9-Chuong5 Su Dung Mach3. Chuong 6 Luu Do Giai Thuat.doc - ACFrOgDy-Lfua4QPKht7SI5KZrQaAHxcsFNGa1IXhZMfd7OMVh4Sdz-LI1NZnEh6wySxO0OSWr2l3dIV-ChlrVs8Pa0P

Thit k v ch to my khc g CNC 3 trc GVHD: Th.s Bi Thanh Lun

SVTH:L Vnh Phc V Thnh Phong Trang 74

Chng 5

TM HIU CCH S DNG V CC CHC NNG

CA MACH 3 MILL

5.1 Cc yu cu Mach 3

Mch3 l phn mm c ng gi chy trn my tnh c nhn n

rt hu ch v thun tin thay th cc b iu khin my . chy Mach3 bn

cn chun b my tnh s dng h iu hnh windown XP hoc windown 2000 tr

ln. Mach 3 giao tip qua cng my in ( DB25 ) ty yu cu m ta c th chn my

c mt hoc hai cng my in.

Driver iu khin mi trc ca my phi chp nhn mt tn hiu xung

(pulses) v hng (direction). Hu nh mi driver ng c bc u c lm

ging vy.

5.2 Giao din v mt s chc nng ca Mach3

Nhp i vo biu tng Mach3 mill chy chng trnh, mn hnh s

hin ln giao din nh bn di. Mn hnh iu khin Mach3 khi khi ng my

gm c 6 trang mn hnh.

+ Program Run (Alt-1)

+ MDI (Alt2)

+ ToolPath (Alt4)

+ Offsets (Alt5)

+ Setting (Alt6)

+ Diagnostics (Alt7)

Trong 6 trang mn hnh iu khin ny c chia thnh nhiu nhm,

mi nhm hin th thng tin ca nhm v cc nt iu khin lin quan n

nhm. C nhm xut hin trn nhiu trang cho php ta d dng quan st v

iu khin nhanh chng.



Hnh 5.1 Giao din chnh ca b iu khin Mach3

5.2.1 Trang Program Run (Alt-1)

y l trang mn hnh chnh khi khi ng Mach3

Reset (Emergency Stop): Nu bn nhn Reset, my s lp tc ngng

hot ng v ngt tc th mi hot ng ca tt c cc motor. Chng trnh c

reset li t u. Reset ch nn dng khi gp cc s c rt nguy him cn dng

ngay mi hot ng ca my nh: chp mch, va p nguy himSau khi dng

Reset cn phi a my v im tham chiu (hay ci li h to ct).

G-Code: Hin th cc lnh G trong lp trnh NC v ngha ca chng.

M-Code: Hin th cc lnh M trong lp trnh NC v ngha ca chng.

Nhm iu khin cc trc: Nhm ny bao gm cc nt iu khin cc trc

v hin th v tr ca u dao.



Hnh 5.2 Nhm V tr ta ca cc trc

ngha ca cc nt iu khin trong nhm:

- Zero X, Zero Y, Zero Z, Zero 4: Ci t ta zero (0) cho mi trc ng vi ta

ct hin hnh ( c 6 ta ct t G54 G59 c ci t trong trang Offset).

- Ref all Home: Tr v ta tham chiu gc cho tt c cc trc.

- Offline: khi ch ny c chn n offline s sng ln v Mach3 s kha tt c

cc s di chuyn ca my.

- Machine Coords: Khi nt ny c nhn n s sng ln, lc ny ta ca cc

trc c hin th l ta tuyt i (ta my).

- Soft limits: y l chc nng qu c mm ca my, tc ta thit lp cc v tr c

hnh trnh bng phn mm, my s lin tc gin st mi v tr di chuyn ca cc trc

nu c mt m G code bt k hay Jog c ta nm ngoi vng lm vic cho php

th phn mm s ngt v bo li. thit lp cho Soft limits trn menu bar chn

Config > homing / soft limits.

Nhm iu khin chng tr nh:

Hnh 5.3 Nhm iu khin chng trnh



- Cycle Start (Alt-R): Khi mt chng trnh ct bt k c load ln chng

trnh s hin th trong vng G-Code. Khi nhn nt trn bng iu

khin hoc nhn t hp phm , my s t ng chy phay chi tit theo chng

trnh.

- Feed Hold (Spc): Khi s dng nt ny, u phay s ngng di chuyn, tip

tc ta nhn nt Cycle Start, u phay tip tc di chuyn v mi hot ng ca my s

tip tc. Nt Feed Hold dng khi gp cc s c cn phi dng di chuyn u ct.

- Stop (Alt-S): Dng chng trnh ct.

- Edit G-Code: Hiu chnh G-Code hin hnh. Khi mt

chng trnh n gin ta c th lp trnh bng tay bng cch

nhn nt ny sau khi ng G-Code hin hnh. Hoc ta c th

sa chng trnh hin hnh.

- Recent File: Load nhng chng trnh mi ct gn y.

- Close G-Code:ng G-Code hin hnh trong vng G-Code.

- Load G-Code:Load chng trnh cn phay ln vng G-

Code.

- Set Next Line: Ci t dng s phay tip theo khi ta nhn

nt Cycle Start ( ci t dng s ct tip theo sau khi ta

nhn ny Cycle Start ta nhn nt Set Next Line v nhp s dng vo).

- Run From Here: Sau khi nhp dng bt u phay tip ta nhn nt ny h

thng s t ng chy ti dng ta mun phay tip v ch nhn Cycle Start. Khi ta

nhn nt Cycle Start h thng s xut hin hp thoi Preperational Move to hi ta c

mun di chuyn n ta ca cu lnh trc khng.

- Rewind (Ctrl-W): Tr v u chng trnh.

- Single BLK (Alt-N): Nhn nt Single Block (hoc nhn t hp phm

bt u ch ny (n single block bt sng) v nhn li nt single block (nh ra)

b ch ny. ch ny khi chng trnh c thc thi, dao s dng sau mi

block chng trnh (Cu lnh). Chc nng ny gip ta kim tra tng khi lnh.



Hnh 5.4 Tool Information

Hnh 5.5 Speed Rate

Hnh 5.6 Spindle speed

- Auto Tool Zero: Tr v im thay in cc ci

t.

- Remember: Nh v tr hin ti lm v tr thay in

cc khi nhn nt Return.

- Return: Tr v im thay in cc. Khi nhn nt

ny xut hin mt hp thoi v h thng s hi ta c

bt Spindle(u ct) khng.

- Jog ON/OFF Ctrl-Alt-J: Tt m chc nng chy

bng tay, khi ch ny c chn n Jog

- Spindle Speed: tc trc chnh.

- Nt Spindle: Bt tt u ct.

- Speed Override: cho php thay i tc trc

- Feed Rate: Hin th tc ct Feedrate Override:

Tc ct (feedrate) trong chng trnh s c hiu

chnh tng hoc gim theo phn trm c la chn

trn nt.

- Jog feed rate override. Thng s dng chy

kim tra chng trnh. i khi trong chng trnh ta

dng tc ct chm m bo an ton, khi gia

cng ta thy c th tng tc ct m vn m bo

cc yu cu th ta dng chc nng ny tng tc

ct ( tng tc ct ta nhn vo du trong

vng Feed Rate hoc nhn F11, tng t gim ta

nhn vo du trong vng Feed Rate hoc nhn

F11). Khi s dng ch ny n.

- Jog feed rate override s nhp nhy thot khi ch



5.2.2 Trang MDI Alt2 (Manual Data Input)

L ch iu khin my bng cc lnh NC trong ch MDI, chng

trnh c thc hin cng cng nh dng nh vng G-Code nhng c nhp

vo tng cu lnh trong vng Input (chn nt MDI trn bng iu khin my).

Ngoi ra Mach 3 cn c ch dy(Teach):

- Mach3 c th nh c tt c cc dng ta nhp vo trong vng Input

v lu li thnh File MDITech.tap trong C:\Mach3\GCode\. Ta c th load File

MDITech.tap bng cch nhn nt Load/Edit file MDI c load ln vng G-Code

(Lu trc khi load file MDITech.tap ta nn ng G-Code hin hnh li).

- lu li cc dng nhp th trc khi nhp ta nhn nt Start Tech

sau khi nhp ta nhn nt Stop Tech lu nhng dng nhp vo file

MDITech.tap. Trong qu trnh nhp nu mun b dng ang nhp ta nhn phm

Esc hoc nhp chut vo nt Stop (Esc).

- nh v tr hin tai ta nhn nt Set Variable Position v tr v v tr

nh trc ta nhn nt Goto Variable Position.

Hnh 5.7 Giao din trang MDI



5.2.3 Trang ToolPath (Alt4)

Hnh 5.8 Giao din trang Tool Path

5.2.4 Trang Offsets Alt5

Hnh 5.9 Giao din trang offsets



- Ci t ta ct:

H ta ct (work coordinate system) l h ta gn lin vi

chi tit cn phay, h ta ny thng c s dng khi lp trnh phay

nn gi l h ta phay. Khi lp trnh, phi nh xc nh la chn

G54-G59. Mach3 mc nh l G54.

5.2.5 Trang Setting (Alt6)

Trang cho php ta Ci t tham s cho my, phn ci t ny do

nh sn xut ci t

Lu : Ngi vn hnh khng c thay i cc thng s trong trang.

Hnh 5.10 Giao din trang settings



5.2.6 Trang Diagnostics (Alt7)

Trang ny cho php ta Chun on cc li ca my.

Hnh 5.11 Giao din trang Diagnostics

5.3 Cch s dng cc Mode trong Mach3

5.3.1 Mode Jog

vo ch Jog (iu khin bng tay) ta nhn nt Jog ON/OFF (hoc

bm t hp phm ) khi ny n Jog ON/OFF sng ln v ta c th

dng phm di chuyn u ct. chn mode ta click Shuttle mode, ng vi mi

mode n vng s sng bn cnh. C tt c 3 mode.

- Trong mode continuous: c chc nng khi bn nhn phm tt jog ca trc

no th thi trc s jog mt khong cch t lc bn nhn v gi phm cho n

lc nh ra. Tc jog c thit lp theo t l phn trm trong DRO bn di

Slow Jog Rate, bn c th nhp gi tr t 0,1% - 100% sau nhn enter thc

thi gi tr va c nhp.Ngoi ra bn c th thay i bng cch nhn nt tam giac

o bn cnh tng hay gim gi tr lu mi ln nhn ng vi gi tr s tng ln



hay gim xung 5%. Nu bn nhn gi phm Shift km theo khi tc s t

gi tr 100% tc tc cc i cho php gip di chuyn n v tr mong mun

nhanh hn.

- Trong mode Step: Mi ln nhn phm jog ng vi mi trc s di chuyn

theo t l DRO bn cnh Cycle jog Step, bn c th thit lp gi tr ny vo Dro

theo mun, di chuyn s thc thi theo feed rate hin ti, ngoi ra bn c th

chuyn ng m khng theo t l ca mode step m bn c th di chuyn theo t l

mc nh ca nt cycle jog step.

Hnh 5.12 Hp thoi s dng mode Jog v MPG (Handle)



Ta c th dng cc phm mi tn ln xung, qua li iu khin, mc nh

phm mi tn nm ngang c thit lp cho vi di chuyn trc X, cc phm mi tn

ln xung c thit lp cho di chuyn trc Y, phm Page up v Page down c thit

lp cho trc Z ln xung.

5.3.2 Mode Handle(MPG)

Mun s dng c mode ny bn phi conect handle vi cng my in thng

qua ng vo ca cng ny, sau vo config/ port and Pin hp thoi xut hin chn

tab Encoder/MPGs thit lp ng chn m bn kt ni vi handal nh hnh bn

di.

Hnh 5.13 Hp thoi cho php thit lp ng cc chn iu khin LPT

Sau quay tr li chng trnh, ti mn hnh o ch MPG mode chn cc

nt ALT A, ALT B, ALT C, mi ln nhn n vng s nhy n v tr mi trc

mun iu khin m bn mun di chuyn.

5.4 Mt s chc nng khc

- Panning and Zooming toolpath display.

Trn gc mn hnh m phng cng c v bin dng bn phi chng trnh ta c

th thay i gc nhn cng nh thu nh v phng ln ln bng cch di chuyn con

tr n chi tit nhn gi v xoay theo mong mun.



Lu khi chng trnh ang chy ta khng th thay i .

- Ngoi ra Mach3 cn h tr mt s Modult CAM chuyn dng nh Ct

cung trn, ct ng trn, ct theo bin dng Spline

Ta gi chng trnh bng cch sau:

Trn manu bar chn wizards/ chn Pick Wizards hp thoi s hin ln

nh di hnh.

Hnh 5.14 Cam Funtion Addon

Ngoi ra Mach3 cn mt s modult nh trong hnh. Bn mun chy

Modult no th ch vic nhp chn tn chng trnh trong hp thoi ri chn

Run, lc ny hp thoi chng trnh tng ng s hin din.

V d: Mun chy chng trnh Cut a Circular pocket ta nhp chn vo

tn nh mu bn trn ri nhp Run. Lc ny xut hin hp thoi.



Hnh 5.15 Giao din chng trnh Cut a Circular pocket

Lc ny ta ch vic nhp vo cc DRO trn hp thoi v nhp vo cc

kch thc mong mun ri lu li cc thit lp bng nt Save Setting sau

nhn Post code chng trnh s t ng xut ra chng trnh Gcode cho bn.

Nguc li mun x ta nhp Clear. Sau nhp Exit s quay v chng trnh

chnh v tin hnh chy chng trnh.



Hnh 5.16 Tin hnh chy chng trnh t Circular pocket

5.5 Tn hiu truyn t Mach3 ra cng LPT

Nh ni trn th Mach3 xut ra 3 cp xung v hng (Pulse/ Dir)

ng vi mc logic 1 l 5 volt v mc logic 0 l 0 volt. S chn v chc nng

ca tng chn.

Hnh 5.17 S chc nng tng chn ca cng my in(LPT)

- Cng LPT trn my tnh.

o 8 chn D0- D7 l cc chn OUTPUT ca thanh ghi DATA.



o 5 chn S3- S7 l cc chn INPUT ca thanh ghi STATUS.

o 4 chn C0- C3 l cc chn OUTPUT ca thanh ghi CONTROL

Chc nng mc nh ca cc chn LPT do Mach3 xut tn hiu.

- Ngoi ra ta c th hiu chnh s chn v s cng LPT trn phn

mm bng cch:

Trn menu bar chn config>.

o PORTS/PINS:



Hnh 5.18 Bng hiu chnh s chn tn hiu LPT

Trong hp thoi gm 7 trang.

- Port setup and axis selection: cho php thit lp s cng LPT.

- Motor output: tn hiu xut ra cho ng c nh cho php ta chn chn

xung v chn hng di chuyn ca mi trc.

- Input signals: cho php thit lp chn tn hiu ng vo(nh cc tn hiu

c hnh trnh ).

- Output signals: cho php thit lp chn tn hiu ng ra (nh ng m

ng c trc chnh, bm ti ngui ...).

- Encoder/MPGs: Cho php thit lp chn tn hiu Handle.

- Spindle settup: cho php ci t tn hiu ng m trc chnh, chn ch

ti ngui

- Mill option: Mt s la chn m rng ca modul Mill nh ci t

khong cch an ton cho trc Z.

o SELECT NATIVE UNITS:

- Cho php ta chn n v lp trnh gia cng l mm(milimeter) hay Inches



Hnh 5.19 Bng thit lp n v lp trnh

o MOTOR TURNING:

Hnh 5.20 Hp thoi cho php hiu chnh s xung encoder di chuyn

o SYSTEMS HOTKEY:



Hnh 5.21 Bng thit lp phm tt di chuyn cho cc trc

o HOMING/LIMITS:

Hnh 5.22 Bng thit lp cc gii hn c bng phn mm



5.6 Cch chuyn i file Autocad sang G-code

5.6.1 Lm vic trong Autocad

Dng AutoCad v cc ng cn phay. phay theo mun ta sp

xp nhng hnh phay khc nhau trn nhng Layer khc nhau.

Sau khi v cc ng cn phay ta lu li File vi ui *.dxf

Hnh 5.23 Hp thoi save trong Autocad

Lu : Nn di chuyn nhng ng v v gc to trc khi lu

(bng lnh Move).

5.6.2 Lm vic trong Mach 3

- Sau khi c file .DXF. c c th t phay theo yu cu ta sp

xp cc hnh phay khc nhau trn nhng Layer khc nhau.

- Import file DXF trong Mach3

import file *.dxf trong Mach3 t menu File ta chn import DXFs,

xut hin ca s DXF Import.



Hnh 5.24 Hp thoi Import dxf trong Mach 3

Vic import file DXF bao gm 4 bc:

- M file (Load file)

Nhn vo nt xut hin ca s Open chn file mun phay

sau nhn nt hnh mun phay xut hin trong ca s DFX

Import nh hnh bn di. sp xp th t phay theo mong mun ta nhn

vo nt xut hin ca s Layer control.

Hnh 5.24 Cc thit lp trong hp thoi



Ci t iu khin lp (Layer Control)

Hnh 5.25 Hp thoi thit lp cc lp

Trong ca s ny s xut hin nhng lp trong file DXF, ta nn lu

nhng thng s sau:

- Layer Name (Tn cc Layer trong bn v DXF), On/Off (bt tt

Layer mun phay), Feed Rate (Tc phay), Cutting Order (Th t phay)

- phay Layer no ta bt On cho Layer trong ct On/Off

- ci t tc phay cho mi layer ta nhp vo tc trong

Feed Rate tng ng cho mi Layer.

- Trong ct Cutting Order th hin th t phay ca cc layer.

layer no phay trc ta nhp s cho layer th t phay c sp xp tng dn

theo s m.

Ci t cc h s (Factors):



To file G-Code.

Sau khi sp xp v ci t nhng h s ph hp ta to file G-Code

bng cch nhn vo nt xut hin hp thoi Save As, chn ni

lu file G-Code t tn trong file name v nhn nt .

hon tt vic Import file DXF ta nhn nt thot khoi hp

thoi DXF Import xut hin chng trnh G-Code trong vng G-Code v sn

sng cho vic phay bin dng hnh.

- Optimise: Ti u ng phay.

- As Drawn: phay ging nh v.

- No Zs or S,s: File G-Code c to ra khng c

Z(trc Z) hoc S (tc quay trc chnh).



Chng 6

GII THUT IU KHIN

6.1 Lu gii thut iu khin my

Nguyn l iu khin.

Nhn Start, khi ng my tnh m chng trnh Mach3, kim

tra xem c bo Alarm khng? cc tn hiu Alarm y ch yu l cc v tr

c nh c b qu c khng

Y

START

END

RELEASE

K MACH3

KT QU C

NG EMERGENCY

M EMERGENCY

END HOME X, Y, Z

END

Y

N

N



- Nu c th xut tn hiu cho Mach3 ng Emergency. Tip tc

kim tra tip, kim tra xem c tn hiu no bn ngoi c nhn

khng! Nu nt Release c nhn th ngt Emergency ca

chng trnh mach3 cho php jog ngc li thot khi v tr

c.ngc li th thot quay v chng trnh chnh tip tc kim

tra.

- Nu khng c alarm th tip tc cho php v home my cc trc

X, Y, Z.



6.2 Gii thut v v tr home

GIM TC 10%

Y

N

Y

HOME X (Y, Z)

NGT CT MACH3

CHY NGC TC 80%

N ! C X (Y, Z)

C X (Y,Z)

C HOME X (Y, Z)

END

GIM TC 20%

!C HOME X (Y, Z)

BT PHASE Z

DNG BT N HOME

N

Y

N

Y

Y

N

CHY THUN TC 60%



Gii thut v home ca tng trc

TH1: Khi c tn hiu home X motor trc X s chy vi tc nhanh.

- Nu chm c X th chy gim tc xung khong 20% n khi

va qua khi c tc gim xung thp nht khong 10%, ti

khi bt c phase Z ca encoder th dng trc X v bt n bo

home, nu cha bt c phase Z th tip tc chy vi tc

thp.

- Ngc li nu cha chm c X th tip tc chy.

TH2: Gi s khi b qu c v ang nm ti v tr gia c gii hn X v

c Home X. Khi c tn hiu Home th ngt phn mm iu khin mach

3, kim tra xem c chm c gii hn X khng.

- Nu c th chy ngc li vi tc chm n khi thot khi c

X th quay v chng trnh chnh tip tc Home

- Ngc li nu cha thot khi c X th tip tc chy ngc vi

tc chm.

Tng t cho cc trc Y, Z cn li.

Documents

9-Chuong5 Su Dung Mach3. Chuong 6 Luu Do Giai Thuat.doc - ACFrOgDy-Lfua4QPKht7SI5KZrQaAHxcsFNGa1IXhZMfd7OMVh4Sdz-LI1NZnEh6wySxO0OSWr2l3dIV-ChlrVs8Pa0P