- - . , . . (4., 10. . . .) (Jul. Valerius, Leo Archipresbyter), (5/6 . . .), , , , , , . . 2 . . 3 . . ., (: recensio vetusta, W. Kroll). , , , , . . (, , , L), (yz, , , ), (., = Ri., F, E ). , , , (. . , , , . .) . , 17 (. . .) . , . , ( 17 !) , , , / , . . , . ! , . , , , . .

, , .. [ Kln R. Merkelbach, : U. von Lauenstein, H. Engelmann, F. Parthe ( I, II, III )], H. van Thiel (), F E II (V. Konstantinopulos), S.Reichmann (Byz. Ged) Oxford University D. Holton (Rimada), (G. Veloudis H.-G. Beck).

, () , ., :

4

, . 1 : , 2 : . . 2 : . . , (. . : Th. Nldeke, W. Wagner, C. Mller, H. Meusel, Fr. Pfister, W. Kroll, R. Merkelbach : J. Trumpf, H. van Thiel, S. Reichmann, L. Bergson, H. Engelmann, U. von Lauenstein, H. Parthie, H. Gleixner, G. Veloudis, A. Lolos, K. Mitsakis, D. Holton . .).

3 : . .

4 : . . . (:.) ., . . F (: . Lolos V. Knstantinopoulos, 15 . .). . . . , , Sigla ., , .

5 : , . , 3. 42 . 6 : , (5 ): ( )

, . F, (. . E, V, K, , Ri, .). 7 , . 8 : ( , ). 9 : , , , . . , , .

(Specimina) . .

SUMMARY The romance by the well-known Pseudo-Callisthenes about the life and the military-political work of Alexander the Great has been translated from time to time

from Greek into a lot of foreign languages, like for example into Latin (4th, 10th

century AD), into various revisions (Jul. Valerius, Leo Archipresbyter), Armenian (9th

century AD), Syriac, Ethiopic, Persian, Hebrew, Slavic, Arabic etc. In the Greek

language, according to the hitherto known data, the oldest text, a, goes back to the 2nd

century BC until the 3rd century AD (A: recensio vetusta, W. Kroll). However, there is

a series of revisions of this first Greek text which date back to various periods of time,

their dating of course not being certain, and correspond to the great periods of the Greek literature e.g. the early Byzantine period (, , ), the middle period (yz, , , ), the late period (., Ri., F, E and many others). Based on their language peculiarities, the content and other elements, their exact dating may not be possible,

because the developments in the Greek language at various levels (e.g. phonetics,

morphology, syntax, semantics etc.) cannot be controlled due to coincidences or due

to extended relative linguistic phenomena or due to lack of fixed data. It is difficult or

even impossible to state with certainty which of these few Greek revisions that are

extended chronologically over 17 centuries of continuous testimony of the Greek

language formed the basis of the various foreign translations or even which of the

foreign translations texts were used complementary in other foreign translations (e.g. the Syriac for the Ethiopian and further for the origin of the Arabic etc.) surly, it is a

difficult or impossible to be formulated undoubtedly. The fact though that the Greek

revisions are distributed into such a long period of time is of great importance as the

scholar of these texts comes in contact with the Greek language in a lot of its phases.

The scholar receives substantial practice as he/she must get to know the Greek

language in its such long (for 17 centuries!) course with remarkable linguistic

changes, where knowledge of ancient Greek is not sufficient for studying these texts,

of course also for studying the foreign translations deriving from these texts, but a

thorough knowledge of the Greek language is required both of the Hellenistic as well

as of the Christian / Byzantine and of the late Byzantine period, that is in other words,

of the Greek language diachronically. Almost all known Greek and foreign revisions

have been studied and published. The identifications and generally their kinship

relations or their origin relations have been highlighted by the specialized researchers

some times convincingly and other times with probability and doubts.

Until now little has been written about the Arabic translation, because the text

of this translation was not published until now; consequently, it was not possible to

have a meaningful and systematic study of this translation, the Arabic, and of its

relationship to the Greek texts of the various revisions or of those of their foreign

translations. This thesis seeks to fill this gap.

It is a fact that almost all the Greek revisions and most of their translations

constituted topics of theses, which were submitted as doctoral dissertations at various

universities in Europe; the supervisors were the best specialist Hellenists, e.g. the revision [a doctoral dissertation at the University of Cologne supervised by R.

Merkelbach, submitted by U. von Lauenstein, H. Engelmann, F. Parthe (books , , , consecutively)], H. van Thiel (), F part II (V. Konstantinopoulos), S. Reichmann (Byz, Ged) or D. Holton (Rimada) at the University of Oxford, at the

University of Munich (G. Veloudis supervised by .-G. Beck). The whole thesis, as it shown (also) in the table of contents, consists of several

chapters and subchapters etc., which in particular contain the following study topics:

PART I

This part is divided into 3 chapters with the following study chapters which

function as a general and a special introduction to the whole subject of this thesis.

Chapter 1: It deals with the issue of sources, which is divided into 2 categories:

a) The known historical sources. Chapter 2:

b) The mythical sources. Reference is compendious as these topics have been studied adequately and

thoroughly by the great founders of the romance (e.g. the older: Th. Nldeke, W.

Wagner, C. Mller, H. Meusel, Fr. Pfister, W. Kroll, R. Merkelbach and the younger:

J. Trumpf, H. van Thiel, S. Reichmann, L. Bergson, H. Engelmann, U. van

Lauenstein, H. Parthie, H. Gleixner, G. Veloudis, A. Lolos, K. Mitsakis, D. Holton

etc.).

Chapter 3: It analyzes the issue of the myths about Alexander the Great and attempts

to approach the detection of their relations based on the research data.

Chapter 4: It attempts to present the Arabic translation and to place it within the

general body of the Pseudo-Callisthenes romance texts about Alexander the Great.

Reference is made to the manuscripts (: mss) of the Arabic translation and in this

regard it is explained why the mss used in the present publication were selected. The

relationship of the Arabic translation to the other related texts is determined in several

columns for supervisory purposes. It seems that the Arabic translation has closest

proximity with the posterior Greek prose revision F (: . Lolos V. Konstantinopulos, 15th century AD). For this reason the issue of the language of this

Modern Greek revision is discussed. Furthermore, the relationship of the Arabic

translation to the Syriac and the Ethiopian translations is studied. In the same chapter

information about the various manuscripts of the Arabic translation, the principles of

publishing, the Sigla of the mss, the used abbreviations and the notes, which

supplement the Arabic translation with its vis--vis translation in the Modern Greek

language, are provided.

PART II

Chapter 5: This part deals with the Arabic translation, the accompanying notes and

its Modern Greek translation. The principles according to which the notes were

composed, the translation and its vis--vis collation in Modern Greek are explained in

A 3. This part comprises 42 chapters.

PART III

Chapter 6: This part deals with the comments on the text, i.e. on the Arabic

translation (Chapter 5): the text commentary (the Arabic translation commentary),

concerning its completeness or its various deviations from its possible source, i.e. the

posterior Greek revision F, or in some cases from the other revisions of about the

same period (e.g. E, V, K, , Ri, etc.).

PART IV

Chapter 7: The summary of the whole thesis in Greek, English and Arabic is

provided.

Chapter 8: In this Chapter Tables (of the passages of ancient writers, of the revisions

and of the younger researchers) are provided.

Chapter 9: Various Tables follow as stated in the Table of Contents. Afterwards,

both the general bibliography, which was utilized for the acquisition of thorough

information on the great and interesting issue of the romance of Alexander the Great

by Pseudo-Callisthenes, and the special bibliography, which was utilized in the form

of the multiple references contained in this thesis, in the introduction and the

commentary on the Arabic translation of the romance, are provided.

Finally, this work closes with the Specimina of various sheets of the Arabic

translation mss in order to corroborate the accuracy of its publication.

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103 6, 4 26, 2-23

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105 7, 15-17 26, 23-27, 18

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107 8, 1-20 27, 18-28, 12

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109 9, 7-19 28, 12-17

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121 13, 17-14, 12 32, 4-13

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123 15, 1-12 32, 14-33, 5

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125 ------- 33, 5-25

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129 22, 10-23, 1f. 34, 17-35, 6

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131 25-27 35, 6-18

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133 28, 1-12 -------

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135 29-30, 1 -------

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137 30, 1-31, 12 35, 19-36, 1

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139 32 36, 1-22

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141 ------- 36, 22-37, 20

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147 33, 8-36, 9 38, 25-39, 17

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149 36, 12f. 39, 17-40, 4

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153 37, 9-16 40, 16-41,8

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155 37, 17-38, 8 41, 8-27

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157 38, 8-39, 20 41, 27-42,17

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165 43, 15-44, 8 44, 15-45,12

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167 44, 8-14 45, 12-46, 1

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187 ------- 52, 18-53, 8

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189 47, 16-48, 14 53, 9-24

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225 77, 12-78, 1 66, 1-25

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227 78, 2-16 66, 25-67, 17

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253 58, 6-21 71, 6-18

271, 19-29 54, 16-31

255 ------- 71, 18-22

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257 ------- 71, 22-72, 10

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259 ------- 72, 10, 15

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275 60, 1-9 73, 17-74, 7

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277 60, 9-13 74, 7-28

276, 19-26 60, 32-61, 18

279 60, 14-15 74, 28-75, 16

276, 26-39 61, 18-33

281 60, 16-61, 8 75, 16-76, 5

276, 39-277, 20 61, 34-62, 7

283 61, 8-62, 9 76, 5-26

277, 20-278, 1 62, 7-63, 7

285 62, 10-63, 8 76, 26-77, 6

278, 1-17 63, 8-25

287 63, 8-64, 19; -------

278, 17-38 63, 26-64, 11

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289 67, 5-68, 4 77, 7-13

278, 38-279, 20 64, 11-26

291 68, 4-70, 5 77, 13-15

279, 20-22 64, 26-65, 14

293 70, 6-17 77, 15-21

279, 22-28 65, 14-66, 3

295 70, 18-71, 4 77, 21-30

279, 28-280, 3 66, 3-24

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111-117:

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119: 215,

120: 218

120: 219, -

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297 71, 5-72, 13 77, 30-78, 4

280, 3-34 66, 24-67, 13

299 72, 13-73, 2 78, 4-13

280, 34-281, 7 67, 13-31

301 73, 2-73, 5 78, 13-16

281, 7-32 67, 31-68, 5

303 73, 5-11 78, 16-25

281, 32-282, 11 68, 5-15

305 73, 11-17 78, 25-79, 3

282, 11-26 68, 15-31

307 73, 17-74, 8 79, 3-10

282, 26-28 68, 31-69, 8

309 74, 8-75, 14 79, 10-20

282, 28-30 69, 8-21

13 24, 2 79, 10-20

282, 30-36 162-163

15 25, 2 -------

283, 1-12 163-164

17 25, 3-5 -------

------- 164-165

19 27-28,1 -------

------- 166-167

21 28, 2-4 -------

------- 168-169

23 28,5 -------

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133-136:

228-235

140-141:

247-249,

136-140:

236-246

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119-122:

IX-X

126-127:

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XI-XIII

190-196

197-212

346-349

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19

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(232-252).

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(252-254).

------- 169-170

25 29, 3-5 -------

------- 171-172

27 30, 1-2 -------

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29 30, 3-4 -------

------- 173-174

31 ------- -------

------- 174-175

33 ------- -------

------- 175-176

35 ------- -------

------- 176-177

37 ------- -------

------- 177-178

39 11, 1 -------

------- 179

41 31, 2 -------

------- 180

43 31, 2 -------

------- 181

45 31, 3-4 -------

------- 182

49 31, 5 -------

------- 183-185

51 32, 2-8 -------

------- 185-186

53 32, 9-33, 1 -------

------- 186-187

55 33, 2-3 -------

------- 188

57 33, 4.35, 1 -------

------- 189-190

59 35, 2 -------

------- 190-191

61 36, 1 79, 24

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274

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140-141:

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63 36, 2 80, 1-15

------- 194-195

65 34, 1 -------

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73 36, 5 80, 17-24

283, 1-34 196-197

75 36, 5 -------

283, 34-284, 11 198-199

77 ------- -------

284, 11-22 199-200

79 ------- 80, 27-81, 3

284, 23-285, 6 201-202

81 ------- -------

285, 6-19 203-204

83 ------- -------

285, 19-23 204-205

85 ------- -------

285, 33-286, 6 205-206

87 ------- -------

286, 7-14 207-208

89 ------- 81, 3

286, 14-30 208-209

91 37, 2 81, 6-14

286, 31-287, 4 210

93 37, 3 81, 17-22

287, 4-29 210-211

95 37, 3 81, 23-82, 5

287, 30-42 212

97 ------- 82, 6-12

268, 1-16 212-213

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149-150:

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262

151: 266, -

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339-341

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353

21

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(288-290)

,

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(290-294).

99 ------- 82, 14-83, 2

288, 16-38 213-214

101 38, 2-3 --------

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103 39, 1 --------

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105 39, 1 -------

------- 221

107 39, 3-6 -------

------- 223

109 39, 7 -------

------- 222, 224

111 40, 1-2 -------

------- 224-225

113 40, 3-4 -------

------- 226

115 40, 4 -------

------- 227-228

117 41, 1 -------

------- 229

119 41, 2 -------

------- 230-231

121 41, 3, 5 -------

------- 232

123 41, 4 -------

------- 233

125 41, 1-2 -------

------- 234

127 42, 3 -------

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286

22

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------- 235

129 42, 3 -------

------- 236-237

131 ------- -------

------- 239

133 42, 4 -------

------- 239

135 43, 1 -------

------- 240

137 43, 1 -------

------- 242

139 43, 2 -------

------- 243-244

141 43, 2 -------

------- 244-245

143 43, 2-3 -------

------- 246-247

145 43, 3-4 -------

------- 248-249

147 43, 4-5 -------

------- 249-250

149 ------- -------

------- 250-251

151 43, 6 -------

------- 252-253

153 44, 1 -------

------- 253-254, 257

23

155 ------- -------

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157 ------- -------

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159 ------- -------

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161 ------- -------

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163 ------- -------

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165 ------- -------

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167 ------- -------

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169 ------- -------

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170 ------- -------

------- 265-266

171 ------- -------

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173 ------- -------

24

------- 268

175 ------- -------

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177 ------- -------

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179 ------- -------

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181 ------- -------

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183 ------- -------

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185 ------- -------

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187 ------- -------

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189 ------- -------

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191 ------- -------

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193 44, 3 83, 3-15

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25

195 44, 3 83, 15-84, 4

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197 44, 4 84, 5-12

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199 46, 1-2 84, 13-85, 4

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201 46, 4 85, 4-23

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203 ------- 85, 23-86, 10

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205 ------- 86, 10-27

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195 ------- 86, 29-87, 18

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28

, , , , , (, ) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (, ) , , , , , (, ) , , , , , , , , / (, ) ,

, , , , , , , , (, ) , , , , (, ) , , , , (, ) , , , , , , , , , (, ) , , , (, , ) , , , , , , , , (, ) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (, )

29

, , , , , , , (, ) , , (, ) , , , , , , , , , (, ) , , , , , , , ,

03

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II. II. . Lycium Shawii Seyal arbores , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

34

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35

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40

. SPECIMINA