МИНИСТЕРСТВО ТРАНСПОРТА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ

ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕУЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«РОССИЙСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА (МИИТ)»

ИПССКАФЕДРА «ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЕ»

ПОСОБИЕ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ СТУДЕНТОВ

1 и 2 КУРСОВВСЕХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ИПСС

МОСКВА2018 г.

ОглавлениеИМЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ (NOUN).................................................................................................................4

Число имени существительного (Number)................................................................................................4

Род существительных (Gender)..................................................................................................................6

Падежи существительных (Cases)..............................................................................................................6

Артикли Articles)..........................................................................................................................................6

ИМЯ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ (NUMERAL)..................................................................................................................8

МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ (PRONOUN).........................................................................................................................10

ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ И НАРЕЧИЕ (ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB)..................................................................16

ГЛАГОЛ (VERB)...............................................................................................................................................20

Настоящее простое время (Present simple tense). Настоящее длительное время (Present continuous tense)..........................................................................................................................................................20

Будущее простое время (Future simple tense). Будущее длительное время (Future continuous tense)....................................................................................................................................................................23

Прошедшее простое время (Past simple tense)......................................................................................29

Прошедшее длительное время (Past continuous tense).........................................................................33

Настоящее совершённое время (Present perfect tense).........................................................................39

Настоящее совершённо-длительное время (Present perfect continuous tense)...................................41

Прошедшее совершённое время (Past perfect tense). Прошедшее совершённо-длительное время (Past perfect continuous tense)..................................................................................................................44

УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ (CONDITIONALS)..............................................................................................50

ПАССИВНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ (PASSIVE VOICE)...........................................................................................................55

ПРЯМАЯ И КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ (DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH)....................................................................60

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ (MODAL VERBS).....................................................................................................65

ИНФИНИТИВ (INFINITIVE). ИНФИНИТИВНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ «СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ» И «СЛОЖНОЕ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ» (INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS «COMPLEX OBJECT« AND «COMPLEX SUBJECT»)...............71

ПРИЧАСТИЕ (PARTICIPLE)..............................................................................................................................78

ГЕРУНДИЙ (GERUND)....................................................................................................................................85

ИНВЕРСИЯ (INVERSION).................................................................................................................................88

СЛОЖНОСОЧИНЕННЫЕ И СЛОЖНОПОДЧИНЕННЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ (COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES)....................................................................................................................................................90

ОТВЕТЫ:.........................................................................................................................................................96

Имя существительное (Noun)...................................................................................................................96

Имя числительное (Numeral)...................................................................................................................97

Местоимениe (Pronoun)...........................................................................................................................972

Имя прилагательное (Adjective). Наречие (Adverb)................................................................................98

Глагол (Verb). Настоящее простое время (Present Simple Tense). Настоящее длительное время (Present Continuous Tense).......................................................................................................................98

Будущее простое время (Future Simple Tense). Будущее длительное время (Future Continuous Tense)....................................................................................................................................................................99

Прошедшее простое время (Past Simple Tense)....................................................................................100

Прошедшее длительное время (Past Continuous Tense)......................................................................102

Настоящее совершённое время (Present Perfect Tense)......................................................................103

Настоящее совершённо-длительное время (Present Perfect Continuous Tense)................................103

Прошедшее совершённое время (Past Perfect Tense). Прошедшее совершённо-длительное время (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)...............................................................................................................104

Условные предложения (Conditionals)..................................................................................................105

Пассивный залог (Passive Voice).............................................................................................................107

Прямая и косвенная речь (Direct and Indirect Speech)..........................................................................109

Модальные глаголы (Modals)................................................................................................................112

Инфинитив (Infinitive). Инфинитивные конструкции «Сложное дополнение» и «Сложное подлежащее» (Infinitive Constructions «Complex Object» and «Complex Subject»).............................114

Причастие (Participle)..............................................................................................................................115

Герундий (Gerund)..................................................................................................................................116

Инверсия (Inversion)...............................................................................................................................116

Сложносочиненные и сложноподчиненные предложения (Compound and Complex Sentences).. . .118

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ИМЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ (NOUN)I. Mark with N the nouns in the list:

1. headphone2. developments 3. physical4. harder5. tooth-brushes6. careless7. applicability8. preparation9. quick10. easiness

11. existence12. feelings13. departure14. regularly15. analysis16. proof17. advise18. renewal19. height20. famous

21. reliable22. inhabitant23. assisted24. technician25. independent26. width27. useful28. storage29. scientist30. optimistic

Число имени существительного (Number)II. Define the number of the nouns. Put Sg (Singular), Pl (Plural), Sg/Pl (Singular or

Plural):

1. people2. women3. analysis4. data5. antennae6. mice7. men8. crises9. criteria10. feet

11. daddies12. bushes13. teeth14. formula15. deer16. fish17. works18. series19. means20. news

21. trousers22. physics 23. scissors24. money25. glasses26. knowledge27. goods28. athletics29. advice30. contents

III. Write the plural form for the nouns:

1. army2. iron (утюг)3. sheep4. lunch5. voice6. deer7. knife8. roof9. child10. fish

11. works12. family13. gentleman14. lady15. hero16. box17. bus18. watch19. wolf20. chief

21. cliff22. Monday23. bacterium24. dictionary25. belief 26. zero27. dash28. alumnus29. delay30. leaf

IV. Write the plural forms of the borrowings from Ancient Greek and Latin:1. One analysis, two ____________2. One datum, two ___________3. One formula, two ___________4. One diagnosis, two ___________

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5. One antenna, two ___________6. One erratum, two ___________7. One crisis, two ____________8. One criterion, two _____________9. One phenomenon, two ____________10. One thesis, two ___________

V. Transform the plural forms of the nouns into the singular ones if possible:1. means2. news3. works4. feet5. goods6. chess7. Chinese8. physics9. jeans10. scissors

VI. Fill in the gaps. Use the plural forms of the nouns from the box:

calf deer baby child man fish diagnosis sheep radio knife

1. It is dangerous to play with very sharp ________.2. Baby cows are called _________.3. Mrs. Roger has three sons and three daughters, all in all six ________.4. Mr. Winchester is a collector of old _________. He loves to listen to them.5. I saw five ______ trying to cross the highway. They should be in the woods.6. ________ are animals that produce wool. They also give milk.7. The doctor made two ________ after analyzing the patient for two hours.8. Alan says that he needs three strong _____ to help him carry the refrigerator upstairs.9. Yesterday he caught four ______ in the river.10. Fourteen ________ were born on Tuesday at the hospital.

VII. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences. Write the correct sentences:1. I saw five big oxes near the cliffes.2. Womans usually live longer than mans.3. Ms. Lee sent three memorandums to the alumnuses of the college.4. Roberto is more than two feets taller but he is afraid of mouces.5. We need more knifes and forks as well as potatos and tomatos.6. Those peoples are walking like gooses.7. Andy’s beliefes are very conservative.8. We cut orangs in halfs and then ate it.9. Rain is a rather rare phenomena in the Sahara region.10. We have many datum concerning the present financial crises.

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Род существительных (Gender) VIII. Specify the feminine form for the nouns:1. student2. gentleman3. hero4. actor5. tiger6. writer7. wolf 8. friend9. poet10. chairman

Падежи существительных (Cases)IX. Write the word combinations with a noun in the possessive case:

Example: the income, the company - the income of the company; car, speed - car’s speed

1. the car, my sister2. the walls, his room3. their parents, place4. the darkest secret, Natalia5. the cupboard, the top6. my friends, hostel7. life, people8. a hard day, night9. three miles, distance10. the Financial times, the latest

reviews

11. the student, success12. today, e-mail13. my laptop, size14. his groupmates, assistance15. Max, presentation16. our friends, advice17. Paris, the most famous sights18. the duration, her report19. Russia, resources20. summer, average temperature

Артикли Articles)X. Insert the indefinite article (a/an) where necessary:1. Yesterday she got … e-mail. The e-mail was from her mother.2. I have … dog. The dog is black and white.3. There is … new collection of ancient treasures in the museum, I’d like to visit it!4. David has been dreaming about being … engineer since his childhood.5. If you lend me … few coins, I would buy … newspaper.6. Please don't scream, I’ve got … headache!7. He was late, I had to wait for him for half … hour.8. Would you like to go for … walk with me in the evening?9. As … rule he sleeps 8 hours … day.10. I wish you to have … good time in … Moscow.

XI. Insert the definite article (the) where necessary:1. I heard about an interesting film. … film is called “Departed”.2. … Earth is our home, we need to keep it clean for future generations.3. My friend Tom is … best student in our group.

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4. I wish I could play … piano!5. My dad likes to read … Times in ... mornings.6. ... animals, … plants and … humans can’t live without … water.7. My friends asked me to go to … cinema in … evening.8. We all think that everything will be different in … future.9. I had to turn to … right and then to … left to find … hotel I needed. Its name was …

Bowery Inn Hotel.10. … Lenina street is … most popular street name in … Russia.

XII. Use articles with the geographical names if necessary:1. … London is the capital of … United Kingdom.2. … lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.3. They plan to visit several countries during their vacation in … Europe: … France, … Italy,

… Netherlands, … Spain.4. … Saint-Petersburg is considered to be the cultural capital of … Russian Federation.5. The channel between England and France is called … English Channel.6. … Lena leads to … Arctic Ocean.7. … Iberian Peninsula is divided between 3 states: … Portugal, … Spain and … Andorra.8. … Sahara Desert and … Kalahari Desert are the largest deserts in … Africa.9. … Great Lakes consist of several lakes connected with each other: … Lake Superior, …

Lake Michigan, … Lake Ontario, … Lake Huron and … Lake Erie.10. … Urals are very old mountains and are famous for their mineral resources.

XIII. Insert articles (a/an/the) if necessary:1. Where did you go for _ holidays? — We went to __ Kamchatka. These were _ best holidays

I’ve ever had.2. Tom works as __ cleaner in _ school.3. _ apples are good for you.4. _ most people believe that _ marriage is _ essential part of every person’s life.5. Do you know _ people living _ next door?6. In my opinion government doesn’t do enough to help _ poor. They should create something

to help _ homeless and _ unemployed.7. She went to _ station to buy _ tickets for ___ our trip8. —Which river is _ longest in _ Russian Federation? — _Volga.9. _ Asia is larger than _ Africa, isn’t it?10. In _ morning we need to see _ doctor. I am afraid you have _ flu.

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ИМЯ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ (NUMERAL)I. Write the following cardinal numerals:1. 12 members2. 25 percent3. 92 accidents4. 136 participants5. 541 items6. 2.018 events7. 3.984 books8. 7.000.008 citizens9. 4.000.000.000 signs10. 6.000.000.000.000 stars

II. Do the sums. Write the answers in words, then write the sums in figures:1. fifty-seven and four equals _2. eighteen and seventeen equals _3. seventy-eight and fourteen equals –4. six hundred and fifteen and ninety-eight equals _5. seventy-five minus thirteen equals _6. two thousand twenty minus forty-six equals _7. ten multiplied by five equals _8. one hundred multiplied by sixteen equals _9. seventy-two divided by eight equals _10. five hundred fifty-five divided by five equals _

III. Transform into the ordinal numerals:1. fifty-one2. thirty-two3. twenty-three4. sixty-four5. forty-five6. thirty7. eighty8. two hundred9. five thousand10. billion

IV. Translate the following dates and write them in words:1. 31 декабря 20172. 6 июня 17993. 21 апреля 19264. 8 марта 20185. В девяностые годы 6. В двадцатом веке7. __.__.____ (дата Вашего рождения)8. В середине девятнадцатого столетия9. В третьем тысячелетии

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10. В начале восьмидесятых годов

V. Write the given fractions in words:1. ½ kilometre2. 2/3 ton3. ¾ mile4. 4/5 5. 9/106. 1/1007. 0.58. 23.45 %9. 70.58 %10. 53.789

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МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ (PRONOUN)I. Fill in the gaps with necessary personal pronouns:1. I work for my father. I help … in the shop. And he gives … some money. 2. We have two dogs. We often take … for a walk. We also take a ball and our dogs like to play

with …3. My mother works at the hospital.    … is a doctor. 4. My favorite subject is Maths.   … is very exciting.5. Pete is a good lawyer. Do you know …?6. Look at us.   … We so beautiful!7. Where are my things? I can’t find … .8. They are going to the beach. We can join … .9. I like Jane’s hair.   … is so thick and long.

10. These are my souvenirs.   … bought … in England.

II. Use pronouns instead of underlined words:1. Luke and I (____) met Amanda. Amanda (____) gave Luke and me (____) a letter for you. Take

the letter (_____).2. Mike and Lisa (_____) are leaving for London. I am taking Mike and Lisa (_____) to the airport.

The airport (_____) is far from their house.3. I’m calling Dan. I haven’t seen Dan (_____) for years. Dan (______) isn’t at work at the

moment. 4. Let’s go to the bookshop with Sam and me (_____). Sam and I (_____) need some books in

English Literature. The books (____) are necessary for our project.5. Here is our dog Cookie. Cookie (____) is hungry. I will feed Cookie (_____).6. Louisa is interested in dinosaurs. Louisa (_____) often reads books about dinosaurs (_____).

Louisa (______) usually buys books (______) online.7. Mum and Dad (_____) are going to give a pet (____) to my sister and me (_____) as a present.

My sister and I (_____) feel excited. 8. I saw Bob yesterday, but Bob (_____) didn’t see me because Bob (_____) seemed very worried.9. Men and women (_____) get together in this club to dance and listen to music. Men and women

(______) are all over 50 years old. 10. Jenny (_____) doesn’t have a lot of friends. Jenny (______) is not a confident person.

Ш. Choose the correct pronoun:1. Is this yours / your son?2. It's theirs / their problem, not our/ours.3. It's a good idea of your / yours to go to the cinema tonight.4. Are these her / hers trousers?5. We're going to the sports club with some friends of our/ours.6. Is it yours / your article about wild cats? -No, it's not my / mine.7. We know their / theirs address but they don't know our / ours.8. That's not my / mine bag. Mine / my is black.9. His cottage is bigger than her / hers but her / hers is nicer.10. My / mine parents live in Moscow region, and your / yours?

IV. Choose the correct pronoun:1. Whose shorts are these? Are they … (my, mine) or … (your, yours)? – They are … (her, hers) ones.2. … (Our, Ours) car is cleaner than … (their, theirs).3. Look at this young man. He is … (her, hers) son.4. It’s not … (her, hers) lipstick. … (Her, hers) is darker.

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5. … (My, Mine) life, … (my, mine) rules.6. Was … (your, yours) trip exciting? — … (My, Mine) was boring.7. Can I use … (their, theirs) hair-drier? — … (Our, Ours) is out of order.8. Mrs. Green is a friend of … (his, him).9. Sometimes she waters … (my, mine) plants and I water … (her, hers).10. I remember the street but I don’t remember … (it, its, her, his) name.

V. Find mistakes in some of the sentences and correct them:1. It isn’t ours (______) classroom.2. His (______) cake was very sweet.3. How many books are there on hers (______) desk?4. The lion hurt his (______) leg.5. Is this your (______) laptop?6. It’s my (_____) birthday party, not your (_______).7. Theirs (_______) teacher is younger than ours (_______).8. She is a friend of my (_______).9. The whole world is at her (_______) feet.10. Did you like mine (______) idea?

VI. Fill in the gaps with a correct word:1. This __________ is easy.     a) questions b) homework2. These ___________ are my neighbors.    a) women b) man3. What are you doing ________ afternoon? a) that b) this4. Who's ________ speaking?     a) this b) it5. These are my glasses and ________ are hers. a) those b) that6. We are going to the seaside __________ summer.  a) this b) that7. __________ man over there is a famous politician.a) These b) That 8. The weather is cold, put ______ trousers on.a) that b) those 9. Can I have a look at ______ red leather bag over there?a) that b) this 10. Try ______ cakes, I think they’re tastier than those ones.a) this b) these

VII. Fill in the gaps with this, these, that, those:1. ________ people over there are waiting for the bus2. The day I first came to Paris was wonderful. I will remember _______day for ever.3. I'm working as a guide _______days.4. Do you remember _______ winter when we all went to Europe?5. Hello! ________ is Bob. Can I speak to Larry, please?6. ________ is a new building and ________ one over there was built 120 years ago.7. _________ are my relatives. They have just arrived from Madrid.8. Who was ________ woman I saw you with last night?9. Do you want to sit on ______chair here or on ________ one over there?10. ________ sweets you gave me yesterday were very nice.

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VIII. Fill in the gaps with reflexive pronouns:1. The girl fell down and hurt __________.2. Tell me more about __________.3. He believes in __________.4. I am angry with __________.5. We are worried about __________.6. I saw everything __________.7. They did everything __________.8. Did you translate the poem __________?9. The knife was sharp, and she cut __________.10. They introduced __________.

IX. Choose the correct pronoun:1. There are several reasons where/ why I don’t want to meet him.2. All the representatives to whom/ who the e-mail was sent replied.3. This is the company where/ which I work.4. Isn’t that the village which/ where the poet was born?5. A very popular breed of dog is the German Shepherd what/ which is often used as a guard

dog.6. The new girl in our class who’s/ whose name is Ann, seems really nice.7. June 1st when/ where we celebrate Children’s Day, is a good and kind tradition.8. A new teacher, which/ who began working last week, made a lot of effort to make friends

with children.9. The human brain, which/ what weighs about 1400 grams, is ten times the size of a baboon’s.10. The unsinkable titanic sank on its first voyage, what/ which shocked the whole world.

X. Fill in the gaps with correct relative pronoun:1. Do you know the man ______ talked  to me?2. The peaches _____ are lying on the table are tasty.3. We will stay at a hotel ______ is next to the beach.4. That is the film _____ is very exciting.5. Do you know the man ______ I talked to?6. The peaches ______ you bought in the shop are tasty.7. We will stay at a hotel _______ my friend has recommended to us.8. That is the film ______ I like very much.9. The smartphone _____ cost 20000 roubles was lost.10. You will see the house _______ is opposite the petrol station. 

XI. Choose the correct option:1. Jenny lives in the USA now ______ near Chicago.a) anywhereb) somewherec) everywhere2. I don’t know ______ about birds.a) somethingb) nothingc) anything3. The police wanted me to tell ______ I knew.a) everythingb) somethingc) nothing

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4. There is _____ in the classroom, I’m afraid. It’s a long break.a) somebodyb) nobodyc) everybody5. There is no paper on the desk, I have ______ to write on.a) somethingb) anythingc) nothing6. ______ in his family likes reading. There are books _______.a) everybody/ everywhereb) somebody/ everywherec) nobody/ everywhere7. I didn’t know _____ about homework, _____ told me.a) nothing/ nobodyb) anything/ somebodyc) anything/ nobody8. I like the people here. _____ is very friendly.a) somebodyb) everybodyc) Nobody9. Can I take one of your books? – Of course. Take _____ you like.a) somethingb) anythingc) nothing10. Why are you standing? – There isn’t ______ to sita) nowhereb) somewherec) anywhere

XII. Fill in the gaps with necessary negative pronoun:1. ______ knew their address.2. He wrote me _____ about it.3. We saw ______ there.4. ______ expected his arrival.5. There are _____ hospitals in this street. 6. ______ of us will go there tonight.7. He has ______ telephone in his hotel room.8. _____ of us knew about his problems.9. _____ of them came to the meeting yesterday.10. ______ serious happened.

XIII. Fill in the gaps with (the) other, another, (the) others:1. I lost my bag, my pencil case and some _____ things.2. The town is on ______ side of the river.3.   You are wet through. Change into ______ clothes.4.   I must put on ______ jacket before going to the party.5. “Have you got any ______ books on the subject?”    “I am sorry, but there are no ______.”6.  Take this chair away and bring me ______.   7.   Give me _____ glove.8. “Is there _____ train to Moscow this evening?”   “Yes, there is one that leaves at midnight and there are two ______ that leave early in the morning”.9.   He took two books and left _____ on the table.

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10. I saw Michael just _____ day in Hyde Park.

XIV. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box:both  either  other  all  whole  neither  both each  neither  every 

1. _____ girls came late.2. They are _____ good students.3. _____ of them recognized me.4. _____ the students have passed their examinations.5. The ______ city was destroyed.6. _____ actor was given flowers.7. _____ student must attend the lectures.8. There are two tickets. You may take ______ of them.9. ______ of the pupils answered this question.10. He likes to read science fiction and doesn’t read ______ books.

XV. Choose the correct answer:1. Dear Mary, when you read …message I will be already on the board of plane.a) thatb) thisc) thesed) those2. The jury had to decide why he had committed … crime.a) thisb) thatc) thesed) those3. I am so happy! I can’t wait to see a new play at our theatre … is a new adaptation. a) thisb) thatc) thesed) those4. He saw a bike across the road … He didn’t know the model.a) thisb) thatc) thesed) those5. I’ve been looking for some good articles for my report. But … are difficult to find.a) thisb) thatc) thesed) those6. Can’t you throw away ... shoes over there? They’re very old!a) thisb) thatc) thesed) those7. I’ve been to Paris but I couldn’t work under ... weather conditions.a) thisb) thatc) thesed) those

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8. Let me introduce my wife. …is Carol.a) thisb) thatc) thesed) those9. Peter likes his childhood. He always recollects ... days with a smile on his face.a) thisb) thatc) thesed) those10. I think I won’t go abroad ... year.a) thatb) thisc) thesed) those

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ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ И НАРЕЧИЕ (ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB)I. Find and underline the adjectives:1. She knows him very well.2. This flat is very big.3. He is a good teacher.4. The boy is blue-eyed.5. He is a very good-looking young man.6. Her behaviour is childish.7. The fact is unknown.8. The sky is blue.9. The sun is bright.10. Her dress is sky-blue.

II. Form the adjectives with the help of prefixes and suffixes:1. child-2. dirt-3. friend-4. know-5. use-6. beauty-7. true-8. wood-9. hope-10. heart-

III. Define the quantity of the adjectives in each sentence:1. At Russian industrial enterprises the medical and health services concentrate on disease-

prevention work.2. They seek further to improve working conditions.3. The geography of health resorts has also changed.4. They went up not only in the traditional areas.5. The economic reform provided the opportunity to build more holiday centres.6. The popularity of these centres is very high.7. The centres are situated, as a rule, in the most picturesque localities.8. The number of beds in sanatoriums is constantly increasing.9. Many people prefer to spend their holidays in the vicinity of their place of residence.10. The leisure of the working people is one of the main concerns of the trade unions.

IV. Choose the adjectives with degrees of comparison. Write the degrees of comparison of the adjectives:

1. a light-red ribbon2. a good-looking man3. a friendly boy4. a right side of the street5. a very nice girl6. a little dog7. a good book

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8. useless information9. a tired tourist10. a narrow staircase

V. Choose the right variant:1. Many (foreign/ foreigner) tourists come to our country.2. London is (more bigger/ bigger) than Manchester.3. Students of our group will live in a (new/ more new) hostel.4. Yesterday a British delegation came to that (famouser/ more famous) city.5. This home task is (easyer/ easier) than his one.6. They achieved (greater/ great) success than before.7. (Victor’s/ Victor) brother works at a plant.8. His sister is (older/ more old) than he is.9. Minsk is (big/ bigger) as Kiev.10. I get up in the morning as (early/ earlier) as he does.

VI. Write the degrees of comparison:1. cold2. young3. hot4. sweet5. happy6. gay7. large8. white9. pure10. loving

VII. Underline the adverbs with one line, the adjectives with two lines:1. He studies very well.2. You are quite right.3. Where did you go yesterday?4. Let’s go upstairs.5. They moved slowly.6. She is very friendly.7. He is still young.8. The sun is bright.9. The car is going down.10. This is a hard task and you must work hard.

VIII. Find the adverbs and define their function in the sentence:1. Few, if any, countries are as heavily polluted as Japan.2. I have seen this before.3. He is still busy.4. The vessel is down.5. They had to work hard.6. Don’t speak so loudly.7. Ann often goes there.

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8. We walked home slowly.9. You speak too fast for me.10. Where are you going?

IX. Write the degrees of comparison of the following adverbs:1. carefully2. regularly3. early4. soon5. late6. loudly 7. awfully8. fast 9. cold 10. often

X. Choose the adverbs with irregular degrees of comparison and write the degrees of comparison:

1. soon2. awfully3. badly4. much5. well6. far7. far8. late9. carefully10. little

XI. Define what part of speech are the underlined words? Mark them with the right letter: a – adjective, n – noun.

1. My son goes to school.2. He likes to play football.3. We have a big school library.4. They watched a football match on TV.5. She lives in London.6. London streets are very narrow.7. He was a pioneer in that research.8. A pioneer camp is by the river.9. They presented her a gold watch.10. Winter sports are very popular.

XII. Mark the qualitative adjectives with the letter “Q”, the relative adjectives – with the letter “R”:

1. light-blue2. dirty3. wooden

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4. small5. American6. green7. difficult8. grammatical9. important10. British

XIII. Define the function of the underlined words in the sentence:1. I hope you had a good week-end.2. Happy birthday to you!3. Are you hungry?4. I’m more thirsty than hungry.5. The rich and the poor live in different parts of London.6. Martin thought of the past and dreamed of the future.7. He saw only the blue of the sky and the green of the sea.8. I’m very glad to see you.9. He is sorry to be late.10. Mike’s sister is very much alike.

XIV. Write the compound adjectives:1. polite, over2. pitch, dark3. grey, iron4. sky, blue5. dark, blue6. light, green7. red, hot8. good, looking9. known, well10. semi, sweet

XV. Insert the missing letters:1. r..ther2. big..er3. diffic..lt4. fri..ndly5. ch..ldish6. smal..7. f..irly8. us..ful9. ..nknown10. h..avy

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ГЛАГОЛ (VERB)

Настоящее простое время (Present simple tense).Настоящее длительное время (Present continuous tense)

I. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets:1. Every day Julie _______________ (take) the bus to go to her office.2. At the moment you _______________ (do) an English exercise.3. Tom and Julie _______________ (learn) English this year.4. The Bank __________________ (open) at 9.30 every morning from Monday to Friday.5. Our cousins ___________________ (come) to see us next Sunday.6. Tom ______________ (read) the newspaper every morning on the train.7. Julie usually __________________ (clean) the house on Saturdays.8. At the moment she _________________ (write) a letter to a client.9. Julie _________________ (speak) three languages:   English, French and Spanish.10. Today is Sunday. Tom and Julie _________________ (relax) in their garden.

II. Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Simple or Present Continuous):1. Look! He (leave) the house.2. Quiet please! I (write) a test.3. She usually (walk) to school.4. But look! Today she (go) by bike.5. Every Sunday we (go) to see my grandparents.6. He often (go) to the cinema.7. We (play) Monopoly at the moment.8. The child seldom (cry).9. I (not / do) anything at the moment.10. (watch / he) the news regularly?

III. Complete the story. Use Present Simple and Present Continuous:1. It (be) early in the morning.2. Sally (get) out of bed, (open) the window and (go) into the bathroom.3. Then she (have) breakfast.4. After breakfast, Sally usually (cycle) to school.5. After school, she (go) back home.6. Sally usually (eat) her lunch at home.7. In the afternoons, she first (do) her homework and then she (meet) her friends in the park.8. What (do / she) now?9. She (play) the guitar.10. Her friends (listen) and some of them (sing) along.

IV. Complete the sentences:1. His father (not to watch) TV at the moment. He (to sleep) because he (to be) tired. 2. Where your cousin (to work)? – He (to work) at school. 3. Your friend (to do) his homework now? 4. When you usually (to come) home from school? – I (to come) at four o’clock. 5. My mother (not to play) the piano now. She (to play) the piano in the evening. 6. You (to read) a magazine and (to think) about your holiday at the moment? 7. I (to sit) in the waiting room at the doctor’s now. 8. When you (to listen) to the news on the radio? 9. You (to play) chess now?

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10. My uncle (not to work) at the shop.

V. Complete the sentences:1. James (live) in a little village.2. He (be) in his last year at school.3. After school, James (want) to become a banker.4. So, this week he (do) a practical course in a bank.5. There (be) a bank in a nearby town, but James (have) to take the bus to get there.6. The bus (leave) at 5.30 in the morning and (return) at 8.15 in the evening.7. James (not / like) to spend so much time in town before and after work, waiting for the bus.8. Therefore, this week he (stay) with his aunt, who (live) in town.9. James usually (wear) jeans and t-shirts, but while he (work) for the bank now, he (wear) a suit

and a tie.10.He (go) to bed at about 8 o’clock every day.

VI. Decide whether each sentence is in Present Simple or not by writing Y, for “Yes, it is present simple” and N, for “No, it is not”:

1. I brush my teeth in the morning.2. We are starting the show tomorrow.3. I always wake up before the sun comes out.4. They start classes at 8 AM.5. Are you reading?6. I love to read.7. He drives to work.8. He is driving to work.9. They are always late.10. We are happy.

VII. Decide which form of the verb is the most appropriate for the sentence. Determine whether it is Present Simple or Present Continuous:

1. I make / am making my bed every morning.2. What’s that? A baby cries / is crying.3. My aunt is in South America. She calls / is calling every week.4. He goes / is going skiing in the Rockies every February.5. My mom always cooks / is cooking.6. I work / am working in the garden today.7. The neighbors visit / are visiting their family right now.8. Are you go / going to work today?9. Steve doesn’t have / isn’t having practice this week.10. Megan went to the movies. She watches / is watching a film.

VIII. Decide whether each sentence is in Present Continuous or not by writing Y for “Yes, it is present continuous” and N, for “No, it is not”:

1. Is he visiting his parents this weekend?2. He never stops talking.3. What are you doing?4. She is sleeping.5. Tom is loving this ice cream.6. They are driving to the game.7. I read every day.8. The dog likes to swim in the river.

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9. The students are not doing their homework.10. I am reading the book Lolita.

IX. Complete the sentence with either Present Simple or Present Continuous:1. He ___________(hate) snow.2. That brownie _______ (taste) really good.3. That backpack __________(belong) to me.4. Please be quiet. I ____________. (think)5. Joe __________(meet) friends after work tonight.6. She can’t take the call right now. She ________________(take) a shower.7. _____you ____________(read) a book?8. They ____________(love) traveling abroad.9. I __________(have) lunch. Can I meet with you later?10. Don’t throw that book away. Lori _______(need) it.

X. Match the statements A to J with 1 to 10:A. What do you do?B. What are you doing?C. Where do you work?D. Does your brother play the guitar? E. Where are you working?F. Is your daughter playing the piano?G. What language does she speak?H. What language is she speaking?I. Who drinks Champagne?J. Who's drinking Champagne?

1. Actually, that's the radio.2. I'm trying to fix this machine.3. I'm a journalist for The Times.4. I'm in Portsmouth this month.5. In an international company in Brighton.6. It sounds like Spanish to me!7. Me - Can I have some more?8. Spanish, she's from Barcelona.9. I would like to, but it's too expensive!10. No, the piano.

XI. Use the right tense: Present Simple or Present Continuous:Today is the second day of my trek around Mount Annapurna. I am exhausted and my legs ________ (shake); I just hope I am able to complete the trek. My feet ________ (hurt) me and my toes ________ (bleed), but I _________ (want) to continue. Nepal is a fascinating country, but I have so much to learn. Everything is so different, and I ________ (try) to adapt to the new way of life here. I ________ (learn) a little bit of the language to make communication easier; unfortunately, I ________ (not learn) foreign languages quickly. Although I _______ (not understand) much yet, I believe that I _________ (improve). Now, I _________ (travel) with David, a student from York University. He is a nice guy, but impatient. He always ________ (walk) ahead of me and __________ (complain) that I am too slow. I _________ (do) my best to keep up with him, but he is younger and stronger than me. Right now, David _________ (sit) with the owner of the inn. They _________ (discuss) the differences between life in England and life in Nepal. I _________ (not know) the real name of the owner, but everybody calls him Tam. Tam _________ (speak) English very well and he _________ (try) to teach David some words in Nepali. Every time Tam _________ (say) a new word, David _________ (try) to repeat it. Unfortunately, David also seems to have difficulty learning foreign languages.

XII. Fill in the gaps with the correct verb tense:1. Every Saturday, John (drive) ___________ his son to soccer practice.2. Usually, I (work) ____________ as a professor at the National University in Tokyo, but this

summer I (study) ___________ English in the United States. That’s why I am here in the U.S.3. Shhhh! Be quiet! The baby (sleep) ___________.4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It (rain) ______________.

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5. It always (snow) ____________ a lot during the winter.6. I'm sorry, but I can't hear what you (say) ____________. Everybody (talk) ____________ so

loudly.7. Maria currently (write) ___________ a book about her experiences in the U.S. 8. A: Do you want to go for a walk around the lake? I (need) ___________ some exercise. B: No, I

can't. I (watch) __________ my little sister.9. The business cards normally (be) ___________ printed by a company in San Francisco. Their

prices (be) ___________ inexpensive and the quality of their work is good.10. The children (eat) ___________ too much candy. They are going to be sick!

XIII. Use the right tense: Present Simple or Present Continuous:1. Ann __________ (work) for a TV station. 2. At the moment she _________ (travel) in the Sahara Desert. 3. Dan ___________ (love) wild animals. 4. He __________ (not visit) Alaska at the moment. 5. Marta ___________ (not live) in Africa. 6. She ___________ (stay) in Africa at the moment. 7. Dad usually ___________ (cook) dinner. 8. My parents ____________ (go) to Italy every year. 9. My sister ____________ (walk) to school every day. 10. We ____________ (have) lunch now.

XIV. Use the right tense: Present Simple or Present Continuous:1. Who is that man? What _____________ he _____________ (want)? 2. Who is that man? Why _____________ he _____________ (look) at us? 3. _____________ you _________ (believe) in God? 4. Gilbert says he is 80, but nobody _____________ (believe) him. 5. Every Monday Maite _____________ (drive) her kids to football practice. 6. Be quiet. Arturo _____________ (sleep). 7. Don´t forget to take your umbrella. It _____________ (rain). 8. I don´t like living in England. It always _____________ (rain). 9. Look! It _____________ (snow). We are going to have a white Christmas. 10. Maila _____________ (watch) TV every morning.

XV. Complete the following sentences using the Present Simple or Present Continuous tense form of the verb given in the brackets:

1. Wild animals ………… in forests. (live)2. We ………… on a picnic next week. (go)3. She can’t go out to play now because she …………… (do) her homework.4. We ………… Bangalore every summer. (visit)5. An honest person always …………… the truth. (speak)6. He …………. (have) his lunch.7. Some birds ……………. (migrate) every year.8. The rain ……………. (fall) from the clouds.9. A person who …………. (sell) vegetables is known as a greengrocer.10. We …………… with our eyes, …………. with our ears and …………. with our noses. (see,

hear, smell)

Будущее простое время (Future simple tense).Будущее длительное время (Future continuous tense)

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I. Put the verbs into Future Simple or Future Continuous:- Well, Alex. When I ... (come round) tomorrow? Is 6 p.m. OK?- Yes, I ... (wait) for you tomorrow evening but please, don’t come at 6. I think I ... (work) then.- OK. What time you ... (be) free?- I ... (paint) the portrait from 3 till 7 p.m. So, I ... (not be) busy at 7.30. Or maybe in the morning?- Sorry, but I’ve got an appointment with my dentist tomorrow morning. I’m afraid my doctor

still ... (fill) my bad tooth in the morning.- I see. Poor you! By the way, you ... (be) near the chemist’s?- Probably. It’s just round the corner from the clinic. I ... (pass by) it on my way to the dentist.- Could you buy this medicine for me, please?- Sure. No problem. So, I ... (see) you later. Bye.- What you ___________________(do) early on Monday night?- Will you have lunch with me on the 25th? – I’d love to, but I’m afraidI ___________________(do) exam then.

II. Put the verbs in brackets into Future Simple or Future Continuous:1. I ... (send) you a postcard from Spain.2. She ... (stay) at Sunrise Hotel if you need her.3. Miss Richards ... (attend) a lecture from 2 till 5 p.m. today.4. We ... (wash) those dirty dishes when we come home from work.5. I know that Jerry ... (stand) on the platform and ... (wave) his hand when our train arrives.6. Your dress ... (be) ready in half an hour.7. The New Year ... (start) at midnight.8. He ... (not return) to that island anymore.9. Sandra ... (enjoy) her vacation in a ski-resort at this time next year.10. I ... (not work) in the library tomorrow evening. 

III. Translate into English. Use Future Continuous:1. Сегодня в кино ты будешь сидеть со мной.2. Андрей будет ждать тебя возле гипермаркета в 4.3. Ты пообедаешь со мной завтра? – В это время я сдаю экзамен.4. Интересно, чем будут заняты дети, пока мы будем наслаждаться концертом.5. Как я узнаю Тома? На нем будет зеленое пальто.6. Интересно, будем ли мы все еще встречаться через год.7. Если ты ей расскажешь, она будет плакать.8. Чем ты будешь занят завтра в шесть?9. Уже через час Гриша будет работать в огороде.10. Давайте пойдем быстрее, через минуту начнется дождь.

IV. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate future form:1. There is going to be a bus strike. Everyone (walk) to work next 2. You've just missed the last train! ~ Never mind, I (walk).3. I'll ring you tomorrow at six. ~ No, don't ring at six; I (bath) the baby then. Ring later.4. Mother: Your face is dirty.

Child: All right, I (wash) it.5. Will you have lunch with me on the 26th? ~

I'd love to, but I'm afraid I (do) my exam then. 6. I (work) for Mr Pitt next week as his own secretary will be away.7. You (have) something to drink, won't you? 8. Why did you take his razor? He (look) for it everywhere tomorrow.9. I hope you'll do well in the race tomorrow. I (think) of you.

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10. Notice on board ship: In the event of an emergency all passengers (assemble) on the boat deck.

V. Future Simple or Future Continuous Tense?1. I don't like that man and I (not help) him.2. He (not meet) her, because they will be in different places.3. My husband (not cut) down the tree. He says that it is perfectly all right as it is.4. My husband (not cut) the hedge for some time, because he's got a lot of other jobs to do first.5. Tom (not come) to our party, because he will be away on that date.6. Peter says that he (not come) to our party. He doesn't approve of parties.7. She says that she (not lend) me the book, because I never give books back.8. Mr Pitt (not speak) at the meeting tonight, because he has unexpectedly had to go to hospital.9. I'll work under anyone except my brother. I (not work) under him.10. 10 We'll be in the same firm, but we (not work) together, because we'll be in

different departments.

VI. Complete the sentences with an appropriate future form. Choose between the Future Simple (will or be going to) and the Future Continuous. More than one answer may be correct:

1. You look hungry; I _____________ (make) you a sandwich.2. John and I probably ____________ (not / come) to the party because it looks like it __________

(rain).3. I can’t have lunch at 2:00 because I _____________ (have) an operation at that time.4. You ____________ (celebrate) your birthday at a beautiful restaurant and we ____________

(fly) on a plane to Europe.5. The class ____________ (take) an exam at 9:00 tomorrow morning.6. Promise me you __________ (not / call) before 10; I hate being woken up early!7. Sarah and Frank _____________ (go) to the gym after work today.8.  You guys ____________ (have) a great time in the Bahamas!9. I ____________ (sleep) when you arrive so please try to be quiet.10. When she arrives at the school tomorrow, Michael _________ (teach) the B2 class, Alex

___________ (administer) a test, and Denis____________ probably (talk) to a new student.

VII. Use the Future Continuous Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets:1. This time next month I (have)... a rest in Florida. 2. She (wait)... for you if you come out. 3. I am going to stay outdoors tomorrow because my brother (practise) ... the piano all day. 4. They (have)... an English exam at 10 a.m. in the room 31. 5. I’ve bought a new book and I (read) ... it the whole evening tonight. 6. We (revise) ... this material the whole month as a preparation for the exam. 7. When the taxi comes they ... still... (pack), I think. 8. Night after night she (sit)... in that empty room all alone. 9. Be careful. They ... (watch) you all the time. 10. Peter is very busy. Peter (fix)... his car the whole morning.

VIII. Read the situation and write your own sentence using Future Continuous:1. I don’t think they will come tomorrow. move to a new flat____________. 2. What are you going to do tonight? my friend/give a concert__________________. 3. My mother is coming by the 6 o’clock train.  I/ meet her at the station__________________. 4. My TV set is out of order.

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We/not watch this football match at 5 o’clock_______________. 5. Stay a little longer. They /show a new film for the next two hours________________. 6. I’m going to speak to you. I/ wait for you in the garden_________________. 7. Alice has caught a cold. She/not sing at this concert tomorrow________________. 8. Lucy has bought a ticket to London. She/go by train/at this time tomorrow_________________. 9. Don’t call at me tomorrow. I/paint the fence /all dav long _________________. 10. You can come to me tomorrow at day time. I/not study _________________.

IX. Open the brackets and use the proper tense forms:One day a young country girl went to town with a bucket of milk on her head. She said to herself: ‘When I 1. _________(come) to the market, I 2. _______ (sell) the milk at a high price and 3. ________ (buy) twenty eggs with the money. Out of these eggs I 4. ________ (grow) twenty chickens. As soon as the chickens 5. __________ (be) large enough I 6. ___________(sell) them and 7. __________ (buy) a new dress for myself. If the weather 8. ___________ (be) fine, if it 9. _________ (not/rain), I 10. __________ (put on) the dress and 11. ___________ (go) to the town.

X. Choose the right form of the verb:1. — Ann has broken her arm and stays at home.     — It’s a pity. I... her tomorrow.

a) will visit b) am going to visit

2. The film ... at ten o’clock, so I will be at home an hour later. a) will finish b) finishes

3. My elder sister ... home on Sunday. a) will arrive b) is arriving

4. It’s Easter party today. My mum has bought much food. She ... a lot of tasty dishes. a) will cook b) is going to cook

5. — My suitcases are very heavy for me.     — Really? I... you a lift.

a) will give b) is going to give

6. — Do you know their address?     — I don’t remember but I... for it in my note-book. 

a) will look b) am going to look

7. Your husband has bought a lot of wallpaper and paints. He ... the walls in the sitting room. a) will renew b) is going to renew

8. What time ... the next train for London ...? a) will... leave b) does ... leave

9. — Have you decided how to spend the money?     — Yes, I... a new car.

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a) will buy b) am going to buy

10. — Sorry, I’ve forgotten my phone.       — Don’t worry. I... you mine.

a) will give b) give

XI. Match part 1 and 2 with part a and b to make sentences:Example: 1 In ten years' time 2 If I cana) I will work for an IT company.b) more people will be working for IT companies. 1b, 2a1.1. I can take you to the airport 2. If you think it is shorter a) I'll be going that way. b) I'll go that way. ________ 2.1. Shall I say hello to her? 2. She should know about it. a) I'll write to her. b) I'll be writing to her. ________ 3.1. Will you go to sleep 2. Will you be sleepinga) when I return? b) when you return? ________ 4.1. He won't be here tomorrow. 2. He has no objections. a) He'll be signing the new contract. b) He'll sign the new contract. ________ 5.1. You can rely on him.2. You can't wait for him. a) He will be delivering the letters. b) He will deliver the letters. ________ 6.1. I'll be in the forest. 2. I must go to the forest. a) I'll cut the tree. b) I'll be jogging. ________ 7.1. He is late? 2. I'll talk to him. a) I'll drive him to school. b) I'll be driving him to school. ________ 8.1. They'll be doing some research 2. They'll do some research

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a) during their stay in London. b) if they find a sponsor. ________9. 1. My sister is such a hard-working student. If she studies hard, she...2. If Kate passes her exams, her parents... a) will be happy. b) will pass all her school exams. _________10.1. I'll come to the cinema...2. If it rains tomorrow morning, we...a) will to take our umbrellas.b) after I finish my homework. _________

XII. Complete the sentences with the best form:1. Shall I say hello to Sharon? I ....... to her today. a) write b) be writing c) will be writing 2. Can I help you? I ........ you that blouse. a) will be showing b) will show c) won't show 3. Good Lord! The engine has stopped. - No problem. Bill ........ a look at it. a) is having b) will have c) will be having 4.Why don't you have dinner with us? I ........ anyway. a) will be cooking b) am cooking c) cook5.This time next week we ........ round the Aegean Sea. a) sail b) will be sailing c) will sail 6. If you take three cassettes, you ........ one cassette free.a) are going to get b) are getting c) will get7. I ........ my work before they arrive. a) will be finishing b) finish c) will finish 8. By the end of this century everyone ........ English. a) will be speaking b) is going to speak c) speak9. Let’s go swimming after school. - Sorry, I ……. basketball with Sally and Miko. a) will play b) am playing c) will be playing10. If he doesn’t drive more carefully, he ……. an accident.a) will have b) will be having c) is having

XIII. Put the verbs into the correct form:1. Roma __ (to come) to the party on Saturday.2. They __ (to meet) him tomorrow.3. This time next week he __ (to fly) to Moldova.4. At 7 o'clock on Saturday they __ (to sing) the new song.5. It __ (probably/to rain) when I reach Berdichev.6. Tomorrow at ten I __ (to write) a test.7. Sveta __ (to watch) a video when I arrive tonight.8. You __ (to eat) pizza soon.9. She __ (to sleep) when you telephone her.10. They __ (to arrive) in Kiev just about now.

XIV. Put the verbs into the correct form:1. At midnight we __ (sleep).2. This time next month we __ (sit) at the beach.3. At nine I __ (watch) a film.

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4. Tonight we __ (get) ready for our English test.5. They __ (dance) all evening.6. He __ (not / play) all day.7. I __ (not / work) all afternoon.8. __ (eat / you) at seven?9. __ (drive / she) to Odessa?10. __ (fight / they) again soon?

XV. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct future tenses:1. The train ………….at 11:45. (to leave) 2. We ………… dinner at a nice restaurant on Saturday, but we haven't booked a table yet. (to

have) 3. My ski instructor believes it………… in the mountains tomorrow evening. (to snow) 4. On Sunday at 8 o'clock I …………. my friend. (to meet) 5. They ……………. to London on Friday evening at 8:15. (to fly) 6. Wait! I ……………… you to the station. (to drive) 7. The English lesson ……………… at 8:45. (to start) 8. I ……………… my sister in April. (to see) 9. Look at the clouds – it ……………… in a few minutes. (to rain) 10. Listen! There's someone at the door. I …………... the door for you. (to open)

Прошедшее простое время (Past simple tense)I. Supply the missing letters in these verbs and match the words 1-10 with the meanings a-j:1. begin – beg-n2. bring - bro-ght3. buy - bou-ht4. catch - ca-ght5. eat - at-6. find - f-und7. get - g-t8. give - g-ve9. go - w-nt10. have - h-d

a. иметьb. естьc. ловитьd. начинатьe. приноситьf. ходитьg. даватьh. получатьi. находитьj. покупать

II. Add the indicated words to make these sentences:1. (Yesterday) I stayed at home with my friend.2. (Two days ago) She knew this role well.3. (An hour ago) My mother cooked the apple pie.4. (In 1999) I had a pleasant time in Sochi.5. (After lunch) His father talked to Jill.6. (Last Monday) Our relatives bought some cheap clothes.7. (Last summer) We travelled by boat on the river Don.8. (Last night) It rained.9. (The day before yesterday) They went to the cinema.10. (On Tuesday) The lecture was over at six o’clock.

III. Put the verbs in the Past Simple Tense:1. When I lived in the country I (swim) every morning.2. The old man (sit) on a bench for half an hour and then went away.3. He (brake) his favorite cup, then he (miss) his bus last night.4. Yesterday David (have) a horrible day.

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5. About five years ago, I (decide) to become an actor.6. When I was young I (find) classical music really boring.7. My dad (use) to be fit and was on his college athletics team.8. We finally (get) to the stadium just in time to see the match start.9. Yesterday evening when my sister and I (do) our homework the telephone (ring).10. I (come) late to my office last week.

IV. Complete the sentences with the words from the box, don’t forget to use Past Simple Tense:

COME, HAVE, GIVE, GO, KNOW, TELL, MAKE, SEND, TAKE, BE

1. I got to the post office just before it closed and …the letter.2. We invited Luke to the party, but he … .3. Everyone … that it was Pete’s fault, but nobody said anything.4. Holly … the keys from the kitchen table and ran out the door.5. I was bored, so Mum … me some money to go shopping.6. My brother lost his job because he … too many mistakes.7. Do you remember the time we … to Thailand on holiday?8. It started raining, but luckily, I … an umbrella in my bag.9. The sun is shining now, but there … clouds in the sky two hours ago.10. An hour ago they … us about the accident.

V. Choose the correct answer:1. Betty’s family … for Russia a week ago.a) left b) leavec) leaves2. These students … all of the new material yesterday.a) learnb) learntc) learns3. Mr. Gregory … here in 2000.a) comeb) camec) comes4. They … hard in the garden last Sunday.a) workb) worksc) worked 5. Swimming … very popular in our college last year.a) wasb) isc) are6. Tom usually … coffee, but yesterday he … tea.a) drank…drankb) drinks…drankc) drinks…will drink7. We … the rainbow last Tuesday.a) seeb) seenc) saw

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8. Our sister … by air many times in the past.a) travelledb) travel c) travels9. I … the work about two hours ago.a) finishesb) finishc) finished10. We … our holiday in Rome in 2015.a) spentb) spendc) spends

VI. Give short answer to each question:1. Were students at the conference last week?2. Did the children steal money on Sunday?3. Did the news announce yesterday?4. Was Bill at the university last year?5. Could my mother speak four languages when she was five?6. Did Lou want to use his dad’s car the day before yesterday?7. Was my grandfather an airline pilot many years ago?8. Did my father meet our mother twenty years ago?9. Was this child born on Monday?10. Did we paint the room last month?

VII. Complete the following disjunctive questions:1. Last year Mary was a schoolgirl, …?2. Last week John wasn’t a manager, …?3. When Alice was a child she could speak German, …?4. Charles Dickens never wrote poems, …?5. Two years ago he had got a big dog, ….?6. Last lesson she laughed a lot, …?7. There were a lot of books at the library, …?8. She didn’t know the new material, …?9. In 2001 they lived in Moscow …?10. Last year Helen couldn’t sing well …?

VIII. Form questions from the words below, using Past Simple Tense:1. Why / our washing machine / brake / yesterday?2. When / people / spend time / on the beach? 3. Where / Gordon / go / an hour ago?4. Whom / you / see / in Italy / last holiday?5. What / she / buy / in the supermarket?6. How / Dan / get here / on Tuesday?7. Which keys / Margaret / lose?8. Who / he / take / to the South?9. Where / they / move / in 2002?10. When / Sally / finish / the university?

IX. Ask questions about the underlined part of each sentence. Use the words Why, When, How…:

1. She gave me a lot of information yesterday. 31

2. They went because it was late.3. Charles left here the day before yesterday.4. He returned to Chicago last year. 5. The weather was terrible last winter. 6. My uncle sold his house several days ago7. We travelled by train many times in the past.8. Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. 9. Last week our tourists booked tickets and hotels on Internet.10. When her sister was little she had a good sense of humor. X. Change these statements to negative:1. I grew up in London, a very long time ago.2. It was windy and not very comfortable yesterday.3. My father was a boy when World War II started.4. Their mother took us to the railway station last time.5. In 60th years televisions were very expensive.6. A friend of their parents saw snow for the first time when he was three.7. Linda went shopping with her best friend and spent all her money last week.8. She went to a party the previous evening.9. Last night the plane arrived at 4.10. I had got a driving test on May last year.

XI. Put the words in the correct order to make up sentences:1. Tom-the-show-liked-last-night-very much.2. They-studied-at-home-their lessons-last evening.3. Bill-was-at the factory-last year-an engineer.4. A big party-there was-yesterday-here-the day before.5. There was- yesterday-a fine day.6. A short time ago-I finished-my book.7. Russian-before the last war-he studied.8. Brought-the telegram-a minute ago-a postman.9. Yesterday-only-arrived-our manager-at the office.10. He-three weeks ago-bought-a new car.

XII. Fill in the missing letters:1. Many years ago people d-dn’t l-ve in the towns.2. Y-sterday Steve play-d golf at the sport ground.3. The children w-re very quiet on Monday.4. What did they do? Dan learn- his English words. Sally clean-d her room.5. I usually sit next to Betsy at school but two weeks ag- I s-t next to Pete.6. Last summer my sister co-ldn’t sw-m.7. The day bef-re y-sterday her little daughter swallow-d a coin.8. They bro-ght a lot of berries from the wood last week.9. Mr. Rossi w-nt to America three years ago and he stay-d there for one year.10. We tho-ght about our friend all the time.

XIII. Rewrite the sentences in the Simple Past Tense. Make the necessary changes:

1. He often gives me a vase as a present.2. In summer he always sleeps in the open air.3. Helen and Paul often spend their free time together.4. The children sometimes break cups and plates.

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5. They seldom go to the country for the weekend.6. The weather is awful today.7. Usually it takes me an hour to do this work.8. We always meet this delegation at the railway station.9. The little girl skates well.10. The teacher usually asks the students a lot of question at the lesson.

XIV. Choose the correct form of the verb in italics:1. I meet/met Alec the day before yesterday.2. He lose/lost the keys and can’t/couldn’t get into the house.3. She stop/stopped and look/looked at the shop window.4. How many rooms are there/were there in your old flat.5. When are/were you in the Kremlin last time?6. My mother go shopping/went shopping after work.7. Moscow University is/was one of the oldest buildings in Moscow.8. Little children go/went to bed early.9. Yesterday my friend give/gave me an interesting material for my report.10. Who make/made those pencil marks in your new book?

XV. Compare Present Perfect and Past Simple. Choose the right answer:1. Adam… his room last night.a) has tidiedb) tidied2. Sasha… a tour guide since she left university.a) has beenb) was3. They…the baby a name yet.a) haven’t givenb) didn’t give4. Carol and I … to the theatre three nights ago.a) have beenb) went5. This new computer…my life a lot easier.a) has madeb) made6. Mr. Gray… French here since 2006.a) taughtb) has taught7. My elder brother … this grammar material last year.a) learntb) has learnt8. Last time he… our college.a) visitedb) has visited9. … to New York when you went to the states last winter?a) Have you beenb) Did you go10. When … my exam results?a) did you expectb) have you expected

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Прошедшее длительное время (Past continuous tense)

I. Put the verbs in the brackets in the Past Continuous Tense:

1. (to work) on this project when she came in.1. Bob (to get) out of a car when he saw his boss.3. She (to cook) breakfast when she heard the baby crying.4. When he came home yesterday, it (to rain) hard in the street.5. I (to read) a magazine when the telephone rang.6. Fred and Tom (to drive) along the road when the accident happened.7. We didn’t understand what Mr. Green (to do).8. I waited for you for an hour yesterday and you (to sleep) at that time.9. What (…) our children (to do) at 6 o’clock yesterday?10. While I (practice) the violin late last night a neighbor came to complain.

II. Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box. Use the Past Simple or Past Continuous:

come, cook, write, call, put, creep, get up, arrive, start, sleep, knock, walk, have, dance, ring, ask, leave, drink, be

1. He (…) and (…) quietly downstairs.2. Ann (…) on the sofa when somebody (…) at the door.3. We (…) on the beach when he (…) me to marry him.4. (…) you (…) a shower when I (…) you?5. Just as I (…) the house it (…) to rain.6. When I (…) at the party nobody (…).7. Mary (…) coffee, when I (…) to the office.8. The day (…) beautiful yesterday.9. While I (…) dinner at 10 o’clock, Scarlett (…) a letter.10. When Richard (…) she (…) on makeup.

III. Open the brackets using the verbs in the Present Continuous or Past Continuous:1. I (to write) an English exercise now.2. He (to write) a letter at this time yesterday.3. My friends (not to do) their homework at that moment.4. Yesterday at 12 o’clock they (to play) volleyball.5. What you (to think) now?6. When I went out into the garden, the sun (to shine) and birds (to sing) in the trees.7. With whom your father (to talk) from eight till nine yesterday?8. At the moment my parents (to work) in hospital.9. Why she (to cry) now?10. When I came to the kitchen, my mother (to eat) an ice-cream.

IV. Choose the correct option:1. When I played/was playing rugby, I broke/was breaking my leg.2. I saw/was seeing Jack in the street but he didn’t see/wasn’t seeing me.3. Somebody stole/was stealing his bicycle when he was being/was in the shop.4. She was laughing /laughed when I was telling/told her the joke.5. I was not sending /didn’t sent many emails, while I was travelling/travelled around the world.6. Just as I was leaving/left the party, James was arriving/arrived.

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7. She met/was meeting her husband, while she while she worked/was working in Italy.8. She studied/was studying hard but she still didn’t pass/wasn’t passing her exam.9. I listened/was listening to my IPod, so I didn’t hear/wasn’t hearing the telephone.10. At this time just two days ago I bought/was buying the new clothes.

V. Complete the following disjunctive questions:1. The Smiths were packing all day long yesterday, …2. The children were playing in the yard from five to seven yesterday, …3. He was living with his mother at that time last year, …4. I was walking in the park at 7 o’clock last week, …5. It was raining all night yesterday, …6. Last week at that time the old woman was watering the flowers, …7. We were doing our homework from two till four o’clock last evening, …8. My brother was studying at the university last year at that time, … 9. They weren’t at home yesterday at 9, ...10. I wasn’t sleeping all night yesterday, …

VI. Add the indicated words to these sentences:1. (At two o’clock yesterday) I was going to the university.2. (When the mother came), the children were watching TV.3. (When Steve returned), I was translating the text.4. (While my brother was playing), we were cooking the breakfast.5. (As I was not listening the rule), I couldn’t do my exercise.6. (From six to seven yesterday) we were meeting Kate.7. (All day long yesterday) my granny was waiting the doctor.8. (While he was reading), I was drinking tea.9. (The whole day) they were working in the garden.10. (As I was not translating this article), I didn’t understand it.

VII. Choose the right answer:1. It (to rain) the whole day yesterday.a) rainedb) was rainingc) rains

2. Yesterday I (to work) at mu English from five till seven.a) workb) workedc) was working

3. At six o’clock yesterday we (to listen) to a very interesting lecture.a) were listeningb) was listeningc) listened

4. I (to enter) the office, the secretary (to type) some letters.a) was entering; typedb) entered; was typingc) enter; types

5. My friend (to ring) me up at eight o’clock yesterday.a) was ringing

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b) rangc) rings

6. While she (to shop) this morning, she (to lose) her money.a) shops; losesb) shopped; lostc) was shopping; was losing

7. Her car (to break) down yesterday, while she (to drive) to work.a) broke; was drivingb) breaks; drivesc) broke; drove

8. When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that all my family (to sit) round the table.a) was coming; was seeing; was sittingb) come; see; sitc) came; saw; was sitting

9. - Where you (to be) yesterday? - I (to read) at home the whole day.a) was; read b) were; was readingc) is; is reading

10. At five o’clock yesterday when I (to look) out of the window, it (to rain) heavily.a) looked; was rainingb) look; rainc) was looking; was raining

VIII. Match the two halves of each sentence:

1. When Henry was walking in the forest,2. When I was going to school,3. When I opened the door,4. When I got up,5. He was not sleeping6. When I was washing the floor,

7. He was walking along the river8. I was going to the railway station

9. I was playing tennis in the park10. When I entered the classroom,

a) I met my friend

b) he found a bear cubc) when his father came homed) I found my old toy under the sofae) when a boat passedf) the teacher was writing words on the blackboardg) the cat was sitting on the tableh) my mother and father were drinking teai) when I met Johnj) when they walked the dogs

IX. Give the short answer to each question:1. Was I thinking over our plan when I had a wonderful idea?2. Were our neighbours celebrating anything yesterday at nine?3. Was she looking in the mirror when her husband came?

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4. Was it getting home when we returned to town? 5. Were they crying all night yesterday?6. Was his family moving on Saturday from five till eleven?7. Was he looking for anything in his bag the whole evening?8. Were children reading a book, while their parents were talking together?9. Was he looking for anything in his bag the whole evening?10. Were children reading book, while their parents were talking together?

X. Form questions from the words below: 1. Why/were you/telling/the lie/when/your sister came?2. What/ you/ doing/were/when I returned?3. What/ your sister/was/reading/while you were playing the piano?4. Where/Tim/ was/walking/ at three o`clock yesterday?5. Raining/was/heavily/It/ when we run from the house to the taxi?6. Was/winning/my team/ when my brother came to the stadium?7. Where/Dad/spending/was/ the whole evening yesterday?8. Why/was/arriving/Kate/late/at the station/ when we spoke on the phone?9. You/were/arguing/while our mother was watching T.V.?10. The teacher/was/explaining/a grammar rule/while the students were listening to him?

XI. Choose the right translation:1. When Tom called, I was telling this story.а) Когда позвонил Том, я рассказывал эту историю.в) Когда позвонил Том, я рассказал эту историю.2. At 5 o`clock yesterday he was returning home.а) Вчера, в 5 часов он возвращался домой.в) Вчера, в 5 часов он вернулся домой.3. While she was pouring out tea, I was looking through some magazine.а) В то время, как она разливала чай, он просмотрел журнал.в) В то время, как она разливала чай, он просматривал журнал.4. He was hurting his leg when he fell of the ladder.a) Он поранил ногу, когда падал с лестницы.в) Он поранил ногу, когда упал с лестницы.5. I was breaking the plate while, I was doing the washing up.a) Я разбил тарелку, в то время как мыл посуду.в) Я разбивал тарелку, в то время как мыл посуду.6. Dan was working at the stadium until he found a better job.a) Дэн работал на стадионе, пока не нашёл лучшую работу.в) Дэн работает на стадионе, пока не найдёт лучшую работу.7. When you rang, I was cleaning my bike.а) Когда ты звонил, я мыл велосипед.в) Когда ты звонил, я помыл велосипед.8. The sun was shining and the birds were singing when we came to the forest.а) Солнце светит и птицы поют, когда мы идём по лесу.в) Солнце светило и птицы пели, когда мы пришли в лес.9. The young player was practicing when his father had an accident.а) Молодой игрок тренировался, когда его отец попал в аварию.в) Молодой игрок собирался тренироваться, когда его отец попал в аварию.10. I was dreaming about my favourite band when the alarm clock went off.a) Я мечтал о своей любимой группе, когда зазвонил мой будильник.в) Я уже помечтал о своей любимой группе, когда зазвонил мой будильник.

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XII. Change these statements to negative:1. At eight o `clock yesterday I was sleeping at home.2. While my children were playing, I was repairing the phone.3. When our parents left the hotel, we were deciding our problems.4. Last morning at one o’clock the strong wind was blowing.5. While some guests were singing the songs, we were listening to them.6. When the telephone rang at the office, the secretary was writing a letter.7. As I was staying at the hotel, I met our relatives there.8. While we were standing near our house, the children were playing tennis.9. My mother was laying on the table, while I was buying the flowers.10. The actors were singing at the theatre all day long.

XIII. Make up sentences:1. While-girls-were-a cake-making-we-washing up-were.2. When-the-teacher-to the classroom-went-the-pupils-laughing-were.3. Our family-having-was-breakfast-when-the postman-brought-a parcel.4. Working-Ann-was-long-all-day-yesterday.5. Someone-when-knocked-at the door-I-having-was-a shower.6. As-was-signing-the boss-the agreement-the colleagues-looking through-were-some-documents.7. When-our-scored-a goal-son-we-sitting-were-at-the-stadium.8. While translating-my friend-was-the article-I-was-drinking-a cup of coffee.9. When-he-left-the-room-a little-girl-crying-was.10. When-his son-sailing-was-we-in the sea-swam.

XIV. Ask question about the underlined part of each sentence. Use the words Why, When, What…:

1. I was waiting my girlfriend at 11 o’clock last night.2. We were spending free time at the stadium at 7 yesterday.3. Yesterday morning they were cleaning the flat.4. My friends were painting the room all day long last week.5. As I was visiting the museum, my brother was listening to music at the concert.6. While it started snowing, they were skating.7. My younger sister was feeding the kitten when our mother returned home.8. When they came to the library, Joe and Kate were discussing the new book.9. Mary was speaking English when she lived in London. 10. While the artist was drawing the picture, the writer was writing the novel.

XV. Find the correct translation:1. Yesterday I passed my English exam. 2. What were your friends doing when you came to see them?3. I didn’t understand what those people were speaking about.4. Where did his friend serve in the army?5. James was reading a book about insects when his elder sister Beth came into the room.6. G. Stephenson was a famous engineer who earned the name “The Father of the Railway”.7. While the teacher was painting, the picture the students were watching him.8. On Sunday we were swimming in the river all day long.9. My uncle finished the university in 2010.10. My girlfriend and I were coming to the café at 7 o’clock last night.

a) Что делали твои друзья, когда ты пришел к ним.в) Где служил его друг в армии?с) Вчера я сдала экзамен по английскому.

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d) Мне было непонятно, о чем говорили те люди.е) Джеймс читал книгу о насекомых, когда его старшая сестра Бэт пришла в комнату.f) В воскресенье мы плавали в реке весь день.g) Мой дядя закончил университет в 2010 году.h) В то время как преподаватель рисовал картину, студенты наблюдали за ним.i) Д. Стефенсон был известным инженером, который заработал имя “Отец железных дорог”.j) Вчера, в семь я и моя девушка ходили в кафе.

Настоящее совершённое время (Present perfect tense)

I. Choose the correct words in italics:1. We have / did watched all of Quentin Tarantino’s films.2. Have you played / play baseball before?3. The cat has / have never tasted real steak before!4.This year we have organised / organised over twenty activity holidays.5. I have / has worked in several different companies.6. They haven’t live / lived in the city before now.7. “Have you finished your homework?” “Yes, I do / have.”8. “Has Maria called the shop?” “No, she hasn’t / haven’t.”9. Have/did you ever been/be to Europe?10. I have/did not seen him since June.

II. Choose the correct verb:1. Carl says he’s never ... Indian food.A. ate B. eats C. eaten2. Louisa has ... to the shops. She isn’t back yet.A. been B. went C. gone3. Two trains have crashed near London. They … each other at 150 kph.A. have hit B. hit C. were hitting4. Hey! I … the competition! I’ve just had a letter in the post!A. win B. won C. ‘ve won5. Don’t feed the dog. I’ve ....A. already done it B. done it yet C. done already it6. ‘Is Mary here?’ ‘No, she ….’A. hasn’t arrived yet B. yet hasn’t arrived C. has arrived yet7. Oliver hasn’t seen his daughter ....A. since two years B. two years ago C. for two years 8. Kerry … never stayed in a hotel.A. is B. was C. has9. Have you … the the British Museum in London?A. ever visited B. ever visit C. never visit10. “Do you know Portugal?” “Well, we ... to Lisbon.”A. went B. ‘ve been C.’ve gone

III. Put the verbs in Present Perfect:1. He _____ (finish) training.2. She _____ (score) twenty points in the match.3. We _____ (watch) all the Champions League matches this season.4. That's amazing! She _____ (run) fifteen kilometers this morning.5. She _____ (buy) some really nice rollerblades!6. Oh, no! I _____ (lose) my money!

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7. My mum _____ (write) shopping list. It's on the kitchen table.8. Dad, you _____ (eat) my biscuit!9. I’m tired. I _____ (watch) three X-Files videos.10. Hurry up! They _____ (start) the film!

IV. Use reference words, make sentences in Present Perfect:1. Kate/be/in bed/a long time.2. She / not eat / anything / this morning.3. She / not see / her friends / a week.    4. She / stay / at home / Tuesday.              5. She / have / a red nose / three days.6. She / not play / basketball / last weekend.7.  She / not do / any school work / Monday.8. She / have / already/ make the project.9. She / have / just / clean / the room.10. She / have / never / cook / pasta

V. Put the verbs from the brackets in Present Perfect:1. We just … (meet) an American actor. 2. Your husband … (sell) the house? 3. I … (not start) my new job yet. 4. You … (be) to New York before? 5. Ann … (not choose) the dessert yet. 6. They … (do) the shopping today. 7. Tom … ever (visit) Disneyland? 8. I just … (see) a horror film. 9. She … (not find) her coat. 10. The cat already … (eat up) the fish.

VI. Choose the correct answer:1. Have you ever ... to New York?a) flew b) went c) going d) been2. No I've never ... there.a) been b) went c) was d) existed3. In fact I've just ... back from there.a) been b) gone c) came d) come4. And I've ... at least six weeks there in the last year.a) past b) passed c) spent d) spend5. Have you ... to the top of the Empire State Building?a) flown b) sat up c) grown up d) gone up6. No, I ... yet.a) haven't b) don't c) not d) won't7. I haven't ... the ferry to Ellis Island either.a) taken b) swam c) jumped over d) driven8. I've just ... work so hard.a) looked b) seen c) must d) had to9. I have ... dinner at Sardi's.a) had b) taken c) seen d) served10. We have ... a Broadway show.a) taken b) watched c) seen d) starred in

VII. Choose the correct answer:40

1.I ... my leg.a) have hurt b) has hurt c) have hurted2. She … already passed her exam. Congratulations!a) have b) has c) had 3.My parents ... back home.a) have just came b) had just come c) have just come4 … Mark … his keys yet?a) Has, finded b) Has, found c) Have, found5 … they washed their hair? - Yes, they ….a) Have, have b) Has, have c) Have, washed6. Has it stopped raining …? - Yes, it ….a) already, has b) yet, ‘s not c) yet, hasn’t7. I ... it at ones.a) have imagined b) has imagined c) am imagining 8. I … my excuse. a) has made b) have make c) have made9.Mike … upon the chair.a) has bounced b) has bounce c) have bounced 10. The cabs …… for the night.a) has stopped b) have stop c) have stopped

Настоящее совершённо-длительное время(Present perfect continuous tense)

I. Choose the correct answer, a, b, c or d:1. Look at her hands! They are dirty! She … fruits for 2 hours.a) has been pickingb) have been pickingc) was pickingd) picked2. Is it true that you … to find me all day long?a) has been triedb) have beenc) have calledd) have been trying3. Sorry. I ... one of your glasses.a) have brokenb) have been breakingc) have been brokend) have breaking4. My daughter … since early morning.a) have been studiesb) has studiedc) have studiedd) has been studying5. I … for you since seven o’clock. Why are you so late?a) have been waitingb) has been waitc) have been waitedd) waited6. Look what Pat ... me for my birthday! A bike!a) gave

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b) has been givingc) have been givingd) has given7. She’s tired because she ... all day.a) have been shoppingb) has been shoppingc) had been shoppingd) did been shopping8. Nobody wants to hire me. I … … … for a job since 2011.a) had been lookedb) had been lookingc) was lookingd) have been looking9. How long … she … … my cell phone? My account is blocked!a) has / been usingb) have / been usingc) did / used) was / using10. Look at the Christmas tree! We … … … it all day long.a) have decoratedb) have been decoratingc) were decoratingd) decorated

II. Use the words below to write sentences with the verbs in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:1. I / drive / for three hours2. We/ wait / since two o’clock3. Carola / not / sleep / well4. you / revise / for your exam?5. They / build / a new gym6. How long / he / work there?7. You / not / listen / to me!8. I / wait / for two hours9. He / write / all day10. Carmen / work / since morning

III. Choose the correct answer:1. Where’s the bus?A. No idea. We’ve waited for over an hour!B. No idea. We’ve been waiting for over an hour!2. These cookies are delicious! Do you make them yourself?A. Yes, I’ve made about 50 of them today!B. Yes, I’ve been making about 50 of them today!3. Where does your brother live?A. In New York at the moment. He’s lived there for nearly two months.B. In New York at the moment. He’s been living there for nearly two months.4. Have you met Teresa?A. Yes, we’ve known each other all our lives.B. Yes, we’ve been knowing each other all our lives.5. Was this an Oxfam charity event?A. Yes, I’ve just walked 20 kilometres to raise money.

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B. Yes, I’ve just been walking 20 kilometres to raise money.6. How soon Samuel will recover?A. Samuel has been raving the whole evening, but let him proper attendance, and he’ll rally.B. Samuel has raved the whole evening, but let him proper attendance, and he’ll rally.7. Why did you stop construction?A. The bailiff hasn’t enjoying himself.B. The bailiff hasn’t been enjoying himself.8. Why haven’t you done it yet?A. Mark has been giving me instructions little by little.B. Mark has given me instructions little by little.9. Where did the captain go?A. The captain has been fidgeting about for some time.B. The captain has fidgeting about for some time.10. Where is your sister?A. Molly’s been lying on that pink sofa for as long as I can remember.B. Molly’s lying on that pink sofa for as long as I can remember.

IV. Choose the right variant:1. Tom and Mary have been built / have built / have been building the house for two years.2. My parents have been / have been being / were in Paris for a month.3. I think the waiter has forgetting / forget / has forgotten us. We wait / have waited / have been

waiting for a half an hour and nobody has taken / has been taking / took our order.4. I don’t know if he has even been noticing / noticed / has noticed us. He has been running /

run / has run from the table to table.5. Are you hungry? No, I have eaten / have been eating / am eating all day.6. I have been reading / have read / read today’s newspaper and there is an interesting article on

pollution.7. It has been snowing / is snowing / was snowing since I have got up/got up.8. Tom has been looked for / has been looking for / looked for an evening job since / for a week.9. Mary has been working / has worked / worked overtime since / for the last month, so they will

have enough money.10. It’s a long time since / for I have seen / saw / have been seeing your brother Paul.

V. Put the verbs from the parentheses in the Present Perfect Continuous form:1. The vegetables … (boil) since 10 o’clock.2. He … (wait) for her answer for six months.3. My sister … (send) job applications for 3 months.4. I … (try) to find my documents since last Sunday.5. They … (learn) Japanese for a couple of years. Father … (drill) holes in the wall since noon.6. My brother … (play) computer games for 3 hours.7. I … (listen) to you very carefully.8. He … (not take) his medicine for the last week.9. We ... (save) the money for a holiday for a year.10. Father … (drill) holes in the wall since noon.

VI. Put in the “for” or “since” clauses:1. Bob has been playing hockey … he was a small boy.2. She’s been driving that car … five years.3. We have been planning our vacation … last month.4. He has been talking on the phone … 8 o’clock.5. You have been telling the same anecdotes … many years.6. I have been feeling ill … a couple of days.

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7. I have been waiting here ... 2 hours.8. We have been preparing for exams … morning.9. I have been baking cake … morning.10. I’ve been learning English … over three years

VII. Choose the correct answer A, B or C:1. Henry … doing a lot of work for charities since the mid-nineties.a) has been b) have been c) has being2. We … how to play chess.a) has been learning b) have been learnt c) have been learning3. What … doing to the pet?a) has you been b) have you been c) have you being4. ... they been talking to Mary? - Yes, they ….a) Have, have b) Has, have c) Have, have been5. - … people been eating more meat recently? - Yes, they ….a) Has, have b) Have, have c) Have, haven’t6. - … it been raining … morning? - No, it hasn't.a) Have, since b) Has, since c) Has, for7. What … you been reading … October?a) Have, since b) Have, for c) Has, since8. I … living here since 2011.a) haven't being b) hasn't been c) haven't been9. Jack is cold. He … for too long.a) has been swimming b) have been swimming c) has swum10. Den … championships before.a) has never won b) hasn’t never won c) has never been winning

VIII. Put the verbs from the parentheses in the Present Perfect Continuous form:1. I (to wait) … for one hour.2. The boy (to play) … football since 10 a.m.3. Her sister (to do) … her homework for half an hour.4. John (to talk) … too much.5. We (to study) … since 11 o'clock.6. Mary (to feel) … a little disappointed.7. Jack (to exercise) … lately.8. They (to work) … at that company for two years.9. Lisa and Mike (to take) … their medicine for the last five days.10. You (to watch) … too much television lately.

Прошедшее совершённое время (Past perfect tense).Прошедшее совершённо-длительное время(Past perfect continuous tense)

I. Use the verb in the brackets in the Past Perfect Tense:1. In the case of a beam, for example, the concrete was cast around polythene tubes through

which, after the workers ______ (to set) the concrete, steel cables were drawn.2. The less water ______ (to use) in mixing the concrete, the denser and stronger it was after.3. They _____ (to do) that by putting bars of steel or miniature steel frameworks into the forms –

before the concrete mixture was poured.4. For those very modern structural items reinforced concrete _____ (to use) in thin sheets, they

reported about it later.44

5. In order to save time, the builder used a number of standardized concrete units that ____ (to make) in advance.

6. Precasting and prefabrication methods that ____ (to invent) made it possible later speedy erection of buildings.

7. The building then formed a monolith-one large artificial stone composed entirely of concrete that ____ (to shape) within wooden molds that fitted together perfectly.

8. For instance, suppose a reinforced beam ____ (to bend) out of the straight by an inch, before it developed serious cracks.

9. The difficulty there was that a mix ___ (to become) a dryish one was not so easy to stir as one that was fairly wet and sloppy.

10. Concrete, that ____ (to make) by mixing together small stones, sand, cement and water in rotating drums, was delivered to the building yard.

II. Define the sentences with the verb in the Past Perfect Tense:1. I had to read this book earlier.2. My mother had a nice garden in the country.3. They had lost their way before they reached the village.4. When they were in the office the manager had left it already.5. They had been writing their test for an hour already when Paul came.6. It had been done by the time they had to sign the documents.7. It had happened much earlier they were born.8. When the holiday came it had been raining for a week with short stops.9. Boys had to stop their fishing.10. To learn the material they had to repeat it twice.

III. Choose the right variant in the brackets:1. I (had written, wrote) the letter when you came.2. We (finished, had finished) our work by seven o’clock last night.3. The wind (had blown, has blown) off white snow from the trees and they stood black in the

fading night.4. He got up, left the room, went into the street, walked towards the park and then suddenly

remembered that he (left, had left) the key.5. They (have not walked, had not walked) two kilometres when the thunderstorm broke out.6. She (has not managed, had not managed to read the e-mail, and he was back again.7. He opened his eyes, looked around and thought hard for some time, trying to remember what

(has happened, had happened) to him.8. After the boys (travelled, had travelled) to the Caucasus they decided to make a sea voyage.9. They did not enter the house yet they (had heard, heard) some strange noise.10. All the passengers saw at once that the old man (has travelled, had travelled) a great deal in his

life.

IV. Use the verbs in the Past Perfect Tense (Active Voice):1. to hide –2. hold – 3. laid –4. has put – 5. to keep – 6. had been done – 7. to read – 8. rode – 9. to shine –10. had been sent –

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V. Transform the tense form of the given verbs into the Past Perfect Tense (Passive Voice):1. Had read –2. Had written – 3. Had lit –4. Had rung –5. Had run –6. Had put –7. Had shown –8. Had shut –9. Had lost –10. Had said –

VI. Rewrite the positive sentences with the verb in the Past Perfect Tense into the negative ones:

1. He pointed out, that steady technological progress had been accompanied by growing intellectual and nervous strain.

2. To top it all he said, an inexpensive device had been done for the works which could permit you to program inputs to your minicomputer’s memory bank.

3. They mentioned that transport, a vast sphere of material production had become one of the biggest spheres in which cybernetics methods were being applied.

4. They understood that had presented the world with new problems.5. The reporter said that the greatest progress had been made in the past 100-120 years.6. She emphasised that only a few years ago a vest pocket calculator had been presented.7. The lecturer stressed the scientists had predicted existing semiconductor technology could be

used to build a memory for 50 million bits of information.8. They reported they had improved memory technology to provide calculators with almost

unbelievable capabilities.9. They thought they had invented the intelligent robot.10. He knew similar research had been done at Stanford University.

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VII.Transform the tense of the verbs into the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:1. Had asked –2. Had become –3. Had done –4. Had invented –5. Had made –6. Had presented –7. Had improved –8. Had accompanied –9. Had predicted –10. Had read –

VIII. Make up questions for the following word combinations:1. I had been jumping2. You had been asking3. She had been writing4. He had been doing5. We had been expecting6. You had been reading7. They had been playing8. I had been telling9. She had been drawing10. He had been planning

IX. Use the negative form of the verbs in the Past Perfect Continuous Tense:1. to bite –2. to blow –3. to break –4. to bring –5. to build –6. to buy –7. to catch –8. to choose –9. to come –10. to cut –

X. Use the verbs in brackets in the Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous Tense:1. Yesterday he told me that he ____ (to see) Nick a week before.2. He knew man ____ always ____ (to strive) to make physical work easier.3. He thanked me for what I ____ (to do) for him.4. Jane told her friends that she ____ (to decide) to become an actress.5. When the boys reached their camp the sun ____ (to sit).6. I was very tired when I went to bed for I ____ (to work) hard all day.7. The news didn’t surprise me for I ____ (to expect) it for some time past.8. Ann ____ scarcely ____ (to put) her head on the pillow when she fell asleep.9. By noon the tourists ____ (to climb) the mountain.10. By twelve o’clock yesterday I (to finish) all my work.

XI. Choose the right variant. Put the verb either in the Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous Tense:

1. I had ____ reading.a. finished b. have finished c. finished d. been finished

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2. Boris had ____ his work.a. done b. does c. did d. been done3. Ann ____ written e-mail.a. did b. – c. been d. had4. He had been ____ for a month already.a. jumping b. jumped c. – d. jumps5. They ____ lost their way.a. has b. – c. had d. had been6. Jane had ____ reading a book.a. is b. being c. – d. been7. We had ____ in time.a. come b. coming c. been coming d. –8. You ____ become a doctor.a. are b. is c. – d. had9. They had ____ out.a. are b. is c. been d. –10. Helen had ____.a. gone b. has gone c. – d. went

XII.Use the verbs in the Past Perfect Tense:1. has done –2. have become –3. had written –4. is finished –5. was written –6. were read –7. liked –8. was loved –9. designed –10. has come –

XIII. Change the Active into the Passive:1. Had cut –2. Had fallen – 3. Had drunk –4. Had flown –5. Had given –6. Had got –7. Had felt –8. Had grown –9. Had had –10. Had frozen –

XIV. Mark with “P” verbs in the Passive Voice:1. Had dealt2. Had been writing3. Had been reading4. Had been done5. Had been got6. Had been given7. Had hung8. Had been dreamt

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9. Had drawn10. Had come

XV. Insert the lost letter:1. had hea_d2. had been h_ld3. had been w_n4. had rid_en5. had ru_g6. had been pay_ng7. had been risi_g8. had l_t9. had been m_t10. had t_ken

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УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ (CONDITIONALS)I. Write the sentences. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Future Simple Tense:1. If the train is late, we (walk).2. She (call) you, if she (have) time.3. If it costs too much, I (buy) a smaller one.4. If the doctor can' t see me, I (go) somewhere else.5. If the class (be) full, we (find) another one.6. What will we do, if the taxi (not come).7. Will you phone me, if there (be) any problems.8. Tracy (ask) Peter, if I (see) him tomorrow.9. I (go) next week, if I (can) get a train ticket.10. If I (have) to, I (complain) to the manager.

II. Write the conditional sentences. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Future Simple Tense:1. If he (see) me here, he (be) really angry.2. Mary (be) worried, if you don't come to the airport.3. If it (snow) this winter, we (go) skiing.4. I (lend) them some money, if they (ask) me.5. If you (visit) Oxford, you (see) some interesting old buildings.6. If you drive more carefully, you (not have) so many accidents.7. If he (get up) earlier, he’ll get to work on time.8. If we (have) more time, I can tell you more about it.9. If you (sell) more products, you’ll earn more money.10. I can help you, if you (trust) me more.

Первый тип условных предложений (Zero Conditionals)

III. Open the brackets. Use the Zero Conditional:1. Water (freeze), if the temperature falls below zero.2. If he's angry, his face always (go) bright red.3. If you put your money in a savings account, you (get) ten percent interest.4. If the microphone isn't working, you (can, not) hear what he's saying.5. The radio (not work), if the batteries are flat.6. If there (be) only a few students, we usually close one of the classes.7. The machine (not work), if it doesn't have enough oil.8. If a balloon is filled with hot air, it (rise).9. If water (boil), it changes into steam.10. The machine stops automatically, if something (go) wrong.

IV. Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form. Add “'ll” (will) or “'d” (would), if necessary:

1. If you give me your phone number, I (call) you.2. I (drive) to work, if I had a car.3. If I (lose) my job, I'd go back to university.4. If it (rain) tomorrow, we'll cancel the barbecue.5. Where would you live, if you (can) choose?6. If the weather (be) good, we often have lunch outside.7. My mother (worry) about me, if I don't phone her every week.8. If you finish before 5 o'clock, I (come) and pick you up.

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9. If we (hurry), we'll get to the shops before they close.10. I don't know what she (do), if she can't go on working.

V. Write the sentences. Use the verbs in the Conditional Mood:1. His car would be a lot safer, if he (buy) some new tyres.2. The children would be better swimmers, if they (go) swimming more frequently.3. I wouldn't mind having children, if we (live) in the country.4. If I (be) you, I wouldn't worry about going to university.5. If I (have) any money, I'll give you some.6. Your parents (be) a lot happier, if you phoned them more often.7. Where would you like to live, if you (not live) in Paris?8. What would you do, if you suddenly (win) half a million pounds?9. Would you mind, if I (not give) you the money, I owe you today?10. If I had to go to hospital, I (not go) to this one.

VI. Circle the correct answer to the questions below:1. If Mary found out what was happening, she'd be very happy.Is Mary going to find out what's happening?A. Maybe B. Yes C. No2. If Mary finds out what's happening. She'll be very angry.Is Mary going to find out what's happening?A. Yes B. Probably C. No3. If they sacked him, the factory would go on strike.Are they going to sack him?A. No B. Probably C. Yes4. What would you do if someone told us to leave?Is someone going to tell us to leave?A. Maybe B. Probably not C. Yes5. If they sack him, the factory will go on strikeAre they going to sack him?A. Maybe B. No C. Yes6. What will you do if someone tells us to leave?Is someone going to tell us to leave?A. Maybe B. No C. Yes7. If they don't agree with me, I'll go to the directorAre they going to agree with me?A. Yes B. Probably not C. Maybe8. If they didn't agree with me, I'd go to the directorDo they usually agree with me?A. Maybe B. No C. Yes9. If I don't like your ideas, I'll say so.Am I going to like your ideas?A. Maybe not B. Probably C. Yes10. If I didn't like your ideas, I'd say so.Do I like their ideas?A. Maybe B. Yes C. No

VII. Open the brackets. Use the Conditional Mood:1. What would you do, if he (ask) you to marry him?2. He always (complain), if I'm late.3. If I knew the answer to that question, I (tell) you.4. If you come to the party, you (meet) Jim.

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5. The students usually work hard, if they (have) a test.6. Where will you wait, if I (be) delayed?7. If she (speak) more clearly, I could understand her.8. If you (win) a lot of money, what would you do with it?9. If the club (close), where would we go?10.I'll see him at the meeting, if he (come).

Четвёртый тип условных предложений (The Third Conditionals)

VIII. Write these sentences in full using the words given. Put the verbs into the correct tense:1. If/ you/ asked/ me for tickets/I/could/get/you some.2. I/not/marry/him/if/I/know/what he was like.3. I/not/hire/ a car/if I/know/how expensive it was.4. If/we/got/to the cinema earlier/we/not miss/the start of the film.5. If/I/be born/a year earlier/I/have to do/military service.6. If/you/asked/me/I/would lend/ you my car.7. If/I gone to University/I/get/a better job.8. I/wouldn't/go out/yesterday/if/you asked/me not to.9. I/could/give you/a lift/if/my car/not broken down.10. I/not go/to Berlin/if /I know/what was going to happen.

IX. Underline the correct word or words to replace the words in italics in these sentences:1. I'll give you a hundred pounds, if you say nothing about this.(provided that, what if, unless)2. If your company went bankrupt, what would you do?(just suppose, on condition, as long as)

3. If you had to live in another country, where would you do?(on condition, unless, imagine)

4. We'll let him out of prison, if he reports to the police station every day.(supposing, as long as, unless)5. I'll take them to court, if they don't pay me what they owe.(imagine, provided that, unless)6. If you won a million pounds, what would you do with it?(providing, as long as, unless, imagine)7. If they keep to the agreement, I'll give them the money.(what if, imagine. as long as)8. You'll be alright, if you take some travellers' cheques.(provided that, imagine, what if)9. I'll complain to the manager, if you don't give me a different room.

(as long as, unless, imagine)10. If all the hotels were full, where would we stay?(provided that, as long as, suppose)

Разные типы условных предложений. (Mixed Conditionals)

X. Match the two halves of the sentences:

1. If he was happy,2. If you hadn't lost your job,3. If she didn't lose her temper so quickly,4. If she doesn't do her work5. Can I borrow your pen

A. if I forget mine.B. she wouldn't have got into that.C. I would go out for a walk.D. I'll have been here for a year.E. I would be happy,

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6. If the car stopped,7. You wouldn't be so hungry8. Whistle9. If I study here for another month,10. if you finished using it.

F. I’ll send her home.G. if you'd eaten a proper breakfast.H. he would be living here.I. if you see the police coming.J. you would have enough money for living.

XI. Match the parts of the sentences:

1. If I go on a diet, 2. If it's sunny tomorrow, 3. If John doesn't hurry, 4. If it snows, 5. If there are no buses, 6. If you are a good girl, 7. If you make so much noise,8. I'll tell you9. You won't understand 10. He’ll be happy

A. we'll make a snowman.B. I'll buy you some chocolate.C.s he'll have to take a taxi.D. I'll lose weight. E. he'll be late.F. we'll go for a picnic.G. if there are any messages for you.H. if you don’t listen carefully.I. I won't be able to sleepJ. if he gets a job.

XII. Open brackets. Make up conditional sentences:

1. We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible.If it (be) a nice day, we would (go) for a picnic.2. Why don’t you explain everything to him?If you (not tell) him the truth, you (regret) it one day. 3. Jennifer was here not long ago.If you (come round) earlier, you (see) her.4. Apparently the ferry company are planning to close the port in his town.If that (happen), the town (lose) a great deal of money.

5. I (help) you with it if I (have) more time, but I am afraid I have not got any spare time at all at the moment.6. The government is expecting to win the next election.If it (lose), The Prime Minister (resign) from Politics.7. I am so glad that you took me to your friend’s party!If we (not go) there, I would have never met Adrian.8. It is ridiculous that trains are so expensive.If fares (be) cheaper, I am sure more people (use) the train and leave their cars at home.

9. If she (get) that job she has applied for, she (be) delighted. And I see she has got a good chance of getting it.10. Fortunately the explosion took place at night when the streets were empty.It (be) a disaster if it (happen) in the middle of the day.

XIII. Open brackets. Make up conditional sentences:

1. The talks between the two leaders keep breaking down. If they (break down) again, it is possible that there (be) a war between the two countries.2. If Alison (know) anything about car mechanics, I am sure she (help) us fix the car, but I think she knows even less than we do.3. They have been married for twenty years now but I do not think she (marry) him if she (know) what a selfish man he was.

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4. Children spend too much time watching television and playing computer games. I am sure they (be) happier if they (spend) more time playing outside.5. Jamie has everything he wants but he is always moaning. I am sure that if I (have) so much money I (not moan) all the time.6. Oh Dear, I think we are a bit late. If the concert has already started, we (not be allowed).7. We would not be coming here if he (not want).8. If you were planning to leave your husband, I (advise) you against it.9. He could be earning lots of money now if he really (want) to, but I don’t think that is what he wants.10. You can stay here tonight if you (not have) anywhere else to stay.

XIV. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Если ты попросишь меня о билетах, я смогу достать тебе несколько.2. Я бы не взял машину напрокат, если бы я знал, как дорого это будет.3. Если бы я родился на год раньше, я бы вынужден был проходить военную службу.4. Если бы я пошел в университет, я бы получил лучшую работу.5. Я б подвез тебя, если бы моя машина не сломалась.6. Если бы Джэк делал упражнения, он не был бы таким толстым.7. Они были бы очень удивлены, если бы выиграли этот матч.8. Если бы я был на твоем месте, я бы купил новые ботинки.9. Если вы нажмете на кнопку, зажжется свет.10. Если не будет солнца, мы не пойдем на пляж.

XV. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Eсли бы мы добрались до кинотеатра раньше, мы бы не пропустили начало фильма.2. Eсли бы ты попросил меня, я бы одолжил тебе свой автомобиль.3. Я бы вышел с тобой вчера, если бы ты попросил меня об этом .4. Я бы не поехала в Берлин, если бы знала, что должно произойти .5. Я была бы счастлива, если бы у меня появилось место в Гарварде.6. Если бы я не был так тяжело болен, я бы пришел на совещание.7. Я бы попросил о помощи, если был бы на вашем месте.8. Если вы увидите пожар, разбейте стекло.9. Если вы будете есть острую пищу, у вас заболит желудок .10. Если бы вы продали больше продукции, Вы бы заработали больше денег.

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ПАССИВНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ (PASSIVE VOICE)I. Complete the gaps with necessary form of the verb “to do”:1. The work ____________ at the moment.2. The work _____ by 2 o’clock tomorrow.3. The work _____ yesterday.4. The work _____ by the time he came home.5. The work _____ yet.6. The work _____ just ____.7. The work _____ while I was getting ready for classes.8. The work _____ two weeks later.9. The work _____ when I entered the room.10. The work _____ tomorrow.

II. Fill in the gaps with “by” or “with”:1. In his childhood Tom used to be beaten ____ a stick.2. My parents were married ____ a priest.3. Molly’s bedroom wall was covered ____ posters.4. The house was surrounded ___ flowerbeds.5. His shorts were covered ___ mud.6. Trained dogs are used ____ the police.7. The deer was shot ___ a hunter ___ rifle.8. Soup is eaten ___ a spoon.9. The new swimming pool has been just opened ___ the mayor.10. During the robbery, the manager was hit ____ a baseball bat.

III. Make the sentences Passive:1. They are now building new hospitals in the provinces.2. Will they publish her new novel next year?3. They will have completed the new petrol station by winter.4. The police have just arrested Jimmy on suspicion of murder.5. They cut the gas off because Mr. and Mrs. Green hadn’t paid their bill.6. They will open a new hotel next week.7. Our managers discuss important matters every Tuesday.8. The government closed the plant last year.9. We should have reserved return tickets two weeks ago.10. The travel agent had booked two single rooms for the friends.

IV. Open brackets and make the correct form of the Passive Voice:1. The roads (cover) with the snow.2. Chocolate (make) from cocoa.3. The Pyramids (build) in Egypt.4. This coat (buy) four years ago.5. The stadium (open) next month.6. Your parents (invite) to a meeting.7. Where is your car? – It (mend) at the moment. 8. The books already (pack).9. The castle can (see) from a long distance.10. The guests must (meet) at noon.

V. Make the sentences Passive:1. Popov invented radio in Russia.

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2. Every four years people elect a new president in the USA. 3. The police caught a bank robber last night. 4. Sorry, we don’t allow dogs in our safari park. 5. The postman will leave my letter by the door. 6. My mum has made a delicious cherry pie for dinner.7. George didn’t repair my clock. 8. Wait a little, my neighbor is telling an interesting story. 9. My son can write some more articles about football. 10. You must clean your bedroom tonight.

VI. Match the two halves of the sentences:1. Ann was bitten …2. When is Christmas ...3. The zoo is ...4. The luggage must ...5. The work will ...6. Are the Olympic Games ...7. Is bread ...8. Souvenirs are ...9. Was the Eifel Tower ...10. Will the final exams ...

a. be checked at the customs.b. celebrated in Europe?c. sold everywhere.d. be taken in summer or in winter?e. made from flour or potatoes?f. by a homeless dog.g. be finished at 3 o’clock.h. built in Moscow?i. being reconstructed at the moment.j. held every 10 years?

VII.Put the following sentences into the Passive:1. Did they offer you a good job?2. Why can’t you tell them the truth?3. What kind of explanation did they give you?4. They have just shown us a new film.5. The teacher was reading a fairy tale to the children.6. Have you written a letter to Father?7. Will the teacher dictate the text to you?8. They asked me a lot of interesting questions.9. Everyone was listening to the speaker very attentively.10. People are talking a lot about this young actress.

VIII. Choose the correct option:1. Mr. Green______ at the University since 1989.a. is teaching b. has been teachingc. has been taught2. Our plan ________ by the members of the committee.a. considersb. is being consideredc. is considered3. A prize _______ to whoever solves this equation.a. will be givingb. will be givenc. gives4. The University of Michigan is one of the best universities in the United States and it ________

in Ann Arbor.a. locatedb. locatesc. is located

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5. It’s a big company. It _______ two hundred people.a. is employedb. employsc. employing6. Tom _______ his key.a. has lostb. has been lostc. was lost7. Have you heard the news? The President _________!a. has shotb. shotc. has been shot8. When I came to the party, John ________ home.a. has already been goneb. has already gonec. was gone9. Two men tried to sell a painting that _______.a. was stolenb. had been stolenc. had stolen10. Robert Burns ________ a lot of wonderful poems.a. wroteb. has writtenc. was written

IX. Put the verb into the correct form (Present Simple or Past Simple, Active or Passive):1. Water __ (cover) most of the Earth's surface.2. Most of the Earth's surface __ (cover) by water.3. The park gates __ (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.4. The letter __ (post) a week ago and it __ (arrive) yesterday.5. The boat __ (sink) quickly but fortunately everybody __ (rescue).6. Jacob's parents __ (die) when he was very young. He and his sister __ (bring) up by their

grandparents.7. I was born in London but I __ (grow) up in the north of England.8. While I was on holiday, my camera __ (steal) from my hotel room.9. While I was on holiday, my camera __ (disappear) from my hotel room.10. Why __ (Emily / resign) from her job? Didn't she?

X. Make up sentences using the Passive Voice:1. The museum/ open/ in 2005.2. 3000 books/ sell/ every week.3. The parcel/ deliver/ tomorrow morning.4. The flight/ not cancel/ because of the rain. (Рейс не отменили из-за дождя.)5. This wine/ not produce/ next year.6. Paper/ make/ from wood.7. Coffee/ not grow/ in Russia.8. The New Year tree/ decorate/ last year.9. The airport/ surround/ by soldiers. (Аэропорт окружен солдатами.)10. I/ tell/ to keep silence. (Мне сказали промолчать.)

XI. Put the verbs into the correct form of the Passive Voice (Present Simple or Past Simple):1. Ice hockey ______ in Canada. (play)

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2. The monuments ______ in 1943. (ruin)3. In this café chicken sandwiches ______ for children. (make)4. Yesterday two coats _______ in the wardrobe. (leave)5. The money ________ in the safe. (keep)6. The famous painting «Sunflowers» ________ by Van Gogh. (paint)7. The washing-machine ______ every day. (use)8. A big bunch of flowers ______ for her birthday. (send)9. All his holidays _______ in the countryside. (spend)10. Your credit card _______ on the floor. (find)

XII.Change the Active Voice into the Passive:1. The headmaster sent this letter. 2. Our children will organize the Christmas party next Friday. 3. Mary trains the dogs in the garden.4. Mrs. Simpson has cleaned all the windows today.5. Frank has packed the suitcase.6. Bob paid the bills.7. The doctor will examine her tomorrow.8. My granny paints the door every year. 9. The factory manufactures thousands of cars every year.10. Jenny has served tea and chocolate biscuits.

XIII. Correct the sentences, if necessary:1. The invitation was not accepted because it had received too late.2. What did you feel when this record was being playing?3. Do you know that tennis has been played for over 100 years?4. What was been explained to the group when you joined them?5. It was not explained to them what they must do.6. He was told that the museum had been closed a week before.7. He knew he being watched.8. Several schools has been built in our district this year.9. They read all the books that are being talked about a lot.10. She always feels uncomfortable when she is looked at.

XIV. Fill in the gaps with necessary words:1. His lectures have always _____ listened to with great interest.2. The rule _____ explained to us yesterday.3. The bed was ____ slept in.4. She can’t dance when she is _____ looked at.5. What songs ______ sung to you in the childhood?6. The picture was being _______ at with admiration.7. All his old notebooks ______ been thrown away.8. The matter must _____ thought over.9. The Dean has ______ spoken to on the subject.10. This film _____ being talked about a lot.

XV. Match the two parts of the sentences:1. The child was taken ...2. I have just ...3. The speaker was ...4. This house has not ...5. I was told yesterday ...

a. was being discussed. It had been discussed for over an hour.

b. to hospital where he was looked after/cared for very well.

c. been lived in for several years.58

6. The bed was empty, ...7. When I entered, a very important matter ...8. Show me where a new factory ...9. When I arrived the documents ...10. My sister stood by the door ...

d. had been signed.e. being listened to very attentively and nobody

noticed me.f. holding the letter that had just been brought.g. that he had been ill for a week.h. is being built in your city.i. been offered interesting work.j. it had not been slept in.

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ПРЯМАЯ И КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ (DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH) I. Fill in the gaps with “said” or “told”:1. Julie  __________ that she would join us after work.2. She _________ me that she was going running this evening. 3. John __________ us that he couldn't come to the party. 4. John __________ that he had been to the cinema at the weekend. 5. She __________ them she wanted to quit. 6. David __________ that he was going to arrive at eight. 7. They __________ that they didn't want to meet us on Tuesday. 8. I __________ him I wasn't impressed. 9. Lucy __________ Julie that she was leaving on Wednesday. 10. We __________ that we were going on holiday the following week.

II. Change the following sentences into indirect speech (Present tenses):1. Jane told to her friend:” I am listening to the teacher.”2. Tom exclaimed: “It is a very interesting question.”3. The tutor announced: “All the students have read the book for the exam.”4. Jason said: “I have been waiting for you for 15 minutes.”5. The children cried: “We want to watch a cartoon.”6. Samuel mentioned: “They have already done the test.”7. The tutor told the students “You have written the test well enough.”8. The students informed their curator: “We do not study this subject this year.” 9. The speaker said: “I do not understand the question.”10. My friend said: “We have not been to the library for 2 weeks already.”

III. Change the following sentences into indirect speech (Past tenses):1. They explained their tutor: “We did not participate in the olympiad last month.”2. Jane told her mother: “When I came home, my brother was doing his homework.”3. Sam mentioned: “I had done this online test by 10 o’clock yesterday.”4. The dean announced: “All the students of the group passed the exam.”5. They said: “The lecturer was delivering his lecture at 10 in the morning.”6. The students assured: “They had studied the topic by January.”7. Jason informed his colleagues: “We found some mistakes in the course yesterday.”8. The students assured the tutor: “The conference took place last month.”9. Samuel told his group mates: “The curator wanted to see them after the class.”10. My friend said: “Jane was studying Mathematics in college.”

IV. Change the following sentences into indirect speech (Future tenses):1. Jane informed her group mates: “We will not have our PE class tomorrow.”2. The lecturer answered the students’ question: “He will ask additional questions during the

exam.”3. Samuel assured his mentor: “I will bring my course paper next week.”4. The curator said: “I will give you your student’s books.”5. John said: “I will have done the task by 2 o’clock tomorrow.”6. The tutor told his students: “We will be discussing this question at 9 o’clock tomorrow.”7. Jack said: “Tom will come to my place next Saturday.”8. The students agreed: “We will prepare a report for the next conference.”9. The tutor informed the students: “I will have given you the exam questions by Tuesday.”10. The coach assured: “Our university team will win the match tomorrow.”

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V. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:1. John announced that they _____ already __________ (develop) the project.2. The curator said that all the students of the group _______________ (get) their scholarship

next term.3. We coach exclaimed that our university football team _____ already __________ won the

match.4. The tutor informed the students that the University _______________ (have) a scientific

conference this week.5. Jack agreed that the English course _______________ (be) perfect the previous year.6. Jane and Jessica confirmed that they _______________ (participate) in the colloquium in

social studies next class.7. Professor Brown told that the next practical work _______________ (be) very interesting.8. The lecturer said that he _______________ (send) the presentation of the lecture to the

students by the next day.9. Most students agreed that they _______________ (discuss) the question at the time.10. She said that he _______________ (write) the report the day before.

VI. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:1. The curator said: “All students have winter holidays in January”.2. The professor explained: “Thomas Edison was the inventor of the electric light bulb”.3. The English language teacher said: “Google translator does not translate texts well”.4. Jane told her mother: “Mathematics is the language of science”. 5. Jack said: “Water boils at 100 degrees”6. Our English teacher said: “We do not use the Present Perfect when there is “ago” in a

sentence”.7. The student said: “Diamond is the hardest element”.8. The chemistry professor informed the students: “There are 18 groups of elements in the

periodic table”.9. He said: “Romeo and Juliette” was written by William Shakespeare.”10. The English tutor said: “The President of the United States is elected every 4 years”.

Приказы и просьбы в косвенной речи (Indirect Command and Request)

VII. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:1. Tom asked Jack: “Give me your notes till tomorrow.”2. The professor said: “Tom, join your group mates in the task.”3. The coach commanded: “Start the workout!”4. Jessica asked the tutor: “Sign the document, please.”5. The professor told the students: “Hand in your papers, please.”6. The dean asked the professor: “Send these students to the dean’s office, please.”7. My mother asked me: “Help your sister with her homework.”8. My group mates told me: “Wait for us, please.”9. The guard told us: “Do not enter the building.”10. The professor told the students: “Sit down, please.”

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VIII. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Jane. You have not seen her for a while. Here are some of the things Jane said to you:

I do a part-time work as a secretary at the university.

I have bought a car this month as my bike was stolen a month ago.

I am staying at my sister’s flat now.

Tell Jack I wish to see him.

I have met Sam this week. I will have passed my exam by the 5th of July.

I have been writing a report for two days already.

I do not know what Tom is doing now.

I saw Jessica at the conference in September.

Come to see me sometime.

Later that day you tell another friend what Jane said. Use indirect speech:1. Jane said that_____________________________________________________.

Общие вопросы в косвенной речи (Indirect General Questions)

IX. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:1. Tom asked: “Do you know the way to the library?”2. The tutor asked the students: “Have you done the home assignment?”3. The coach demanded: “Are you ready?”4. Professor Brown was interested: “Will you join me at the conference?”5. The librarian enquired: “Have you read the book?”6. Jane asked: “Were you listening to the lecture at 10 in the morning yesterday?”7. My group mate wanted to know: “Will you have handed in your course paper by June?”8. The prefect of the group asked: “Will you be attending this meeting tomorrow at 14.00?”9. The dean wanted to know: “Will you organise a video conference next September?”10. Jane asked: “Did you do the test yesterday?”

X. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:1. Jane asked if the weather __________ (be) fine in London last Sunday.2. Mr. Black demanded if it __________ (be) 5 o’clock.3. Professor Brown wanted to know if Jack __________ (remember) Sam’s mobile phone

number.4. Jane was interested if Sam __________ (stick) to the timetable.5. My friend asked me if I ever __________ (try) a lobster.6. The tutor demanded if we __________(translate) all the unknown words in the box.7. My friend asked me if I __________ (look) for a job.8. Professor Blown wanted to know if we __________ (learn) all the rules by Friday.9. The students asked the professor if he __________ (give) any points for delivering the speech

at the conference.10. The students inquired if they __________ (have) a class the next day.

Специальные вопросы в косвенной речи (Indirect Special Questions)

XI. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:1. Jack asked: “How many times a week do you have Physics this year?”

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2. Professor Brown wanted to know: “What kind of building is there opposite us?"3. Mr. Smith asked: “What time Will Jane come next time?"4. He inquired: “What are you doing here now?”5. It was important for him to know: “Where have you left the document?”6. Our coach asked: “Where will we meet to go to the competition?”7. The students wanted to know: “How many points will we get for our work?”8. They asked: “When will we have our vacations?"9. He inquired: “Why has she been writing the letter for 2 hours?"10. He asked: “When did she take the book from the library?”

Повторение (Revision)

XII. Find mistakes in the following sentences. There can be more than one mistake in each sentence. Rewrite the sentences correcting the mistakes:1. Jane said that she will be doing this task tomorrow.2. Tom asked what has Jack read this month.3. The tutor demanded weather the task has been difficult to complete.4. She asked him give her the article from the desk.5. It was announced the conference would took place next week.6. He knew that Jane has never been to London before.7. The coach asked if the gym would be ready tomorrow.8. The professor explained us that magnet attracted iron.9. They got to know that the competition has been postponed due to the weather conditions.10. The tutor said the conference will have finish by Tuesday.

XIII. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:1. Jane asked Tom: “Can I take a seat next to you?”2. Jessica demanded: “What should we have done in the situation?”3. The professor suggested: “The first aid course should be taken by every student in the group”.4. They got to know: “They should learn the text by heart.”5. She asked: “Can we use dictionaries during the exam?”6. The tutor informed the students: “You must do the laboratory work in time.”7. She regretted to say: “I have to leave now.”8. The students knew: “They must attend all the lectures of this professor.”9. Jane asked: “Where can I see the dean of the faculty?”10. They demanded: “What should they do in the task?"

XIV. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:Moscow,Russia,14.03.18Dear Mum,Thank you for your last letter. It was great to hear from again. Sorry for not writing. I have been too busy.I wish to tell you some University news. Last Tuesday our dean gathered us at the main hall and told us that some of our students 1. ______________ (fail) the previous session. He added that 2. ______________ (should /help) if we 3. ______________ (want) them to continue their education. Besides, the prefect announced that all the students 4. ______________ (must/do) x-ray or we 5. ______________ (be admitted) to the summer session. My English tutor praised me and asked if I 6. ______________ (agree) to participate in the next English olympiad. Of course, I answered him that I 7. ______________ (do) that with pleasure. Last Sunday my room mates asked me if I 8. ______________ (go) to the cinema with them. We watch a very interesting science fiction film.

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By the way, I met Jessica there. She asked me 9. ______________ (say) hello to you. And also she mentioned that she10. ______________ (visit) you last month. I did not know that.Hope everything is fine at home.Looking forward to hear from you again.With love,Jack

XV. Change the following sentences into indirect speech:1. The tutor said: “Good morning, students. Sit down.”2. The lecture explained: “Time management helps you to do everything in time.”3. Tom asked Jane “Can you help me with mathematics, please?”4. The professor demanded: “What do scientists mean by gravity?”5. He said: “It is illegal to drive without a license.”6. She assured her friends: “We will have reached our destination by this evening.”7. The student asked the tutor: “Shall I start reading read?”8. She said: “My plan has worked. The project is ours.”9. He responded: “I was not at the doctor’s yesterday.”10. The sign said: “Do not walk on the grass!”

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МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ (MODAL VERBS)I. Find mistakes in the sentences and correct them:1. Jack cans come with us to cinema2. I don’t can open my suitcase without the key3. Ms Wilkes can to see you tomorrow afternoon at two.4. We can to get tickets for the concert online.5. Does Sue can speak Spanish well?6. Can you to stay after the class for a few minutes?7. My grandfather doesn’t can see very well.8. Do you can drive?9. I don’t can speak Spanish.10. We can to come to your party.

II. Match the questions 1-10 with the answers A-J:1. Can I use your phone, please? I haven’t got my mobile.2. Please, may I leave the room for a few minutes?3. Can we go to the cinema this evening?4. Could I ask you for some advice?5. Could we leave our bags here?6. Can I take photo?7. Can we go home, please?8. Could you give us a copy of the rules?9. Can your Mum dance tango?10. Could you play the piano at the age of six?

A. No, you may not leave during the examination.B. Yes, of course you can. I’ll try to help.C. Yes, you can leave them at reception.D. Yes, of course. It’s on the table.E. No, you can’t use cameras in the museum. F. Yes, you can, but be back by 10.30.G. No, I’m afraid you can’t.H. Yes, I went in a music school since I was 5.I. Yes, of course. Please, wait.J. No, she cannot dance.

III. Choose the correct words in italics:1. The exam is finished. You must / don’t have to stop writing now.2. I have told you – you must / mustn’t take sweets from people you don’t know.3. It is a very busy road so you must / don’t have to cross carefully.4. We must / don’t have to go to the theatre – we can get the tickets on the Internet.5. I have sent the company an email so you mustn’t / don’t have to phone them.6. It’s an important interview. You don’t have to /mustn’t be late.7. It’s OK - we must / don’t have to pay because I’ve got free tickets.8. We mustn’t / don’t have to leave the party early - the taxi can comelater.9. You mustn’t / don’t have to be rude to Auntie, Tomas!10. I must / have to remember to phone the doctor.

IV. Complete the sentences with a past or future form of have to. Use shortforms:

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1. We … carry cash in the future, if we can use credit cards for everything.2. We … go shopping yesterday because we still had some food in the fridge.3. … I … pay for the course when I arrive or can I pay at the end?4. My computer stopped working last week; I … go and buy a new one!5. … you … queue to get on the bus this morning?6. When I was at school, we … have sports lessons twice a week.7. They … get visas when they went to America last year.8. In 2015 she … go to the USA to take part in competitions.9. We … pay more for petrol in the future because the price of oil isincreasing.10. We … show our passports at the border between France and Germany.

V. Match the problems 1 – 10 with the advice A – J. Then complete theadvice with should or shouldn’t:1. I want to speak more Spanish to improve my conversation.2. My mobile phone bills are huge!3. I often have a stomachache, when I go to bed.4. My job is really boring and I don’t like my boss.5. My apartment’s very untidy because I am not often there.6. I always have a headache, when I wake up.7. Tom doesn’t understand his homework.8. I need to earn more money.9. I’d like to learn to play the piano.10. Tina is often tired at work.

A. You … look for something more interesting.B. You … talk so much. Send text messages to your friends.C. You … have the window open in your bedroom.D. You … have private lessons with a teacher.E. You … eat large meals late at night.F. You … go out so often. Spend some time at home.G. You ... to get a new job.H. You ... start having lessons.I. She … not watch late at night.J. He … ask his teacher about it.

VI. Match the sentences:1. There’s nothing interesting on TV tonight.2. That man’s wearing a white coat.3. I saw Julia at the sports centre yesterday.4. Dario’s looking much thinner.5. The director isn’t answering her phone.6. My spelling isn’t very good.7. The house is completely dark.8. We want to go skiing this winter.9. It’s snowing in New York.10. Students may not speak French.

A. We might go to Switzerland.B. I might watch a DVD instead.C. Everyone must be out.D. That can’t be right. She’s in Milan.

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E. I might buy a dictionary. F. He must be on a new diet.G. Really? It must be colder then here.H. She may be in a meeting.I. He might be a doctor.J. They study English.

VII. Complete the following sentences using the most appropriateforms of the verbs:1. Jack has got a headache. He … sleep well recently.a) can’tb) couldn’t havec) hasn’t been able to

2. I … sleep for hours, when I was a little girl.a) couldb) am able toc) can

3. Tom … play tennis well but he … play a game yesterday because hewas ill.a) couldn’t, couldb) can, was ablec) can, couldn’t

4. I didn’t want to be late for the meeting. We … meet at 5 sharp.a) were tob) had toc) could

5. Where are my gloves? — I … put them on because it’s cold today.a) can’tb) have toc) needn’t

6. You … take an umbrella today. The Sun is shining.a) needn’tb) mustn’tc) can’t

7. I’m sorry, you didn’t invite me to your birthday party. You … invite menext time.a) mustb) shouldc) need to

8. Well, it’s 10 o’clock. I … go now.a) canb) has toc) must

9. You … smoke so much.67

a) wouldb) can’tc) shouldn’t

10. We have got plenty of time. We … hurry.a) mustb) needn’tc) should

VIII. Select the appropriate modal verb in brackets:1. You … (don’t have to/must not) go to school if you have a hightemperature.2. The exam is next week. So, you … (must/can) study hard.3. I will cook everything for the party, so you … (don’t have to/mustn’t) bringany food.4. He needs more exercise, he … (should/can) go to a gym.5. Women … (are allowed to/have to) cover their heads in a church.6. I … (can’t/can) speak Italian very well because I didn’t learn it at school.7. We … (could/couldn’t) sleep last night because of the storm.8. Sam … (must/had to) leave the party early because his wifedisappeared.9. If you train more you … (could/will be able to) run faster.10. I was … (ought to/able to) buy a dishwasher with my credit card. IX. Place the words in the sentences with modal verbs in order:1. chairs – have – to – many – you – did – buy – so – why?2. after – to – you – tree – have – look – this – carefully – very.3. have – doesn’t – my — correct – she – to – mistakes.4. invite – wedding — should – our – we – cousins – the – to.5. shouldn’t – today – without – an — outside – go – she – umbrella.6. socks – the – wash – must – every — their – boys – evening.7. mustn’t – son – lighter – my – play – with – a.8. I – off – can – day – have – a?9. aren’t – in — you – shout – the — to – allowed – museum.10. could – to –have — station – he – gone — the.

X. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains can't, might, must,should or needn't:1. I’m sure that David took your books by mistake.2. It was a mistake to park outside the police station3. It was unnecessary for you to clean the floor.4. I’m sure that Liz hasn’t met Harry before.5. Heather possibly hasn’t left yet.6. I’m sure they haven’t eaten all the food. It’s not possible!7. Jack is supposed to have arrived half an hour ago.8. Perhaps Pam and Tim decided not to come.9. I think it was the cat that took the fish from the table!10. It was a waste of time worrying, after all!

XI. Choose the most suitable response to each comment orquestion:1. A: What did I do wrong?

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B: a) You shouldn’t have connected these two wires,b) You didn’t have to connect these two wires.2. A: Why is the dog barking?B: a) It should have heard something,b) It must have heard something.3. A: Why are you home so early? В: a) I needn’t have worked this afternoon,b) I didn’t have to work this afternoon.4. A: Why did you worry about me? I didn’t take any risks.B: a) You must have been injured.b) You could have been injured.5. A: You forgot my birthday again!B: a) Sorry, I should have looked in my diary,b) Sorry, I had to look in my diary.6. A: We had a terrible crossing on the boat in a storm.B: a) That didn’t have to be very pleasant!b) That can’t have been very pleasant!7. A: Where were you yesterday? You didn’t turn up!В: a) I had to go to London.b) I must have gone to London.8. A: What do you think about the election?B: a) The Freedom Party had to win.b) The Freedom Party should have won.9. A: There’s a lot of food left over from the party, isn’t there?B: a) Yes, you couldn’t have made so many sandwiches.b) Yes, you needn’t have made so many sandwiches.10. A: What do you think has happened to Tony?В: a) I don’t know, he should have got lost,b) I don’t know, he might have got lost.

XII. Translate the sentences into English:1. Вы должны бросить курить.2. Вечеринка была замечательная. Вам следовало прийти.3. Ты можешь решить эту проблему.4. Тебе следует навестить своего больного друга.5. Тебе следовало навестить своего больного друга, но ты не навестил.6. Не хотите еще чая?7. Я вынужден был сделать это.8. Я не знаю, почему мы спешили. Нам не нужно было спешить.9. Я бы хотел пойти с тобой.10. Ты можешь делать все, что хочешь.

XIII. Insert verbs may or can:1. Only a person who knows the language very well … answer such a question.2. Let me look at your exercises. I … be able to help you.3. I … not swim, because until this year the doctor did not allow me to be more than two minutes in the water. But this year he says I … stay in for fifteen minutes if I like, so I’m going to learn to swim.4. Libraries are quite free, and anyone who likes … get books there.5. I … come and see you tomorrow if I have time.6. Take your raincoat with you: it … rain today.7. Do you think you … do that?

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8. I … finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me anymore.9. … we come and see you next Sunday at three o’clock in the afternoon?10. What time is it? – It … - be about six o’clock, but I am not sure.

XIV. Make these sentences, in which there are modal verbs, negative:1. You must read in bed.2. You can cross the road when the lights are red.3. You should open the window. It is cold outside.4. It is already late. She must go outside.5. He should dress so formal if he goes to a picnic.6. You must keep books at home so long.7. You can park here.8. Students may shout at the lessons.9. Teachers may be late for school.10.Parents must obey their children.

XV. Complete each sentence so that it contains might, might not,must, mustn't, can or can't. More than one answer may be possible:1. Don’t stand up in the boat! You ... fall in the river!2. Sue says she’s stuck in traffic and she ... be late.3. You really ... start spending more time on your work.4. Tell Peter he ... stay the night here if he wants to.5. That’s a really stupid idea! You ... be serious, surely!6. You ... realize it, but this is very important to me.7. Don’t be silly. You ... expect me to believe you!8. We’re not sure but we ... go to Prague for Christmas this year.9. Me learn to fly! You ... be joking!10. Bill cooked the lunch, so you ... expect anything special!

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ИНФИНИТИВ (INFINITIVE).ИНФИНИТИВНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ «СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ» И «СЛОЖНОЕ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ»(INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS «COMPLEX OBJECT« AND «COMPLEX SUBJECT»)I. Fill in the gaps using the appropriate word from the box below doing all the necessary changes:

Get, act, go, take, accept, buy, do, switch on, use, interrupt1. Jillian is thinking whether new interesting job far from home should__ it or not. 2. Do you know what ___ if the robbers burst into the bank?3. The teacher wanted all the computers ______.4. We are trying to choose the country ________ on holiday.5. Mike has not decided what computer game ________.6. I know this device __________ in this situation.7. Tell them how ____ to the station.8. The suitcase is not necessary ___________ for 2 days.9. She does not know what should _________ in this situation.10. Nobody likes _________.

II. Open the brackets and choose the appropriate form of the Infinitive:1. Tom is glad (to invite / to have invited / to be invited) to the party.2. Anita will be happy (to see / to have seen/ to be seen) you.3. Children like (to tell / to have told/ to be told) tales.4. Nick is glad (to send / to have sent / to be sent) abroad.5. Diana likes (to ask / to have asked / to be asked) her mother questions.6. It was a pleasure (to meet / to have met / to be met) you at the station.7. Helen is satisfied (to already write / to have already written / to be already written) her composition.8. Look! A ship can (see / have seen/ be seen) in the distance.9. Tina does not like (to ask / to have asked / to be asked) questions she could not answer.10. Pam was happy (to tell / to have told/ to be told) her parents about the matter.

III. Match the two parts of the sentences:

1. They cannot afford a. to have holiday

2. Are you fit enough b. to ask for help

3. It would be foolish c. to post a letter?

4. The weather is fine. Why not d. to see how she is.

5. If you need, do not hesitate e. go to the country

6. Could you remind me f. to phone me and ask for help.

7. Parent could phone g. to spend too much money on nothing

8. Who allowed you h. to take part in the competition?

9. She is too proud i. to shout at Ann?

10. Jill is tired enough to be eager j. to go out very much

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IV. Choose the correct form of the Infinitive:1. Jillian is glad ____________ at the party.a) to inviteb) to be invitedc) to have invited2.Do not forget __________ them to the party.a) to inviteb) to be invitedc) to have invited3. Betty is proud _____________ this film before. a) to seeb) to be seenc) to have seen4. This book is ___________.a) to readb) to be readc) to have read5. A good dinner is difficult ____________ in our canteen.a) to getb) to be gotc) to have got6. They are happy __________ the article.a) to translateb) to be translatedc) to have already translated7. Who is the one _____?a) to get blameb) to be blamedc) to have blamed8. Jane was the first _________a) to comeb) to be comec) to have been come9. Frank was the last ___________ the taska) to dob) to be donec) to have did10. Sheila was glad ________ so many people to her party.a) to be inviteb) to be invitedc) to have invited

V. Choose the best translation to the phrase:1. to cut a long story shorta) разбить длинный рассказ на эпизодыb) сократить длинную повесть до короткойc) короче говоря2. to put it mildlya) поставив точкуb) оставить в сторонеc) мягко выражаясь3. to tell the truth

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a) высказать претензииb) чтоб не сказать лишнегоc) по правде говоря4. to say nothing ofa) не говоря уже о том, чтоb) чтоб не сказать лишнегоc) по правде говоря5. to say the least of ita) по меньшей мереb) чтоб не сказать лишнегоc) на деле6. to begin witha) не говоря уже о том, чтоb) чтоб не сказать лишнегоc) начнем с того7. to leave much to be desireda) желательно b) оставлять желать лучшегоc) много хочется8. pleasant to look ata) любо-дорого посмотретьb) оставлять желать лучшегоc) по правде говоря9. hard to pleasea) не угодишьb) оставлять желать лучшегоc) язык не повернется просить10. difficult to deal witha) по меньшей мере сделать надоb) оставлять желать лучшегоc) трудно иметь дело

VI. Periphrase the word combinations in bold without changing the meaning:1.We noticed the woman entered the house through the back door.2. I saw they were walking along the road.3. I did not hear that she said something because she spoke in a soft voice.4.We saw the postman slipped a thick envelope into the box.5. You can’t make me. I won’t do such things.6. We saw that all the teachers were in the hall.7. Parents usually expect their children are obedient.8. She thought he was a qualified specialist. 9. I expect the goods will be loaded at once.10. I want my hair will be cut.

VII. Choose the best translation to the sentences:1. She is known to live in France. a) Она знает, как жить во Франции.b) Известно, что она живет во Франции.c) Она узнала, кто живет во Франции.2. The film festival was reported to take place in July this year.a) Сообщали, что кинофестиваль пройдет в июле в этом году.b) Репортаж о кинофестивале пройдет в июле этого года.

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c) Фильм покажут на фестивале в июле этого года.3. He was thought to study here. a) Он думал поучиться здесь.b) Здесь он учился думать.с) Думали, что он учится здесь.4. The tickets were supposed to be sold.a) В билетах предлагали торговать.b) Предполагали, что билеты продадут.с) Билеты на продажу были предложены.5. The student is expected to become famousa) Ожидают, что студент станет известным.b) Студент ожидает, что приедут известные люди.с) Студент ожидает, что станет известным.6. He proved to be a good scientist.a) Он оправдал хорошего ученого.b) Он доказывал, что ученый хорош.с) Оказалось, что он хороший ученый.7.He was expected to arrive in the morning.a) Он ожидал, что прибудет утром.b) Ожидали, что он прибудет утром.с) Он ожидал тех, кто прибудет утром8.She is unlikely to help us.a) Она вряд ли поможет нам.b) Она не любит помогать нам.с) Она хотела бы помочь нам.9. She didn`t happen to be there at the moment.a) Вышло так, что ее не было там в этот момент.b) Она не знала, что случилось там тогда.с) Она знала, что там не случилось ничего в тот момент.10. She turned out very beautiful.a) Она красиво обернулась.b) Она вытащила все красивое.с) Она оказалась очень красивой.

VIII. Choose the appropriate phrase from the box and make all necessary changes to replace the words in bold:to say nothing of \ to cut a long story short \ pleasant to look at \ to say the least of it \ to put it mildly \ hard to please \ to tell the truth \ to begin with \ to leave much to be desired \ difficult to deal with

1. Anyway, dropping the details, Robert was very nervous. 2. Firstly, you should do it.3. When they had an accident, they were upset, not to say more.4. Diana was a pretty nice and charming creature.5. I have to admit, Jill saw nothing. 6. She had already eaten a large lunch, not to mention a full cooked breakfast that morning.7. His way of thinking was not perfect.8. We were all very angry with his behaviour, if we try to be very polite.9. I hate him, because he is not an easy-going person.10. My boss is not satisfied with anything I can do.

IX. Choose the correct sentence with the Infinitive:

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1. a) Lily expects him to understand her.b) Lily expects he to understand her.c) Lily expects his to understand her.2. a) Jill noticed him walk along the street.b) Jill noticed him to walking along the street.c) Jill noticed he walking along the street.3. a) Our manager saw me to walk into the office.b) Our manager saw me walk into the office.c) Our manager saw mine walking into the office.4. a) The teacher didn't want the student to arrive so late.b) The teacher didn't want the student arrive so late.c) The teacher didn't want the student arriving so late.5. a) The trainer will make the athletes to do it.b) The trainer will make the athletes doing it.c) The trainer will make the athletes do it.6. a) All the kids heard him say that.b) All the kids heard he say that.c) All the kids heard he to saying that.7. a) Hope felt somebody touch her feet.b) Hope felt somebody to touching her feet.c) Hope felt somebody to touch her feet.8. a) She won't let me to go.b) She won't let me go.c) She won't let I go.9. a) Mother made his son to swim in the pool.b) Mother made his son swim in the pool.c) Mother made his son to swimming in the pool.10. a) Would you like we to draw it now?b) Would you like us to draw it now?c)Would you like us to drawing it now?

X. Make up the sentences with Complex Object using the verb in brackets:1. Jane thinks Dave will phone. (expect)2. My father said Mum could use his car. (allow)3. Rick suggested that Fiona should go home. (offer)4. Ron asked his friend 'Can you help me?' (ask)5. Less thinks you should know the truth. (want)6. Joan thinks Din will come. (expect)7. Rick suggested that Beth should come in.(offer)8. Don asked if his sister would arrive. (ask)9. My father said my granny could use his mobile. (allow)10. Line thinks you should know the right answer. (want)

XI. Periphrase using the Complex Object:1. The teacher said to the pupils: “Learn the rule.”2. “Be careful, or else you will spill the milk,” said my mother to me. 3. “My daughter will go to a ballet school,” said the woman. 4. The man said: “My son will study mathematics.” 5. “Oh, father, buy me this toy, please,” said the little boy. 6. “Wait for me after school,” said Ann to me. 7. “Fix the shelf in the kitchen,” my father said to me. 8. “It will be very good if you study English,” said my brother to me.

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9. “Fetch me some water from the river, children,” said our grandmother. 10. “Come to my birthday party,” said Kate to her classmates.

XII. Choose the best translation to the sentences:1. Учитель заставил ее переписать упражнение. a) The teacher forced her to rewrite the exercise. b) The teacher forced she to rewrite the exercise. c) The teacher is forced her to rewrite the exercise. 2. Она заставила собаку перепрыгнуть через забор.a) She made the dog to jump over the fence.b) She made the dog jump over the fence.c) She made the dog jumping over the fence.3. Он заставил брата прыгнуть в воду. a) He forced his brother jumping into the water.b) He forced his brother to jump into the water.c) He forced to his brother jump into the water.4. Дождь заставил нас вернуться домой. a) The rain made us to return home.b) The rain made us return home.c) The rain made us returning home.5. Заставьте ее надеть пальто: сегодня очень холодно.a) Make her wear a coat: it's very cold today. b) Make her to wear a coat: it's very cold today. c) Make her wearing a coat: it's very cold today. 6. Почему вы не заставили сына выучить стихотворение? a) Why did not you get your son to learn the poem?b) Why did not you got your son learn the poem?c) Why did not you get your son learning the poem?7. Я не могу заставить свою кошку ловить мышей.a) I cannot get my cat to catch mice.b) I cannot get my cat to catching mice.c) I cannot get my cat catching mice. 8. Когда ты заставишь своего друга делать зарядку? a) When will you get your friend to do exercises?b) When will you get your friend doing exercises?c) When will you get your friend to doing exercises?9. Пожалуйста, не заставляйте меня пить молоко. a) Please do not make me drink milk. b) Please do not make me to drink milk. c) Please do not make me drinking milk. 10. Она не могла заставить его ложиться спать рано. a) She could not get him going to bed early.b) She could not get him to going to bed early.c) She could not get him to go to bed early.

XIII. Match the phrases with their translations:1. to cut a long story short A не говоря о

2. to put it mildly B быть последним, кто это сделал

3. to tell the truth C начиная с того что

4. to say nothing of D желать лучшего

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5.to say the least of it E не говоря уже о

6.to begin with F по меньшей мере

7. much to be desired G по правде сказать

8. to be worth it H мягко говоря

9. to be the last to do I того стоить

10. not to mention J короче говоря

XIV. Open the brackets, using the appropriate form of the infinitive:1. The teacher hates (to bother) his colleague, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work.2. Hope seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: she was so anxious (to talk) about.3. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick dog.4. Hope began writing books not because she wanted (to earn) a living. 5. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition.6. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris.7. The enemy army was reported (to over-throw) the defence lines and (to advance) towards the suburbs of the city.8. The woman pretended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell.9. You seem (to look) for trouble.10. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was covered with a deep layer of snow.

XV. Match the 2 parts of the sentences:1. Never once had she been seen 2. There was a rumour at last they were likely 3. Mr. Worthing is sure4. His “office” turned out 5. That was supposed6. He appeared …7. She doesn’t seem to want8. They are perfectly certain9. I chanced to tell 10. He was said

a) to be one of the most promising nuclear physicists. b) him our legend.c) to be an ideal home man.d) to do anything I suggest. e) to be in one of the back streets.f) to hold them together. g) to be back soon.j) to cry.h) to get married.i) to be extremely great friends.

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ПРИЧАСТИЕ (PARTICIPLE)I. Put the words in brackets into the right form:1. (Be very tired) with his walk, however, he soon fell asleep and forgot his troubles.2. (Shake) hands with them, he brought his own hands together with a sharp slap.3. Manuel went in, (carry) his suitcase.4. I am going to Rome, (have) friends there.5. While (ponder) this problem, I sat in the dormitory window-seat.6. There was sunlight (come) in through the shutters.7. Abraham appeared at noon the next day, (bring) with him two hundred dollars in cash.8. Much of the afternoon I looked out of the window, as though (think), but not really (think).9. Cecilia had heard very little, (be absorbed) in her own reflections.10. (breakfast), out I went.

II. Periphrase using the appropriate form of participle:1. Peter felt quieter, because he was promised help.2. Jack was told to take off his coat and wait after he was shown in.3. Robin started the building of the house at once and finished it soon. 4. Hope poured out a cup of coffee, sat down in an armchair and looked at the man who was sitting opposite her.5. Heather suddenly stopped as she remembered that she had forgotten to phone her friend.6. Hugo looked at me and hesitated: he did not know what to say.7. Fred easily found his way to the market, because he had long lived in those parts and knew the place very well.8. He has no language problems, as he has been studying English for a long time.9. Tina went out as they had come, but she saw nobody.10. When he arrived at the railway station, he bought a ticket.

II. Match the phrases to the translation:1. stirred by the beauty of the twilight2. as if turned to stone.3. amazed at her friendliness.4. a married woman smiling at her husband5. presented to a girl 6. displeased and uncertain7. with closed eyes8. prepared for any consequences9. station lit by a single bulb10. wide thickly carpeted stairs.

a) замужняя женщина, улыбающаяся мужуb) пораженный ее дружелюбиемc) взволнованный красотой сумерекd) как бы превращенный в камень.e) недовольные и неопределенныеf) с закрытыми глазамиg) готовый к любым последствиямh) представленный девушкеi) широкие густые ковровые лестницы.j) станция, освещенная одной лампой

IV. Choose the right variant of translation:1) замечаяa) noticingb) noticedc) having noticed2) заметивa) noticingb) noticedc) having noticed3) замечающийa) noticingb) noticed

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c) having noticed4) заметившийa) noticingb) noticedc) having noticed5) замеченныйa) noticingb) noticedc) having noticed6) приглашаяa) inviting,b) having invitedc) invited7) пригласивa) inviting,b) having invitedc) invited8) приглашаемыйa) inviting,b) being invitedc) invited9) приглашенныйa) inviting,b) having been invitedc) having invited10) приглашающийa) inviting,b) having been invitedc) having invited

V. Choose the right variant of translation:1. The evidence being strong, the accused was found guilty by the jury.a) В виду весомых улик обвиняемого признали виновным. b) Очевидец был сильней, поэтому обвиненного сочли виновным в суде.c) Сильные свидетельства обвиняли, и были признаны виновными присяжными.2. The jury having disagreed at the first trial, the accused got a retrial.a) Присяжные, не согласившиеся на первое судебное заседание, обвинили пересуд.b) Судья, не согласившись с присяжными, обвинил их в попытке устроить повторное разбирательство.c) В ходе первого разбирательства вердикт вынесен не был, поэтому обвиняемого судили повторно.3. The officer must show the warrant to the person being arrested and must inform him of the cause of the arrest.a) Должностное лицо должно предъявить ордер арестованному и сообщить ему о причине ареста.b) Офицер должен показать уведомление, будучи пойманным военкомом, и сообщить ему о причине уклонения от службы.c) Офицер должен показать уведомление должностному лицу, будучи под арестом, и сообщить о причине ареста.4. Labour law is a system of rules regulating labour relations.a) Закон о труде — это система правил, устойчивых для трудовых вопросов.b) Закон о труде — это правильная система отношений на работе.

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c) Трудовое право – это система правил, регулирующих трудовые отношения.5. Having been considered by the situation in the region began to improve.a) Рассмотрение ситуации в регионе стало улучшаться.b) После рассмотрения ситуации в регионе власти занялись ее улучшением.c) После ситуационного рассмотрения регион стал улучшаться.6. We have three lectures today, the last being on English.a) У нас три лекции сегодня, причем последняя по английскому.b) У нас сегодня три лекции, а опоздавшие пойдут еще и на английский.с) У нас сегодня три лекции, лишь отстающие будут заниматься одним английским.7. The cars filling the street moved very slowly.a) Машины, заполняющие дороги, ехали медленно.b) Машину, чувствуя дорогу, ехали медленно.c) Ощущение из машины было, что улица медленно двигалась.8. We watched the birds flying in the sky. a) Мы смотрели на птиц, летящих по небу.b) Мы смотрели на птиц, пролетая по небу.c) Мы смотрели на птиц, на полеты и на небо.9. When beginning to work with the dictionary, don't forget my instructions.a) Когда начало словаря, то помнишь про инструкции.b) Читая словарь сначала, не забудь прочесть инструкцииc) Когда будешь работать со словарем, помни, чему я тебя учил.10. Be careful crossing a street.a) Перекресток улиц — тщательно спроектированный объект.b) Будь осторожен, переходя дорогу.c) Будь осторожным пересечением улица!

VI. Put the verb in brackets in the appropriate form:1. Why have you got that … (worry) expression on your face? Are you in trouble?2. The teacher was … (disappoint) with the test results.3. Jack’s answer was … (disappoint).4. I went to the exhibition of French art last week and I was very much … (impress).5. We saw a lot of … (fascinate) paintings.6. I was so … (excite) that I couldn’t say a word.7. The trip to the mountains was so … (excite) — we enjoyed every minute of it.8. I’m … (bore) — I have nothing to do.9. The lecture was so … (bore) that a few listeners fell asleep.10. We liked the Room of Horrors but some of the tricks were rather … (frighten).

VII. Complete the texts using appropriate Participles from the box:arriving late \ having proposed a plan \ starting from 7:15 to 7:50 A.M \ returning from some

games\ toting cups of coffee \ ranging from \ slumping

In high schools __________, teachers, students and administrators describe early morning classes with students __________, _________and _________with their heads on their desks.Factors _________ teen-agers needing to assert themselves to increased academic and social obligations all tend to push bedtime later.Of course, biological sleep rhythms are not the only reason adolescents are so tired. Students __________ do not get home until 8 pm and then begin their homework. But the district __________ that would have allowed the high school to open later but would have cost the community more in transportation costs, it was voted down.

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VIII. Match the Participle phrases with their definitions:

1. as mentioned above2. as intended 3. as opposed to4. bearing in mind5. generally speaking6. granted7. judging on appearance8. looking further ahead9. summarizing10. as far as … is concerned

a) taking into accountb) if it is soc) in contrastd) as it was written earliere) as it seemsf) in generalg) in the way that has been plannedh) and if we speak abouti) it was proved beforej) if we try to conclude

IX. Choose the correct form of Participle:1. Sheila stayed ________ in her room, refusing to come downstairs. a) lockedb) lockingc) having locked2. Hope had a good practical knowledge of the language, ________as an interpreter for many years. a) workedb) workingc) having worked3. Tina went out as they had come, seeing nobody and _______ by no one on their way. a) seeb) seeingc) being seen4. Except for the grand piano and the pianist ________ before it, the stage was empty. a) satb) sitingc) having sit5. ________her meal Leisly went for a stroll in the park.a) finishingb) finishedc) having finished6. Working late every day is __________a) tiringb) tiredc) having tired7. _________by the roaring thunder, Lola burst out crying.a) frighteningb) frightenedc) having frightened8. The _____ treasure has not been found yet.a) hidingb) hidenc) having hiden9. Tilda was writing with the light _________a) burningb) burntc) having burnt10. The poem remained _________ during the yearsa) unfinishing

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b) unfinishedc) having unfinished

X. Periphrase the word combinations in bold without changing the meaning:1. As boys had lost the key, they couldn’t get in.2. He was a good boy and helped his mother in the kitchen.3. After the child was given the toy, he stopped crying.4. Hugo was sitting in an armchair and he was reading a book. 5. As Homer had missed the train, he spent the whole night at the station.6. She walked home and met an old friend.7. John had been working in the company for many years , he knew everyone and everything.8. Since we watch the news every day we know what's going on in the world.9. Someone decorated t he house with lights and it looked beautiful.10. Tim walked along the road and saw a snake.

XI. Choose the best translation to the sentences:1. She could feel her hands trembling.a) Она могла чувствовать свои руки, дрожа.b) Она чувствовала, как у нее дрожат руки. c) Она могла пощупать дрожащего руками.2. Lina wants the work done quick.a) Лина хочет, чтобы работа была сделана быстро.b) Лина хочет работать сделанным быстро инструментом.c) Лина хочет работать готовым квиком.3. I had my piano tuned.a) У меня были настройки под пианино.b) У меня было пианино, играющее.c) Мне настроили пианино.4. The door of the room being open, we came in.a) Дверь открыла комнату, в которую мы входили не раз.b) Едва дверь в комнату открыли, мы вошли.c) Дверь комнаты, в которую мы входили, всегда открыта.5. Looking her best, Gill managed to attract his attention.a) Смотреть лучше Джилл удалось, прибегая к вниманию.b) Джилл справилась с вниманием, чтобы пригядеться получше.c) Выглядев настолько хорошо, насколько она могла, Джилл привлекла его внимание.6.The work done, we got the money for it. a) Работа была сделана, и мы получили за нее деньги.b) Пока мы работали, мы получали деньги.c) Созданные для работы, мы получали деньги по заслугам. 7. The match being over, the players went homea) Подняв спичку над головой, игроки пошли домой.b) Матч кончился, и игроки разошлись по домам.c) Будучи выше всех совпадений, игроки пошли домой.8. He walked about the streets, his coat unbuttoned.a) Он ходил по улицам, покрывая неприкнопленное.b) Он брел по улицам в расстегнутом пальто.c) Он ходил по улицам, облицовывая незабетоннированные дороги.9.Time permitting, we’ll go for a walk.a) Мы пойдем прогуляться, если позволит время.b) Мы дадим себе время на прогулку.c) Времени позволим течь своим чередом.

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10.The lamp having risen, we continued our way.a) Если у лампы были бы риски, мы продолжили бы путь.b) После того, как фонарь был поднят, мы продолжили свой путь. c) Поднятые лампы встречались нам на всем дальнейшем пути.

12. Choose the appropriate phrase from the box to fill in the gaps:with a sinking heart \ than sinning \ a bleeding heart \ raining men \ done by \ being in the red \

never knowing when the next meal was coming \ matters repeated \ catch you stealing \ clothed in scarlet

1. I cannot hear any more these __________.2. The weather seems awful, it is ___________.3. If I _________ my apples again, there'll be trouble!4. ___________ I read the letter from my husband.5. Apes are apes though __________.6. _________I had to put off the purchase of a car.7. Do as you would be __________8. He does not seem sincere. He proves __________ liberal. 9. More sinned against __________.10.They lived from hand to mouth, ____________.

13.Open the brackets and choose the appropriate form of Participle:1. (Sorting \ Having sorted \ Having been sorted) goods were placed in a warehouse.2.During the thunderstorm, the (frightening \ having frightened \ frightened) cat hid under the bed 3.The (breaking \ having broken \ broken) glass cut my foot. 4.The test (writing \ being written \ having written) now is our final paper work.5. (Speeding \ speeded \ being speeded) toward the finish line, Luis was going to win the race.6.The girl, (dreaming of being \ dreamt of being \ being dreamt of being) a civil engineer, decided to take an extra maths class.7. (Not knowing \ Not known \ Doing not known) his way, Rick asked the Policeman. 8. (Blinded by smog \ Blinding by smog \ Having blinded), Sally lost her way.9. (Comed \ Being come \ Having come) of age, Fred could make choices in life.10. (Driving \ Being driven \ Driven) by hunger, Robert stole a piece of bread.

14. Fill in the gaps with the words in brackets. Put the words in appropriate form:1. There was a loaf of brown bread ________ into two halves. (devision)2. She smiled _________ of the joke. (thought)3. A new road will soon be built _________ the plant with the railway station. (connection)4. __________ article will be typed. (translation)5. __________ that she could trust them she did not know what to do. (knowledge)6. And _______ this he threw himself back in the armchair. (pronunciation)7. It was a band __________ us so much we could not help smiling! (amaze)8. Jack _________ with the results started from the very beginning. (disappointment)9. We completed our experiment, with the results ________ (publication)10. _________ dishes lay on the floor. (breakage)

15. Match the translations in the right column with the forms of participles in the left one:1. the article translated a) когда статью перевели

2. translating the article b) переведя статью

3. having translated the article c) переведенная статья

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4. the article having been translated d) переводя статью

5. being used e) применяя

6. using f) когда применили

7. having been used g) применив

8. having used h) будучи применяющимся

9. book read i) читая книгу

10. reading the book j) читаемая книга

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ГЕРУНДИЙ (GERUND)I. Choose the proper preposition:1. Read the rule … writing the exercise. a) after b) before c) by the time2. Diana is fond … collecting posters of pop singers.a) for b) to c) of3. Betty likes art very much and she is keen … visiting art galleries. a) in b) on c) about4. Black is tired … painting the wall. He has been working for 5 hours. a) of b) after c) for5. Susan is clever … learning English. a) of b) for c) at6. I don’t understand how David can fish for hours … catching anything. a) with b) without c) on7. Kate bought a book … buying an umbrella. a) but b) without c) instead of8. … visiting the British Museum the tourists were very much impressed. a) After b) Before c) Instead of9. I can’t get used … getting up early. a) for b) with c) to10. … hearing the news Mr White felt pleased. a) On b) With c) By

II. Choose the proper preposition:1. We were fascinated … Ella’s singing Russian songs.a) by b) about c) on2. I like the idea … visiting St. Petersburg this summer.a) of b) to c) about3. Jack answered the examiners’ questions … thinking and later he regretted it.a) without b) instead of c) with 4. Thank you … helping us in troubles.a) about b) for c) by 5. My friends and I dream … going to England. a) to b) of c) for6. Children went for a walk … switching off the light.a) without b) by c) before7. We were surprised … meeting Alice at the theatre. She was going to stay at home on that day.a) at b) by c) with8. Sorry … interrupting you, but could you show me the way to the nearest cinema?a) for b) at c) of9. We have improved our English … learning the new words and rules every day. a) by b) for c) with10. Pamela looking forward … visiting London again. a) on b) to c) about

III. Open the brackets using Gerund. Translate sentences into Russian:1. She couldn’t help (make) mistakes.2. The monument is worth (see).3. The problem is not worth (discuss).4. Do you mind my (ask) you a question?5. Would you mind my (come) again in a year?

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6. She couldn’t help (smile).7. I cannot put off (see) my old friend.8. Please forgive my (interfere).9. Excuse my (leave) you at such a moment.10. She denied (be) at home that evening.

IV. Choose Infinitive or Gerund:1. 1. I am planning … (to visit/visiting) my granny next week. 2. When they finish … (to eat/eating) their lunch, they’ll go to the office.3. He suggested … (to buy/buying) some food. 4. Does Sally enjoy … (to go/going) to the gym? 5. Don’t put off … (to write/writing) a report till the end of the month. 6. John refused … (to answer/answering) my question. 7. My brother intends … (to get/getting) married soon. 8. I think she didn’t mean … (to hurt/hurting) you. 9. Keep … (to watch/watching) the children. 10. Fred can’t afford … (to travel/travelling) this year.

V. Choose Infinitive or Gerund:1. We expect … (to leave/leaving) tomorrow. 2. Mary decided … (to fly/flying) to Venice.3. The sportsmen hope … (to get/getting) the best results. 4. Are you going to give up … (to smoke/smoking)? 5. They don’t want … (to have/having) any more pets. 6. I don’t mind … (to wash up/washing up). 7. Girls, stop … (to giggle/giggling). 8. Ben likes … (to play/playing) chess. 9. Lara goes … (to dance/dancing) every weekend. 10. Harry can’t stand … (to work/working) on Saturdays.

11. Match the halves:1. She is interested2. I would like3. You should give up4. We really enjoy5. I’m looking forward6. He is use7. She pretended8. Pamela is good9. I couldn’t help10. She avoids

a) drinking alcohol.b) to seeing my daughter.c) being ill.d) laughing at her.e) to living in a dirty house.f) talking to drunk people.g) swimming in the sea.h) to have a cup of coffee.i) in surfing the Internet.j) at riding a horse.

VII. Fill in the gaps with the proper verb in Gerund:

apply, be, listen, make, answer, see, look, use, wash, work

1. He tried to avoid ... my question2. Could you please stop ... so much noise?3. I enjoy … to music.4. I considered ... for the job but in the end I decided against it.5. Have you finished … your hair yet?6. If you walk into the road without …, you may be knocked down.

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7. Jim is 65 but he isn`t going to retire yet. He wants to carry on ...8. I don`t mind you … the phone as long as you pay for all your calls.9. Hello! Fancy … you here! What a surprise!10. What a stupid thing to do. Can you imagine anybody … so stupid!

VIII. Explain the usage of the Gerund. You can choose the explanation more than once:a) отглагольное существительное;b) после глаголов, требующих V-ing;c) после предлогов.

1. Reading English technical magazines is important for engineers. ___2. They finished installing that apparatus only on Sunday. ___3. After failing his examination in January he had to take it again in February. ___4. At the meet they discussed different ways of improving their work. ___5. Speaking foreign languages is important for everyone. ___6. I avoided speaking to them after the quarrel. ___7. He broke the silence by inviting everybody to dinner. ___8. They don`t fancy going out tonight. ___9. I can’t help admiring London’s beautiful streets especially in the evening. ___10. This man is not needed in introducing. ___

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ИНВЕРСИЯ (INVERSION)I. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets: 1. You shouldn’t in any way consider him as your worst enemy. (In no way...)2. You must on no account upset your parents. (On no account...)3. Mr. and Mrs. Adam live across the bridge. (Across the bridge...)4. I was so scared that I could not even scream. (So scared...)5. The horrific view of the massacre was in front of us. (In front of us...)6. The canyon lies behind those mountains. (Behind those mountains...)7. He only then became aware of the dangers of the jungle. (Only then...)8. She had barely begun to study when her boyfriend rang the bell. (Scarcely...)9. I won’t go trekking with him. (No way...)10. My terror was such that I couldn’t move. (Such…)II. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets: 1. I had no sooner switched on the dishwasher than it broke down. (No sooner...)2. As soon as he saw her, he fell in love with her. (No sooner...)3. If we had known that you were interested in buying the block of flats, we would have sold it to you. (Had...)4. Your mother went down the road. (Down the road...)5. He went up the street. (Up the street...)6. This disease is common only in hot countries. (Only in hot countries...)7. You will never again have such an opportunity. (Never again ...)8. We not only wrote to her many times, but telephoned her twice, too. (Not only...)9. Immediately he learnt about his mother’s incurable disease, he cried his eyes out. (No sooner...)10. We have both put aside some money and stocked up with a lot of groceries from the shop next door. (Not only...)III. Notice that if we put some words or phrases at the beginning of the sentence, inversion is required:1. She agreed to go out with him only when he bought her some flowers. (Only when...)2. We little realised the dangers that were awaiting us. (Little...)3. He was so tired that he slept for fourteen hours. (So tired...)4. My delight was such that I bought everybody a drink. (Such...)5. I love him to such an extent that I would even give my life for him. (To such an extent…)6. My brother went off without saying a word. (Off...)7. He went off without saying a word. (Off...)8. Her toys were along the corridor. (Along the corridor...)9. The castle stands on a hill. (On a hill...)10. Your chance to speak out is now. (Now...)IV. Match the halves:

1. Seldom have we fished2. In no way are they responsible3. On no account should you take these pills4. Not once did she offer5. Not until I saw her weeping6. Only when he bought her some flowers7. Little did we realise the dangers8. So tired was he9. Such was my delight10. To such an extent do I love him

a) for what occurred last nightb) that I would even give my life for himc) so much hered) us her helpe) that I bought everybody a drinkf) when you drink alcoholg) that he slept for fourteen hoursh) did she agree to go out with himi) did I become aware of what was going onj) that were awaiting us

V. Make up sentences with inversion. Use DO/DOES or DID where it is necessary:1. say experts so most

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2. the out sun came3. the came prices down, and sales up went the4. this to be added list several importance further may items of5. lies in grave his distant body beloved6. photo there and at was the last I looking was for!7. hangar out of the its slowly aircraft rolled gigantic8. inexplicable his was equally family behaviour his to9. her face was stony, tone even was voice and the of her stonier10. plunged the water she ice-cold intoVI. Make up sentences with inversion. Use DO/DOES or DID where it is necessary:1. month next anniversary our is marriage2. the doorway Mr Big stood in3. no in laughing time stopped we4. no entrance unguarded at was the left time5. had started when the scarcely he lights went speaking out6. book single not a read month did that I7. even been building had the open, we would not have entered.8. was absurd manner so his stared everybody that just9. he never think their did would finished soon marriage so be10. rarely very do anyone meet I

VII. Choose the proper variant:1. _________ should children be allowed to drive.a) no soonerb) under no circumstances2. _________ after months of planning were they ready for the conference.a) rarelyb) only3. _________ had I left than I heard them laughing.a) no soonerb) only when4. Now _________ to escape and she jumped from the window.a) was the timeb) the time was5. _________ who borrowed the money.a) Max it wasb) It was Max6. _______ did I use suntan lotion.a) Scarcelyb) Neither 7. ______ you increase our wages, we will work overtime.a) Should b) Little8. ______ had she taken everything out of the picnic basket when it began to rain.a) Hardlyb) In no way9. _______ you to buy a new car, which of these would you choose?a) No soonerb) Were 10. ______was my humiliation that I did not know what to do.a) Suchb) Not until

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СЛОЖНОСОЧИНЕННЫЕ И СЛОЖНОПОДЧИНЕННЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ (COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES)I. Match the halves:1. The electrons compose the atom was settled ... 2. It is very difficult for me to know ...3. Whether there is life on Mars has been a most intriguing problem ... 4. How this can happen … 5. What seems to use today to be a banal truth … 6. That the environment affects humankind in a great variety of ways ... 7. When this should be done ... 8. Why he did it ... 9. Which of them is going to win ... 10. Whatever they say or do ...a) since the exploration of space started.b) is a point beyond discussion.c) may be shown on a diagram.d) but what an electron is was yet to be discovered.e) remains to be settled yet.f) whether to say "yes" or "no".g) has been puzzling me these two days.h) becomes immediately known to the headmaster.i) has suddenly become a matter of primary importance for everybody.j) was by no means trivial six centuries ago.

II. Combine the following simple sentences to create a compound sentence:1. It rained for three days. The streets in my neighbourhood flooded.2. I got to ball practice late. I forgot to set my alarm.3. Kyle completed his homework. He put it in his binder.4. Luke mowed the lawn. He earned ten dollars.5. I stayed up late last night. I am tired today.6. Neil doesn't like seafood. He doesn't like cabbage.7. My pencil was broken. I borrowed one from Jake.8. I like apples. I like pears more.9. I was very careful with the vase. I broke the vase.10. My granny has taken this medicine. My granny is all right now.

III. Choose the proper conjunction:1. Some of my friends have found the work … others are still unemployed.a) after b) while c) before2. I agree with the idea, … I don’t think it’s quite practical.a) since b) although c) before 3. You should brush your teeth … have finished your meal.a) after b) before c) while4. Let’s go home … it starts raining.a) after b) before c) while5. The storm started … the kids were playing in the yard.a) after b) before c) while6. Give this book to Sam … you see him.a) since b) when c) until7. He has ridden a horse … he was a little boy.

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a) since b) when c) until8. The first jeans were designed for workers, … today they are worn all over the world.a) since b) although c) before 9. The sun is quite warm today, … the air is still chilly.a) after b) before c) while10. … they help me, I won’t be able to finish the report on time.a) Unless b) When c) While

IV. Make up compound and complex sentences using and, but, or, so, because:1. The taxi stopped. The passenger got out.2. The taxi stopped. The passenger stayed in the car.3. My brother is married. He lives in Italy.4. My brother is married. My sister is single.5. It rained yesterday. We stayed at home.6. I bought a magazine. I haven’t read it yet.7. They’ve got a nice house. They haven’t got a garden.8. Mary often goes to the theatre. She loves operas.9. Are you going to make a cake? Have you already made it?10. Our neighbours were very poor. They never asked for help.

V. Make up compound and complex sentences using and, but, or, so, because:1. We opened the window. It was too hot inside.2. The sea was cold. We didn’t go swimming.3. I was so tired. I went to bed.4. Tim doesn’t like Moscow. It is very noisy and big.5. It was a difficult exam. I passed it.6. They wanted to eat sushi. There wasn’t any Japanese restaurant nearby.7. Gordon worked hard. She could make a lot of money.8. Joanna is fond of tennis. She plays really well.9. To get to town you can take any bus. You can just walk.10. I needed some help with French. I took private lessons.

VI. Match the halves:1. The house was destroyed in the fire, ... 2. Walking through the wood, … 3. If I do not get this job, … 4. He said that he was so disappointed …. 5. The men who rule the world with their pens are mightier than those… 6. The evil that men do … 7. All that glitters … 8. Neither the colour … 9. It is my belief that they were lost … 10. That he exceeded his authority …a) who rule the world with their swords.b) but the whole family was saved.c) seems practically certain.d) I will start a business.e) lives after them.f) he saw a fox that was following him.g) is not gold.h) while trying to locate the companions.i) that he would not try again.

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j) nor the design of this cloth appeals to me.

VII. Choose the proper conjunction:1. That is the shop ____ was awarded as the best shop in the city.a) whose b) which c) where2. The girl ____ brother go with me to the gym is a good singer.a) who b) which c) whose3. The man ____ broke into our house was caught in two days.a) whose b) who c) which4. She visits her grandmother ____ lives in countryside every summer.a) who b) which c) whose5. She was wearing a dress ___ she bought in Rome.a) which b) who c) where6. The bookshelf ____ we keep the photos has broken down.a) who b) which c) where7. The man ___ was sitting on the bench turned around and saw his granddaughter.a) whose b) which c) who8. A woman ____ son was crying paid no attention to him.a) who b) whose c) which9. The woman ____ car had broken down on her way home spend 3 hours waiting for help.a) whose b) which c) who10. My best friend ____ I have known for years will never let me down.a) whose b) who c) whom

VIII. Choose the proper conjunction:1. I like Sally _______ I don’t like Bob.a) but b) so c) that2. She likes her _____ she is always friendly.a) before b) or c) as3. That’s the painting _______ my father bought last year.a) and b) while c) that4. This is the house ______ I’ve lived for 9 years.a) which b) where c) when5. In the morning I always have coffee _____ toast.a) and b) but c) so6. She is happy _____ her test is good.a) so b) because c) while7. In our house lives a man _____ is a detective.a) who b) which c) whom8. Tell me _____ you can come.a) whose b) which c) when9. He always thinks _____ he is so clever.a) that b) before c) so10. We had dinner, watched TV, ______ then we went to bed.a) but b) and c) or

IX. Choose the proper conjunction:1. ________ we arrived he had already gone.a) Unless b) While c) When2. That’s the longest test _____ we have ever written.a) that b) while c) and3. Did you understand _______ he told you that story?

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a) what b) why c) that4. I was not really interested in _______ he was talking about.a) what b) why c) that5. Is this the hotel _______ we stayed last year?a) what b) where c) when6. He didn’t follow the instructions ____ he was given, so he failed to pass the test.a) whose b) where c) which7. The girl ___ lived next door was very shy and couldn’t say a word to protect herself at school. a) whose b) which c) who8. I need to buy a laptop ____ can work up to 5 hours without a charger.a) whose b) which c) who9. My father ___ is a doctor has no idea how to repair a car.a) whose b) who c) which10. The photo ____ is placed on the mantel was taken at the picnic two years ago.a) that b) where c) who

X. Choose the proper conjunction:1. I cannot come ___ I have no time.a) and b) because c) although2. You can climb on the tree _____ you must be careful.a.) despite b) because c) but3. She came in _______ sat down.a) or b) so c) and4. I laughed _____ Tom had told me a joke.a) after b) before c) so5. He was not at home _____ we asked the neighbours when he would be back.a) so b) because c) despite6. The police arrested the thief _______ had stolen the money.a) when b) that c) whose7. I can’t help you, ______ you can also ask Mary.a) before b) but c) if8. She went to bed early _____ she was tired.a) as b) so c) although9. She had got a bad mark at her last test ______ she learned a lot for the next.a) if b) so c) but10. She always greets friendly ______ I meet her.a) also b) when c) although

XI. Match the halves:1. I found out …. 2. He wore the trousers … 3. Nothing will ever grow on this land … 4. Anne is a fine person to be with, … 5. The problem is … 6. We arrived at the hospital soaking wet … 7. The trouble is … 8. John never apologizes … 9. The greatest difficulty is … 10. This was … a) because in the 60s a nearby factory dumped its waste here.b) whether they`ll be able to help us.c) why she had thought of Paris.

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d) because real friends need not apologize all the time he says.e) in spite of the fact that we were all wearing waterproof jackets.f) that I have lost his address.g) how you are to get across the border.h) where they are living.i) which we had bought last Friday.j) in spite of what she thinks herself, she has great listening skills.

XII. Fill in the gaps with the following conjunctions: although, despite, however, whereas yet, in spite of:1. My friend Alice has just bought herself some new shoes _____ she already has some 20 pairs.2. We decided to walk from coast to coast _____ our lack of time.3. Giving up was not an issue ______ the situation got more confusing by the day.4. The children behaved like angels _______ the long drive and the hot weather.5. The hotel wasn’t really idyllic. _______, we had a great time there.6. I love cycling ______ my wife prefers walking.7. _______ the weather forecast spoke of wind and rain, we really enjoyed a warm and sunny afternoon.8. I don’t really believe everything he says. _______, I thoroughly enjoy being with him.9. _______ he’s 6 already Steve still can’t ride a bike.10. Hans finished second ______ his leg injury.

XIII. Complete the sentences with where, when, why:1. We visited the school _____ my father taught.2. I met her last month, _____ she came to our house.3. We all worked at the place ______ the fire had started.4. They met him in the café, _______ he was working as a waiter.5. Do you remember the time _____ we lived in Africa?6. Did she tell the reason ______ she was late?7. The cat sat on the wall, _____ it had a good view of the birds.8. I am talking about the time _____ they did not have cars.9. Last year Tom spent his holiday in Spain, _____ he met Jane.10. We couldn`t understand the reason _____ they were so rude.

XIV. Match the halves:1. Before you read his answer, …. 2. The rope will tighten considerably … 3. I was hoping that once I was in the right area, … 4. No matter what they teach you… 5. If you are wise you … 6. She knows that she will have for dinner, … 7. Don`t make any hasty decision … 8. He didn`t start to read her letter … 9. She didn`t begin to speak … 10. Come Tuesday night … a) after it has been soaked.b) will leave before he sees you.c) before she was three.d) but not before.e) tell me about the circumstances.f) I would get some fresh images.g) until late that night when the whole family had gathered.

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h) for she has seen the menu.i) until father comes home.j) once you believe it`s true.

XV. Choose the correct variant:1. After / Before you leave, you must visit the museum.2. Don`t say anything while / when George is here.3. Wait here after / until he has gone.4. We saw Ann when / while we were waiting for the bus.5. She had already opened the letter when / before she realised it wasn`t addressed to her.6. The alarm was raised as long as / as soon as the fire was discovered.7. While / When I was reading, Pam was playing the piano.8. At the time / By the time we arrived, the party had finished.9. I`ve been living by myself for / since I entered University.10. Before / Since they went out, they had phoned Cathy.

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ОТВЕТЫ:

Имя существительное (Noun)I. 1 N 2 N 3 – 4 – 5 N 6 – 7 N 8 N 9 – 10 N 11 N 12 N 13 N 14 – 15 N 16 N 17 – 18 N 19 N 20 – 21 – 22 N 23 – 24 N 25 – 26 N 27 – 28 N 29 N 30 –

II. 1 Pl 2 Pl 3 Sg 4 Pl 5 Pl 6 Pl 7 Pl 8 Pl 9 Pl 10 Pl 11 Pl 12 Pl 13 Pl 14 Sg 15 Sg/Pl 16 Sg/Pl 17 Sg/Pl 18 Sg/Pl 19 Sg 20 Sg 21 Pl 22 Sg 23 Pl 24 Sg 25 Pl 26 Sg 27 Pl 28 Sg 29 Sg 30 Pl

III. 1 armies 2 irons 3 sheep 4 lunches 5 voices 6 deer 7 knives 8 roofs 9 children 10 fish 11 works 12 families 13 gentlemen 14 ladies 15 heroes 16 boxes 17 buses 18 watches 19 wolves 20 chiefs 21 cliffs 22 Mondays 23 bacteria 24 dictionaries 25 beliefs 26 zeros 27 dashes 28 alumni 29 delays 30 leaves

IV. 1 analyses 2 data 3 formulae 4 diagnoses 5 antennae 6 errata 7 crises 8 criteria 9 phenomena 10 theses

V. 1 means 2 news 3 works 4 foot 5 goods 6 chess 7 Chinese 8 physics 9 jeans 10 scissors

VI. 1 knives 2 calves 3 children 4 radios 5 deer 6 sheep 7 diagnoses 8 men 9 fish 10 babies

VII. 1 oxen, cliffs 2 women, men 3 memoranda, alumni 4 feet, mice 5 knives, potatoes, tomatoes 6 people, geese 7 beliefs 8 oranges, in halves, them 9 phenomenon 10 data, crisis

VIII. 1 woman-student 2 lady 3 heroine 4 actress 5 tigress 6 woman-writer 7 she-wolf 8 girl-friend 9 poetess 10 chairlady

IX. 1 my sister’s car 2 walls of his room 3 their parents’ place 4 Natalia’s darkest secret 5 the top of the cupboard 6 my friends’ hostel 7 people’s life 8 hard day’s night 9 three miles’ distance/the distance of three miles 10 the Financial Times’ latest reviews 11 student’s success 12 today’s e-mail 13 the size of my laptop 14 his groupmates’ assistance 15 Max’ presentation 16 our friends’ advice 17 Paris’ most famous sights 18 the duration of her report 19 Russia’s resources 10 summer’s average temperature

X. 1 an e-mail 2 a dog 3 a new collection 4 an engineer 5 a few coins; a newspaper 6 a headache 7 half an hour 8 for a walk 9 as a rule, a day 10 a good time

XI. 1 the film 2 the Earth 3 the best 4 play the piano 5 read the Times; in the mornings 6 -; -; -; - 7 go to the cinema; in the evening 8 in the future 9 to the right; to the left; the hotel; the Bowery Inn Hotel 10 -; the most; -

XII. 1 London; the United Kingdom 2 Lake Baikal 3 Europe; France; Italy; the Netherlands; Spain 4 Saint-Petersburg; the Russian Federation 5 the English Channel 6 the Lena; the Arctic Ocean 7 the Iberian Peninsula; Portugal; Spain; Andorra 8 the Sahara Desert; the Kalahari Desert; Africa 9 the Great Lakes; Lake Superior; Lake Michigan; Lake Ontario; Lake Huron; Lake Erie 10 the Urals

XIII. 1 -; -; the 2 a; the 3 – 4 -; -; an 5 the, - 6 the; the; the 7 the; -; - 8 the; the; the 9 -; - 10 the; the; a/the

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Имя числительное (Numeral)I. 1 twelve 2 twenty-five 3 ninety-two 4 one hundred and thirty-six 5 five hundred and forty-one 6 two thousand and eighteen 7 three thousand nine hundred and eighty-four 8 seven million and eight 9 4 milliard 10 six billionII. 1 sixty-one; 57+4=61 2 thirty-five; 18+17=35 3 ninety-two; 78+14=92 4 seven hundred and thirteen; 615+98=713 5 sixty-two; 75-13=62 6 one thousand nine hundred and seventy-four; 2020-46=1974 7 fifty; 10x5=50 8 one thousand six hundred; 100x16=1600 9 nine; 72:8=9 10 one hundred and eleven; 555:5=111III. 1 the fifty-first 2 the thirty-second 3 the twenty-third 4 the sixty-fourth 5 the forty-fifth 6 the thirtieth 7 the eightieth 8 the two hundredth 9 the five thousandth 10 the billionthIV. 1 the thirty-first of December, twenty seventeen 2 the sixth of June, seventeen ninety-nine 3 the twenty-first of April, nineteen twenty-six 4 the eighth of March twenty eighteen 5 in the nineties 6 in the twentieth century 7 _______ 8 in the middle of the nineteenth century 9 in the third Millennium 10 in the early eightiesV. 1 half a kilometre 2 two thirds of a ton 3 three quarters of a mile 4 four fifths 5 nine tenths 6 a (one) hundredth 7 (zero) point five 8 twenty-three point four five percent 9 seventy point five eight percent 10 fifty-three point seven eight nine

Местоимениe (Pronoun)I. 1 him/ me 2 them/ it 3 she 4 it 5 him 6 us 7 them 8 them 9 it 10 I/ them

II. 1 we/ she/ us/ it 2 they/ them/ it 3 him/ he 4 us/ we/ they 5 it/ it 6 she/ them/ she/ them 7 they/ it/ us/ we 8 him/ he/ he 9 they/ they 10 she/ she

III. 1 your 2 their/ ours 3 yours 4 her 5 ours 6 your/ mine 7 their/ ours 8 my/ mine 9 hers/ her 10 my/ yours

IV. 1 mine/ yours/ her 2 our/ theirs 3 her 4 her/ hers 5 my/ my 6 your/ mine 7 their/ our 8 his 9 my/ hers 10 its

V. 1 our 2 – 3 her 4 its 5 – 6 –, yours 7 their, - 8 mine 9 – 10 my

VI. 1 B 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 B 8 B 9 A 10 B

VII. 1 those 2 that 3 these 4 that 5 this 6 this/ that 7 these 8 that 9 this/ that 10 those

VIII. 1 herself 2 yourself 3 himself 4 myself 5 ourselves 6 myself 7 themselves 8 yourself 9 herself 10 themselves

IX. 1 why 2 whom 3 which 4 where 5 which 6 whose 7 when 8 who 9 which 10 what

X. 1 who 2 that 3 which 4 which 5 who 6 that 7 which 8 which 9 that 10 which

XI. 1 b 2 c 3 a 4 b 5 c 6 a 7 c 8 b 9 b 10 c

XII. 1 nobody 2 nothing 3 nobody 4 nobody 5 no 6 none 7 no 8 none 9 none 10 nothing

XIII. 1 other 2 the other 3 other 4 another 5 other/ others 6 another 7 another 8 another/ others 9 the others 10 the other

XIV. 1 both 2 both 3 neither 4 all 5 whole 6 each 7 every 8 either 9 neither 10 other

XV. 1 this 2 that 3 this 4 that 5 these 6 those 7 those 8 this 9 those 10 this

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Имя прилагательное (Adjective).Наречие (Adverb)

I. 1 – 2 big 3 good 4 blue-eyed 5 good-looking 6 childish 7 unknown 8 blue 9 bright 10 sky-blue

II. childish, dirty, friendly, unknown, useful (useless), beautiful, untrue, wooden, hopeful (hopeless), hearty.

III. 1. 4 2. 1 3. 1 4. 1 5. 2 6. 1 7. 1 8. – 9. – 10. 3.

IV. 3 friendly-more friendly-the most friendly 4 right-righter-the rightest 5 nice-nicer-the nicest little-less-the least 7 good-better-the best 8 useless-more useless-the most useless 9 tired-more tired-the most tired 10 narrow-narrower-the narrowest.

V. 1. 1 2. 2 3. 1 4. 1 5. 2 6. 1 7. 1 8. 1 9. 1 10. 1.

VI. 1 colder – the coldest 2 younger – the youngest 3 hotter – the hottest 4 sweeter – the sweetest 5 happier – the happiest 6 gayer – the gayest 7 larger – the largest 8 whiter – the whitest 9 purer – the purest 10 more loving – the most loving.

VII. 1 very, well 2 quite, right 3 yesterday 4 upstairs 5 slowly 6 very, friendly 7 still, young 8 bright 9 down 10 hard, hard.

VIII. 1 heavily – обстоятельство меры 2 before – обстоятельство времени 3 still – обстоятельство времени 4 down – обстоятельство места 5 hard – обстоятельство образа действия 6 loudly – обстоятельство образа действия 7 often – обстоятельство частоты 8 slowly – обстоятельство образа действия 9 fast – обстоятельство образа действия 10 where – обстоятельство, являющееся вопросительным словом

IX. 1 more carefully – most carefully 2 more regularly – most regularly 3 earlier – earliest 4 sooner – soonest 5 later – latest 6 more loudly – most loudly 7 more awfully – most awfully 8 faster – fastest 9 colder – coldest 10 more often – most often

X. 3 worse – worst 4 more – most 5 better – best 6 far – farther – the farthest 7 far – further – the furthest 10 less – least

XI. 1 N 2 N 3 A 4 A 5 N 6 A 7 N 8 A 9 A 10 A

XII. 1 Q 2 Q 3 R 4 Q 5 R 6 Q 7 Q 8 R 9 Q 10 R

XIII. 1 Определение 2 Определение 3 Предикатив (именная часть сказуемого) 4 Предикатив 5 Подлежащее 6 Дополнение 7 Дополнение 8 Предикатив 9 Предикатив 10 Предикатив

XIV. over-polite, pitch-dark, iron-grey, sky-blue, dark-blue, light-green, red-hot, good-looking, semi-sweet.

XV. 1 a 2 g 3 u 4 e 5 i 6 l 7 a 8 e 9 u 10 e

Глагол (Verb).Настоящее простое время (Present Simple Tense).Настоящее длительное время (Present Continuous Tense)

I. 1 takes 2 are doing 3 are learning 4 opens 5 are coming 6 reads 7 cleans 8 is writing 9 speaks 10 are relaxing

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II. 1 is leaving 2 am writing 3 walks 4 is going 5 go 6 goes 7 are playing 8 cries 9 am not doing 10 does watch

III. 1 is 2 gets, opens, goes 3 has 4 cycles 5 goes 6 eats 7 does, meets 8 is doing 9 is playing, are listening, are singing 10 comes, has, watches

IV. 1 is not (isn’t) watching, is sleeping, is tired 2 does work, works 3 is doing 4 do come, come 5 is not (=isn’t) playing, plays 6 are reading, thinking 7 am sitting 8 do listen 9 are playing 10 does not (=doesn’t) work

V. 1 lives 2 is 3 wants 4 is doing 5 is, has 6 leaves, returns 7 does not like 8 is staying, lives 9 wears, is working, wears 10 goes

VI. 1 Y 2 N 3 Y 4 Y 5 N 6 Y 7 Y 8 N 9 N 10 Y

VII. 1 make 2 is crying 3 calls 4 goes 5 cooks 6 am working 7 are visiting 8 going 9 doesn’t have 10 is watching

VIII. 1 Y 2 Y 3 Y 4 Y 5 N 6 Y 7 N 8 N 9 Y 10 Y

IX. 1 hates 2 tastes 3 belongs 4 am thinking 5 is meeting 6 is taking 7 are you leading 8 love 9 am having 10 needs

X. A 4 B 2 C 3 D 10 E 5 F 1 G 8 H 6 I 9 J 7

XI. are shaking, are hurting, are bleeding, want, am trying, am learning, don't learndon't understand, am improving, am travelling, walks, complains, am doing, is sitting, are discussing, don't know, speaks, is trying, says, tries

XII. 1 drives 2 work, am studying 3 is sleeping 4 is raining 5 snows 6 say, is talking 7 is writing 8 need, am watching 9 are, are 10 eats

XIII. 1 works 2 is travelling 3 loves 4 isn´t visiting 5 doesn´t live 6 is staying 7 cooks 8 go 9 walks 10 are having

XIV. 1 does want 2 is looking 3 Do believe 4 believes 5 drives 6 is sleeping 7 is raining 8 rains 9 is snowing 10 is watching

XV. 1 live 2 are going 3 is doing 4 visit 5 speaks 6 is having 7 migrate 8 falls 9 sells 10 see, hear, smell

Будущее простое время (Future Simple Tense).Будущее длительное время (Future Continuous Tense)

I. 1 shall I come round 2 will be waiting, will be working 3 will you be 4 will be painting, won’t be busy 5 will be still filling 6 will you be 7 will be passing by 8 will see 9 will do 10 will be doing

II. 1 will send 2 will be staying 3 will be attending 4 will wash 5 will be standing – waving 6 will be 7 will start 8 won’t return 9 will be enjoying 10 won’t be working

III.99

1 Today at the cinema you’ll be sitting next to me.2 Andrew will be waiting for you next to the supermarket at 4.3 Will you have dinner with me tomorrow? – At this time I’ll be sitting for my exam.4 I wonder, what the children will be doing while we’ll be enjoying the concert.5 How will I recognize Tom? He’ll be wearing a green coat.6 I wonder, if we will be dating in a year.7 If you tell her, she’ll be crying.8 What will you be doing at 6 tomorrow?9 In an hour, Grisha will be working in the kitchen-garden.10 Let’s move faster, it will be raining in a minute.

IV. 1 will be walking 2 will walk 3 will be bathing 4 will wash 5 will be doing 6 will be working 7 Will have 8 will be looking 9 will be thinking 10 will assemble

V. 1 won't help 2 won't be meeting 3 won't cut 4 won't be cutting 5 won't be coming/isn't coming 6 won't come 7 won't lend 8 won't be speaking/isn't speaking 9 won't work 10 won't be working

VI. 1 will make 2 will not come, is going to rain 3 will be having 4 will, will be flying 5 will take 6 will not call 7 are going to go 8 will have 9 will be sleeping 10 will be teaching, will administer, will be talking

VII. 1 will be having 2 will be waiting 3 will be practising 4 will be having 5 will be reading 6 will be revising 7 will be still packing 8 will be sitting 9 will be watching 10 will be fixing

VIII. 1 They will be moving... 2 My friend will be giving... 3 I will be meeting... 4 We won’t be watching... 5 They will be showing... 6 I will be waiting... 7 She won’t be singing... 8 She will be going... 9 I will be painting... 10 I won’t be studying...

IX. 1 come 2 will sell 3 (will) buy 4 will grow 5 are 6 will sell 7 (will) buy 8 Is 9 doesn’t rain 10 will put on 11 (will) go

X. 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 a 6 a 7 b 8 b 9 b 10 a

XI. 1 1a, 2b 2 1b, 2a 3 1b, 2a 4 1a, 2b 5 1b, 2a 6 1b, 2a 7 1a, 2b 8 1a, 2b 9 1b, 2a 10 1b, 2a

XII. 1 c 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 b 6 c 7 c 8 a 9 b 10 a

XIII. 1 will be coming 2 will be meeting 3 will be flying 4 will be singing 5 will be raining 6 will be writing 7 will be watching 8 will be eating 9 will be sleeping 10 will be arriving

XIV. 1 will be sleeping 2 will be sitting 3 will be watching 4 will be getting 5 will be dancing 6 won't be playing 7 won't be working 8 Will be eating 9 Will be driving 10 Will be fighting

XV. 1 leaves 2 are going to have 3 will snow 4 am meeting 5 are flying 6 will drive 7 starts 8 am going to see 9 is going to rain 10 will open

Прошедшее простое время (Past Simple Tense)I. 1 d began 2 e brought 3 j bought 4 c caught 5 b ate 6 i found 7 h got 8 g gave 9 f went 10 a had

II. 1 swam 2 sat 3 broke, missed 4 had 5 decided 6 found 7 used 8 got 9 did 10 came

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III. 1 sent 2 didn’t come 3 knew 4 took 5 gave 6 made 7 went 8 had 9 were 10 told

IV. 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 c 5 a 6 b 7 c 8 a 9 c 10 a

V. 1They were 2 they did 3 it did 4 he was 5 she could 6 he did 7 he was 8 he did 9 he was 10 we did

VI. 1 wasn’t she 2 was he 3 couldn’t she 4 did he 5 didn’t have 6 didn’t she 7 weren’t they 8 did she 9 didn’t they 10 could she

VII.1 Why did our washing machine break yesterday?2 When did people spend time on the beach?3 Where did Gordon go an hour ago?4 Whom did you see in Italy last holiday?5 What did she buy in the supermarket?6 How did Dan get here on Tuesday?7 Which keys did Margaret lose?8 Who did he take to the South?9 Where did they move in 2002?10 When did Sally finish the university?11VIII.1 How much information did she give me yesterday?2 Why did they go?3 Where did Charles leave here?4 Where did he return last year?5 What was terrible last winter?6 What did my uncle sell several days ago?7 How did we travel in the past?8 What did dinosaurs do millions of years ago?9 When did our tourists book tickets and hotels on Internet?10 What did his sister have when she was little?11IX. 1 didn’t grow up 2 It wasn’t windy 3 My father wasn’t a boy 4 Their mother didn’t take 5 In 60th years televisions weren’t 6 A friend of their parents didn’t see 7 Linda didn’t go 8 She didn’t go 9 Last night the plane didn’t arrive 10 I didn’t have

X.1 Tom liked the snow very much last night.2 They studied their lessons at home last evening.3 Bill was an engineer at the factory last year.4 There was a big party here the day before yesterday.5 There was a fine day yesterday.6 A short time ago I finished my book.7 He studied Russian before the last war.8 A minute ago the postman brought the telegram.9 Only yesterday our manager arrived at the office.10 Three weeks ago he bought a new car.11XI. 1 didn’t live 2 yesterday, played 3 were 4 learnt, cleaned 5 ago6 couldn’t 7 before yesterday 8 brought 9 went 10 thought

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XII.1 Last time he gave a vase as a present.2 Last summer he slept in the open air.3 Helen and Paul spent their free time together yesterday.4 The children brought cups and plates yesterday evening.5 They went to the country for the weekend last time.6 The weather was awful yesterday.7 Last week it took me an hour to do this work.8 We met this delegation at the railway station a minute ago.9 When she was the little girl when she skated well.10 The teacher asked the students a lot of questions last lesson.11XIII. 1 met 2 lost 3 stopped 4 were 5 were 6 went 7 was 8 went 9 gave 10 made

XIV. 1 b 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 a 6 b 7 a 8 a 9 b 10 a

Прошедшее длительное время (Past Continuous Tense)I. 1 was working 2 was getting 3 was preparing 4 was raining 5 was reading 6 was driving 7 was doing 8 were sleeping 9 were doing 10 was practicing

II. 1 crept, got up 2 was sleeping, knocked 3 were walking, asked 4 were having, rang 5 was leaving, started 6 arrived, was dancing 7 was drinking, came 8 was 9 was cooking, was writing 10 called, was putting

III. 1 am writing 2 was writing 3 aren’t doing 4 were playing 5 are drinking 6 was shining 7 was talking 8 are working 9 is crying 10 was eating

IV. 1 played, broke 2 saw, didn’t see 3 stole, was 4 laughed, told 5 didn’t send, was travelling 6 was leaving, arrived 7 met, was working 8 studied, didn’t pass 9 was listening, didn’t hear 10 was buying

V. 1 weren’t he 2 was I 3 weren’t they 4 wasn’t he 5 wasn’t I 6 wasn’t he 7 wasn’t it 8 weren’t they 9 wasn’t she 10 wasn’t he

VI. 1 b 2 c 3 a 4 b 5 a 6 c 7 a 8 c 9 b 10 a

VII. 1 b 2 a 3 g 4 h 5 c 6 d 7 e 8 i 9 j 10 f

VIII. 1 I was 2 They were 3 She was 4 It was 5 They were 6 It was 7 He was 8 They were 9 He was 10 They were

IX. 1 Why were you telling the lie... 2 What were you doing… 3 What was your sister… 4 Where was Tom walking… 5 Was it raining heavily… 6 Was my team winning… 7 Where was Dad spending… 8 Why was Kate arriving late at the station… 9 Were you arguing… 10 Was the teacher explaining a grammar rule…

X. 1 a 2 a 3 b 4 a 5 b 6 a 7 a 8 b 9 a 10 a

XI.1 While girls were making a cake, we were washing up.

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2 When the teacher went to the classroom, the pupils were laughing.3 Our family were having breakfast, when the postman brought a parcel.4 Yesterday Ann was working all day long.5 When someone knocked at the door, I was having a shower.6 As the boss was signing the agreement, the colleagues were looking through some documents.7 When our son scored a goal, we were sitting at the stadium.8 While my friend was translating the, I was drinking a cup of coffee.9 When he left the room, the little girl was crying.10 When his son was sailing, we swam in the river.

XII.1 When was I waiting my girlfriend?2 Where were you spending free time at 7 yesterday?3 Who were cleaning the flat yesterday morning?4 What were my friends doing all day long?5 Who was listening to music, as I was visiting the museum?6 When were they skating?7 Whom was my younger sister feeding, when our mother returned home?8 Who were discussing the new book when they came to the library?9 What language was Mary speaking when she lived in London?10 What was the writer writing, while ...

XIII. 1 c 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 e 6 i 7 h 8 f 9 g 10 j

Настоящее совершённое время (Present Perfect Tense)I. 1 have 2 played 3 has 4 have organized 5 have 6 lived 7 have 8 has not 9 have/been 10 have

II. 1 C 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 A 6 A 7 C 8 C 9 A 10 C

III. 1 has finished 2 has scored 3 have watched 4 has run 5 has bought 6 have lost 7 has written 8 have eaten 9 have watched 10 have started

IV.1 Kate has been in bed for a long time. 2 She has not eaten anything this morning.3 She has not seen her friends for a week.4 She has stayed at home all Tuesday.5 She has had a red nose three days.6 She has not played basketball last weekend.7 She has not done any school homework on Monday.8 She has already made the project.9 She has just cleaned the room.10 She has never cooked pasta.

V. 1 d 2 a 3 d 4 c 5 d 6 a 7 a 8 d 9 a 10 d

VI. 1 d 2 a 3 d 4 c 5 d 6 a 7 a 8 d 9 a 10 b

VII. 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 b 5 a 6 c 7 a 8 c 9 a 10 c

Настоящее совершённо-длительное время(Present Perfect Continuous Tense)

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I. 1 A 2 D 3 A 4 D 5 C 6 D 7 B 8 D 9 A 10 B

II.1 I have been driving for three hours.2 We have been waiting since two o’clock.3 Carola has not been sleeping well.4 Have you been revising for your exam?5 They have been building a new gym.6 How long has he been working there?7 You haven’t been listening to me.8 I have been waiting for two hours.9 He has been writing all day.10 Carmen has been working since morning.

III. 1 B 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 B 8 A 9 A 10 A

IV. 1 have been building 2 have been 3 has forgotten, have been waiting, has taken 4 has noticed, has been running 5 have been eating 6 have read 7 has been snowing, got up 8 has been looking, for a week 9 has been working, since the last month 10 since I have seen.

V. 1 have been boiling 2 has been waiting 3 has been sending 4 have been trying 5 have been learning 6 has been playing 7 have been listening 8 haven’t been taking 9 have been saving 10 has been drilling

VI. 1 since 2 for 3 since 4 since 5 for 6 for 7 for 8 since 9 since 10 for

VII. 1 A 2 C 3 B 4 A 5 B 6 B 7 A 8 C 9 A 10 A

VIII. 1 have been waiting 2 has been playing 3 has been doing 4 has been talking 5 have been studying 6 has been feeling 7 has been exercising 8 have been working 9 have been taking 10 have been watching

Прошедшее совершённое время (Past Perfect Tense).Прошедшее совершённо-длительное время(Past Perfect Continuous Tense)I. 1 had set 2 had been used 3 had done 4 had been used 5 had been made 6 had been invented 7

had been shaped 8 had been bent out 9 had become 10 had been made

II. 3, 4, 6, 7

III. 1 A 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 B 9 A 10 B

IV. 1 had hidden 2 had written 3 had laid 4 had put 5 had kept 6 had done 7 had read 8 had ridden 9 had shone 10 had sent

V. 1 had been read 2 had been written 3 had been lit 4 had been rung 5 had been run 6 had been put 7 had been shown 8 had been shut 9 had been lost 10 had been said

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VI. 1 had not been accompanied 2 had not been done 3 had not become 4 had not presented 5 had not been made 6 had not been presented 7 had not predicted 8 had not improved 9 had not invented 10 had not been done

VII. 1 had been asking 2 had been becoming 3 had been doing 4 had been inventing 5 had been making 6 had been presenting 7 had been improving 8 had been accompanying 9 had been predicting 10 had been reading

VIII. Had (I, you, he, she, we, they) been (asking, jumping etc.)?

IX. had not been + verb + (-ing): e.g.: had not been biting

X. 1 had seen 2 had always been striving 3 had done 4 had decided 5 had set 6 had been working 7 had been expecting 8 had scarcely put 9 had climbed 10 had finished

XI. 1 C 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 C 6 D 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 A

XII. 1 had done 2 had become 3 had written 4 had finished 5 had written 6 had read 7 had liked 8 had loved 9 had designed 10 had come

XIII. Had been (cut, fallen, drunk, given, got, felt, grown, had, frozen)

XIV. 4 P 5 P 6 P 8 P

XV. 1 r 2 e 3 o 4 d 5 n 6 i 7 n 8 e 9 e 10 a

Условные предложения (Conditionals)I. 1 will walk 2 will call, has 3 will buy 4 will go 5 is, will find 6 doesn’t come 7 are 8 will ask, see 9 will go, can 10 have, will complain

II. 1 sees, will be 2 will be 3 snows, will go 4 will lend, ask 5 visit, will see 6 won’t have 7 gets up 8 have 9 sell 10 trust

III. 1 freezes 2 goes 3 get 4 can’t 5 doesn’t work 6 are 7 doesn’t work 8 rises 9 boils 10 goes

IV. 1 ‘ll call 2 ‘d drive 3 lost 4 rains 5 could 6 is 7 worries 8 ‘ll come 9 hurry 10 ‘ll do

V. 1 bought 2 went 3 lived 4 were 5 have 6 would be 7 didn’t live 8 won 9 didn’t give 10 wouldn’t go

VI. 1 C 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 A 6 A 7 B 8 C 9 C 10 B

VII.1 What would you do, if he asked you to marry him?2 He always complains, if I'm late.3 If I knew the answer to that question, I would tell you.4 If you come to the party, you will meet Jim.5 The students usually work hard, if they have a test.6 Where will you wait, if I am delayed?7 If she spoke more clearly, I could understand her.8 If you won a lot of money, what would you do with it?9 If the club closed, where would we go?

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10 I'll see him at the meeting, if he comes.

VIII.1 If you had asked me for tickets, I could have got you some.2 I wouldn’t have married him if I had known what he was like.3 I wouldn’t have hired a car if I had known how expensive it was.4 If we had gone to the cinema earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the start of the film.5 If I had been born a year earlier, I had had to do military service.6 If you had asked me, I would have lent you my car.7 If I had gone to University, I would have got a better job.8 I wouldn’t have done out yesterday if you had asked me not to.9 I could have given you a lift if my car hadn’t broken down.10 I wouldn’t have gone to Berlin if had known what was going to happen.

IX. 1 provided that 2 Just suppose 3 Imagine 4 as long as 6 imagine 7 so long as 8 provided that 9 unless 10 suppose

X. 1 H 2 J 3 B 4 F 5 A 6 C 7 G 8 I 9 D 10 E

XI. 1 D 2 F 3 E 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 I 8 G 9 H 10 J

XII. 1 If it had been a nice day, we would have gone for a picnic.2 If you don’t tell him the truth, you’ll regret it one day.3 If you had come round earlier, you would have seen her.4 If that happens, the town will lose a great deal of money.5 I would help you with it, if I had more time.6 If it loses, the Prime Minister will resign from Politics.7 If we hadn’t gone there, I would have never met Adrian.8 If fares were cheaper, I am sure more people would use the train.9 If she gets that job, she will be delighted.10 It would have been a disaster if it had happened in the middle of the day.

XIII. 1 break down, will be 2 knew, would help 3 would have married, had known 4 would be, spent 5 had, would not moan 6 will not be allowed 7 did not want 8 would advise 9 wanted 10 don’t have

XIV.1 If you ask me about tickets, I can get you some. 2 I would not have rented a car, if I had known how expensive it would be.3 If I had been born a year earlier, I would have had to undergo military service.4 If I had gone to university, I would have gotten the best job.5 I would have given you alive, if my car had not broken.6 If Jack did the exercises, it would not be so fat.7 They had been very surprised, if we have worn a match.8 If I were you, I would buy new shoes.9 If you press the button, the light will turn on.10 If there is not sun, we will not go to the beach.

XV.1 If we had gone to the cinema earlier, we would not have missed the beginning of the film.2 If you had asked me, I would have lent you my car.

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3 I would have gone with you yesterday if you had asked me about it.4 I would not have gone to Berlin if I had known what was going to happen.5 I would have been happy if I had had a seat in the Harvard.6 If I had not been seriously ill, I would have come to the meeting.7 If I were you, I would ask for help.8 If you see a fire, break the glass.9 If you eat very spicy food, you would have a stomachache.10 If you had sold more products, you would have earned more money.

Пассивный залог (Passive Voice)I. 1 is being done 2 will have been done 3 was done 4 had been done 5 hasn’t been done 6 has/ been done 7 was being done 8 was done 9 was being done 10 will be done

II. 1 with 2 by 3 with 4 with 5 with 6 by 7 by/with 8 with 9 by 10 with

III.1 New hospitals are now being built in the provinces.2 Will her new novel be published next year?3 The new petrol station will have been completed by winter.4 Jimmy has just been arrested on suspicion of murder.5 The gas was cut off because the bill hadn’t been paid by Mr. and Mrs. Green.6 A new hotel will be opened next week.7 Important matters are discussed (by our managers) every Tuesday.8 The plant was closed last year.9 Return tickets should have been reserved two weeks ago.10 Two single rooms had been booked for the friends by their travel agent.

IV. 1 are covered 2 is made 3 were built 4 was bought 5 will be opened 6 will be invited 7 is being mended 8 have already been packed 9 can be seen 10 must be met

V.1 Radio was invented by Popov in Russia.2 A new President is elected every four years in the USA.3 A bank robber was caught by the police last night.4 Sorry, dogs are not allowed in our safari park.5 My letter will be left by the postman by the door.6 A delicious cherry pie has been made by my mum for dinner.7 7 My clock wasn’t repaired by George.8 Wait a little, an interesting story is being told by my neighbor.9 Some more articles about football can be written by my son.10 Your bedroom must be cleaned tonight.

VI. 1 f 2 b 3 i 4 a 5 g 6 j 7 e 8 c 9 h 10 d

VII.1 Were you offered a good job? Was a good job offered (to) you?2 Why can’t they be told the truth? Why can’t the truth be told them?3 What kind of explanation were you given? What kind of explanation was given (to) you?4 We’ve just been shown a new film. A new film has just been shown (to) us.5 A fairy tale was being read to the children.6 Has a letter to Father been written?

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7 Will the text be dictated to you?8 I was asked a lot of interesting questions.9 The speaker was being listened to very attentively.10 This young actress is being talked about a lot.

VIII. 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 c 5 b 6 a 7 c 8 b 9 b 10 a

IX. 1 covers 2 is covered 3 are locked 4 was posted/ arrived 5 sank/ rescued 6 died/ were brought 7 grew 8 was stolen 9 disappeared 10 did resign

X.1 The museum was opened in 2005.2 3000 books are sold every week.3 The parcel will be delivered tomorrow morning.4 The flight was not canceled because of the rain.5 This wine won’t be produced next year.6 Paper is made from wood.7 Coffee is not grown in Russia.8 The New Year tree was decorated last year.9 The airport is surrounded by soldiers.10 I was told to keep silence.

XI.1 Ice hockey is played in Canada.2 The monuments were ruined in 1943.3 In this café chicken sandwiches are made for children.4 Yesterday two coats were left in the wardrobe.5 The money is kept in the safe.6 The famous painting «Sunflowers» was painted by Van Gogh.7 The washing-machine is used every day.8 A big bunch of flowers was sent for her birthday.9 All his holidays were spent in the countryside.10 Your credit card was found on the floor.

XII.1 This letter was sent by the headmaster.2 The Christmas party will be organized by our children next Friday.3 The dogs are trained by Mary in the garden.4 All the windows have been cleaned by Mrs. Simpson today.5 The suitcase has been packed by Frank.6 The bills were paid by Bob.7 She will be examined by doctor tomorrow.8 The door is painted by granny every year.9 Thousands of cars are produced by this factory every year.10 Tea and chocolate biscuits have been served by Jenny.

XIII.1 The invitation was not accepted because it had been received too late.2 What did you feel when this record was being played?3 Correct4 What was being explained to the group when you joined them?5 Correct

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6 Correct7 He knew he was being watched.8 Several schools have been built in our district this year.9 Correct10 Correct

XIV. 1 been 2 was 3 not 4 being 5 were 6 looked 7 have 8 be 9 been 10 is

XV. 1 b 2 i 3 e 4 c 5 g 6 j 7 a 8 h 9 f 10 d

Прямая и косвенная речь (Direct and Indirect Speech) I.1 Julie said that she would join us after work.2 She told me that she was going running this evening. 3 John told us that he couldn't come to the party. 4 John said that he had been to the cinema at the weekend. 5 She told them she wanted to quit. 6 David said that he was going to arrive at eight. 7 They said that they didn't want to meet us on Tuesday.8 I told him I wasn't impressed.9 Lucy told Julie that she was leaving on Wednesday.10 We said that we were going on holiday the following week.

II.1 Jane said to her friend (that) she was listening to the teacher.2 Tom exclaimed that it was a very interesting question.3 The tutor announced that all the students had read the book for the exam.4 Jason said that he had been waiting for you for 15 minutes.5 The children cried that they wanted to watch a cartoon.6 Samuel mentioned that they had already done the test.7 The tutor told the students that they had written the test well enough.8 The students informed their curator that they did not study this subject that year.9 The speaker said that he did not understand the question.10 My friend said that we had not been to the library for 2 weeks.

III.1 They explained their tutor that they had not participated in the olympiad the previous month.2 Jane told her mother that when she had come home, her brother had been doing his homework.3 Sam mentioned that he had done this online test by 10 o’clock yesterday.4 The dean announced that all the students of the group had passed the exam.5 They said that the lecturer had been delivering his lecture at 10 in the morning.6 The students assured that they had studied the topic by January.7 Jason informed his colleagues that they had found some mistakes in the course the day before.8 The students assured the tutor that the conference had taken place the previous month.9 Samuel told his group mates the curator had wanted to see them after the class.10 My friend said that Jane had been studying Mathematics in college.

IV.1 Jane informed her group mates that they would not have their PE class the next day.2 The lecturer answered the students’ question that he would ask additional questions during the exam.3 Samuel assured his mentor that he would bring his course paper next week.

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4The curator said that he would give them their student’s books”.5 John said that he would have done the task by 2 o’clock the next day.6 The tutor told his students that they would be discussing this question at 9 o’clock the next day.7 Jack said that Tom would come to his place next Saturday.8 The students agreed that they would prepare a report for the next conference.9 The tutor informed the students that he would have given you the exam questions by Tuesday.10 The coach assured that our university team would win the match the next day.

V.1 John announced that they had already developed the project.2 The curator said that all the students of the group would get their scholarship next term.3 We coach exclaimed that our university football team had won the match.4 The tutor informed the students that the University was having a scientific conference this week.5 Jack agreed that the English course had been perfect the previous year.6 Jane and Jessica confirmed that they would participate in the colloquium in social studies next class.7 Professor Brown told that the next practical work would be very interesting.8 The lecturer said that he would have sent the presentation of the lecture to the students by the next day.9 Most students agreed that they were discussing the question at the time.10 She said that he had written the report the day before.

VI.1 The curator said that all students have winter holidays in January.2 The professor explained that Thomas Edison was the inventor of the electric light bulb.3 The English language teacher said that Google translator does not translate texts well.4 Jane told her mother that mathematics is the language of science.5 Jack said that water boils at 100 degrees.6 Our English teacher said that we do not use the Present Perfect when there is “ago” in a sentence.7 The student said that diamond is the hardest element.8 The chemistry professor informed the students that there are 18 groups of elements in the periodic table.9 He said that “Romeo and Juliette” was written by William Shakespeare.10 The English tutor said that the President of the United States is elected every 4 years.

VII.1 Tom asked Jack to give him his notes till the next day.2 The professor said Tom to join his group mates in the task.3 The coach commanded to start the workout.4 Jessica asked the tutor to sign the document.5 The professor told the students to hand in their papers.6 The dean asked the professor to send these students to the dean’s office.7 My mother asked me to help my sister with her homework.8 My group mates told me to wait for them.9 The guard told us not to enter the building.10 The professor told the students to sit down.

VIII.1 Jane said that she did a part-time work as a secretary at the university.2 Jane said that she was staying at her sister’s flat at the time.3 Jane said that she had met Sam that week.4 Jane said that she had been writing a report for two days.

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5 Jane said that she had seen Jessica at the conference in September.6 Jane said that she had bought a car that month as her bike had been stolen a month ago.7 Jane asked to tell Jack she wished to see him.8 Jane said that she would had passed her exam by the 5th of July.9 Jane said that she did not know what Tom was doing at the time.10 Jane asked to come and see her sometime.

IX.1 Tom asked if I knew the way to the library.2 The tutor asked the students if they had done the home assignment.3 The coach demanded if we/they were ready.4 Professor Brown was interested if we/they would join him at the conference.5 The librarian enquired if I had read the book.6 Jane asked if I was listening to the lecture at 10 in the morning the day before.7 My group mate wanted to know if I would have handed in my course paper by June.8 The prefect of the group asked if I/we would be attending that meeting the next day at 14.00.9 The dean wanted to know if I/we would organise a video conference next September.10 Jane asked if I/we had done the test the day before.

X.1 Jane asked if the weather had been fine in London last Sunday.2 Mr. Black demanded if it was 5 o’clock.3 Professor Brown wanted to know if Jack remembered Sam’s mobile phone number.4 Jane was interested if Sam stuck to the timetable.5 My friend asked me if I had ever tried a lobster.6 The tutor demanded if we had translated all the unknown words in the box.7 My friend asked me if I was looking for a job.8 Professor Blown wanted to know if we would have learned/learnt all the rules by Friday.9 The students asked the professor if he had given any points for delivering the speech at the conference.10 The students inquired if they would have a class the next day.

XI.1 Jack asked how many times a week we had physics that year.2 Professor Brown wanted to know what kind of building there was opposite them.3 Mr. Smith asked what time Jane would come next time.4 He inquired what they were doing there at the time.5 It was important for him to know where they had left the document.6 Our coach asked where we would meet to go to the competition.7 The students wanted to know how many points they would get for their work.8 They asked when they would have their vacations.9 He inquired why she had been writing the letter for 2 hours.10 He asked when she had taken the book from the library.

XII.1 Jane said that she would be doing that task the next day.2 Tom asked what Jack had read that month.3 The tutor demanded whether the task had been difficult to complete.4 She asked him to give her the article from the desk.5 It was announced the conference would take place next week.6 He knew that Jane had never been to London before.7 The coach asked if the gym would be ready the next day.

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8 The professor explained us that magnet attracts iron.9 They got to know that the competition had been postponed due to the weather conditions.10 The tutor said the conference would have finished by Tuesday.

XIII.1 Jane asked Tom if she could take a seat next to him.2 Jessica demanded what they should have done in the situation.3 The professor suggested that the first aid course should be taken by every student in the group.4 They got to know that they should learn the text by heart.5 She asked if they could use dictionaries during the exam.6 The tutor informed the students that they were to do the laboratory work in time.7 She regretted to say that she had to leave at the time.8 The students knew that they were to attend all the lectures of this professor.9 Jane asked where she could see the dean of the faculty.10 They demanded what they should do in the task.

XIV. 1 had failed 2 should help 3 wanted 4 had to do / were to do 5 would not be admitted 6 would agree 7 would do 8 would go 9 to say 10 had visited

XV.1 The tutor greeted the students and told them to it down.2 The lecture explained that time management helps you to do everything in time.3 Tom asked Jane if she could you help him with mathematics.4 The professor demanded what scientists meant by gravity.5 He said that it is illegal to drive without a license.6 She assured her friends that they would have reached their/the destination by this evening.7 The student asked the tutor if he should start reading read.8 She said that her plan had worked. And added that the project was theirs.9 He responded that he had not been at the doctor’s the day before.10 The sign said not to walk on the grass.

Модальные глаголы (Modals)I. 1 can 2 can’t 3 can see 4 can get 5 can Sue speak 6 can you stay 7 can’t 8 can you drive 9 can’t 10 can come

II. 1 D 2 A 3 F 4 B 5 C 6 E 7 G 8 I 9 J 10 H

III. 1 must 2 mustn’t 3 must 4 don’t have to 5 don’t have to 6 mustn’t 7 don’t have to 8 don’t have to 9 mustn’t 10 must

IV. 1 won’t have to 2 didn’t have to 3 will I have to 4 had to 5 did you have to 6 had to 7 had to 8 had to 9 will have to 10 had to

V.1 H should2 B shouldn’t3 E shouldn’t4 G should5 F shouldn’t6 C should7 J should8 A should

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9 D should10 I shouldn’t

VI. 1 B 2 I 3 D 4 F 5 H 6 E 7 C 8 A 9 G 10 J

VII. 1 A 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 B 6 A 7 B 8 C 9 C 10 B

VIII. 1 must not 2 must 3 don’t have to 4 should 5 have to 6 can’t 7 couldn’t 8 had to 9 will be able to 10 able to

IX.1 Why did you have to buy so many chairs? 2 You have to look after this tree very carefully.3 She doesn’t have to correct my mistakes.4 We should invite our cousins to the wedding.5 She shouldn’t go outside without an umbrella today.6 The boys must wash their socks every evening.7 My son mustn’t play with a lighter.8 Can I have a day off?9 You aren’t allowed to shout in the museum.10 He could have gone to the station.

X.1 I ’m sure that David took your books by mistake.2 I t was a mistake to park outside the police station.3 I ’m sure that Liz hasn’t met Harry before.4 It was unnecessary f or you to clean the floor.5 Heather possibly hasn’t l eft yet.6 I ’m sure they haven’t eaten all the food. It’s not possible!7 Jack is supposed to have arrived half an hour ago.8 Perhaps Pam and Tom decided not to come.9 I think it was the cat that took the fish from the table!10 It was a waste of time worrying, after all!

XI. 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 a 6 b 7 a 8 b 9 b 10 b

XII.1 You must stop smoking.2 The party was great. You should have come.3 You can solve this problem.4 You ought to visit your sick friend.5 You ought to have visited your sick friend, but you didn’t.6 Would you like some more tea?7 I had to do that.8 I don’t know why we hurried. We needn’t have hurried.9 I’d like to go with you.10 You may do everything you want.

XIII.1 Only a person who knows the language very well can answer such a question.2 Let me look at your exercises. I may be able to help you.

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3 I cannot swim, because until this year the doctor did not allow me to be more than two minutes in the water. But this year he says I may stay in for fifteen minutes if I like, so I’m going to learn to swim.

4 Libraries are quite free, and anyone who likes can get books there.5 I can come and see you tomorrow if I have time.6 Take your raincoat with you: it may rain today.7 Do you think you can do that?8 I may finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me anymore.9 May we come and see you next Sunday at three o’clock in the afternoon?10 What time is it? – I t may be about six o’clock, but I am not sure.11XIV. 1 mustn't 2 can't 3 shouldn't 4 isn't 5 shouldn't 6 mustn't 7 can't 8 may not 9 may not 10 mustn't

XV. 1 might 2 might 3 must 4 can 5 can't 6 might not 7 can't 8 might 9 must 10 mustn't

Инфинитив (Infinitive).Инфинитивные конструкции «Сложное дополнение» и «Сложное подлежащее» (Infinitive Constructions «Complex Object» and «Complex Subject»)

I. 1 be accepted 2 to do 3 to be switched on 4 to go 5 to buy 6 to be used 7 to get 8 to be taken 9 be done 10 to be interrupted

II. 1 to be invited 2 to see 3 to be told 4 to be sent 5 to ask 6 to have met / to be met 7 to have already written 8 be seen 9 to be asked 10 to have told

III. 1 j 2 h 3 g 4 e 5 f 6 c 7 d 8 I 9 b 10 a

IV. 1b 2a 3c 4b 5a 6c 7b 8a 9a 10 c

V. 1с 2с 3c 4a 5a 6c 7b 8a 9a 10 c

VI. 1 enter the house 2 them walk 3her say 4 slip a thick envelope 5 me do 6 all the teachers to be 7 to be 8him to be 9 the goods to be loaded 10 have my hair cut

VII. 1b 2a 3c 4b 5a 6c 7b 8a 9a 10 c

VIII. 1 to cut a long story short 2 to begin with 3 to say the least of it 4 pleasant to look at 5 to tell the truth 6 to say nothing of 7 left much to be desired 8 to put it mildly 9 difficult to deal with 10 hard to please

IX.1a 2a 3b 4a 5c 6a 7a 8b 9b 10b

X.1 Jane expects Dave to phone. 2 My father allowed Mum to use his car. 3 Rick offered that Fiona to go home. 4 Ron asked his friend to help him.5 Less wants you to know the truth. 6 Joan expects Din to come.

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7 Rick offered Beth to come in.8 Don asked his sister to arrive. 9 My father allowed my granny to use his mobile. 10 Line wants you to know the right answer.

XI.1 The teacher wanted the pupils to learn the rule. 2 My mother did not want me to spill the milk.3 The woman wanted her daughter to go to a ballet school. 4 The man wanted his son to study mathematics.5 The little boy wanted his father to buy him that toy. 6 Ann wanted me to wait for her after school. 7 My father wanted me to fix the shelf in the kitchen. 8 My mother wanted me to study English. 9 Our grandmother wanted us to bring her some water from the river. 10 Kate wanted her classmates to come to her birthday party.

XII. 1 a 2 b 3 b 4 b 5 a 6 a 7 a 8 a 9 a 10 c

XIII. 1 j 2 h 3 g 4 e 5 f 6 c 7 d 8 I 9 b 10 a

XIV.1 to bother \ to be given2 to appear \ to be talked3 to tell \ to know4 to earn5 to be 6 to know \ to spend7 to be over-thrown \ to advance8 to be reading \ not to have heard9 to be looking10 to be snowing

XV. 1 j 2 h 3 g 4 e 5 f 6 c 7 d 8 I 9 b 10 a

Причастие (Participle)I. 1 Being very tired 2 Having shaken hands 3 carrying 4 having 5 pondering 6 coming 7 bringing 8 thinking\thinking 9 being absorbed 10 Having breakfasted

II. 1 being promised help 2 having been shown in 3 having started the building of the house at once 4 Having poured out a cup of coffee 5 having remembered 6 not knowing what to say 7 having lived in those parts and knowing the place very well 8 having been studying 9 seeing nobody 10 having arrived at the railway station

III. 1 c 2 d 3 b 4 a 5 h 6 e 7 f 8 g 9 j 10 i

IV. 1a 2c 3a 4c 5b 6a 7b 8b 9b 10a

V. 1a 2c 3a 4c 5b 6a 7a 8a 9a 10b

VI. 1 worried 2 disappointed 3 disappointing 4 impressed 5 fascinating 6 excited 7 exciting 8 bored 9 boring 10 frightening

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VII. from 7:15 to 7:50 A.M \ arriving late \ toting cups of coffee \ slumping \ ranging from \ returning from some games \ having proposed a plan

VIII.

IX. 1a 2с 3c 4b 5c 6a 7b 8b 9a 10 b

X. 1 Having lost the key 2 Being a good boy 3 Having been given the toy 4 reading a book 5 Having missed the train 6 Walking home 7 Having worked in the company for many years 8 Watching the news every day 9 the house decorated with lights 10 walking along the road

XI.1b 2a 3c 4b 5c 6a 7b 8b 9a 10 b

XII. 1 matters repeated 2 raining men 3 catch you stealing 4 With a sinking heart 5 clothed in scarlet 6 being in the red 7 done by 8 a bleeding heart 9 than sinning 10 never knowing when the next meal was coming

XIII. 1 Having been sorted 2 frightened 3 broken 4 being written 5 Speeding 6 dreaming of being 7 Not knowing 8 Blinded by smog 9 Having come of age 10 Driven

XIV. 1 divided 2 thinking 3 connecting 4 translated 5 not knowing 6 pronouncing 7 amazing 8 disappointed 9 published 10 broken

XV. 1 c 2 d 3 b 4 a 5 h 6 e 7 f 8 g 9 j 10 i

Герундий (Gerund)I. 1 b 2 c 3 b 4 a 5 c 6 b 7 c 8 a 9 c 10 a

II. 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 b 5 b 6 a 7 c 8 a 9 a 10 b

III. 1 making 2 seeing 3 discussing 4 asking 5 coming 6 smiling 7 seeing 8 interfering 9 leaving 10 being

IV.1 to visit 2 eating 3 buying 4 going 5 writing 6 to answer 7 to get 8 to hurt 9

V. 1 to leave 2 to fly 3 to get 4 smoking 5 to have 6 washing up 7 giggling 8 playing 9 dancing 10 working

VI. 1 i 2 h 3 a 4 g 5 b 6 e 7 c 8 j 9 d 10 f

VII. 1 answering 2 making 3 listening 4 applying 5 washing 6 looking 7 working 8 using 9 seeing 10 being

VII. 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 c 5 a 6 b 7 c 8 b 9 b 10 a

Инверсия (Inversion)I.1 In no way should you consider him as your worst enemy.2 On no account must you upset your parents.3 Across the bridge live Mr. and Mrs. Adam.4 So scared was I that I could not even scream.

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5 In front of us was the horrific view of the massacre.6 Behind those mountains lies the canyon.7 Only then did he become aware of the dangers of the jungle.8 Scarcely had she begun to study when her boyfriend rang the bell.9 No way will I go trekking with him.10 Such was my terror that I couldn’t move.

II.1 No sooner had I switched the dishwasher than it broke down.2 No sooner had he seen her than he fell in love with her.3 Had we known that you were interested in buying the block of flats, we would have sold it to you.4 Down the road went your mother.5 Up the street he went.6 Only in hot countries is this disease common.7 Never again will you have such an opportunity.8 Not only did we write to her many times, but telephone her twice, too.9 No sooner had he learnt about his mother’s incurable disease than he cried his eyes out.10 Not only have we put aside some money, but also have stocked up with a lot of groceries from the shop next door.

III.1 Only when did she agree to go out with him, he bought her some flowers.2 Little did she realise the dangers that were awaiting us. 3 So tired was he that he slept for fourteen hours. 4 Such was my delight such that I bought everybody a drink. 5 To such an extent I love him that I would even give my life for him. 6 Off went my brother without saying a word. 7 Off hewent without saying a word. 8 Along the corridor were her toys. 9 On a hill stands the castle.10 Now is your chance to speak out.

IV. 1 c 2 a 3 f 4 d 5 i 6 h 7 j 8 g 9 e 10 b

V.1 So say most experts.2 Out came the sun.3 Down came the prices, and up want the sales.4 To this list may be added several further items of importance.5 In a distant grave lies his beloved body.6 And there at last was the photo I was looking for!7 Slowly out of its hangar rolled the gigantic aircraft.8 Equally inexplicable was his behaviour to his family.9 Her face was stony and even stonier was the tone of her voice.10 Into the ice-cold water she plunged.

VI.1 Next month is our marriage anniversary.2 In the doorway stood Mr Big.3 In no time did we stop laughing.4 At no time was the entrance left unguarded.5 Scarcely had he started speaking when the lights went out.

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6 Not a single book did I read that month.7 Even had the building been open, we would not have entered.8 So absurd was his manner that everybody just stared.9 Never did he think their marriage would be finished so soon.10 Very rarely do I meet anyone.

VII. 1 b 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 b 6 b 7 a 8 a 9 b 10 a

Сложносочиненные и сложноподчиненные предложения(Compound and Complex Sentences)

I. 1 d 2 f 3 a 4 c 5 j 6 b 7 e 8 g 9 i 10 h

II. 1 The streets in my neighbourhood flooded because it rained for three days. 2 I got to ball practice late because I forgot to set my alarm.3 Kyle completed his homework and put it in his binder.4 Luke mowed the lawn and earned ten dollars.5 I am tired today because I stayed up late last night.6 Neil doesn't like seafood and doesn't like cabbage.7 Because my pencil was broken, I borrowed one from Jake.8 I like apples but I like pears more.9 I broke the vase although I was very careful with it. 10 My granny has taken this medicine and/so she is all right now.

III. 1 b 2 b 3 a 4 b 5 c 6 b 7 a 8 b 9 c 10 a

IV.1 The taxi stopped, but the passenger stayed in the car.2 My brother is married and he lives in Italy.3 My brother is married, but my sister is single.4 It rained yesterday, so we stayed at home.5 I bought a magazine but I haven’t read it yet.6 They’ve got a nice house but they haven’t got a garden.7 Mary often goes to the theatre because she loves operas.8 Are you going to make a cake or have you already made it?9 Our neighbours were very poor but they never asked for help.10 We opened the window because it was too hot inside.

V.1 We opened the window because It was too hot inside.2 The sea was cold so/and we didn’t go swimming.3 I was so tired, so I went to bed.4 Tim doesn’t like Moscow because it is very noisy and big.5 It was a difficult exam but I passed it.6 They wanted to eat sushi but there wasn’t any Japanese restaurant nearby.7 Gordon worked hard, so she could make a lot of money.8 Joanna is fond of tennis and/so she plays really well.9 To get to town you can take any bus or you can just walk.10 I needed some help with French, so I took private lessons.

VI. 1 b 2 f 3 d 4 i 5 a 6 e 7 g 8 j 9 h 10 c118

VII. 1 b 2 c 3 b 4 a 5 a 6 c 7 c 8 b 9 a 10 c

VIII. 1 a 2 c 3 c 4 b 5 a 6 b 7 a 8 c 9 a 10 b

IX. 1 c 2 a 3 b 4 a 5 b 6 c 7 c 8 b 9 b 10 a

X. 1 b 2 c 3 c 4 a 5 a 6 b 7 b 8 a 9 c 10 b

XI. 1 h 2 i 3 a`4 j 5 b 6 e 7 f 8 d 9 g 10 c

XII. 1 although 2 despite 3 whereas 4 despite 5 however 6 whereas 7 Although 8 Yet 9 Although 10 in spite of

XIII. 1 where 2 when 3 where 4 where 5 when 6 why 7 where 8 when 9 where 10 why

XIV. 1 e 2 a 3 f 4 j 5 b 6 h 7 i 8 g 9 c 10 d

XV. 1 Before 2 when 3 until 4 while 5 when 6 as soon as 7 While 8 By the time 9 since 10 Before

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