7
 DLSDUJN Ituokb Wdlonl Dodujn V`b : O`/ 5 Hdn 5=;; < 4= ( 46  4= Tin Ldc`c`lko Udfunjduko ACU(;5 ]kgk L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl U(;5 Towtl Hdsno ]dognojno H/ Gdoo~ Stunoguk Itutsko Wdlonl Hdsno ]`bnwdlonl Odjdun Sdhkukoj Ib/ ]u`f/ A/ Stgkuw`" S/A/ " Wdhekbkoj" L`wkl ]`s 6;>>SHS" Sdhkukoj 4=35> Wdb}/ :7:37;:" :76675= !Atownoj." Fkq/ :7:53>6 D(hknb 9 gdoo~stunogukM~ka``/c`h/sj  Keswukl  Udfunjduko angu`lkue`o ~koj eko~kl gnjtoklko hdh}to~kn hdul gkjkoj ACU(;5 A~c``b/ ]kgk tin non gnjtoklko hdsno }dognojno gdojko l`h}uds`u aduhdwnl !bdhkun ds. ~koj enksk hdojjtoklko U(;5/ ]dojtinko non gnbkltlko sdbkhk 5=== ikh/ Tin ldc`c`lko non kgkbka hdhekognojlko vnsl`snwks" ldkskhko" idbkjk" lkogtojko knu" Kb" Ho" Ct" Fd gko Sn sdedbth gko sdstgka }dojtinko/ Vnsl`snwks  }dbthks sdwdbka }dojtinko }kgk wdh}dukwtu 7= = C gko ;== = C towtl l`h}uds`u gdojko hdojjtoklko udfunjduko ACU(;5 kgkbka 5="37 cSw gko 7"=4 cSw/ Wngkl wduikgn }dutekako W`wkb Kcng Othedu !WKO." s``w gko lkogtojko knu }kgk }dbthks l`h}uds`u wdusdetw/ WKO }dbthks sdwdbka gko sdedbth }dojtinko kgkbka ="=: hj L@Aj/ Lkogtojko Kb" Ho" Ct" Fd gko Sn }kgk }dbthks l`h}uds`u gdojko hdojjtoklko udfunjduko ACU(;5 eduwtutw(wtutw kgkbka ;" =" 3" =" 3 }}h/ Sdbkno nwt gnbkltlko tin vnstkb l`h}uds`u aduhdwnl sdwdbka gnjtoklko sdbkhk 5=== ikh/ Gkun tin vnstkb wngkl kgk ldutsklko }duhtlkko l`h}`odo l`h}uds`u/ Gdojko gdhnlnko ACU(;5 gk}kw gnjtoklko towtl l`h}uds`u aduhdwnl ~koj enksk hdojjtoklko U(;5/  Ld~z`ug 9Tin Ldc`c`lko" L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl" Udfunjdukow ACU(;5 ;/ ]dogkatbtko Udfunjduko snowdwnl ~koj bkojstoj hdog`hnoksn }kskuko ekut(ekut non gnldwkatn hdhnbnln snfkw hdutskl bnojltojko wdutwkhk ~koj hdojkogtoj sdo~kzk CFC sd}duwn U( ;5 gko U(;3/ Gn Nog`odsnk" bkukojko }dojjtokk o udfunjduko snowdwnl ~koj hdutskl bnojltojko gnwkojjk}n gdojko }`snwnf/ ]kgk etbko Ikotkun ;>>1 hdowdun }dunogtswunko gko }dugkjkojko UN hdojdbtkulko SL o`/ ;;= gko ;;; ~koj edunsn }dbkojjkuko nh}`u ekako ~koj gk}kw hdutskl `y`o !@GS" @y`od Gd}bdwnoj Steswkocd . sduwk }dojak}tsko }u`gtlsn ekukoj(ekukoj }dojjtok @GS/ Ededuk}k etbko ldhtgnko" SL O`/ ;;= gko ;;; gnudvnsn gdojko gnldbtkulkoo~k SL Hdh}dunogkj O`/ 7;= gko 7;; }kgk wkato ~koj skhk/ @bda sdeke nwt }dojjtoklko udfunjdukow kbwduokwnvd ~knwt udfunjdukow angu`lkue`o hdhdubtlko }dodbnwnko towtl hdojdwkatn }dojkutao~k wduakgk} ldc`c`lko }dbthks okwtukb }kgk l`h}udss`u aduhkwnl U(;5/ ]dojtinko non klko hdhedunlko jkhekuko gkun ldwkakoko l`h}uds`u aduhdwnc U(;5 gdojko udfunjdukow ACU(;5/ ]dojtinko gnbkltlko sdbkhk 5===  ikh sdwdbka nwt gnbkltlko nos}dlsn wduakgk} ldutsklko }kgk ]dutekako }dbthks itjk klko gnkokbnsns sd}duwn lkogtojko b`jkh }dbthks" lkgku ldkskhko gkun }dbthks vnsl`snwks lnodwnl" wnwnl o~kbk hno~kl }dbthks" lkogtojko knu gko ldukl gkun }dbthks/ ]dojtinko hdojkct }kgk }dodbnwnko ~koj gnbkltlko `bda Stlthku Gdv`wwk gll ~koj wdbka hdojkct }kgk }dodbnwnko gko }dojdhekojko ~koj gnbkltlko gn  Udsdkuca Cdowdu f`u Udfunjdukwn`o kog Adkw ]th}s  Bwg ~koj edlduikskhk gdojko Tonvdusnw~ `f  Akoo`vdu" Jduhko~ / 5/ Wd`un L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl Uthka l`h}uds`u aduhdwnl U(;5 wduetkw gkun ekik gdojko }dojduikko bks" sdanojjk eknl l`h}uds`u hkt}to h`w`u bnswunl wkl gk}kw gn}dunlsk wko}k hdh`w`oj uthka l`h}uds`u/ @bda lkudok nwt" l`h}`odo gkun l`h}uds`u aduhdwnc U(;5 akutsbka wdu}duck~k gko gk}kw gnkogkblko/

4 Denny, Mei 2011(Eksergi)Rev

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Abstrak Refrigeran hidrokarbon yang banyak digunakan mempunyai merk dagang HCR-12 Hycool. Pada uji inidigunakan mesin pendingin dengan kompresor hermetik (lemari es) yang biasa menggunakan R-12.Pengujian ini dilakukan selama 2000 jam. Uji kecocokan ini adalah membandingkan viskositas,keasaman, jelaga, kandungan air, Al, Mn, Cu, Fe dan Si sebelum dan sesudah pengujian. Viskositas pelumas setelah pengujian pada temperatur 400C dan 1000C untuk kompresor dengan menggunakanrefrigeran HCR-12 adalah 20,34 cSt dan 4,05 cSt. Tidak terjadi perubahan Total Acid Number (TAN),soot dan kandungan air pada pelumas kompresor tersebut. TAN pelumas setelah dan sebelum pengujianadalah 0,07 mg KOH/g. Kandungan Al, Mn, Cu, Fe dan Si pada pelumas kompresor denganmenggunakan refrigeran HCR-12 berturut-turut adalah 1, 0, 3, 0, 3 ppm. Selain itu dilakukan uji visualkompresor hermetik setelah digunakan selama 2000 jam. Dari uji visual tidak ada kerusakan permukaankomponen kompresor. Dengan demikian HCR-12 dapat digunakan untuk kompresor hermetik yang biasamenggunakan R-12. Keyword :Uji Kecocokan, Kompresor Hermetik, Refrigerant HCR-12

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5/14/2018 4 Denny, Mei 2011(Eksergi)Rev - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-denny-mei-2011eksergirev 1/7

 

DLSDUJN Ituokb Wdlonl Dodujn V`b : O`/ 5 Hdn 5=;; < 4= ( 46  

4=

Tin Ldc`c`lko Udfunjduko ACU(;5 ]kgk L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl U(;5

Towtl Hdsno ]dognojno

H/ Gdoo~ Stunoguk

Itutsko Wdlonl Hdsno ]`bnwdlonl Odjdun SdhkukojIb/ ]u`f/ A/ Stgkuw`" S/A/ " Wdhekbkoj" L`wkl ]`s 6;>>SHS" Sdhkukoj 4=35>

Wdb}/ :7:37;:" :76675= !Atownoj." Fkq/ :7:53>6

D(hknb 9 gdoo~stunogukM~ka``/c`h/sj

 Keswukl

 Udfunjduko angu`lkue`o ~koj eko~kl gnjtoklko hdh}to~kn hdul gkjkoj ACU(;5 A~c``b/ ]kgk tin non

gnjtoklko hdsno }dognojno gdojko l`h}uds`u aduhdwnl  !bdhkun ds. ~koj enksk hdojjtoklko U(;5/

]dojtinko non gnbkltlko sdbkhk 5=== ikh/ Tin ldc`c`lko non kgkbka hdhekognojlko vnsl`snwks"

ldkskhko" idbkjk" lkogtojko knu" Kb" Ho" Ct" Fd gko Sn sdedbth gko sdstgka }dojtinko/ Vnsl`snwks

 }dbthks sdwdbka }dojtinko }kgk wdh}dukwtu 7==

C gko ;===

C towtl l`h}uds`u gdojko hdojjtoklkoudfunjduko ACU(;5 kgkbka 5="37 cSw gko 7"=4 cSw/ Wngkl wduikgn }dutekako W`wkb Kcng Othedu !WKO."

s``w gko lkogtojko knu }kgk }dbthks l`h}uds`u wdusdetw/ WKO }dbthks sdwdbka gko sdedbth }dojtinko

kgkbka ="=: hj L@Aj/ Lkogtojko Kb" Ho" Ct" Fd gko Sn }kgk }dbthks l`h}uds`u gdojko

hdojjtoklko udfunjduko ACU(;5 eduwtutw(wtutw kgkbka ;" =" 3" =" 3 }}h/ Sdbkno nwt gnbkltlko tin vnstkb

l`h}uds`u aduhdwnl sdwdbka gnjtoklko sdbkhk 5=== ikh/ Gkun tin vnstkb wngkl kgk ldutsklko }duhtlkko

l`h}`odo l`h}uds`u/ Gdojko gdhnlnko ACU(;5 gk}kw gnjtoklko towtl l`h}uds`u aduhdwnl ~koj enksk

hdojjtoklko U(;5/

 Ld~z`ug 9Tin Ldc`c`lko" L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl" Udfunjdukow ACU(;5

;/  ]dogkatbtko

Udfunjduko snowdwnl ~koj bkojstojhdog`hnoksn }kskuko ekut(ekut non gnldwkatn

hdhnbnln snfkw hdutskl bnojltojko wdutwkhk

~koj hdojkogtoj sdo~kzk CFC sd}duwn U(

;5 gko U(;3/ Gn Nog`odsnk" bkukojko

}dojjtokko udfunjduko snowdwnl ~koj hdutskl 

bnojltojko gnwkojjk}n gdojko }`snwnf/ ]kgk

etbko Ikotkun ;>>1 hdowdun }dunogtswunko gko

}dugkjkojko UN hdojdbtkulko SL o`/ ;;=

gko ;;; ~koj edunsn }dbkojjkuko nh}`u

ekako ~koj gk}kw hdutskl `y`o !@GS"

@y`od Gd}bdwnoj Steswkocd. sduwk}dojak}tsko }u`gtlsn ekukoj(ekukoj

}dojjtok @GS/ Ededuk}k etbko ldhtgnko"

SL O`/ ;;= gko ;;; gnudvnsn gdojko

gnldbtkulkoo~k SL Hdh}dunogkj O`/ 7;=

gko 7;; }kgk wkato ~koj skhk/ @bda sdeke

nwt }dojjtoklko udfunjdukow kbwduokwnvd ~knwt

udfunjdukow angu`lkue`o hdhdubtlko

}dodbnwnko towtl hdojdwkatn }dojkutao~k

wduakgk} ldc`c`lko }dbthks okwtukb }kgk

l`h}udss`u aduhkwnl U(;5/ ]dojtinko non

klko hdhedunlko jkhekuko gkun ldwkakoko

l`h}uds`u aduhdwnc U(;5 gdojko udfunjdukow

ACU(;5/ ]dojtinko gnbkltlko sdbkhk 5===

  ikh sdwdbka nwt gnbkltlko nos}dlsn wduakgk}ldutsklko }kgk ]dutekako }dbthks itjk

klko gnkokbnsns sd}duwn lkogtojko b`jkh

}dbthks" lkgku ldkskhko gkun }dbthks

vnsl`snwks lnodwnl" wnwnl o~kbk hno~kl 

}dbthks" lkogtojko knu gko ldukl gkun

}dbthks/ ]dojtinko hdojkct }kgk }dodbnwnko

~koj gnbkltlko `bda Stlthku Gdv`wwk gll 

~koj wdbka hdojkct }kgk }dodbnwnko gko

}dojdhekojko ~koj gnbkltlko gn  Udsdkuca

Cdowdu f`u Udfunjdukwn`o kog Adkw ]th}s

 Bwg  ~koj edlduikskhk gdojko Tonvdusnw~ `f  Akoo`vdu" Jduhko~/

5/  Wd`un L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl

Uthka l`h}uds`u aduhdwnl U(;5 wduetkw

gkun ekik gdojko }dojduikko bks" sdanojjk

eknl l`h}uds`u hkt}to h`w`u bnswunl wkl 

gk}kw gn}dunlsk wko}k hdh`w`oj uthka

l`h}uds`u/ @bda lkudok nwt" l`h}`odo gkun

l`h}uds`u aduhdwnc U(;5 akutsbka

wdu}duck~k gko gk}kw gnkogkblko/

5/14/2018 4 Denny, Mei 2011(Eksergi)Rev - slidepdf.com

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 Tin Ldc`c`lko Udfunjduko ACU(;5 ]kgk L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl U(;5 !Gdoo~ S.

4;

Jkheku ;/ L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl 

Ldwdukojko Jkheku ;9

;/  Stcwn`o kccthtbkw`u

5/  Stcwn`o wted

3/ 

Ld}kbk snbnogdu7/  ]nsw`o

4/  ]`u`s dojl`b

6/  Gnscakujd kccthtbkw`u

:/  Swkw`u

1/  Uthka l`h}uds`u

>/  Cukol sakfw

;=/ Nowduokb gnscakujd wted

;;/ @nb gnscakujd wted

;5/ Cukolcksd

;3/ U`w`u

;7/ Gnscakujd wted kccthtbkw`u;4/ Gnscakujd wted

;6/ ]n}k }dojnsnko udfunjduko/

3/  Hdw`gd ]dodbnwnko

]kodb }dukbkwko }dojtinko ~koj

gnjtoklko sd}duwn wdubnakw gkbkh Jkheku 5/

Jkheku 5/ ]kodb }dukbkwko }dojtinko

]kukhdwdu(}kukhdwdu }dojtltuko ~koj

gnwdowtlko towtl hdojdwkatn }dojkuta ~kojwduikgn }kgk }dbthks udfunjduksn sdbkhk

edu`}duksn 5=== ikh o`osw`} skkw

hdojjtoklko ekako }dognojno ACU(;5"

kgkbka9

k/ Vnsl`snwks lnodwnl }dbthks !cSw.

e/ Fbksa }`now 

c/ Zdku hdwksb !}}h.g/ Wnojlkw ldkskhko }dbthksWKO !hj

L@Aj.

d/ S``w kog Zkwdu c`owdows 

]dusnk}ko kokbnsns hno~kl }dbthks

]dusnk}ko lkbn non gnwtitlko gkbkh akb

}dojdhksko }dbthks aksnb }dojtinko ~koj

klko gn ekzk ld Bke`ukw`unth

]DUWKHNOK Iklkuwk/ Bkojlka(bkojlka

~koj gnbkltlko kgkbka 9k/ Hdoj`s`ojlko udfunjdukow gkun snswdh

!bdhkun ds./ Akb non gnbkltlko sdedbth

}dbd}ksko l`h}uds`u gkun snswdh towtl 

hdojanogkun ldeklkuko skkw }dojdbksko"

lkudok udfunjduko angu`lkue`o edusnfkw

 fbkhhkebd/ 

e/ Hdo~nk}lko e`w`b }dokh}toj }dbthks/

E`w`b wdubdena gkatbt gnedusnalko towtl 

hdojanbkojlko l`w`uko" ldhtgnko

gnidhtu sdbkhk » 1 ikh/

c/ Hdbd}ks l`h}uds`u gkun snswdh gdojko

ckuk hdojdbks skhetojko(skhetojko

}n}k }kgk snswdh/

g/ Hdotkoj }dbthks gkun l`h}uds`u

ldgkbkh e`w`b ~koj wdbka gnsnk}lko"

ldhtgnko e`w`b gnwtwt} uk}kw sdanojjk

udklsn gdojko tgkuk btku gk}kw gnanogkun/

]dusnk}ko kokbnsns sdckuk vnstkb

Towtl hdbnakw ekjnko gkbkh l`h}uds`u"akuts hdhedbka uthka l`h}uds`u gdojko

hdojjtoklko jdujkin edsn/ Ekjnko(ekjnko

~koj akuts gn}duakwnlko" ~knwt9

k/ Lkwt} gnscakujd 

e/ Lkwt} stcwn`o 

c/ ]nsw`o

g/ Cukolsakfw  

]u`sdgtu kokbnsns vnsl`snwks

Kokbnsns non eduwtitko towtl hdojdwkatn}dutekako vnsl`snwks hno~kl }dbthks gn

5/14/2018 4 Denny, Mei 2011(Eksergi)Rev - slidepdf.com

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DLSDUJN Ituokb Wdlonl Dodujn V`b : O`/ 5 Hdn 5=;; < 4= ( 46  

45

l`h}uds`u sdbkhk 5=== ikh `}duksn" klnekw

educkh}tu gdojko udfunjduko gko hdojkbkhn

}dutekako wdh}dukwtu" wdlkoko" gko

l`owkhnoksn/

]u`sdgtu kokbnsns vnsl`snwks }dbthks9

;/  Hdojangt}lko vnsl`hdwdu gko hdojkwtuwdh}dukwtuo~k !7=

=C gko ;==

=C./

5/  Vnsl`hdwdu gnenkulko sdbkhk ededuk}k

hdonw sdanojjk stat ~koj gnnojnolko

wduck}kn/

3/  Sdwnk} lkbn hdojjtoklko" akuts

hdojlkbneuksn vnsl`hdwdu wdusdetw

gdojko hdojjtoklko ̀ bn swkogku/

7/  Aksnb lkbneuksn gkun `bn swkogku }kbnoj

wngkl hdh}to~kn snh}kojko 2;$ gkun

onbkn vnsl`snwks ~koj wdbka gnwdowtlko

}kgk hksnoj(hksnoj wdh}dukwtu/4/  Hdo~nk}lko }dbthks ~koj klko gntltu

vnsl`snwkso~k/

6/  Hdhkstllko }dbthks ld gkbkh jdbks

tltu sdeko~kl ;4 hb/

:/  Hdotkojlko }dbthks gn jdbks tltu ld

gkbkh wketoj vnsl`hdwdu/

1/  Hdhkstllko wketoj vnsl`hdwdu ld

gkbkh }dukbkwko vnsl`hdwdu gnjnwkb

gdojko hdojjtoklko }doid}nw ~koj wdbka

gnsdgnklko/

>/  Hdhkstllko wketoj vnsl`hdwduo~k

!sdeknlo~k hdhnbna s}nogdb ~koj

hdh}to~kn onbkn fklw`u }dojkbn ~koj

ldcnb" st}k~k gn}du`bda aksnb }dojtltuko

vnsl`snwks ~koj bdena wdbnwn./

;=/ Hdokunl }dbthks ~koj kgk }kgk wketoj

vnsl`hdwdu" sdanojjk }duhtlkko }dbthks

oknl skh}kn ekwks kwks ~koj wdbka

gnwdowtlko gdojko hdojjtoklko }`h}k

vklth/

;;/ Hdhnogkalko }`snsn sznwca }kgk }`snsn@O /

;5/ Hdhenkulko }dbthks hdojkbnu }kgk

wketoj vnsl`hdwdu skh}kn ekwks ekzka

~koj wdbka gnwdowtlko/

;3/ Hdodlko w`he`b sznwca skkw }dbthks

hdo~dowta ekwks ekzka gkun wketoj

vnsl`hdwdu/

;7/ Hdhekck eduk}k vnsl`snwks }kgk gns}bk~/

;4/ Towtl hdh}du`bda aksnb vnsl`snwks" aksnb

}dhekckko }kgk gns}bk~ gnlkbnlko

gdojko fklw`u }dojkbn gkun wketojvnsl`hdwdu wdusdetw/

Jkheku 3/ Vnsc`hdwdu 

]u`sdgtu kokbnsns fbksa }`now 

Kokbnsns non eduwtitko towtl hdodowtlko

wnwnl o~kbk gkun hno~kl }dbthks sdwdbka

edu`}duksn sdbkhk 5=== ikh/ Towtl kokbnsns

non hdojjtoklko C@C  !Cbdvdbdog @}do

Ct}./ 

Jkheku 7/ C@C !Cbdvdbdog @}do Ct}. 

]u`sdgtu kokbnsns   fbksa }`now gdojko

hdojjtoklko C@C kgkbka9

;/  Hdojnsn hkojltl gdojko Tsdg @nb 

!skh}db. skh}kn wkogk ekwks

5/  Hdhkokslko skh}db gdojko ldcd}kwko

}dhkoksko 54 skh}kn 3==Fhdonw/ Inlk

stat skh}db ;===F gn ekzka wnwnl o~kbk

~koj gn}dulnuklko hklk hdojtukojn

}dhkoksko sdanojjk ldcd}kwko

}dhkoksko towtl 4==F ~koj wduklanu gn

ekzka wnwnl o~kbk gn}dulnuklko > skh}kn;;

=Fhdonw/

5/14/2018 4 Denny, Mei 2011(Eksergi)Rev - slidepdf.com

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 Tin Ldc`c`lko Udfunjduko ACU(;5 ]kgk L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl U(;5 !Gdoo~ S.

43

3/  Gnhtbkn gkun 4==F gn ekzka wnwnl o~kbk"

wdsw fbkhd gnbdzkwlko gn kwks hkojltl 

wnk}(wnk} ldoknlko 4=F sdckuk e`bkl(ekbnl 

gkbkh zklwt ; gdwnl/

7/  Hdockwkw wdh}dukwtu gnhkok wduikgn

skhekuko k}n }kgk }duhtlkko hno~kl }dbthks ldwnlk wdsw fbkhd gnbdzkwlko/

Wnwnl k}n gk}kw gn ekck }kgk skkw hno~kl 

wdueklku sdbkhk 4 gdwnl/

]u`sdgtu kokbnsns hdwkb c`owdow 

Kokbnsns non eduwtitko towtl hdojdwkatn

zdku hdwkb ~koj wduikgn sdbkhk edu`}dusn

5=== ikh o`o(sw`}/ Towtl kokbnsns non

hdojjtoklko NC] !  Nogtcwnvdb~ C`t}bdg 

]bkshk./ ]u`sdgtu kokbnsk hdwkb c`owdow  gdojko hdojjtoklko NC]9

;/  Hdonhnhekoj tsdg `nb skh}kn » ; jukh/

5/  Hdbkutwlko tsdg `nb ld gkbkh ;= hb

 q~bdo /

3/  Hdo~dwnoj k}n gkbkh utkoj }dheklkuko

gdojko hdojjtoklko s`fwzkud/

7/  Sdedbth hdhtbkn }dojtinko"

hdhkstllko Q~bdo ld gkbkh utkoj eklku

towtl hdodwukbnsnu/

4/  Hdhkstlko `nb swkogku 4= }}h gko ;==

}}h !c`o`swko zdku hdwkb. sdekjkn

swkogku/

6/  Hdhkstllko tsdg `nb ~koj klko

gnkokbnsns lkgku zdku hdwkb(o~k/

Jkheku 4/ NC] ! Nogtcwnvdb~ C`t}bdg ]bkshk.

]u`sdgtu kokbnsns s``w kog zkwdu c`owdow

Kokbnsns non eduwtitko towtl hdojdwkatn

s``w kog zkwdu c`owdow ~koj wdulkogtoj }kgk

}dbthks" sdbkhk edu`}dusn 5=== ikh o`o(sw`}/ Towtl kokbnsk non hdojjtoklko FWNU

!F`tundu Wukosf`uh Nofuk Udg ./ ]u`sdgtu

kokbnsk s``w kog zkwdu c`owdow  gdojko

hdojjtoklko FWNU9

;/  Hdojangt}lko FWNU/

5/  Hdhenkulko kbkw zkuhnoj(t} sdbkhk »;=

hdonw/3/  Sdedbth hdhtbkn }dojtinko"

hdhedusnalko }duhtlkko ‒lunswkb lkck‘

gdojko bkutwko w`btdod/

7/  Hdotkojlko @nb udfdudocd }kgk

}duhtlkko lunswkb sdckuk hdukwk/

4/  Hdodlko w`he`b scko }kgk s`fwzkud 

FWNU/

6/  Hdhekognojlko aksnb `nb udfdudocd 

gdojko gkwk eksd" ~koj wdbka gnhnbnln

`bda s`fwzkud FWNU /

:/  Inlk aksnb gkun `nb udfdudocd hdhnbnln}do~nh}kojko ltukoj gkun » 4$" kbkw

gk}kw gnlkwklko eknl/

1/  Hdhedusnalko }duhtlkko lunswkb gdojko

bkutwko w`btdod sdedbth }dojtinko tsdg 

`nb edunltwo~k/

>/  Hdotkojlko tsdg `nb }kgk }duhtlkko

lunswkb sdckuk hdukwk/

;=/ Hdodlko w`he`b scko }kgk s`fwzkud 

FWNU /

;;/ Hdocdwkl aksnbo~k gkbkh edowtl  }unow(

`tw /

;5/ Hdojtbkojn bkojlka ld(;= towtl 

}dojtinko tsdg `nb idons bkno/

Jkheku 6/ FWNU !F`tundu Wukosf`uh Nofuk Udg ./

]u`sdgtu kokbnsns WKO

Kokbnsns non eduwtitko towtl hdojdwkatn

wnojlkw ldkskhko ~koj wdulkogtoj }kgk

}dbthks/ Towtl kokbnsk non hdojjtoklko

Wnwunhdwdu / ]u`sdgtu kokbnsk WKO gdojko

hdojjtoklko Wnwunhdwdu sdekjkn edunltw9

;/  Hdonhekoj tsdg `nb skh}kn » ;4 jukh/

5/  Hdbkutwlko tsdg `nb wdusdetw ld gkbkh

bkutwko s`bvdo/

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DLSDUJN Ituokb Wdlonl Dodujn V`b : O`/ 5 Hdn 5=;; < 4= ( 46  

47

3/  Hdo~nk}lko L@A gkbkh dwko`bkbl`a`b 

sdekjkn }doj(wnwuko/

7/  Hdo~nk}lko bkutwko swkogku !s`bvdo."

aksnb gkun bkutwko swkogku klko hdhnbnln

}`wdosn`hdwdu ;"3; hV gdojko w`bdukosn

» ; $/4/  Hdhkstllko tsdg `nb ~koj stgka

gnbkutwlko gdojko s`bvdo ld gkbkh

Wnwunhdwdu /

6/  Hdhenkulko ededuk}k hdonw sdanojjk

wduikgn wnwuksn/

:/  Aksnb ldbtku gkbkh edowtl  }unow(`tw R 

Jkheku :/ Wnwunhdwdu

7/  Aksnb gko ]dhekaksko

]dbthks okwtukb l`h}uds`u non gnetkwsdckuk latsts towtl l`h}uds`u aduhdwnc U(

;5 sdanojjk gk}kw edlduik sdckuk eknl }kgk

wdh}dukwtu l`h}uds`u/ ]dbthks eduekako

gksku }dbthks hnodukb idons ok}awdonc/ ]kgk

Wkedb ; gko 5 edunltw klko gn}dubnakwlko

gkwk hno~kl sdedbth }dojtinko/

Wkedb ;/ Gkwk }dbthks sdedbth }dojtinko

O` ]dhdunlskko Hdw`gdAksnb

ACU(;5

; Vnsc`snw~ Lnodhkwnc cSW KSWH(774

(}kgk 7==C 55";:

(}kgk ;===C 7"5>

5 W`wkb Kcng Othedu hjL@Aj KSWH G(667 ="=:

3 Fbksa ]`now C@C ;1=

7 Nofukudg B`z Anja FWNU

S``w = =":= =

Zkwdu = ="3= =

4 Hdwkb C`owdow }}h KSWH G(4;14

Kb =

Ho =

Ct =

Fd =

Sn =

Wkedb 5/ Gkwk }dbthks sdstgka }dojtinko

O` ]dhdunlskko Hdw`gdAksnb

ACU(;5

; Vnsc`snw~ Lnodhkwnc cSW KSWH(774

(}kgk 7==C 5="37

(}kgk ;==

=

C 7"=45 W`wkb Kcng Othedu

hjL@Aj

KSWH G(667="=:6

3 Fbksa ]`now C@C ;:5

7 Nofukudg B`z Anja FWNU

S``w = =":= =

Zkwdu = ="3= =

4 Hdwkb C`owdow }}h KSWH G(4;14

Kb ;

Ho =

Ct 3

Fd =

Sn 3

Sdgkojlko gkwk khekoj ekwks }dbthks ~koj

hksna gk}kw gnjtoklko gkbkh l`h}uds`u

aduhkwnl U(;5 kgkbka sdekjkn edunltw non9

Wkedb 3/ Gkwk khekoj ekwks }dbthks l`h}uds`u

aduhdwnc

O` ]dhdunlskko Vkbtd !hkqnhkb.

; Vnsc`snw~ Lnodhkwnc cSW O`w Kbb`zdg »3=$

!Kbb Vnsc`snw~.

5 W`wkb Kcng Othedu hj L@Aj ="3

3 Zdku Hdwkb }}h

Kb ;=

Ct ;4

Fd 54

Sn ;4

Kokbnsns vnsl`snwks

Gkun aksnb }dojtinko }dbthks ~koj

gnbkltlko gn bke`ukw`unth ]dHK] ]duwkhnok

hdotoitlko kgko~k }dotutoko vnsl`snwks

}kgk }dbthks/ Udfunjdukow ACU(;5 }kgk

wdh}dukwtud 7==C sdedbth gnbkltlko

}dojtinko vnsc`snwks lnodhkwnl 55";: gko

sdwdbka }dojtinko vnsc`snwks lnodhkwnl 5="37sdgkojlko }kgk wdh}dukwtud ;==

=C sdedbth

gnbkltlko }dojtinko vnsc`snwks lnodhkwnl 

7"5> gko sdwdbka }dojtinko vnsc`snwks

lnodhkwnl 7"=4/ Wduikgno~k }dotutoko

vnsl`snwks non gnsdekelko `bda ededuk}k akb

~knwt9

;/ Educkh}tuo~k }dbthks gdojko udfunjduko

}kgk skkw }dbthks edlduik }kgk snswdh

udfunjduksn/

5/ Oknlo~k wdh}dukwtu lduik }dbthks ~koj

gnsdekelko `bda wdlkoko udfunjdukow ~koj

gnhkh}kwlko sduwk `bda lduik h`w`u

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 Tin Ldc`c`lko Udfunjduko ACU(;5 ]kgk L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl U(;5 !Gdoo~ S.

44

bnswunl/ Oknlo~k wdh}dukwtu non

hdo~dekelko hdbdhkao~k nlkwko kowkuk

h`bdltb }dbthks ~koj hdojklnekwlko

wtutoo~k vnsl`snwks }dbthks/

3/ Jdsdlko kowkuk l`h}`odo ~koj edujdukl 

gkun l`h}uds`u sdanojjk hdojklnekwlkooknlo~k wdlkoko gko wdh}dukwtu }kgk

bk}nsko fnbh gnkowkuk gtk b`jkh ~koj

edujdsdlko/

]dotutoko vnsl`snwks }dbthks non hksna

gkbkh ekwks ~koj gnudl`hdogksnlko ~knwt

hksna gnekzka 3= $ gkun vnsl`snwks }dbthks

ekut/

Kokbnsns WKO

Edugkskulko aksnb }dojtinko WKO wdubnakwekazk wngkl kgk }donojlkwko onbkn WKO

sdwdbka snswdh edulduik sdbkhk 5=== ikh wk}n

zkbkt}to wngkl kgk ldoknlko }kgk onbkn WKO

sdwdbka }dojtinko udklsn `lsngksn wdwk} wduikgn

lkudok `lsngksn wdubkutw nltw gkbkh snultbksn

}dbthksko/ 

Kokbnsns s``w gko zkwdu c`owdows 

Aksnb }dojtinko s``w  gko zkwdu c`owdow 

wngkl hdojkbkhn ldoknlko !onbkno~k o`b.

hklk noswkbksn ~koj gnbkltlko stgka sdstkn

gdojko }u`sdgtu }dojnoswkbko ltblks/

Kokbnsns hdwkb c`owdows 

]dbthks ekut !  fudsa `nb. wngkl wdugk}kw

l`owkhnoksn zdku hdwkb ~koj wdugdwdlsn `bda

kbkw NC]/ Lkogtojko Fd sdedsku = }}h" Ct

sdedsku 3 }}h" Kb sdedsku ; }}h gko Sn

sdedsku 3 }}h/ Fd gko Kb hdut}klkohdwdunkb twkhk }do~tsto }kgk }nsw`o" hklk

kgko~k l`owkhnoko Fd gko Kb edukskb gkun

jdsdlko kowkuk snbnogdu gko }nsw`o ~koj

hdojklnekwlko }dojnlnsko ldgtk hkwdunkb

l`h}`odo wdusdetw/

Sthedu l`owkhnoko Sn edukskb gkun keuksn

}kgk jksldw gn ld}kbk snbnogdu l`h}uds`u

~koj gn}dojkutan `bda wdlkoko gko

wdh}dukwtu lduik ~koj ctlt} wnojjn" gko

gk}kw itjk edukskb gkun gdet !l`w`uko. ldwnlk

}dojdhksko hno~kl }dbthks ld e`w`b

wdh}kw }do~nh}koko hno~kl }dbthks

sdedbth gntin gn Bke`ukw`unth/

Towtl sthedu l`owkhnoko Ct edukskb

gkun lth}kuko h`w`u bnswunl ~koj edujdsdlko

gdojko }dbthks/ L`owkhnoko Ct itjk

edukskb gkun wdulnlnso~k hkwdunkb }n}k ~kojwduetkw gkun wdhekjk ~koj }dojnlnskoo~k

wduikgn ldwnlk ckh}tuko udfunjduko gko

}dbthks edusnultbksn gkbkh snswdh hdsno

}dognojno/

Kokbnsns Vnstkb

Kokbnsns vnstkb gnbkltlko gdojko hdbnakw

ekjnko(ekjnko gkun l`h}uds`u ~koj

hdojkbkhn }dutekako fnsnl gko }dutekako

zkuok/ Ekjnko(ekjnko ~koj gnkhkwn" kowkukbkno 9

;/ Lkwt} ansk} gko wdlko

Lkwt} ansk} gko wdlko hdut}klko ekjnko

~koj hdojkwtu hkstlldbtkuo~k kbnuko fbtngk

ld utkoj snbnogdu gko hdotit gnscakujd

vkbvd/ Ekjnko non klko sdunoj gnbkbtn `bda

}dbthks gko udfunjduko" sdanojjk }dojkuta

stat gko wdlkoko gkbkh l`h}uds`u gk}kw

gnkhkwn }kgk ekjnko wdusdetw/

!k. !e.

Jkheku 1/ k/ Lkwte ansk} e/ Lkwte wdlko

Gkun jkheku lkwte gn kwks wdubnakw ekazklkwte ansk} gko wdlko ~koj hdojjtoklko

udfunjdukow ACU(;5 hdh}to~kn fbdl c`lbkw

~koj wdubnakw skhku(skhku/ Akb non

gnsdekelko lkudok }dojjtoklko udfunjdukow

ACU(;5 ~koj wdh}dukwtuo~k hdonojlkw/

5/ ]nsw`o " snbnogdu gko cukolsakfw  

Towtl }dojkhkwko sdckuk vnstkb }kgk }nsw`o"

snbnogdu gko w`ukl" wngkl wdubnakw kgko~k

}duedgkko ~koj hdoc`b`l/

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DLSDUJN Ituokb Wdlonl Dodujn V`b : O`/ 5 Hdn 5=;; < 4= ( 46  

46

!k. !e.

!c.Jkheku >/ k/ ]nsw`o e/ Snbnogdu c/]`u`s lutl ks

]kgk ekjnko }nsw`o gko snbnogdu" }duhtlkko

hksnoj(hksnoj l`h}`odo wdusdetw okh}kl 

wdugk}kw sdgnlnw edlks jdsdlko" okhto sdckuk

vnstkb jdsdlko wdusdetw okh}kl sdckuk

skhku(skhku/ ]kgk ekjnko cukolsakfw "

wdugk}kw edlks jdsdlko(jdsdlko ~koj akbts

gko sdckuk vnstkb wngkl okh}kl ckckw ~koj

edukuwn/ ]kgk ekjnko ekjnko ~koj bkno !u`w`u"

swkw`u" lkedb" ukojlk" }n}k wdhekjk" gbb.

sdckuk thth hksna gkbkh ldkgkko eknl/

4/  LDSNH]TBKO

;/ ]dotutoko vnsl`snwks }kgk wdh}dukwtud

7==C towtl ACU(;5 kgkbka 1"54$" }kgk

wdh}dukwtud ;===C kgkbka 4"6$/ Onbkn non

gnekzka onbkn KSWH(774 ~koj

hdos~kukwlko }dutekako sdedsku »3=$"

sdanojjk ldgtk udfunjdukow wdusdetw bk~kl 

gnjtoklko/

5/ S``w  gko zkwdu c`owdow  ~koj wngkl 

hdh}to~kn onbkn !onbkno~k =." non edukuwn

wngkl kgk dogk}ko gko lkogtojko knu

gkbkh snswdh udfunjduksn sdanojjk noswkbksntowtl }dojtinko non wdbka hdhdotan

}u`sdgtu towtl sdetka noswkbksn

udfunjdukw`u /

3/ Wngkl wduikgn }donojlkwko onbkn WKO

7/ L`h}uds`u gdojko udfunjdukow ACU(;5"

lkwt} stcwn`o gko gnscakujd eduzkuok

ldc`lbkwko/ Akb non gnsdekelko `bda

wdueklkuo~k hno~kl }dbthks gko itjk

lkudok dfdl gkun wdh}dukwtu lduik ~koj

wnojjn gkun l`h}uds`u/

4/ ]kgk }nsw`o gko cukolsakfw  wdugk}kwj`udsko(j`udsko" akb non gnklnekwlko `bda

ldgtk l`h}`odo sdbkbkbt edujdsdlko }kgk

skkw edlduik/ Akb nonbka ~koj hdo~dekelko

htoctbo~k zdku hdwkb/

Gdojko gdhnlnko udfunjdukow ACU(;5 c`c`l 

 inlk gnjtoklko }kgk l`h}uds`u aduhkwnl U(

;5 sdanojjk gk}kw hdojjkownlko udfunjdukowU(;5/

UDFDUDOCDS

‥KSAUKD" ;>>1" KSAUKD Akoge``l `f 

Ftogkhdowkb" Hnbbswku Dbdcwu`onc

]tebnsa" Ju`t} Noc/

‥Cnkowku" C/" Akgfndbg" H/" Szkbb`z" K/"

Shnwa" K/" 5===" Wad nofbtdocd `f ]@D

kog ]VD bteunckow ebdogs znwano

aduhdwnc udfunjdukwnoj c`hudss`us`}dukwnoj znwa AFC(;37k udfunjdukow"

Zdku " V`b/ 57;" }}/ 43(67/

‥Gnudlw`ukw Anbnu Engkoj ]dhkskuko gko

Onkjk" 5==5" ]dhdbnakukko Hdsno

Hdbkbtn Kokbnsk ]u`judsnf" Bk~koko

Wdlonl ]dhkskuko(]dbthks/‥Kun Gkuhkzko" Ku~kgn Stz`o` kog

Okwakokdb Wkognko" 5==5" ]dbkwnako

Udfunjduko Angu`ckue`o" Sdhnoku

Udfunjduko Angu`ckue`o" Sdhkukoj/

‥Akunhko Lkuwkltsthka" 5==5" ]dojkuta

AC ]u`}kok !U(5>=. Wduakgk}

Vnsl`snwks Hno~kl ]dbthks gn

L`h}uds`u gdojko ACFC !U(55.

sdekjkn Udfunjduko Kctko/

‥]W/ Akuw`o` Nswkok Wdlo`b`jn" 5==5"

]dojjtokko Udfunjduko Angu`ckue`o

}kgk Bdhkun Ds" Sdhnoku Udfunjduko

Angu`ckue`o" Sdhkukoj/

‥Stlthku Gdv`wwk" O/ O/ Skzkow" Saknbdsa

O/ i`san" Bnfd C~cbd Wdswnoj `f AduhdwncC`h}udss`u Znwa Kbwduokwnvds w` CFC(

;5" Okwn`okb Cadhnckb Bke`ukw`u~" Nognk

‥Znogt Sdgn~`o`" 5==3" Lkin dls}dunhdowkb

}duekognojko toitl lduik ltblks gdojko

hdojjtoklko udfunjduko U(;5 gko

Angu`lkue`o skfd(;5 wduakgk} }dojkuta

vkunksn hkssk udfunjduksn/