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‡«™™ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ªï∑’Ë 33 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1, 31 ¡’π“§¡ 2546 15
∫∑§«“¡ª√‘∑—»πå
Abstract
Kampon Kaeoket*
THE USE OF REAL TIME B-MODE ULTRASOUND TO DETECTOVULATION AND PREGNANCY IN SWINE
Real time B-mode ultrasound for ovarian examination in pigs has been used in many experimental
studies. All were aimed at elucidating the relationship between the duration of oestrus, the time of ovulation, the
time of insemination and fertility. This review describes the uses and benefits of real time B-mode ultrasound
for ovulation monitoring and pregnancy diagnosis for fertility control in swine breeding herds. The reliability of
diagnosis is very much dependent on the experience of the investigator and the type of ultrasound machine used.
It is considered that real time B-mode ultrasound is a useful tool for monitoring the ovulation on a given farm and
can be used to establish a farm specific insemination strategy, pregnancy diagnosis and the detection of ovarian
cysts. The availability of an inexpensive, lightweight, portable ultrasound machine will greatly facilitate
reproductive imaging in the female pig and may prove useful in making management decisions, which can be
based on an accurate diagnosis of the reproductive status of the gilt or sow at any point in time.
Keywords : ultrasound, ovulation, pregnancy, swine
Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Nakorn Pathom 73170*Corresponding author
§≥– —µ«·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈ æÿ∑∏¡≥±≈ π§√ª∞¡ 73170*ºŸâ√—∫º‘¥™Õ∫∫∑§«“¡
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°—¡æ≈ ·°â«‡°…
16 Thai J. Vet. Med. Vol. 33 No. 1, 31 March 2003
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
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«‘π‘®©—¬ ∂“π¿“æ∑“ß°“√ ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå¢Õß ÿ°√ “«À√◊Õ ÿ°√π“ß „π√–¬–µà“ßÊ ‡ªìπ‰ªÕ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·≈–∑—π‡«≈“
§” ”§—≠ : Õ—≈µ√“´“«¥å °“√µ°‰¢à °“√µ—Èß∑âÕß ÿ°√
‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å A-mode ·≈–‰¥â‡√‘Ë¡¡’°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥
‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å ∫’-‚¡¥
”À√—∫°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å B-mode
„π°“√µ√«®°“√µ°‰¢à¢Õß ÿ°√„πø“√å¡π—Èπ¬—߉¡à¡’ºŸâ𔉪
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·≈–¬—߉¡à§àÕ¬ –¥«°„π°“√„™âß“π„πø“√å¡ ‡Àµÿº≈∑’Ë ”§—≠
Õ’°ª√–°“√Àπ÷Ëß°Á§◊Õ°“√µ√«®°“√µ°‰¢à„π ÿ°√π—ÈπµâÕß
Õ“»—¬ª√– ∫°“√≥å·≈–§«“¡™”π“≠¢ÕߺŸâµ√«® À“°ºŸâµ√«®
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B-mode ¢ÕߺŸâ‡¢’¬π„π°“√µ√«®°“√µ°‰¢à¢Õß ÿ°√π“ß¡“‡ªìπ
√–¬–‡«≈“ 4 ªï (Kaeoket et al., 2001, 2002a,b) ‡ªìπ√–¬–
‡«≈“ Õß√Õ∫¢Õß«ß®√°“√‡ªìπ —¥¥â«¬°“√µ√«®ºà“π∑“ß
∑«“√Àπ—° ‚¥¬„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥ ‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å B-mode
·≈–À—«µ√«®™π‘¥ annular array sector(Scanner 250, Pie
Medical b.v. Maastricht, The Netherlands) ¥â«¬§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥
5.0 MHz ·≈–°≈à“«∂÷ß°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å
·≈–ª√–‚¬™πå¢Õß°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡
∫∑π”
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„™âµ√«®°“√µ°‰¢à¢Õß ÿ°√‡ªìπ§√—Èß·√° ‚¥¬π—°«‘®—¬™“«‡¬Õ√¡—π
(Weitze et al., 1989) ´÷Ë߉¥â𔇧√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥π’È¡“
µ√«®°“√µ°‰¢à¢Õß ÿ°√ ºà“πºπ—ß∑âÕߥâ“π¢â“ߢÕß≈”µ—«
(transcutaneous sonography) “¡ªïÀ≈—ß®“°π—Èππ—°«‘®—¬™“«¥—∑™å
(Soede et al., 1992) ‰¥âπ”‡∑§π‘§°“√µ√«®√—߉¢à¢Õß ÿ°√
ºà“π∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—° (transrectal sonography) À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ‰¡à
π“π¡’π—°«‘®—¬Õ’°À≈“¬°≈ÿà¡ ‡™àπ Dalin et al. (1995); Mburu
et al. (1995); Nissen et al. (1997) ·≈– Kaeoket et al.
(2002a) ‰¥âπ”‡∑§π‘§°“√µ√«®°“√µ°‰¢à¢Õß ÿ°√ºà“π∑“ß
∑«“√Àπ—°‰ªª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â„πß“π«‘®—¬∑“ߥâ“π°“√ ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå ÿ°√
µ≈Õ¥®π„™â‡æ◊ËÕµ√«®æ¬“∏‘ ¿“æ¢Õß√–∫∫ ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå ÿ°√ ‡™àπ
°“√µ√«® cystic ovary (Botero et al., 1986; Dorka and
Plonait, 1995; Moriyoshi et al., 1996; Knox and Althouse,
1999)
„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡°“√º≈‘µ ÿ°√„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ‰¥â¡’°“√„™â
‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å‡æ◊ËÕµ√«®°“√µ—Èß∑âÕß„π ÿ°√‡ªìπª√–®”Õ¬Ÿà·≈â«
‚¥¬ à«π„À≠à®–„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥ Doppler ·≈–™π‘¥
‡«™™ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ªï∑’Ë 33 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1, 31 ¡’π“§¡ 2546 17
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À—«µ√«® (probe À√◊Õ transducer) ¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å
‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª¡’§√‘ µ—≈ (crystal) Õ¬Ÿà¿“¬„π ÷Ëߧ√‘ µ—≈π’È∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë
„π°“√ —Ëπ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥§≈◊ËπÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥åÕÕ°‰ª¬—ßÕ«—¬«–
‡ªÑ“À¡“¬ ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Á∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπµ—«√—∫§≈◊Ëπ∑’Ë –∑âÕπ
°≈—∫¡“¥â«¬ §√‘ µ—≈¢π“¥„À≠à∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„πÀ—«µ√«®∑’Ë¡’§«“¡∂’Ë 3.5
MHz „Àâ®”π«π§≈◊ËπÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥åµàÕ«‘π“∑’ (§«“¡∂’Ë) µË”°«à“
§√‘ µ—≈¢π“¥‡≈Á° ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„πÀ—«µ√«®∑’Ë¡’§«“¡∂’Ë 5.0 ·≈– 7.5 MHz
¥—ßπ—Èπ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“À—«µ√«®∑’Ë¡’§«“¡∂’Ë 3.5 MHz ®–ª≈àÕ¬§≈◊Ëπ
Õ—≈µ√“´“«¥å∑’Ë¡’§«“¡∂’˵˔°«à“‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫À—«µ√«®
¢π“¥ 5.0 ·≈– 7.5 MHz „π∑“ß∑ƒ…Æ’§≈◊ËπÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å®“°
À—«µ√«®¢π“¥ 3.5 MHz ®–¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√∑–≈ÿºà“π
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‰¥â Ÿß°«à“ ·µà®–„Àâ¿“æ∑’ˉ¡à™—¥‡®π (low resolution)
‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫À—«µ√«®∑’Ë¡’§«“¡∂’Ë ŸßÊ „π∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡
À—«µ√«®∑’Ë¡’§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥ 5.0 ·≈– 7.5 MHz ®–„Àâ¿“æ∑’Ë
™—¥‡®π°«à“ (high resolution) ·µà¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√∑–≈ÿºà“π
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‰¥âπâÕ¬°«à“ °“√‡≈◊Õ°„™âÀ—«µ√«®„Àâ∂Ÿ°µâÕ߇À¡“– ¡
°—∫ß“π∑’Ë®–∑”°“√µ√«®π—Èπ‡ªìπ ‘Ëß®”‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ
∂⓺Ÿâµ√«®µâÕß°“√µ√«®√—߉¢à¢Õß ÿ°√‚¥¬ºà“π∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—°
ºŸâµ√«®§«√‡≈◊Õ°„™âÀ—«µ√«®¢π“¥ 5.0 À√◊Õ 7.5 MHz
‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√µ√«®ºà“π∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—°‰¡àµâÕß°“√À—«µ√«®∑’Ë¡’
§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√∑–≈ÿ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ Ÿß°Á “¡“√∂∑’Ë®–„Àâ¿“æ∑’Ë
™—¥‡®π‰¥â „π∑“ß°≈—∫°—π∂⓺Ÿâµ√«®µâÕß°“√µ√«®√—߉¢àºà“π
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À√◊Õ 5.0 MHz ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√µ√«®·∫∫π’ȵâÕß°“√À—«µ√«®∑’Ë¡’
§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√∑–≈ÿ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‰¥â Ÿß (∑–≈ÿºà“πºπ—ß∑âÕߢÕß
ÿ°√) ¥—ßπ—Èπ∂⓵âÕß°“√‡≈◊Õ°À—«µ√«®∑’Ë “¡“√∂„™â„π°“√µ√«®
√—߉¢à¢Õß ÿ°√ ‰¥â∑—Èß°“√µ√«®ºà“π∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—°·≈–∑“ߺπ—ß
∑âÕߥâ“π¢â“ß≈”µ—« §«√‡≈◊Õ°À—«µ√«®¢π“¥ 5.0 MHz ‡æ√“–
“¡“√∂„Àâ¿“æ∑’Ë™—¥‡®π°—∫°“√µ√«®∑—Èß Õß«‘∏’ ”À√—∫°“√
‡°‘¥¿“æ∫π®Õ¿“æ®–‡ªìπ≈—°…≥– pie shaped image À√◊Õ√Ÿª
’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡º◊πºâ“ (rectangular image) π—Èπ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫™π‘¥¢ÕßÀ—«
µ√«®∑’Ë„™â °≈à“«§◊ÕÀ—«µ√«®™π‘¥ annular sector array ®–„Àâ
¿“æ≈—°…≥– pie shaped image ∫π®Õ¿“æ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) à«π
À—«µ√«®™π‘¥ linear array ®–„Àâ¿“æ≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ√Ÿª ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡
º◊πºâ“∫π®Õ¿“æ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2)
°“√‡°‘¥¿“æøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈∫π®Õ¿“æπ—Èπ “¡“√∂Õ∏‘∫“¬‰¥â
‚¥¬Õ“»—¬‚§√ß √â“ߢÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈‡Õß ‚¥¬ª°µ‘øÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈
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™—ÈππÕ°‡°‘¥®“°°“√‡√’¬ßµ—«¢Õß thecal cells à«πºπ—ß™—Èπ„π
‡°‘¥®“°°“√‡√’¬ßµ—«¢Õß granulosa cells ·≈–¿“¬„πøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈
®–ª√–°Õ∫‰ª¥â«¬ follicular fluid ·≈– oocyte ‡æ√“–
©–π—Èπ¢Õ߇À≈«´÷Ëß¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√¥Ÿ¥§≈◊ËπÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å
‰¥â¥’°«à“°“√ –∑âÕπ°≈—∫„π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà√Õ∫Ê
øÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√ –∑âÕπ°≈—∫§≈◊Ëπ‰¥â¥’°«à“®÷ß
∑”„À⇰‘¥¿“æ¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈‡ªìπ«ß°≈¡ ’¥” (non-echogenic)
≈âÕ¡√Õ∫¥â«¬¢Õ∫ ’¢“« (echogenic) ÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¢Õß
ºπ—ßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈∑—Èß 2 ™—Èπ ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª ‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å “¡“√∂
∑’Ë®–µ√«®æ∫øÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈‰¥âµ—Èß·µàøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈¡’¢π“¥ 2-3 ¡≈.
(antral follicles) ¢÷Èπ‰ª
‡∑§π‘§·≈–«‘∏’°“√µ√«®°“√µ°‰¢à„π ÿ°√
‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª°“√µ√«®°“√µ°‰¢à¢Õß ÿ°√¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß
Õ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å B-mode “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â 2 «‘∏’ §◊Õ
°“√µ√«®ºà“πºπ—ß∑âÕߥâ“π¢â“ߢÕß≈”µ—« ·≈–°“√µ√«®ºà“π
∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—°
°“√µ√«®ºà“π∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—°π—ÈπºŸâµ√«®µâÕß„™â¡◊Õ
°ÿ¡À—«µ√«®æ√âÕ¡°—∫ Õ¥‡¢â“‰ª∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—° ∑—Èßπ’È®–µâÕß
À≈àÕ≈◊ËπÀ—«µ√«®·≈–¡◊Õ¢ÕߺŸâµ√«®¥â«¬ “√À≈àÕ≈◊Ëπ„Àâ‡æ’¬ß
æÕ ∂â“¢π“¥¡◊Õ·≈–·¢π¢ÕߺŸâµ√«®¡’¢π“¥„À≠àÕ“®∑”„À⇰‘¥
Õÿª √√§„π°“√ Õ¥¡◊Õ·≈–À—«µ√«®‡¢â“‰ª„π∑«“√Àπ—°‰¥â
‚¥¬‡©æ“–∂Ⓡªìπ°“√µ√«®°“√µ°‰¢à„π ÿ°√ “« ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
ÿ°√ “«¡’¢π“¥¢Õß™àÕ߇™‘ß°√“π·§∫°«à“ ÿ°√π“ß ®÷ߧ«√
∑”°“√µ√«®ºà“πºπ—ß∑âÕߥâ“π¢â“ߢÕß≈”µ—« ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª°“√µ√«®
°“√µ°‰¢à∑“ߥâ“π¢â“ß≈”µ—« ºŸâµ√«®¡—°®–∑”°“√µ√«®∑“ߥâ“π
¢«“¢Õß≈”µ—« (right abdominal side) ∑—Èßπ’ȇπ◊ËÕß®“°∑“ߥâ“π
´â“¬¢Õß≈”µ—«π—Èπ¡’≈”‰ â„À≠à à«π cecum ∑’Ë∫¥∫—ß¿“æ¢Õß
√—߉¢à∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ∫π®Õ¿“æ¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å
°“√µ√«®√—߉¢àºà“π∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—° “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â‚¥¬≈”¥—∫¢—Èπ
µÕπµàÕ‰ªπ’È
1. ‡µ√’¬¡À—«µ√«®„Àâæ√âÕ¡ ‡√‘Ë¡¥â«¬°“√„ à ultrasound
gel ≈߉ª„ππ‘È«¢Õß∂ÿß¡◊Õµ√«®™π‘¥¬“« ¢π“¥¢Õßπ‘È«§«√‡≈◊Õ°
„Àâ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫¢π“¥¢ÕßÀ—«µ√«® ®“°π—Èπ„ àÀ—«µ√«®≈߉ª
„ππ‘È«¢Õß∂ÿß¡◊Õ∑’Ë¡’ ultrasound gel ∫√√®ÿÕ¬Ÿà·≈â«∑”°“√ºŸ°À—«
µ√«®‚¥¬„™âπ‘È«¢Õß∂ÿß¡◊Õ¬“«∑’ˇÀ≈◊ÕºŸ°„Àâ·πàπªÑÕß°—π°“√
‰À≈¬âÕπ°≈—∫¢Õß ultrasound gel
2. ∑”°“√≈â«ßÕÿ®®“√–ÕÕ°®“°∑«“√Àπ—°„ÀâÀ¡¥
18 Thai J. Vet. Med. Vol. 33 No. 1, 31 March 2003
‡æ◊ËÕ‰¡à„À⇪ìπµ—«¢—¥¢«“ß°“√ àߧ≈◊Ëπ·≈–√—∫§≈◊Ëπ¢ÕßÀ—«µ√«®
·≈–Õ“®®–∑”„Àâ¿“æ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¡à™—¥‡®π °àÕπ≈â«ß‡æ◊ËÕ‡Õ“
Õÿ®®“√–ÕÕ°ºŸâµ√«®§«√ «¡∂ÿß¡◊Õ¬“«·≈–À≈àÕ≈◊Ëπ¥â«¬ “√
À≈àÕ≈◊Ëπ„Àâ‡æ’¬ßæÕ ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥°“√‡ ’¬¥ ’∑’ËÕ“®®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ·≈–
∑”„Àâ‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°µ“¡¡“‰¥â
3. „™â¡◊Õ¢â“ß∑’Ë∂π—¥°ÿ¡À—«µ√«®„π≈—°…≥–§«Ë”¡◊Õ≈ß
‡∑ “√À≈àÕ≈◊Ëπ≈ß∫π¡◊Õ ·¢π ·≈–À—«µ√«®„Àâ‡æ’¬ßæÕ ‡æ◊ËÕ
≈¥°“√‡ ’¬¥ ’¢Õߺπ—ß ”‰ â°—∫·¢π¢ÕߺŸâµ√«®
4. Õ¥À—«µ√«®·≈–¡◊Õ‡¢â“‰ª„π∑«“√Àπ—°„π∑‘»∑“ß
µ√߉ª¢â“ßÀπâ“ „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—πºŸâµ√«®µâÕߥŸ®Õ¿“扪¥â«¬
®–∑”„Àâ∑√“∫«à“µÕππ’ȺŸâµ√«® Õ¥¡◊Õ·≈–À—«µ√«®‡¢â“‰ª≈÷°
‡æ’¬ß„¥ ∑—Èßπ’ȧ«√«“ßÀ—«µ√«®„Àâ·π∫™‘¥°—∫ºπ—ߢÕß≈”‰ â„Àâ
‰¥â¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ‰¡à„À⇰‘¥™àÕß«à“ߢ÷Èπ ·≈–Õ“®®–∑”„Àâ¿“æ∑’Ë
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¡à™—¥‡®π „π∑“ߪؑ∫—µ‘ºŸâµ√«®§«√ Õ¥À—«µ√«®·≈–
¡◊Õ‡¢â“‰ª®π “¡“√∂¡Õ߇ÀÁπ°√–‡æ“–ªí “«– (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 A, UB
= °√–‡æ“–ªí “«–) ÷Ëß¡’πÈ”ªí “«–Õ¬Ÿà¢â“ß„π ¿“æ∑’ˇÀÁπ
∫π®Õ¿“æ®–‡ªìπ ’¥” ¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π®–¡Õ߇ÀÁπºπ—ߢÕß
°√–‡æ“–ªí “«–‡ªìπ ’¢“« ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π
°“√ –∑âÕπ§≈◊ËπÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å‰¥â¥’°«à“¢Õ߇À≈«
5. À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë¡Õ߇ÀÁπ°√–‡æ“–ªí “«–·≈â« „π∫“ß
§√—ÈߺŸâµ√«®Õ“®¡Õ߇ÀÁπ√—߉¢à¢Õß ÿ°√‰¥âæ√âÕ¡°—π·µà∂â“
ºŸâµ√«®¡Õ߇ÀÁπ·µà°√–‡æ“–ªí “«–Õ¬à“߇¥’¬« ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¿“æ
’¥”∫π®Õ¿“æ ®“°ª√– ∫°“√≥å¢ÕߺŸâ‡¢’¬π„À⺟âµ√«®∑”°“√
∫‘¥¡◊Õ‰ª∑“ß â“¬À√◊Õ∑“ߢ«“ª√–¡“≥ 45 Õß»“ ®“°‡ âπ°≈“ß
≈”µ—«¢Õß ÿ°√°Á®–∑”„Àâ¡Õ߇ÀÁπ√—߉¢à∑—Èß Õߢâ“ߢÕß ÿ°√‰¥â
·µà∂â“¿“æ¢Õß√—߉¢à¬—߉¡à™—¥‡®π „À⺟âµ√«®∫‘¥À—«µ√«®‰ª∑“ß
´â“¬À√◊Õ¢«“™â“Ê °ÁÕ“®∑”„Àâ¿“æ∑’˪√“°Ø∫π®Õ¿“æ™—¥‡®π¢÷Èπ
6. ¢≥–∑”°“√µ√«®√—߉¢à∂â“ ÿ°√¥‘Èπ À√◊Õ‡°‘¥°“√∫’∫
µ—«¢Õß≈”‰ â„À≠à à«πª≈“¬ (rectum) „À⺟âµ√«®«“ß¡◊Õ·≈–
À—«µ√«®π‘ËßÊ∫πºπ—ß≈”‰ â Õ¬à“欓¬“¡ÕÕ°·√ßµâ“π°“√∫’∫
µ—«¢Õß≈”‰ â ‡æ√“–Õ“®∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√‡ ’¬¥ ’®π‡≈◊Õ¥ÕÕ°®“°
ºπ—ߢÕß≈”‰ ≥â À≈—ß®“°µ√«®‡ √Á®·≈â«„Àâ¥÷ß¡◊Õ·≈–À—«
µ√«®ÕÕ°¡“™â“Ê ®“°π—Èπ„Àâ∑”§«“¡ –Õ“¥∫√‘‡«≥∫—Èπ∑⓬
¢Õß ÿ°√¥â«¬°√–¥“…™”√– À√◊Õ≈â“ߥ⫬πÈ” –Õ“¥
¢π“¥¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈∑’˪√“°Ø∫π®Õ¿“æ¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕß
Õ—≈µ√“´“«¥åπ—Èπ·µ°µà“ß°—π‰ª ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫«à“ºŸâµ√«®°”≈—ß
µ√«®√—߉¢à¢Õß ÿ°√„π√–¬–„¥¢Õß«ß√Õ∫°“√‡ªìπ —¥ ®“°
ª√– ∫°“√≥å¢ÕߺŸâ‡¢’¬π„π°“√µ√«® ÿ°√π“ßπ—Èπ ºŸâ‡¢’¬π‰¥â
‡√‘Ë¡µ√«®√—߉¢à¢Õß ÿ°√π“ßµ—Èß·µà«—π∑’Ë 2 À≈—ß®“°À¬à“π¡ («—π
∑’ËÀ¬à“π¡ = «—π∑’Ë 0) ¢π“¥¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈„π√–¬–π’È®–¡’¢π“¥
‡ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߪ√–¡“≥ 3-5 ¡≈. ·≈–‚µ¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«
‡¡◊ËÕ‡¢â“ Ÿà√–¬– pro-oestrus ®π¡’¢π“¥ª√–¡“≥ 7-8 ¡≈. (√Ÿª
∑’Ë 1A) ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ ÿ°√‡¢â“ Ÿà√–¬–°“√‡ªìπ —¥ (oestrus) ¡’¢π“¥
ª√–¡“≥ 9-10 ¡≈. (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1B)
°“√µ√«®°“√µ°‰¢àπ—Èπ§«√‡√‘Ë¡µ√«®µ—È ß·µà√–¬–
pro-oestrus ‚¥¬Õ“®µ√«®«—π≈–§√—Èß ‡æ◊ËÕ¥Ÿ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈ ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√ √â“ߧ«“¡§ÿâπ‡§¬„Àâ°—∫ ÿ°√
„π°“√∂Ÿ°µ√«®¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥åºà“π∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—° ·µà
À≈—ß®“° ÿ°√¬◊ππ‘Ëß (standing oestrus) §«√‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡∂’Ë¢Õß
°“√µ√«®‡ªìπ∑ÿ°Ê 4 6 À√◊Õ 8 ™¡. ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§«“¡ –¥«°
§«“¡∂Ÿ°µâÕß ·≈–§«“¡·¡àπ¬”∑’˺Ÿâµ√«®µâÕß°“√ ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª
°“√∑’˺Ÿâµ√«®®–√“¬ß“πº≈°“√µ√«®«à“‡°‘¥°“√µ°‰¢àÀ√◊Õ‰¡à
π—Èπ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â‚¥¬°“√µ√«®√—߉¢àµ‘¥µàÕ°—πÀ≈“¬Ê §√—Èß
µ—«Õ¬à“߇™àπ „π°“√µ√«®°“√µ°‰¢àµ‘¥µàÕ°—π∑ÿ° 4 ™¡. ¡¡ÿµ‘
«à“ºŸâµ√«® ∑”°“√µ√«®∑’ˇ«≈“ 20.00 π. ≥ ‡«≈“π’È ºŸâµ√«®¬—ß
“¡“√∂‡ÀÁπøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈∫π√—߉¢à‰¥â·µà‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√µ√«®À≈—ß
®“°π—ÈπÕ’° 4 ™¡. ≥ ‡«≈“ 24.00 π. ºŸâµ√«®‰¡à “¡“√∂¡Õß
‡ÀÁπøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇ§¬‡ÀÁπ ≥ ‡«≈“ 20.00 π. (¢π“¥¢Õß
øÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°≈ߧ√÷ËßÀπ÷ËߢÕß∑’ˇ§¬‡ÀÁπ§√—Èß ÿ¥∑⓬
À√◊ÕøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈À“¬‰ª‰¡à “¡“√∂µ√«®æ∫‰¥â) π—ËπÀ¡“¬§«“¡
«à“‰¥â‡°‘¥°“√µ°‰¢à ≥ ‡«≈“ 22.00 π. §◊Õ√–¬–‡«≈“§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß
√–À«à“ß°“√µ√«®æ∫øÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈§√—Èß ÿ¥∑⓬°—∫‡«≈“∑’ˉ¡à
“¡“√∂¡Õ߇ÀÁπøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈‰¥â ¥—ßπ—Èπ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“§«“¡∂Ÿ°µâÕß
·¡à𬔮–¡’¡“°·§à‰Àπ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§«“¡∂’Ë„π°“√µ√«®Õ—≈µ√“´“«¥å
‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√µ°‰¢à¢Õß ÿ°√µ—Èß·µà„∫·√°®π∂÷ß
„∫ ÿ¥∑⓬®–„™â‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥ 1-3 ™¡. (Soede et al., 1992;
Mburu et al., 1995) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°øÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈·µà≈–„∫∫π√—߉¢à
‡°‘¥°“√µ°‰¢à‰¡àæ√âÕ¡°—π
®“°ª√– ∫°“√≥å¢ÕߺŸâ ‡¢’¬π‡Õß ·≈–®“°°“√‰¥â
Õ¿‘ª√“¬°—∫ º».π. æ.¥√. «‘™—¬ ∑—πµ»ÿ¿“√—°…å ·≈– Õ.π. æ.¥√.
‡º¥Á® ∏√√¡√—°…å ∂÷ß≈—°…≥–¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈∫π®Õ¿“æ¢Õß
‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å ‚¥¬°àÕπ°“√µ°‰¢àª√–¡“≥ 2-4 ™¡.
¿“æ¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈∑’ˇÀÁπ∫π®Õ¿“æ®–¡’¢Õ∫ ’¢“«¢÷Èπ¡“°°«à“
ª°µ‘ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1C 1D ·≈– 1E) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
¢Õߺπ—ßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈°àÕπ°“√µ°‰¢à ∑”„Àâ¢Õ∫¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈
Àπ“¢÷Èπ¡Õ߇ÀÁπ‡ªìπ ’¢“«À√◊Õ ’‡∑“∫π®Õ¿“æ À≈—ß®“°‡°‘¥
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߥ—ß°≈à“«·≈â« ¢π“¥¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈≈¥≈ß®“°
9-10 ¡≈. ®π∂÷ß 5 ¡≈. À√◊ÕÕ“®‡≈Á°≈ß®π‰¡à “¡“√∂¡Õ߇ÀÁπ
‡¡◊ËÕ°“√µ°‰¢à‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‚¥¬ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1F 1G ·≈– 2F)
à«π≈—°…≥–¢Õß cystic ovary ∫π®Õ¿“æπ—Èπ ºŸâµ√«®®–‡ÀÁπ
‡«™™ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ªï∑’Ë 33 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1, 31 ¡’π“§¡ 2546 19
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 · ¥ß¿“æ¢Õß√—߉¢à ÿ°√ ≥ √–¬–‡«≈“µà“ßÊ °—π ´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å·∫∫‡√’¬∫‰∑¡å ∫’-‚¡¥ ‚¥¬„™âÀ—«µ√«®™π‘¥ annular array sector (Scanner 250, Pie Medical b.v. Maastricht, The Netherlands) ·≈–§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥5.0 MHz ∑”°“√µ√«®ºà“π∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—° (UB = °√–‡æ“–ªí “«– ·≈–≈Ÿ°»√ ’¥”· ¥ß¿“æ¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈À≈—ß®“°‡°‘¥°“√µ°‰¢à)
20 Thai J. Vet. Med. Vol. 33 No. 1, 31 March 2003
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 · ¥ß¿“æ¢Õß√—߉¢à ÿ°√ ≥ √–¬–‡«≈“µà“ßÊ °—π´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å·∫∫‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å∫’-‚¡¥ ‚¥¬„™âÀ—«µ√«®™π‘¥ linear array (AlokaSSD-210DXII, Aloka Co.Ltd., Japan) ·≈–§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥ 7.5 MHz ∑”°“√µ√«®ºà“π∑“ß∑«“√Àπ—°(≈Ÿ°»√ ’¥”· ¥ß¿“æ¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈À≈—ß®“°‡°‘¥°“√µ°‰¢à)
«à“¢π“¥¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈¡’¢π“¥„À≠à°«à“ª°µ‘ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1H) ‚¥¬¡’
¢π“¥¢Õ߇ âπºà“»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß„À≠à°«à“ 11 ¡≈.(Miller, 1984;
Keenan, 1985; McEntee, 1990) πÕ°®“°°“√„™â annular
sector probe ¬—ß “¡“√∂„™â À—«µ√«®™π‘¥ linear array ¥â«¬
§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥ 7.5 MHz µ√«®√—߉¢à¢Õß ÿ°√Õ’°¥â«¬ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2)
°“√„™â linear probe µ√«®√—߉¢à„π ÿ°√π—Èπ ºŸâµ√«®
®–µâÕß欓¬“¡ Õ¥À—«µ√«®„À⇢Ⓞ°≈â√—߉¢à∑—Èß Õߢâ“ß„À≥â
¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥⿓æ∑’Ë™—¥‡®π ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ªÀ—«µ√«®™π‘¥π’Èπ‘¬¡
„™â‡æ◊ËÕµ√«®√—߉¢à¢Õß‚§·≈–¡â“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°„π‚§·≈–¡â“ºŸâµ√«®
“¡“√∂À“µ”·ÀπàߢÕß√—߉¢à‰¥âßà“¬°«à“ ·≈– “¡“√∂«“ßÀ—«
µ√«®‰ª∫π√—߉¢à‰¥â ´÷Ëß°“√∑”·∫∫π’È®–„Àâ¿“æ¢Õß√—߉¢à∑’Ë
™—¥‡®π °“√∑’˺Ÿâµ√«®µâÕß«“ßÀ—«µ√«®„À♑¥°—∫√—߉¢àπ—Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
§≈◊Ëπ∑’ËÕÕ° ®“° annular sector probe ·≈– linear probe ¡’
√—»¡’¢Õߧ≈◊ËπÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥åµà“ß°—π °≈à“«§◊Õ§≈◊ËπÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å
®“° annular sector array ®–·æ√àÕÕ°‰ª‰¥â°«â“ß°«à“ ·≈–
· ¥ß¿“æ¢Õß√—߉¢à∫πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë√Ÿª pie shape ∫π®Õ¿“æ ¥—ßπ—Èπ
®÷߉¡à®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë®–µâÕß«“ßÀ—«µ√«®™π‘¥ annular sector array
„À♑¥°—∫√—߉¢à‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫À—«µ√«®™π‘¥ linear array ¿“æ
µ—«Õ¬à“ß®“°°“√µ√«®√—߉¢à¢Õß ÿ°√π“ß‚¥¬„™â À—«µ√«®™π‘¥
linear array ‰¥â· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ‚¥¬À—«µ√«®™π‘¥π’È®–
· ¥ß¿“æ¢Õß√—߉¢à∫πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë√Ÿª ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡º◊πºâ“ (rectangular)
∫π®Õ¿“æ
°“√·¬°¿“æ¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥°—∫¿“æøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈ —߇°µ®“°
1. ¿“æ¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ∫π®Õ¿“æ®–‡ªìπ
¿“懥’ˬ«Ê „π¢≥–∑’Ë¿“æ¢ÕßøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈®–¡Õ߇ÀÁπ‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡
(√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ·≈– 2)
2. „Àâ∑¥≈Õß∫‘¥À—«µ√«®‰ª∑“ߴ⓬À√◊Õ∑“ߢ«“‡≈Á°
πâÕ¬ ∂â“¿“æ∑’ˇÀÁπµÕπ·√°À“¬‰ª À√◊Õ°≈“¬‡ªìπ¿“æ∑’ˉ¡à
™—¥‡®π (moving picture À√◊Õ blurred) · ¥ß«à“¿“æπ—Èπ‡ªìπ
¿“æ¢ÕßÀ≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ·µà∂â“¿“æπ—Èπ‡ªìπøÕ≈≈‘‡§‘≈®–∑”„Àâ¡Õß
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∑âÕߢÕß ÿ°√
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‰¥â¡’ºŸâ‡√‘Ë¡„™â°—πµ—Èß·µàµâπ∑»«√√…∑’Ë 19 (Inaba et al., 1983;
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µ√«®°“√µ—Èß∑âÕß„π ÿ°√‚¥¬„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥π’È ∑”
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‰ªÀ≈—ߺ ¡ (Knox and Althouse, 1999) ·≈–Õ“®®–¡’¢π“¥
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ª√–¡“≥ 31 ¡≈. ‡¡◊ËÕµ—Èß∑âÕ߉¥â 24 «—π (de Rensis et al.,
2000) ”À√—∫§—æ¿–¢Õß ÿ°√π—Èπ “¡“√∂¡Õ߇ÀÁπ‰¥âµ—Èß·µà
Õ“¬ÿª√–¡“≥ 25 «—π ¢Õß°“√µ—Èß∑âÕß¿“æ∑’ˇÀÁπ®–¡’≈—°…≥–
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(Meredith, 1990; Martinez et al., 1992)
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22 Thai J. Vet. Med. Vol. 33 No. 1, 31 March 2003
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50 ¡≈. ‡¡◊ËÕ ÿ°√µ—Èß∑âÕ߉¥âª√–¡“≥ 40 «—π (Kähn, 1994)
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·æ∑¬å®–∑”°“√µ√«®«—¥§«“¡¬“«¢Õß°√–¥Ÿ° 4 µ”·Àπàߥ⫬
°—π §◊Õ crown-rump length (CRL), femur length (FL), body
diameter (BD) ·≈– biparietal diameter (BPD) ¢Õß
°–‚À≈°»’√…– À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ®–π”§à“∑’ˉ¥â‰ª§”π«≥‚¥¬„™â
‚ª√·°√¡§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ‡æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë®–°”À𥫗π§≈Õ¥„Àâ°—∫ µ√’∑’Ë
µ—Èߧ√√¿å (Geirsson, 1997)
∫∑ √ÿª
°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å™π‘¥‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å ∫’-‚¡¥ ‡¢â“¡“
™à«¬„π°“√®—¥°“√∑“ß°“√ ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå¢Õß ÿ°√„πø“√å¡π—Èπ ®–°àÕ
„À⇰‘¥ª√–‚¬™πåÀ≈“¬Õ¬à“ߥ⫬°—π °≈à“«§◊Õ
1. ºŸâº≈‘µ ÿ°√®–∑√“∫∂÷ߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡«≈“„π
°“√µ°‰¢à¢Õß ÿ°√„πø“√å¡ ·≈– “¡“√∂π”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈π’ȉª„™â„π
°“√®—¥°“√∑“ߥâ“π°“√º ¡æ—π∏ÿå
2. ºŸâº≈‘µ ÿ°√ “¡“√∂µ√«®°“√µ—Èß∑âÕߢÕß ÿ°√‰¥â
‡√Á«·≈–·¡à𬔰«à“«‘∏’Õ◊ËπÊ ·≈–ª√–À¬—¥·√ßß“π „π°“√µ√«®
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‰¥â∑—π∑à«ß∑’ ‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√«“ß·ºπ°“√√—°…“ À√◊Õ
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√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 · ¥ß¿“æ¢Õß∑“√°„π§√√¿å ´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕßÕ—≈µ√“´“«¥å·∫∫‡√’¬≈‰∑¡å ∫’-‚¡¥ ‚¥¬„™âÀ—«µ√«®™π‘¥ convex
·≈–§«“¡∂’Ë¢π“¥ 4 MHz ∑”°“√µ√«®ºà“πºπ—ßÀπâ“∑âÕߢÕß µ√’∑’˵—Èߧ√√¿å
‡«™™ “√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ªï∑’Ë 33 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1, 31 ¡’π“§¡ 2546 23
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
Botero, O., Martinat-Botté, F. and Bariteau, F. 1986. Use
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pregnancy and some pathological conditions.
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Dalin, A.-M., Nanda, T., Hultën, F. and Einarsson, E. 1995.
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De Rensis, F., Bigliardi, E., Parmigiani, E. and Peter,
A.R. 2000. Early diagnosis of pregnancy in sows
by ultrasound evaluation of embryo development
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Dorka, A. and Plonait, H. 1995. Results of continuous
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sonography and serum-hormone-analysis. Dtsch.
Tieräztl. Wschr. 102: 16-21.
Geirsson, R.T. 1997. Ultrasound: the rational way to
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Kaeoket, K., Persson, E. and Dalin, A.-M. 2002b.
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insemination in relation to time of ovulation on
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