-
V
7.090202
2004
-
V
7.090202
1 26.02.2004
2004
.
41.
2. 72.1. 72.2. 72.3. 93. 143.1. 153.2. 163.2.1. [z], 173.2.2.
[z], 183.2.3. [z], 193.2.4. , 193.2.5. [Pz], 203.3. 253.3.1. ,
.253.3.2. , 263.4. 313.5. 334. - " "354.1. 355. [4]375.1. 375.2.
375.3. 385.4. 386. 39 145 246 348 455 55759
1.
- . , , , , , .
, , , , .
, , . 12.01 12.02 - , .
: () ; ; ; ; , , ; , , ; ; .
- , : , .
.
t, S v. , , , . , , . , , , .
, , , , , .
' , ,
W=tSv,
W ' , , 3/; t - , ; S - , /; v - , /.
. ( " "), vi 500,4-0,550,55-0,650,65-0,7
, 0,25-0,40,4-0,50,5-0,6
5 / 20 500,18-0,250,25-0,30,3-0,4
> 500,2-0,30,3-0,350,35-0,5
, 0,15-0,250,25-0,40,4-0,5
2,5 / 10 500,10,11-0,150,15-0,22
1000,11-0,160,16-0,250,25-0,35
> 1000,16-0,20,2-0,250,2-0,35
, 0,1-0,150,15-0,20,2-0,35
5
,
(l) (18) (19), (20)
l3
l/448
l/(3)102
3.2.1. [z],
, , . . 5.
, P, .
==Pz,
=Py/Pz ( =(0,4..0,6). , , .
W[],
(17)
, ; =(l). (l), , . 5; [] , ; []=/; , ; , 4..5; W - , 3.
W=D3(1-3)/32,
=d/D, d , ; D - , .
(17) , , , :
[z]=W[]/((l)).
(18)
. , (18) D D1. .
3.2.2. [z],
Y Z. y, z . y y < [y]. , :
y=yl3/(CEI),
(19)
l , ; , ( . 5).
(19) Py=Pz,
[z]=EI[y]/(l3),
(20)
[z] , , ; , . =210 =2,11011 ; , 4.
=D4(1-4)/64=0,05D4(1-4);
=d/D; [y] , .
[y]=z/4, z , . [y]=(1/8..1/6), , . [y]=0,2..0,4 [10].. , (20) D
D1. .
(20) . .
3.2.3. [z], . [], : < [].
, , () ( ), z G . , ,
=+f(Pz+Py)+fG,
(21)
f . =0,3z; =0,5z; G=0,2Pz f=0,1, 0,5z, 0,5z 1,1[S]p, S1=Sq.
10
,
=(/750)
=(HB/190)
=(HB/150)
n
>600 0,750,35
0,75
0,40,53
11
,
1201,0
>1200,75
0,62
1,8-2,2
10% 0,65-0,70
1,7-2,1
15%0,25-0,48
1,0
250
350
3501,5
2,0
2,75
12
,
o
-1501012 - 1520 - 25
1,251,11,0--
---1,151,0
,...
30456090
1,081,000,940,89
1,081,000,981,08
r,
0,51,02,03,05,0
0,870,931,01,041,10
3.3.
, /.:
[v]=min{[v], [v]i},
(28)
[v] , ; [v]i , . , , .
, -1:
[n]=1000[v]/((D),
(29)
D , .
3.3.1. , .
:
N ( NeK,
(30)
Ne , ; Ne=N, N - , ; - () ; . =1,25, =1,0.
(30) N (5)
Pzv/(601000) NeK.
, [v], /, ,[v]=601000NeK/Pz,
(31)
Pz , .
(31) Pz,
[v]=.
(32)
, , , , , (n=0)
[v]=.
(33)
n=-0,15; =1 =0,75.
[v]=.
(34)
, , n . 9, . 10, 11, 12.
3.3.2. ,
, , , , /:
[v]i=CvKv/(TmtS),
(35)
, ; t - , ; S - , /.
Cv xv, yv, m . 13. Kv , :Kv=KMvKCvKvKivK(vK(1vKrvKqvKdvKov,
(36)
KMv (. 14 17); KCv - (. 18); Kv - (. 19); Kiv - (. 20); Kv, K1v,
Krv, Kqv - : , , (. 21); Kdv - (. 22); Kov - ( . . 13).
13
[5, 6, 8]
S, /
Cvxvyvm
=750 156*) 0,30
0,30
0,75420
350
3400,150,20
0,35
0,450,20
65**) 0,25
0,2587,5
560,250,33
0,660,125
12189, 1416*)
1100,200,450,15
65**)
31
0,55
1906*) 0,402920,150,200,20
0,40243
0,40
1508*) 0,403170,150,200,20
0,40251
0,45
65**) 0,251060,200,250,125
0,2575
0,50
100-14065*) 0,202700,120,250,23
0,20182
0,50
65*) 0,204850,120,250,23
0,20328
0,50
: *) ; **) .
14
, [8]
, Mv=750/(v=CM(750/()
Mv=(190/)1,25Mv=(190/)1,70
Mv=(150/)1,25Mv=(150/)1,70
nv
nv
(0,6%)(450 1,0-1,0
(>450 1,21,75
1,2
1,0
0,81,75
0,91,5
(>0,6%), 0,81,75
, , 0,71,25
, , , 0,71,5
0,61,2
15
v,
(, v(, v
121895501,0787800,75
112201100-14600,8-0,375-0,53
201531100-14600,7-0,3807500,48
252750-9000,7577850-10000,40
3021100-14500,4-0,1377850-10000,26
1172800-13001,0-0,75359500,50
1126501,10701000-12500,25
1314700-12000,5-0,470-0,23
203-1,5-1,1 9291000-12500,25
41288-0,99-1,02 893900-10000,20
4141427001,06 766, 767950-15000,10
12203720-8000,8535900-9500,22
1215820-10000,6510000,15
2318600-6200,807-45500-6000,30
31998600-6200,403, 3-1950-12000,40
6547300,505, 4750-9500,70
8129000,356, 8900-12000,35
313001,3014900-14000,53-0,43
213000,751013, 2013600-11001,5-1,2
3013, 4013850-11001,3-0,9
16
v,
v
: >1400,7
100..1401,0
2,0
10% 4,0
8,0
15%12,0
17
v,
v
(), (=200..300 , >65
(), (=400..500 , >1000,8
, (=100..200 , 65
, (=300..400 , 1001,0
, (=200..300 1,2
18
v,
v
1,0
1,1
0,95
0,9
0,8
19
v,
v
1,0
0,9
0,8
0,8-0,85
0,5-0,6
0,9
20
v,
v
51251014815630417128
0,350,650,81,01,40,40,4
65, 18, 95182951055, 1852910
1,01,021,031,051,07
851015618
1,01,41,90,3
HRC 35..50HRC 51..62
15630468468
1,01,250,850,831,00,920,74
86432
0,831,01,11,151,25
65, 9, 18469, 12
1,02,52,70,60,5
21
,
-
(,...- (v- (1,...- (1v - - rv - q, *)- qv
201,4101,010,9420 12
16 160,93
301,2150,9721,026 16
20 200,97
451,0200,9431,0332 20
25 251,0
600,9300,91--40 25
32 321,04
750,8450,8751,1540 32
40 401,08
900,7----50 401,12
22
dv,
D1/D*) dv
-1,0
0...0,41,24
0,5...0,71,18
0,8...1,01,04
-1,0
0,5...0,70,96
0,85...0,950,84
-0,9
*) D, D1
, v (.. 23).
23
v, [4]
- ,
304560901302003004506801000
Tv
- 1,101,051,000,900,800,750,700,650,600,50
1,151,051,000,900,850,80----
3.4.
( ) ,
1=[v]1 / [v]i1,
(37)
1 , (=1). 1 . 1>1, =1 . (), , . , , , . .
1 1 1/(+1)q,
(40)
q=1,33v-v-0,33; xv, yv - (. . 13).
1 .
, . . , , , .
- , (=1,06) , . , .
[S], , , .
3.5.
, , , -1:
n=1000v / (D).
(41)
.
, , n nk+1 nk:
nk < n < nk+1. =n/nk=v/vk. , =nk+1/nk=vk+1/vk
n/nk+1=v/vk+1=/. :
,
(42)
=v , v=vi; y=y/(1+n) , v=v. yv, y, n (. . 13 9).
, , . , ,
[Sk+1]=S(/)1/y,
(43)
(42).
v=Dni / 1000.
(44)
:
, , ( ) 0,5..2 ;
1 2 11 3 4 8 9 . 8 9 1 2 .
2 3/4 1/4 .
, [S] [S]. , , . , .
, , , , , . , , , (v
