5/14/2018 4 Denny, Mei 2011(Eksergi)Rev - slidepdf.com
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DLSDUJN Ituokb Wdlonl Dodujn V`b : O`/ 5 Hdn 5=;; < 4= ( 46
4=
Tin Ldc`c`lko Udfunjduko ACU(;5 ]kgk L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl U(;5
Towtl Hdsno ]dognojno
H/ Gdoo~ Stunoguk
Itutsko Wdlonl Hdsno ]`bnwdlonl Odjdun SdhkukojIb/ ]u`f/ A/ Stgkuw`" S/A/ " Wdhekbkoj" L`wkl ]`s 6;>>SHS" Sdhkukoj 4=35>
Wdb}/ :7:37;:" :76675= !Atownoj." Fkq/ :7:53>6
D(hknb 9 gdoo~stunogukM~ka``/c`h/sj
Keswukl
Udfunjduko angu`lkue`o ~koj eko~kl gnjtoklko hdh}to~kn hdul gkjkoj ACU(;5 A~c``b/ ]kgk tin non
gnjtoklko hdsno }dognojno gdojko l`h}uds`u aduhdwnl !bdhkun ds. ~koj enksk hdojjtoklko U(;5/
]dojtinko non gnbkltlko sdbkhk 5=== ikh/ Tin ldc`c`lko non kgkbka hdhekognojlko vnsl`snwks"
ldkskhko" idbkjk" lkogtojko knu" Kb" Ho" Ct" Fd gko Sn sdedbth gko sdstgka }dojtinko/ Vnsl`snwks
}dbthks sdwdbka }dojtinko }kgk wdh}dukwtu 7==
C gko ;===
C towtl l`h}uds`u gdojko hdojjtoklkoudfunjduko ACU(;5 kgkbka 5="37 cSw gko 7"=4 cSw/ Wngkl wduikgn }dutekako W`wkb Kcng Othedu !WKO."
s``w gko lkogtojko knu }kgk }dbthks l`h}uds`u wdusdetw/ WKO }dbthks sdwdbka gko sdedbth }dojtinko
kgkbka ="=: hj L@Aj/ Lkogtojko Kb" Ho" Ct" Fd gko Sn }kgk }dbthks l`h}uds`u gdojko
hdojjtoklko udfunjduko ACU(;5 eduwtutw(wtutw kgkbka ;" =" 3" =" 3 }}h/ Sdbkno nwt gnbkltlko tin vnstkb
l`h}uds`u aduhdwnl sdwdbka gnjtoklko sdbkhk 5=== ikh/ Gkun tin vnstkb wngkl kgk ldutsklko }duhtlkko
l`h}`odo l`h}uds`u/ Gdojko gdhnlnko ACU(;5 gk}kw gnjtoklko towtl l`h}uds`u aduhdwnl ~koj enksk
hdojjtoklko U(;5/
Ld~z`ug 9Tin Ldc`c`lko" L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl" Udfunjdukow ACU(;5
;/ ]dogkatbtko
Udfunjduko snowdwnl ~koj bkojstojhdog`hnoksn }kskuko ekut(ekut non gnldwkatn
hdhnbnln snfkw hdutskl bnojltojko wdutwkhk
~koj hdojkogtoj sdo~kzk CFC sd}duwn U(
;5 gko U(;3/ Gn Nog`odsnk" bkukojko
}dojjtokko udfunjduko snowdwnl ~koj hdutskl
bnojltojko gnwkojjk}n gdojko }`snwnf/ ]kgk
etbko Ikotkun ;>>1 hdowdun }dunogtswunko gko
}dugkjkojko UN hdojdbtkulko SL o`/ ;;=
gko ;;; ~koj edunsn }dbkojjkuko nh}`u
ekako ~koj gk}kw hdutskl `y`o !@GS"
@y`od Gd}bdwnoj Steswkocd. sduwk}dojak}tsko }u`gtlsn ekukoj(ekukoj
}dojjtok @GS/ Ededuk}k etbko ldhtgnko"
SL O`/ ;;= gko ;;; gnudvnsn gdojko
gnldbtkulkoo~k SL Hdh}dunogkj O`/ 7;=
gko 7;; }kgk wkato ~koj skhk/ @bda sdeke
nwt }dojjtoklko udfunjdukow kbwduokwnvd ~knwt
udfunjdukow angu`lkue`o hdhdubtlko
}dodbnwnko towtl hdojdwkatn }dojkutao~k
wduakgk} ldc`c`lko }dbthks okwtukb }kgk
l`h}udss`u aduhkwnl U(;5/ ]dojtinko non
klko hdhedunlko jkhekuko gkun ldwkakoko
l`h}uds`u aduhdwnc U(;5 gdojko udfunjdukow
ACU(;5/ ]dojtinko gnbkltlko sdbkhk 5===
ikh sdwdbka nwt gnbkltlko nos}dlsn wduakgk}ldutsklko }kgk ]dutekako }dbthks itjk
klko gnkokbnsns sd}duwn lkogtojko b`jkh
}dbthks" lkgku ldkskhko gkun }dbthks
vnsl`snwks lnodwnl" wnwnl o~kbk hno~kl
}dbthks" lkogtojko knu gko ldukl gkun
}dbthks/ ]dojtinko hdojkct }kgk }dodbnwnko
~koj gnbkltlko `bda Stlthku Gdv`wwk gll
~koj wdbka hdojkct }kgk }dodbnwnko gko
}dojdhekojko ~koj gnbkltlko gn Udsdkuca
Cdowdu f`u Udfunjdukwn`o kog Adkw ]th}s
Bwg ~koj edlduikskhk gdojko Tonvdusnw~ `f Akoo`vdu" Jduhko~/
5/ Wd`un L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl
Uthka l`h}uds`u aduhdwnl U(;5 wduetkw
gkun ekik gdojko }dojduikko bks" sdanojjk
eknl l`h}uds`u hkt}to h`w`u bnswunl wkl
gk}kw gn}dunlsk wko}k hdh`w`oj uthka
l`h}uds`u/ @bda lkudok nwt" l`h}`odo gkun
l`h}uds`u aduhdwnc U(;5 akutsbka
wdu}duck~k gko gk}kw gnkogkblko/
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Tin Ldc`c`lko Udfunjduko ACU(;5 ]kgk L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl U(;5 !Gdoo~ S.
4;
Jkheku ;/ L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl
Ldwdukojko Jkheku ;9
;/ Stcwn`o kccthtbkw`u
5/ Stcwn`o wted
3/
Ld}kbk snbnogdu7/ ]nsw`o
4/ ]`u`s dojl`b
6/ Gnscakujd kccthtbkw`u
:/ Swkw`u
1/ Uthka l`h}uds`u
>/ Cukol sakfw
;=/ Nowduokb gnscakujd wted
;;/ @nb gnscakujd wted
;5/ Cukolcksd
;3/ U`w`u
;7/ Gnscakujd wted kccthtbkw`u;4/ Gnscakujd wted
;6/ ]n}k }dojnsnko udfunjduko/
3/ Hdw`gd ]dodbnwnko
]kodb }dukbkwko }dojtinko ~koj
gnjtoklko sd}duwn wdubnakw gkbkh Jkheku 5/
Jkheku 5/ ]kodb }dukbkwko }dojtinko
]kukhdwdu(}kukhdwdu }dojtltuko ~koj
gnwdowtlko towtl hdojdwkatn }dojkuta ~kojwduikgn }kgk }dbthks udfunjduksn sdbkhk
edu`}duksn 5=== ikh o`osw`} skkw
hdojjtoklko ekako }dognojno ACU(;5"
kgkbka9
k/ Vnsl`snwks lnodwnl }dbthks !cSw.
e/ Fbksa }`now
c/ Zdku hdwksb !}}h.g/ Wnojlkw ldkskhko }dbthksWKO !hj
L@Aj.
d/ S``w kog Zkwdu c`owdows
]dusnk}ko kokbnsns hno~kl }dbthks
]dusnk}ko lkbn non gnwtitlko gkbkh akb
}dojdhksko }dbthks aksnb }dojtinko ~koj
klko gn ekzk ld Bke`ukw`unth
]DUWKHNOK Iklkuwk/ Bkojlka(bkojlka
~koj gnbkltlko kgkbka 9k/ Hdoj`s`ojlko udfunjdukow gkun snswdh
!bdhkun ds./ Akb non gnbkltlko sdedbth
}dbd}ksko l`h}uds`u gkun snswdh towtl
hdojanogkun ldeklkuko skkw }dojdbksko"
lkudok udfunjduko angu`lkue`o edusnfkw
fbkhhkebd/
e/ Hdo~nk}lko e`w`b }dokh}toj }dbthks/
E`w`b wdubdena gkatbt gnedusnalko towtl
hdojanbkojlko l`w`uko" ldhtgnko
gnidhtu sdbkhk » 1 ikh/
c/ Hdbd}ks l`h}uds`u gkun snswdh gdojko
ckuk hdojdbks skhetojko(skhetojko
}n}k }kgk snswdh/
g/ Hdotkoj }dbthks gkun l`h}uds`u
ldgkbkh e`w`b ~koj wdbka gnsnk}lko"
ldhtgnko e`w`b gnwtwt} uk}kw sdanojjk
udklsn gdojko tgkuk btku gk}kw gnanogkun/
]dusnk}ko kokbnsns sdckuk vnstkb
Towtl hdbnakw ekjnko gkbkh l`h}uds`u"akuts hdhedbka uthka l`h}uds`u gdojko
hdojjtoklko jdujkin edsn/ Ekjnko(ekjnko
~koj akuts gn}duakwnlko" ~knwt9
k/ Lkwt} gnscakujd
e/ Lkwt} stcwn`o
c/ ]nsw`o
g/ Cukolsakfw
]u`sdgtu kokbnsns vnsl`snwks
Kokbnsns non eduwtitko towtl hdojdwkatn}dutekako vnsl`snwks hno~kl }dbthks gn
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DLSDUJN Ituokb Wdlonl Dodujn V`b : O`/ 5 Hdn 5=;; < 4= ( 46
45
l`h}uds`u sdbkhk 5=== ikh `}duksn" klnekw
educkh}tu gdojko udfunjduko gko hdojkbkhn
}dutekako wdh}dukwtu" wdlkoko" gko
l`owkhnoksn/
]u`sdgtu kokbnsns vnsl`snwks }dbthks9
;/ Hdojangt}lko vnsl`hdwdu gko hdojkwtuwdh}dukwtuo~k !7=
=C gko ;==
=C./
5/ Vnsl`hdwdu gnenkulko sdbkhk ededuk}k
hdonw sdanojjk stat ~koj gnnojnolko
wduck}kn/
3/ Sdwnk} lkbn hdojjtoklko" akuts
hdojlkbneuksn vnsl`hdwdu wdusdetw
gdojko hdojjtoklko ̀ bn swkogku/
7/ Aksnb lkbneuksn gkun `bn swkogku }kbnoj
wngkl hdh}to~kn snh}kojko 2;$ gkun
onbkn vnsl`snwks ~koj wdbka gnwdowtlko
}kgk hksnoj(hksnoj wdh}dukwtu/4/ Hdo~nk}lko }dbthks ~koj klko gntltu
vnsl`snwkso~k/
6/ Hdhkstllko }dbthks ld gkbkh jdbks
tltu sdeko~kl ;4 hb/
:/ Hdotkojlko }dbthks gn jdbks tltu ld
gkbkh wketoj vnsl`hdwdu/
1/ Hdhkstllko wketoj vnsl`hdwdu ld
gkbkh }dukbkwko vnsl`hdwdu gnjnwkb
gdojko hdojjtoklko }doid}nw ~koj wdbka
gnsdgnklko/
>/ Hdhkstllko wketoj vnsl`hdwduo~k
!sdeknlo~k hdhnbna s}nogdb ~koj
hdh}to~kn onbkn fklw`u }dojkbn ~koj
ldcnb" st}k~k gn}du`bda aksnb }dojtltuko
vnsl`snwks ~koj bdena wdbnwn./
;=/ Hdokunl }dbthks ~koj kgk }kgk wketoj
vnsl`hdwdu" sdanojjk }duhtlkko }dbthks
oknl skh}kn ekwks kwks ~koj wdbka
gnwdowtlko gdojko hdojjtoklko }`h}k
vklth/
;;/ Hdhnogkalko }`snsn sznwca }kgk }`snsn@O /
;5/ Hdhenkulko }dbthks hdojkbnu }kgk
wketoj vnsl`hdwdu skh}kn ekwks ekzka
~koj wdbka gnwdowtlko/
;3/ Hdodlko w`he`b sznwca skkw }dbthks
hdo~dowta ekwks ekzka gkun wketoj
vnsl`hdwdu/
;7/ Hdhekck eduk}k vnsl`snwks }kgk gns}bk~/
;4/ Towtl hdh}du`bda aksnb vnsl`snwks" aksnb
}dhekckko }kgk gns}bk~ gnlkbnlko
gdojko fklw`u }dojkbn gkun wketojvnsl`hdwdu wdusdetw/
Jkheku 3/ Vnsc`hdwdu
]u`sdgtu kokbnsns fbksa }`now
Kokbnsns non eduwtitko towtl hdodowtlko
wnwnl o~kbk gkun hno~kl }dbthks sdwdbka
edu`}duksn sdbkhk 5=== ikh/ Towtl kokbnsns
non hdojjtoklko C@C !Cbdvdbdog @}do
Ct}./
Jkheku 7/ C@C !Cbdvdbdog @}do Ct}.
]u`sdgtu kokbnsns fbksa }`now gdojko
hdojjtoklko C@C kgkbka9
;/ Hdojnsn hkojltl gdojko Tsdg @nb
!skh}db. skh}kn wkogk ekwks
5/ Hdhkokslko skh}db gdojko ldcd}kwko
}dhkoksko 54 skh}kn 3==Fhdonw/ Inlk
stat skh}db ;===F gn ekzka wnwnl o~kbk
~koj gn}dulnuklko hklk hdojtukojn
}dhkoksko sdanojjk ldcd}kwko
}dhkoksko towtl 4==F ~koj wduklanu gn
ekzka wnwnl o~kbk gn}dulnuklko > skh}kn;;
=Fhdonw/
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Tin Ldc`c`lko Udfunjduko ACU(;5 ]kgk L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl U(;5 !Gdoo~ S.
43
3/ Gnhtbkn gkun 4==F gn ekzka wnwnl o~kbk"
wdsw fbkhd gnbdzkwlko gn kwks hkojltl
wnk}(wnk} ldoknlko 4=F sdckuk e`bkl(ekbnl
gkbkh zklwt ; gdwnl/
7/ Hdockwkw wdh}dukwtu gnhkok wduikgn
skhekuko k}n }kgk }duhtlkko hno~kl }dbthks ldwnlk wdsw fbkhd gnbdzkwlko/
Wnwnl k}n gk}kw gn ekck }kgk skkw hno~kl
wdueklku sdbkhk 4 gdwnl/
]u`sdgtu kokbnsns hdwkb c`owdow
Kokbnsns non eduwtitko towtl hdojdwkatn
zdku hdwkb ~koj wduikgn sdbkhk edu`}dusn
5=== ikh o`o(sw`}/ Towtl kokbnsns non
hdojjtoklko NC] ! Nogtcwnvdb~ C`t}bdg
]bkshk./ ]u`sdgtu kokbnsk hdwkb c`owdow gdojko hdojjtoklko NC]9
;/ Hdonhnhekoj tsdg `nb skh}kn » ; jukh/
5/ Hdbkutwlko tsdg `nb ld gkbkh ;= hb
q~bdo /
3/ Hdo~dwnoj k}n gkbkh utkoj }dheklkuko
gdojko hdojjtoklko s`fwzkud/
7/ Sdedbth hdhtbkn }dojtinko"
hdhkstllko Q~bdo ld gkbkh utkoj eklku
towtl hdodwukbnsnu/
4/ Hdhkstlko `nb swkogku 4= }}h gko ;==
}}h !c`o`swko zdku hdwkb. sdekjkn
swkogku/
6/ Hdhkstllko tsdg `nb ~koj klko
gnkokbnsns lkgku zdku hdwkb(o~k/
Jkheku 4/ NC] ! Nogtcwnvdb~ C`t}bdg ]bkshk.
]u`sdgtu kokbnsns s``w kog zkwdu c`owdow
Kokbnsns non eduwtitko towtl hdojdwkatn
s``w kog zkwdu c`owdow ~koj wdulkogtoj }kgk
}dbthks" sdbkhk edu`}dusn 5=== ikh o`o(sw`}/ Towtl kokbnsk non hdojjtoklko FWNU
!F`tundu Wukosf`uh Nofuk Udg ./ ]u`sdgtu
kokbnsk s``w kog zkwdu c`owdow gdojko
hdojjtoklko FWNU9
;/ Hdojangt}lko FWNU/
5/ Hdhenkulko kbkw zkuhnoj(t} sdbkhk »;=
hdonw/3/ Sdedbth hdhtbkn }dojtinko"
hdhedusnalko }duhtlkko ‒lunswkb lkck‘
gdojko bkutwko w`btdod/
7/ Hdotkojlko @nb udfdudocd }kgk
}duhtlkko lunswkb sdckuk hdukwk/
4/ Hdodlko w`he`b scko }kgk s`fwzkud
FWNU/
6/ Hdhekognojlko aksnb `nb udfdudocd
gdojko gkwk eksd" ~koj wdbka gnhnbnln
`bda s`fwzkud FWNU /
:/ Inlk aksnb gkun `nb udfdudocd hdhnbnln}do~nh}kojko ltukoj gkun » 4$" kbkw
gk}kw gnlkwklko eknl/
1/ Hdhedusnalko }duhtlkko lunswkb gdojko
bkutwko w`btdod sdedbth }dojtinko tsdg
`nb edunltwo~k/
>/ Hdotkojlko tsdg `nb }kgk }duhtlkko
lunswkb sdckuk hdukwk/
;=/ Hdodlko w`he`b scko }kgk s`fwzkud
FWNU /
;;/ Hdocdwkl aksnbo~k gkbkh edowtl }unow(
`tw /
;5/ Hdojtbkojn bkojlka ld(;= towtl
}dojtinko tsdg `nb idons bkno/
Jkheku 6/ FWNU !F`tundu Wukosf`uh Nofuk Udg ./
]u`sdgtu kokbnsns WKO
Kokbnsns non eduwtitko towtl hdojdwkatn
wnojlkw ldkskhko ~koj wdulkogtoj }kgk
}dbthks/ Towtl kokbnsk non hdojjtoklko
Wnwunhdwdu / ]u`sdgtu kokbnsk WKO gdojko
hdojjtoklko Wnwunhdwdu sdekjkn edunltw9
;/ Hdonhekoj tsdg `nb skh}kn » ;4 jukh/
5/ Hdbkutwlko tsdg `nb wdusdetw ld gkbkh
bkutwko s`bvdo/
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DLSDUJN Ituokb Wdlonl Dodujn V`b : O`/ 5 Hdn 5=;; < 4= ( 46
47
3/ Hdo~nk}lko L@A gkbkh dwko`bkbl`a`b
sdekjkn }doj(wnwuko/
7/ Hdo~nk}lko bkutwko swkogku !s`bvdo."
aksnb gkun bkutwko swkogku klko hdhnbnln
}`wdosn`hdwdu ;"3; hV gdojko w`bdukosn
» ; $/4/ Hdhkstllko tsdg `nb ~koj stgka
gnbkutwlko gdojko s`bvdo ld gkbkh
Wnwunhdwdu /
6/ Hdhenkulko ededuk}k hdonw sdanojjk
wduikgn wnwuksn/
:/ Aksnb ldbtku gkbkh edowtl }unow(`tw R
Jkheku :/ Wnwunhdwdu
7/ Aksnb gko ]dhekaksko
]dbthks okwtukb l`h}uds`u non gnetkwsdckuk latsts towtl l`h}uds`u aduhdwnc U(
;5 sdanojjk gk}kw edlduik sdckuk eknl }kgk
wdh}dukwtu l`h}uds`u/ ]dbthks eduekako
gksku }dbthks hnodukb idons ok}awdonc/ ]kgk
Wkedb ; gko 5 edunltw klko gn}dubnakwlko
gkwk hno~kl sdedbth }dojtinko/
Wkedb ;/ Gkwk }dbthks sdedbth }dojtinko
O` ]dhdunlskko Hdw`gdAksnb
ACU(;5
; Vnsc`snw~ Lnodhkwnc cSW KSWH(774
(}kgk 7==C 55";:
(}kgk ;===C 7"5>
5 W`wkb Kcng Othedu hjL@Aj KSWH G(667 ="=:
3 Fbksa ]`now C@C ;1=
7 Nofukudg B`z Anja FWNU
S``w = =":= =
Zkwdu = ="3= =
4 Hdwkb C`owdow }}h KSWH G(4;14
Kb =
Ho =
Ct =
Fd =
Sn =
Wkedb 5/ Gkwk }dbthks sdstgka }dojtinko
O` ]dhdunlskko Hdw`gdAksnb
ACU(;5
; Vnsc`snw~ Lnodhkwnc cSW KSWH(774
(}kgk 7==C 5="37
(}kgk ;==
=
C 7"=45 W`wkb Kcng Othedu
hjL@Aj
KSWH G(667="=:6
3 Fbksa ]`now C@C ;:5
7 Nofukudg B`z Anja FWNU
S``w = =":= =
Zkwdu = ="3= =
4 Hdwkb C`owdow }}h KSWH G(4;14
Kb ;
Ho =
Ct 3
Fd =
Sn 3
Sdgkojlko gkwk khekoj ekwks }dbthks ~koj
hksna gk}kw gnjtoklko gkbkh l`h}uds`u
aduhkwnl U(;5 kgkbka sdekjkn edunltw non9
Wkedb 3/ Gkwk khekoj ekwks }dbthks l`h}uds`u
aduhdwnc
O` ]dhdunlskko Vkbtd !hkqnhkb.
; Vnsc`snw~ Lnodhkwnc cSW O`w Kbb`zdg »3=$
!Kbb Vnsc`snw~.
5 W`wkb Kcng Othedu hj L@Aj ="3
3 Zdku Hdwkb }}h
Kb ;=
Ct ;4
Fd 54
Sn ;4
Kokbnsns vnsl`snwks
Gkun aksnb }dojtinko }dbthks ~koj
gnbkltlko gn bke`ukw`unth ]dHK] ]duwkhnok
hdotoitlko kgko~k }dotutoko vnsl`snwks
}kgk }dbthks/ Udfunjdukow ACU(;5 }kgk
wdh}dukwtud 7==C sdedbth gnbkltlko
}dojtinko vnsc`snwks lnodhkwnl 55";: gko
sdwdbka }dojtinko vnsc`snwks lnodhkwnl 5="37sdgkojlko }kgk wdh}dukwtud ;==
=C sdedbth
gnbkltlko }dojtinko vnsc`snwks lnodhkwnl
7"5> gko sdwdbka }dojtinko vnsc`snwks
lnodhkwnl 7"=4/ Wduikgno~k }dotutoko
vnsl`snwks non gnsdekelko `bda ededuk}k akb
~knwt9
;/ Educkh}tuo~k }dbthks gdojko udfunjduko
}kgk skkw }dbthks edlduik }kgk snswdh
udfunjduksn/
5/ Oknlo~k wdh}dukwtu lduik }dbthks ~koj
gnsdekelko `bda wdlkoko udfunjdukow ~koj
gnhkh}kwlko sduwk `bda lduik h`w`u
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Tin Ldc`c`lko Udfunjduko ACU(;5 ]kgk L`h}uds`u Aduhdwnl U(;5 !Gdoo~ S.
44
bnswunl/ Oknlo~k wdh}dukwtu non
hdo~dekelko hdbdhkao~k nlkwko kowkuk
h`bdltb }dbthks ~koj hdojklnekwlko
wtutoo~k vnsl`snwks }dbthks/
3/ Jdsdlko kowkuk l`h}`odo ~koj edujdukl
gkun l`h}uds`u sdanojjk hdojklnekwlkooknlo~k wdlkoko gko wdh}dukwtu }kgk
bk}nsko fnbh gnkowkuk gtk b`jkh ~koj
edujdsdlko/
]dotutoko vnsl`snwks }dbthks non hksna
gkbkh ekwks ~koj gnudl`hdogksnlko ~knwt
hksna gnekzka 3= $ gkun vnsl`snwks }dbthks
ekut/
Kokbnsns WKO
Edugkskulko aksnb }dojtinko WKO wdubnakwekazk wngkl kgk }donojlkwko onbkn WKO
sdwdbka snswdh edulduik sdbkhk 5=== ikh wk}n
zkbkt}to wngkl kgk ldoknlko }kgk onbkn WKO
sdwdbka }dojtinko udklsn `lsngksn wdwk} wduikgn
lkudok `lsngksn wdubkutw nltw gkbkh snultbksn
}dbthksko/
Kokbnsns s``w gko zkwdu c`owdows
Aksnb }dojtinko s``w gko zkwdu c`owdow
wngkl hdojkbkhn ldoknlko !onbkno~k o`b.
hklk noswkbksn ~koj gnbkltlko stgka sdstkn
gdojko }u`sdgtu }dojnoswkbko ltblks/
Kokbnsns hdwkb c`owdows
]dbthks ekut ! fudsa `nb. wngkl wdugk}kw
l`owkhnoksn zdku hdwkb ~koj wdugdwdlsn `bda
kbkw NC]/ Lkogtojko Fd sdedsku = }}h" Ct
sdedsku 3 }}h" Kb sdedsku ; }}h gko Sn
sdedsku 3 }}h/ Fd gko Kb hdut}klkohdwdunkb twkhk }do~tsto }kgk }nsw`o" hklk
kgko~k l`owkhnoko Fd gko Kb edukskb gkun
jdsdlko kowkuk snbnogdu gko }nsw`o ~koj
hdojklnekwlko }dojnlnsko ldgtk hkwdunkb
l`h}`odo wdusdetw/
Sthedu l`owkhnoko Sn edukskb gkun keuksn
}kgk jksldw gn ld}kbk snbnogdu l`h}uds`u
~koj gn}dojkutan `bda wdlkoko gko
wdh}dukwtu lduik ~koj ctlt} wnojjn" gko
gk}kw itjk edukskb gkun gdet !l`w`uko. ldwnlk
}dojdhksko hno~kl }dbthks ld e`w`b
wdh}kw }do~nh}koko hno~kl }dbthks
sdedbth gntin gn Bke`ukw`unth/
Towtl sthedu l`owkhnoko Ct edukskb
gkun lth}kuko h`w`u bnswunl ~koj edujdsdlko
gdojko }dbthks/ L`owkhnoko Ct itjk
edukskb gkun wdulnlnso~k hkwdunkb }n}k ~kojwduetkw gkun wdhekjk ~koj }dojnlnskoo~k
wduikgn ldwnlk ckh}tuko udfunjduko gko
}dbthks edusnultbksn gkbkh snswdh hdsno
}dognojno/
Kokbnsns Vnstkb
Kokbnsns vnstkb gnbkltlko gdojko hdbnakw
ekjnko(ekjnko gkun l`h}uds`u ~koj
hdojkbkhn }dutekako fnsnl gko }dutekako
zkuok/ Ekjnko(ekjnko ~koj gnkhkwn" kowkukbkno 9
;/ Lkwt} ansk} gko wdlko
Lkwt} ansk} gko wdlko hdut}klko ekjnko
~koj hdojkwtu hkstlldbtkuo~k kbnuko fbtngk
ld utkoj snbnogdu gko hdotit gnscakujd
vkbvd/ Ekjnko non klko sdunoj gnbkbtn `bda
}dbthks gko udfunjduko" sdanojjk }dojkuta
stat gko wdlkoko gkbkh l`h}uds`u gk}kw
gnkhkwn }kgk ekjnko wdusdetw/
!k. !e.
Jkheku 1/ k/ Lkwte ansk} e/ Lkwte wdlko
Gkun jkheku lkwte gn kwks wdubnakw ekazklkwte ansk} gko wdlko ~koj hdojjtoklko
udfunjdukow ACU(;5 hdh}to~kn fbdl c`lbkw
~koj wdubnakw skhku(skhku/ Akb non
gnsdekelko lkudok }dojjtoklko udfunjdukow
ACU(;5 ~koj wdh}dukwtuo~k hdonojlkw/
5/ ]nsw`o " snbnogdu gko cukolsakfw
Towtl }dojkhkwko sdckuk vnstkb }kgk }nsw`o"
snbnogdu gko w`ukl" wngkl wdubnakw kgko~k
}duedgkko ~koj hdoc`b`l/
5/14/2018 4 Denny, Mei 2011(Eksergi)Rev - slidepdf.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/4-denny-mei-2011eksergirev 7/7
DLSDUJN Ituokb Wdlonl Dodujn V`b : O`/ 5 Hdn 5=;; < 4= ( 46
46
!k. !e.
!c.Jkheku >/ k/ ]nsw`o e/ Snbnogdu c/]`u`s lutl ks
]kgk ekjnko }nsw`o gko snbnogdu" }duhtlkko
hksnoj(hksnoj l`h}`odo wdusdetw okh}kl
wdugk}kw sdgnlnw edlks jdsdlko" okhto sdckuk
vnstkb jdsdlko wdusdetw okh}kl sdckuk
skhku(skhku/ ]kgk ekjnko cukolsakfw "
wdugk}kw edlks jdsdlko(jdsdlko ~koj akbts
gko sdckuk vnstkb wngkl okh}kl ckckw ~koj
edukuwn/ ]kgk ekjnko ekjnko ~koj bkno !u`w`u"
swkw`u" lkedb" ukojlk" }n}k wdhekjk" gbb.
sdckuk thth hksna gkbkh ldkgkko eknl/
4/ LDSNH]TBKO
;/ ]dotutoko vnsl`snwks }kgk wdh}dukwtud
7==C towtl ACU(;5 kgkbka 1"54$" }kgk
wdh}dukwtud ;===C kgkbka 4"6$/ Onbkn non
gnekzka onbkn KSWH(774 ~koj
hdos~kukwlko }dutekako sdedsku »3=$"
sdanojjk ldgtk udfunjdukow wdusdetw bk~kl
gnjtoklko/
5/ S``w gko zkwdu c`owdow ~koj wngkl
hdh}to~kn onbkn !onbkno~k =." non edukuwn
wngkl kgk dogk}ko gko lkogtojko knu
gkbkh snswdh udfunjduksn sdanojjk noswkbksntowtl }dojtinko non wdbka hdhdotan
}u`sdgtu towtl sdetka noswkbksn
udfunjdukw`u /
3/ Wngkl wduikgn }donojlkwko onbkn WKO
7/ L`h}uds`u gdojko udfunjdukow ACU(;5"
lkwt} stcwn`o gko gnscakujd eduzkuok
ldc`lbkwko/ Akb non gnsdekelko `bda
wdueklkuo~k hno~kl }dbthks gko itjk
lkudok dfdl gkun wdh}dukwtu lduik ~koj
wnojjn gkun l`h}uds`u/
4/ ]kgk }nsw`o gko cukolsakfw wdugk}kwj`udsko(j`udsko" akb non gnklnekwlko `bda
ldgtk l`h}`odo sdbkbkbt edujdsdlko }kgk
skkw edlduik/ Akb nonbka ~koj hdo~dekelko
htoctbo~k zdku hdwkb/
Gdojko gdhnlnko udfunjdukow ACU(;5 c`c`l
inlk gnjtoklko }kgk l`h}uds`u aduhkwnl U(
;5 sdanojjk gk}kw hdojjkownlko udfunjdukowU(;5/
UDFDUDOCDS
‥KSAUKD" ;>>1" KSAUKD Akoge``l `f
Ftogkhdowkb" Hnbbswku Dbdcwu`onc
]tebnsa" Ju`t} Noc/
‥Cnkowku" C/" Akgfndbg" H/" Szkbb`z" K/"
Shnwa" K/" 5===" Wad nofbtdocd `f ]@D
kog ]VD bteunckow ebdogs znwano
aduhdwnc udfunjdukwnoj c`hudss`us`}dukwnoj znwa AFC(;37k udfunjdukow"
Zdku " V`b/ 57;" }}/ 43(67/
‥Gnudlw`ukw Anbnu Engkoj ]dhkskuko gko
Onkjk" 5==5" ]dhdbnakukko Hdsno
Hdbkbtn Kokbnsk ]u`judsnf" Bk~koko
Wdlonl ]dhkskuko(]dbthks/‥Kun Gkuhkzko" Ku~kgn Stz`o` kog
Okwakokdb Wkognko" 5==5" ]dbkwnako
Udfunjduko Angu`ckue`o" Sdhnoku
Udfunjduko Angu`ckue`o" Sdhkukoj/
‥Akunhko Lkuwkltsthka" 5==5" ]dojkuta
AC ]u`}kok !U(5>=. Wduakgk}
Vnsl`snwks Hno~kl ]dbthks gn
L`h}uds`u gdojko ACFC !U(55.
sdekjkn Udfunjduko Kctko/
‥]W/ Akuw`o` Nswkok Wdlo`b`jn" 5==5"
]dojjtokko Udfunjduko Angu`ckue`o
}kgk Bdhkun Ds" Sdhnoku Udfunjduko
Angu`ckue`o" Sdhkukoj/
‥Stlthku Gdv`wwk" O/ O/ Skzkow" Saknbdsa
O/ i`san" Bnfd C~cbd Wdswnoj `f AduhdwncC`h}udss`u Znwa Kbwduokwnvds w` CFC(
;5" Okwn`okb Cadhnckb Bke`ukw`u~" Nognk
‥Znogt Sdgn~`o`" 5==3" Lkin dls}dunhdowkb
}duekognojko toitl lduik ltblks gdojko
hdojjtoklko udfunjduko U(;5 gko
Angu`lkue`o skfd(;5 wduakgk} }dojkuta
vkunksn hkssk udfunjduksn/