A Summary of Recent P/M Trends in TurkeyŸ“國粉末冶金會議/Forum...and USA 2000 – 2010 . ... - filler metal in brazing pastes, -thermal spray ... • 70 % Hard Metals ( 85

A Summary of Recent P/M Trends in Turkey

Dr. Burak ÖZKAL Istanbul Technical University, Metallurgical &

Materials Engineering Department, Associate. Prof.

Outline • Introduction – Recent Economical Figures • P/M Industry and Market in Turkey

• Metal Powder Import-Export • P/M Manufactures – Capacities/Target Markets

• P/M Education & Research in Turkey • International P/M related publications • P/M Education - P/M Research Infrastructures

• P/M related Associations and Activities • Conclusions

APMA 2011 Oct 30 - Nov 2 2011 Jeju - Korea

Main Economical Indicators – Transition to Agricultural products to industrial products

– Biggest world economies forcing the first 15

– In paralel to industrialization of the country P/M investments are increasing


P/M Industry and Market in Turkey • Turkish Powder Metallurgy (P/M) industry was started in late 1960s

• P/M industry in Turkey is strongly motivated by the developments in two sectors: Automotive industry and stone/marble production industry.

• Currently, there are 3 big and 15 medium sized factories in Turkey producing P/M parts or cutting tools for these industries.

• In addition to these factories, there are more than 20 shop-sized firms producing either sintered bearings or diamond cutting tools.

• 6 firms are producing metal powders in Turkey, but their total production is less than 10.000 tons/year.

• Estimated P/M market values for Turkey 150 million USD for 1998 and 250 million Euro for 2006.


Metal Powder Import Trends


Metal Powder Import/Export Trends Fe & Steel Powders


Mainly imports from Sweden, China, Romania and Ukraine

2000 – 2010 Average Import Amount : 4.900

tonnes/year

Metal Powder Import/Export Trends Al & Zn Powders


Mainly imports from Germany, China, Russia and USA

2000 – 2010 Average Import Amount:

860 tonnes/year

2000 – 2010 Average Import Amount :

726 tonnes/year

Mainly imports from Belgium and Norway

Metal Powder Import/Export Trends


Mainly imports from Italy, England, Germany, Russia and Spain


240 tonnes/year

Mainly imports from England, Belgium and Canada


60,9 tonnes/year



Mainly imports from France and Belgium


51,6 tonnes/year

Mainly imports from China, USA and Germany


8 tonnes/year



Mainly imports from Ireland, USA and China

2000 – 2010 Average Import

Amount : 7,2 tonnes/year

Metal Powder Production Capacities • SENTES-BIR

• atomization 3.000 tons/year Cu, Co, Ni, Bronze, Fe

• GÜREL-MAKINA A.S. • atomization 3.000 tons/year

Al, Cu, Bronze

• TOZ METAL atomization • 1.000 tons/year Al

• MME • 6.000 tons/year Mg chips

........< 300 tons/year powders

• Many other small business low capacities, Al, Cu based

• (Sinter Metal produces own Cu based powder in 70s to 80s 120.000 tons)


Metal Powder Export Amounts

• SentesBIR has both gas and water atomization capability with total 3000 tons/year.

• Water atomized copper, tin and bronze powders used mainly for;

- sintered parts - cutting tools manufacturing - filler metal in brazing pastes • In gas atomization copper-, nickel-, cobalt- and

iron-based alloy powders manufactured for; - filler metal in brazing pastes, -thermal spray

powders , - MIM applicationss - HIP applications

- more than 50% of brazing and thermal spray powders are exported.


Powder Producer, since 1986

• Manufacturer of different powders having capacity of 3.000 tons/year

• Manufacturer of sintered friction materials; friction linings, clutch pads, thrust washers

• Only known company produces own powders needed for its P/M processes

• 80% of the final products are exported.

• Also establishes, turn-key factories related to P/M & Sintering Technologies. So far, five turn-key factories were established three of them are located outside of Turkey.


Powder Producer, P/M Manufacturer founded in 1984

Structural Part Production

• Related P/M Companies: Sinter Metal, Toz Metal, Sintek, Sinter Teknik, Maysan, Metin Automotive, Eray Dinamo, Burçsan and.....others ...... Located Istanbul and around.

• Mainly producing parts to vehicles, washing machines, refrigirators, hand tools and others (80 % automotive and vehicles)

• Some of the companies doubled their production capacities during last decade

• Bigger players mainly exports • Currently 4 company are planning to invest into P/M


95 % Exports 10.000 tonnes/year capacity

APMA 2011 Oct 30 - Nov 2 2011 Jeju - S. Korea

Hard Metals • 70 % Hard Metals ( 85 % supplied by imports) • 15 % HSS • 15 % Precision Tools

– Total Market Demand 100 m Euro (2006) – Estimated Demand for Hard Metals (2011) 75-80 m Euro -

Main consumable is inserts (95 % Indexed, 80 % coated) • Inner Manufacturing Capacity/Market Shares (15 %)

– Böhler is the leading actor and dominates 40-60 % of inner market demand. Böhler also exports around 50 % of its total sales.

– Nurol and a new factory in Bursa region are the other big players.


Diamond Cutting Tools • More than %70 of the processed stone is marble, the

rest are granite, andasite and travertine • Related P/M Companies: Sonmak, Eas, Güçlü Soket

Unimas,Diabor, Diatek and.....others ......


P/M Education & Research in Turkey

• First Ph.D degree on P/M: 1950 “P/M of Ni & Mg Alloys” by Ö. F. Özgiray, Ankara University, Chemistry Department.

• Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering Departments are the potential nucleation sites for P/M education in undergraduate level. (today 32 departments overall in Turkey >2700 students per year-excluding mechanical engineering )

• Graduate level programs belonging those mentioned programs offer M.Sc. And Ph.D. studies related to P/M.

• Also there are number of Research Centers and R&D departments country-wide offering certain infrastrures to perform P/M related projects to their researchers.

• Recently, the number of Nanotechnology Centers are increasing. These centers are quite good infrastructure to perform advanced level P/M or particulate materials research. APMA 2011 Oct 30 - Nov 2 2011 Jeju - Korea

Topic: Powder Metallurgy Address: Turkey

number of Web of Science Articles APMA 2011 Oct 30 - Nov 2 2011 Jeju - Korea

International P/M related publications

Topic: Powder Metallurgy Address: Country Name

number of Web of Science Articles PERIOD China USA Japan India Germany Korea

1970-80 0 9 8 4 2 0 1981-90 1 55 21 12 5 1 1991-00 101 368 292 66 109 59 2001-10 780 498 393 251 187 177 (2011) 115 31 24 24 17 20 PERIOD France Turkey Iran Taiwan Australia Malaysia

1970-80 13 0 0 0 1 0 1981-90 21 2 0 2 0 0 1991-00 80 6 1 19 15 2 2001-10 143 109 77 66 62 20 (2011) 8 22 23 3 9 10


Topic: Powder Metallurgy Address: Turkey number of Web of Science Articles


Contribution of 27 Different

Universities or RC

Total Citations: 326

Research Groups –P/M Labs Ankara (METU, Gazi, Hacettepe) İstanbul (ITU, YTU, IU, Marmara Univ.) Kocaeli (KU, Gebze Ins. Tech. , TUBITAK-MRC) Eskişehir (Anadolu, Osmangazi), İzmir (9 Eylul Univ.)Elazığ (Fırat Univ), Trabzon (Karadeniz Technical Univ.) Recently-ITU-PML and Gazi Univ. PMRC applied for becoming Center of Excellence

P/M Related Associations & Activities


• Turkish Powder Metallurgy

Association

• UCTAE Chamber of Metallurgical

Engineers

• Turkish Ceramic Society

TURKISH POWDER METALLURGY ASSOCIATION

• 1st National Powder Metallurgy Conference (with International Participation) – 1996 Ankara

• 2nd National Powder Metallurgy Conference (with International Participation) – 1999 Ankara

• 3rd International Powder Metallurgy Conference – 2002 Ankara

• 4th International Powder Metallurgy Conference – 2005 Sakarya

• 5th International Powder Metallurgy Conference – 2008 Ankara

• 6th International Powder Metallurgy Conference – 2011 Ankara (Last month)

• Founded in 1995 by Prof. Dr. Süleyman Sarıtaş • Member of EPMA – Quarterly newsletter

UCTAE Chamber of Metallurgical Engineers

• Founded in 1970 and so far organized 15 International Metallurgy & Materials Congress (Ankara & Istanbul)

• 16th will be organized September 2012 in İstanbul • P/M have been covered as seperate sessions.

Turkish Ceramic Society

• Founded in 1990 • Biggest event ECERS 2003 – Istanbul

Others • Many other Materials Science related congress/symposiums

organized by different universities covers P/M

Conclusion

• P/M companies have passed the learning stage and are now in a period of technology development and global integration.

• The universities and research centers offers good scientific infrastructure and well-educated staff.On the other hand, current level of Industry-University colloboration within the country and around the country is low.

• Although powder production capacities are very low and dependent to foreign powder sources, sector is competetive and bigger players act in the global market.


Acknowledgement • Eda YILMAZTURK YUKSEKDAG – EKSPER Ind.Raw Mater. &

Foreign Trade Ltd. • Dr. Erdem ŞİRELİ – BÖHLER – HARD METALS • Çağrı Gürbüz - Sentes-BIR A.S. • Olgun Tanberk, SINTER-METAL • Artun GÜREL, GUREL MACHINERY • Ahmet Umut SÖYLER, ITU-PML • Prof. Dr. Mehmet TÜRKER, Head of TPMA • Mr. Hüseyin SAVAŞ, Chamber of Metallurgical Engineers • KPMI


www.pmlab.itu.edu.tr

Documents

A Summary of Recent P/M Trends in TurkeyŸ“國粉末冶金會議/Forum...and USA 2000 – 2010 . ... - filler metal in brazing pastes, -thermal spray ... • 70 % Hard Metals ( 85