5 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;sdfe.lk/web/images/downloads/annual_reports/si/chapter_5_si.pdf · 5'1 iuia; ksÍlaIK,xld uy nexl=j iy rch úiska 2012 jir wdrïNfha ° l%shd;aul

5'1 iuia; ksÍlaIK

,xld uy nexl=j iy rch úiska 2012 jir

wdrïNfha ° l%shd;aul lrk ,o úplaIKYS,S

m%;sm;a;s l%shdudr®. fya;=fjka f.da,Sh wdr®:ßl

wNsfhda. yuqfõ jqjo Á ,xldfõ úfoaYSh

wxYh 2012 jifr® ° Yla;su;a úh' ukao.dó

f.da,Sh b,aÆu ksid wmkhk wvqùu;a" wdkhk

iS>% f,i jeäùu;a fya;=fjka fjf<| ysÛh mqΩ,a

ùu 2012 jir wdrïNfha ° uqyqK ≥ka m%Odk;u

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rdYshla Á ,xld uy nexl=j iy rch úiska l%shdjg

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lrñka bkaOk fkdjk wdkhk úhou ishhg 8'6

lska wvqùu;a iu`. 2012 jifr® wdkhk úhou

ishhg 5'4 lska wvq úh' úksuh wkqmd;slh jvd

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.Kka wvqùu iy wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmofha

iy hqfrdamd l,dmfha wdr®:ßl l%shdldrlïj,

ukao.dó nj yuqfõ f.da,Sh b,aÆu wvqùu

fya;=fjka" 2012 jifr® ° wmkhk ishhg 7'4 lska

wvq úh' ksrfmalaI w.h ie,lSfï° wmkhk wd∞hu

wvqùug jvd jeä m%udKhlska wdkhk úhou

wvqùu ksid fjf<| ysÛh t'c'fvd,r® ì,shk 9'4

olajd ishhg 3'1 lska wvq úh' tA wkqj" 2011 jifr®

o< foaYSh ksIamd†;fha ô'foa'ks'& m%;sY;hla f,i

ishhg 16'4 la jQ fjf<| ysÛh 2012 jifr® ° ishhg

15'8 olajd wvq úh'

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hq;= jr®Okh iy m%d.aOk yd uQ,H .sKqfï ,eîï

wLKavj by<hdu ksid" 2012 jifr® ° Á ,xldfõ

f.jqï ;=,kfha w;s˙la;hla jdr®;d úh' ixpdrl

yd m%jdyk fiajd bmehSï iy úfoaY fiajd

kshqla;slhskaf.a fm%aIK ,eîï ie,lsh hq;= f,i

jeä ùu;a" fjf<| .sKqfï ysÛh wvqùu;a fya;=fjka

cx.u .sKqfï ysÛh" 2011 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk

4"615 isg 2012 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 3"915 la

olajd wvq úh' o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla jYfhka cx.u

.sKqfï ysÛh 2011 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg 7'8 isg

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fm!oa.,sl wxYh †˙ .kajk ,°' fuu jr®Okhka

iuÛ" f.jqï ;=,kh 2011 jifr® jdr®;d jQ

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"061 l ysÛh yd iei£fï °

2012 jir wjidkfha ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 151 l

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jifr® m<uq udi lsysmh ;=< uy nexl=j úiska

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° Á ,xld uy nexl=j úiska jd◊c nexl=j, b†˙

.súiqï i|yd iSudjka mekùug iy Y=oaO wkdjrK

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.kakd ,°' fuu m%;sm;a;suh fjkig wkqrEmSj

uQ,sl jYfhka 2012 jifr® m<uq Nd.fha ° úksuh

wkqmd;slh ishhg 14'56 lska wjm%udKh úh'

flfia kuq;a" 2012 jifr® fojk Nd.fha ° úfoaY

úksuh ,eîï by< hdu;a iuÛ remshf,a w.h

by< f.dia t'c'fvd,rhg idfmalaIj ishhg 4'83

lska w;sm%udKh úh' tneúka iuia;hla f,i" 2012

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10'43 lska wjm%udKh úh' jifr® wjidk Nd.fha °

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2013 jir uq, ° Á ,xld uy nexl=j úiska jd◊c

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l< f;a wmkhkh ls¯u †˙.ekaùug w.h tl;=

l< f;a wmkhkh lrk f;a ksIamdolhka yd f;a

wmkhklrejka w;r mj;sk yjq,a jHdmdr i|yd"

wd∞hï n≥ iyk ,nd fok ,°' f;a wmkhkfha

° foaYSh w.h tl;= ls¯u †˙.ekaùug f;d.

jYfhka wmkhkh lrk f;a i|yd mkjd ;snQ

fiia noao ;j≥rg;a n,meje;aú◊' ke.S tk by<

w.hka we;s lr®udka; úiska Ndú;d lrk wuqøjH

wmkhkh wffOr®hu;a ls¯u iy w.h tl;= l<

wmkhk †˙.ekaùu i|yd fiia noao by< ±óu is≥

lrk ,°' ta wkqj" wuq rnr®" l=re∫ iy iajNdúl

je,s" ;srejdkd" fmdiafmaÜ" b,aukhsÜ iy uhsld

jeks ≥r®,N mia iy Lksc wmkhk i|yd fiia n≥

y∫kajd fok ,°' flfiajqjo" fuu fiia n≥j, jdis

,nd.ekSug mqyqKq Y%uh jr®Okh ls¯u i|yd wjYH

wdfhdack is≥l< hq;= w;r" uhsfl%da Ñma jeks by<

;dlaI◊l lr®udka; m%jr®Okh l< hq;=h' ;jo"

f;d. iy is,a,r jYfhka wmkhklrejkag

úl=Kk NdKav" cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï noafoka NBT&

ksoyia lr we;'

wmkhk m%jr®Okhg iu.dój" foaYSh jYfhka

ksmoúh yels NdKav wdkhkh i|yd lrk úhou

wju ls¯ug mshjr .kakd ,°' foaYSh fr†ms<s

ksIamdok lr®udka;h i|yd jir 5 la ;=< weÛÆï

lr®udka;hg wjYH fr†ms<s m%udKfhka wvla

muKj;a ksIamdokh ls¯ug yelsjk m˙†" ishÆ kQ,a

jr®. wdkhk n≥j,ska ksoyia fldg ta fjkqjg kQ,a

lsf,dajla i|yd" ish,a, wvx.= jk m˙† re' 75 l

n≥ .dia;=jla y∫kajd fok ,°' Bg wu;rj" ms<s.;a

fjf<| kduhka iys;j wdkhkh lrk weÛÆï

i|yd ishhg 35 l ish,a, wvx.= Wm˙u wdkhk

noaola mkjk ,°' fï w;r" wmkhkh i|yd we`.Ωï

ksIamdokh lrk wdh;kj,g ish ksIamdokfhka

whs;uhlg fyda ñáhlg re' 25 l ish,a, we;=<;a

noaolg hg;aj ;u ksIamdokfhka ishhg 25 la

foaYSh fjf<|fmd<g ksoyia ls¯ug wjir ,nd °

;sì◊' 2013 whjeh u.ska fuu myiqlu ishhg

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u; cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï noao iy tl;= l< w.h

u; n≥ ^VAT& f.ùug is≥fõ' ;jo" foaYSh tl;=

l< w.h we;s lr®udka; †˙u;a ls¯u i|yd úh<s

t<jΩ yd m<;=re" ;s˙Û=" ;%sfmdaI fukau YS;lrK

jeks whs;u wdkhkh ls¯fï° fiia noao mekùu

fyda by< ±óu is≥lrk ,°'

idr®j wdr®:ßl ia:dhS;djh /l.ekSfï wruq◊ka"

wdkhk úhou md,kh ls¯u b,lal lr.;a m%;sm;a;s

wkq.ukh lrk ,°' fudagr® r:" ;%S frdao r: iy

fudagr® nhsissl,a u; jQ ksIamdok noao 2012 udr®;=

31 isg n,meje;afjk m˙† by< kexjQ w;r tu.ska

fm!oa.,sl fudagr® r: wdkhkh wffOr®hu;afldg

fjf<| ysÛh wvqls¯ug n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh' foaYSh

lDIslr®udka;h /l.ekSu iy m%jr®Okh Wfoid

wr®;dm,a" ñ˙ia" fmd,a f;,a iy ΩEkq jeks wdydr

øjH lsysmhla u; mekjQ úfYaI fjf<| NdKav noao

^SCL) ixfYdaOkh lrk ,°' foaYSh iSks lr®udka;h

kxjd,Su ms◊i iSks wdkhkh u; mekjQ úfYaI

fjf<| NdKav noao by< kxjk ,°'

f.da,Sh jYfhka ,efnk wjia:djka

m%fhdackhg .ekSug yelsjk m˙†

wmkhklrejkag wjYH wdh;ksl iydh

wLKavj ,nd fok ,°' f,dal fr®.= ixúOdkh

u.ska iEu jir 3 lgu jrla ixfYdaOkh lrkq

,nk cd;Hka;r NdKav ixfla;lrK l%ufhys

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ixialrKh" Á ,xldj ms<s.ekSfuka cd;Hka;rj

ms<s.;a m%ñ;Skag wkql+,j fjf<| NdKav

jr®.SlrKh ;j≥rg;a mj;ajd .kakd ,°' fuu

kj NdKav ixfla;lrK kdudj,shg wkql+,j

m%d:ñl wdydr úia;rd;aul f,i y∫kd .ekSu

iy ;dlaI◊l †hqKqj ksid we;sjQ kj NdKav

jr®.SlrKh we;=<;a fõ' foaYSh ue◊la iy

iajr®KdNrK lr®udka;h f.da,Sh jYfhka ;rÛld¯

lr®udka;hla njg m;als¯fï wruqfKka ue◊la

wdkhkh ls¯fï ° mkjd ;snQ cd;sh f.dvke.Sfï

noao bj;a lrk ,o w;r" fm!oa.,slj /f.k tk

ue◊la myiqfjka fr®.=fjka ksoyia lr .ekSu

i|yd úfYaI .dia;=jla whls¯ug mshjr .kakd ,°'

2012 ° ue◊la yd iajr®KdNrK wmkhkhkaf.ka

wvlg;a jvd fn,a‚hug wmkhkh lr we;s w;r

th Á ,xldfõ m%Odk;u ue◊la yd iajr®KdNrK

wmkhk fjf<|fmd< f,i ;j≥rg;a meje;s◊'

fuu fjf<|fmd< wj∞ku wvq ls¯u i|yd

;j≥rg;a fjf<|fmd< úúOdx.SlrKh ls¯ug

ue◊la yd iajr®KdNrK lr®udka;h Ökh

iy bka†hdj jeks ke.S tk wdr®:ßlhka ;=<

m%jr®Okh ls¯ug iy tu lr®udka;h jr®Okh

ls¯ug ue◊la yd iajr®KdNrK wêld˙h úiska

lghq;= lrk ,°' jd◊cuh fyda foaYmd,ksl

fya;= u; úfoaYSh .ekqïlrejka uqo,a fkdf.

ùfï wj∞kug tfrysj Á ,xld wmkhk Kh

rlaIK ixia:dj rlaIKdjrK wLKavj iemhQ

w;r 2012 ° tfia rlaIKh jQ uqΩ wmkhk m%udKh

ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sfhah' 2012 jifr® °

rlaIKh lrk ,o m%Odk fjf<|fmd< tlai;a

wdrdì tór® rdcHh jQ w;r tA yd iïnkaO

rlaIKdjrK úfYaIfhkau f;a wmkhk i|yd

úh' wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav,h wmkhk

úúOdx.SlrKh iy l=re∫" rnr® ksIamd†; iy úoHq;a

Wmdx. jeks by< úNj;djhla iys; lr®udka;j,

tl;= l< w.h jeä ls¯u †˙u;a ls¯u i|yd

l%shdudr®. lsysmhla .kakd ,°' hqfrdamd l,dmh

;=< fjf<| ,l=Kq ,shdm†xÑ ls¯u fukau wfkl=;a

rgj,aj, fjf<| ,l=Kq yd f.da,Sh i,l=Kq

,shdm†xÑ ls¯ug uQ,sl mshjr .ekSu yryd zPure Ceylon CinnamonZ hk fjf<| kduh m%jr®Okh

ls¯ug wmkhk ixjr®Ok uKav,h úiska mshjr

.kakd ,°' zhym;a ksIamdok m˙phkaZ ms<sn|

iy;sl iys; l=re∫ ieliqï uOHia:dk 20 la

ia:dms; lrk ,°' Á ,xldj jd◊c flakaøia:dkhla

njg m;als¯fï m%Odk mshjrla f,i 2012 wxl 12

ork uQ,H mk; iïu; lr.kakd ,°' wka;rd,

fjf<πu" m%;skeõ.; ls¯ï" l,dmSh ksIamdolhskag

b†˙ fiajd ,nd°u" ne∫ïlr iys; .nvd" rgj,a

lsysmhla iïnkaO jQ ksIamdok ls%hdj,Ska tAldnoaO

ls¯u wd†hg wjYH myiqlï iemhSug fr®.= wd«

mk;" úksuh md,k mk; iy wdkhk yd wmkhk

^md,k& mk; hk mk;a ys m%;smdokhkag úIh

fkdjk ksYaÑ; fr®.= l,dm ;=< ldr®hhka ls¯ug

fuu mk; u.ska bv m%ia;d i<iajd we;'

fjf<ò .súiqï yryd wmkhk fjf<òfmd<g

m%fõYùu jr®Okh ls¯fï wruqfKka Y%S ,xldj

wLKavj idlÉPdj, ksr; úh' f,dal fjf<|

ixúOdkfha idud‚lhka f∞ayd jgh kej; 2013 °

idlÉPd ls¯ug ;SrKh l< w;r tys° jeo.;a

wxY jk lDIsldr®ñl iy lDIsldr®ñl fkdjk

fjf<|fmd< m%fõYhka ^NAMA& iy fiajd wxY

iòyd m%fõYhka ,nd.ekSu iïnkaOfhka mj;sk

l%ufõohka ms<snò ;SrK .ekSu 9 jk f,dal

fjf<| ixúOdkfha weu;s iuqΩfjys wruqKq fõ'

flfiajqjo" fuh wjidk ls¯ug we;s ù we;s m%udoh

fya;=fjka ixjr®Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,g

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fukau úfYaIfhkau ixjr®ê; rgj, lDIsldr®ñl

wxYh jeks iqrlaIs; wxYj,g m%fõY ùfuka w;ajk

jdis ,nd.ekSu m%udo fõ' wdishd Ydka;slr fjf<|

.súiqu hgf;a idlÉPd ;j≥rg;a meje;s w;r

bka†hdjg ishhg 40 la jQ by< iSudjg tlÛ ùug

fkdyels ùu ksid m%Odk mdr®Yajlrejka jQ Ökh"

fld˙hdj iy bka†hdj ishhg 40 l ;Sre n≥ ldKav

i|yd ,nd≥ka ishhg 40 l jr”h m%fõYhla

^MOP&" ishhg 28 l ;Sre n≥ ldKav i|yd ishhg

33 l jr”h m%fõYhla f,iska wvqlr ixfYdaOkh

ls¯ug ;SrKh úh' Á ,xldj iy wvq ixjr®ê;

rgj,a fuu ne£ïj,ska ksoyia fõ' 2006 jifr® isg

ol=Kq wdishd ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu l%shd;aul jqjo"

tu .súiqu hgf;a 2012 ° Á ,xldj wmkhkh lr

we;af;a wdikak jYfhka t'c'fvd,r® 229"000 l

jákdlulska hq;a wmkhkhka h' ol=Kq wdishdj

;=< Á ,xldfõ m%Odk fjf<| mdr®Yajlrejka jk

bka†hdj iy mlsia:dkh iuÛ mj;sk oaúmdr®Yaúl

fjf<| .súiqï fuu wvq l%shdld˙;ajhg uQ,sl

jYfhka fya;=fõ' ol=Kq wdishd fiajd ms<sn|

fjf<| .súiqfuys SATIS& ne£ï ms<sn| Wmf,aLkh

fï jk úg iïmQr®K flfrñka mj;S'

ishÆ fjf<| .súiqï w;˙ka jeä jYfhka

m%fhdackhg .kq ,enQfha oaúmdr®Yaúl fjf<|

.súiqïh' Á ,xldfjka bka†hdjg is≥l<

wmkhkj, jákdlu 2011 ° meje;s t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 519 isg 2012 ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 567 la

olajd jr®Okh jQ w;r fndfyduhla whs;u bka≥

Á ,xld .súiqu hgf;a wmkhkh lrk ,°'

Á ,xldj bka†hdjg jeäfhkau wmkhkh l<

NdKav jkafka m%jdyk WmlrK" i;a;aj wdydr

iy hkaf;%damlrK yd hdka;%sl Wmdx.h' Lksc

f;,a" m%jdyk WmlrK" fr†ms<s yd f.dvke.s,s

øjH bka†hdfjka lrk ,o m%Odk wdkhk úh' Á

,xldfjka bka†hdjg wmkhkh l< fndfyduhla

NdKav iòyd bka≥-Á ,xld .súiqu hgf;a ;Sre n≥

rys; myiqlï ,nd.;a w;r bka†hdfjka wdkhkh

l< NdKav fndfyduhla .súiqfuka neyerj is≥

l< wdkhkhka úh' bka†hdfjka wdkhkh l<

fndfyduhla NdKav .súiqu hgf;a fkdmeje;sh

o ñ, ;rÛld˙;ajh fya;=fjka tajdg Á ,xldfõ

° by< b,aÆula mej;=◊' mdlsia:dkq-Á ,xld

ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu hgf;a fjf<πu jr®Okh

jqjo" 2012 jifr® ° mlsia:dkhg l< uqΩ wmkhk

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 83 la úh' 2012 ° mlsia:dkfhka

l< wdkhk t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 353 la úh'

mlsia:dkhg wmkhkh l< m%Odk NdKav w;r

iajdNdúl rnr®" fldmamrd" f;a iy nq,;a úh'

5'3 NdKav fjf<|du" fjf<| fYaIh" fjf<| ñ, wkqmd;h iy fjf<| ÈYdj

wmkhk l%shdldß;ajh

fjf<| NdKavj, ñ, .Kka my; jeàu iy

m%Odk fjf<|fmd<j,aj, meje;s whym;a wdr®:ßl

l%shdldrlï fya;=fjka jQ f.da,Sh b,aÆu my;

jeàu ms<sìUq lrñka 2012 jifr® wmkhk wdodhu

my; jegq◊' 2011 jifr® ° wmkhk wdodhu

Yla;su;aj jr®Okh jqjo" 2012 jifr® ° ldr®ñl yd

lDIsldr®ñl wmkhkhkaf.a my; jeàula fmkakqï

lrñka fmr jifr® wkqrEm ld,h iuÛ iei£fï

° wmkhk wd∞hu t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 9"774 olajd

ishhg 7'4 lska my; jegq◊'

f,dal fjf<|fmdf<ys NdKav ñ, .Kka

my; jeàu iy f.da,Sh b,aÆu wvqùu fya;=fjka

2012 jifr® ° ldr®ñl wmkhk wd∞hu fmr jifr®

wkqrEm ld,m˙Éf√ohg idfmaÈj t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 7"371 la olajd ishhg 7'8 lska my; jegq◊'

2012 jifr® uqΩ wmkhkhkaf.ka ishhg 40 lg

muK ∞hl;ajh ,nd≥ka fr†ms<s yd weÛΩï

wmkhk ishhg 5 lska muK my; jeàu" wmkhk

wd∞hu my; jeàug ie,lsh hq;= f,i fya;= úh'

cd;Hka;r fjf<|fmdf<a lmq ñ, .Kka 2011 jifr®

udr®;= udifha ° meje;s by<;u w.hkays isg ;shqKq

f,i my; jeàfï m%;sM,hla f,i weÛΩïj,

idudkH tall ñ, my; jegqKq w;r" f.da,Sh

wdr®:ßl l%shdldrlïys olakg ,enqKq miqnEu iy ta

wkqj f.da,Sh b,aÆu my; jeàu" weÛΩï wmkhk

NdKav wkqj wmkhk - 20125'3 rEmigyk

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m˙udj my; jeàug fya;= úh' hqfrdamd ix.uh ;=<

we`.Ωï wmkhkh iòyd úYd,;u fjf<|fmd<j,a

jk tlai;a rdcOdksh" b;d,sh" cr®uksh iy

fn,a‚hu-,laiïnr®.a fj; l< wmkhk my;

jeàu fya;=fjka miq.sh jir myl ld,h mqrd uqΩ

weÛΩï wmkhk wd∞hu i|yd ishhg 50 l muK

∞hl;ajhla ,nd ≥ka hqfrdamd ix.uh fj; l<

weÛΩï wmkhkj,ska ,o wd∞hu 2012 jifr® °

ishhg 9'2 lska my; jegq◊' flfiajqjo" 2012 jir

;=<° m%xYh we;=Ωj hqfrdamd ix.uhg wh;a rgj,a

lsysmhlg is≥l< weÛΩï wmkhkj,ska ,enQ

wd∞hfï jr®Okhla jdr®;d ù we;' miq.sh jir

myl ld,h mqrd weÛΩï wmkhk i|yd ishhg

40 l muK ∞hl;ajhla ,nd ≥ka fojk úYd,;u

weÛΩï wmkhk fjf<|fmd< jk wefu˙ld tlai;a

ckmohg l< weÛΩï wmkhk 2012 jifr® ° ishhg

4 lska my; jegq◊'

2012 jifr® ° wfkl=;a ldr®ñl wmkhkj,

ñY% l%shdld˙;ajhla jdr®;d lrk ,°' 2012 jifr®

° úfoaY wxYfha l%shdld˙;ajhg Wmld¯ fjñka

ue◊la" †huka;s yd iajr®KdNrK iy i;a;aj

wdydr wmkhk wd∞hu jr®Okh úh' †huka;s

yd iajr®KdNrK hk foflysu wmkhk m˙udj

jeäùu ksid 2012 jifr® ° ue◊la" †huka;s yd

iajr®KdNrK wmkhk wd∞hu t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk

559 la olajd ishhg 5'2 lska jr®Okh úh' Lksc

f;,a ksIamd†; wmkhk wd∞hu t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 463 la olajd ishhg 16'2 lska my; jegqKq

w;r f.da,Sh wdr®:ßl lghq;= ukao.dó ùu ;=<ska

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hka;%iQ;% yd hdka;%sl WmlrK

uqøK lr®udka;h wdY%s; ksIamd†;

m%jdyk WmlrK

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msÛka ksIamd†;

wfkl=;a ldr®ñl wmkhk

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jr®. fkdl< wmkhk

uqΩ wmkhk ^wd& ^we&

jdr®Isl idudkH úksuh wkqmd;h ^wE&

uQ,hka( ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj yd fjk;a Lksc f;,a

ksIamd†; wmkhklrejka

cd;sl ue◊la yd iajr®KdNrK wêld˙h

YS% ,xld fr®.=j

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

^w& ;djld,sl

^wd& .,mk ,o

^we& m%;s wmkhk we;=<;a fkdfõ

^wE& úksuh wkqmd;h ( t'c' fvd,rhg remsh,a

jákdlu

t'c' fvd,r®

ñ,shk

jákdlfï

fjki

t'c' fvd,r®

ñ,shk

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ñ,shk

2012 ^w&2011

2,527.8 23.9 2,331.5 23.9 -196.3 -7.8 25.0 1,490.9 14.1 1,411.9 14.4 -79.0 -5.3 10.1 206.4 2.0 125.1 1.3 -81.3 -39.4 10.3 266.0 2.5 208.9 2.1 -57.1 -21.5 7.3 235.2 2.2 256.1 2.6 20.8 8.9 -2.7 16.9 0.2 13.3 0.1 -3.6 -21.2 0.5 38.4 0.4 42.2 0.4 3.8 9.8 -0.5 88.7 0.8 76.0 0.8 -12.7 -14.3 1.6 185.3 1.8 198.0 2.0 12.7 6.9 -1.6 7,991.7 75.7 7,371.2 75.4 -620.5 -7.8 79.0 4,191.2 39.7 3,991.1 40.8 -200.1 -4.8 25.5 884.8 8.4 859.4 8.8 -25.4 -2.9 3.2 552.7 5.2 463.0 4.7 -89.7 -16.2 11.4 531.5 5.0 558.9 5.7 27.4 5.2 -3.5 348.2 3.3 284.3 2.9 -63.9 -18.3 8.1 312.2 3.0 297.5 3.0 -14.7 -4.7 1.9 235.1 2.2 41.8 0.4 -193.3 -82.2 24.6 225.0 2.1 164.9 1.7 -60.1 -26.7 7.7 65.1 0.6 55.4 0.6 -9.7 -14.9 1.2 38.3 0.4 35.8 0.4 -2.5 -6.6 0.3 607.5 5.8 619.2 6.3 11.7 1.9 -1.5 32.9 0.3 61.3 0.6 28.4 86.4 -3.6 6.5 0.1 9.6 0.1 3.1 48.1 -0.4 10,558.8 100.0 9,773.5 100.0 -785.3 -7.4 100.0 110.57 127.60

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;r`.ld˙;ajh by<hdu fya;=fjka keõj,g

bkaOk fiajdjka iemhSu my; jeàu fï i|yd

fya;= úh' rnr® ñ, .Kka wvqùu iy f.da,Sh

md˙fNda.sl b,aÆu wvqùu ms<sìUq lrñka ghr®" Y,H

w;ajeiqï yd wfkl=;a w;ajeiqï jeks rnr® ksIamd†;

wmkhk wd∞hu t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 859 la

olajd ishhg 2'9 lska wvq úh' 2012 jifr® ° keõ"

fndaÜgq iy mdfjk wdlD;Ska fukau wfkl=;a

m%jdyk WmlrK wmkhkh wvqùu fya;=fjka

m%jdyk WmlrK Wm ldKavfha wmkhk wd∞hu

o t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 165 olajd ishhg 26'7 lska

my; jegq◊' fï w;r" ldr®ñl wmkhkhkag wh;a

wdydr" mdk yd ≥ïfld< WmldKavfha wmkhk

wd∞hu t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 284 la olajd ishhg

18'3 lska wvq úh'

m%Odk lDIsldr®ñl øjH wmkhk wd∞hu

my<hdu fya;=fjka" 2012 ° lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk

wd∞hu my; jegq◊' 2012 jifr® f;a wmkhk

m˙udj lsf,da.%Eï ñ,shk 320 la olajd ishhg 0'9 lska

wvqùu iy wmkhkh lrk ,o f;aj, idudkH ñ,

wvqùu fya;=fjka uqΩ wmkhkj,ska ishhg 15 la

muK jQ f;a wmkhk wd∞hu t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk

1"412 la olajd ishhg 5'3 lska my; jegq◊' Á ,xldj"

flkahdj iy bka†hdj hk f;a ksIamdokh lrkq

,nk m%Odk rgj, meje;s whym;a ld,.=Ksl

;;a;ajh fya;=fjka ksIamdokh wvqùu ksid 2012

uehs udifha muK isg f,dal fjf<|fmdf<a f;a

ñ, .Kka by< uÜgul meje;sh o" wmkhkh

lrk ,o f;a lsf,da.%Euhl idudkH ñ, 2011

jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ t'c'fvd,r® 4'62 isg 2012 °

t'c'fvd,r® 4'41 olajd iqΩ jYfhka my; jegq◊' fï

i|yd ueofmr†. m%Odk f;a fjf<|fmd<j, meje;s

foaYmd,k wia:djr;ajh ;=<ska b,aÆu flfrys we;s

jQ n,mEu fya;= úh' 2011 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® 4'84 laj

meje;s rnr® lsf,da.%Euhl idudkH wmkhk ñ,

2012 ° t'c'fvd,r® 3'35 la olajd ie,lsh hq;= f,i

my< .sh w;r" wmkhk m˙udj o ishhg 12'3 lska

wvqùu;a iuÛ rnr® wmkhkfhka ,enQ wd∞hu

2011 ° jdr®;d jQ t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 206 isg 2012

° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 125 la olajd my; jegq◊'

m%Odk jYfhka lmdmq fmd,a wd° fmd,a uo ksIamd†;

wmkhkh wvqùu fya;=fjka fmd,a wmkhkfhka

,enQ wd∞hu 2012 ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 209 la

olajd ishhg 21'5 lska my; jegq◊' flfiajqjo"

fmd,a fl¢" fmd,a lgq iy brgq jeks fmd,a uo

fkdjk ksIamd†; wmkhk wd∞hu by<hdu

fya;=fjka fmd,a wmkhk wd∞hfï wvqùu hï

;rulska iukh úh'

l=Ωnvq" ilia fkdl< ≥ïfld< iy uqyq≥ wdydr

wmkhk wd∞hu 2012 jifr® ° o wLKavj jr®Okh jQ

w;r iqΩ lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk wd∞hu my; jegq◊'

l=re∫ iy .ïñ˙iaj,ska ,enQ wd∞hu by<hdu

fya;=fjka 2012 jifr® ° l=Ωnvq wmkhk wd∞hu

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 256 la olajd ishhg 8'9 lska

by< .sfhah' 2012 jir ;=< ° l=re∫ wmkhk wd∞hu

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 136 la olajd ishhg 5'2 lska

by< .sfhah' .ïñ˙ia ksIamdokh by<hdu ksid

2012 jifr® ° .ïñ˙ia wmkhk wd∞hu t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 70 la olajd ishhg 118'4 lska by< .sfhah'

wÆ;a udΩ" ilia l< udΩ" YS; l< udΩ fukau

uDoajx.Skaf.ka ,enQ wd∞hu by< hdu;a iuÛ

jir ;=< ° uqyq≥ wdydr wmkhkfhka ,enQ

wd∞hu t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 198 la olajd ishhg

6'9 lska by< .sfhah' fï w;r" jir ;=< ° ilia

fkdl< ≥ïfld< wmkhk wd∞hu t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 42 la olajd ishhg 9'8 lska by< .sfhah'

flfiajqjo" m<;=re" OdkH jr®. yd fldfldajd

wd†h we;=<;a iqΩ lDIsldr®ñl ksIamd†; wmkhk

wd∞hu 2012 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 76 la

olajd ishhg 14'3 lska wvq jQ w;r fï i|yd m%Odk

jYfhka fya;= jQfha fuu NdKav fndfyduhl ñ,

.Kka ie,lsh hq;= uÜgulska wvqùuhs'

wdkhk l%shdldß;ajh

w;HjYH fkdjk NdKav wdkhkh

wffOr®hu;a ls¯u iy tu.ska fjf<| fYaIh

mqΩ,a ùu iSud ls¯u i|yd .kq ,enQ m%;sm;a;suh

l%shdudr®.hkag m%;spdrhla jYfhka 2012 wfm%a,a

udifha muK isg wdkhk úhou wLKavj my;

jegq◊' m%;sm;a;suh l%shdur®.hkays idr®:l;ajh

NdKav wkqj wdkhk - 20125'4 rEmigyk

fjk;a

1]

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6]

fjk;a

13]

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ksIamd†;

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ma,diaála 2]

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fr†ms<s yd

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12]

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60]md˙fNda.sl

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16]

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ms<sìUq lrñka 2012 jifr® uqΩ wdkhk úhou

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 19"183 la olajd ishhg 5'4 lska

wvq jQ w;r bkaOk yer wfkl=;a wdkhk úhou

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 14"146 la olajd ishhg 8'6 lska

wvq úh'

2012 jifr® ° m%Odk jYfhka r;%ka wdkhk

úhou wvqùfï m%;sM,hla f,i wka;r® NdKav

wdkhk úhou wvq úh' 2011 jifr® r;%ka wdkhkfha

jdr®;d jQ ;shqKq by< hdug idfmaÈj" 2012 jifr®

r;%ka wdkhk úhou t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 170 la

olajd ishhg 71'8 lska wvq úh' fïo yd f;,a we;=Ω

wdydr ieliqï" fmdfydr" ;s˙Û= yd b˙Û=" lv∞is"

lv∞is mqjre yd ta iïnkaO NdKav" rnr® yd rnr®

ksIamd†; iy fr†ms<s yd fr†ms<s Wmdx. hkd†h

2012 jifr® wdkhk úhou my; jeàug ie,lsh

hq;= ∞hl;ajhla ,nd ≥ka wka;r® NdKav hgf;a

jr®.SlrKh lrk ,o wfkl=;a NdKavhka fõ'

rnr® iy lmq we;=Ω lDIsldr®ñl NdKavhkays ñ,

.Kka my; jeàu o wdkhk úhou my; jeàu

i|yd ∞hl úh' 2012 jifr® ° bkaOk wdkhk

úhou t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 5"037 la olajd ishhg

5 lska muK jr®Okh jQ w;r 2012 jifr® f,dal

fjf<|fmdf<a f;,a ñ, idudkH jYfhka by<

uÜgul meje;Su iy ;dm ú≥,sn, W;amdokh

md˙fNda.sl NdKav

wdydr yd mdk jr®.

iy,a

iSks iy rileú,s

ls ksIamd†;

m˙mamq

fjk;a

wfkl=;a md˙fNda.sl NdKav

r:jdyk

fnfy;a yd T!Iëh ksIamd†;

.Dy WmlrK

fr†ms<s iy Wmdx.

fjk;a

wka;r® NdKav

bkaOk

fr†ms<s

†huka;s iy w.kd f,day

ridhksl ksIamd†;

;s Û= iy b˙Û=

fmdfydr

wfkl=;a wka;r® NdKav

wdfhdack NdKav

f.dvke.s,s øjH

m%jdyk WmlrK

hka;%iQ;% iy WmlrK

wfkl=;a wdfhdack NdKav

jr®. fkdl< wdkhk

uqΩ wdkhk ^wd& ^we&

jdr®Isl idudkH úksuh wkqmd;h ^wE&

ldKavh

^w& ;djld,sl

^wd& .,mk ,o

^we& m%;s wdkhk we;=<;a fkdfõ

^wE& úksuh wkqmd;h ( t'c' fvd,rhg remsh,a

uQ,hka ( ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj

,xld whs'´'iS' iud.u

iSudiys; mS%ud ,xld iud.u

iSudiys; firkaäí µa,dr® ñ,aia mqoa.,sl iud.u

YS% ,xld fr®.=j

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

2011 2012 ^w& jákdlfï

fjki

t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk

jr®Ok

fõ.h

]

jr®Okhg jQ

∞hl;ajh

]

jákdlu

t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk

∞hl;ajh

]

jákdlu

t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk

∞hl;ajh

]

3,653.6 18.0 2,995.2 15.6 -658.4 -18.0 60.6 1,566.9 7.7 1,304.4 6.8 -262.5 -16.8 24.2 18.4 0.1 24.4 0.1 6.0 32.7 -0.6 427.6 2.1 346.7 1.8 -81.0 -18.9 7.5 345.2 1.7 307.3 1.6 -37.8 -11.0 3.5 116.9 0.6 69.0 0.4 -47.9 -41.0 4.4 658.8 3.3 557.0 2.9 -101.8 -15.4 9.4 2,086.7 10.3 1,690.8 8.8 -396.0 -19.0 36.5 881.0 4.3 495.1 2.6 -385.9 -43.8 35.5 348.2 1.7 372.2 1.9 24.0 6.9 -2.2 227.9 1.1 218.5 1.1 -9.4 -4.1 0.9 141.8 0.7 174.5 0.9 32.8 23.1 -3.0 487.9 2.4 430.5 2.2 -57.4 -11.8 5.3 12,275.3 60.6 11,569.9 60.3 -705.3 -5.7 64.9 4,794.9 23.7 5,037.0 26.3 242.1 5.0 -22.3 2,320.7 11.4 2,266.4 11.8 -54.3 -2.3 5.0 1,075.7 5.3 587.7 3.1 -488.0 -45.4 44.9 702.0 3.5 669.7 3.5 -32.3 -4.6 3.0 429.4 2.1 363.8 1.9 -65.6 -15.3 6.0 407.2 2.0 311.0 1.6 -96.2 -23.6 8.9 2,545.3 12.6 2,334.4 12.2 -210.9 -8.3 19.4 4,286.1 21.1 4,589.8 23.9 303.7 7.1 -28.0 1,076.1 5.3 1,237.4 6.5 161.3 15.0 -14.8 1,064.6 5.3 991.9 5.2 -72.7 -6.8 6.7 2,141.4 10.6 2,356.0 12.3 214.6 10.0 -19.8 4.0 0.0 4.5 0.0 0.5 12.3 0.0 53.9 0.3 27.7 0.1 -26.2 -48.6 2.4 20,268.8 100.0 19,182.6 100.0 -1,086.2 -5.4 100.0 110.57 127.60

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by<hdu fya;=fjka ta i|yd wjYH ãi,a iy

±ú f;,a wdkhkh by<hdu fï i|yd fya;=

úh' flfiajqjo" fmdfydr wdkhk úhou ishhg

23'6 lska wvq jQ w;r 2012 jifr® fojk Nd.fha °

meje;s kshÛh fya;=fjka fmdfydr Ndú;h wvqùu

fï i|yd fya;= úh'

2012 jifr® °" md˙fNda.sl NdKav wdkhk

ms<sn| ie,lSfï ° wdydr yd mdk jr®. fukau

wdydruh fkdjk md˙fNda.sl NdKav wdkhk

úhou o ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvq úh' jdyk

wdkhkh i|yd by< wdkhk ;Sre n≥ mekùu

iy remshf,a w.h wjm%udKh ùfï m%;sM,hla

uQ,hka( ,xld Lksc f;,a kS;s.; ixia:dj

,xld whs' ´' iS' iud.u

iSudiys; mS%ud ,xld iud.u

iSudiys; fifrkaäí µa,dr® ñ,aia

mqoa.,sl iud.u

YS% ,xld fr®.=j

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

^w& ;djld,sl

^wd& .,mk ,o

^we& .,a w.=re we;=,;a fkdfõ'

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YSr®Ih 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 ^w&

fuá%la fgdka oyia

5'4 ixLHd igyk

m%Odk wdkhkhkays mßudjka

wmkhk wdkhk fjf<| fYaIh

wmkhk" wdkhk iy fjf<| fYaIh5'5 rEmigyk

-15-12

-9-6-30369

1215182124

2010 2011 201220092008

-15-12

-9-6-30369

1215182124

2010 2011 201220092008

t'c

'fvd,

r® ì

,shk

f,i fudagr® r: wdkhk úhou 2011 jifr®

jdr®;d jQ ;shqKq jr®Okhg m%;súreoaOj 2012

jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 495 la olajd ishhg

43'8 lska wvq úh' 2012 jifr® wdkhk úhou wvqùug

fuh iqúfYaIS ∞hl;ajhla iemhSh' t<jΩ iy iSks

yd ri leú,s" wdkhk úhou my< fy<Sug ∞hl jQ

wfkl=;a md˙fNda.sl NdKavhka fõ' 2011 jifr® °

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 312 la jQ t<jΩ wdkhk úhou

2012 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 206 la olajd my;

jegqKq w;r 2011 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 428 la

jQ iSks yd ri leú,s wdkhk úhou 2012 jifr® °

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 347 la olajd my; jegq◊'

iSks" m˙mamq" iq≥ ΩEkq" uqx weg" udΩ" mdï f;,a"

iQ˙hldka; f;,a iy fmd,a f;,a we;=Ω wdydruh

NdKav lsysmhla u; úfYaI fjf<| NdKav noao

mkjkq ,enQ w;r foaYSh lDIslr®udka;h iy

u;aiH lr®udka;h m%jr®Okh ls¯u iy ta yryd

fuu wdkhkhka wffOr®hu;a ls¯u fuys wruqK

úh' fï w;r 2012 jifr® ls˙ ksIamd†; wdkhkh

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 307 la olajd ishhg 11 lska

muK wvq jQ w;r tA iòyd fya;= jQ idOlhka w;r

foaYSh ls˙ ksIamdokh ffOr®hu;a ls¯fï wruq◊ka

ls˙ msá wdkhkh i|yd mkjd ;snQ wdkhk noao

by< ±óu fya;= úh'

±kg is≥ flfrñka mj;sk há;, myiqlï

ixjr®Ok lghq;= fya;=fjka 2012 jifr® wdfhdack

NdKav wdkhk úhou by< .sfhah' 2012 jifr® °

wdfhdack NdKav wdkhkh t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 4"590 la

olajd ishhg 7'1 lska jr®Okh jQ w;r fï i|yd

f.dvke.s,s øjH iy hka;%iQ;% yd WmlrK wdkhk

úhou by<hdu fya;= úh' bx‚fkare WmlrK"

úoHq;a WmlrK" ú≥,s ixfoaY WmlrK" ldr®hd,hSh

hka;%iQ;%" ffjoH yd úoHd.dr WmlrK iy ldr®ñl

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NdKav hgf;a jr®. lr we;s u.Ska yd NdKav

m%jdykh i|yd fhd∞ .kakd jdyk" nr jdyk

iy l=vd m%udKfha keõ iy fndaÜgq wd° m%jdyk

WmlrK wdkhkh 2012 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 992 la olajd ishhg 6'8 lska my< .sfhah'

fjf<| fYaIh

2012 jifr® uq,a ld,fha ° ls%hd;aul lrk ,o

m%;sm;a;s ls%hdudr®.j,g m%;spdr olajñka wfmalaId

l< m˙† fjf<ò ys`.h wvq úh' wmkhk wd∞hu

wmkhk

lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk

f;a

rnr®

fmd,a

wfkl=;a lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk

ldr®ñl wmkhk

fr†ms<s yd weÛΩï


wfkl=;a ldr®ñl wmkhk

Lksc øjH wmkhk

uqΩ wmkhk

wdkhk

md˙fNda.sl NdKav

wdydr yd mdk jr®.

wfkl=;a md˙fNda.sl NdKav

wka;r® NdKav

fmdfydr


ridhksl øjH

;s Û= iy b˙Û=

fr†ms<s

ma,diaála

†huka;s iy w.kd f,day

wdfhdack NdKav

f.dvke.s,s øjH

m%jdyk WmlrK

hka;%iQ;% iy WmlrK

wfkl=;a wdfhdack NdKav

uqΩ wdkhk

fjf<| wkqmd;h

jr®Okh ] jr®Okh ] jr®Okh ]

m˙ud or®Ylh tall jákdlï or®Ylh

2011 2012 ^wd& 2012 ^wd&

YSr®Ih jákdlï or®Ylh

109.7 101.1 -7.8 97.5 92.0 -5.6 112.5 109.9 -2.3 103.5 98.1 -5.3 98.2 93.5 -4.8 105.4 104.9 -0.5 119.2 72.2 -39.4 83.1 69.6 -16.3 143.5 103.9 -27.6 160.6 126.1 -21.5 116.3 110.0 -5.4 138.1 114.6 -17.0 124.2 106.4 -14.3 144.2 132.9 -7.8 86.1 80.0 -7.1 131.2 121.0 -7.8 118.2 119.9 1.4 111.0 100.9 -9.1 125.0 119.0 -4.8 113.5 109.8 -3.3 110.1 108.4 -1.6 210.0 175.9 -16.2 134.8 115.3 -14.5 155.8 152.6 -2.1 159.0 154.4 -2.9 117.0 112.6 -3.8 135.9 137.1 0.9 135.7 252.9 86.4 110.0 106.7 -3.0 123.3 237.0 92.2 122.5 113.4 -7.4 110.2 109.7 -0.4 111.2 103.3 -7.1 147.7 121.0 -18.0 125.6 111.9 -11.0 117.6 108.2 -7.9 118.4 98.6 -16.8 108.5 100.1 -7.7 109.1 98.5 -9.8 181.2 146.8 -19.0 145.2 125.3 -13.7 124.8 117.2 -6.1 152.5 143.8 -5.7 123.3 118.2 -4.1 123.7 121.6 -1.7 169.5 129.5 -23.6 122.9 97.0 -21.1 137.9 133.5 -3.2 157.7 165.6 5.0 121.1 120.5 -0.5 130.2 137.4 5.6 135.0 128.8 -4.6 115.8 116.9 1.0 116.6 110.2 -5.5 161.8 137.1 -15.3 117.9 102.0 -13.5 137.2 134.4 -2.1 128.3 125.3 -2.3 111.7 114.3 2.3 114.8 109.6 -4.5 123.7 114.7 -7.3 110.8 116.9 5.5 111.7 98.1 -12.1 284.9 155.7 -45.4 200.4 134.4 -32.9 142.2 115.8 -18.5 155.6 166.6 7.1 128.3 156.1 21.7 121.2 106.7 -12.0 131.0 150.6 15.0 121.2 137.6 13.5 108.0 109.5 1.3 179.7 167.4 -6.8 144.4 147.6 2.2 124.4 113.4 -8.8 160.1 176.2 10.0 125.6 171.4 36.5 127.5 102.8 -19.4 120.6 135.4 12.3 118.9 131.0 10.2 101.4 103.3 1.8 151.2 143.1 -5.4 123.6 124.2 0.5 122.3 115.2 -5.8 90.9 89.7 -1.3

uQ,hka( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j^w& t'c'fvd,r® jákdlu wkqj

^wd& ;djld,sl

^we& ixfYdaê;

5'5 ixLHd igyk

fjf<| o¾Yl ^w&

2012 ^wd& 2011 ^we& 2011 ^we&

2010 100

lghq;= i|yd Ndú;d lrk hka;%iQ;%j,ska iukaú;

hka;%iQ;% yd WmlrK wdkhk úhou 2012 jifr®

° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"356 olajd ishhg 10 lska

jr®Okh úh' m%Odk jYfhka isfuka;s" hlv yd

jdfka" weΩñkshï Wmdx. iy Lksc ksIamd†;j,ska

iukaú; jQ f.dvke.s,s øjH wdkhk úhou 2012

jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"237 la olajd ishhg

15 lska jr®Okh jQ w;r fï iòyd m%Odk jYfhka

rch úiska is≥lrkq ,enQ há;, myiqlï ixjr®Ok

jHdmD;s iy fm!oa.,sl wxYh úiska is≥lrkq ,nk

b†ls¯ï lghq;= o fya;= úh' flfiajqjo" wdfhdack

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wvqùu wNsnjd wdkhk úhou wvqùu fya;=fjka

2012 jifr® ° fjf<| fYaIfha ysÛh t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 9"409 olajd ishhg 3'1 lska wvq úh' o<

foaYSh ksIamd†;fha m%;sY;hla f,i ie<l+ úg

2011 jifr® ° ishhg 16'4 laj meje;s fjf<|

fYaIfha ysÛh 2012 jifr® ° ishhg 15'8 olajd my<

.sfhah'

fjf<| ñ, wkqmd;h

2011 jifr® ° 90'9 laj meje;s fjf<| ñ,

wkqmd;h 2012 jifr® ° 89'7 olajd iqΩ jYfhka

my; jegq◊' lDIsldr®ñl ksIamd†; iy ldr®ñl

ksIamd†; hk ldKav foflysu wmkhk ñ, .Kka

my<hdu ms<sìUq lrñka 2012 jifr® ° Á ,xldfõ

wmkhk ñ, or®Ylh isshhg 7'1 lska my< .sfhah'

f;a" rnr®" fmd,a fukau t<jΩ we;=Ω lDIsldr®ñl

ksIamd†; lsysmhlu wmkhk ñ, .Kka wvqùu;a

iuÛ 2012 ° lDIsldr®ñl wmkhk ñ, or®Ylh

ishhg 2'3 lska my; jegq◊' f;a wmkhk ñ,

or®Ylh ishhg 0'5 lska iqΩ jYfhka my;

jegqqKq w;r rnr® iy fmd,a wmkhk ñ, or®Yl

ms<sfj,ska ishhg 27'6 lska iy ishhg 17 lska

ie,lsh hq;= f,i my; jegq◊' 2012 jifr® °

ldr®ñl ksIamd†; wmkhk ñ, or®Ylh o ishhg

9'1 lska my< .sh w;r" fr†ms<s yd weÛΩï wmkhk

ñ, or®Ylh ishhg 1'6 lska my; jeàu fï i|yd

m%Odk jYfhka fya;= úh' ldr®ñl wmkhk hgf;a

jr®.SlrKh lr we;s m%jdyk WmlrK iy hka;%iQ;%

yd hdka;%sl WmlrK jeks we;eï ldKavhkays

wmkhk ñ, or®Yl o 2012 jir ;=< ° my;

jegq◊' flfiajqjo" jir ;=<° ue◊la" †huka;s yd

iajr®KdNrK iy wdydr" mdk yd ≥ïfld< wmkhk

ñ, or®Yl by< hk ,°'

2012 ° ishÆu m%Odk wdkhk ldKavhkays

ñ, my<hdu ms<sìUq lrñka wdkhk ñ, or®Ylh

ishhg 5'8 lska my; jegq◊' wdydr fukau wfkl=;a

md˙fNda.sl NdKavj, Wm m%Odk ldKavhkays

wdkhk ñ, or®Ylh my; jeàu iuÛ md˙fNda.sl

NdKav wdkhk ñ, or®Ylh ishhg 7'9 lska my;

jegq◊' 2012 jifr® ° Lksc f;,a ñ, .Kka by<

.sho" jir ;=< fr†ms<s" fmdfydr" ;s˙Û= yd b˙Û=

we;=Ω wka;r® NdKav fnfyduhl ñ, .Kka

my<hdu fya;=fjka wka;r® NdKav wdkhk ñ,

or®Ylh ishhg 1'7 lska my; jegq◊' 2012 jifr®

° f.dvke.s,s øjH i|yd jQ wdkhk ñ, or®Ylh

by< .sho hka;%iQ;% yd WmlrK fukau m%jdyk

WmlrK iòyd jQ ñ, .Kka my<hdu ksid

wdfhdack NdKav wdkhk ñ, or®Ylh ishhg 12 lska

my; jegq◊'

fjf<| osYdj

2012 jifr® ° Á ,xldfõ m%Odk fjf<|

yjq,alre jYfhka ;j≥rg;a bka†hdj meje;s w;r"

Ökh yd wefu˙ld tlai;a ckmoh fojk yd

f;jk yjq,alrejka úh' isx.mamQrej" tlai;a wrdì

tór® rdcHh iy tlai;a rdcOdksh t'c'fvd,r®

ì,shkh blaujd Á ,xldj iuÛ fjf<| lghq;=

is≥l< wfkl=;a rgj,a fõ' wefu˙ld tlai;a

ckmoh m%Odk;u wmkhk .ukdka;h jQ w;r

tlai;a rdcOdksh iy bka†hdj fojk yd f;jk

úYd,;u wmkhk .ukdka;hka úh' 2012 jifr®

° bka†hdj ;j≥rg;a m%Odk;u wdkhk m%Njh

jQ w;r Ökh iy isx.mamQrej fojk yd f;jk

úYd,;u wdkhk m%Njhka úh'

2012 jifr® m%Odk;u wmkhk .ukdka;h jQ

wefursld tlai;a ckmoh uqΩ wmkhkhkaf.ka

ishhg 22 lg muK o weÛΩï wmkhkhkaf.ka

ishhg 40 lg muK o ∞hl;ajh ±laùh' fojk

m%Odk;u wmkhk .ukdka;h jk tlai;a

rdcOdksh fj; l< wmkhkhka Á ,xldfõ

uqΩ wmkhkhkaf.ka ishhg 10 blau jQ w;r Á

,xldfõ ksIamdokh lrk weÛΩïj,ska ishhg

20 lg jvd jeä m%udKhla tlai;a rdcOdkshg

wmkhkh lrkq ,eîh' fï w;r" fn,a‚hu-

,laiïnr®.a" b;d,sh iy cr®ukshg lrk ,o

wmkhkhka Á ,xldfõ uqΩ wmkhkhkaf.ka

ishhg 15 la muK úh' fn,a‚hu yd

,laiïnr®.aj,g lrk ,o wmkhkj,ska ie,lsh

hq;= m%udKhla ue◊la" †huka;s yd iajKdNrK

úh' b;d,shg iy cr®ukshg m%Odk jYfhka

fjf<| ñ, wkqmd;h iy fjf<| o¾Yl5'6 rEmigyk

wmkhk m˙udj wdkhk m˙udj

fjf<| ñ, wkqmd;h

or®Yl

wxl

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100&

wmkhk-tall ñ, wdkhk-tall ñ,

2008 2009 2010 2011 201260

80

100

120

140

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weÛΩï wmkhkh lrk ,°' ldr®ñl ksIamdok

wmkhk †˙.kajñka bka†hdjg wmkhkh lrkq

,nk NdKavhkaf.a úúOdx.SlrKhla we;s ls¯ug

bka≥-Á ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu fya;= úh'

2012 jifr® ° Á ,xldfõ uqΩ wmkhkhkaf.ka

ishhg 5'8 la bka†hdjg wmkhkh ls¯fuka th

f;jk m%Odk;u wmkhk .ukdka;h njg m;aù

we;' m%jdyk WmlrK" i;a;aj wdydr" hka;%iQ;% yd

hdka;%sl WmlrK iy l=Ωnvq wd†h bka†hdjg l<

m%Odk;u wmkhkhka fõ'

2012 jifr® ° bka†hdj Á ,xldfõ m%Odk;u

wdkhk m%Njh jQ w;r th uqΩ wdkhkj,ska

ishhg 19 la iòyd ∞hl;ajh ,nd ° we;' 2012 jir ;=<

° Lksc f;,a yereKq úg bka†hdfjka is≥ l< wdkhk

m%udKh uqΩ wdkhkhkaf.ka ishhg 15'6 la fõ'

bka†hdfjka wdkhkh lrkq ,nk NdKav

w;=rska Lksc f;,a m%uqLia:dkhla .kakd w;r"

m%jdyk WmlrK" fr†ms<s yd fr†ms<s Wmdx.

iy f.dvke.s,s øjH bka†hdfjka wdkhkh

lrkq ,nk wfkl=;a m%Odk NdKav fõ' fuu

NdKav w;˙ka nyq;rhlg bka≥-Á ,xld ksoyia

fjf<| .súiqu hgf;a ;Sre n≥ rys; myiqlï

fkdue;s jqj;a ñ, ;rÛld˙;ajh ;=<ska ie,lsh

hq;= f,i fjf<|fmd< /l.ekSug bka†hdj

iu;a ù we;' 2012 jifr® ° uqΩ wdkhkhkaf.a

wvqùula meje;sho" 2012 jifr® fojk m%Odk;u

wdkhk m%Njh jQ Ökfhka lrk ,o wdkhkhka

miq.sh jirg idfmalaIj jr®Okh jQ w;r" th uqΩ

wdkhkhkaf.ka ishhg 14 lg muK ∞hl;ajh

,nd° we;' hka;%iQ;% yd WmlrK" fr†ms<s yd

fr†ms<s Wmdx. fukau f.dvke.s,s øjH 2012 jifr®

° Ökfhka wdkhkh lrk ,o NdKav i|yd jQ

úhou jeä ùug fya;= úh' ta w;ru" isx.mamQrej

2012 jifr® f;jk m%Odk;u wdkhk m%Njh

jQ w;r th uqΩ wdkhkj,ska ishhg 9 la úh'

isx.mamQrefjka lrk ,o wdkhkj,ska ie,lsh hq;=

m%udKhla Lksc f;,a ksIamd†; jQ w;r hka;%iQ;%

yd WmlrK fojk m%Odk;u wdkhkh úh'

wmkhk fjf<| ÈYdj5'7 rEmigyk

hqfrdamd ix.uh

- fjk;a

13]

tlai;a rdcOdksh

13]

wdishdj

8]

ueo fmr†.

9]

fjk;a

20]

wefu˙ld

tlai;a ckmoh

26]

cr®uksh

6]

fn,a‚hu

5]

fjk;a

20]

wdishdj

15]

ueo fmr†.

10]

wefu˙ld

tlai;a ckmoh

22]

fn,a‚hu

5]

cr®uksh

5]

hqfrdamd ix.uh

- fjk;a

12]

tlai;a rdcOdksh

11]

2012

2007hqfrdamd ix.uh

12]

hqfrdamd ix.uh

9]

wefu˙ld tlai;a

ckmoh

4]

wdishdj - fjk;a

21]

wdishdj - fjk;a

19]

ueo fmr†.

14]

fjk;a

8]

isx.mamQrej

10]

isx.mamQrej

9]

Ökh

8]

Ökh

14]

bka†hdj

23]

bka†hdj

19]ueo fmr†.

15]

fjk;a

14]

wefu˙ld

tlai;a ckmoh

1]

wdkhk fjf<| ÈYdj5'8 rEmigyk

2007

2012

136

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5'4 fiajd fjf<|du" wdodhï" cx.u ixl%du iy cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh

fiajd fjf<|du

f.da,Sh wdr®:ßlh h:d ;;a;ajhg m;aùu

ukao.dó f,i is≥ùu yuqfõ jqjo" 2012 jir ;=< °

fiajd .sKqfuys jvd ys;lr w;s˙la;hla jdr®;d úh'

2011 jifr® ° fiajd .sKqfuys w;s˙la;h t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 1"099 la jQ w;r th 2012 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 1"250 la olajd ishhg 13'8 lska jr®Okh

úh' m%jdyk iy m˙.Kl yd f;dr;=re fiajd hk

Wm wxYhkaf.a we;s jQ jr®Okh fiajd .sKqfuys

w;s˙la;h by< hdug uQ,sl jYfhka fya;= jQ w;r"

ixpdrl fiajd" ikaksfõok" b†ls¯ï yd rlaIK

fiajd hk wfkl=;a ishÆ Wm wxYhka ;=< o

2012 jifr® ° by< ,eîï m%udKhla jdr®;d úh'

m%jdyk fiajd

fiajd wxYh ;=< úYd,;u ∞hl;ajh imhk

m%jdyk fiajd wxYh" fiajd .sKqfuys jr®Okhg

uQ,sl jYfhka fya;= úh' u.S .dia;=" keõ l==,S"

jrdh iy .=jka f;dgqfmd< wdY%s; fiajdjka i|yd

jQ ,eîïj,ska iukaú; m%jdyk fiajd wxYh" 2012

jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"634 la olajd ishhg

17'4 lska ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh úh' Y%S ,xldjg

meñfKk u.Ska ixLHdj by< hdu" u.S .dia;=

by<hdu iy jrdh iy .=jka f;dgqfmd< wdY%s;

lghq;= jeä†hqKq ùu fuu jr®Okhg ∞hl úh'

fï w;r" msgrg ixpdrfha fhfok Á ,dxlslhska

ixLHdj by< hdu;a iuÛ m%jdyk fiajd hgf;a jQ

f.ùï o ishhg 23 lska by< .sfhah' jifr® jeä

ld,hla ;=< cd;Hka;r fjf<|fmd< ;=< mej;s

by< u.S iy keõ .dia;= o m%jdyk fiajd hgf;a jQ

f.ùï by< hdug ∞hl úh'

Á ,xldj fj; meñfKk u.Ska ixLHdj

jr®Okh ùu iy bkaOk ñ, by<hdu ksid .=jka

.dia;= by< oeóu fya;=fjka 2012 jifr® ° u.S

.dia;= u; jQ o< ,eîï ishhg 21'3 lska jr®Okh

úh' Á,xlka .=jka iud.u úiska .=jka .ukdka;

mqΩ,a ls¯u" .=jka .uka jdr .Kk jeä ls¯u iy

wju .dia;= iys; ñyska ,xld cd;sl .=jka fiajfha

l%shdld˙;ajh ;=<ska" jeä u.Ska m%udKhlg fiajdj

,nd°ug wjia:dj W∞lr fokq ,eîh' 2012 jir

w. jk úg" Á,xlka .=jka iud.u úiska ;u .=jka

hdkd ixLHdj 22 la olajd by< kxjd .ksñka jir

;=<° Iexyhs Shanghai&" .=jdxfida Guangzhou&" fldÑ

^Kochi&" fudialõ ^Moscow& iy iq˙É ^Zurich& fj;

kj .=jka fiajdjka wdrïN lrñka tys f.da,Sh

.uka cd,h rgj,a 33 la ;=< .=jka .ukdka; 60 la

olajd mqΩ,a lrkq ,eîh'

jrdh yd .=jka f;dgqfmd< wdY%s; lghq;=j,

is≥jQ jr®Okh iuÛ keõ l=,S" jrdh iy .=jka

f;dgqfmd< wdY%s; wfkl=;a fiajdjka u; jQ ,eîï

2012 jifr® ° i;=gq∞hl l%shdld¯;ajhla fmkakqï

lf<ah' 2012 jifr® ° keõ l=,S" jrdh iy .=jka

f;dgqfmd< wdY%s; wfkl=;aa fiajdjka u; jQ o<

,eîï t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 917 la olajd ishhg

14'5 lska jr®Okh úh' 2011 jirg idfmalaIj

2012 jifr® ° nydÆï m%;skeõ.; ls¯fï lghq;=

fukau foaYSh jrdhkag meñfKk keõ ixLHdj

o by< .sfhah' u;a;, rdcmÈ cd;Hka;r .=jka

f;dgqfmd< 2013 jifr® udr®;= ui ° jd◊c

lghq;= i|yd újD; ls¯u iy ud.ï reyqKqmqr

uyskao rdcmÈ jrdh-˚˚ jk w†hr" nKavdrkdhl

cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqfmd<-˚˚ jk w†hr iy

u;a;, rdcmÈ cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqfmd<-˚˚

jk w†hr 2015 jir w. jk úg wjika ls¯ug

1' m%jdyk fiajd

2' úfoaY .uka iy ixpdrl

fiajd ^wE&

3' ikaksfõok fiajd

4' m˙.Kl iy

f;dr;=re fiajd

5' b†ls¯ï fiajd

6' rlaIK fiajd

7' fjk;a jHdmd˙l fiajd

8' rcfha úhoï ^wka ;ekl

i|yka fkdjk&

uqΩ Y=oaO fiajd

1' fiajl jka† f.ùï

2' iDcq wdfhdack wd∞hï

3' fmd,S iy wfkl=;a f.ùï

uqΩ Y=oaO wd∞hu

1' fm!oa.,sl

2' rdcH

uqΩ Y=oaO cx.u ixl%du

uQ,hka( Y%S ,xld wdfhdack uKav,h

YS% ,xld ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙h

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j

^w& fuu b†˙m;als¯u f.jqï ;=,k w;afmdf;ys 5 jk ixfYdaOkh ^1993& g

wkqrEmj" cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, u.ska cd;Hka;rj wkq.ukh lrk

whq˙ka ilia lr we;'

^wd& ixfYdaê;

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t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk remsh,a ñ,shk

439 462 48,521 58,776 329 328 36,518 41,755 29 41 3,173 5,206 355 436 39,251 55,770 36 41 4,012 5,213 35 43 3,895 5,448 -108 -77 -11,854 -9,738 -17 -24 -1,882 -3,108 1,099 1,250 121,635 159,321

-11 -20 -1,224 -2,500 -375 -430 -41,580 -55,098 -261 -699 -29,237 -90,820

-647 -1,148 -72,041 -148,419

4,583 5,339 506,630 681,714 60 53 6,587 6,899

4,643 5,392 513,216 688,613

2011 ^wd& 2012 ^we& 2011 ^wd& 2012 ^we& YSr®Ih

5'6 ixLHd igyk

Y=oaO fiajd" wdodhï iy cx.u ixl%du ^w&

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ie,iqï ls¯u;a iuÛ jeä úfoaY úksuh m%udKhla

,nd.ekSug wfmalaIs; w;r" tu.sska fiajd .sKqu

;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a jkq we;'

úfoaY .uka iy ixpdrl fiajd

hqOuh jd;djrKfhka wk;=rej we;s jQ

jr®Okh wLKavj mj;ajd .ksñka 2012 jifr® °

ñ,shk 1 lg jvd jeä ixpdrlhska m%udKhla

wdlr®IKh lr .ekSug YS% ,xldj iu;a úh' 2012

jir i|yd ixpdrl meñ”ï b,lalh jQ 950"000

wNsnjd hñka ixpdrl meñ”ï 1"005"605 la

jdr®;d l< w;r th 2011 jifr® jdr®;d jQ

855"975 g idfmalaIj ishhg 17'5 l jr®Okhls'

2012 foieïnr® udifha ° ixpdrl meñ”ï

ixLHdj 122"252 la jQ w;r th fuf;la udihla

;=< jdr®;d jQ by<u meñ”ï m%udKh úh' l,dmSh

jYfhka ixpdrl meñ”ï ie,lSfï° ngysr

hqfrdamh ;j≥rg;a m%uqL ixpdrl uQ,h f,i

wLKavj meje;s w;r th 2011 ° uqΩ meñ”ïj,ska

ishhg 36'8 la f,i meje;s w.hg idfmaÈj 2012

° ishhg 37'1 la f,i jdr®;d úh' ol=Kq wdishdkq

l,dmh fojk m%Odk ixpdrl fjf<|fmd< jQ

w;r th uqΩ ixpdrl meñ”ïj,ska ishhg 24'6 la

úh' kef.kysr hqfrdamh" w.aks†. wdishdj iy

íag%f,aishdj hk l,dmj, meje;s m%jr®Ok lghq;=

iy tu l,dm iy Á ,xldj iïnkaO fjñka we;s

l< kj .=jka udr®. fya;=fjka tu l,dmj,

ixpdrl meñ”ï ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhla jdr®;d

rgj,a wkqj ixpdrl meñŒï - 20125'9 rEmigyk

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17'5]

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25'5]

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uQ,hka ( YS% ,xld ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙h

YS% ,xld uy nexl=j ^w& ;djld,sl

jr®Ok fõ.h ^]&2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 ^w&

2011 2012 ^w&

ixpdrl meñ”ï îxLHdj&

úfkda∞iajdoh

jHdmdr

fjk;a

ixpdrl rd;S% .Kk ôyia&

ldur Wmfhdack wkqmd;h ^]&

o< ixpdrl ,eîï ^re' ñ,shk&

tal mqoa., ixpdrl ,eîï ^re'&

uqΩ fiajd kshqla;sh îxLHdj&

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321,079 358,188 516,538 663,343 748,436 28.4 12.8

37,261 38,473 83,270 68,097 90,040 -18.2 32.2

80,135 51,229 54,668 124,535 167,129 127.8 34.2

4,166 4,076 6,548 8,559 10,056 30.7 17.5

43.9 48.4 70.2 77.1 71.2 9.8 -7.7

37,094 40,133 65,018 91,926 132,427 41.4 44.1

84,598 89,605 99,344 107,393 131,688 8.1 22.6

123,134 124,970 132,055 138,685 162,869 5.0 17.4

51,306 52,071 55,023 57,786 67,862 5.0 17.4

71,828 72,899 77,032 80,899 95,007 5.0 17.4

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ixpdrl meñŒï iy bmehsï5'10 rEmigyk

ixpdrl meñ”ï ixpdrl bmehSï ôl=Kq wlaIh&

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lrk ,°' fuh Á ,xldfõ ixpdrl fjf<|fmd<

;=< l%udkql+, úúOdx.SlrKhla we;s ls¯u i|yd

fya;= úh' ixpdrl meñ”ï is≥jk m%Odk;u rg

f,i ;j≥rg;a bka†hdj meje;s w;r wkq.dó

rgj,a jQfha tlai;a rdcOdksh" cr®uksh" m%xYh

iy íafÜ%,shdjhs' fuu rgj,a mfya uqΩ ixpdrl

meñ”ï ixLHdj" 2012 ° Á ,xldjg meñ◊ uqΩ

ixpdrlhskaf.ka ishhg 46'8 lg ∞hl;ajh ,nd

° we;' 2012 jifr® ixpdrl meñ”ïj,ska ishhg

74 lg jvd jeä m%udKhla ksjdvq .;ls¯u i|yd

o ishhg 9 la jHdmd˙l lghq;= i|yd o meñ◊

w;r wfkl=;a ixpdrlhska «;s ñ;%d°ka yuqùug

o" iïfï,k yd iïuka;%K i|yd o" wd.ñl yd

ixialD;sl lghq;= i|yd o meñK we;'

2012 jifr® ° ixpdrl bmehSï ie,lsh hq;=

f,i wLKavj jr®Okh úh' ixpdrlhskaf.a ffoksl

idudkH úhou by<hdu yryd ixpdrl bmehSï

m%udKh 2011 jifr® ° jdr®;d l< t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 830 g idfmalaIj 2012 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r®


úh' by< úhoï is≥lrkq ,nk ixpdrlhskaf.a

meñ”u jeäùu iy myiqlï jeä†hqKq ls¯u u.ska

tla rd;%shla i|yd ixpdrlfhl=f.a idudkH úhou

2011 jifr® jdr®;d jQ t'c'fvd,r® 97 isg 2012 jifr®

° t'c'fvd,r® 103 olajd by< .sfhah' Rcq yd jl%

fiajd kshqla;sfhys jQ jr®Okhka ms<sìUq lrñka

ixpdrl lr®udka;h yryd jQ fiajd kshqla;sh ishhg

17'4 l ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhla jdr®;d lf<ah' fï

w;r" 2012 jifr® ° úfoaY .uka yd iïnkaO f.ùï

o by< .sfhah'

2011 jifr® ° y∫kajd ≥ka cd;sl ixpdrl

l%fudamdh iuÛ wkq.; fjñka Á ,xld ixpdrl

ixjr®Ok wêld˙h úiska ;j≥rg;a ixpdrl fÈa;%h

†hqKq ls¯u i|yd mshjr .kakd ,°' 2016 jir jk

úg ixpdrl bmehSï t'c'fvd,r® ì,shk 2'75 la jdr®;d

lrñka ixpdrl meñ”ï ñ,shk 2'5 la wdlr®IKh

lr .ekSu ixpdrl lr®udka;fha m%Odk wruqK f,i

mej;=Ks' ixpdrl lr®udka;fha iyNd.S;ajfhka

tlai;a rdcOdksh" Ökh" cr®uksh" bka†hdj"

fkor®,ka;h jeks rgj, Rcqju fjf<|fmd<

m%jr®Ok lghq;= is≥lrñka f,dalh mqrd fjf<| yd

.uka m%or®Yk 25 la yryd m%jr®Ok lghq;= is≥lr

we;' foaYSh há;, myiqlï ixjr®Okh" f.da,Sh

fydag,a cd,d u.ska Wmdh udr®.sl wdfhdack is≥ls¯u"

m%jr®Ok jevigyka" kj ixpdrlhkaa wdlr®IKh

lr .ekSu iy ixpdrl ixjr®Ok lghq;= i|yd

W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj, y∫kd.;a m%foaY

;=<ska Á ,xldj cd;Hka;r jYfhka m%jr®Okh

ls¯ug fnfyúka bjy,a úh'

rgg meñfKk ixpdrlhska ixLHdjg i˙,k

whq˙ka tys Od˙;dj jeä ls¯u iòyd lr®udka;hg

wjYH wdfhdack is≥lrk ,°' úúO f;aud hgf;a

ixpdrl wxYh jr®Okh ls¯u wruqKq lrf.k

l,amsáh" l=ÉÑfõ,s iy hd, hk m%foaYj, ixpdrl

ixjr®Ok l,dm wdfhdackh i|yd wkq.%yh olajd

we;' 2012 jifr® ° l=ÉÑfõ,s ixpdrl ixjr®Ok

jHdmD;sh hgf;a remsh,a ñ,shk 850 la wdfhdackh

lr ldur 48 lska iukaú; fydag,hla id∞ ksu

lrk ,°' ldur 764 lska iukaú; remsh,a ì,shk

10 blaujQ wdfhdack iys;j ;j;a kj fydag,a 11

la b†ls¯ug kshñ; mdisl=vd jHdmD;sh iy ±kg

is≥ flfrñka mj;sk l,amsáh tAldnoaO ixpdrl

jHdmD;sh 2013 jir ;=< ° ksu ls¯ug wfmaÈd

flfr®' ;re mx;sfha kj yd wÆ;ajeähd lrk ,o

fydag,a lsysmhl jHdmd˙l lghq;= 2012 ° wdrïN

lrk ,o w;r rfÜ úúO m%foaYj, kj fydag,a

b†flfrñka mj;S' wdishd Ydka;slr l,dmfha m%Odk

iqms˙ fydag,a cd,hla jk Iex.%s,d taIshd Shangri-La Asia& by< fmf<a myiqlï iys; ldur 650 lska

iukaú; iqms˙ fydag,a ixlSr®Khla fld<U k.rh

;=< b†ls¯u wdrïN lr we;s w;r" tys jHdmdr

lghq;= 2015 ° wdrïN ls¯ug kshñ;h' Iex.%s,d

iud.u ol=Kq fjr<nv" yïnkaf;dg m%foaYfha

ldur 400 lska iukaú; ixpdrl ksjdi 50 lska

hq;a fjr<dY%s; ixpdrl ksfla;khla b†ls¯fï

fojk jHdmD;shla wdrïN lr we;s w;r tys

lghq;= o 2015 ° ksu ls¯ug kshñ;h' yhÜ (Hyatt), uQjkaamsla ^Movenpick& iy fIrgka ^Sheraton& jeks

cd;Hka;r fydag,a cd,hka o kq≥re wkd.;fha ° Á

,xldj ;=< Tjqkaf.a lghq;= wdrïN lrkq we;' fï

w;r" kd.˙l ixjr®Ok wêld˙h yd tlaj Á ,xld

ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙h úiska W;=re m<df;a

uq,;sõ" ukakdru iy hdmkh hk †ia;%slal ;=<

ixpdrl l,dm y∫kd .ekSfï l%shdj,sh wLKavj

is≥lrk ,°' Á ,xld ixpdrl ixjr®Ok wêld˙fha

ixpdrl i;aldrl ksjdi jevigyk yryd ixpdrl

lr®udka;fha Od˙;dj ;j≥rg;a by< kexùu

is≥lrkq ,enQ w;r th ixpdrlhska iy ixpdrl

fjf<πu ;=< ckm%sh úh' Á ,xld ixpdrl

ixjr®Ok wêld˙h 2012 ° ish Ndrfha mj;sk

kjd;eka 25 la wΩ;ajeähd ls¯u yd jeä†hqKq ls¯u

is≥l< w;r Bg wu;rj kj i;aldrl ksjdi 150 la

,shdm†xÑ lr we;'

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ikaksfõok" mß.Kl iy f;dr;=re fiajd

ikaksfõok fiajd 2012 jir ;=< ° ;j≥rg;a

mqΩ,a úh' ikaksfõok fiajd u; jQ o< úfoaY

,eîï 2012 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 109 la

olajd ishhg 27'8 lska jr®Okh úh' flfia kuq;a"

úoHq;a ;emE," wêfõ.S wka;r®cd, myiqlï" pkaøsld

;dlaIKh iys; rEmjdyskS Ndú;h jeäùu iy

cd;Hka;r Rcq ≥rl:k weu;=ï m%udKh jeäùu

iuÛ ú≥,s ixfoaY fiajd f.ùï o wvq fõ.hlska

jqjo jr®Okh úh' ä‚g,a ;dlaIKh iy cx.u

≥rl:k wdY%s; fjf<|fmd< ;=< by< hk b,aÆu

imqrd,Su i|yd ikaksfõok wxYh b;d iS>%fhka

m˙jr®;kh fjñka mj;S'

jHdmdr l%shdj,s ndysr uQ,dY% fj; mej¯u

^BPO& iy ±kqu mokï lr.;a jHdmdr l%shdj,s

ndysr uQ,dY% fj; mej¯u (KPO) jeks f;dr;=re

;dlaIKh mokï lr.;a fiajd ÎTES& wmkhk

2012 jifr® ° ;j≥rg;a jr®Okh úh' m˙.Kl iy

f;dr;=re fiajd Wm wxYfhys o< ,eîï 2012 jifr®

° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 436 la olajd ishhg 22'9 lska

jr®Okh úh' zwfkl=;a jHdmd˙l fiajdjkaZ hgf;a

jr®.SlrKh lr we;s ±kqu mokï lr.;a jHdmdr

l%shdj,s ndysr uQ,dY% fj; mej¯u u; jQ bmehSï

o jir ;=< ° by< .sh w;r jHdmdr l%shdj,s iy

±kqu mokï lr.;a jHdmdr l%shdj,s ndysr uQ,dY%

fj; mej¯fuka ,enqKq fiajd wmkhk bmehSï

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 600 blaujd we;ehs weia;fïka;=

lr we;' rfgys mj;sk jvd;a ys;lr iudc wdr®:ßl

ixjr®Okh" f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh yd iïnkaO

há;, myiqlï idfmalaIj jeä†hqKq ùu" mqyqKq

Y%uh ,nd.ekSfï yelshdj" ñ, ;r.ld¯;ajh iy

jvd;a úYajikSh yd ldr®hlaIu fiajd iemhqu"

m˙.Kl yd f;dr;=re fiajd lr®udka;fhys jvd;a

;sridr jr®Okhla <Ûd lr .ekSug Wmld¯ úh'

f;dr;=re ;dlaIK lr®udka;fhys kshef,k Á

,dxlsl iud.ï úfoaYSh rgj,g" úfYaIfhkau

ueofmr†. iy wm%sldkq l,dmSh rgj,g"

uD≥ldx. myiqlï iemhSu iïnkaOfhka idr®:l

l%shdld¯;ajhla fmkakqï l< w;r" 2012 jifr® °

fuu wxYh ishhg 12 lska muK jr®Okh úh' uQ,H

iy .KldêlrK" bx‚fkare fiajd" kS;sh iy .Dy

ksr®udKlrKh jeks fÈa;%hka ;=< ukd mqyqKqjla

,enQ jD;a;slhskaf.a fiajh ,nd.ekSug we;s

yelshdj ksid jHdmdr l%shdj,s iy ±kqu mokï

lr.;a jHdmdr l%shdj,s ndysr uQ,dY% fj; mej¯u

m%jr®Okfha ° Á ,xldjg idfmaÈj jeä jdishla ysñ

fõ' f.da,Sh jYfhka jHdmdr ls%hdj,s ndysr uQ,dY%

fj; mej¯fï m%Odk ia:dkhka kï ls¯fï AT Kearney Global Services Location Index (GSLI)-2011 keue;s or®Ylhg wkqj YS% ,xldj f,dalfha rgj,a

w;˙ka 21 la jk ia:dkh ysñlrf.k we;s w;r"

Gartner fY%a◊.; ls¯ug wkqj m<uq rgj,a 30 ;=<g

YS% ,xldj we;=<;a lr we;' fï w;r" zf;d,kaiaZ

jdr®;dj ^Tholons Top 100 Outsourcing Destination Report)-2013 wkqj" f.da,Sh jYfhka jHdmdr l%shdj,s

ndysr uQ,dY% fj; mej¯fï m%Odk;u ia:dk 100

w;˙ka ke.S tk m<uq k.r 20 w;rg fld<U

k.rh we;=<;a lr we;' fuu fÈa;%fha ms<s.;a

mqyqKqlrejl= jk §,xld BPO welvñh¶ jHdmdr

l%shdj,s ndysr uQ,dY% fj; mej¯fï lr®udka;h

i|yd wjYH jk mqyqKq Y%uh imqrd .ekSu i|yd

myiqlï i,iñka jdr®Islj w∞< jD;a;slhska yd

YsIHhska 2"000 lg wêl ixLHdjla mqyqKq ls¯ug

ie,iqï lr we;'

wdodhï ,eîï iy f.ùï

rch úiska ,nd.;a iuqÉÑ; Kh u; fmd,S

f.ùïj, is≥jQ by<hdu fya;=fjka 2012 jifr® °

wd∞hï .sKqfï ysÛh mqΩ,a úh' 2011 jifr®

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 647 la jQ wd∞hï .sKqfï ysÛh

2012 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"148 la olajd by<

.sfhah' f.da,Sh fmd,S wkqmd;sl wvqùu fya;=fjka

2012 jifr® ° úfoaYSh ks, ixÑ; wdfhdackfhka

,o fmd,S wd∞hï fukau úfoaY úksuh yd úfoaYSh

iq/l=ïm;a .kqfokqj,ska bmehQ ,dN 2011 jirg

idfmalaIj my< .sho" 2012 jifr® wd∞hï .sKqfï

,eîï iòyd ∞hl úh' ixÑ; mj;ajdf.k

hdfï wfkl=;a m%Odk uqo,a jr®. jk hQfrda iy

ì%;dkH mjqu t'c'fvd,rhg tfrysj wêm%udKh

ùu fya;=fjka" fuu uqo,a jr®.j,ska iukaú;

fjf<| iq/l=ïm;aj, fjf<|fmd< jákdlu

t'c'fvd,r®j,ska ;lafiare lr ±laùfï ° úYd,

jYfhka ;lafiare iy úksuh ,dN w;am;a lr.ekSu

iòyd fya;= úh' óg wu;rj" m%Odk jYfhka rch

úiska ,nd.;a úfoaYSh Kh u; is≥ lrkq ,nk

fmd,S f.ùï jeäùu fya;= fldg f.k wd∞hï

.sKqfï f.ùï t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"469 la olajd

ishhg 31'9 lska jr®Okh úh' jd◊c nexl= i;= Y=oaO

úfoaYSh j.lSï by<hdu fya;= fldg f.k jd◊c

nexl= i;= úfoaYSh j.lSï u; jQ Y=oaO fmd,S f.ùï

o jir ;=< ° jr®Okh úh' ;jo" Á ,xldfõ Rcq

úfoaYSh wdfhdackhkaf.ka ,enQ by< bmehSï fya;=

fldg f.k úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska úiska ,dN iy

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,dNdxY ;u rgj,a lrd f.k hdu o jir ;=< °

by< .sfhah' flfia kuq;a" úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhskag

;u rgj,a lrd f.k hd yels ,dN yd ,dNdxYj,ska

ie,lsh hq;= fldgila tu jHdmdrj, fufyhqï

lghq;= ;j≥rg;a mqΩ,a ls¯u i|yd m%;swdfhdackh

lr we;'

cx.u ixl%du

cx.u ixl%du i|yd by< ∞hl;ajhla

imhk úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a fm%aIK

,eîï wLKavj Á ,xldfõ m%Odk;u úfoaY

úksuh bmehqï uQ,dY%h njg m;aúh' Y=oaO cx.u

ixl%du 2011 jifr® jdr®;d jQ t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk

4"643 l isg 2012 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 5"392

olajd jr®Okh úh' úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a

fm%aIK ,eîï" 2011 jifr® t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk

5"145 g idfmalaIj" 2012 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r®


úh' jD;a;Suh iy .Dy Wmldrl hk wxYhkays

úfoaY /lshd i|yd msg;aj hEï ie,lsh hq;=

f,i jr®Okh ùu;a iuÛ 2012 jifr® ° úfoaY

/lshd i|yd msg;aj .sh ixLHdj 279"482 la olajd

ishhg 6'3 lska by< .sfhah' úfoaY /lshd i|yd

jD;a;Suh wxYfha Y%u ixl%uKh ùu jeäùu" foaYSh

jd◊c nexl= u.ska fiajd kshqla;sl fm%aIK m%Odk

jYfhka ,efnk rgj, úksuh yqjudre uOHia:dk

we;=Ωj úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sl fm%aIK ,efnk

úêu;a udr®. ;j≥rg;a mqΩ,a ls¯u" fiajd kshqla;sl

rgj,a úúOdx.SlrKh ls¯u" Á ,xldfõ úfYaIfhka

W;=re iy kef.kysr m<d;aj, nexl= myiqlï

mqΩ,a ls¯u hkd†h 2012 jifr® fm%aIK jeäùug

fya;= ù we;' úfoaY /lshdjkays kshe,S isg kej;

meñfKk Y%ñlhska i|yd ksjdi Kh myiqlï

m%odkh ls¯u" úfoaY /lshd wfmalaIs;hkaf.a l=i,;d

jeä†hqKq ls¯ug remsh,a ñ,shk 300 l úhoñka

kj;u ;dlaI◊l úoHd, folla msysgqùu iy iqΩ

m˙udK jHdmdr wdrïN ls¯ug wfmalaId lrkakka

i|yd wvq fmd,S wkqmd;slhla iys; Kh fhdackd

l%uhla l%shd;aul ls¯u jeks 2013 jir i|yd jk

whjefhys we;=<;a rdcH uQ,H †˙.ekaùï u.sska

b†˙fha ° úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a fm%AIK

,eîï by< hkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®' fï w;r"

2012 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a

fm%aIK tu jifr® fjf<| ysÛfhka ishhg 64 la

muK jQ w;r" th cx.u .sKqfï ysÛh ie,lsh hq;=

f,i wvq ls¯ug Wmld¯ úh'

cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh

cx.u .sKqfï ysÛh" 2011 jifr® ° jdr®;d

jQ t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 4"615 isg 2012 jifr® °

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 3"915 la olajd wvqúh' 2012

jifr® m<uq ldr®;=j ;=< ° cx.u .sKqfï ysÛh

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"316 la jQ w;r" fï i|yd wka;r®

iy wdfhdack NdKav wdkhkfhys ie,lsh hq;=

jr®Okh fukau f.da,Sh b,aÆu ≥r®j, ùu fya;=fjka

wmkhk wd∞hu wvqùu ksid we;s jQ fjf<| ysÛh

mqΩ,a ùu o n,mEfõh' flfia kuq;a" 2012 jifr®

uq,a Nd.fha ° .kq ,enQ úplaIKYS,S m%;sm;a;s

l%shdudr®. fya;=fjka fjf<| ysÛh l%ufhka wvq

úh' fï iuÛ" fiajd wmkhkh ;=<ska ,enQ by<

bmehqï iy úfoaY fiajd kshqla;slhskaf.a fm%aIK

l%ñlj jr®Okh ùu 2012 jifr® cx.u .sKqfï

ysÛh wvqq ùug fya;= úh' o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla

f,i 2011 jifr® ishhg 7'8 la jQ cx.u .sKqfï

ysÛh 2012 jifr® ° ishhg 6'6 olajd wvq jQ w;r"

tu.ska b;=reï-wdfhdack mr;rfha we;s jQ wvqùu

o ms<sìUq flfrhs'

5'5 m%d.aOk yd uQ,H m%jdy iy f.jqï ;=,kh

úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack

f.da,Sh wdr®:ßl jr®Okh ukao.dó ùu yuqfõ

jqjo" úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack f.jqï ;=,kfhys uQ,H

.sKqfï m%Odk ,eîula f,i ;j≥rg;a mej;=◊'

YS% ,xld wdfhdack uKav,fha ,shdm†xÑ iud.ï

úiska ,nd.;a úfoaYSh Kh o we;=<;a úfoaYSh Rcq

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1"066 g idfmalaIj 2012 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 1"338 la jQ w;r" th YS% ,xldj jr®Ihla

;=< ,o by<u w.h úh' ke.S tk m%Odk wxYhka

;=< †.=ld,Sk wdfhdack YlH;dj iïnkaOfhka

jQ wdfhdaclhskaf.a wLKav úYajdih iy idr®j

wdr®:ßlfha ia:dhS;dj fya;=fjka Á ,xldjg fufia

by< úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack m%udKhla w;alr

.; yels úh' tfiau" cd;Hka;r ;r.ld˙;aj

or®Ylfha ^Global Competitiveness Index& fY%a◊.;

ls¯u iy f,dal nexl=j úiska b†˙m;a lrkq

,nk jHdmdr mj;ajdf.k hdfï myiqj fYa%◊.;

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jHdmdr fÈa;%fha wLKav jr®Okh wdfhdaclhskaf.a

úYajdih ;j≥rg;a by< kexùug fya;= úh' 2012

jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack ,eîï

;=< t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 71 l ysñlï m%d.aOkh o"

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iud.ïj, kej; wdfhdackh ls¯u i|yd r|jd

.;a bmehqï o" t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 440 l úfoaYSh

Kh o we;=<;a úh' tfiau" 2012 jifr® ° úfoaYSh

Rcq wdfhdackj," t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 59 l

jákdlñka hq;a wdfhdackhla wdfhdack uKav,fha

,shdm†xÑ fkdjQ iud.ula jk Aviva NDB Holdings Lanka (Pvt) Ltd. iud.ug ,eì◊' 2012 jir i|yd

.súiqï.; jHdmD;s ixLHdj o" 2013 jir i|yd

l%shd;aul ùug kshñ; jHdmD;s ixLHdj o miq.sh

jirj,g idfmalaIj ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh úh'

ta wkqj" o'foa'ks' fha m%;sY;hla f,i úfoaYSh Rcq

wdfhdack ,eîï ±kg mj;akd ishhg 2'3 isg ue†

ld,Skj 2016 jifr® °" ishhg 4 lg jeä m%udKhla

olajd jr®Okh jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®'

úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack ,eîïj, wdxYsl

ixhq;sh ;=<ska uyd m˙udK ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sj,

iy ke.S tk wxYfha jHdmD;sj, wdfhdack by<

.sh nj ;j≥rg;a ms<sìUq flfr®' 2012 jifr® °"

úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdackhkays jeä m%;sY;hla ishhg

44'6& jrdh iy nydÆï mr®hka;" ≥rl:k yd ú≥,s

ixfoaY moaO;s" ú≥,s W;amdokh iy ksjdi yd

f.dvke.s,s wd†h we;=<;a há;, myiqlï wxYhg

,enq◊' úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdaackfhka ishhg 8'8

l m%udKhla ixpdrl wxYh ,enQ w;r" ixpdrl

wxYh o we;=Ω fiajd wxYfhys wdfhdackh ishhg

31'9 la úh' fï w;r" ksIamdok wxYh úiska ishhg

23 l úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack m%udKhla wdlr®IKh

lr.kakd ,°' ixpdrl jHdmdrh wLKavj mqΩ,a ùu

iy wOHdmksl fiajd" ikaksfõok iy f;dr;=re

;dlaIK hk wxYj,g úfoaYSh wdfhdack ,nd.ekSu

flfrys jeä wjOdkhla fhduq ùu;a iuÛ 2013 jir

iy bka b†˙hg fuu lafIa;%hkays Rcq wdfhdack

;j≥rg;a by< hkq we;ehs wfmalaId flfr®' fï

w;r" 2012 jifr® ° úfoaYSh Rcq wdfhdack f.ùï

2011 jifr® ° jdr®;d jQ t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 60 isg

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 85 olajd by< .sfhah'

rchg ,enqKq ueos yd os.=ld,Sk Kh m%d.aOk m%jdy

2012 jifr® °" rdcH wxYfha Kh ,eîïj,

hï wvqùula olakg ,enq◊' 2011 iy 2012 jirj,

° ksl=;a lrk ,o t'c'fvd,r® ì,shkh ne.sska

jQ iaffj¯;aj ne∫ïlr ,eîï o we;=<;aj" rch

,nd.;a ue† yd †.=ld,Sk Kh 2011 jifr® ° jdr®;d

jQ t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 3"026 yd iei|Sfï ° 2012

jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 2"869 la úh' 2010 iy

∞hlhd iy jHdmD;sh

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thska· ud.ï reyqKqmqr uyskao rdcmlaI jrdh

ixjr®Okh jHdmD;sh - ˚ iy ˚˚ w†hr

mq;a;,u .,a w.=re n,d.dr jHdmD;sh - ˚˚ jk

w†hr

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u;a;, rdcmlaI cd;Hka;r .=jkaf;dgqfmd<

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by< fld;auf,a c, ú≥,sn, jHdmD;sh

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- ˚˚ jk w†hr

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- ˚ jk w†hr

c, iemhqï ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sh

wdishdkq ixjr®Ok nexl=j

thska· fld<U jrdh mqΩ,a ls fï jHdmD;sh

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.egqïj,ska ydkshgm;a m%foaYj, y†is ixjr®Ok

jHdmD;sh

msú;=re n,Yla;sh iy cd, ldr®hlaIu;dj jeä

†hqKq ls fï jHdmD;sh

cd;sl wêfõ.s udr®. moaO;s jHdmD;sh

bka†hdj

thska· úkaf;a - m,d,s" uvq - ;ff,hsukakdru iy

ueojÉÑh ≥ï˙h udr®. jHdmD;sh

W;=re m<d;a ≥ï˙h fiajdj m%;sixialrKh

oUq,a, c, iemhqï jHdmD;sh - ˚ jk w†hr

fld<U - ud;r ≥ï˙h udr®. ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sh

- ˚˚ jk w†hr

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thska· m%uqL;d.; udr®. m%;sixialrKh iy ixjr®Okh

ls fï jHdmD;sh

fudr.ylkao ixjr®Ok jHdmD;sh

cd;Hka;r ixjr®Ok ix.uh

thska· .egqïj,ska ydkshgm;a m%foaYj, ck;djf.a

„jk ;;a;ajh by< kexùu i|yd fojk yd

f;jk w;sfr®l wruqo,a iïmdokh

udr®. ixjr®Okh ioyd jQ w;sfr®l wruqo,a

iïmdok jHdmD;sh

W;=re m<d; läkñka h:d ;;a;ajhg m;als fï

jHdmD;sh

brdk wmkhk ixjr®Ok nexl=j

thska· Wud Th c, ú≥,s iy jd˙udr®. jHdmD;sh

.%dóh ú≥,sn, iemhqï ˚˚˚ jk jHdmD;sh

fld˙hdkq iuQydKavqj

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hqfrdamSh wfhdack nexl=j

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jHdmD;s wLKavj lrf.k hdu i|yd jQ m%Odk

,eîï fï w;r úh' 2012 jifr® ,nd.;a t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 2"869 la jQ uqΩ Kh ,eîïj,ska t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 1"460 laa iyk∞hS fldkafoais u; ,ndf.k

we;s w;r" b;s˙h iyk∞hS fkdjk fldkafoais u;

,nd.;a Kh" jd◊c Kh iy wmkhk iòyd jQ

Kh úh' fï w;r" m%Odk jYfhka 2012 jifr®

cqks udih wjidkh olajd jQ ld,m˙Éf√oh ;=< °

tlÛ jQ tfy;a uq∞ fkdy˙k ,o úfoaYSh wruqo,a

m%udKh by<hdu iy 2011 jirg idfmalaIj

2012 jifr® ° úfoaYSh Kh uq∞ye¯ï iqΩ jYfhka

my<hdu fya;=fjka" 2011 jifr® ° ishhg 38'2 la jQ

úfoaYSh Kh Wmfhdack wkqmd;h1" 2012 jifr® °

ishhg 22'3 la olajd wvq úh'

rdcH iq/l=ïm;a u; wdfhdackh

NdKavd.dr ì,am;a yd NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr

u; jQ úfoaYSh wdfhdack ;=<ska ,enqKq Y=oaO úfoaY

úksuh m%udKh 2012 jifr® ° ie,lsh hq;= f,i

jr®Okh úh' Á ,xldfõ rdcH iq/l=ïm;aj,

wdfhdackh i|yd úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhka ;=<

mj;sk leue;a; ;j≥rg;a ms<sìUq lrñka" 2011

jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 233 la jQ rdcH

iq/l=ïm;a i|yd jQ Y=oaO úfoaY úksuh ,eîï" 2012

jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 843 la olajd by<

.sfhah' rdcH iq/l=ïm;a u; jQ Y=oaO uqΩ ,eîï

m%udKfhka t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 38 la NdKavd.dr

ì,am;a i|yd ,enqKq w;r" †.=ld,Sk wdfhdack

1 úfoaYSh Kh Wmfhdack wkqmd;h .Kkh lr we;af;a 2012 jifr® cqks ui

wjidkh jk úg tlÛ ù we;s tfy;a uq∞ fkdy˙k ,o úfoaYSh wruqo,a

jákdlñka" 2012 jir ;=< uq∞ y˙k ,o úfoaYSh wruqo,a jákdlu m%;sY;hla

f,i .ekSfuks'

flfrys wdfhdaclhkaf.a jeä leue;a; ms<sìUq

lrñka NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr i|yd t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 805 la ,enq◊' rdcH iq/l=ïm;aj, fkdmshjQ

fYaIfhka ishhg 12'5 lg iSud l< úfoaYSh

wdfhdack iSudj" jir ;=< ° ;j≥rg;a tfiau

mj;ajdf.k hk ,°'

fm!oa.,sl wxYhg iy rdcH ixia:dj,g ,enqKq

È.=ld,Sk Kh m%d.aOk m%jdy

fm!oa.,sl wxYhg iy rdcH ixia:dj,g ,enqKq

†.=ld,Sk Kh 2012 jifr® ° ie,lsh hq;= f,i

jr®Okh úh' 2011 jifr® ° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 310 la

jQ fm!oa.,sl wxYhg iy rdcH ixia:dj,g ,enqKq

†.=ld,Sk Kh m%udKhg idfmalaIj 2012 jifr®

° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 891 la ,enq◊' fuh" rdcH

ixia:dj,g ,enqKq t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 374 lska iy

fm!oa.,sl wxYhg ,enqKq t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 517 lska

iukaú; úh' 2012 jifr® ° rdcH ixia:d fj; jQ

,eîï ;=< mq;a;,u .,a w`.=re n,d.dr jHdmD;sh

fjkqfjka ,xld flda,a fldïmeks ,sñgâ ^Lanka Coal Company Limited) fj; ,enqKq t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 129 la o" u;a;, rdcmÈ cd;Hka;r .=jka

f;dgqfmd< jHdmD;sh i|yd .=jka f;dgqfmd<

yd .=jka fiajd ^Á ,xld& iud.u fj; ,enqKq

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 51 la o" ud.ï reyqKqmqr uyskao

rdcmÈ jrdh ixjr®Ok w†hr ˚ yd w†hr ˚˚ i|yd

Á ,xld jrdh wêld˙hg ,enqKq t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk

193 la o fuhg wh;a fõ' fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj;

jQ úfoaYSh Kh ,eîïj,ska wdfhdack uKav,fhys

,shdm†xÑ jQ iud.ïj,g 2011 jifr® ° ,enqKq

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 110 yd iei£fï ° 2012 jifr® °

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 440 la ,enqKq w;r" wdfhdack

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jifr® ° ,enqKq t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 78 iuÛ iei£fï

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uq∞y˙k ,o uqΩ Kh m%udKfhka ishhg 61 la

rcfha wem iys;j uqody, Kh úh' fm!oa.,sl

wxYh ,nd.;a úfoaYSh Kh uQ,sl jYfhka .=jka

fiajd" ksIamdok" ikaksfõok yd uQ,H fiajd hk

wxYj, wdfhdackh i|yd fhduq úh' Á ,xld uy

nexl=j úiska úksuh md,k fr.=,dis l%ñlj ,sys,a

ls¯u;a iuÛ fm!oa.,sl iud.ï 28 la úfoaYSh

wruqo,a iïmdokh i|yd 2012 jifr® ° wÆ;ska

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wdfhdack iy fláld,Sk fjf<| Khj,ska

iukaú; jk fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fláld,Sk

m%d.aOk ,eîï i;=gq∞hl uÜgul mej;=◊'

Á ,xldfõ fldgia fjf<|fmd< flfrys

wdfhdaclhskaf.a úYajdih jr®Okh ùu ms<sìUq

lrñka fld<U fldgia fjf<|fmd< 2011 jifr®

° jdr®;d l< t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 171 l Y=oaO úfoaY

úksuh f.ùï m%udKh yd iei£fï ° 2012 jifr® °

Y=oaO úfoaY ,eîï t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 305 la olajd

ie,lsh hq;= f,i by< .sfhah' fld<U fldgia

fjf<|fmdf<ys ,ehsia;=.; uQ,H fiajd iy iuQy

jHdmdr hk wxYj, iud.ï jir ;=< ° jeä ,eîï

m%udKhlg ysñlï lshk ,°' fï w;r" fm!oa.,sl

fláld,Sk fjf<| Kfhys 2011 jir ;=< jdr®;d jQ

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 243 l Y=oaO f.ùï yd iei£fï

° Lksc f;,a ixia:dj úiska mshjk ,o fjf<|

Kh m%udKh by<hdu fya;=fjka 2012 jifr® °

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 663 l Y=oaO f.ùï m%udKhla

jdr®;d úh'

jd◊‚c nexl=

úksuh md,k fr.=,dis l%ñlj ,sys,a ls¯u;a

iuÛ jir ;=< ° jd◊c nexl= u.ska ,nd.;a

úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh ie,lsh hq;= f,i jr®Okh

úh' 2012 jir wjidkh jk úg jd◊c nexl=

i;= úfoaYSh j.lSï m%udKh t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk

4"801 la olajd t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"435 lska jeä úh'

jd◊c nexl=j, uqΩ j.lSï m%udKfhka ,xld

nexl=j úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk

500 l ne∫ïlrho we;=<;a †.=ld,Sk Kh m%udKh

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 973 la úh' fï w;r" jd◊c

nexl= i;= úfoaYSh j;alï 2012 jir wjidkfha

° t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"480 la olajd t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 239 lska jr®Okh úh' fï wkqj" 2011 jir

wjidkfha ° jdr®;d jQ jd◊c nexl= i;= Y=oaO

úfoaYSh j.lSï m%udKh jk t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk

2"125 yd iei£fï ° 2012 jir wjidk jk úg th

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 3"321 la olajd by< .sh w;r"

tA wkqj 2012 jifr® ° jd◊c nexl=j, Y=oaO ,eîï

m%udKh t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"196 la úh'

f.jqï ;=,kh

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m%;sm;a;suh ;SrKj, idr®:l;ajh fya;=fjka 2012

jifr® ° f.jqï ;=,kfhys t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk

151 l w;s˙la;hla jdr®;d úh' fuu m%;sm;a;suh

;SrK u.sska we;s l< idOkSh n,mEu" 2012 jifr®

fojk ldr®;=fõ isg wdkhk úhou wvqùu;a iuÛ

fjf<| .sKqfï ysÛh ie,lsh hq;= f,i my; jeàu

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.sKqïj, by< .sh ,eîï o iuÛ cx.u .sKqfï ysÛh

ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvqùug fya;= úh' cx.u .sKqfï

ys;lr ;;a;ajh" m%d.aOk iy uQ,H .sKqfï fYaIh

o iuÛ 2011 jifr® t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 1"061 la jQ

f.jqï ;=,kfha ysÛhg idfmalaIj 2012 jifr®

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jr®Okh ùug Wmld¯ úh'

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,o m%;sm;a;s iuq∞h" úksuh md,k fr.=,dis

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i|yd nexl= iy iud.ï †˙.ekaùu iy rdcH

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jk jHdmD;s hgf;a uq∞ ye¯ï iy cd'uQ'wruqof,a

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10 l

dr®;= 0

3

11 l

dr®;

= 03

08

ldr

®;= 0

4

09

ldr

®;= 0

4

10 l

dr®;= 0

4

11 l

dr®;= 0

4

12 l

dr®;= 0

1

12 l

dr®;= 0

2

12 l

dr®;= 0

3

12 l

dr®;= 0

4

t'c

'fvd,

r® ì

,shk

uqΩ úfoaYSh ixÑ; o< ks, ixÑ;

144

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ta wkqj" o< ks, ixÑ; m%udKh wdishdkq ksYaldIK

ix.ufha fYaIhka rys;j& 2011 jifr® jdr®;d jQ

t'c'fvd,r® ì,shk 6 l isg 2012 jir wjidk jk

úg t'c'fvd,r® ì,shk 6'9 la olajd by< .sfhah'

o< ks, ixÑ;j, by< hdug wu;rj" jd◊c

nexl=j, o< úfoaYSh j;alï m%udKh by<hdu

fya;=fjka rfgys uqΩ úfoaYSh ixÑ; m%udKh

^wdishdkq ksYaldIK ix.ufha fYaIhka rys;j&

2011 jifr® mej;s t'c'fvd,r® ì,shk 7'2 isg 2012

jir wjidkh jk úg t'c'fvd,r® ì,shk 8'4 la

olajd jr®Okh úh'

ixÑ;j, m%udKd;aulNdjh ms<snò

or®Ylj,ska fmkajkqfha by< .sh ks, ixÑ;

uÜgu u.ska ndysr lïmkhka flfrys rfgys

wj∞ku wvq jQ njhs' wdishdkq ksYaldIK

ix.ufha fYaIhka rys;j o< ks, ixÑ;

m%udKh cd;Hka;rj ms<s.;a wdkhksl udi 3

l iïu; m%udKh yd iei£fï°" 2012 jifr® °

wdkhksl udi 4'3 lg iudk úh' o< ks, ixÑ;"

fláld,Sk ^jirla fyda thg wvq l,a ms¯ula

iys;& úfoaYSh Kfhys wkqmd;hla f,i .ekSfuka

ukskq ,nk ixÑ;j, m%udKd;aulNdjh 2011

jir wjidkfha ° jdr®;d jQ ishhg 60'6 l isg

2012 jifr® ° ishhg 63 la olajd jr®Okh úh'

úfoaYSh ixÑ;j, ie,lsh hq;= jr®Okhla is≥

jqjo" fláld,Sk Kfhys idfmalaI jr®Okh"

úfYaIfhkau NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy NdKavd.dr

ne∫ïlrj, by< hdu fya;=fjka ixÑ;

m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd;h iqΩ m%udKhlska muKla

by< .sfhah' cd;Hka;r jr®.SlrKhkag wkqj

ixÑ; m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd;h .Kkh ls¯u

i|yd Ndú;d lrk fláld,Sk Kh ;=<" l,a

ms¯fï ld,h jirlg jvd jeä jqj;a NdKavd.dr

ne∫ïlr o wka;r®.; fõ' ta wkqj .;a l<" 2012

jir wjidkh jk úg" úfoaYSh ysñld˙;ajh iys;

Á ,xldfõ NdKavd.dr iq/l=ïm;a tl;=fjka ishhg

80 la iukaú; jQfha m˙K; ùfï ld,h jir 1 isg

20 olajd mrdihla ;=< jQ NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj,sks'

fï w;r" 2006 fkdjeïnr® udifha ° NdKavd.dr

ne∫ïlr fjf<|fmd< úfoaYSh wdfhdack i|yd

újD; ls¯fï isg 2012 jir wjidkh olajd

NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj, uqΩ úfoaYSh wdfhdack

m%udKh t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 4"255 la jQ w;r" thska

ishhg 15'3 la ^t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk 652 la& muKla

l,ams¯ug fmr" jir 1 l ld,iSudjla ;=< ° wdmiq

,ndf.k we;' fuu wkqmd;h idfmalaI jYfhka

by< w.hla f.k we;af;a uQ,slju f.da,Sh uQ,H

wr®nqoh W.% jQ 2008 jifr® w. Nd.fha ° t'c'fvd,r®

ñ,shk 307 l NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlr l,ams¯ug

fmr iS>%fhka uqo,a njg m˙jr®;kh lr we;s

neúks' ta wkqj" f.da,Sh uQ,H wr®nqofha n,mEu

neyer ls¯u i|yd 2007 iy 2008 jir bj;a lr

.Kkh l<fyd;a" 2009 isg 2012 olajd jir 4 l

ld,iSudj i|yd w∞< jk wkqmd;h ishhg 8'3 la

olajd îshhg 15'3 l isg& my< hkq we;s w;r" ;u

wdfhdack l,amsfrk ;=re ;nd.ekSug NdKavd.dr

1' rch

2' uy nexl=j

3' uqΩ ks, ixÑ; ^1›2&

4' jd◊c nexl=

5' uqΩ úfoaYSh ixÑ; ^3›4&

6' o< ks, ixÑ; u.ska wdjrKh l<

yels wdkhksl udi .Kk

6'1 fjf<| NdKav

6'2 fjf<| NdKav yd fiajd

7' uqΩ ixÑ; u.ska wdjrKh l< yels

wdkhksl udi .Kk

7'1 fjf<| NdKav

7'2 fjf<| NdKav yd fiajd

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk ^wd&ysñld˙;ajh

remsh,a ñ,shk

uQ,h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j^w& ixÑ; .Kkh lr we;af;a fjf<|fmd< jákdlu wkqj jk w;r" wdishdkq ksIaldYk ix.ufha .sKqï fYaIh o we;=<;afõ'

^wd& YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ cd;Hka;r ixÑ;fha iuyr YSr®Ihka cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, iu`. tlÛ jk ,o ksfhdack wkqmd;slhg

wkqj m˙jr®;kh lr we;s w;r b;s˙h jr®Ihka wjidkfha jQ úksuh wkqmd;slhskag wkqj m˙jr®;kh lr we;'

^we& ;djld,sl

101 113 88 615 631 11,411 12,920 9,747 70,088 80,209 2,301 5,244 7,109 6,133 6,474 260,297 599,880 788,722 698,528 823,256 2,402 5,357 7,196 6,748 7,105 271,708 612,799 798,469 768,616 903,465 1,238 1,673 1,424 1,241 1,480 140,075 191,373 158,031 141,394 188,195 3,640 7,030 8,621 7,989 8,585 411,783 804,173 956,500 910,010 1,091,660 2.0 6.3 6.4 4.0 4.4 1.8 5.5 5.7 3.6 3.9 3.1 8.3 7.7 4.7 5.4 2.8 7.2 6.8 4.3 4.7

2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 20102012 ^we& 2012 ^we&2011 2011

5'9 ixLHd igyk

YS% ,xldfõ úfoaYSh ixÑ; ^w&

145

úfoaY

Sh w

xYfh

a m%j

K;

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5


ixÑ; m%udKd;aulNdjh ks¾Kh lsÍfï idïm%odhsl ñkqï

iy tajdfha ÿ¾j,;d

wkQj oYlfha w. Nd.fha we;s jQ wdishdkq uQ,H

wr®nqofhka iy uE; ld,Sk f.da,Sh uQ,H wr®nqofhka

miqj" wkfmalaIs; ndysr lïmkhkaf.ka we;s jk

n,mEu wju lr .ekSug;a úksuh wkqmd;slfha

ia:dhS;djh ;=<ska úfoaYSh wxYfha l%shdld˙;ajh

Yla;su;a ls¯ug;a m%udKj;a ixÑ; uÜgula

mj;ajdf.k hdfï jeo.;alu fndfyda rgj,a úiska

m%;HlaI lr .kakd ,°' by< ixÑ; uÜgula mj;ajd

.ekSfï jdis fukau Rcq iy jl% wjdis o we;'

úfYaIfhkau" by< wdjia:ßl ms˙jeh iy iqNidOk

wjdis ie,ls,a,g .;a úg" °r®> ld,hla mqrd wê ixÑ;

mj;ajdf.k hdu jr®;udkfha ° jeo.;a m%;sm;a;suh

lreKla njg m;aj we;'

ixÑ;j, m%udKd;aulNdjh weia;fïka;= ls¯u i|yd

fmd≥fõ ms<s.;a ;ks ñkqï oKavla fkdue;s jqjo" ta

i|yd rgj,a úiska ixÑ; u.ska wdjrKh lr.; yels

wdkhk" fláld,Sk Kh" iy uqo,a iuia;hka ^Wod(

M2& hk m%Odk idïm%odhsl l%u ;=k mqΩ,a jYfhka

fhd∞ .kq ,nk w;r" ta iòyd wka;r®cd;sl iïu;hka

f,i ms<sfj<ska wdkhk udi 3 la" fláld,Sk úfoaY

Khj,ska (STD) ishhg 100 la iy uqo,a iuia;hkaf.ka

ishhg 20 la wdjrKh lr.; yels ùu m%udKj;a

njg ms<sf.k we;' fláld,Sk úfoaYSh Kh ishhg

100 la wdjrKh ls¯fï ñkqu" uQ,H wjYH;d i|yd

úYd, jYfhka úfoaY uQ,H fjf<òfmd< u; rπ

mj;sk rgj,a uqyqK fok wj∞kï ;;a;ajhka ú.%y

lrk neúka" jvd;au ;SrKd;aul ñkqu f,i ie,fla'

flfia jqjo" fuu ñkqï l%u" kHdhd;aul wdlD;sj,ska

jHq;amkak l< iïu;hkag jvd yqfola idudkH wdr®:ßl

úoHd «kh u; mokï jQ ir, or®Yl jk w;r" tn∫

ñkqï l%uj, wjOdkh fhduqjkafka úfoaYSh wxYfha

hï iSñ; me;slvj, we;sjk wj∞ku flfrys mu◊'

tfia jqjo" fuu idïm%∞hsl ñkqï l%u tajdfha ir, nj

iy úksúoNdjh fya;=fjka" ;ks ;ksj fyda lsysmhla

jYfhka" ksrka;rj Ndú;d flfr®'

uE; ° w;a≥gq wdr®:ßl wr®nqoj,°" fndfyda rgj,a

úiska ks¯laIKh lrk ,o lreKla jQfha idïm%∞hsl

ñkqïj,ska olajkq ,nk ixÑ;j, m%udKd;aulNdjh"

ndysr lïmkhkaf.ka wdrlaId ùu i|yd m%udKj;a

nj ;yjqre flfrk wdldrfha ±ä iïnkaO;djhla

fkdue;s njh' fuu lreK" fndfyda rgj,a ish ixÑ;

ms<sn| ;SrKj, ° tn∫ idïm%odhsl ñkqï m˙YS,kfhka

neyer lrùug fya;=jla ù we;s w;r" thg úi∫ula

f,i" cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, ^cd'uQ'w'& úiska rgj,a

w;r ixÑ; m%udKd;aulNdjh ;lafiare ls¯ug ndysr

lïmk fya;=fjka yg.kakd wr®nqo ld,m˙Éf√oj,°

úfoaY úksuh wvqùu ie,ls,a,g f.k jvd;a mqΩ,a

mokula iys; wj∞kï u; nr ;eîfï kj l%uhla

uE; ° fhdackd lrk ,°'

cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, úiska fhdackd l< wjodkï u;

nr ;eîfï ixÑ; m%udKd;aulNdjh iïnkaOfhka jQ kj

l%ufõoh

ke.S tk fjf<|fmd< wdr®:ßlhkays ixÑ;

m%udKd;aulNdjh w.h ls¯u i|yd International Monetary Fund (2011) u.ska zwj∞kï u; nr ;eîfïZ

l%ufõohla fhdackd lr we;s w;r" th w†hr follska

iukaú; fõ' Á ,xldj i|yd o fhd∞ .; yels fuu

kj or®Ylh" f.jqï ;=,k wjYH;djka i|yd ixÑ;j,

Wmfhda.S;dj iy øjYS,;dj ms<sìUq lrñka" uqΩukskau

mdfya wdrlaIK fÉ;kdfjka ixÑ; mj;ajd .ekSu

iïnkaOfhka wjOdkh fhduqlr we;'

m<uq w†hfr® °" fuu l%uh uQ,sl jYfhka úksuh

fjf<|fmd< mSvkhka (Exchange Market Pressure)1 we;s wjia:djkaj,° ks¯ÈKh l< úfoaY úksuh

wvqùu u; weia;fïka;= l< wj∞ku i|yd ;enQ nr

u; mokïj f.dvk.k ,o w;r" fuh ia:djr iy

mdfjk úksuh wkqmd;sl hk l%u folu i|yd fjk

fjku is≥ lrk ,°' cd'uQ'w' úiska tfia úksuh wvqùu

i|yd n,mE yels úfYaI uQ,dY% y;rla y∫kdf.k we;'

tajd kï" zwmkhk bmehqïZ ^X& wvqùu" zfláld,Sk

KhZ ^STD& kej; ksl=;a fkdls¯u" zúúO wdfhdack

j.lSïZ ÔPL& i|yd l< f.ùï iy zmqΩ,a uqo,a

iemhquZ ^M2& u.ska ukskq ,nk m%d.aOk m%jdy ráka

msgg .,d hdu fõ' ta wkqj w∞< úksuh wkqmd;sl

l%uh i|yd wj∞kï u; nr ;eîfï l%ufõoh hgf;a

wjYH ixÑ; uÜgï ^tkï" ixÑ; wjYH;djh& my;

i|yka m˙† wr®: olajd we;'

ixÑ; wjYH;djhîa:djr&

10]*X › 30]*STD ›

15]*OPL› 10]*M2 ^1&

ixÑ; wjYH;djh^mdfjk&

5]*X › 30]*STD ›

10]*OPL› 5]*M2 ^2&

1 úia;r iòyd Weymark (1995) n,kak'

úfYaI igyk 9 úfoaY ixÑ; m%udKd;aulNdjh w.h lsÍu i|yd kj m%fõYhla

146

úfoaY

Sh w

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5


cd'uQ'wruqof,a l%ufõofha fojk w†hfr® °" tlS úksuh

wkqmd;sl l%uh hgf;a kj or®Ylhg idfmaÈj rgla

i;=j ;sìh hq;= m%udKj;a o< ks, ixÑ; ô'ks'i&

uÜgu ^tkï" ixÑ; m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd;h& my;

iólrK fol wkq.ukh ls¯u u.ska ;SrKh flfr®'

ixÑ; m%udKd;aul;d

wkqmd;h îa:djr&

o'ks'i'$ixÑ; wjYH;dj îa:djr&

* 100 ^3&

ixÑ; m%udKd;aul;d

wkqmd;h

^mdfjk& o'ks'i'$ixÑ; wjYH;dj

^mdfjk& * 100 ^4&

kj l%ufõoh wkqj ixÑ; m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd;h

i|yd jQ lvbï iSudj weia;fïka;= ls¯fï ° rgla

úiska mj;ajd.; hq;= m%udKj;a ixÑ; uÜgu ksr®Kh

lr .ekSu i|yd cd'uQ'w úiska miq.sh wdr®:ßl wr®nqo

wjia:djka flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkq ,enQ w;r"

wr®nqo je<elaùu" wr®nqo uev mj;ajd .ekSu iy

ks¯laIKh lrk ,o ixÑ; wvqùu u; mokï jQ

l%ufõo ;=kla Wmfhda.s lrf.k we;' ta wkqj" fuu

or®Ylfhka ishhg 100 - ishhg 150 l muK mrdihla

;=< ixÑ; mj;S kï" th ke.S tk fjf<|fmd<

wdr®:ßlhka i|yd m%udKj;a hehs ie,lsh yels nj

cd'uQ'w' úiska fhdackd lr we;'

wjodkï u; nr ;eîfï kj l%uh wkqj YS% ,dxldfõ

úfoaY ixÑ;j, m%udKd;aulNdjh

Á ,xldfõ úfoaY ixÑ;j, m%udKd;aulNdjh ksr®Kh

ls¯u i|yd (Samaratunga and Perera, (forthcoming)) cd'uQ' wruqof,ys wj∞ku u; nr ;eîfï kj l%uh

fh°fï ° X, STD, OPL iy M2 úp,Hhka i|yd

2003 jifr® isg 2012 jir olajd ld,m˙Éf√ohg

w∞< jdr®Isl o;a;hka fhd∞ .kakd ,°' X úp,Hh

u.ska fjf<| NdKav wmkhk bmehqï ±lafjk

w;r M2 i|yd mqΩ,a uqo,a iemhqu i,ld n,k ,°'

STD weia;fïka;= ls¯fï° NdKavd.dr ì,am;a iy

NdKavd.dr ne∫ïlrj,g wu;rj fjf<| Kh" nexl=

wxYfha j.lSï iy m˙K; ùug we;s b;s˙ ld,h

jirla fyda Bg wvq jQ rcfha iy fm!oa.,sl wxYfha

ishÆ ue† yd †.=ld,Sk Kh o i,ld n,k ,°' OPL

;=< m%Odk jYfhka fld<U fldgia fjf<|fmdf<ys

úfoaYSh fldgia ysñlï wka;r®.; fõ' ixLHd igyk

ú'i' 9'1 u.ska Á ,xldfõ o'ks'i' ixÑ;" iólrK ^1&

iy ^2& u.ska weia;fïka;= lr .;a ixÑ; wjYH;dj

iy iólrK ^3& iy ^4& u.ska weia;fïka;= lr .;a

ixÑ; m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd;h ±lafõ'

Á ,xldj 2001 jifr® isg ks, jYfhka mdfjk

úksuh wkqmd;sl l%uh wkq.uk lrk rgla jqjo

cd'uQ' wruqof,a idud‚l rgj, úksuh wkqmd;sl

l%u ms<sn| .eUqre úYaf,aIKhla is≥lrkq ,nk

Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions" 2003-2012 jdr®;d u.ska Á ,xldj iuyr

jirj, ia:dhs úksuh wkqmd;sl l%uhla (Stabilised Arrangement-SA) wkq.ukh lr we;s rgla f,i

jr®.SlrKh lr we;' hïlsis rgl úksuh wkqmd;slh

wju jYfhka udi 6 la ;=< ° uOH wkqmd;slhla

jgd ±1] l mgq mrdihla ;=< WÉpdjpkh fjñka

mej;=◊ kï tu rg jvd;a ia:dhS wkqmd;sl l%uhla

wkq.ukh lrkq we;ehs mejfia' fï iïnkaOfhka Á

,xldj iòyd is≥lrk ,o úYaf,aIKfha°" 2008" 2010

iy 2011 jirj, ° t'c'fvd,rhg tfrysj Á ,xld

remshf,a ffoksl t;eka úksuh wkqmd;slh ±1] l

mrdihla ;=< muKla WÉpdjpkh jQ nj ks¯laIKh

l< yels jQfhka fuu jir ;=k ;=< ° Á ,xldj

jvd;a ia:dhS úksuh wkqmd;sl l%uhla wkq.ukh lr

we;s nj ie<lsh yelsh' ta wkqj ixLHd igyk ú'i'

9'1 weiqfrka f;dard.;a ixÑ; wjYH;d wkqmd; ^2008"

2010 iy 2011 jr®Ihka i|yd ia:djr úksuh wkqmd;sl

l%uh hgf;a o fiiq jr®Ihka i|yd mdfjk wkqmd;sl

l%uh hgf;a o& rEm igyk ú'i' 9'1 u.ska b†˙m;a

lr we; ^w∞< jr®Ihka i|yd jQ úksuh wkqmd;sl

m%;sm;a;sh FL iy SA j,ska olajd we;&'

rEm igyk ú'i' 9'1 u.ska fmkakqï lrk m˙† 2008

iy 2011 jirj, ° yer wfkl=;a jirj,° Á ,xldfõ

ixLHd igyk ú'i' 9'1

ia:djr iy mdfjk úksuh wkqmd;sl l%u hgf;a ixÑ; m%udKd;aulNdjh

jir

o< úfoaY

ixÑ;

t'c'

fvd,r®

ñ,shk

ixÑ; wjYH;dj

t'c'fvd,r® ñ,shk

ixÑ; m%udKd;aul;d

wkqmd;h ]

ia:djr

úksuh

wkqmd;slh

hgf;a

mdfjk

úksuh

wkqmd;slh

hgf;a

ia:djr

úksuh

wkqmd;slh

hgf;a

mdfjk

úksuh

wkqmd;slh

hgf;a

2003 2"147 1"789 1"212 120'0 177'1

2004 1"834 1"962 1"308 93'5 140'2

2005 2"458 2"407 1"641 102'1 149'7

2006 2"526 2"795 1"917 90'4 131'7

2007 3"063 3"371 2"398 90'8 127'7

2008 1"594 3"542 2"497 45'0 63'9

2009 5"097 4"221 3"097 120'7 164'5

2010 6"610 5"186 3"744 127'5 176'6

2011 5"958 6"397 4"714 93'1 126'4

2012 6"877 6"867 5"125 100'2 134'2

uQ,hka( Á ,xld uy nexl=j iy Samaratunga and Perera (forthcoming)

147

úfoaY

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K;

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2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

wjodku u; nr ;eîfï kj l%uh wkqj ixÑ; m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd;

rEm igyk ú'i' 9'1

ishhg

ixÑ; m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd;h mdfjk úksuh wkqmd;sl l%uh

m%udKd;aul;d mrdih ^100]-150]& ia:dhS úksuh wkqmd;sl l%uh

FL

FL FL FL FL

SA

FL

FL -

SA -

SA

SA

FL

ixÑ; m%udKd;aulNdjh" kj or®Ylfha m%udKd;aul

iSudfõ wju uÜgu jk ishhg 100 lg jvd mej;

we;' 2008 jifr® m%udKd;aul;d wkqmd;h wvqùu

i|yd f.da,Sh uQ,H wr®nqoh yuqfõ rfgys ixÑ;

my<hdu fya;= úh' 2011 jifr® °" ixÑ; wvqùu iòyd

uQ,sl jYfhkau fya;= jQfha f.ùug kshñ; jQ Lksc

f;,a wdkhk ì,am;a wêl m%udKhla mshùu ;=<ska

foaYSh fjf<|fmd< ;=< úfoaY úksuh i|yd wêl

b,aÆula we;sùu iukh ls¯u i|yd úfoaY ixÑ;

Ndú;d lr.ekSuhs Á ,xld uy nexl= jdr®Isl jdr®;dj"

2011&'

idïm%odhsl l%uh iy wjodku u; nr ;eîfï kj l%uh

wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ ixÑ;j, m%udKd;aulNdjh iei£u

rEm igyk ú'i' 9'2 u.ska fmkajd fok m˙†"

idïm%∞hsl iy kj l%uj,g idfmalaIj Y%S ,xldfõ

úfoaY ixÑ;j, m%udKd;aulNdjh .Kkh ls¯u

i|yd mj;akd ixÑ; m%udKh" fláld,Sk úfoaY

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kj or®Ylfha ishhg 100 lg iudk úfoaY ixÑ;

wjYH;djh iuÛ ixikaokh flfr®'

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fláld,Sk Kh hk idïm%∞hsl l%uh iuÛ iei£fï

° wvq uÜgul mej;sh o" cd'uQ wruqof,a wj∞ku u;

nr ;eîfï kj l%uh wkqj iei£fï ° mj;akd ixÑ;

2008 iy 2011 hk jr®Ihkays ° yer ishhg 100 l

wju lvbï iSudjg jvd wêl uÜgul mej; we;' tu

ksid" cd'uQ' wruqof,a kj l%ufõohg wkqj n,k l,"

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úfoaY úksuh ixÑ; uÜgula mj;ajd .ekSug iu;aù

we;'

uQ,dY%(

1. International monetary Fund, (2011), "Assessing Reserve Adequacy",

Washington DC.

2. Samaratunga, Dimuthu and Perera, Anil, (forthcoming) "Demand for and

Adequacy of International Reserves in Sri Lanka", Staff Studies, Central

Bank of Sri Lanka.

3. Weymark, Diana (1995), "Esimating Exchange Market Pressure and

the Degree of Exchange Market Intervention for Canada," Journal of

International Economics, 39:273-295.

idïm%odhsl l%uh iy wjodku u; nr ;eîfï kj l%uh hgf;a ixÑ; wjYH;djg tfrysj

mj;akd i;H ixÑ; m%udKh

rEm igyk ú'i' 9'2

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

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2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

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kj or®Ylfha 100] lg iudk jk úfoaY ixÑ; wjYH;djh ^2008"

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jk w.hka&

fláld,sk úfoaYSh Kh 100] g iudk jk ixÑ;

ne∫ïlr wdfhdaclhka nyq;rhla jvd leu;s

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fláld,Sk Khj,ska bj;a l<fyd;a" ixÑ;

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ishhg 73'7 isg 2012 jifr® ° ishhg 81'7 olajd

jr®Okh jkq we;'

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,nd.;a iómia: Kh myiqlu 2012 jifr®

cq,s udifha ° idr®:lj wjika úh' cd;Hka;r

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wvqls¯u" WoaOukh ;ks wxlhl uÜgñka mj;ajd

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wkqu; l< úfYaI .ekqï ysñlï ^ú'.e'ys'& ì,shk

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iómia: Kh myiqlu wdmiq f.ùu 2012 Tlaf;danr®

ui wdrïN l< w;r" 2017 wfm%a,a ui jk úg

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;=< ° Á ,xldfõ iaffj¯;aj Kh fY%a◊.; ls¯u

by< uÜgul mj;ajd .eks◊' µsÉ fr®áka.aia

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iy úfoaYSh jHjydr uqo,a Kh meyer ye¯fï

wjodku iïnkaOfhka jk fY%a◊.; ls¯ï

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fY%a◊.; ls¯ï iïnkaOfhka jk ±lau ;j≥rg;a

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jHjydr uqo,a ms<sn| iaffj¯;aj Kh fY%a◊.;

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úfoaYSh jHjydr uqo,a iaffj¯;aj Kh fY%a◊.;

ls¯u iïnkaOfhka jk ±lau §Okd;aul¶ Positive& uÜgfï isg §ia:djr¶ ^Stable) uÜgu olajd

2009

2010

2011

2012

iDK

ia:dhS

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ia:dhS

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ia:dhS

ia:dhS

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Ok

BB+B+B+

B+B+BB-BB-

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uQãia fY%a◊.; ls¯fï wdh;k

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2012 jifr® ° ue† yd †.=ld,Sk Kh

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jifr® t'c'fvd,r® ì,shk 28'4 la olajd ishhg

13'8 lska jr®Okh jQ w;r" uqΩ úfoaYSh Kh m%udKh

o'foa'ks'fha m%;sY;hla f,i .Kkh l< úg" 2011

jifr® ° ishhg 42'2 g idfmalaIj 2012 jifr® °

ishhg 47'9 la úh' rch fj; ue† yd †.=ld,Sk Kh

f,i iy rcfha iq/l=ïm;a fjf<|fmd< wdfhdack

f,i by< úfoaY úksuh m%udKhla ,eîu uqΩ

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úh' ue† yd †.=ld,Sk úfoaYSh Khj,ska ishhg 81 la

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iuÛ 2012 jifr® ° rdcH wxYfha fkdmshjQ Kh

m%udKh ishhg 7 lska jeä úh' fï w;r" rdcH

2009-cq,s-24

2009-fkdjeïnr®-06

2010-cqks-28

2010-iema;eïnr®-24

2011-fmnrjd˙-3

2011-wfm%a,a-4

2012-wfm%a,a-2

2012-cq,s-20

tl;=j

m<uqjeks

fojeks iy

;=kajeks

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2,669 2,251 3,393 4,385 5,233 301,950 257,575 376,418 499,507 665,472 1 227 228 229 205 64 26,042 25,322 26,047 26,024 1,861 1,763 2,578 3,366 4,801 210,531 201,696 286,052 383,427 610,494 1,112 937 1,538 2,263 3,227 125,797 107,224 170,636 257,803 411,595 - - - - 2,127 - - - - 271,307 - - - - 1,100 - - - - 140,288 749 826 1,040 1,103 1,574 84,734 94,471 115,415 125,624 198,899 808 261 586 790 228 91,355 29,837 65,044 90,032 28,954

15,107 18,662 21,438 25,002 28,441 1,709,159 2,134,654 2,378,598 2,984,019 3,753,884 17,775 20,913 24,830 29,387 33,674 2,011,109 2,392,229 2,755,015 3,483,526 4,419,356

11,148 11,914 13,174 14,482 15,251 1,261,304 1,362,806 1,461,729 1,649,492 1,939,381 740 708 1,516 426 313 83,703 81,025 168,151 112,387 101,660 705 1,146 1,838 2,899 3,490 79,722 131,103 203,888 330,253 443,836 169 719 1,311 1,718 2,510 19,079 82,201 145,410 195,693 319,006 885 1,077 985 1,539 2,039 100,145 123,178 109,271 247,818 334,976 4,129 5,349 6,008 8,322 10,070 467,157 611,916 666,566 947,883 1,280,497

37.1 44.4 43.3 42.2 47.9 38.8 44.1 42.4 45.6 49.5 6.6 5.4 6.8 7.4 8.8 6.8 5.3 6.7 7.6 8.8 43.7 49.7 50.1 49.7 56.7 45.6 49.5 49.2 53.2 58.3 3.6 7.4 5.3 6.7 8.1 3.7 7.3 5.2 6.9 8.1 10.1 12.7 12.1 14.1 16.9 10.6 12.7 11.9 14.5 16.9

8.2 14.8 10.5 13.4 14.4 8.2 14.8 10.5 12.9 13.9 15.0 10.8 13.7 14.9 15.5 15.0 10.8 13.7 14.3 15.1

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2008 2009 2010 2011^w& 2012 ^wd& 2008 2009 2010 2011^w& 2012 ^wd&

5'12 ixLHd igyk

fkdmshjd b;ssßj we;s úfoaYSh Kh iy nexl= wxYfha úfoaYSh j.lSï

wxYfha uqΩ úfoaYSh Khj, m%;sY;hla f,i 2011

jir wjidkfha ° ishhg 66 la jQ iyk∞hS fldkafoais

hgf;a ,o Kh m%udKh" 2012 jir wjidkfha

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t'c'fvd,r® ì,shk 1 l jákdlñka hq;a miajk

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ld,hla iys; jQ fuu ne∫ïlr ksl=;=j" Á ,xld

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m%.;shla f,i ie,lsh yelsh'

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yd cx.u ixl%du

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1,826 2,009 1,853 1,739 2,879 277,297 230,616 208,984 192,613 368,115 1,375 1,652 1,234 1,030 1,889 228,488 189,621 138,941 114,285 242,341 77 95 46 11 60 8,582 10,941 5,238 1,238 7,100 1,298 1,557 1,188 1,018 1,829 219,906 178,680 133,703 113,047 235,241 807 940 665 789 1,372 166,433 107,880 74,932 87,754 176,617 300 307 92 95 128 32,548 35,109 10,406 10,406 16,535 191 311 431 135 329 20,925 35,691 48,365 14,887 42,089 450 357 619 709 991 48,809 40,995 70,043 78,328 125,774 11 6 7 10 36 1,173 644 803 1,081 4,707 440 351 612 700 954 47,636 40,351 69,240 77,247 121,067 10,115 8,977 11,100 13,643 13,562 1,095,679 1,031,289 1,254,021 1,508,565 1,729,033 13,102 12,500 15,592 19,314 19,921 1,419,565 1,436,578 1,761,613 2,135,356 2,538,587 18.0 22.4 16.7 12.7 21.2 25.3 22.4 16.7 12.8 21.3 17.2 21.3 16.2 12.6 20.5 24.4 21.2 16.2 12.6 20.6 13.9 16.1 11.9 9.0 14.5 19.5 16.1 11.9 9.0 14.5 13.3 15.3 11.5 8.9 14.0 18.8 15.2 11.5 8.9 14.0 1,361 1,497 1,219 1,474 2,202 226,399 171,834 136,411 162,507 281,982 74.5 74.5 65.8 84.8 76.5 81.6 74.5 65.3 84.4 76.6


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5 úfoaYSh wxYfha m%jK;d iy m%;sm;a;sdfe.lk/web/images/downloads/annual_reports/si/chapter_5_si.pdf · 5'1 iuia; ksÍlaIK,xld uy nexl=j iy rch úiska 2012 jir wdrïNfha ° l%shd;aul