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文艺复兴时期绘画. 老布勒哲尔是荷兰画家。他的作品类别包括了绘画、雕凹版画和素描等，主题涵盖的范围包括从政治、社会讽刺到自然素描，从幻想寓意画到圣经故事画，无论哪一类，都显示出敏锐的观察力，以及突出细节的本领。. The Fall of the Rebel Angels , (1562), Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium. 老布勒哲尔最著名的是绘画作品，分为三类：幻想或寓意、风土人情及圣经故事。作品中显示出老布勒哲尔描绘日常生活景象的本领，说明了老布勒哲尔对农人生活的喜爱，也解释了为什么他有「农夫老布勒哲尔」的封号。. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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• 老布勒哲尔是荷兰画家。他的作品类别包括了绘画、雕凹版画和素描等，主题涵盖的范围包括从政治、社会讽刺到自然素描，从幻想寓意画到圣经故事画，无论哪一类，都显示出敏锐的观察力，以及突出细节的本领。
The Fall of the Rebel Angels, (1562),Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
• 老布勒哲尔最著名的是绘画作品，分为三类：幻想或寓意、风土人情及圣经故事。作品中显示出老布勒哲尔描绘日常生活景象的本领，说明了老布勒哲尔对农人生活的喜爱，也解释了为什么他有「农夫老布勒哲尔」的封号。
Dull Gret {1562}.Museum Mayer van den Bergh, oil on panel
• 他的观察力敏锐，但很容易被人误解为描写细腻的写实作品，他擅长于掌握精确的时刻中的动作。为了强调主题的动作，他排除了身体色调的层次，因此在他的农人里，找不到独特的人，他们几乎是一个模样﹝圆脸…﹞，他们的视觉效果端赖动作中呈现的本性和气质。老布勒哲尔的世界里喧闹占最大多数，如同永不休止的政治和宗教的骚动。
The Tower of Babel (1563),Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, oil on board
Winter Landscape with a Bird Trap (1565),Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
The Hunters in the Snow (1565) Dec-Jan, oil on oak panel,Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
The Gloomy Day {1565}, Feb-Mar, oil on wood,Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
The Harvesters (1565), Aug-Sept, oil on panel,Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
The Return of the Herd {1565} OCt-Nov, oil on oak panel,Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
The Wedding Dance (c.1566), oil on oak panel,The Detroit Institute of Arts
The Census at Bethlehem (1566), oil on wood panel,Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
Massacre of the Innocents, (c. 1565-1567),Brukenthal National Museum,Sibiu
The Land of Cockaigne (1567),Alte Pinakothek, an illustration of the medieval mythical land of plenty calledCockaigne
The Peasant Wedding (1568),Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
The Peasant Dance (1568),Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, oil on oak panel
The Peasant and the Nest Robber (1568),Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
The Beggars (The Cripples) (1568),Louvre, Paris, oil on panel
“The Procession to Calvary” 1564, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
Pieter Bruegel the Elder Wallpapers
Pieter Brueghel the Elder-Christus und die Ehebrecherin
Pieter Brueghel the Elder, The Wine of Saint Martin’s Day (work in process of restoration), ca, 1565-68. Private Collection Madrid
老布勒哲尔﹝ Pieter Bruegel the Elder l525 ﹞﹝~ 1569﹞
Pieter Bruegel the Elder - Winter Landscape with Skaters and Bird Trap
格吕内华德﹝ Matthias Grunewald 1470 ~ 1528﹞﹝ ﹞
• 格吕内华德是日耳曼画家最伟大而特出的艺术家之一。他担任过宫廷画家、建筑师和工程师，留传到今日的作品不多，全部是宗教画，代表作是替亚耳沙斯伊森海姆市﹝ Isenheim﹞修道院附设医院礼拜堂画的祭坛画。
• 这巨大的多翼式祭坛有两套翼板，描绘耶稣钉刑、基督复活、圣告等主题。这些场景的透视法技巧非常娴熟，意象却大致遵循末期哥德式风格，设色华丽而巧妙。这件祭坛画最动人的特色是情绪强烈而震撼人心，流露情绪的扭曲肢体，是一幅以「钉刑」为画作题材呈现所未见的肉体折磨惨状景象。他有不少素描传到今日，但是，他和大多数当代日耳曼大画家不同，似乎没有制作过版画。
格吕内华德﹝ Matthias Grunewald 1470 ~ 1528﹞﹝ ﹞
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• Hans Holbein died between 7 October and 29 November 1543 at the age of 45.Karel van Mander stated in the early 17th century that he died of the plague. Wilson regards the story with caution, since Holbein‘s friends attended his bedside; and Peter Claussen suggests that he died of an infection. Describing himself as "servant to the king's majesty", Holbein had made his will on 7 October at his home inAldgate. The goldsmith John of Antwerp and a few German neighbours signed as witnesses. Holbein may have been in a hurry, because the will was not witnessed by a lawyer. On 29 November, John of Antwerp, the subject of several of Holbein's portraits, legally undertook the administration of the artist's last wishes. He presumably settled Holbein's debts, arranged for the care of his two children, and sold and dispersed his effects, including many designs and preliminary drawings that have survived. The site of Holbein's grave is unknown and may never have been marked.
• 霍尔班是德国画家，可能是北欧最善于心理刻划的写实肖像画家。他早年的肖像画显示出了他刻划人物特性的天赋，而他的宗教作品显出他是很冷酷的写实画家或装饰画家，而不是虔诚的宗教画家。
• 1526年，霍尔班第一次造访英国，并加入了摩尔爵士的社交圈，他为摩尔家人画了一幅肖像画，并描绘出家中周遭的背景，这在北方艺术中是前所未有的。 1532年，他二度造访伦敦，霍尔班很成功地为许多外国商人画像，和外交圈来往并获朝廷的注意。之后他成为亨利八世的宫廷画家。由于宫廷画的需求量大，于是他改变方式，依据素描来画油画，而不再使用模特儿。他的肖像画，有等身大小的，也有画成纤细画﹝ miniature﹞的，比他早年的作品更简略，这是因为他强调细节，及根据素描作画，使他对画面的处理与感受比较不敏锐了。Portrait of the MerchantGeorg Gisze, 1532. Oil and tempera on oak,Berlin State Museums
小霍尔班﹝ Hans Holbein the Younger 1497-1543﹞﹝ ﹞
Jane Small, portrait miniature,c. 1540.Bodycolour onvellum,Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Design for a chimney-piece,c. 1538–40. Pen and black ink with grey, blue, and red wash on paper,British Museum, London
Portrait ofAnne of Cleves,c. 1539. Oil and tempera onparchment mounted on canvas,Louvre, Paris
• 杜勒﹝ Albrecht Durer 1471 ~ 1528﹞﹝ ﹞• Albrecht Dürer (German pronunciation:[ˈalbʁɛçt ˈdyːʁɐ]; 21 May 1471 – 6 April 1528)[1] was a
German painter,printmaker,engraver,mathematician, andtheorist fromNuremberg. His prints established his reputation across Europe when he was still in his twenties, and he has been conventionally regarded as the greatest artist of theNorthern Renaissance ever since. His vast body of work includes altarpieces and religious works, numerous portraits and self-portraits, and copper engravings. Hiswoodcuts, such as the Apocalypse series (1498), retain a more Gothic flavour than the rest of his work. His well-known works include theKnight, Death, and the Devil (1513),Saint Jerome in his Study (1514) andMelencolia I (1514), which has been the subject of extensive analysis and interpretation. Hiswatercolours mark him as one of the first Europeanlandscape artists, while his ambitious woodcuts revolutionized the potential of that medium.
• Dürer's introduction ofclassical motifs into Northern art, through his knowledge ofItalian artists andGerman humanists, has secured his reputation as one of the most important figures of the Northern Renaissance. This is reinforced by his theoretical treatises, which involve principles of mathematics,perspective andideal proportions.
• 杜勒是北欧艺术的宗师，也是第一位到意大利学画的德国画家。他的作品中以版画最具影响力，尤其是木刻版画和铜板画最为出色。
• 杜勒是日耳曼一位金属工匠之儿子，他在十三岁时就能够画出精密的自画像，而成为西方绘画史上最早以写实方式记录自己容貌的画家。
• 十五世纪前后，欧洲艺术的中心还在意大利，文艺复兴的巨大成就使杜勒充满了憧憬与向往，因此他不惜长途跋涉，三次翻越阿尔卑斯山，向意大利的艺术大师学习，研究文艺复兴的构图、透视的技巧。因此，他将意大利文艺复兴的形式与理论传播到欧洲北部，并且成功的将文艺复兴的理念与哥德式的个人主义风格相结合。
• 杜勒在三次到意大利途中，都以极客观科学的精神，一丝不苟地将许多风景和生物的神态记录下来，因此，他也可能是西方绘画史上第一位对大自然做直接写生的画家。
• 当时日耳曼地区从东方传入印刷术，然后很快地发展成精密的版画技术。杜勒在这种环境之下成为一位很出色的木刻版画和铜板画家。他甚至以版画复制了自己的作品，编成一本作品集。
The earliest paintedSelf-Portrait (1493) by Albrecht Dürer, oil, originally onvellum (Louvre,Paris)
杜勒﹝ Albrecht Durer 1471 ~ 1528﹞﹝ ﹞
杜勒﹝ Albrecht Durer 1471 ~ 1528﹞﹝ ﹞
杜勒Albrecht Durer1471 ~ 1528
李常生 Eddie [email protected]数据源：视觉素养学习网、 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia、百度百科、拙风文化网谨向历史上所有的画家致敬。I have the honor to pay tribute to all the painters in the history.
