

bLuf]kgnfO{ clej[l4 ul/g]5 . ;fy}, k|:t't ;Demf}tf cGtu{t k|fKt k|fljlws ;xfotfn] ;/sf/sf]

k|;f/0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;DklQ ;d'lrt ?kdf Joj:yfkg / dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg]]{ nIo

/flvPsf] 5 . e/kbf]{ / ;'ky ljB't cfk"lt{df j[l4 ePdf cfly{s a[l4, /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf, cfodf j[l4,

k|j4{g ug'{sf ;fy} cGttM ul/aL lgjf/0f ug'{k5{ .

23

-h_ gLltut, sfg"gL / lgofds ;'wf/

k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf *=! sf] cltl/Qm kIfx¿n] lgDgfg';f/sf gLltut, sfg"gL, lgofds / ;+:yfut

;'wf/ Pj+ ;/sf/n] kl/of]hgfsf] ;xof]udf ug]{ sfo{x¿ klxrfg u/]sf 5g\ . Pdl;l; / ;/sf/ ljB't

If]qsf] ;'wf/sf] nflu lgDgfg';f/ b'O{ j6f d'Vo cfjZostfsf] ;xdt ePsf 5g\M -!_ Ps :jtGq ljB't

If]q lgodssf] ;+:yfkgf, / -@_ ljB't If]qsf] lgodg ug{sf] nflu gofF sfg"gsf] lgdf{0f, h;n] lgofds

lgsfonfO{ ;f] If]qsf ;~rfnsx¿nfO{ Ohfhtkq lbg], ;~rfng k|df0fkq lbg], ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu

b/ tf]Sg] / kf/bzL{ ?kdf If]q ;~rfngsf] nflu lgodx¿ agfpg] ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug]{5 . lgofds

lgsfo :yfkgf ug]{ / lgofdsnfO{ pko'Qm clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ sfg"gsf] lgdf{0f eP kZrft\ dfq

k|:tfljt lgofds / phf{ dGqfnonfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg ul/g]5 .

@= ;8s dd{t kl/of]hgf

-s_ kl/of]hgf / lqmofsnfksf] ;f/f+z

;8s dd{t kl/of]hgf -“;8s dd{t kl/of]hgf”_ sf] p2]Zo g]kfnsf] k|fylds jf /0fgLlts ;8s

g]6js{ -“P;cf/Pg”_ e/ ;8ssf] u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg' xf] . ;8s dd{t kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf]

nflu Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfn] lgDgfg';f/sf] ;xof]u ug]{5M -!_ g]kfnsf] ;8s ljefu -l8cf]cf/_ /

;8s af]8{ -cf/laPg_ nfO{ k|fljlws ;xfotf / ltgsf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf] nflu cfly{s ;xof]u / -@_

g]kfnsf] P;cf/Pgdf #)% lsnf]ld6/;Dd ;8s dd{t ;Def/sf] sfddf ;xof]u .

!= k|fljlws ;xfotf ;DaGwL lqmofsnfk

of] lqmofsnfkn] ;8s ljefu / ;8s af]8{sf] nflu k|lzIf0f / Ifdtf ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{qmd ug]{5 .

;Demf}tfsf] ljQLo Joj:yfn] lgDgfg';f/sf If]qx¿df ;8s ljefu / ;8s af]8{nfO{ k|lzIf0f / Ifdtf

ljsf;sf] nflu ;xof]u ug]{5M -!_ tYofÍ ;ª\sngsf ;'wfl/Psf] ljlw / k|ljlwx¿, -@_ cfly{s ?kdf

Gofof]lrt ;8s dd{t of]hgfx¿sf] tof/L, -#_ cfjlws dd{t ;Def/sf] k|fyldstfdf ;'wf/, -$_ ;'b[9

;8s ;'/Iffsf] PsLs/0f;lxtsf] ;'wfl/Psf] s/f/, / s/f/Lo Joj:yfkg, / -%_ ;'b[9 kl/of]hgf

Joj:yfkg . pknAw u/fOPsf] k|lzIf0f / Ifdtf ljsf; ;DaGwL ;xof]un] o; lqmofsnfk cGtu{t

cfw'lgs ;8s dd{t ljlw, k|ljlwx¿, / Jofj;flos k|lqmofx¿sf] x:tfGt/0f klg ug]{5 .

@= /0fgLlts ;8s dd{t ;DaGwL lqmofsnfk

/0fgLlts ;8s dd{tsf lqmofsnfk k|fljlws ;xof]u lqmofsnfksf] k"/ssf] ?kdf /xg] 5 . o;df b'O{

cjojx¿ ;dfj]z x'g]5g\M -!_ k]ed]G6 l/;fOlSnªdf s]lGb|t Ps k|fof]lus ;x–lqmofsnfk -“k]ed]G6

l/;fOlSnª ;xlqmofsnfk”_, -@_ cfjlws dd{t ;Def/ sfo{nfO{ ljQLo ;xof]u ug{] Ps ldnfg sf]if

-DoflrË km08_ . ;fF3'/f] ;8sdf sfd ug]{, vf;u/L 6«flkms hfd, sl7g sfdsf] cj:yf / lj:tfl/t

lgdf{0f ;donfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{;Sg] gofF k|ljlwåf/f k]ed]G6 l/;fOlSnª ;xlqmofsnfk ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

/0fgLlts ;8s dd{t ;Def/ sfo{sf] nflu afFsL sfo{qmd l8hfOgnfO{ ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg ;Demf}tf

nfu" x'g' k"j{ g} of] ;xlqmofsnfk k/LIf0f / d"NofÍg ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .

24

;8s dd{t ;Def/df ;/sf/sf] yk vr{nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{sf] nflu, Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfnfO{ k"/f

ug{ Ps ldnfg sf]if :yflkt ug{ k|of]u ul/g]5, h'g sf]ifn] ;/sf/n] cfjlws ?kdf ;8ssf] dd{t

;Def/sf] nflu cfˆgf] cf}ift jflif{s vr{ eGbf a9L vr{ u/]sf] k|To]s ! 8n/ a/fa/ @ 8n/ u/L

jflif{s !,%),)),))) 8n/;Dd tLg jif{sf] nflu pknAw u/fpg]5 . g]kfnsf] P;cf/Pgsf] @)))

ls=ld= ;8s dWo]af6 5gf}6 ul/Psf]] #)% lsnf]ld6/;Ddsf] ;8ssf] dd{t ;Def/ sfo{ ug{ ;f] sf]ifsf]

k|of]u ul/g]5 . Prl8Pd df]8]n k|of]u u/]/ ;/sf/n] k|f/lDes ?kdf % j6f ;8s v08x¿sf] cfjlws

dd{t ;Def/sf] nflu 5gf}6 u/]sf] 5 . sfof{Gjog ug]{ avtdf 5gf}6 ul/Psf] ;8s v08x¿df

cfjlws dd{t ;Def/ ug{ ;Dej gePdf ;/sf/n] Prl8Pd $ df]8]n k|of]u u/L s'n #)%

lsnf]ld6/;Ddsf] ;8s dfu{ cfjlws dd{t ;Def/sf] nflu 5gf}6 ug]{5 . sfo{sf] ;du| sfo{qmd

kl/of]hgfsf] k|fljlws ;xfotfaf6 l;lh{t ax'jifL{o dd{t of]hgfsf] dfWodaf6 lglZrt ul/g]5 . of]hgf

;'wfl/Psf] 8f6fsf] k|of]u / sfdsf] cfly{s k|fyldstfdf s]Gb|Ls[t x'g]5 .

-v_ nfeu|fxL

;8s dd{t ;Def/ kl/of]hgf dfkm{t k|:tfljt kfFr ;8s v08x¿n] kf/ ug]{ :yfgLo k|zf;lgs

OsfO{x¿df 5l/Psf sl/a (,@$,))) JolQmx¿ -sl/a @,)%,))) 3/w'/L _ nfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofpg]

cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .

-u_ jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs k|efj Go"gLs/0fsf pkfo

;8s dd{t ;Def/ kl/of]hgf Pdl;l; jftfj/0f lgb]{lzsf cGtu{t v >]0fLdf juL{s[t 5 h;df

k|:tfljt sfo{x¿n] jftfj/0fdf kfg]{ k|lts"n c;/, jf ;dfhdf pTkGg x'g ;Sg] hf]lvd, jf sd

;+Vofdf t/ ;fO{6 s]lGb|t x'g] :yfoL k|efjx¿nfO{ lgoGq0f ul/Psf] 5 . of] kl/of]hgf ;8ssf] dd{t

;Def/ / k'g:yf{kgfdf ;Lldt ePsf] sf/0f jftfj/0f / ;dfhdf pNn]vgLo k|lts"n c;/ kg]{] b]lv+b}g

tyf o;sf] :t/Lo Joj:yfkg ljlw klg pknAw 5}g . lgdf{0f lqmofsnfkx¿sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ jftfj/0f

jf ;fdfhdf kg]{ k|efj h:t} c:yfoL ?kdf ;8s aGb x'g', pTvgg, xf]xNnf, w'nf], sfdbf/sf] /

;fd'bfosf] :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff cflbnfO{ jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs c;/ lgwf{/0fsf lgisif{x¿sf cfwf/df

tof/ ul/Psf] s]Gb|Ls[t jftfj/0f / ;fdflhs Joj:yfkg of]hgfx¿ dfkm{t Jojl:yt ul/g]5 .

;fy}, ;8s dd{t ;Def/ kl/of]hgfn] g]kfnsf] /0fgLlts ;8s ;~hfn k|of]u ug]{ ;jf/L rfns /

u}/;jf/L k|of]ustf{x¿nfO{ ;8ssf] lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s / ;'/lIft 9Ën] k|of]u ug{ ;xof]u ug{sf nflu

;'wfl/Psf] ;8s l8hfOg / ;/sf/sf] ;"rgf / hfu/0f cleofg dfkm{t ;8s ;'/IffnfO{ k|f]T;flxt

ug]{5 . tL hfu/0f cleofgn] 6«s / a; rfnsx¿sf] lhDd]jf/L, ;jf/L Joj:yfkg / /fhdfu{sf]

;'/lIft / lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ k|of]usf] af/]df hfu?stf a9fpg]5 . b'3{6gf hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{

k}bnofqL tyf df]6//lxt ;jf/Lsf ;fwgx¿sf] b'3{6gf a9L x'g] klxrfg ul/Psf ;8ssf] 5]p5fp

k6/Lx¿ lgdf{0fdf of] kl/of]hgfn] ;xfotf k'¥ofpg] 5 .

-3_ ;fdflhs / n}lËs ;dfj]zLs/0f

;8s dd{t ;Def/ kl/of]hgf cGtu{t Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfnfO{ bIftf cfjZos kg]{ / pRr

Hofnfb/ ePsf sfdx¿df dlxnf / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] pRr ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu

kl/of]hgfnfO{ 7]s]bf/ / ;8s ljefunfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ k|of]u ul/g]5 .

25

-ª_ bftf;Fusf] ;dGjo

P;cf/Pgdf dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL sfdsf b'O{ k|fylds bftfx¿– Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+s /

l8PkmcfO{l8;Fu Pdl;l;n] ;Demf}tf cGtu{t k|fljlws ;xfotfsf k|of;x¿nfO{ alnof]] agfpg ;dGjo

ug]{5 .

-r_ o'P;P8

o'P;P8n] xfnnfO{ g]kfnsf] oftfoft If]qdf s'g} klg cg'bfg lbPsf] 5}g . ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog

cjlwe/df s'g} oftfoft ;DaGwL lqmofsnfknfO{ o'P;P8n] ;xfotf ug]{ ePdf Pdl;l;n] o'P;P8;Fu

;dGjo ug]{5 .

-5_ bLuf]kg

;8s dd{t ;Def/df ul/Psf] nufgL bL3{sflng nufgL xf] . P;cf/Pgdf lnOPsf] ;'wfl/Psf] tYofÍ

;Íng, ;'wfl/Psf] dd{t of]hgf, k|fyldsLs/0f, pko'St cfly{s ;|f]tsf] k|of]u / 7]s]bf/sf] sfo{;Dkfbg

ljlwsf] ljsf; dfkm{t ;8s dd{t ;Def/ kl/ofhgfn] ;/sf/nfO{ bL3{sflng ?kdf ;8s dd{t ;Def/

sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 .

-h_ gLltut, sfg"gL / lgofds ;'wf/x¿

ckof{Kt ;|f]t / cGt/f{li6«o cEof;;Fu d]n gvfg] Joj:yfkg cEof;sf sf/0f ;8s dd{t ;Def/ tyf

Joj:yfkg c:tJo:t ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;8s dd{t ;Def/ tyf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu nufgLsf] ;|f]t

h'6fpg, k'gjf{;, k'glg{df{0f, / ;8s ;'/Iffsf] nflu nufgLsf] ;|f]t h'6fpg ;8s af]8{sf] :yfkgf eP

tfklg ;8s dd{t ;Def/ tyf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] cfly{s sf]ifsf] s]xL efu dfq ;8sn]

kfpg] ub{5 . oL d'2fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf] nflu ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/x¿n] ;/sf/, ;8s af]8{ / ;8s

ljefu ;d]tnfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf / ;8s af]8{ P]gsf] ;+zf]wg jf k|lt:yfkg

ug] sfo{ cfjZos ePdf To;nfO{ ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf 5g\ .

;8s dd{t ;Def/ cfof]hgfsf] k|fljlws ;xof]u / k"jf{wf/sf kIfx¿n] ;8s ljefusf] ;8ssf] dd{t

IfdtfnfO{ a9fP/ cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] agfpg ;xof]u ug'{k5{ / sfo{;Dkfbgdf cfwfl/t ;Demf}tfx¿

;d]t u/L #)% lsnf]ld6/sf] ;8s dd{t ;Def/ kl/of]hgfx¿af6 l;lsPsf s'/fx¿nfO{ k|of]u

ug'{kg]{5 . ljz]iftM ldnfg sf]ifn] ;/sf/nfO{ ;8s dd{t ;Def/ tyf Joj:yfkgdf 5'6\ofpFb} cfPsf]

ljutsf] cf};t eGbf a9L ah]6 lgisf;g ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{kg]{5 .

u=sfof{Gjog 9fFrf

!= Pdl;P– g]kfn

-s_ ;+/rgf / :yfkgf

;/sf/n]] dlGqkl/ifb\af6 Pdl;P– g]kfnsf] u7g cfb]z kfl/t u/L ;f] cfb]z g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sfzg

u/L Pdl;P–g]kfnnfO{ Ps ljsf; ;ldltsf] ?kdf :yfkgf ug]{5 . ljsf; ;ldltx¿ :jtGq lgsfo x'g\

/ g]kfndf ;fdfGotof o:tf ;ldlt ljleGg lsl;dsf kl/of]hgf -ljb]zL cg'bfg / C0fdf cfwfl/t

;d]t_ sf nflu u7g ul/G5g\ . Pdl;P–g]kfnnfO{ lg0f{o ug{] k"0f{ :jfoQtf x'g]5M h:t}M cGo s'g}

kIfsf] ;dy{g jf :jLs[lt ljgf g} lg0f{o lng]M -!_ cfˆgf] gfddf ;Demf}tf ug]{, -@_ d'2f dfldnf ug]{

-#_ Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] gfddf a}+s vftf vf]Ng] / ;f]xL vftf dfkm{t ljQLo tyf a}+lsË sf/f]af/ ug]{,

26

-$_ Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf vr{ ug]{, -%_ 7]s]bf/x¿, ;Nnfxsf/x¿, jf cg'bfgbftfx¿, vl/b Ph]G6,

ljQLo Ph]G6 cflbnfO{ sfddf nufpg], / -^_ n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L n]vfk/LIfsx¿

lgo'Qm ug]{ . Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] ;~rfngsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tf, u7g cfb]z /

Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s lgodx¿ -“cfGtl/s lgod”_ jf kIfx¿n] lnlvt ?kdf ;xdlt u/] adf]lhd

x'g]5 . cfGtl/s lgod eg] k|zf;g dfu{ lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd x'g]5 .

Pdl;P–g]kfn lgDgfg';f/sf] ;~rfns ;ldlt -“;~rfns ;ldlt”_, Joj:yfkg OsfO{ -“Joj:yfkg

OsfO{”_ / Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;ldltåf/f k|zfl;t, Jojl:yt / ;dly{t x'g]5 .

Pdl;P–g]kfnn] kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfox¿sf] ;xof]u lng]5 .

-v_ ;~rfns ;ldlt

Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] lg/LIf0f, lgb]{zg / lg0f{ox¿sf] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L / ;Demf}tfsf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjogsf]

lhDd]jf/L ;~rfns ;ldltsf] x'g]5 . ;~rfns ;ldltdf dtflwsf/ ;lxtsf ;ft hgf ;b:o

/xg]5g\ . xfn ;~rfns ;ldltdf dtflwsf/;lxtsf ;b:ox¿ b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ M

!_ cy{ ;lrj, cy{ dGqfnfo,

@_ ;x;lrj, phf{ dGqfno,

#_ ;x;lrj, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf oftfoft dGqfno,

$_ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, Pdl;P–g]kfn,

%_ k|aGw lgb]{zs, g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f,

^_ gful/s ;dfhsf Ps hgf k|ltlglw, /

&_ lghL If]qsf] Ps hgf k|ltlglw .

Pdl;l;sf] :jLs[ltaf6 cfGtl/s lgoddf dtbfg ug]{ ;b:ox¿sf] ;+Vof / klxrfg ;+zf]wg ug{

;lsg]5 . Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s lgod cg';f/ ;~rfns ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf] k|ltlglwTj cGo

JolQmåf/f ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;fy}, Pdl;l;sf] g]kfnsf] nflu cfjf;Lo lgb]{zs -/]lh8]G6 sG6«L 8fO{/]S6/_]

;~rfns ;ldltdf dtbfg gug]{ ;b:osf] e"ldsfdf /xg]5 . ;~rfns ;ldltn] lgDgfg';f/sf dGqfno

jf cGo ljz]if1x¿nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5M -s_ e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf

dGqfno, -v_ u[x dGqfno, -u_ jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno, / -3_ hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0f dGqfno .

k|zf;g lgb]{lzsfsf cfwf/df cfGtl/s lgod cg';f/ ;~rfns ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf] 5gf}6 ;/sf/L

dfu{bz{g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

27

-u_ Joj:yfkg OsfO{

lgDgfg';f/ JofVof ul/Psf] Joj:yfkg OsfO{ ;~rfns ;ldltk|lt hjfkmb]xL x'g]5 / ;Demf}tfsf]

Joj:yfkg tyf b}lgs lqmofsnfk ;~rfngsf] k|d'v bfloTj Joj:yfkg OsfO{sf] x'g]5 .

sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs Joj:yfkg OsfO{sf] k|d'v x'g]5 / k|zf;g lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ kIfx¿ aLr ;xdlt eP

cg';f/ ;~rfnsx¿ / clws[tx¿ o;sf ;b:o x'g]5g\ . Joj:yfkg OsfO{sf] 5gf}6 v'Nnf,

k|ltof]lutfTds / lgikIf 5gf}6 ljlw dfkm{t ul/g]5 / k|To]s lgo'lQm Pdl;l;sf] gf] cAh]S;gsf

cfwf/df dfq x'g]5 . Joj:yfkg OsfO{sf] sfd, st{JonfO{ k"/f ug{ clws[tx¿nfO{ ;xfotf cfjZos

ePdf yk sd{rf/L lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg]5 . yk kbx¿df lgol'Qm cfjZos ePdf Pdl;P–g]kfnn]

Pdl;l;nfO{ lnlvt hfgsf/L lbg]5 / Pdl;l;sf] gf] cAh]S;gsf cfwf/df dfq lgol'Qm ul/g]5 .

-3_ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;ldlt

kIfx¿n] kf/blz{tf, ;Demf}tfsf ;fem]bf/x¿;Fu x'g] k/fdz{ / ;Demf}tfsf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu Ps jf

Ps eGbf a9L ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;ldlt u7g ug]{ s'/fsf] dxTj dx;'; ub{5g\ -k||To]snfO{

“;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;ldlt” elgg]5_ . o; ;ldltnfO{ Pdl;l;sf] k|zf;g lgb]{lzsf / ;/f]sf/jfnf

;+nUgtf of]hgf -“P;O{kL”_ åf/f ;~rfng ul/g]5 . kIfx¿ b]xfo adf]lhd ;xdt ePsf 5g\M -s_

Pdl;P–g]kfnn] P;O{kLnfO{ lgoldt ?kdf cWofjlws hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg]5, -v_ P;O{kLdf

klxrfg ul/Psf oL ;ldltx¿n] Pdl;P–g]kfn;Fu sDtLdf cw{jflif{s ?kdf ;dGjo ug]{5g\ egL

Pdl;P–g]kfnn] ;'lglZrt ug]{5, -u_ P;O{kLn] Pdl;P–g]kfnnfO{ plNnlvt ;dGjo ug{ sfo{ljlw

pknAw u/fpg]5, / -3_ Pdl;P–g]kfnn] ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ lgoldt ?kdf P;O{kLsf] af/]df hfgsf/L

lbg]5 .

@= kl/of]hgfsf ;fem]bf/x¿

k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] zt{x¿, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tf / k|:t't ;Demf}tf;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ;Da4

;Demf}tfx¿ adf]lhd ;/sf/n] o; ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf s'g} klg kl/of]hgf jf sfo{ ug{ ;/sf/sf Ps

jf Ps eGbf a9L lgsfox¿ -“kl/of]hgfsf ;fem]bf/x¿”_ nfO{ ;xfotfsf nflu ;+nUg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

tyflk tL lgo'lQmx¿ Pdl;l;sf] ;dLIff / :jLs[ltdf lge{/ /xg]5g\ . Pdl;l;nfO{ ;Gt'li6 x'g] u/L tL

k|To]s kl/of]hgfsf ;fem]bf/x¿sf] sfd / st{Jo 5'§} ;Demf}tfdf -k|To]s ;Demf}tfnfO{ “kl/of]hgf

;xsfl/tf ;Demf}tf”_ pNn]v ul/g]5 / ;f]sf] ;'lglZrttf ;/sf/n] ug]{5 .

#= ljQLo Ph]G6

Pdl;l;n] lnlvt ?kdf cGoyf :jLsf/ u/]sf]df afx]s ;/sf/n] Ps ljQLo Ph]G6 -“ljQLo Ph]G6”_

nfO{ lgo'Qm ug]{5 / lghsf] lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/nfO{ ljQLo Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u ug'{ / Pdl;l; ljQLo

Joj:yfsf]] pko'Qm ljQLo hjfkmb]lxtf lglZrt u/fpg' x'g]5 / lghsf] st{Jodf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog

;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf st{Jo tyf ;/sf/ / ljQLo Ph]G6 aLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v

eP adf]lhdsf st{Jo ;dfj]z x'g]5g\ . To:tf ;Demf}tfsf] ;f/ / ?kdf Pdl;l; ;Gt'i6 x'g'kg]{5 .

28

$= vl/b Ph]G6

Pdl;l;n] lnlvt ?kdf cGoyf :jLsf/ u/]sf]df afx]s ;/sf/n] Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L vl/b Ph]G6x¿

-“vl/b Ph]G6”_ lgo'Qm ug]{5 / To:tf] Ph]G6sf]] lhDd]jf/L ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu pNn]v u/]

adf]lhd vl/b sfo{ ug'{ x'g]5 . vl/b Ph]G6sf] sfd, st{Jo / bfloTj sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tf jf

Pdl;l;nfO{ dfGo x'g] ;/sf/ / vl/b Ph]G6 aLr ePsf] ;Demf}tf cg';f/ x'g]5 . vl/b Ph]G6n]

Pdl;l;sf] vl/b lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v u/]sf] vl/b :t/nfO{ sfod ug]{5 / Pdl;l;n] lnlvt ?kdf

cGoyf :jLsf/ u/]sf]df afx]s ;/sf/n] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tf adf]lhd u|x0f u/]sf] vl/b

of]hgf adf]lhd vl/b sfo{ ug]{5 .

29

cg';"rL @

ax'jifL{o ljQLo of]hgfsf] ;f/f+z

k|:t't cg';"rL @ sfo{qmd ;DaGwL ax'jifL{o ljQLo of]hgfsf] ;f/;+If]k xf] .

!= ;fdfGo=

ax'jifL{o ljQLo of]hgfsf] ;f/f+z -o;kl5 “ax'jifL{o ljQLo of]hgfsf] ;f/f+z” elgPsf]_ o; cg';"rL @

df kl/lzi6 P sf] ?kdf ;+nUg /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] Pdl;l;sf] ;xdlt cg';f/ / sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog

;Demf}tfdf tf]lsP adf]lhd ax'jifL{o ljQLo of]hgf cjnDag ug]{5 . ax'jifL{o ljQLo of]hgfdf

Pdl;l; sf]ifsf] ax'jif{] cg'dflgt vr{sf] of]hgf / ;/sf/sf] of]ubfg afkt k|fKt /sd tyf ;|f]t,

sfo{qmdsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ jflif{s tyf q}dfl;s ;xof]u -k|zf;lgs vr{_ ;d]t k|To]s kl/of]hgfsf]

k|lta4tf JoQm ul/Psf] / gub cfjZostf cg'?ksf] cg'dflgt cfjZos vr{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

@= ;/sf/sf] of]ubfg=

;/sf/sf] of]ubfgdf lhG;L tyf cfly{s of]ubfg / pQm cfly{s ;xof]u cGtu{tsf] bfloTjdf x'g cfpg]

C0f ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . pQm bfloTj cGtu{t ;/sf/n] Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfsf] ;xfotfsf] nflu

ah]6 5'6\ofPsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] of]ubfgsf] ?kdf pknAw x'g] /sd cd]l/sL 8n/ !#),))),))) /x]sf]

5 . k|:t't ;Demf}tf nfu" x'g' k"j{ / x:tfIf/ eP kZrft ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ;xof]usf] ?kdf pknAw

x'g] /sd cd]l/sL 8n/ $),))),))) /x]sf] 5 / afFsL /x]sf] /sd cd]l/sL 8n/ (),))),))) eg]

sfo{qmdsf] k|f/lDes vr{ ljt/0f x'g' k"j{ / ;Demf}tf cjlwe/ ljt/0f ul/g]5 . ;/sf/sf] of]ubfgdf

vf;u/L ;/sf/sf] ;a} bfloTj / s/ 5'6 ;DaGwL Joj:yf kb{5 . ;/sf/sf] of]ubfgn] ;a} sfg"gL

k|lqmof / ah]6 ;DaGwL k|lqmof k"/f ug{'kg]{5 . pQm /sd ;+;baf6 :jLs[t jflif{s ah]6 cg'?ksf]

x'g'kg]{5 . kIfx¿n] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tf jf cGo k"/s ;Demf}tfdf ;/sf/sf] of]ubfgsf]

cfjZostf / k|lqmof tf]s]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . pQm Joj:yf Pd;L;L ljQLo Joj:yfsf] e'QmfgLsf nflu zt{

x'g ;Sg]5 .

30

cg';"rL @ sf] kl/lzi6 P

ax'jifL{o ljQLo of]hgfsf] ;f/f+z

-o" P; 8n/_

36s l;l8Pkm ! jif{ @ jif{ # jif{ $ jif{ % jif{ hDdf

!= k|;f/0f nfOg kl/of]hgf

-s_ k|;f/0f nfOg

;DaGwL lqmofsnfk

@,$*(,))) %%,^&&,))) $!,@#%,))) $!,@#%,))) %%,#@),))) #@,@(!,))) @@*,@$&,)))

-v_ ;a :6]zg

;DaGwL lqmofsnfk

@,)%),))) !(,&!@,))) @@,!@@,))) @@,!@@,))) #),!@!,))) !&,*(%,))) !!$,)@@,)))

-u_ ljB'tLo If]qdf

k|fljlws ;xfotf

;DaGwL lqmofsnfk

$#%,))) ^,#(*,))) $,)%$,))) @,**^,))) $,##!,))) $,#)!,))) @@,$)%,)))

-3_ sfo{qmd

Joj:yfkg / k|fljlws

lg/LIf0f ;DaGwL

lqmofsnfk

!&,#&%,))) $,!!%,))) #,@)&,))) #,@)&,))) $,@)&,))) !,$$*,))) ##,%%(,)))

v08 -!_ sf] hDdf @@,#$(,))) *%,()@,))) &),^!*,))) ^(,$%),))) (#,(&(,))) %%,(#%,)) #(*,@##,)))

@= ;8s dd{t ;Def/ kl/of]hgf

-s_ k|fljlws

;xof]u ;DaGwL

lqmofsnfk

@,^#@,))) !,*$#,))) !,@@&,))) !,!$@,))) !^%,))) #^,))) &,)$%,)))

-v_ /0fgLlts ;8s

dd{t ;Def/

;DaGwL lqmofsnfk

#,%@),))) !,)##,))) !!,^$%,))) !^,)!!,))) !#,)#!,))) ====== $%,@$),)))

v08 -@_ sf] hDdf ^,!%@,))) @,*&^,))) !@,*&@,))) !&,!%#,))) !#,!(^,))) #^,))) %@,@*%,)))

#= cg'udg / d"NofÍg

cg'udg / d"NofÍg

;DaGwL lqmofsnfk

!(*,))) &#@,))) !,(&&,))) !,*(*,))) !,#%%,))) #,##@,))) (,$(@,)))

$= sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg / k|zf;g

-s_ Pdl;P –

g]kfnsf] sfo{qmd

;DaGwL Joj:yfkg

(,@*!,))) @,$*),))) @,%%),))) @,)@),))) @,%%#,))) $,$^^,))) @#,#%),)))

-v_ vl/b, cfly{s, /

n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL

;]jfx¿

@,%@),))) $,!!),))) @,#!),))) @,#!),))) @,#!),))) #,)*),))) !^,^$),)))

v08 -$_ sf] hDdf !!,*)!,))) ^,%(),))) $,*^),))) $,##),))) $,*^#,))) &,%$^,))) #(,((),)))

Pdl;l;sf] nufgL $),%)),))) (^,!)),))) (),#@&,))) (@,*#!,))) !!#,#(#,))) ^^,*$(,))) %)),))),)))

;/sf/sf] of]ubfg $),))),))) ==================================(),))),)))==================== !#),))),)))

s"n hDdf

*),%)),))) ^#),))),)))

31

cg';"rL #

;Demf}tfsf] cg'udg / d"NofÍg ;f/f+z

of] cg';"rL # n] ;Demf}tfsf] cg'udg / d"NofÍg ;DaGwL sfo{of]hgfnfO{ ;+lIfKt ?kdf pNn]v u/]sf] 5

-o;kl5 “PdP08O{ of]hgf” elgPsf]_ . o; cg';"rL # df pNn]v ul/Psf] eGbf km/s ;+/rgf /

ljifo;"rLsf] xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/ / Pdl;l;sf] (“Policy for Monitoring and Evaluation of

Compacts and Threshold Programs) -o;kl5 “Pdl;l; PdP08O{ of]hgf” elgPsf]_ nfu" x'g]5 .

;fy}, o; cg';"rL # df ;+zf]wg gu/L Pdl;l; PdP08O{ gLltdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd ;do ;dodf

;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg]5 . PdP08O{ of]hgfnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ?kdf Pdl;l;sf] j]a;fO{6 / c¿ ;~rf/

dfWoddf cfjZostf cg';f/ cWofjlws u/L ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg ul/g]5 .

!= p2]Zo

Pdl;l; / g]kfn ;/sf/n] th{'df / ;xdlt u/] adf]lhd, g]kfn ;/sf/n] PdP08O{ of]hgfnfO{

sfof{Gjog ug]{ jf u/fpg] ;DaGwdf Pd P08 O{ of]hgfsf] lj:t[t JofVof lgDg cg';f/ ug]{5M

-s_ kl/of]hgfx¿ lgwf{l/t p2]Zo k|flKtsf] dfu{df eP jf gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ -o;kl5 “cg'udg

cjoj” elgPsf]_ . -v_ sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL /0fgLltsf] d"NofÍg l;sfOsf] cfbfgk|bfg, vr{sf]

k|efjsfl/tf lgwf{/0f / k|:t't ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf lqmofsnfksf] k|efj cg'dfg ug]{ -o;kl5 “d"NofÍg

cjoj” elgPsf]_ . Pdl;l;nfO{ lgoldt ?kdf lbg'kg]{ ;"rsx¿ / sfo{qmd d"NofÍgnfO{ rflxg]

tYofÍx¿ ;DaGwdf PdP08O{ of]hgfn] ;+lIfKt ?kdf JofVof ub{5 . PdP08O{ of]hgfdf cg'udg /

d"NofÍgsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ Pdl;P–g]kfnn] kl/of]hgfdf vr{ ePsf] /sdx¿ lng] Joj:yf o;} Pd

P08 O{ of]hgfdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . Pd P08 O{ of]hgfn] Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] sd{rf/L / ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿

aLr ;~rf/ dfWodsf] sfd ub{5 h;n] Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb5 .

cg'udg / d"NofÍg tYofÍn] dfkg u/]sf cg'udg / d"NofÍg ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿sf] glthf

Pd;LP–g]kfn / Pdl;l;sf] j]a;fO{6df ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sfzg ul/g]5 .

@= sfo{qmd nlhs -ts{_

Pd P08 O{ of]hgfn] kl/of]hgf nlhs df]8n -Project Level Logic Models_ nfO{ ;+lIfKt ?kdf

j0f{g ub{5 . kl/of]hgf nlhs df]8nn] kl/of]hgfsf] lqmofsnfk / ;xfos lqmofsnfkx¿n] s;/L

kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf 5g\ eGg] s'/f lrq0f ub{5 . nlhs df]8nx¿n]

sfo{qmdsf] glthf, p2]Zo, kl/0ffdx¿nfO{ ;+lIfKt ?kdf pNn]v ub{5 . k|To]s kl/of]hgfsf] nlhs

ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5M

s_ ljB't k|;f/0f ;DaGwL kl/of]hgf

g]kfndf ljB'tLo cfk"lt{sf] ;'wf/, pknAwtf / ljZj;gLotfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ljB'tLo vkt a9fpg' /

ljB'tLo Jofkf/nfO{ k|jw{g ug{' ljB't k|;f/0f ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . ;Demf}tfsf]

nufgLn] g]kfnsf] k|;f/0f ;~hfn -g]6js{_ / cGt/b]zLo h8fgnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofO{ u|fxs ;dIf ljB't

cfk"lt{ a9fpg]5 . o; p2]Zon] gofF /fli6«o ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ;fy} ef/t;Fusf] ljB't

Jofkf/df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 . o; k|;f/0fn] k|fljlws r'xfj6 sd ub}{ dfu cg';f/sf] ljB't cfk"lt{nfO{

;xh agfp‘b5 . o; kl/of]hgfn] gofF 9Ën] /fli6«o ljB't pTkfbgnfO{ d2t ug{'sf ;fy} ;kmntfsf

;fy ef/t;Fu ljB't Jofkf/df gofF cfofd Nofpg]5 .

32

g]kfndf ;'Vvf df};ddf 3/]n' ljB't pTkfbg sd x'g] x'gfn] cGt/b]zLo h8fgn] pQm ;dosf] dfunfO{

kl/k"lt{ ub{5 . o; kl/of]hgfn] ck]Iff u/] cg'¿k jiff{ofddf x'g] clws ljB't cfk"lt{{ ef/tdf lgsf;L

ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 . lgsf;L u/] afkt cfPsf] /fh:jnfO{ /fli6«o ljB't pTkfbgsf] nflu ;/sf/L, lghL

/ :jtGq ljB't pTkfbsx¿ tyf ljB't Jofkf/ ug{] lgsfox¿n] nufgL ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . ef/t;Fusf]

ljB't Jofkf/n] ljB't Jofkf/ ;Demf}tfsf] nflu jftf{ ug{ pko'Qm jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/L b'O{kIfLo ljB't

lu|8nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub{5 .

ljB'tLo If]qdf k|fljlws ;xof]u (Power Sector Technical Assistance) sf] lqmofsnfkx¿n]

nufgLsf] If]qdf gofF dfu{lgb]{zg :yfkgf u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ pRr:t/Lo /0fgLlt agfpg ;xof]u,

nfut lkmtf{ tyf lu|8 ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 h;sf] glthf lgDgfg';f/ x'g]5M -!_ ljB'tLo If]qn]

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] cfly{s / ljQLo lxtnfO{ ;Gt'ng, lu|8 ;~rfngsf] k|j4{g / ;'/Iff ub{5 . -@_

Pdl;l;sf] k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgfdf ePsf] nufgLdf bLuf] ?kdf ;'wf/ ug]{, g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f -PgO{P_ n]

gofF $)) lsnf] ef]N6 -“kV”_ k|0ffnLnfO{ ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg u/L sfod /fVg] . o; nufgLn] ck]Iff

u/] cg'¿k ljQLo / ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿nfO{ bLuf] /fvL cufl8 a9fpg] 5 .

g]kfnsf] lu|8df ljB'tsf] j[l4n] pkef]Qmfx¿ dfem ljB'tsf] cfk"lt{ klg j[l4 x'g'sf] ;fy} ef/t;Fusf]

ljB't Jofkf/ j[l4 x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . pkef]Qmfx¿n] xfnsf] eGbf ljB't vkt u/] jfkt k|lt o'lg6

sd dx;'n ltg{'kg]{5 . o;af6 x'g] artsf] k'gM nufgL u/L pTkfbg / ul/aL lgjf/0fdf of]ubfg

k'¥ofpg]5 .

ljB't k|;f/0f ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfsf] lj:t[t sfo{qmd ts{ b]xfosf] lrqdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

33

PdP08O{ of]hgfn] cg'dflgt hf]lvd / To; ;DaGwL cjwf/0ffsf] af/]df / sfo{qmd nlhssf] kl/jlt{t

l;4fGtnfO{ :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 . t/, lnlvt ?kdf cGoyf ;xdlt ePsf]df afx]s ;Demf}tf ePsf] afx]s

kIfx¿n] o; cg'dflgt hf]lvdsf sf/0f cfˆgf] st{Jo / bfloTjaf6 pGd'lQm kfpg] 5}gg\ . ljB't

k|;f/0f ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfsf 1ft hf]lvd / cjwf/0ff b]xfo adf]lhd 5g\:

!_ sfof{Gjogdf l9nfO,

@_ ef/t;Fu ljB't Jofkf/ a9fpgsf] nflu pko'Qm k|fljlws / Jofj;flos Joj:yf /

k"jf{wf/x¿,

#_ 3/]n' ljB't pTkfbg ;DaGwL k/f]hgfx¿sf] ;~rfngdf l9nfOsf] sf/0fn] ljB't

k|;f/0f nfOgsf] pkof]udf sdL cfpg ;Sg],

$_ k"/s k|;f/0f / ljt/0f ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf l9nfO ePdf pkef]Qmfx¿

dfem ljB't ljt/0fnfO{ ;Lldt ug{ ;Sg],

%_ hUuf k|flKtdf ljnDa / sfof{Gjog ug{ s7Lg x'g;Sg],

^_ ;d'bfox¿n] Pdl;l;sf kl/of]hgfx¿nfO{ lj/f]w ug{ ;Sg],

&_ ljB'tLo lgodg ;DaGwL sfg"g nfu" ug{ / rfn" k|f/lDes kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ug{sf]

nflu ;xof]u c;kmn x'g ;Sg], /

*_ ;:tf] ljB'taf6 ePsf] art cGo If]qdf pTkfbg a9fpg nufgL ug{ ;Sg] .

-u_ ;8s dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL kl/of]hgf

;8s dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zo /0fgLlts ;8s g]6js{ cGtu{tsf ;8sx¿sf] u'0f:t/

sfod /fVg' xf] . klxnf], o; kl/of]hgfn] ;8s dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL of]hgf, k|fljlws ;xof]u /

d"NofÍg ;DaGwdf ;8s ljefu / ;8s af]8{ g]kfnsf] lgoldt cfjlws of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{

Ifdtf j[l4 ug]{5 . bf];|f], of] kl/of]hgfn] l;Sb} sfd ug]{ ;DaGwL cjwf/0ffdf cfwfl/t 5 . o; dd{t

;Def/sf] sfo{n] ;8sdf ;'wf/ / oftfoft ;~rfng vr{df sdL u/fpg]5 . o; sf]if DoflrË O:s]d

(Matching scheme) cg'?k nfu" x'G5 / ;8s dd{t ;DaGwL ;|f]tdf vr{ ul/g]5 . ;8s ljefunfO{

;8s dd{t ;DaGwL of]hgf agfpg / sfof{Gjg ug{, ;8s dd{t ;'wf/ cGtu{t ;xof]u ug{ tYofÍ,

Ifdtf / cg'ej k|fKt ePdf P;/Pgn] ;8ssf] u'0f:t/ sfod /fVg ;Sg]5 .

34

;8s dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfsf] lj:t[t sfo{qmd ts{ lrqdf b]xfo adf]lhd k|:t't ul/Psf]

5 .

;8s dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfsf 1ft hf]lvd / cjwf/0ffx¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M

!_ o; kl/of]hgfn] b/f] /fhgLlts / ;+/rgfut ;xof]u kfpg] 5}g, kmntM kl/of]hgfsf]

sfof{Gjog clglZrt / hf]lvdk"0f{ x'g ;Sg]5, /

@_ u'0f:t/Lo ?kdf ;dodf g} sfd ug]{ lgdf{0f Ifdtf Go"g /x]sf] 5 .

#= cg'dflgt cfly{s nfe / nfeu|fxL

#=! cfly{s nfe

-s_ ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgf

ljB't k|;f/0f ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfsf] d'Vo kmfObf tyf nfe eg]sf] g]kfnL pkef]Qmfx¿ dfem ljB'tLo

cfk"lt{ a9\g' xf] . nf]8;]]l8Ë sd eO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ljB't pknAw x'g' g} o; kl/of]hgfsf] d'Vo

kmfObf xf] . a9\bf] ljB't cfk"lt{n] /fli6«o pTkfbgdf j[l4 x'g]5 / gofF lgdf{0f ePsf] pRr Ifdtfsf]

k|;f/0f k|0ffnLn] k|fljlws r'xfj6df sdL cfpg]5 .

lgsf;L Ps leGg nfe ;|f]t xf] h;sf] d"NofÍg ef/tnfO{ a]r]sf] ljB't dx;'n b/sf] cfwf/df ul/Psf]

5 -t/, o;df ef/tLo pkef]Qmfx¿sf] Economic rate of return (“ERR”) cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5}g).

ERR df To;} sf/0f lgof{tnfO{ /fli6«o pkef]usf] d"NofÍg eGbf sd d"NofÍgdf /flvPsf] 5 /

g]kfnsf] lgof{tsf] nfut vr{ klg sd /x]sf] 5, lsgls cGoyf o; ljB'tsf] clws lu/fj6 x'g] lyof] .

jiff{ofddf art eO{ laqmL ePsf] ljB'tn] :jtGq ljB't nufgLstf{x¿nfO{ gofF nufgL ug{ k|f]T;fxg

ub{5 .

35

Pdl;l;sf] nfutsf cltl/Qm, ERR df]8ndf ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 ePsf] nfut, pkef]Qmfaf6 e'Qmfg

ePsf] nfut / gofF pTkfbgdf cGo nufgLstf{x¿sf] cg'dflgt nfut ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ @)@#

/ @)#) ;Dd cg'dflgt ul/Psf nfex¿ x'g\M lah'nL vkt, k}7f/L, lgsf;L / k|;f/0f r'xfj6df sdL .

cfly{s ljZn]if0fn] @)!^ b]lv @)@# ;Dd g]kfnsf] ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ Ifdtfdf #^) k|ltztn] -*%^

d]ufjf6b]lv #,($^ d]ufjf6;Dd_ j[l4 x'g]] cg'dfg u/]sf 5g\ .

ljB't k|;f/0f ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfsf] cg'dflgt ERR !@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .

-v_ ;8s dd{t ;Def/ kl/of]hgf

;8s dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo /0fgLlts ;8s g]6js{sf] ;8sx¿sf] dd{t

;Def/ ;DaGwL cEof;df ;'wf/ u/L u'0f:t/Lo ;8s sfod /fVg' xf] . o; kl/of]hgfn] ;8s ljefu /

;8s af]8{ g]kfnnfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg u/L #)% lsnf]ld6/ ;8s dd{tdf ;xof]u k¥'ofpFb5 .

;8ssf] c:kmfN6 sfnf]kq] lgsfn]/ To;df gofF c:kmfN6 / cGo /;fogx¿ yKg], ;'/Iffdf Wofg lbg],

;8sdf pa8vfa8 x'g] ;d:ofdf ;'wfg{ ug]{, ;jf/Lsf] a9L rfk kg]{ psfnf] / cf]/fnf] / lr;f]sf

sf/0f bnbn x'g] If]qdf …l;d]G6 :6flaln6LÚ k|ljlw ckgfO { ;8ssf] tNnf] efudf l;d]G6 xfn]/ df6f]nfO{

:yfoL agfpg o;n] ;xof]u ug]{5 .

;do ;dodf dd{t ;Def/ x'g] ;8sx¿ o; kl/of]hgf cGtu{t To;sf] cfly{s bIftfsf] cfwf/df

dd{t ;Def/ x'g 5gf]6 ePsf x'g\ . /0fgLlts ;8s g]6js{ cGtu{t 5gf]6 k|lqmofdf ;8s ljefun]

k|:tfj u/]sf] @))) lsnf]ld6/ ;8saf6 5gf]6 k|lqmof ;'¿ ePsf] lyof] . HDM-4 Model k|of]u u/L

o; @))) lsnf]ld6/sf] ;8s dd{tsf] cfly{s nfe lgsflnPsf] lyof] . ;8s dd{tn] pkef]QmfnfO{

kmfObf eO{ oftfoft ;~rfng nfut / ofqf ;dodf sdL Nofp‘5 . cfly{s nfe / k|fKt ah]6 cg';f/

dd{t x'g] cfwf/df ;8sx¿nfO{ o; ;Demf}tf cGtu{t dd{t ug{ 5gf]6 ul/Psf] xf] . o; k|fyldstfsf]

kl/0ffd :j¿k g]kfnsf] k"jf{~rn ljsf; If]q, dWodf~rn ljsf; If]q, / dWo–klZrdf~rn ljsf;

If]qsf kfFr j6f ;8s 5gf}6 ePsf 5g\, h;sf] nDafO{ sl/a #)% lsnf]ld6/ /x]sf] 5 .

cfjlws dd{tsf nflu 5gf}6 ePsf kfFr j6f ;8sx¿df cGo ;8ssf] t'nfgfdf cTolws ;jf/L rfk

x'g] ePsf]n] / ;8sx¿ hL0f{ cj:yfdf -high international roughness index (“IRI”) values_

/x]sf] x'Fbf ;8s dd{t of]hgfdf k/]sf x'g\ . oBlk, ;8sx¿sf] cj:yf gfh's l:yltdf k'uL k'g:yf{lkt

ug'{kg]{ geP tfklg eljiodf cfpg;Sg] dd{t vr{nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL clxn] g} dd{t ;Def/ ug]{ of]hgf

/flvPsf] xf] . cfly{s ljZn]if0fsf cg';f/ “kl/of]hgf cGtu{t” jf “kl/of]hgf afx]s” klg ;jf/Lsf]

rfk eg] Pp6} sfod x'g] cg'dfg 5\ . csf]{ zAbdf eGg' kbf{ o; HDM-4 Model df ;fwf/0f jf

eO/x]sf] ;jf/L rfksf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 t/ x'g ;Sg] cltl/Qm ;jf/L rfksf] cg'dfg eg] ul/Psf]

5}g .

HDM-4 Model n] cg'dfg u/]sf] @) jif{sf] cjlwdf ;8s dd{t ;Def/af6 x'g] cfly{s nfenfO{

kl/of]hgf nfut;Fu t'ngf ubf{, xfnsf] nfut cd]l/sL 8n/ #*,$)),))), xfnsf] nfe cd]l/sL 8n/

!%*,%)),))) / s'n kl/of]hgf nfut !@),!)),))) /x]sf] 5 .

;8s dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfsf] cg'dflgt O{cf/cf/ @( k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .

36

#=@ nfeu|fxL ljZn]if0f

PdP08O{ of]hgfdf o; sfo{qmdaf6 nfe x'g] JolQm jf lgsfox¿sf] lj:t[t JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .

O{cf/cf/ ;dLIff nfeu|fxL ;dLIffsf] lj:t[t ?k xf] . O{cf/cf/ ;dLIffn] s'n j[l4 ePsf] cfDbfgLnfO{

cnu u/]/ ljz]if u/L ;dfhsf] s'g ju{nfO{ o; sfo{qmdaf6 nfe k|bfg ug]{ eGg] lgwf{/0f ub{5 . o;

sfo{qmdsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k pRr jf:tljs cfo dfkm{t /fd|f] hLjg:t/ x'g]nfO{ g} Pdl;l;n] nfeu|fxL

dfg]sf] 51 .

o; sfo{qmdsf] nfeu|fxLnfO{ b]xfosf] tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5

kl/of]hgf cg'dflgt nfeu|fxLx¿

ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgf @# nfv*

;8s dd{t kl/of]hgf )=(@ nfv*

*nfeu|fxLdf bf]xf]/f]kgf /x]sf] x'Fbf kl/of]hgf nfeu|fxLx¿nfO{ ;Demf}tfsf] nfeu|fxL;Fu hf]8\g ;lsFb}g .

$= cg'udg cjoj

Pdl;l;sf] PdP08O{ of]hgfn] JofVof u/] adf]lhd cg'udg Ps lg/Gt/, lglb{i6 ;"rsx¿df

p2]Zox¿sf] k|ultsf] af/]df ;"rs lbg]] Jojl:yt tYofÍ -8f6f_ ;Íng / kl/0ffdx¿sf] pknlAw xf] .

o; ;Demf}tfsf] k|ultnfO{ dfkg / cg'udg ug{, PdP08O{ of]hgfsf] cg'udg cjojn] b]xfosf

s'/fx¿sf] klxrfg ub{5M -!_ ;"rsx¿ -b]xfodf kl/efiff ul/P adf]lhd_, -@_ ;"rsx¿sf] kl/efiff, -#_

tYofÍ ;Íng ug]{ ;|f]t / ljlwx¿, -$_ tYofÍ ;Íngsf] cfj[lQ, -%_ tYofÍ ;Íng / ljZn]if0fsf]

lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] kIf jf kIfx¿, -^_ Pdl;l;nfO{ k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ k|To]s ;"rssf] ;do;Ldf . k|:t't

;Demf}tf cjlw kl5 klg s]xL ;"rsx¿nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ k5\ofpg ;lsg] s'/f pNn]vgLo 5 .

$=! nIo, kl/0ffd, / k|lqmof ;"rsx¿

PdP08O{ of]hgfn] ;+VofTds, p2]Zo / ljZj;gLo tYofÍsf] kl/0ffdx¿nfO{ dfkg ug]{5 . -o;kl5

“;"rsx¿” elgPsf]_ .

-s_ PdP08O{ of]hgfn] k|To]s ;"rssf] nflu cfwf/ /]vf :yfkgf ug]{5 -k|To]ssf] “cfwf/

/]vf”_ . cfwf/ /]vfx¿ kl/of]hgf, lqmofsnfkx¿ /÷jf ;xfos lqmofsnfkx¿ z'¿ x'g' k"j{

agfO;s]sf] x'g'kg]{ . cfwf/ /]vfn] ;d:ofx¿nfO{ dfkgof]Uo ?kdf k|:t't u/]sf] x'G5 / To:tf

dfkgof]Uo ;d:ofx¿ kof{Kt OG6/e]Gzg l8hfOgsf] nflu cfjZostf kb{5 . ;/sf/n] 5fg]sf

;"rsx¿sf] cfwf/df cfwf/ /]vf ;Íng ug'{kg]{ jf ;Íng ePsf cfwf/ /]vfnfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{'kg]{5 .

1 o; ;Demf}tfdf k|of]u ePsf] “nfeu|fxL” zAbsf] cy{ Pdl;l;sf] cfly{s / nfeu|fxLx¿ ;DaGwL ljZn]if0f lgb{]lzsfdf

pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

37

-v_ PdP08O{ of]hgfn] glthf k|fKt x'g] / cg'dflgt d"No / cg'dflgt ;donfO{ pNn]v

ug]{ k|To]s ;"rssf] a]+rdfs{ to u/]sf] x'g]5 -o;kl5 “nIo” elgPsf]_ .

-u_ PdP08O{ of]hgfn] k|of]ufTds / nfu" x'g] cj:yf;Dd lnË, cfo :t/, pd]/, /

nfeu|fxLsf] k|sf/af6 cnu x'g] ;"rsx¿nfO{ ;Í]t ub{5 .

-3_ Pdl;l;sf] PdP08O{ of]hgfdf JofVof ePsf] Pdl;l;sf] ;fGble{s ;femf ;"rsx¿

klg ;dfj]z ul/g]5 h;nfO{ ;femf ;"rs ;Í]tn] hgfOPsf] 5 .

-ª_ Pdl;l;sf] k"j{ lnlvt :jLs[ltsf] cwLgdf /xL Pdl;l; PdP08O{ of]hgf cg';f/

;/sf/n] yk ;"rsx¿ yKg ;Sb5 jf ePsf ;"rsx¿sf] kl/efiff / nIo kl/dfh{g ug{ ;Sb5 .

-r_ PdP08O{ of]hgfdf pNn]v ePsf cg'udg ;"rsx¿sf] af/]df Pdl;P–g]kfnn]

Pdl;l;nfO{ ;"rs 6«ofl{sË 6]an -o;kl5 “cfO{l6l6” elgPsf]_ sf] cfwf/df Pdl;l;sf] kmf/d k|of]u

u/]/ q}dfl;s ?kdf k|ltj]bg k7fpg' kb{5 . PdP08O{ of]hgfn] :jLs[t gu/];Dd cfO{l6l6sf] ;"rs,

cfwf/ /]vfx¿ jf nIodf kl/jt{g ug{ ldNb}g . Pdl;l;sf] lgb]{zg cg';f/sf] Pdl;Psf] q}dfl;s vr{

ljt/0f cg'/f]w / k|ltj]bgdf To; afx]s cltl/Qm ;"rs lgb]{zgsf] af/] pNn]v u/]sf] x'g]5 . Pdl;P–

g]kfnn] cw{jflif{s vr{ ljt/0f cg'/f]w u/]sf] cj:yfdf klg cfO{l6l6 q}dfl;s ?kdf g} k]z ug{'kb{5 .

q}dfl;s cg'udg ;"rs k|ltj]bgdf jflif{s ?kdf k]z x'g] d'Vo ;"rsx¿ ;dfj]z x'g]5g\ . t/ ;j]{If0f

tYofÍ / nfdf] cjlw rflxg] ;"rsx¿ d"NofÍg p2]Zosf] nflu 6«ofl{sË x'g]5 .

PdP08O{ of]hgf cg';f/ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] tflnsf cg'';f/sf cg'udg ;"rsx¿sf] af/]df pNn]v u/]sf]

5 .

ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgf

glthf ;"rs kl/efiff o"lg6 cfwf//]vf ;Demf}tfsf] nIo

kl/0ffd ;"rsx¿

nf]8–z]l8Ëdf

sdL nf]8–z]l8Ë ljB'tLo k|;f/0fsf]

cfk"lt{ dfu eGbf sd

/x]sf] cj:yfdf /

;Dk"0f{ ljB'tLo

k|0ffnLsf] ljkmntfnfO{

/f]Sgsf] nflu On]lS6«s

lkm8/x¿n] ;"rgf lbO{

ljB'tLo k|;f/0f aGb

ug]{ . jflif{s

cfk"lt{nfO{ ljt/0f

k|0ffnL / cg'dflgt

nf]8 cg';f/ u0fgf

ug]{ .

luufjf6

306f

(“GWh”)

#,!^!

-@)!^_

;|f]tM ;g\

@)!$.!%sf]

PgO{Psf]

jflif{s

k|ltj]bg k[i7

!)(

-cg'dflgt

vkt_ ;g\

@)!%.!^sf]

PgO{Psf]

jflif{s

k|ltj]bg k[i7

!@$

-s'n pknAw

ePsf]

!,&@^=$

-@)@#_

;|f]tM l6l6

;DefJotf

cWoogdf

lkP;P;O{

-c+s !, tflnsf

#=@#_

38



ljB'tdf 3f6f

36fpg]_

k}7f/Ldf j[l4

cfofltt

ljB't

jflif{s ?kdf ef/taf6

vl/b u/]sf] ljB'tsf]

dfqf

lhufjf6

k|lt 306f

(GWh)

!,&%*=$!

-@)!^_

;|f]tM ;g\

@)!%.!^ sf]

PgO{Psf]

jflif{s

k|ltj]bg k[i7

!@), !@$

%,*@#=@

-@)@#_

;|f]tM l6l6

;DefJotf

cWoogdf

lkP;P;O{

-c+s !, tflnsf

#=@#_

lgof{tdf j[l4

lgof{taf6 ePsf]

/fh:j j[l4

lgof{ltt

ljB't

jflif{s ?kdf ef/tdf

laqmL ePsf] ljB'tsf]

dfqf

lhufjf6

k|lt 306f

(GWh)

#=@%

-@)!^_

;|f]tM ;g\

@)!%.!^ sf]

PgO{Psf]

jflif{s

k|ltj]bg

k[i7 !@$

@,*(%=*

-@)@#_

;|f]tM l6l6

;DefJotf

cWoogdf

lkP;P;O{

-c+s !, tflnsf

#=@#_

k|fljlws k|;f/0fn]

ePsf] 3f6fdf

sdL

k|;f/0f k|0ffnLdf

ePsf] k|fljlws

3f6f -Ü_

!–-k|;f/0f ;a

:6]zgaf6 k|;f/0f

ePsf]

s'n d]ufjf6 306f÷

k|;f/0f ;a :6]zgaf6

pTkfbg / k|fKt ePsf]

s'n d]ufjf6 306f

k|ltzt $=*@Ü

-@)!^_

;|f]tM ;g\

@)!%.!^ sf]

PgO{Psf]

jflif{s

k|ltj]bg

k[i7 #*

-cf=j=

)&@.&#_

!=*(Ü

-@)@#_

;|f]tM l6l6

;DefJotf

cWoogdf

lkP;P;O{

-c+s !, tflnsf

#=@#_

k|;f/0f g]6js{sf]

pkof]udf j[l4

Ifdtf pkof]u

k|;f/0f nfOgsf]

sf/s tTj xf]

k|;f/0f nfOg

-PDk]/_df ePsf] clws

rfksf] cg'kft, Sjf6/

/ l8hfOg Ifdtfdf

v08Ls[t nfOg .

-k|;f/0f nfOg

cjojsf] v08Ls[t

Joj:yf_

k|ltzt )Ü kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

kmfObf a9]df

lgdf{0f ;do 6]an

5'6]sf] sfdsf]

lbg

lgdf{0f sDkgLn] l6kf]6

u/]sf] ;fd'bflos

snxsf] sf/0fn]] sfd

;+Vof kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g] kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

39



cg';f/ g} /xg]5 . /f]Sg' k/]sf lbgx¿sf]

;+Vof cfly{s÷

Ocf/l;M

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿

aLr ljQLo /

cfly{s lxt

;Gt'ng ug]{

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g] kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g] kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

k|fljlws÷

O/l;M

;'/lIft /

ljZj;gLo

k|0ffnLsf]

;~rfng tyf

k|f]T;fxg ug]{

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g] kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g] kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g] kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

Ohfht

kq÷Ocf/l;M

s'zn ljB't If]q

;~rfngsf nflu

sfg"gL ¿k/]vf

:yfkgf u/L

cg'udg ug]{

kl5 lgwf{/0f


ul/g] kl5 lgwf{/0f


;/f]sf/jfnf÷

Ocf/l;M

Ohfhtkq jfnf,

pef]Qmf / cGo

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿

nfO{ ljjfb

;dfwfg ug]{

;+oGq /

;fj{hlgs k/fdz{

k|bfg ug]{

kl5 lgwf{/0f


ul/g] kl5 lgwf{/0f


PgO{PnfO{ k|;f/0f

;DaGwL lgodx¿

k|ltsf] cfˆgf]

bfloTjx¿nfO{

kfngf /

sfof{Gjog ug{

;xof]u ug]{ .

kl5 lgwf{/0f


ul/g] kl5 lgwf{/0f


40



PgO{Psf] k|;f/0f

k|0ffnL ;DaGwL

of]hgf /

kl/of]hgfsf]

lqmofsnfk x¿sf]

tof/Ldf ;'wf/

ug]{

kl5 lgwf{/0f


ul/g] kl5 lgwf{/0f


PgO{Psf] k|;f/0f

k|0ffnL ;~rfng /

Joj:yfkg ug]{

Ifdtfdf ;'wf/

ug]{

kl5 lgwf{/0f


ul/g] kl5 lgwf{/0f


ljB't

ljsf; ljefu

sf] ljB't

Joj:yfkg / To;

If]qsf] lgu/fgL

;DaGwL sfo{df

;'wf/ ug]{

kl5 lgwf{/0f


ul/g] kl5 lgwf{/0f


kl/0ffd ;"rsx¿

k|;f/0fsf]

k"jf{wf/x¿

yk ul/Psf]

k|;f/0f Ifdtf

Ifdtfdf j[l4sf] cy{

Pdl;l; ;xfotf åf/f

x]l/ hfFr ul/Psf]

cflwsfl/s, d]ufjf6

df dfkg ePsf /

k'glg{df{0f / pGgt

gofF k|;f/0fsf]

nfOgx¿ x'g\ .

kfFr v08sf] x/]s

k|;f/0f nfOgdf Ifdtf

j[l4

gofF x]6f}+8f– /ftdf6]

$)) s]=eL l8÷l;

(kV D/C

/ftdf6]b]lv

nK;Lkm]bL$)) s]=eL

l8÷l; (kV D/C)

/ftdf6]b]lv gofF

bdf}nL $)) s]=eL

d]ufjf6

) #,(@)

;|f]tM WSP

k|fljlws lgb{]l{zsf

^,

ld;g l/kf]6{, dfr{

@)!&, cg';"rL

O(E), k[i7 @

tflnsf @

41



l8÷l; (kV D/C)

gofF bdf}nLb]lv gofF

a'6jn$)) s]=eL

l8÷l; (kV D/C)

gofF a'6jnb]lv

ef/tsf] ;Ldfgf;Dd

-yk uf]/vk'/,

ef/t;Dd_

;a–:6];gsf]

k"jf{wf/x¿

;a–

:6];gsf]k|;f/0fdf

Ifdtf

yk

Pdl;l;sf] ;xfotf /

cflwsfl/s

O{lGhlgo/åf/f hfFr

ul/Psf]

cflwsfl/s,ef]N6

Pdlko/df dfkg

ePsf / k'glg{df{0f /

pGgt gofF

;a–:6];g/ ;a–

:6];gsf] k|;f/0fdf yk

ul/Psf] s'n Ifdtf .

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df,

o;df # j6f

$))÷@@) s]=eL

(kV) sf] ;a–

:6];gx¿ /x]sf 5g\

gofF a'6jn, gofF

bdf}nL, / /ftdf6] .

d]uf

ef]N6

Pdlko/

)

hDdfM@,##)

/ftdf6] -^$)_

gofF bdf}nL

-^$)_

gofF a'6jn-!,)%)_

;|f]tM WSP

k|fljlws lgb{]l{zsf

^,

ld;g l/kf]6{, dfr{

@)!&, cg';"rL

O(E),k]h=!

k|;f/0fsf]

k"jf{wf/x¿

lgdf{0f /

:t/f]Gglt ul/Psf]

lsnf]ld6/ k|;f/0f

nfOg

Pdl;l;sf] ;xfotfdf

k'glg{df{0f, k'g:yf{lkt

:t/f]Gglt ul/Psf] /

gofF k|;f/0f nfOgsf]

s'n

lsnf]ld6/

g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df,

o;df k"j{b]lv

klZrd;Dd / gofF

a'6jnb]lv ef/tsf]

;Ldfgf ;Dd $))

s]=eL (kV) sf]

k|;f/0fnfOg .

nIo ;DaGwL ;"rsn]

lsnf]ld6/

)

NR1- gofF bdf}nLb]lv /ftdf6]M

**=@# ls=ld

NR1-/ftdf6]b]lv

nK;Lkm]bLM %&=*#

ls=ld

NR1--/ftdf6]b]lv

gofF x]6f}+8fM %%=%(

ls=ld

gofF bdf}nLb]lv gofF

42



b'a} NR1/

XB1;DaGwL

kl/of]hgfx¿nfO{

k|i6fpFb5, NR1/

XB1kl/of]hgf df @

j6f ;ls{6 /x]sf 5g\ .

To;}n] nfOgsf]

nDafO{nfO{ bf]Aa/

ul/Psf] 5 .

a'6jnM *$ ls=ld

XB1/ gofF a'6jnb]lv ef/tsf]

;Ldfgf;DdM @#

ls=ld=

hDdfM ^!&=#

lsnf]ld6/

;|f]tM l6l6l8PkmP;

k|ltj]bg, c+s=

(,k[i7 $ (B1/ Pg

a'6jn–Pg bdf}nL_,

k[i7 !!^

-afFsL /x]sf] #

v08_

;a–:6];gsf]

k"jf{wf/x¿

;a–:6];g lgdf{0f

ePsf] ;8ssf]

nDafO

;a–:6];gnfO{ 5'g]

lgdf{0f ePsf] ;8ssf]

nDafO

lsnf]ld6/ ) #=#

;|f]tM l6l6l8PkmP;

k|ltj]bg, c+s=

(,k[i7 !@% kl/lzi6

#

Nfesf] lx:;]bf/L

;DaGwL]

lqmofsnfk x¿sf]

sfof{Gjog

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g] -

h8fg jf yk ljB'tsf]

k|fjwfg_

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

cfly{s÷

Ocf//l;M

If]qLo

;/f]sf/jfnf x¿

aLr ljQLo /

cfly{s ;Gt'ng

/fVg]

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]


ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

k|fljlws÷

Ocf/l;M

;'/lIft /

ljZj;gLo

;~rfng

k|0ffnLsf] k|rf/

ug]{

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]


ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

43



Ohfht

kq÷Ocf/l;M

s'zn kfj/ If]q

;~rfngsf nflu

sfg"gL ¿k/]vf

:yfkgf ul/

cg'udg ug]{

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]


ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

;/f]sf/jfnf÷

Ocf/l;M

Ohfht lng]

JolQmx¿,

pkef]Qmfx¿ /

cGo

;/f]sf/jfnx¿

nfO{ ljjfb

;dfwfg ug]{

;+oGq /

;fj{hlgs k/fdz{

k|bfg ug]{

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]


ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

PgO{PnfO{ :jtGq

lgofds

lgsfoåf/f

lgwf{l/t k|;f/0f

;DaGwL lgodx¿

k|ltsf] cfˆgf]

bfloTj kfngf /

sfof{Gjog ug{

;xof]u ug]{ .

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]


ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

PgO{Psf] k|;f/0f

k|0ffnL ;DaGwL

of]hgf /

kl/of]hgfsf]

lqmofsnfx¿ sf]

tof/Ldf ;'wf/

ug]{

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]


ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

PgO{Psf] k|;f/0f

k|0ffnL ;~rfng

ug]{ / Joj:yfkg

ug]{ Ifdtfdf

;'wf/ ug]{

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]


ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

44



ljB't

ljsf; ljefusf]

ljB't Joj:yfkg

/ To; If]qsf]

lgu/fgL ;DaGwL

sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf

;'wf/ ug]{

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]


ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f

ul/g]

kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

;8s dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL kl/of]hgf

kl/0ffd ;"rs kl/efiff PsfO{ a];nfOg ;Demf}tfsf] nIo

kl/0ffdsf ;"rsx¿

P;cf/Pgdf

x'g] 9'jfgL

vr{df x'g]

a[l4 x6fOg]

;8s

k'g:yf{kgf ÷

;'wf/df x'g]

vr{ 36fOg]

P;cf/Pg

sf] /kmg];

kkmd]{G;

P;cf/Pgsf] g]kfnL

dfkb08 cg';f/ /f]8

/kmg];sf] v/fa >]0fL

-cfOcf/cfO{ * eGbf

sd_, g/fd|f] >]0fL

-cfOcf/cfO{ ^ b]lv *

;Dd_, l7s}sf] >]0fL

-cfOcf/cfO{ $ b]lv ^

;Dd_ / /fd|f] >]0fL

-cfOcf/cfO{ $ eGbf

sd_ df kg]{ lx:;fx¿ .

/f]8 /kmg]; cGt/f{li6«o

/kmg]; ;"rLsf cfwf/df

gflkg]5 .

k|ltzt

@)!%÷!^

v/fa M $$Ü

g/fd|f] M #$Ü

l7s} M !%Ü

/fd|f] M ^Ü

;|f]t M cfO{Pd;L

6f:s ! l/kf]6{,

;f/f+z

l;O{l8 M

v/fa M $#Ü

g/fd|f] M ##Ü

l7s} M !%Ü

/fd|f] M (Ü

;|f]t M #)% ls=ld=df

v/fa÷g/fd|f]af6

7Ls÷/fd|f] b]lvPsf]

;'wf/sf cfwf/df

ul/Psf] u0fgf

P;cf/Pg

sf] ;km]{;

l8:6«];

kkmd]{G;

P;cf/Pgsf] g]kfnL

dfkb08 cg';f/ /f]8

;km{]; l8:6«];sf] g/fd|f]

>]0fL

-P;l8cfO{ #=! b]lv %

;Dd_, l7s} >]0fL

-P;l8cfO{ !=* b]lv #

;Dd_ / /fd|f] >]0fL

-P;l8cfO{ !=* eGbf

sd_df kg]{ lx:;fx¿ .

/f]8 ;km{]; l8:6«]; ;km{];

-P; l8 cfO{_ l8:6«];

;"rLsf cfwf/df

gflkg]5 .

k|ltzt

@)!%÷!^

g/fd|f] M !*Ü

l7s} M &&Ü

/fd|f] M $Ü

;|f]t M cfO{Pd;L

6f:s ! l/kf]6{,

;f/f+z

l;O{l8 M

g/fd|f] M !*Ü

l7s} M &&Ü

/fd|f] M $Ü

;|f]t M cfO{Pd;L

6f:s ! l/kf]6{, ;f/f+z

dd{t ;Def/ ;8s ;8s ljefun] jflif{s cd]l/sL @)!$÷!% ;Demf}tf cg';f/sf]

45



sfof{Gjogdf

;'wf/

ljefusf]

jflif{s dd{t

vr{

?kdf lgoldt cfjlws

dd{t ;Def/ sfo{df ug]{

vr{

8n/ # s/f]8 %* nfv -#

cj{ ^( s/f]8 @)

nfv_ g]kfnL

?k}ofFnfO{ ! 8n/

a/fa/ !)#=!^ ?=

sf] b/df kl/jt{g

ul/Psf]_

;|f]t M cfO{Pd;L

6f:s ! l/kf]6{, k[i7

!#

;8s dd{t sfo{ z'?

x'g' cl3 # jif{el/df

ul/Psf] @ s/f]8 @%

nfv 8n/ eGbf

a9Lsf] vr{

;|f]tM ;8s dd{t

kl/of]hgf l8hfOg

kl/0ffd ;"rsx¿

dd{t ;Def/

sfo{

k"0f{tf

kfPsf ;8s

v08x¿

-ls=ld= df_

gofF ;8s lgdf{0f jf

/lxcfPsf] ;8ssf]

k'glg{df{0f, k'g:yf{kgf,

l/;km]{l;ª jf ;'wf/ sfo{

;dfKt ePsf]

-:jLs[t eO{ k|df0fkq

a'emfOPsf]_ ;8s v08

-ls=ld= df_

nlIft ;8s v08x¿df

Pr)@M x]6f}+8fb]lv

ledkm]bL, Pr)&M

rf/cfnLb]lv lkmlbd,

Pr)*M w/fgb]lv

a;Gtk'/÷lrq], Pr)(M

sb\dxfb]lv ufO{3f6 /

Pr!!M cd]lnofb]lv

t'N;Lk'/ v08x¿

kg]{5g\ .

ls=ld= )

hDdfM

#)% ;Dd -dd{t

;Demf}tfx¿df pNn]v

ul/P adf]lhd nIo

kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsg]5_

;|f]tM cf/PdkL

l8hfOg / @)!&

cf/PdkL l;aLP

dd{t ;Def/

sfo{ /kmg];

Ps lsnf]ld6/ b"/L kf/

ubf{ ld6/df gflkg]

prfO{sf] cfwf/df ul/g]

/f]8 ;km]{;sf] /kmg];sf]

dfkg . o; dfkgn]

;Demf}tfsf] nufgL /x]sf]

;8s dd{t sfo{sf]

;dflKtsf avtsf]

cfOcf/cfO nfO{ hgfpF5 .

k|lt lsnf]ld6/

cfOcf/cfOdf b]lvPsf]

kl/df0fsf] hDdf

ld6/ k|lt

lsnf]ld6/

Pr)&M

-rf/cfnL b]lv

lkmlbd_ M *=)

Pr)*M -w/fg b]lv

a;Gtk'/÷lrq]_M *=(

Pr)(M -sb\dxf b]lv

ufO{3f6_M (=)

Pr)@M -x]6f}+8f b]lv

ledkm]bL_M (=*

Pr!!M -cd]lnof

b]lv t'N;Lk'/_M &=!

;Demf}tf ;dfkg x'g]

;dodf -@)@@

cg'dflgt_M

Pr)&M #=%

Pr)*M #=%

Pr)(M #=%

Pr)@M $=!

Pr!!M #=%

46



of]ukmn÷hDdf ;8s

v08sf] cfwf/df lx;fa

ul/Psf] .

-@)!^_ ;|f]tM@)!&

cf/PdkL l;laP

;|f]tM @)!& cf/PdkL

;LlaP

k|fljlws

;xfotf

/fhdfu{

Joj:yfkg

;"rgf

k|ljlw

8f6fj];sf]

;+Vof

/fhdfu{ Joj:yfkg

;"rgf k|ljlw 8f6fj];n]

k"0f{tf k|fKt u/L ;Dk"0f{

g]6js{sf] nflu ljN6

P08 l8km\n]S;g 8f6fsf]

?kdf cWofjlws ul/Psf]

ldlt

ldlt nfu" gx'g] kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g]

ldnfg sf]if

;8s

ljefusf]

jflif{s dd{t

ah]6

;8s ljefun] jflif{s

?kdf lgoldt cfjlws

?kdf ug]{ dd{t sfo{sf]

nflu 5'6\ofPsf] ah]6

cd]l/sL

8n/

cf=j= @)!^M

$ s/f]8 -$ cj{ @*

s/f]8 g]kfnL

?k}ofnfO{ ! 8n/

a/fa/ !)#=!^

?k}ofsf] b/df

kl/jt{g ul/Psf]_

;|f]t M cfO{Pd;L

6f:s ! l/kf]6{, k[i7

(

;Demf}tf cg';f/sf]

;8s dd{t sfo{ z'?

x'g' cl3 # jif{el/df

ul/Psf] @ s/f]8 @%

nfv 8n/ eGbf

a9Lsf] vr{

;|f]tM cf/PdkL

l8hfOg

%= d"NofÍg cjoj

sfo{qmd Joj:yfkgsf] nflu sfo{qmdsf] /fd|f] cg'udg cfjZos eP tfklg clGtd kl/0ffd lgwf{/0f

ug{sf] nflu cg'udg dfq kof{Kt x'Fb}g . t;y{, Pdl;l;n] sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tf dfkg ug{sf] nflu

ljleGg d"NofÍgsf ljlwx¿nfO{ k"/s pkfosf] ?kdf ;d]6\g' kg]{ wf/0ff /fVb5 . Pdl;l; PdP08O{

gLltdf pNn]v ul/P h:t} d"NofÍg sfo{qmdsf] l8hfOg, sfof{Gjog / kl/0ffdsf] d'Vo / Jojl:yt

cfFsng xf] . sfo{qmdx¿sf]] ck]lIft kl/0ffdsf c;/x¿ a'em\g / nfut k|efjsfl/tf d"NofÍg ug{

d"NofÍgnfO{ cfjZos eP cg';f/ ;jn agfpg Pdl;l; k|lta4 5 . PdP08O{ of]hgfdf tLg

cjojx¿ ;dfj]z x'g ;Sg]5g\\M -!_ :jtGq d"NofÍg -c;/ /÷jf sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg_, -@_

:jd"NofÍg, / -#_ ljz]if cWoog, h;nfO{ lj:t[t ?kdf Pdl;l; PdP08O{ gLltdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

47

-s_ :jtGq d"NofÍg

k|To]s kl/of]hgfsf] lj:t[t ?kdf Pdl;l; PdP08O{ gLlt cg';f/ :jtGq d"NofÍg -c;/ /÷jf

sfo{;Dkfbg_ ug'{ kg]{5 . PdP08O{ gLltsf] d"NofÍg cjojn] d"NofÍgsf] p2]Zo, sfo{k|0ffnL, ;do

tflnsf, cfjZos Pdl;l;sf :jLs[ltx¿ / k|To]s d"NofÍgsf nflu cfjZos tYofÍsf] ;Íng /

;dLIffsf] af/]df pNn]v ug]{5 . k|To]s :jtGq d"NofÍgnfO{ :jtGq t];|f] kIfx¿åf/f l8hfOg /

sfof{Gjog u/fOg' kb{5 . ;/sf/n] d"NofÍgstf{sf] ;]jf lng rfx]df Pdl;l;sf] k"j{ :jLs[lt cfjZos

kg]{5 . ;fy}, ;Demf}tfsf zt{x¿ Pdl;l;nfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g'k5{ / To:tf zt{x¿n]] kl/0ffd k"jf{u|fxL

gePsf] / kl/0ffd k|sflzt ug]{ s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{k5{ .

k|To]s :jtGq d"NofÍgsf] ;DaGwdf, Pdl;P–g]kfnn] :jtGq d"NofÍgstf{nfO{ k|:tfljt d"NofÍgsf

lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ;DefJotf, / d"NofÍgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd k|fljlws ?kdf / tYout cfwf/df ;xL

ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu l8hfOg k|ltj]bg, d"NofÍg ;fdu|L -k|Zgf]Q/ ;d]t_, a];nfOg k|ltj]bg, /

cGo cGtl/d÷clGtd k|ltj]bgsf] ;dLIff u/L k|ltlqmof lbg]5 .

-v_ ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfM

ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfsf] d"NofÍg Ps ;+VofTds tYofÍdf cfwfl/t sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg x'g] ck]Iff

ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] Pdl;l;sf] nufgLsf] kl/0ffdn] ug]{ c;/sf] d"NofÍg ug{sf] nflu pTkfbg, nf]8

km\nf], / k}7f/L, lgsf;L tYofÍsf] k|of]u ug]{5 . o;n] pRr:t/sf c;/x¿ -h:t} lu|8 u|fxsx¿sf]

k|To]s o'lg6 afkt x'g] ljB't vkt / vr{_ sf] dfkg ug{sf] nflu ;DejtM 3/fo;L jf Jofkfl/s

tYofÍ ;Íng cjoj klg ;dfj]z ug]{5 . d"NofÍgn] k|s[ofsf] cWoog, ;Ssn l8hfOgsf]

sfof{Gjogsf] ljZj;lgotfsf] lgwf{/0f, / tfls{s qmdsf cl3Nnf kl/0ffdsf] d"NofÍgsf nflu ul/g] k"j{

tof/LnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g]5 . b]xfosf k|Zgx¿n] l8hfOgnfO{ dfu{lgb]{z ug]{5M

• ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgf of]hgf cg';f/ g} sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] lyof]< sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ k|f/Ded}

lgwf{l/t :k]l;lkms];g adf]lhd 5 <

• ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfsf] sf/0f g]kfndf nf]8;]l8ª 36]sf] 5 < of] k|Zg b]xfo adf]lhdsf]

nf]8;]l8ªsf] kl/0ffd ;"rs;Fu ;DalGwt 5 .

• ;Ldfkf/ ljB't Jofkf/nfO{ ljB't k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfn] s;/L kl/jt{g u/]sf] 5 < of] k|Zg

kl/of]hgfsf] b]xfo cg';f/sf] k}7f/L ePsf] ljB't / lgof{t ul/Psf] ljB't kl/0ffd ;"rs;Fu

;DalGwt 5 .

• k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfdf ljsf;sf] ;lGgsif{n] g]kfnL u|fx:Yo / Jofkfl/s ;+:yfx¿n] ug]{ lu|8df

/x]sf] ljB'tsf] k|of]udf j[l4 u/]sf] 5 < of] k|Zg b]xfo cg';f/sf] kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zo /x]sf]

k|lt JolQm ljB't pkof]usf] kl/0ffd ;"rs;Fu ;DalGwt 5 .

• k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfsf] ljsf; (BIKAS) pkfon] kl/of]hgfdf :yfgLosf] cj/f]w / lgdf{0fdf x'g]

l9nfO{nfO{ 36fPsf] 5 < of] k|Zg b]xfo cg';f/sf] sfo{ cj/f]w ePsf] lbgsf] kl/0ffd ;"rs;Fu

;DalGwt 5 .

48

• lqmofsnfk !=# sf] dfkm{t k|fljlws ;xof]u;Fu ;DalGwt yk d"NofÍgsf k|Zgx¿nfO{ nlIft

kl/0ffdsf] a'emfO{ kZrft ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .

cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg -PdP08O{_ of]hgfn] b]xfosf] d"NofÍg ;"rsx¿nfO{ ;d]6\g]5M


kl/0ffd ;"rs kl/efiff PsfO{ a];nfOg nIo nlIft

ldlt

kl/0ffd ;"rsx¿

Uffx{Yo /

Jofkf/df vr{{

hf]lug]

kl/of]hgfsf]

p2]ZoM ljB't

vktdf a[l4

ljt/0fsf]

nflu cfk"lt{df

a[l4

k|lt

JolQm

x'g]

ljB't

vkt

g]kfndf

jflif{s ?kdf

k|lt JolQmn]

vkt ug]{

ljB'tsf]

dfqf

lsnf]

jf6

cfj/÷

Soflk6f

!## -@)!^_

;|f]tM g]ljk|fsf] jflif{s

k|ltj]bg @)!%÷^

-ljB'tsf] hDdf laqmL_,

g]kfn ;/sf/, s]Gb|Lo

tYofÍ ljefu, hg;+Vof

cfFsng @)!!–@)#!,

/fli6«o 3/w'/L hgu0fgf

@)!!, c+s * PgPrkL;L

@)!! -;g\ @)!^ hg;+Vof

cg'dfg_

#($

;|f]tM l6l6

Jojxfl/stf

cWoogdf kLP;P;O

-c+s ! 6]an #=@#,

vktdf !%Ü k|fljlws

IftL 36fpFbf_, nfO{

cg'dflgt hg;+Vof

#,@&,%(,#)@ n] efu

ug]{

@)@#

-u_ ;8s dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL kl/of]hgf

;8s dd{t ;Def/ ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfsf] d"NofÍg ;+VofTds / u'0ffTds cjoj k|of]u u/L ul/g]

sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg x'g]5 egL ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . tL cjojx¿ dWo] PsM Prl8Pd – $ -HDM-4_

df]8]n k|of]u ul/g] cfly{s df]8lnË x'g]5 . Pdl;l;sf] nufgL x'g' k"j{ / nufgL eP kZrftsf b'j}

;dodf P;cf/Pgdf kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ ;8s v08x¿sf] Ps :jtGq ljZn]if0fåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] u'0f:t/sf]

tYofÍ cfjZos kg]{5 . kl/of]hgfsf] sfo{ ;dfKt ePsf] sDtLdf @–# jif{ kZrft Prl8Pd–$ df]8n /

clGtd :jtGq d"NofÍg ul/g'kg]{5 . :jtGq d"NofÍgstf{n] nufgL lg0f{odf k|of]u ul/Psf] Prl8Pd–$

sf] lx;fasf] ljZn]if0f ug]{5 / df]8ndf ;'wf/ ug{ a];nfOg tYofÍ ;Íng cfjZos 5 jf 5}g egL

lgwf{/0f ug{]5 . P;cf/Pgdf oftfoft nfutdf lgoGq0f ug]{ kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zosf] kl/0ffdnfO{

d"NofÍg ug]{ ePsf] sf/0f o; u'0ffTds cjojn] k|fljlws ;xfotf / dd{t sfo{ b'a}sf] k|efjsfl/tfsf]

af/]df :ki6 ug]{5 . ;8s ljefusf] dd{t of]hgf / sfof{Gjogdf ;'wf/ ug{ k|fljlws ;xof]usf]

k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ d"NofÍgsf] u'0ffTds kIfn]] ;Daf]wg ug]{ k|oTg ug]{5 . k|s[ofx¿ cfwf/ /]vfaf6

clGtd /]vfdf kl/jt{g ePsf] n]vfÍg /÷jf sfuhftx¿sf] ;dLIff / lg/LIf0f ug{sf] nflu ul/g]

k|s[ofut d"NofÍgnfO{ klg o;n] ;d]6\g ;Sg]5 . b]xfosf k|Zgx¿ ;d]tn] d"NofÍgsf] l8hfOgnfO{

dfu{lgb]{z ug]{5M

49

• ;8ssf] dd{tdf ul/Psf] nufgLsf] cfly{s k|ltkmn s] xf] -;jf/L kl/rfng nfut

art / ofqf ;do artsf] cfwf/df u0fgf ul/Psf]_ < of] k|Zgn] lgDg kl/0ffd ;"rsx¿;Fu hf]8\b5M

;8ssf] ?vf]kgf -/kmg];_ / ;km]{; l8:6«]; ;"rsfÍ .

• ;8s k|flws/0fsf] jt{dfg ;Da4 dd{t ;Def/ sfo{x¿ s] s] x'g\ / Pdl;l;sf] nufgL

kof{Kt x'g] ;Defjgf slQsf] /x]sf] 5 < ;'wfl/Psf] dd{tdf ul/g] nufgLsf k|efjx¿ s] s] x'g\ < s]

;Dk"0f{ g]6js{sf] dd{t ;Def/ ;'lw|Psf] 5 < oL k|Zgx¿ Kl/0ffd ;"rsM ;8s dd{t ;Def/ vr{sf]

6«ofl{sË / ;'wfl/Psf dd{t of]hgf / sfof{Gjog;Fu ;DalGwt ljrf/fwLg ;"rs;Fu hf]l8Psf 5g\ .

;8s dd{t kl/of]hgf

kl/0fd ;"rs kl/efiff OsfO{

-o"lg6_

a];nfOg nIo nlIft

ldlt

kl/0ffd ;"rs

kl/of]hgfsf]

p2]Zo M

P;cf/Pgdf

oftfoft nfut

j[l¢ lgoGq0f

ug]{ .

;8s

k'g:yfkgf÷

;'wf/df x'g]

vr{ hf]ufpg] .

/kmg];

Ps lsnf]ld6/ b"/L kf/ ubf{

ld6/df gflkg] prfO{sf] cfwf/df

ul/g] /f]8 ;km]{;sf] /kmg];sf]

dfkg . -k|lt lsnf]ld6/

cfOcf/cfOdf b]lvPsf] kl/df0fsf]

hDdf of]ukmn ÷hDdf ;8s v08

sf] cfwf/df lx;fa ul/Psf]_ .

ld6/ k|lt

lsnf]ld6/

Pr)&M

*=)

Pr)*M

*=(

Pr)(M

(=)

Pr)@M

(=*

Pr!!M&=!

-@)!^_

;|f]tM @)!&

cf/PdkL

;LlaP

Pr)&M

#=&

Pr)*M

#=*

Pr)(M

#=&

Pr)@M

$=$

Pr!!M #=&

;|f]tM

@)!&

cf/PdkL

;LlaP

sfo{

;dfkg

ePsf] #

jif{ kl5

-3_ :jd"NofÍg

;Demf}tf cjlwsf] ;dfkg;Fu}, Pdl;l; / Pdl;P–g]kfn b'j} kIfn] # d'Vo k|Zgx¿sf] d"NofÍg ug{] 5g\M

!_ sfo{qmdn] kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zo k|fKt u¥of] jf u/]g <, @_ sfo{qmdn] kl/of]hgfsf p2]ZonfO{ lsg k"/f

u¥of] jf lsg u/]g <, #_ sfof{Gjog -;f/e"t / sfo{ljlwut_ cg'ejaf6 s] kf7 l;Sg ;lsG5 <

Pdl;P–g]kfnsf sd{rf/Ln] oL d'Vo k|Zgx¿nfO{ / sfo{qmdsf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf cGo kIfx¿nfO{ d"NofÍg

ug{ ;Demf}tfsf] clGtd jif{sf] sfof{Gjog k|ltj]bg -“l;=l;=cf/=”_ d:of}bf ug{]5g\ . k|To]s Pdl;P–

g]kfnsf ljefu cfkm"n] tof/ u/]sf] l;=l;=cf/= sf] nflu cGt/ljefuLo ;dLIffsf] cwLgdf /xg] u/L

lhDd]jf/ x'g]5g\ . Pdl;P–g]kfnsf sd{rf/Ln] l;=l;=cf/= tof/ u/] kZrft\ Pdl;l;sf ;DalGwt

sd{rf/Ln] ;Demf}tf sfo{;Dkfbg ;dLIff tof/ ug{]5g\ . l;=l;=cf/= ;/x k|To]s Pdl;l;sf] ljefu klg

cfˆgf] pNn]lvt sfo{sf] nflu cGt/ljefuLo ;dLIffsf] cwLgdf /xg] u/L lhDd]jf/ x'g]5 .

-ª_ ljz]if cWoog

Pd P08 O{ of]hgfsf] :jLs[lt k"j{ ;/sf/ / Pdl;l;n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf ljz]if cWoogsf] ;~rfng ug{sf]

nflu lg0f{o ug{]5g\ . PdP08O{ of]hgfn] ;Demf}tfsf] lg/LIf0f / d"NofÍgsf] nflu ljz]if cWoog,

50

cGtl/d d"NofÍg / cg';Gwfg klxrfg u/L cfjZos k|fjwfgx¿ agfpg ;Sb5 . ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw

;dfKt x'g' k"j{ g} ;/sf/ jf Pdl;l;n] ljz]if cWoog, kl/of]hgf, sfo{ jf k"/f sfo{qmdsf] cGtl/d

d"NofÍgsf] nflu cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sb5g\ .

Pdl;l;sf] PdP08O{ gLlt cg';f/ ;Dk"0f{ d"NofÍgx¿sf] glthf ;fj{hlgs ?kdf pknAw u/fOg]5 .

^= tYofÍ u'0f:t/ ;dLIff -8f6f Sjflnl6 l/Eo'_

sfo{;Dkfbgsf] ;"rgfsf] pkof]lutf, lgikIftf / ;Dk"0f{tfsf] ;dLIff ug]{ ljlwx¿dWo] tYofÍ u'0f:t/

;dLIff -l8So'cf/_ klg Ps xf] . l8So'cf/n] -s_ tYofÍsf]] u'0f:t/, -v_ tYofÍ ;Íngsf dfWodx¿ -Uf_

;j{] :ofDklnª d]yf]8f]nf]hL, -3_ tYofÍ ;Íngsf k|lqmofx¿, -ª_ tYofÍsf] b:tfj]hLs/0f / k'gM

k|flKtsf k|lqmofx¿, -Rf_ tYofÍ ldnfg tyf ljZn]if0f, -5_ tYofÍ ljt/0fnfO{ ;d]6\g' kg]{5 . l8So'cf/

Ps :jtGq ;+:yf -;dLIff ul/g' kg]{ sfo{qmdsf] cfsf/sf] cfwf/df lglxt x'g] u/L :yfgLo jf

cGt/f{li6«o kmd{ jf cg';Gwfg ;+:yf, jf Ps JolQmut ;Nnfxsf/_ åf/f ul/g' Pdl;l;sf] cfjZostf

xf] . tYofÍsf] u'0f:t/sf] ;dLIffsf] lgoldttf / ;do to ubf{ Pd P08 O{ gLlt cg';f/ ul/g'k5{ .

oBlk Pdl;l;n] l8So'cf/sf] nflu h'g;'s} ;dodf klg cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sb5 . ;dLIffn] k|bfg ug]{ s'g}

cy{k"0f{ /f]syfdsf pkfox¿÷;dfwfgx¿ -s'g} ePdf_ sf] nflu ;do ;fGble{s xf];\ egL l8So'cf/sf]

;do to ubf{ ;Demf}tfsf] cjlwsf] z'? cj:yfdf g} to ul/g'k5{ . ;dLIffsf] d]yf]8f]nf]hLn] b:tfj]h /

/]s8{ ;dLIffx¿, :ynut e|d0fx¿, cGtjf{tf{x¿ / kmf]s; ;d"xx¿sf] ld>0f ;dfj]z u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 .

&= PdP08O{ of]hgfsf cGo kIfx¿

cg'udg / d"NofÍgsf cltl/Qm, PdP08O{ of]hgfn] lgDg kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]6\g] 5 M

-s_ Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL

Pd P08 O{ of]hgfn] tYofÍ ;Íng ug{, e08f/ ug{, ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;"rgf k|bfg ug{ k|of]u ul/g]

;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ Pd P08 O{ of]hgf adf]lhd ;Íng / k|dfl0ft ul/Psf ;"rgfx¿ k|of]u ug{

rfxg]x¿n] h'g;'s} ;dodf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] s'/f pNn]v ug]{5 . ;f] k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ubf{ sfo{qmdsf

ljleGg kIfsf] cfjZostf / tYofÍsf] cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /flvg]5 / Pdl;l;sf cGo k|0ffnL,

;]jfk|bfos / dGqfnox¿;Fu ;Da4 x'g]5 .

-v_ ah]6

PdP08O{ of]hgfsf ;a} cjojx¿sf] lj:t[t nfut cg'dfg .

*= PdP08O{ of]hgf agfpg]] lhDd]jf/L

Pdl;l; /fi6«x¿sf] /fli6«o ljsf; /0fgLlt;Fu aflemg] lsl;dsf sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rsx¿ lgwf{/0f ug{

cg'/f]w ug]{ 5}g .! o;y{, PdP08O{ of]hgfsf] ljsf;sf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L Pdl;l;sf] PdP08O{ /

cy{zf:qL sd{rf/Lsf] ;xsfo{df Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] PdP08O{ of]hgf lgb]{zgfnosf] x'g]5 . PdP08O{

of]hgfsf] ljsf; ubf{ d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿, Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] g]t[Tj / If]qLo g]t[Tj;lxt Pdl;l;

/]lh8]G6 sG6«L 8fO{/]S6/, cGo sd{rf/L -h:t} jftfj/0fLo / ;fdflhs sfo{;Dkfbg / n}lËs / ;fdflhs

! k|efjsf/L ljsf; ;xof]usf] nflu a';fg ;fem]bf/L, a';fg kl/0ffd b:tfj]h, ! l8;]Da/ @)!!, k[=%

51

;dfj]zLs/0f_ sf ;fy} cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 . ;Dk"0f{ PdP08O{ of]hgf

;xsfo{df ljsf; ub{} ubf{ Pd;L;L / Pdl;P–g]kfn kl/of]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] g]t[Tjn] kl/of]hgf /

sfo{qmdx¿sf] Joj:yfkg / lg/LIf0fdf pkof]uL x'g] k|lqmof / kl/0ffd txdf ;"rssf] rog ug{ d2t

ug]{5 .

(= PdP08O{ of]hgfsf] :jLs[lt / sfof{Gjog

PdP08O{ of]hgfsf] :jLs[lt / sfof{Gjog -;do ;dodf x'g] ;+zf]wg ;d]t_ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog

;Demf}tf, s'g} cGo k|f;+lus k"/s ;Demf}tf / Pd;L;L PdP08O{ gLlt cg';f/ x'g]5 . Pdl;P–g]kfnåf/f

k|:tfljt ;a} PdP08O{ of]hgf ;+zf]wg k"j{ lnlvt :jLs[ltsf] nflu Pd;L;L ;dIf k]z ug{' kg]{5 .

cf}krfl/s :jLs[lt k|lqmofsf] ;'?jft cl3 Pd;L;Lleq PdP08O{ of]hgfsf] ;xsdL{ ;dLIff ug{

;lsg]5 .

!)= ;Demf}tf kZrftsf] Pd P08 O{ of]hgf

;Demf}tfsf] cjlwsf] cGTodf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;dfkg ug]{ k|s[ofsf] Ps lx:;fsf] ¿kdf, Pd;L;L /

Pdl;P–g]kfnn] o; ;Demf}tfn] l;h{gf u/]sf lg/Gt/ kmfObf÷nfex¿sf] lg/LIf0f ug{ Ps ‘;Demf}tf

kZrft\sf] PdP08O{ of]hgf’ sf] lgdf{0f ug{]5g\ . To; of]hgfn] eljiodf ul/g] cg'udg / lg/LIf0fsf

lqmofsnfksf] JofVof ug]{5 eg] oL lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug]{ JolQm / ;Ë7gnfO{ klxrfg u/L ;f]sf]

nflu ah]6 9fFrf k|bfg ug{]5 . ;Demf}tf kZrftsf] Pd P08 O{ of]hgf o; ;Demf}tfsf] Pd P08 O{

of]hgf adf]lhd g} lgdf{0f ug{'kg]{5 .

52

cg';"rL $

;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] e'Stfg ug]{ zt{x¿

o; cg';"rL $ n] ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] e'StfgLsf] nflu nfu" x'g] zt{x¿ lgwf{/0f ub{5 -k|To]snfO{

o;kl5 “;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] e'StfgL” elgPsf]_ . ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfdf ;a} ;Demf}tf

l;l8Pkm e'StfgLsf cj:yf / gd"gfx¿sf] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog o;} cg';"rL $ adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!= k|f/lDes ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] e'StfgL ug{] zt{x¿

;'?sf] ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkm e'StfgLsf nflu b]xfosf sfo{ ePsf] x'g' kb{5 .

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] -Pdl;P–g]kfn_ Pdl;l; nfO{ k7fPsf] x'g'kg]{M

!= Pdl;l; nfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g] cGtl/d ljQLo pQ/bfloTjsf] of]hgf, /

@= Pdl;l; nfO{ :jLsfo{ x'g] ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] vl/b of]hgf .

v_ ;/sf/n] o; ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf @=* sf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu cfjZos lgodfjnL th'{df

u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .

u_ ;/sf/sf] of]ubfgsf] klxnf] cd]l/sL 8n/ $),))),))) sf] e'StfgLsf] nflu ;/sf/n]

Pdl;l; nfO{ :jLsfo{ 9fFrf / ljifodf Ps tflnsf / k|lqmof pknAw u/fpg]5 .

@= ;a} ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkm e'StfgLsf zt{x¿ -k|f/lDes ;Demf}tf ;l8Pkm e'StfgL ;d]t_

k|To]s ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkm e'StfgL eGbf cufl8 b]xfosf ljifo k"/f ePsf] x'g'kg]{5M

-s_ Pdl;l;nfO{ lrQ a'em\g] u/L ;/sf/ -jf Pdl;P–g]kfn_ n] lgDg sfuhftx¿ Pdl;l;nfO{

k7fPsf] x'g'kg]{5 .

!= l/kf]l6{ª lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd Ps k"0f{ e'StfgL cg'/f]w, e'StfgL cjlwsf] nflu nfu" x'g]

cfjlws k|ltj]bg,

@= Pdl;l;åf/f pknAw u/fOPsf] kmf/fd adf]lhd ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkm cg'/f]w ePsf] ldltsf]

;/sf/sf] -jf Pdl;P–g]kfnsf]_] k|df0fkq,

#= ljQLo Ph]G6 lgo'Qm ePdf ljQLo Ph]G6sf] e'StfgL k|df0fkq, /

$= vl/b Ph]G;L lgo'Qm ePdf vl/b Ph]G6sf] e'StfgL k|df0fkq .

-v_ ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkm e'StfgLsf] s'g} klg cfo a}+s vftfdf hDdf ug{' k/]df Pdl;l;n]

;Gtf]ifhgs k|df0f k|fKt u/]sfdfM != a}+s ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ePsf], / @= cg'dlt lbOPsf] vftf

:yflkt ul/Psf] .

53

-u_ Pdl;l;n] :jLsf/ u/]sf] ljQLo Ph]G6 ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ lgsfo jf JolQmnfO{ lgo'Qm ubf{

;/sf/n] Pdl;l;nfO{ ;xL / k"0f{ ?kdf sfof{Gjogdf cfpg] ljQLo Ph]G6 ;Demf}tf pknAw u/fpg'kg]{5

/ To;kl5 lgo'Qm ul/Psf] ljQLo Ph]G6 kl/rfng x'g]5 .

-3_ Pdl;l;n] :jLsf/ u/]sf] vl/b Ph]G6 ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ lgsfo jf JolQmnfO{ lgo'Qm ubf{

;/sf/n] Pdl;l;nfO{ ;xL / k"0f{ ?kdf sfof{Gjogdf cfpg] vl/b Ph]G6 ;Demf}tf pknAw u/fpg'kg]{5

/ To;kl5 lgo'Qm ul/Psf] ljQLo Ph]G6 kl/rfng x'g]5 .

-ª_ Pdl;l; lgDg s'/fx¿df ;Gt'i6 x'g'kg]{5= !_ k|:t't ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] vr{ ljt/0f

adf]lhd nufgL ePsf lqmofsnfkx¿ k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL p2]Zo;Fu / s'g} klg

k|rlnt sfg"g jf lgod;Fu aflemg] gePsf], @_ ;/sf/, Pdl;P–g]kfn jf cGo s'g} ;/sf/L lgsfon]

k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] k|lt1f, bfloTj jf lhDdjf/Lsf] ;f/e"t pNn+3g gu/]sf] / To:tf] s'g} pNn+3g k|:t't

;Demf}tf jf s'g} k"/s ;Demf}tf cGtu{t lg/Gt/ gePsf], #_ k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf @=& df jf s'g}

nfu" x'g] sfg"g jf lgodfjnLdf pNn]v ePsf] Pdl;l; sf]ifsf] k|of]u jf Jojxf/ ;DaGwL ;Ldfx¿sf]

pNn+3g gePsf] / h'g p2]Zosf] nflu sf]if k|fKt ug{ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] xf] ;f] p2]Zodf To:tf] sf]if

k|of]u ubf{ To:tf ;Ldfx¿sf] pNn+3g x'g] 5}g, $_ vr{ ljt/0f x'g'eGbf () lbg cufl8 o; Pdl;l;

sf]if dfkm{t e'QmfgL ePsf] s/ k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf @=* -u_ adf]lhd lkmtf{ ug{' kg]{5, %_ ;/sf/n]

k|:t't ;Demf}tf / s'g} k"/s ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf] aLdf, Ifltk"lt{, s/ e'QmfgL, jf cGo bfloTj nufotsf

e'QmfgL ;DaGwL ;a} bfloTjx¿ k"/f u/]sf] x'g'k5{ .

-r_ wf/f & adf]lhd of] ;Demf}tf nfu" eP kZrft x'g cfpg] s'g} klg ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf]

vr{ ;DaGwL ljj/0fdf Pdl;l; ;Gt'i6 /x]sf] x'g' kb{5 . Pdl;l; lgDg s'/fx¿df ;Gt'i6 /x]sf] x'g'kg]{

5M -!_ Pdl;l;n] k|fljlws k/fdz{bftfaf6 Pj+ Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] jftfj/0fLo n]vfk/LIfsaf6 k|fKt

ug'{kg]{ klxnf] e'QmfgL cg'/f]w kZrft\sf] k|ltj]bgsf] k|ltlnlk Pdl;l;n] k|fKt u/]sf] . o:tf ;a}

k|ltj]bgx¿sf] ;f/ / ?kdf Pdl;l; ;Gt'i6 x'g'kg]{5, -@_ of]hgf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL sfuhft /

cfly{s pQ/bfloTj ;DaGwL of]hgfx¿ cBfjlws ePsf] x'g' kb{5 / Pdl;l;n] tf]lsPsf] 9fFrf cg'¿k

ePsf], -#_ PdP08O{ of]hgf / PsLs[t ;fdflhs / n}lËs of]hgf ;DaGwL sfo{qmd jf kl/of]hgf jf

lqmofsnfkx¿df k|ult ePsf], -$_ klxn] b'O{ q}dfl;s -jf n]vf of]hgf cfjZos ePdf_ k|:t't

;Demf}tf / n]vf of]hgf cGtu{t k|bfg ul/Psf] n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bgdf s'g} klg gsf/fTds lgisif{

gcfPsf], -%_ Pdl;Pn] vr{ ljt/0f k|df0fkq, ljQLo Ph]G6 ljt/0f k|df0fkq jf vl/b Ph]G6 ljt/0f

k|df0fkqdf pNn]v ePsf] ljj/0fnfO{ k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5}g egL eGg gkfpg], -^_ Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] s'g}

klg clwsf/L jf sd{rf/LnfO{ x6fOPdf jf sd{rf/Ln] /fhLgfdf lbPdf, Pdl;P g]kfnn] pQm l/Qm kb

kl/k"lt{ ug]{.

-5_ k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf %=! adf]lhd Pdl;l;n] k|:t't ;Demf}tf jf o; ;Demf}tfsf] s'g}

Joj:yf jf Pdl;l; sf]ifnfO{ lgnDag jf ;dfKt ug]{ s'g} klg sfo{ jf cj:yfnfO{ lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5}g .

-h_ t];|f] ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] vr{ ljt/0f x'g' eGbf cufl8 ljB't k|;f/0f ;DaGwL of]hgfnfO{

/fli6«o uf}/jsf] of]hgfsf] ?kdf lnOg]5 .

-em_ dfly plNnlvt bkmf ! -u_ adf]lhdsf] cg';"rL / sfo{ljlwnfO{ ;/sf/n] kfngf ug{'kb{5 .

54

cg';'rL %

nfu" x'gsf nflu cltl/Qm k"j{ zt{x¿

k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf zt{x¿nfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg lgDgfg';f/sf yk k"j{ zt{x¿ clgjfo{ ?kdf kfngf

ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 .

-s_ ;/sf/n] Pdl;l;nfO{ ;f/ / ?kdf lrQ a'em\g] of]hgf tof/ kf/L k7fpg' kg]{5 / To:tf]

of]hgf k7fpFbf, ef/t ;/sf/n] ;f] of]hgfsf] ;dy{g u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 . To:tf] of]hgfn] -!_ gofF

a'6jn cGt/;Ldf uf]/vk'/ k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0fsf] nflu cfjZos k|d'v ljQLo tyf k|fljlws

sfo{of]hgf / -@_ ;f]sf] kl/rfngsf nflu cfjZos l;4fGt ;d]6]sf] x'g'kg]{,

-v_ ;/sf/n] ;+3Lo ;+;bdf ljB'tLo lgodg cfof]u ;DaGwL ljw]os kfl/t ePsf] jf ljw]os

kfl/t ug]{ sfddf Pdl;l; ;Gt'i6 x'g] u/L k|ult ePsf] s'/fsf] k|df0f ;/sf/n] Pdl;l; ;dIf

k]z u/]sf] x'g'kg]{,

-u_ ;Demf}tf cGTo x'g] ldlt cufj} kl/of]hgf ;DkGg ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] hUuf

k|flKt, lgdf{0f:yndf kx'Fr / jgIf]q pkof]usf] :jLs[lt ;DaGwL ;a} cfjZos sfo{ ;dod}

;DkGg ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ cfjZos ePsf] egL Pdl;l;n] klxrfg u/] adf]lhdsf :jLs[lt,

cg'dlt / lg0f{o lbO;s]sf] jf ul/;s]sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ :jLs[lt, O{hfhtkq cflb g]kfn

;/sf/n] k|bfg ul/;s]sf] x'g'kg]{,

-3_ ;/sf/n] ljB'tLo k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfnfO{ /fli6«o uf}/jsf] kl/of]hgfsf] ?kdf tf]s]sf] x'g'kg]{ .

55

cg';'rL ^

kl/efiff

lqmofsnfksf] cy{ cg';'rL ! sf] bkmf v df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

cltl/Qm k|ltlglwsf] cy{ bkmf $=@ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

n]vfk/LIf0f lgb]{lzsfsf] cy{ bkmf #=*-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

a];nfOgsf] cy{ cg';"rL # sf] k|s/0f # df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

ljsf;sf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf v=!-s_-!_-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;~rfns ;ldltsf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf u=!-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;Demf}tfsf] cy{ k|:tfjgfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] cy{ bkmf @=@-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;Demf}tf l;l8Pkmsf] vr{x¿sf] ljt/0fsf] cy{ cg';'rL $ sf] k|:tfjgfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;Demf}tfsf] p2]Zosf] cy{ bkmf !=! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;Demf}tfsf] clen]vsf] cy{ bkmf #=&-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;Demf}tfsf] cjlwsf] cy{ bkmf &=$ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

l;cf]P;sf] cy{ cg';"rL & df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;d]l6Psf] k|bfossf] cy{ n]vfk/LIf0f lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

l8PkmcfO{l8sf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf v=!-ª_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

vr{x¿sf] ljt/0fsf] cy{ bkmf @=$ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

l8cf];Lsf] cy{ cg';"rL & df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

l8cf]cf/sf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf s @-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

l8So"cf/sf] cy{ cg';"rL # sf] k|s/0f % df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

ljB'Q k|;f/0f kl/of]hgfsf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf v=!-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

O{cf/;Lsf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf v=!-s_-#_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

O{cf/cf/sf] cy{ cg';"rL # sf] bkmf ª=!=s df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

d"Nof°g cjojsf] cy{ cg';"rL # sf] k|s/0f s= df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

clws ;Demf}tf l;l8Pkm /sdsf] cy{ bkmf @=@ -3_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

5'6 kfpg] ;+:yfx¿sf] cy{ cg';"rL & sf] v08 s df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

56

5'6 kfpg] sd{rf/Lx¿sf] cy{ cg';"rL & sf] v08 ª df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

5'6 kfpg] JolQmsf] cy{ cg';"rL & sf] v08 s df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

5'6 kfpg] JolQmut cfosf] cy{ cg';"rL & sf] v08 ª df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

ljQLo Ph]06sf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf u=# df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;'zf;g lgb]{lzsf eGgfn] Pdl;l;sf] hjfkmb]xL ;+:yf tyf sfof{Gjog ;+/rgfsf] nflu lgb]{lzsf

;Demg'k5{ .

;/sf/sf] cy{ k|:tfjgfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;/sf/L of]ubfgsf] cy{ bkmf @=^ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

cg'bfgsf] cy{ bkmf #=^-v_df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

luufjf6sf] cy{ cg';"rL # df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

cfO{Pkm;L kkmd]{G; :6\of088{sf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf]bkmf v=!-u_df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

sfof{Gjogkqsf] cy{ bkmf #=% df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yfx¿sf] cy{ cg';"rL & sf] v08 3 df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] JolQmsf] cy{ cg';"rL & sf] v08 3 df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;"rssf] cy{ cg';"rL # sf] k|s/0f #=s= df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

dxflg/LIfssf] cy{ bkmf #=&-u_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

af}l4s ;DklQ eGgfn] btf{ ePsf / gePsf ;a} 6«]8dfs{, ;le{; dfs{, nf]uf], gfd, Jofkfl/s gfd

-6«]8g]d_ / cGo 6«]8dfs{ ;DaGwL ;a} clwsf/x¿, btf{ ul/Psf / gul/Psf k|ltlnlk clwsf/, ;a}

k]6]G6, cfljisf/, ;f]k /fO{6\;, gf] xfp, 6«]8 l;QM/]6, l8hfOg, 8«O{Ë, cf6{ jS;{, of]hgf, lk|G6, Dofg'cn,

sDKo'6/ kmfOn, ;km\6j]o/, xf8{ skL kmfO{n, Sof6nu, :k]l;lkms];g / cGo k|f]kfO6/L 6]Sgf]nf]hL /

To:t} ;"rgf / Pdl;l;sf] sf]ifaf6 cf+lzs tyf k"0f{ ?kdf cfly{s ;xfotf kfPsf plNnlvt s'g}

clwsf/sf] btf{ / btf{sf] nflu lbOPsf] lgj]bg ;Demg'k5{ .

cfGtl/s lgodx¿sf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf u=!-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefusf] cy{ cg';"rL & df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

cfO{cf/cfO{sf] cy{ cg';"rL # sf] k|s/0f ! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

cfO{l6l6sf] cy{ cg';"rL # sf] k|s/0f # df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

lsnf] ef]N6sf] cy{ cg';"rL # sf] k|s/0f @ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

:yfgLo s/sf] cy{ cg';"rL & sf] v08 6 df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

Pncf/cf]÷dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] cy{ cg';'rL & df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

PdP08O{ of]hgfsf] cy{ cg';"rL # klxnf] k|s/0fdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

57

Joj:yfksLo OsfO{sf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf u=!-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

Pdl;P PS6sf] cy{ bkmf @=@-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

Pdl;P–g]kfnsf] cy{ bkmf #=@-v_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

Pdl;l;sf] cy{ k|:tfjgfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

Pdl;l; jftfj/0fLo lgb]{lzsfsf] cy{ bkmf @=&-u_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

Pdl;l; sf]ifsf] cy{ bkmf @=# df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

Pdl;l; n}lËs gLltsf] cy{ Pdl;l; n}lËs gLlt -pQm gLlt;Fu ;DalGwt lgb]{lzsfx¿ ;d]t_nfO{

hgfpF5 .

Pdl;l; PdP08O{ gLltsf] cy{ cg';"rL # sf] klxnf] cg'R5]bdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

Pdl;l; sfo{qmd ;dfkg lgb]{lzsf eGgfn] Pdl;l; sfo{qmd ;dfkg lgb]{lzsf -pQm lgb]{lzsf;Fu

;DalGwt cGo sfuhftx¿ ;d]t_ ;Demg'k5{ .

Pdl;l; sfo{qmd vl/b lgb]{lzsfsf] cy{ bkmf #=^ df pNn]v eP ;Demg'k5{ .

Pdl;l; j]e;fO6 eGgfn] www.mcc.gov nfO{ hgfpF5 .

cg'udg cjojsf] cy{ cg';"rL # sf] k|s/0f ! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

ax'jflif{s cfly{s of]hgf ;f/f+zsf] cy{ cg';"rL @ sf] bkmf ! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

d]ufjf6sf] cy{ cg';"rL # sf] k|s/0f @=! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

g]ljk|f -g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f_ sf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf v=!-s_-#_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

g]kfnsf] cy{ k|:tfjgfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

cGo /fli6«o s/sf] cy{ cg';"rL & sf] v08 ~f df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

kIf / kIfx¿sf] cy{ k|:tfjgfdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

k]ed]G6 l/;fO{lSnª ;xfos lqmofsnfksf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf v=@-s_-@_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd

x'g]5 .

:jLs[t vftfsf] cy{ bkmf @=$ pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

JolQmut cfos/sf] cy{ cg';'rL & sf] v08 ª df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

JolQmut cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] JolQmsf] cy{ cg';'rL & sf] v08 3 df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

k]6«f]lnod s/sf] cy{ cg';"rL & sf] v08 r df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

k|d'v k|ltlglwsf] cy{ bkmf $=@ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

vl/b Ph]G6sf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf u=$ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

sfo{qmdsf] cy{ k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] k|f/lDes sygdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

http://www.mcc.gov/

58

sfo{qmd ;DklQ eGgfn] Pdl;l;sf] sf]ifaf6 Jooef/ x'g] u/L k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf vl/b jf nufgL

ul/Psf] s'g} klg hfoh]yf, dfnj:t' jf ;DklQ -jf:tljs, ef}lts, cef}lts_ ;Demg'k5{ .

sfo{qmd ljQLo Joj:yfsf] cy{ bkmf @=! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

sfo{qmd lgb]{lzsf eGgfn] Pdl;l;sf ;a} lgb]{lzsfx¿ h:t} n]vfk/LIf0f lgb]{lzsf, Pdl;l; jftfj/0fLo

lgb]{lzsf, k|zf;sLo lgb]{lzsf, Pdl;l; sfo{qmd vl/b lgb]{lzsf, l/kf]l6{ª lgb]{lzsf, Pdl;l; PdP08O{

gLlt, k|:t't ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogdf ;+nUg ;/sf/L ;Da4 lgsfosf nflu Pdl;l; nfut l;4fGt,

Pdl;l; n}lËs gLlt lgb]{lzsf, Pdl;l; sfo{qmd ;dfkg lgb]{lzsf, Pdl;l; cfly{s tyf nfeu|fxL

ljZn]if0f lgb]{lzsf, Pdl;l; Unf]an dfls{ª :6\of088{, / Pdl;l;n] k|fof]hg u/]sf sfo{qmdx¿;Fu

;DalGwt cGo gLlt, lgod, lgb]{lzsf nufotsf Pdl;l;sf] j]j;fO6df ;do ;dodf /flvPsf

lgb]{lzsf ;Demg'k5{ .

sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;Demf}tf / lkcfO{Psf] cy{ bkmf #=! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

kl/of]hgf-x¿_sf] cy{ bkmf !=@ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

kl/of]hgfsf p2]Zox¿sf] cy{ bkmf !=@ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

kl/of]hgf ;xsfl/tf ;Demf}tfsf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf u=@ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

kl/of]hgfsf ;fem]bf/sf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf u=@ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;DklQ s/sf] cy{ cg';"rL & sf] v08 h df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

k|bfos eGgfn] -!_ k|:t't ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf nflu lqmofsnfk ;~rfng ug{ Pdl;l; sf]if jf cGo

sfo{qmd ;DklQ k|fKt jf k|of]u ug]{]{ ;/sf/sf] s'g} lgsfo jf -@_ k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] cjlwdf Pdl;l;

ljQLo Joj:yfsf] sDtLdf s'n %),))) cd]l/sL 8n/ -;/sf/sf] s'g} lgsfosf] sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;otn]

tna jf eQf afkt k|fKt u/]sf] /sd_ k|fKt ug]{ s'g} t];|f] kIf .

cf/aLPgsf] eGgfn] cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf s=@-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

l/kf]l6{ª lgb]{lzsf eGgfn] Pdl;l;sf] q}dfl;s Pdl;P nfut cg'/f]w Pj+ l/kf]l6{ª Kofs]h ;DaGwL

lgb]{lzsf ;Demg'k5{ .

;8s dd{t kl/of]hgfsf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf v=@-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

P;l8cfO{sf] cy{ cg';"rL # df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

P;O{lksf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf u=!-3_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;]jf s/sf] cy{ cg';"rL & sf] v08 ! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

P;cf/Pgsf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf v=@-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;ldltsf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf u=!-3_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

k"/s ;Demf}tf eGgfn] -s_ ;/sf/ -jf Pdl;P–g]kfn nufotsf ;/sf/L ;Da4_ lgsfo / Pdl;l; -

lkcfO{P ;d]t_ aLr x'g] s'g}] ;Demf}tf jf -v_ Pdl;l; /÷jf ;/sf/ -jf Pdl;P– g]kfn ;d]tsf

59

;/sf/L ;Da4 lgsfo_ Ps kIfdf / csf]{ kIfdf t];|f] kIf -s'g} k|bfos jf s'g} kIf_ aLr k|:t't

;Demf}tfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ljQLo Joj:yf jf cGo Joj:yfkg ug{ ;DkGg ul/g] ;Demf}tf ;Demg'k5{ .

nIosf] cy{ cg';"rL # sf] k|s/0f # df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

s/ ljefusf] cy{ cg';"rL & df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

s/sf] cy{ bkmf @=*-s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

b"/;~rf/ s/sf] cy{ cg';"rL & sf] v08 5 df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

d'=c=s/sf] cy{ cg';"rL & df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

cd]l/sL 8n/ eGgfn] ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] sfg"g adf]lhdsf] d'b|f ;Demg'k5{ .

o'P;P8sf] cy{ cg';"rL ! sf] bkmf s=!-v_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

60

cg';'rL &

s/ ;"rL

Pdl;P–g]kfn, ;a} k|bfos, ;d]l6Psf k|bfos, kl/of]hgfsf ;fem]bf/, 7]s]bf/ -d'Vo / ;xfos_,

k/fdz{bftf / k|:t't ;Demf}tfnfO{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf

k|fKt ug]{ cGo lgsfo jf JolQmx¿nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] s/ 5'6 jf bkmf @=* adf]lhd Pdl;l; ljQLo

Joj:yfsf] cfwf/df lt/]sf] s/ afktsf] /sd lkmtf{ ug]{5 .

k|:t't ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf ljlzi6 s/ / s/ 5'6 Joj:tf sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+oGq jf k|0ffnL b]xfosf

cg';"rLx¿df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;/sf/n] b]xfosf tflnsf nufot k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] Ps k|lt ;+nUg

u/L cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefu -“cfO{cf/l8”_, eG;f/ ljefu -“l8cf];L”_, dfnkf]t sfof{nox¿ -

“Pncf/cf]”_, eG;f/ sfof{nox¿ -“l;cf]P;”_ / s/ ;Íng tyf k|zf;g;Fu ;DalGwt cGo :yfgLo

tyf k|b]z txsf clwsf/L÷lgsfox¿ -;+o'Qm ?kdf “s/ ljefux¿”_ nfO{ k|:t't ;Demf}tfdf ;xdt

eP adf]lhdsf] jf k|:t't ;Demf}tf cGtu{t cGoyf :jLsf/ ul/Psf s/ 5'6sf] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug]{

;+oGq tyf k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf zt{x¿ s/ sfof{nox¿n] sfof{Gjog u/]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ kl/kq hf/L

ug]{5 .

Pdl;P–g]kfnn] k|bfos, ;d]l6Psf k|bfos, kl/of]hgfsf ;fem]bf/, 7]s]bf/ -d'Vo / ;xfos_,

k/fdz{bftfx¿ / k|:t't ;Demf}tfnfO{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf

k|fKt ug]{ cGo lgsfo / JolQm nufotsf s/x¿sf cGo ;a} nfeu|fxLx¿nfO{ k|:t't ;Demf}tf

adf]lhdsf s/ 5'6 jf lkmtf{;Fu ;DalGwt Joj:yfsf] kl/kfngf ;'lglZrt ug{ ;xhLs/0f jf ;xof]u

ug]{5 .

Pp6} sf/f]jf/sf ;DaGwdf Ps eGbf a9L s/ 5'6 jf lkmtf{ k|fKt ug{'kg]{ ePdf -h:t} Ps} j:t' jf

;]jfdf nfu]sf] d"No clej[l4 s/ -“d'=c=s/”_, cGtM z'Ns / eG;f/ dx;'n_ k|To]ssf] nflu 5'§f5'§}

lgj]bg jf l;kmfl/;kq cfjZos kg]{ 5}g .

5'6 lbOg] s/ tyf lkmtf{ ul/g] s/x¿ b]xfo adf]lhd 5g\M

cg';"rL s/ ;+oGq -k|0ffnL_

s d'=c=s/ 5'6 / lkmtf{

v eG;f/ dx;'n 5'6 / lkmtf{

u cGtMz'Ns 5'6 / lkmtf{

3 skf]{/]6 cfos/ tyf >f]tdf s/ s§L 5'6

ª JolQmut cfos/ 5'6

r k]6«f]lnod s/ 5'6 / lkmtf{

5 b"/;~rf/ ;]jf s/ 5'6 / lkmtf{

h ;DklQ s/ 5'6 / lkmtf{

em ;]jf s/ 5'6 / lkmtf{

` cGo /fli6«o s/x¿ 5'6 / lkmtf{

6 :yfgLo s/ 5'6 / lkmtf{

61

kl/lzi6 s

d"No clej[l4 s/

5'6sf] sfg'gL cfwf/

!= k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf @=* .

@= d"No clej[l4 s/ P]g, @)%#, bkmf @%-!_ .

5'6sf] nfeu|fxL

!= Pdl;P–g]kfn .

@= k|To]s kl/of]hgfsf ;fem]bf/, k|bfos, ;d]l6Psf] k|bfos jf cGo s'g} lgsfo Pj+ d'Vo 7]s]bf/ jf

d'Vo 7]s]bf/;Fu k|ToIf ?kdf sfd ug]{ k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf dfnj:t', sfo{ jf ;]jf

k}7f/L ug]{ jf pknAw u/fpg] ;a–k|fs[lts JolQmx¿ -sfg"gL JolQmsf] xsdf “5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf” jf

k|fs[lts JolQmsf] xsdf “5'6 kfpg] JolQm”_ .

sfo{ljlw

!= k[i7e"ldM Pdl;P–g]kfnn] vl/b u/]sf] dfnj:t' tyf ;]jf jf 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn]

vl/b u/L cfk"lt{ u/]sf dfnj:t' tyf ;]jfdf d'=c= s/ 5'6 x'g]5 jf d'=c=s/ ltl/;s]sf] cj:yfdf

d'=c= s/ lkmtf{ x'g]5 . Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] d'=c=s/ glt/L jf

gp7fO{sg g} k|:t't ;Demf}tf;Fu ;DalGwt dfnj:t' tyf ;]jf laqmL, vl/b jf k}7f/L ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

nfeu|fxLn] d'=c=s/ ltl/;s]sf] cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] cg';"rLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw /

;do;Ldf cg';f/ d'=c=s/ lkmtf{ ug]{5 .

@= Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQm :jo+n] k}7f/L u/]sf] dfnj:t' tyf ;]jf jf cGo

cfk"lt{stf{n] ltgsf] tkm{af6 k}7f/L u/]sf dfnj:t'M Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQm

jf ltgsf] tkm{af6 cGo cfk"lt{stf{n] k}7f/L u/]sf] dfnj:t' tyf ;]jfdf d'=c=s/ nfUg] 5}g . k|:t't

;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug{ tyf cufl8 a9fpgsf] nflu Pdl;P g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg]

JolQmn] ;]jf k}7f/L ubf{sf avt d'=c=s/ ltg'{ kg]{ 5}g . b]xfosf zt{x¿ k"/f ePsf] cj:yfdf

;DalGwt l;cf]P;n] pQm k}7f/Ldf d'=c=s/ nufpg] 5}g . nfeu|fxLn] cy{ dGqfnodf Pdl;P–g]kfn

dfkm{t s/ 5'6sf] kqsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg]]5 . Pdl;P–g]kfnn] ;/ 5'6sf] nflu To:tf]] lgj]bg ubf{

lgDgfg';f/sf sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg u/L cy{ dGqfnodf k]z ug]{5 . lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] % sfo{

lbgleq cy{ dGqfnon] s/ 5'6sf] kq hf/L ug]{5 .

• nfeu|fxLn] s/ 5'6sf] nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg,

• Pdl;P–g]kfnn] k}7f/L ul/Psf dfnj:t' k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu g} k}7f/L

ul/Psf] k|dfl0ft u/L cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df n]v]sf] kq,

• vl/b cfb]z jf ;Demf}tf -pknAw ePdf_ .

62

cy{ dGqfnoaf6 s/ 5'6 lbPsf] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] kq k|fKt eP kl5 nfeu|fxLn] ;DalGwt l;cf]P; ;dIf

lgj]bg lbg]5 . lgDgfg';f/sf sfuhft k|fKt u/]kl5 ;DalGwt l;cf]P;n] To:tf] k}7f/Ldf nfUg] d'=c=s/

nufpg] 5}gM

• nfeu|fxLn] s/ lkmtf{sf] nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg,

• cy{ dGqfnon] cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df s/ 5'6 x'g] egL k|dfl0ft u/L l;cf]P;nfO{

d'=c=s/ gnufpg k|]lift u/]sf] kq,

• dfnj:t'sf] lahs,

• vl/b cfb]z jf ;Demf}tf -pknAw ePdf_,

• a}lsË / e'QmfgL ;DaGwL] sfuhft, /

• 9'jfgLsf sfuhft .

#= e'QmfgL ul/Psf] d'=c=s/ lkmtf{ ;DaGwL k|s[ofM k|:t't cg';"rL s sf] k|s/0f @ df plNnlvt k|s[of

Jofjxfl/s gePdf jf nfu" ug{ g;lsg] ePdf d'=c=s/ lkmtf{ ul/g]5 . Pdl;P g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf

jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] d'=c=s/ lt/L d'n'sleq vl/b u/]sf dfnj:t' jf ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt s/

lahsx¿ laqm]tfaf6 k|fKt u/L jf k}7f/L ul/Psf ;dfgx¿sf] xsdf s/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf /l;bx¿

k|fKt u/L b]xfosf sfuhft ;+nUg u/L e'QmfgL ul/Psf] d'=c=s/ lkmtf{ kfpg lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5M

• Nffeu|fxLn]] s/ lkmtf{sf] nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg,

• Pdl;P–g]kfnn] k}7f/L ul/Psf dfnj:t' k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu g} k}7f/L

ul/Psf] k|dfl0ft u/L kl/of]hgfsf] gfd, s/ 5'6 kfpg] nfeu|fxLsf] gfd / cfk"lt{stf{ jf

ljt/ssf] gfd pNn]v u/L cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df hf/L u/]sf] kq,

• vl/b cfb]z jf ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk -pknAw ePdf_, /

• cfk"lt{stf{n] hf/L u/]sf] s/ lahs jf s/ a'emfPsf] /l;bsf] ;Ssn k|lt .

cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] nfeu|fxLaf6 cg'/f]w k|fKt u/]sf] #) sfo{ lbgleq d'=c=s/ lkmtf{ ug]{5 .

63

kl/lzi6 v

eG;f/ dx;'n

5'6sf] sfg"gL cfwf/


@= eG;f/ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf (-$_ .

5'6sf] nfeu|fxL

!= Pdl;P–g]kfn .

@= k|To]s 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQm .

sfo{ljlw

!= k[i7e"ldM Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQm jf ltgsf nflu dfnj:t' -

c:yfoL ?kdf ;d]t_ k}7f/L ug]{ JolQmnfO{ o; ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfot ul/Psf

j:t'x¿df eG;f/ dx;'n nfu" x'g] 5}g .

@= Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQm jf ltgsf] tkm{af6 cGo cfk"lt{stf{n]

k}7f/L u/]sf dfnj:t' ;DaGwdfM Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQm jf

ltgsf] tkm{af6 cGo cfk"lt{stf{n] k}7f/L u/]sf dfnj:t'df eG;f/ dx;'n nufOg] 5}g .

nfeu|fxLn] cy{ dGqfnodf Pdl;P–g]kfn dfkm{t s/ 5'6sf] nflu lgj]bg lbg]]5 . Pdl;P–

g]kfnn] To:tf] lgj]bg;Fu b]xfosf sfuhft ;+nUg u/L cy{ dGqfnodf k]z ug]{5 . lgj]bg

k|fKt ePsf] % sfo{ lbgleq cy{ dGqfnon] s/ 5'6sf] kq hf/L ug]{5 .


• Pdl;P–g]kfnn] k}7f/L ul/Psf dfnj:t' k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu g}

k}7f/L ul/Psf] k||dfl0ft u/L cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df n]v]sf] kq,


cy{ dGqfnosf] s/ 5'6 ;DaGwL kq k|fKt u/]kl5 nfeu|fxLn] ;DalGwt l;cf]P; ;dIf lgj]bg

lbg]5 . lgDgfg';f/sf sfuhftx¿ k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt l;cf]P;n] plNnlvt k}7f/Ldf nfUg]

eG;f/ dx;'n nufpg] 5}g .

• nfeu|fxLn]] s/ lkmtf{sf] nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg,

• cy{ dGqfnon] cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df s/ 5'6 u/]sf] k|dfl0ft u/L l;cf]P;nfO{

eG;f/ dx;'n gnufpg k|]lift u/]sf] kq,



• a}lsË tyf e'QmfgL ;DaGwL sfuhft, /


64

l;cf]P;n] cljnDa dfnj:t'sf] hf‘rkf; u/L kfFr sfo{ lbgleq plNnlvt k}7f/Ldf eG;f/

dx;'n 5'6 lbg]5 .

#= Pdl;P g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] vl/b u/]sf sfnj:t'df k}7f/Lstf{n]

a'emfPsf] eG;f/ dx;'n lkmtf{ ;DaGwLM cfk"lt{stf{n] k}7f/L u/]sf] dfnj:t'df cfk"lt{stf{n]

lt/]sf] eG;f/ dx;'n Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] lkmtf{ lng

kfpg]5g\ . nfeu|fxLn] cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefudf b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfuhft;lxt eG;f/

dx;'n lkmtf{ lng lgj]bg lbg]5 .


• Pdl;P–g]kfnn] k}7f/L ul/Psf dfnj:t' k|:t't ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu g} k}7f/L

ul/Psf] k|dfl0ft u/L, kl/of]hgfsf] gfd, s/ 5'6 kfpg] nfeu|fxLsf] gfd /

cfk"lt{stf{ jf ljt/ssf] gfd pNn]v u/L cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df hf/L u/]sf]

kq,

• vl/b cfb]z jf ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk -pknAw ePdf_,

• ;DalGwt dfnj:t'sf] eG;f/ dx;'n lt/]sf] /l;bsf] k|ltlnlk,

• cfk"lt{stf{n] hf/L u/]sf] s/ lahs jf s/ lt/]sf] /l;bsf] ;Ssn k|lt,

• k}7f/L ubf{ s/ lt/]sf] k|df0f .

cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] nfeu|fxLaf6 To:tf] lgj]bg k|fKt u/]sf] #) sfo{ lbgleqdf To:tf]

eG;f/ dx;'n lkmtf{ lbg]5 .

65

kl/lzi6 u

cGtMz'Ns

5'6sf] sfg'gL cfwf/


5'6sf] nfeu|fxL

!= Pdl;P–g]kfn .


sfo{ljlw

!= k[i7e"ldM Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] vl/b u/]sf dfnj:t' tyf ;]jfdf

cGtMz'Ns 5'6 x'g] jf lkmtf{ ul/g]5 . Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] pTkfbg

jf k}7f/L ubf{sf avt cGtMz'Ns glt/L g} dfnj:t' tyf ;]jf vl/b jf k}7f/L ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

@= Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQm jf ltgsf] tkm{af6 cGo cfk"lt{stf{n] k}7f/L

u/]sf dfnj:t' ;DaGwdfM Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQm jf ltgsf] tkm{af6

cGo cfk"lt{stf{n] k}7f/L u/]sf] dfnj:t'df cGtMz'Ns nufOg] 5}g . nfeu|fxLn] cy{ dGqfnodf

Pdl;P–g]kfn dfkm{t s/ 5'6sf] kq k|fKt ug{ lgj]bg lbg]5 . Pdl;P–g]kfnn] To:tf] lgj]bg ;fy

b]xfosf sfuhft cy{ dGqfnodf k]z ug]{5 . To:tf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] % sfo{ lbgleq cy{

dGqfnon] s/ 5'6sf] kq hf/L ug]{5 .


• Pdl;P–g]kfnn] k}7f/L ul/Psf dfnj:t' k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu g} k}7f/L

ul/Psf] k|dfl0ft u/L cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df n]v]sf] kq,


cy{ dGqfnosf] s/ 5'6 kq k|fKt u/]kl5 nfeu|fxLn] ;DalGwt l;cf]P; ;dIf lgj]bg lbg]5 . b]xfosf

sfuhft k|fKt u/]kl5 ;DalGwt l;cf]P;n] To:tf] k}7f/Ldf nfUg] cGtMz'Ns nufpg] 5}g .

• nfeu|fxLn] s/ lkmtf{sf] nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg,

• cy{ dGqfnon] cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df s/ 5'6 u/]sf] k|dfl0ft u/L l;cf]P;nfO{

cGtMz'Ns gnufpg k|]lift u/]sf] kq,



• a}lsË tyf e'QmfgL ;DaGwL sfuhft, /


66

l;cf]P;n] cljnDa dfnj:t'sf] hf‘rkf; u/L kfFr sfo{ lbgleq To:tf] k}7f/Ldf nfUg] cGtMz'Ns 5'6

lbg]5 .

#= Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] jf ltgsf] nflu vl/b ul/Psf :yfgLo

dfnj:t' tyf ;]jfdf cGtMz'Ns 5'6 ;DaGwdfM Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn]

vl/b u/]sf jf ltgnfO{{ laqmL ul/Psf :yfgLo ?kdf pTkfbg ul/Psf cGtMz'Ns nfUg] dfnj:t' jf

;]jfdf cGtMz'Ns 5'6 x'g]5 . nfeu|fxLn] cGtMz'Ns 5'6 kfpg] dfnj:t' / ;]jfsf ;DaGwdf b]xfosf

sfuhft cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefudf k]z ug{'kg]{5M–

• Nffeu|fxLn] s/ 5'6sf] nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg,

• Pdl;P–g]kfnn] plNnlvt dfnj:t' / ;]jf k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu g}

pknAw u/fOPsf] k|dfl0ft u/L, kl/of]hgfsf] gfd, s/ 5'6 kfpg] nfeu|fxLsf] gfd /

cfk"lt{stf{ jf ljt/ssf] gfd v'nfO{ cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df hf/L u/]sf] kq,

• cfk"lt{stf{n] hf/L u/]sf] k|f] kmdf{ lahssf] @ k|lt,

• vl/b cfb]z jf ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk -pknAw ePdf_, /

• cfk"lt{stf{sf] s/ btf{ k|df0fkq .

cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{non] nfeu|fxLaf6 plNnlvt sfuhftx¿ k|fKt u/]sf] % sfo{ lbgleq k]z

ul/Psf] k|f] kmdf{ lahsdf 5fk nufO{ ;DaGwL 5'6 k|df0fkq hf/L ug]{5 . o;/L 5fk nfu]sf] k|f] kmdf{

lahs k|fKt ePkl5 cfk"lt{stf{n] dfnj:t' tyf ;]jf cGtMz'Ns gnufO{ cfk"lt{ ug]{5 .

67

kl/lzi6 3

;+:yfut cfos/ / ;|f]tdf s/ s§L

5'6sf] sfg"gL cfwf/


@= cfos/ P]g @)%*, bkmf !)-s_ .

5'6sf] nfeu|fxL

!= Pdl;P–g]kfn .

@= g]kfnsf] sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ ePsf sfg"gL lgsfo dflgg] sfg"gL JolQm afx]ssf k|To]s 5'6 kfpg]

;+:yf -“cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf”_ . g]kfndf a;f]jf; ePsf] sf/0fn] g]kfnsf] cfos/sf] bfo/fdf kg]{

s'g} klg sfg"gL lgsfo jf sfg"gL JolQm -k|fs[lts JolQm afx]s_ n] k|:t't ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug]{

qmddf ;Dkfbg ul/Psf] sfdsf] ;DaGwdf Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfaf6 k|fKt cfo g]kfndf s/of]Uo

cfo dflgg] jf s/ ;DaGwL Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xg] 5}g .

sfo{ljlw

!= Pdl;P–g]kfn / cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] ;a} ;+:yfx¿n] k|:t't ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ubf{ dfnj:t', sfd,

jf ;]jf cfk"lt{ u/L cfh{g u/]sf]] cfodf g]kfnL cfos/ / ;Da4 s/ 5'6 kfpg]5g\ .

@= Pdl;P–g]kfnn] Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfaf6 cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] JolQmnfO{ ug]{ e'QmfgLdf ;|f]tdf s/

s§L ug{'kg]{ 5}g .

#= k|:t't ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug{ dfnj:t', sfd, jf ;]jf vl/b ubf{ Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfaf6 jf

tT;DaGwdf ul/Psf] e'QmfgLdf ;|f]tdf s6\6f ug'{kg]{ s/ s§L ug{'kg]{ 5}g .

$= g]kfnsf] sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ gePsf t/ g]kfndf :yfoL ;+:yfkg ePsf cfos/ 5'6 kfpg]

;+:yfn] cfkm"nfO{ s/of]Uo cfo ePsf] JolQmsf ?kdf g]kfndf btf{ u/fpg]5g\ . Pdl;P–g]kfnn]

cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefu cGtu{tsf s/ sfof{nodf ltgsf] btf{sf] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 tfls cfos/ 5'6

kfpg] ;+:yf -ltgsf :yfoL ;+:yfkg ;d]t_ n] / Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfaf6 cflh{t cfodf s/ 5'6

k|fKt ug{ ;lsof];\ .

%= Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfaf6 k|fKt ;Dk"0f{ cfonfO{ cfos/ 5'6 x'g] cfosf] ?kdf clen]v ul/g]5 .

cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yfn] To:tf] cfosf ;DaGwdf nfUg] s/ Pj+ To:tf] cfo :yfgfGt/0f ubf{ nfUg]

s'g} klg s/ ltg'kg]{ 5}g .

^= cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf afx]ssf cGo ;+:yfn] Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfaf6 k|fKt u/]sf]] cfodf

nfUg] s/sf] ;DaGwdf cfo ljj/0f k]z ug{ / s/ r'Stf ug{ tL ;+:yf :jod\ lhDd]jf/ x'g]5g\ .

68

kl/lzi6 ª

JolQmut cfos/

5'6sf] sfg'gL cfwf/


@= cfos/ P]g @)%*, bkmf !)-s_ .

5'6sf] nfeu|fxL

!= g]kfnL gful/s jf g]kfnsf afl;Gbfx¿ afx]ssf k|:t't ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfGtl/s jf afx\o

?kdf tna lbOPsf ;Dk"0f{ k|fs[lts JolQmx¿ -“cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] JolQm”_ . k|:t't ;Demf}tf adf]lhd

cfo k|fKt ug'{ cl3 g]kfnL gful/s jf g]kfnsf afl;Gbf eO{ g;s]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ klg cfos/ 5'6

kfpg] JolQmsf ?kdf lnOg]5 .

sfo{ljlw

!= cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] k|:t't ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ubf{ k|fKt u/]sf] cfodf g]kfnsf] sfg"g

cg';f/ nfUg] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] cfos/, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, lrlsT;f aLdf, ;~ro sf]if jf cGo

clgjfo{ s/ jf z'Ns -“JolQmut cfos/”_ 5'6 kfpg] 5g\ .

@= Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf, ljQLo Ph]G6, vl/b Ph]G6 / cGo laqm]tfx¿ -“5'6 kfpg]

/f]huf/bftf”_ n] cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] JolQmnfO{ /f]huf/L lbPsf] cj:yfdf ltgnfO{ lbg]] e'QmfgLdf

;|f]tdf s/ s§L ug{'kg]{ 5}g / JolQmut cfos/ ltg'{kg]{ 5}g .

#= 5'6 kfpg] JolQmut cfosf] ;DaGwdf cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] g]kfndf s/ ljj/0f k]z ug'{kg]{

5}g .

$= 5'6 kfpg] JolQmx¿sf] 5'6 kfpg] cfosf] xsdf g]kfnsf] sfg"g adf]lhd s/ bflvnf ug{, btf{ ug{

jf k|ltj]bg a'emfpg 5'6 kfpg] /f]huf/bftf afWo x'g] 5}g .

%= cfos/ 5'6 kfpg] JolQm afx]ssf cGo JolQmn] Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yfaf6 cfh{g ug]{] cfodf

nfUg] s/sf] ;DaGwdf cfo ljj/0f k]z ug{ / s/ ltg{ tL JolQmx¿ :jod\ lhDd]jf/ x'g]5g\ .

69

kl/lzi6 r

k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] s/

5'6sf] sfg"gL cfwf/

!= k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf @=*=

5'6sf] nfeu|fxLx¿

!= Pdl;P–g]kfn .


sfo{ljlw

!= k[i7e"ldM Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{df nfUg] s'g} klg

lsl;dsf] s/ h:t} eG;f/ dx;'n, cGtMz'Ns, k|b'if0f lgoGq0f z'Ns, k"jf{wf/ ljsf; s/ cflb -

“k]6«f]lnod s/”_ 5'6 kfpg{ 5g\ jf nfeu|fxLn] lt/]sf] k]6«f]lnod s/ lkmtf{ lbOg]5 .

@= g]kfn cfon lgudaf6 yf]sdf vl/b ul/g] k]6«f]lnod ;DaGwdfM Pdl;P–g]kfnn] o; cg';"rL

cGtu{t nfeu|fxLn] o; cg';"rL cGtu{t vl/b ug{ ;Sg] u/L cfjZos k|df0fLs/0f pknAw u/fpg]

nufot k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ yf]s jf xf]n;]ndf vl/b ug{ / tT;DaGwL btf{ ;DaGwL sfddf ;xhLs/0f

ug]{5 . Pdl;P–g]kfnn] lgj]bg lbPkl5 % sfo{ lbgleq cy{ dGqfnon] g]kfn cfon lgudnfO{

pko'Qmfg';f/ ;f]em} jf cfk"lt{ dGqfno dfkm{t nfeu|fxLnfO{ z'Nsd'St cfwf/df pknAw u/fOPsf]

k]6«f]lnod kbfy{df k]6«f]lnod s/ 5'6 k|fKt ug{]5 . k]6«f]lnod s/ 5'6 kfpgsf] nflu nfeu|fxLn] b]xfo

adf]lhdsf sfuhft g]kfn cfon lguddf k]z ug]{5M–


• Pdl;P–g]kfnn] dfnj:t' tyf ;]jf k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu g} pknAw

u/fOPsf] k|dfl0ft u/L kl/of]hgfsf] gfd, s/ 5'6 kfpg] nfeu|fxLsf] gfd v'nfO{ cfˆgf]

cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df hf/L u/]sf] kq,

• cy{ dGqfnon] cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df s/ 5'6 x'g] egL k|dfl0ft u/L l;cf]P;nfO{ s/

gnufpg k|]lift u/]sf] kq,

• vl/b cfb]z jf ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk -pknAw ePdf_ .

#= v'b|f laqm]tfaf6 ul/Psf] vl/b ;DaGwdfM k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] v'b|f laqm]tfaf6 ul/Psf] vl/bsf

;DaGwdf ltl/Psf] s/ lkmtf{ lbOg]5 . Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf, jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] v'b|f

laqm]tfaf6 k]6«f]lnod s/ e'QmfgL ul/Psf] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] ;DaGwdf k]6«f]lnod s/ ;DaGwL lahs

/÷jf lan, ekf{O{ :yfgLo cfk"lt{stf{af6 k|fKt ug]{5 . nfeu|fxLn] cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefudf k]6«f]lnod

s/ lkmtf{sf] nflu b]xfosf sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg u/L lgj]bg lbg]5M–

70

• nfeu|fxLn]] s/ 5'6sf] nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg,

• Pdl;P–g]kfnn] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu g} pknAw ul/Psf]

k|dfl0ft u/L kl/of]hgfsf] gfd, s/ 5'6 kfpg] nfeu|fxLsf] gfd / cfk"lt{stf{sf] gfd v'nfO{

cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df hf/L u/]sf] kq,

• ;Ssn s/ lahs jf cfk"lt{stf{n] hf/L u/]sf] s/ /l;b, /,

• v'b|f vl/bsf] xsdf e'QmfgL ul/Psf] k]6«f]lnod s/sf] ljj/0f .

cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] s/ lkmtf{sf] lgj]bg k|fKt u/]sf] #) sfo{ lbgleq e'QmfgL ul/Psf] k]6«f]lnod

s/ afktsf] /sd nfeu|fxLnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg]5 .

71

kl/lzi6 5

b"/;~rf/ ;]jf s/

5'6sf] sfg'gL cfwf/

!= k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] bkmf @=*=

5'6sf] nfeu|fxLx¿

!= Pdl;P–g]kfn .


sfo{ljlw

!= k[i7e"ldM Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmnfO{ b"/;~rf/ :jfldTj s/, b"/;~rf/

;]jf z'Ns, d'=c=s/ / b"/;~rf/ ;]jfdf nfUg] cGo s'g} klg s/ / z'Ns -“b"/;~rf/ s/”_ nufOg] 5}g

jf nfeu|fxLn] lt/]sf] To:tf] s/ lkmtf{ lbOg]5 .

@= b"/;~rf/ s/ 5'6 ;DaGwdfM Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmnfO{ b"/;~rf/

s/df 5'6 lbOg]5 . Pdl;P–g]kfnn] lgj]bg lbP kZrft % sfo{ lbgleq cy{ dGqfnon] To:tf] 5'6

kfpg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefunfO{ lbg]5 . 5'6 kfpg] b"/;~rf/ ;]jfsf] ;DaGwdf

nfeu|fxLn] b]xfosf sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg u/L cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefudf k]z ug]{5M–


• Pdl;P–g]kfnn] dfnj:t' / ;]jf k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu g} pknAw

u/fOPsf] k|dfl0ft u/L kl/of]hgfsf] gfd, s/ 5'6 kfpg] nfeu|fxLsf] gfd / cfk"lt{stf{sf] gfd

v'nfO{ cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df hf/L u/]sf] kq,

• cy{ dGqfnon] cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df s/ 5'6 x'g] egL k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf]] / ;Da4

clwsf/LnfO{ s/ gnufpg hf/L u/]sf] kq,

• ;]jf k|bfosn] hf/L u/]sf] k|f] kmdf{ O{Gef]O;sf] k|ltlnlk @ yfg,

• vl/b cfb]z jf ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk -pknAw ePdf_,

• ;]jf k|bfossf] s/ btf{sf] k|df0fkq .

cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] plNnlvt sfuhft k|fKt u/]sf] % sfo{ lbgleq k]z ul/Psf] k|f] kmdf{

O{Gef]O;df 5fk nufO{ 5'6 ;DaGwL k|df0fkq hf/L ug]{5 . To;/L 5fk nufOPsf] k|f] kmdf{ O{Gef]O; k|fKt

u/]kZrft\ nfeu|fxLn] 5'6 kfpg]5 / To:tf] nfeu|fxLnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] ;]jfdf b"/;~rf/ ;]jf

k|bfosn] s'g} klg b"/;~rf/ s/ nufpg] 5}g .

#= b"/;~rf/ s/ lkmtf{ ;DaGwL k|s[ofM kl/lzi6 5 sf] bf];|f] k|s/0fdf plNnlvt k|s[of nfu" ug{

cJofjxfl/s ePdf jf nfu" ePdf ;]jf vl/b ubf{ lt/]sf] b"/;~rf/ s/ lkmtf{ lbOg]5 . Pdl;P–g]kfn,

5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] :yfgLo cfk"lt{stf{af6 b"/;~rf/ s/ lt/]sf] b"/;~rf/ ;]jf

;DaGwL lahsx¿ k|fKt ug]{5 . Pdl;P–g]kfnn] lgj]bg lbPkl5 cy{ dGqfnon] cfGtl/s /fh:j

72

ljefunfO{ 5'6 lbPsf] k|dfl0ft u/L kq k7fpg]5 . nfeu|fxLn] b]xfosf sfuhft ;d]t ;+nUg u/L

b"/;~rf/ s/ lkmtf{ kfpg cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefudf lgj]bg lbg]5M–


• Pdl;P–g]kfnn] b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu g} pknAw u/fOPsf]

k|dfl0ft ub}{, kl/of]hgfsf] gfd, s/ 5'6 kfpg] nfeu|fxLsf] gfd / ;]jf k|bfossf] gfd v'nfO{


• cy{ dGqfnon] 5'6 lbPsf] k|dfl0ft u/L lbPsf] kq,

• ;]jf k|bfosaf6 hf/L ePsf] s/ lahssf] ;Ssn k|lt jf l/rfh{ sf8{,

• To:tf] lahsdf nfUg] b"/;~rf/ s/sf] ljj/0f .

cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] lkmtf{sf] nflu lgj]bg k|fKt u/]sf] !) sfo{ lbgleq b"/;~rf/ s/

nfeu|fxLnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg]5 .

73

kl/lzi6 h

;DklQ s/

5'6sf] sfg'gL cfwf/


5'6sf] nfeu|fxLx¿

!= Pdl;P–g]kfn .


sfo{ljlw

!= k[i7e"ldM Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] /lhi6«]zg z'Ns, ;]jf z'Ns, rfh{ lkm / 3/,

hUuf / ;DklQsf] :jfldTj, :jfldTj x:tfGt/0f, aGwsL tyf ;DklQ ;DaGwL sfg"gL lnvt btf{df s'g}

klg lsl;dsf] s/ -“;DklQ s/”_ nufOg] 5}g .

@= ;DklQ s/ 5'6 ;DaGwdfM Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmnfO{ ;DklQ s/df

5'6 lbgsf] nflu Pdl;P–g]kfnn] ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt ljefudf kqfrf/ ug]{5 . Pdl;P–g]kfnn] lgj]bg

lbPkl5 cy{ dGqfnon] 5'6 kfpg] k|dfl0ft u/L kq hf/L ug]{5 . nfeu|fxLn] 5'6 nfu" x'g] ;DklQ s/sf

;DaGwdf b]xfosf sfuhft dfnkf]t sfof{no jf s/ sfof{nodf k]z ug]{5M–


• Pdl;P–g]kfnn] plNnlvt sf/f]af/ k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu g} ul/Psf] egL



• cy{ dGqfnon] cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df s/ 5'6 lbPsf] k|dfl0ft u/L k|]lift u/]sf] kq,

• ;DklQ s/ nfUg] sf/f]jf/sf] k|s[lt v'Ng] cGo sfuhft -nfu" x'g] ePdf_ .

To:tf] s/ p7fpg] lhDd]jf/L ePsf dfnkf]t sfof{no / s/ sfof{non] plNnlvt sfuhft k|fKt

u/]kl5 nfeu|fxLnfO{ ;DklQ s/ 5'6 lbg]5 .

74

kl/lzi6 em

;]jf s/

5'6sf] sfg"gL cfwf/


5'6sf] nfeu|fxLx¿

!= Pdl;P–g]kfn .


sfo{ljlw

!= k[i7e"ldM Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] dfnj:t' jf ;]jfsf] laqmLdf nfUg]

:jf:Yo ;]jf s/, lzIff ;]jf s/ tyf cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf] s/ jf z'Ns -“;]jf s/”_ 5'6 lbOg]5 .

@= Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] dfnj:t' vl/b ubf{ kfpg] s/ 5'6 ;DaGwdfM

Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmnfO{ ;]jf s/df 5'6 lbOg]5 . Pdl;P–g]kfnn]

lgj]bg lbPkl5 cy{ dGqfnon] nfeu|fxLn] kfpg] 5'6 k|dfl0ft u/L cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefunfO{ kq

k|]lift ug]{5 . nfeu|fxLn] b]xfosf sfuhft cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefudf k]z u/L 5'6 pkof]u ug{

;Sg]5g\M

• nfeu|fxLn]] s/ 5'6sf] nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg,

• Pdl;P–g]kfnn] plNnlvt dfnj:t' tyf ;]jf ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu g} s/ 5'6

lbOPsf] egL k|dfl0ft u/L kl/of]hgfsf] gfd, s/ 5'6 kfpg] nfeu|fxLsf] gfd / cfk"lt{stf{sf]

gfd v'nfO{ cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df hf/L u/]sf] kq,

• cy{ dGqfnon] cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s n]6/x]8df s/ 5'6 u/]sf] k|dfl0ft u/L k|]lift u/]sf] kq,

• cfk"lt{stf{n] hf/L u/]sf] k|f] kmdf{ O{Gef]O;sf] k|ltlnlk @ yfg,


• cfk"lt{stf{sf] s/ btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk .

cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] plNnlvt sfuhft k|fKt u/]sf]] % sfo{ lbgleq k|f] kmdf{ O{Gef]O;df 5fk

nufO{ 5'6 kq hf/L ug]{5 . nfeu|fxLn] 5fk nfu]sf] k|f] kmdf{ O{Gef]O; k|fKt u/] kl5 ;]jf s/ 5'6

kfpg]5 / ;]jf k|bfosn] s'g} ;]jf s/ nufpg] 5}g .

#= Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] dfnj:t' jf ;]jf :yfgLo ?kdf vl/b ubf{M

kl/lzi6 em sf] bf];|f] k|s/0fdf plNnlvt k|s[of nfu" ug{ g;lsg] ePdf ;]jf pkef]udf lt/]sf] s/

lahsx¿ lkmtf{ kfpg]5 . Pdl;P–g]kfnn] lgj]bg u/]kl5 cy{ dGqfnon] cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefunfO{

To:tf] nfeu|fxLnfO{ 5'6 lbPsf] egL k|dfl0ft u/]/ kqfrf/ ug]{]5 . nfeu|fxLn] b]xfosf sfuhft ;+nUg

u/L ;]jf s/ lkmtf{sf] nflu cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefudf lgj]bg lbg]5M–

75

• nfeu|fxLn]] s/ lkmtf{sf] nflu lbPsf] lgj]bg,

• Pdl;P–g]kfnn] k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu g} ;]jf pknAw ul/Psf] egL



• cy{ dGqfnon] s/ 5'6 lbPsf] egL k|dfl0ft u/L k|]lift u/]Psf] kq, /

• cfk"lt{stf{n] hf/L u/]sf] lan lahssf] ;Ssn k|lt .

cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] nfeu|fxLaf6 plNnlvt sfuhft k|fKt u/]sf] !) sfo{ lbgleq To:tf] s/

lkmtf{ ug]{5 .

76

kl/lzi6 `

cGo /fli6«o s/

5'6sf] sfg"gL cfwf/


5'6sf] nfeu|fxLx¿

!= Pdl;P–g]kfn .

@= k|To]s 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf JolQm .

sfo{ljlw

!= k[i7e"ldM Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmnfO{ cg';"rL & sf] kl/lzi6 s b]lv em

df g;d]l6Psf g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] nufPsf cGo s'g} klg /fli6«o s/ 5'6 lbOg]5 .

@= cGo /fli6«o s/df 5'6M cGo /fli6«o s/ nfUg] cGo ljifodf Pdl;P–g]kfnn] ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{

s/ 5'6 ug{ lgj]bg ug]{5 . tL s/x¿df nfeu|fxLn] Pdl;P dfkm{t k|fKt u/]sf] cy{ dGqfnosf]]

cflwsfl/s kqsf cfwf/df 5'6 lbOg]5 . To:tf] cflwsfl/s kq ;DalGwt s/ sfof{nonfO{ s/ lgwf{/0f

/ ;Íngsf avt 5'6 k|bfg ug{sf] nflu a'emfOg]5 .

#= cGo /fli6«o s/ lkmtf{M kl/lzi6 ` sf] bf];|f] k|s/0fdf plNnlvt k|s[of nfu" ug{ g;lsg] jf

cJofjxfl/s ePdf Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] cGo /fli6«o s/ lt/]sf]

lahs k|fKt ug]{5 . nfeu|fxLn] Pdl;P / cy{ dGqfnosf] kq / ;Ssn s/ /l;b ;+nUg u/L cfGtl/s

/fh:j ljefudf 5'6 kfpg] cGo /fli6«o s/ lkmtf{sf] nflu lgj]bg ug]{5 .

cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] nfeu|fxLaf6 plNnlvt sfuhft k|fKt u/]sf] !) sfo{ lbgleq To:tf] s/

lkmtf{ ug]{5 .

77

kl/lzi6 6

:yfgLo s/

5'6sf] sfg"gL cfwf/


5'6sf] nfeu|fxL

!= k|:t't ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ubf{ g]kfnsf[ sfg"g cGtu{t ;DklQ s/, Jofkf/ s/, If]qLo s/, gu/

s/, u|fdL0f s/, ;fd'bflos s/ jf cGo :yfgLo s/ / cg';"rL & sf] kl/lzi6 s b]lv ` df

g;d]l6Psf cGo s'g} klg s/ -“:yfgLo s/”_ ltg'{kg]{ s'g} sfd jf sf/jfxL ug]{ Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6

kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQm .

sfo{ljlw

!= k[i7e"ldM Pdl;P–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmnfO{ :yfgLo s/af6 5'6 lbOg]5 .

@= :yfgLo s/df 5'6M :yfgLo s/ nfUg] ljifox¿df Pdl;P–g]kfnn] s/ p7fpg] ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{

Pdl;l; ljQLo Joj:yf jf To:tf] Joj:yfsf nfeu|fxLnfO{ s/ 5'6 pknAw u/fpgdf] nflu cg'/f]w

ug]{5 . nfeu|fxLn] Pdl;P dfkm{t k|fKt u/]sf] cy{ dGqfnosf] cflwsfl/s kqsf] cfwf/df To:tf]

lgsfon] To:tf] s/ 5'6 lbg]5 . To:tf] cflwsfl/s kq s/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ jf p7fpg] ;DalGwt s/

sfof{nonfO{ 5'6 kfpg] s'/f k'li6 ug{sf] nflu pknAw u/fOg]5 .

#= :yfgLo s/ lkmtf{M kl/lzi6 6 sf] bf];|f] k|s/0fdf plNnlvt k|s[of cJofjxfl/s x'g] jf nfu" ug{

g;lsg] ePdf Pdl;l;–g]kfn, 5'6 kfpg] ;+:yf jf 5'6 kfpg] JolQmn] :yfgLo s/ lt/]sf] s/ lahsx¿

k|fKt ug{]5g\ . nfeu|fxLn] Pdl;P–g]kfn / cy{ dGqfnosf] kq / s/ /l;b jf lahssf] Ps k|lt ;+nUg

u/L cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefudf s/ lkmtf{sf] nflu cg'/f]w ug]{5 . cfGtl/s /fh:j ljefun] nfeu|fxLaf6

To:tf] cg'/f]w k|fKt u/]sf] !) sfo{ lbgleq To:tf] s/ lkmtf{ lbg]5 .

Documents

;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 -cy{ dGqfno tyf ... · 1 ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 -cy{ dGqfno_ tyf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] tkm{af6 -ldn]lgod Rofn]Gh skf]{/];g_