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A Case Study of Using Common Low Moisture Fillers in the Roller Compacted Tablets Anshul Gupte, Charles Reynolds, Jerry Mizell, Russell Branch, Brian Warren, Wayne Jefferson, Brad Gold OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the benefit of using common low moisture grade pharmaceutical excipients: Mannitol, NF (Grades: Pearlitol® 300 DC, Pearlitol® 160c) (Roquette) and/or Microcrystalline Cellulose, NF (Grades: Avicel® PH200 LM, Avicel ® PH 112) (FMC Corp.) as fillers in a tablet formulation to limit the moisture uptake by a model hygroscopic drug manufactured with a roller compaction process. INTRODUCTION The model compound (X) is highly compressible with poor flow properties. Moreover, it is not suited for a direct blend process, without increasing the tablet size to one larger than deemed acceptable. Amongst the means used to affect densification of a blended formulation are various forms of granulation: notably lowshear or highshear wet granulation or roller compaction. In the cases where the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) has exhibited chemical or polymorphic instability in water or other common wet granulation solvents, the process of roller compaction is preferred. METHODOLOGY The study focuses on the use of two commonly used pharmaceutical fillers/diluents: Pearlitol ® (Mannitol) or Avicel ® (Microcrystalline Cellulose). In order to illustrate the differences between Avicel and Mannitol as fillers with respect to moisture uptake by the drug in the tablet dosage form, various tablet formulations were manufactured, most notably containing either Avicel (100%), or Avicel/Mannitol (75/25%) or Avicel/Mannitol (25/75%) as fillers/diluents. It should be noted that Mannitol was always used as an intragranular filler, while Avicel was used either as intragranular or as extragranular filler. The tablets were stored for long term under two stability conditions: 25°C/60% RH or 40°C/75% RH in calibrated and under ICH storage conditions stability chambers. The tablets were analyzed at initial, 3 and 7 months of storage for Assay and Impurity levels (by HPLC), Moisture (by Karl Fisher), Dissolution (by USP Apparatus and HPLC detection). Additionally any thermal changes in the drug were tracked with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) at initial, 3 and 7 months of stability storage.

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A Case Study of Using Common Low Moisture Fi l lers in the Rol ler Compacted Tablets

Anshul  Gupte,  Charles  Reynolds,  Jerry  Mizell,  Russell  Branch,  Brian  Warren,  Wayne  Jefferson,  Brad  Gold      OBJECTIVE  The  aim  of  this  study  was  to  compare  the  benefit  of  using  common  low  moisture  grade  pharmaceutical  excipients:  Mannitol,  NF  (Grades:  Pearlitol®  300  DC,  Pearlitol®  160c)  (Roquette)  and/or  Microcrystalline  Cellulose,  NF  (Grades:  Avicel®  PH-­‐200  LM,  Avicel  ®  PH  112)  (FMC  Corp.)  as  fillers  in  a  tablet  formulation  to  limit  the  moisture  uptake  by  a  model  hygroscopic  drug  manufactured  with  a  roller  compaction  process.      INTRODUCTION  The  model  compound  (X)  is  highly  compressible  with  poor  flow  properties.  Moreover,  it  is  not  suited  for  a  direct  blend  process,  without  increasing  the  tablet  size  to  one  larger  than  deemed  acceptable.      Amongst  the  means  used  to  affect  densification  of  a  blended  formulation  are  various  forms  of  granulation:  notably  low-­‐shear  or  high-­‐shear  wet  granulation  or  roller  compaction.  In  the  cases  where  the  Active  Pharmaceutical  Ingredient  (API)  has  exhibited  chemical  or  polymorphic  instability  in  water  or  other  common  wet  granulation  solvents,  the  process  of  roller  compaction  is  preferred.      METHODOLOGY  The  study  focuses  on  the  use  of  two  commonly  used  pharmaceutical  fillers/diluents:  Pearlitol  ®  (Mannitol)  or  Avicel  ®  (Microcrystalline  Cellulose).  In  order  to  illustrate  the  differences  between  Avicel  and  Mannitol  as  fillers  with  respect  to  moisture  uptake  by  the  drug  in  the  tablet  dosage  form,  various  tablet  formulations  were  manufactured,  most  notably  containing  either  Avicel  (100%),  or  Avicel/Mannitol  (75/25%)  or  Avicel/Mannitol  (25/75%)  as  fillers/diluents.  It  should  be  noted  that  Mannitol  was  always  used  as  an  intra-­‐granular  filler,  while  Avicel  was  used  either  as  intra-­‐granular  or  as  extra-­‐granular  filler.  The  tablets  were  stored  for  long  term  under  two  stability  conditions:  25°C/60%  RH  or  40°C/75%  RH  in  calibrated  and  under  ICH  storage  conditions  stability  chambers.    The  tablets  were  analyzed  at  initial,  3  and  7  months  of  storage  for  Assay  and  Impurity  levels  (by  HPLC),  Moisture  (by  Karl  Fisher),  Dissolution  (by  USP  Apparatus  and  HPLC  detection).  Additionally  any  thermal  changes  in  the  drug  were  tracked  with  Differential  Scanning  Calorimetry  (DSC)  at  initial,  3  and  7  months  of  stability  storage.        

 

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Manufacturing  Equipment  30-­‐mesh  Hand  Screen  or  VortiSiv  15�  sifter  with  20  mesh  screen  Twin  shell  or  Tote  Blenders  Roller  Compactor  (Powtec  or  Fitzpatrick  L-­‐83)  Quadro  Comil  Globe  Pharma  Mini  Press    Analytical  Equipment  Vankel  Tap  Density  Tester  Hanson  Flodex  Flowability  Tester  USP  Apparatus  2  Dissolution  Bath      

Figure  1:  Roller  Compaction/Granulation  Process  Flow  Diagram    

           

 

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Figure  2:  List  of  Ingredients  for  Roller  Compaction  Process    

  Functionality  

Amounts  per  Tablet  

Amounts  per  Tablet    (%)  

Amounts  per  Tablet    (mg)  

Intra-­‐granular  Ingredients  

Compound  X   Active  Pharmaceutical  ingredient  

33.3   100.0  

Mannitol  NF  (Pearlitol®  160c)    and/or  Avicel  PH  112   Diluent    

Varied   Varied  

Colloidal  Silicon  Dioxide,  NF   Glidant  0.25   0.750  

Magnesium  Stearate,  NF    (Non-­‐bovine  Hyqual®)   Lubricant    

0.5   1.500  

Extra-­‐granular  Ingredients  

Mannitol  NF  (Pearlitol®  300DC)    and/or  Avicel  PH  200  LM     Diluent    

Varied   Varied  

Colloidal  Silicon  Dioxide,  NF   Glidant  0.25   0.750  

Magnesium  Stearate,  NF    (Non-­‐bovine  Hyqual®)   Lubricant    

0.5   1.500  

Total    100.0   300.0  

   

 

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RESULTS    Figure  3:  Comparison  of  Physical  Attributes  of  Various  Blends  Manufactured  with  Combinations  of  

Diluents  

Formulation   100%    Avicel®  

75/25%    (Avicel®/  Pearlitol®)  

50/50%  (Avicel®/  Pearlitol®)  

25/75%  (Avicel®/  Pearlitol®)  

100%    Pearlitol®    

Flow  Dex  8  (Very  Good)  

4  (Excellent)  

5    (Excellent)  

16  (Poor)  

 8    (Very  Good)          

Bulk  Density  (g/mL)   0.5   0.5   0.54   0.57   0.4  

Tap  Density  (g/mL)   0.6   0.65   0.7   0.76   0.56  

Carr’s  Index   22.9   21.5   22.9   25.0   21.4  

%  Fines     29.0   30.4   20.7   30.4   14.0  

Loss  on    Drying  (%)   3.2   2.5   2.1   1.0   0.6  

 • Avicel  (100%):  Intra-­‐granular:  Avicel  PH  112.  Extra-­‐granular:  Avicel  PH  200  LM  • Avicel/Mannitol  (75/25%):  Intra-­‐granular:  Avicel  PH  112  +  Pearlitol  160  c.  Extra-­‐

granular:  Avicel  PH  200  LM  • Avicel/Mannitol  (50/50%):  Intra-­‐granular:  Pearlitol  160  c.  Extra-­‐granular:  Avicel  PH  200  

LM  • Avicel/Mannitol  (25/75%):Intra-­‐granular:  Pearlitol  160  c.  Extra-­‐granular:  Avicel  PH  200  

LM  +  Pearlitol  300  DC  • Pearlitol  (100%):  Intra-­‐granular:  Pearlitol  160  c.  Extra-­‐granular:  Pearlitol  300  DC  

         

 

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Figure  4:  Comparison  of  Tablet  Formulation  Before  and  After  7-­‐month  Accelerated  Stability  Study    

   

   

Figure  5:  Thermogram  of  Tablet  formulations  after  7-­‐month  Accelerated  Stability  Study  

 

19 ± 1.440 ± 0.462 ± 2.840°C/75% RH

58 ± 2.071 ± 2.4

70 ± 0.765 ± 8.6

78 ± 2.777 ± 2.9

25°C/60% RHDissolution (%)

(@ 15minutes)

94.895.191.1 40°C/75% RH97.2

99.690.3

98.991.0

99.525°C/60% RH

Assay (%)

1.4 ± 0.23.2 ± 0.24.1 ± 0.140°C/75% RH

1.3 ± 0.12.5

3.1 ± 0.24.0

3.8 ± 0.24.0

25°C/60% RHMoisture (%w/w)

7 monthsInitial7monthsInitial7 monthsInitial

Avicel/Mannitol(25/75%)

Avicel/Mannitol(75/25%)

Avicel(100%)

19 ± 1.440 ± 0.462 ± 2.840°C/75% RH

58 ± 2.071 ± 2.4

70 ± 0.765 ± 8.6

78 ± 2.777 ± 2.9

25°C/60% RHDissolution (%)

(@ 15minutes)

94.895.191.1 40°C/75% RH97.2

99.690.3

98.991.0

99.525°C/60% RH

Assay (%)

1.4 ± 0.23.2 ± 0.24.1 ± 0.140°C/75% RH

1.3 ± 0.12.5

3.1 ± 0.24.0

3.8 ± 0.24.0

25°C/60% RHMoisture (%w/w)

7 monthsInitial7monthsInitial7 monthsInitial

Avicel/Mannitol(25/75%)

Avicel/Mannitol(75/25%)

Avicel(100%)

 

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   CONCLUSIONS  

• The  assay  of  drug  after  7  months  storage  at  both  25°C/60%  RH  and  40°C/75%  RH  was  Avicel/Mannitol  (25/75%)  >  Avicel/Mannitol  (75/25%)  >  Avicel  (100%),  which  indicated  that  Mannitol  as  a  diluent  in  comparison  to  Avicel  better  protected  the  drug  against  degradation  over  long  term  stability  storage.      

•  The  above  result  was  further  supported  by  the  amount  of  moisture  present  in  the    tablets  at  7  months  storage:  Avicel/Mannitol  (25/75%)  <  Avicel/Mannitol  (75/25%)  <  Avicel  (100%).    

•  The  lowest  initial  dissolution  rate  after  7  month  storage  was  observed  for  the  Avicel/Mannitol  (25/75%)  formulation.    

•  The  above  results  suggest  that  Mannitol  as  a  diluent  offers  moisture  barrier  and  protect  the  drug  from  degradation.