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¡ß§≈ ·´àÀ≈‘¡1 ·≈– ¡ªÕß ‡µ™–‚µ

2

AbstractLim, M.1 and Te-chato, S.2

The influence of some citrus rootstock species on yield, fruit quality and

compatible characteristics of Necked orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv.

Necked Orange) and shogun (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Shogun)Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2006, 28(3) : 515-530

The influence of some citrus rootstock species on yield, fruit quality and compatible characteristics

of Necked orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Necked orange) and Shogun (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv.

Shogun) was investigated at the Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla

University during January, 2003 to October, 2004. Eighty-eight of three-year-old Necked orange and Shogun

grafted onto 11 species of citrus rootstocks were raised in 35 litre pot. Complete randomized factorial design

was used for evaluating the two factors, scions and rootstocks. The vegetative growth: upper and lower of

trunk diameter, tree height, canopy volume and leaf area; the foliar nutrient: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P),

potassium (K), total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) and C/N ratio; flowering; fruit-set and fruit

qualities were determined and analysed. Furthermore, the graft compatibility between stock and scion was

also evaluated by the esterase isozymes technique. It was found that Necked orange grafted onto most of the

rootstocks showed higher range of upper and lower trunk diameter and leaf area than that of Shogun. Both

π‘æπ∏åµâπ©∫—∫

Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla

90112 Thailand.

1M.S.(Horticulture), √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å

2Ph.D.(Cell Technology), √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å ¿“§«‘™“æ◊™»“ µ√å §≥–∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘

¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å Õ”‡¿ÕÀ“¥„À≠à ®—ßÀ«—¥ ß¢≈“ 90112

Corresponding e-mail: [email protected]

√—∫µâπ©∫—∫ 12 °—π¬“¬π 2548 √—∫≈ßæ‘¡æå 29 æƒ»®‘°“¬π 2548

Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol.

Vol.28 No.3 May - Jun. 2006 516

Influence of some citrus rootstock species of Necked orange & Shogun

Lim, M. and Te-chato, S.

of the scions on rough lemon and volkamer lemon gave higher vegetative growth characteristics than on the

other roostock species. Necked orange grafted onto Cleopatra mandarin, Swingle citrumelo, Volkamer lemon

and Mawo rootstock had 5 times the flowering and fruit-set while Shogun grafted on Troyer citrange had 7

times the flowering and fruit-set. There was no significant difference on the foliar nutrient between scions

and rootstocks except the foliar TNC of necked orange and Shogun on Manaao-khwaai (34.86%). Necked

orange and Shogun grafted on Troyer citrange gave the highest number of fruits/tree (20.6 and 31.6 fruits/

tree) and fruit weight/tree (3,906 g/tree and 5,114 g/tree respectively). Necked orange grafted onto Rough

lemon showed the highest rind thickness (0.559 cm) while Shogun grafted onto Cleopatra mandarin showed

0.275 cm rind thickness. Necked orange grafted on Troyer citrange and Mawo and Shogun grafted on Troyer

citrange and Volkamer lemon gave the highest TSS: TA ratio. The esterase enzyme pattern of necked orange

grafted on Manaao-khwaai was changed and most of the rootstock species affected the esterase enzyme

activities of Shogun.

Key words : necked orange, shogun, rootstock evaluation, yield, fruit quality

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»÷°…“≈—°…≥–º≈º≈‘µ¢Õß‡°√Áøø√ÿâµ (Citrus paradisi

Macf.) “¬æ—π∏ÿå Redblush ∫πµâπµÕ â¡ 12 ™π‘¥ ∑’Ëª≈Ÿ°∑“ßµÕπ„µâ¢Õß√—∞Õ–√‘‚´π“ ª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“

æ∫«à“ µâπ â¡„π°≈ÿà¡‡°√Áøø√ÿâµ∑’ËµàÕ∫πµâπµÕ «’∑‰≈¡å ·≈–µâπµÕ‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ „Àâº≈º≈‘µ – ¡µàÕµâπ Ÿß·≈–¡’º≈¢π“¥‡≈Á° à«πµâπ∑’ËµàÕ∫πµâπµÕ§≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π·≈–µâπµÕ‰∑«“π‘°“ „Àâº≈º≈‘µµË” ÿ¥ „πªï∑’Ë 9 µâπ∑’ËµàÕ∫πµâπµÕ´“‡«® „Àâº≈º≈‘µπâÕ¬·µàº≈º≈‘µ¡’ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß·¢Áß∑’Ë≈–≈“¬πÈ”‰¥â (total soluble solid : TSS) Ÿß ÿ¥ µâπ∑’ËµàÕ∫πµâπµÕ§“√‘‚´´‘·µ√ß®å·≈–µâπµÕ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å ¡’¢π“¥≈”µâπ„À≠à∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·≈–µâπ∑’ËµàÕ∫πµâπµÕ «‘ß‡°‘≈ ‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈¡’‡ªÕ√å‡´Áπµå°√¥ Ÿß Georgiou (2000) ∑¥ Õ∫Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßµâπµÕ â¡ 11 ™π‘¥ ∑’Ë¡’µàÕ§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ¢Õß â¡·¡π¥“√‘π “¬æ—π∏ÿå Nova „πª√–‡∑»‰´ª√— æ∫«à“µâπ â¡∑’ËµàÕ∫πµâπµÕª“‡≈ ‰µπå «’∑‰≈¡å „Àâº≈º≈‘µ – ¡ Ÿß ÿ¥·≈–°“√∑¥≈Õß¢Õß Wright ·≈– Pena (1999) „™âµâπµÕ «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ §“√‘‚´à´‘·µ√ß®å √—ø‡≈¡Õπ ‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ ·≈– Citrus macrophylla ∑”‡ªìπµâπµÕ¢Õß¡–π“«Ω√—Ëßæ—π∏ÿå Lisbon Limoeira 8A ª√“°Øº≈«à“µâπµÕ «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ ·≈–§“√‘‚´à´‘·µ√ß®å ∑”„Àâ¡–π“«≈‘ ∫Õπ¡’¢π“¥º≈‡≈Á°≈ß ·≈–≈¥§«“¡·¢Áß·√ß¢Õß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ à«πÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ¢π“¥µâπ æ∫«à“µâπµÕ´“«√åÕÕ‡√π®å √—ø‡≈¡Õπ ·≈–æ“‡≈ ‰∑πå «’∑‰≈¡å àßº≈„Àâ¢π“¥µâπ à«π∫π‚µ∑’Ë ÿ¥ „π¢≥–∑’ËµâπµÕ¬Ÿ¡“·≈–§“√‘‚´´‘·µ√ß®å àßº≈„Àâ¢π“¥≈”µâπ‡≈Á°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·≈–¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ ‚¥¬∑’ËµâπµÕ§“√‘‚´´‘·µ√ß®å·≈–‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ „Àâ¢π“¥º≈πÈ”Àπ—°º≈ ª√‘¡“≥πÈ” â¡ §«“¡À«“π ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥°√¥ Ÿß ÿ¥ „π â¡µ√“ (Citrus sinensis Osb.) ∫πµâπµÕ¡–¢«‘¥(Feronia limonia (L) Swing) ¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈∑”„Àâ â¡µ√“‡µ’È¬·§√–·≈–ÕÕ°¥Õ°µ‘¥º≈‡√Á«¢÷Èπ (‰æ‚√®πå, 2516) °“√π”‡¢â“µâπµÕ®“°µà“ßª√–‡∑» ‡™àπ ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å·≈– «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ ¡“„™â°—∫æ—π∏ÿå â¡∑’Ëª≈Ÿ°‡ªìπ°“√§â“„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ àßº≈„ÀâµâπµÕ·≈–°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’¡’°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‰¡à‡∑à“°—π ‡°‘¥‚√§‡∑â“™â“ß ∑√ßæÿà¡°√–∑—¥√—¥ ·≈–·∫°√—∫πÈ”Àπ—°º≈º≈‘µ‰¥â¥’ (‡§À°“√‡°…µ√, 2543 Õâ“ß‚¥¬ ¡ß§≈·≈– ¡ªÕß, 2545¢)

°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåª√‘¡“≥·√à∏“µÿÕ“À“√·≈–‚ª√¥—§(products) µà“ßÊ ‡™àπ ‚ª√µ’π °√¥Õ–¡‘‚π ∑’Ë¡’°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ¬â“¬√–À«à“ß à«π¢ÕßµâπµÕ°—∫°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’¡“„™âµ√«® Õ∫§«“¡‡¢â“°—π‰¥â·≈–§«“¡‡¢â“°—π‰¡à‰¥â¢ÕßµâπµÕ·≈–°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’‰¥â Moreno ·≈–§≥– (1994) «—¥ª√‘¡“≥‰π‚µ√‡®π


Vol.28 No.3 May - Jun. 2006 518



·≈–°√¥Õ–¡‘‚πÕ‘ √– ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë≈–≈“¬πÈ”‰¥â„π∑âÕ∑’ËµàÕ°‘Ëß∫πæ≈—¡ 2 “¬æ—π∏ÿå (P18 ·≈– P2032)

æ∫«à“°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’„π “¬æ—π∏ÿå∑’Ë· ¥ßÕ“°“√‡¢â“°—π‰¡à‰¥â¡’ª√‘¡“≥‰π‚µ√‡®π·≈–‚ª√¥—§¥—ß°≈à“«≈¥≈ß„π√–¬–‡«≈“ 3

‡¥◊Õπ À≈—ß°“√µàÕ°‘Ëß‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’¢Õß “¬æ—π∏ÿåª°µ‘∑’Ë‡¢â“°—π‰¥â

°“√„™â‡∑§π‘§∑“ß™’«‡§¡’ ‡™àπ °“√µ√«® Õ∫‰Õ‚´-‰´¡å ‡ªìπ«‘∏’Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë “¡“√∂„™â»÷°…“§«“¡‡¢â“°—π‰¥â¢Õß√Õ¬µàÕÀ√◊ÕÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßµâπµÕµàÕ°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ ´÷Ëß«‘∏’°“√π’È¡’√“¬ß“π„π°“√µàÕ°‘Ëßæ√‘° Capsicum ∫πµâπµÕ¡–‡¢◊Õ‡∑»Lycopersicum (Deloire and Hebant, 1982) ·≈–¬—ßÕ“®µ√«® Õ∫Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßµâπµÕµàÕ°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’‰¥â ¡“≈’ (2541)

»÷°…“Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßµâπµÕæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß∫“ßæ—π∏ÿå ‰¥â·°à â¡‚Õø√’¡Õßµå â¡´à“ ¡–°√Ÿ¥ â¡‡¢’¬«À«“π ¡– —ß ·≈–¡–¢«‘¥µàÕ â¡‚™°ÿπ æ∫«à“ √–∫∫‡Õπ‰´¡å‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°´‘‡¥ “¡“√∂µ√«® Õ∫§«“¡‡¢â“°—π‰¥â¢ÕßµâπµÕ·≈–°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’„π√–¬–‡√‘Ë¡µâπ‰¥â ÿ∏’√“ (2542) „™â√–∫∫‡Õπ‰´¡å‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ „π°“√µ√«® Õ∫º≈°“√µàÕ°‘Ë ß â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ â¡‚Õ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å ·≈– «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ ∑’ËÕ“¬ÿ 8, 16 ·≈–24 —ª¥“ÀåÀ≈—ß°“√µàÕ°‘Ëß ‰¥âº≈™—¥‡®π

®“°º≈°“√«‘®—¬¥—ß°≈à“« · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ßÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßµâπµÕ∑’Ë¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ¢Õß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ ª√–°Õ∫°—∫¡’°“√‡æ‘Ë¡æ◊Èπ∑’Ëª≈Ÿ° â¡¡“°¢÷Èπ„π∑»«√√…∑’Ëºà“π¡“ ¡’‡°…µ√°√ºŸâª≈Ÿ° â¡·≈–Àπà«¬ß“π¢Õß√—∞∑’Ë‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕßπ”‡¢â“µâπµÕ∑’Ë„™â‰¥â¥’°—∫ â¡æ—π∏ÿåµà“ßª√–‡∑»‡æ◊ËÕ„™â°—∫ â¡‚™°ÿπ ß“π∑¥≈Õß§√—Èßπ’È®÷ß¡’«—µ∂ÿ-ª√– ß§å‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßµâπµÕµàÕ°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ ‚¥¬°“√ª√–‡¡‘π®“°≈—°…≥–∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“ ª√‘¡“≥ ·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ„π â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ

«— ¥ÿÕÿª°√≥å·≈–«‘∏’°“√

§—¥‡≈◊Õ°µâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ ·≈– â¡®ÿ°∑’Ë‡ ’¬∫°‘Ëß∫πµâπµÕ11 ™π‘¥§◊Õ â¡´à“ (Citrus medica L var. limettta) ¡–ß—Ë«(Citrus latipes Swing) ¡–π“«§«“¬ (Citrus medica

Linn.; Manaao khwaai) â¡®—π°√– (Citrus hystrix

DC; Chan-kra) â¡‚Õ (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck;

Pummelo) «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus

trifoliata L. Raf.: Swingle citrumelo) ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å ‘·µ√ß®å(Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck x Poncirus trifoliata L.

Raf.; Troyer citrange) §≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π (Citrus

reticulata L.) √—ø‡≈¡Õπ (Citrus jambhiri Lush.)

‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ (Citrus volkamariana; Volkamer

lemon) ·≈–§“√‘‚´à´‘·µ√ß®å (Carrizo citrange) ¢π“¥Õ“¬ÿ 3 ªï ®”π«π 88 µâπ ª≈Ÿ°„π°√–∂“ß‡§≈◊Õ∫¢π“¥ 35

≈‘µ√ ¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“‚¥¬ „ÀâπÈ”«—π≈– 1 §√—Èß ·≈–„ àªÿÜ¬ Ÿµ√ 15-

15-15 ∑ÿ° 3 ‡¥◊Õπ «“ß·ºπ°“√∑¥≈Õß·∫∫·ø°∑Õ‡√’¬≈®—¥∑√’µ‡¡πµå·∫∫ ÿà¡µ≈Õ¥ (CRD) ¡’ 2 ªí®®—¬§◊Õ °‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ ‰¥â·°à â¡®ÿ° °—∫ â¡‚™°ÿπ ·≈–™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕ ·≈–∑”°“√ª√–‡¡‘πº≈¥—ßπ’È 1) §«“¡·¢Áß·√ß¢Õß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ ‚¥¬«—¥®“°°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“·≈–°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’À≈—ß°“√‡ ’¬∫°‘Ëß ‰¥â·°à ¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß≈”µâπ‡Àπ◊Õ·≈–„µâ√Õ¬µàÕ ·≈– —¥ à«π¢Õß¢π“¥≈”µâπ¢Õß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’°—∫µâπµÕ ®”π«π„∫‡æ◊ËÕ§”π«≥À“æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„∫®“° Ÿµ√ Y = 7.7564X - 8.8374 ‚¥¬„Àâ Y = §à“æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„∫(µ√.´¡.) X = §«“¡°«â“ß„∫ (´¡.) (≈—°¢≥“, 2547)

¢π“¥∑√ßæÿà¡ ·≈–ª√‘¡“µ√∑√ßæÿà¡ 2) °“√∑¥ Õ∫‚¥¬À“ª√‘¡“≥·√à∏“µÿÕ“À“√À≈—° (macro element) ‚¥¬‡°Á∫„∫ â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ·µà≈–™π‘¥ ®”π«π 20 „∫/µâπÕ∫·Àâß∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë 65ºC ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 48 ™¡. π”¡“∫¥≈–‡Õ’¬¥·≈–«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥§“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√µ∑’Ë‰¡à„™à‚§√ß √â“ß À√◊Õ TNC (total non-structural carbo-

hydrate) ‰π‚µ√‡®π øÕ øÕ√— ·≈–‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡ µ“¡«‘∏’°“√¢Õß ®”‡ªìπ (2545) ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™â·≈–°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß∏“µÿÕ“À“√À≈—° ™à«ß‡«≈“ÕÕ°¥Õ° ·≈–µ‘¥º≈ 3) °“√ª√–‡¡‘πª√‘¡“≥·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ ‰¥â·°à°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°·≈–µ‘¥º≈ ‡ªÕ√å‡´Áπµå°“√µ‘¥º≈§”π«≥ ®“°®”π«πº≈µ‘¥/®”π«π¥Õ°∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’Ëπ—∫‰¥â (µàÕÀπà«¬∑¥≈Õß)

x 100 §ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ ‰¥â·°à §ÿ≥¿“æº≈¿“¬πÕ°§◊Õ ¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ßº≈ πÈ”Àπ—°º≈ §ÿ≥¿“æº≈¿“¬„π §◊Õ §«“¡Àπ“‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈ ’‡π◊ÈÕº≈ ‡ªÕ√å‡´Áπµå‡π◊ÈÕº≈ ª√‘¡“≥°√¥ (TA) ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß¢Õß·¢Áß∑’Ë≈–≈“¬πÈ”‰¥â4) °“√ª√–‡¡‘π§«“¡‡¢â“°—π‰¥â¢ÕßµâπµÕ°—∫°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’„π™à«ßÕÕ°¥Õ°·≈–µ‘¥º≈ ‚¥¬‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß‡ª≈◊Õ°≈”µâπ¢Õßµâπ â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ ·≈–µâπµÕ·µà≈–™π‘¥µ√ß∫√‘‡«≥Àà“ß®“°‡Àπ◊Õ·≈–„µâ√Õ¬µàÕ 2-3 ´¡. π”¡“ °—¥‡Õπ‰´¡åµ“¡

«. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑.

ªï∑’Ë 28 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 æ.§.

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¡ß§≈ ·´àÀ≈‘¡ ·≈– ¡ªÕß ‡µ™–‚µ519

«‘∏’°“√¢Õß ¡“≈’ (2541) ·≈–¬âÕ¡ ’‡Õπ‰´¡å‚¥¬„™â√–∫∫‡Õπ‰´¡å‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ ¡’°“√À“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß·∂∫¢Õß‰´‚¡·°√¡¢Õß‡Õπ‰´¡å®“°µâπµÕ·µà≈–™π‘¥°—∫°“√‡®√‘≠¢ÕßµâπµÕ·≈–°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’

º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß

1. °“√ª√–‡¡‘π§«“¡·¢Áß·√ß¢Õß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’

1.1 ¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß‡Àπ◊Õ√Õ¬µàÕ °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫√–À«à“ß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’æ∫«à“¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß‡Àπ◊Õ√Õ¬µàÕ¢Õß â¡®ÿ°∑’ËµàÕ°‘Ëß∫πµâπµÕ∑—Èß 11 ™π‘¥‡∑à“°—∫2.37 ´¡. Ÿß°«à“¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß‡Àπ◊Õ√Õ¬µàÕ¢Õßµâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ (1.79 ´¡.) º≈°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫√–À«à“ß™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕ µâπ â¡®ÿ°∑’ËµàÕ°‘Ëß∫πµâπµÕ√—ø‡≈¡Õπ ¡’¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß≈”µâπ Ÿß ÿ¥ (2.83 ´¡.) ·≈–°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫√–À«à“ß™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕ·≈–°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ æ∫«à“¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—π ‚¥¬∑’Ëµâπ â¡®ÿ°µàÕ°‘Ëß°—∫µâπµÕ√—ø‡≈¡Õπ·≈–‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ¡’¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß‡Àπ◊Õ√Õ¬µàÕ Ÿß ÿ¥ ·≈–‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß„µâ√Õ¬µàÕ¢ÕßµâπµÕ ‡ªìπ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß‡Àπ◊Õ√Õ¬µàÕ (Table 1)

1.2 §«“¡ Ÿß≈”µâπ °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§à“‡©≈’Ë¬§«“¡ Ÿß√–À«à“ß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ §à“‡©≈’Ë¬§«“¡ Ÿß√–À«à“ß™π‘¥µâπµÕ æ∫«à“µâπµÕ‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ·≈–√—ø‡≈¡Õπ¡’§à“‡©≈’Ë¬§«“¡ Ÿß‡∑à“°—∫ 163 ´¡. ·≈–159.25 ´¡.µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘°“√æ‘®“√≥“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’°—∫µâπµÕ æ∫«à“¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—π‚¥¬ â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ Ÿß ÿ¥ ‡∑à“°—∫ 175.5 ´¡. ·≈–µâπµÕ√—ø‡≈¡Õπ√Õß≈ß¡“ 166.3 ´¡. ‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ µâπµÕ¡–π“«§«“¬°—∫ â¡‚™°ÿπ¡’§à“‡©≈’Ë¬§«“¡ Ÿß≈”µâπµË” ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 64

´¡. (Table 1)

1.3 ª√‘¡“µ√∑√ßæÿà¡¢Õßµâπ â¡ ‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë„™â§“¥§–‡πª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√„Àâº≈º≈‘µ„π â¡‰¥â ®“°º≈°“√»÷°…“°“√‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õßµâπ â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ™π‘¥µà“ßÊ „π™à«ß‡√‘Ë¡„Àâº≈º≈º≈‘µ (Õ“¬ÿ 2.5 ªï À≈—ß°“√‡ ’¬∫¬Õ¥) ‰¥â·°à®”π«π°“√·µ°°‘Ëß·≈–„∫ §«“¡ Ÿß à«π∫π≈”µâπ‡Àπ◊Õ√Õ¬µàÕ àßº≈„Àâ¡’°“√‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õßª√‘¡“µ√∑√ßæÿà¡ (Table 1)

°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫√–À«à“ß™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕ æ∫«à“µâπµÕ

‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ∑”„Àâ°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ Ÿß ÿ¥ 0.374

≈∫.‡¡µ√ ·≈–√—ø‡≈¡Õπ‡ªìπµâπµÕ∑’Ë∑”„Àâ°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‡ªìπÕ—π¥—∫√Õß≈ß¡“ 0.324 ≈∫.‡¡µ√ °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—π√–À«à“ß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ æ∫«à“µâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ¡’ª√‘¡“µ√∑√ßæÿà¡‚µ°«à“µâπ â¡®ÿ° ®÷ß§“¥§–‡π‰¥â«à“¡’º≈º≈‘µ Ÿß°«à“µâπ â¡®ÿ°

1.4 æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„∫ °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫√–À«à“ß™π‘¥°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ æ∫«à“µâπ â¡®ÿ°¡’æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„∫‡©≈’Ë¬ Ÿß°«à“µâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ·≈–¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ ·≈–°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—π„π√–À«à“ß™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕ æ∫«à“µâπµÕ√—ø‡≈¡Õπ∑”„Àâ°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’¡’æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„∫‡©≈’Ë¬‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ Ÿß ÿ¥ 7114.5 µ√.´¡.·µ°µà“ß°—π„π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘°—∫ â¡ à“ ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å ‘·µ√ß®å ¡–π“«§«“¬ §“√‘‚´à´‘·µ√ß®å ®—π°√– ·≈– â¡‚Õ °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„∫∑’Ë‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡©≈’Ë¬µàÕµâπ√–À«à“ß™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕ°—∫°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ µâπ â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ√—ø‡≈¡Õπ¡’æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„∫‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ Ÿß ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊ÕµâπµÕ‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ ·≈–µâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ¡–π“«§«“¬¡’æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„∫‡©≈’Ë¬µàÕµâπµË” ÿ¥ 783.61

µ√.´¡. (Table 1)

2. °“√∑¥ Õ∫‚¥¬À“ª√‘¡“≥∏“µÿÕ“À“√

2.1 ‰π‚µ√‡®π (N) ª√‘¡“≥∏“µÿ N „π„∫‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß â¡®ÿ° Ÿß°«à“ â¡‚™°ÿπ ‡∑à“°—∫ 3.7% ·≈– 3.56% µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ·µ°µà“ß°—π„π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë P<0.05 °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§à“‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õßª√‘¡“≥∏“µÿ N „π„∫√–À«à“ß™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕæ∫«à“µâπµÕ§≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π â¡´à“ «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å ·≈–¡–ß—Ë« ¡’ª√‘¡“≥ N „π„∫‡©≈’Ë¬ Ÿß°«à“µâπµÕ¡–π“«§«“¬ ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë P<0.05 §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß™π‘¥°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’·≈–™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π‚¥¬µâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ°—∫¡–π“«§«“¬¡’ª√‘¡“≥ N „π„∫‡©≈’Ë¬µË” ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 2.55% (Table

2)

2.2 øÕ øÕ√— (P) ª√‘¡“≥ P „π„∫‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ ‡∑à“°—∫ 0.236% ·≈– 0.216% µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë P<0.05 °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√‘¡“≥∏“µÿøÕ øÕ√— „π√–À«à“ß™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕ ·≈–§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß™π‘¥°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’·≈–™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕ‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (Table 2)

2.3 ‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡ (K) ª√‘¡“≥∏“µÿ K „π„∫‡©≈’Ë¬


Vol.28 No.3 May - Jun. 2006 520


Lim, M. and Te-chato, S.T

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-


¡ß§≈ ·´àÀ≈‘¡ ·≈– ¡ªÕß ‡µ™–‚µ521

¢Õß â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ ‡∑à“°—∫ 2.49% ·≈– 2.34% µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë P<0.05 °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√‘¡“≥∏“µÿøÕ øÕ√— „π√–À«à“ß™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕ æ∫«à“µâπµÕ®—π°√–¡’ª√‘¡“≥∏“µÿ K „π„∫‡©≈’Ë¬ Ÿß ÿ¥ ‡∑à“°—∫2.84% ·≈–µâπµÕ¡–π“«§«“¬ ¡’ª√‘¡“≥ K „π„∫µË” ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 1.57% §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß™π‘¥°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’·≈–™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π‚¥¬µâπ â¡®ÿ°°—∫µâπµÕ â¡®—π°√–¡’ª√‘¡“≥ K „π„∫‡©≈’Ë¬ Ÿß ÿ¥ (2.883%) ·≈–µâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ°—∫¡–π“«§«“¬¡’ª√‘¡“≥ K „π„∫µË” ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫0.8% (Table 2)

2.4 §“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√µ∑’Ë‰¡à„™à‚§√ß √â“ß (TNC)

ª√‘¡“≥ “√ª√–°Õ∫ TNC „π„∫‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ‡∑à“°—∫ 25.92% ·≈– 23.49% µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ ·µà¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π√–À«à“ß™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕ‚¥¬µâπµÕ¡–π“«§«“¬¡’ª√‘¡“≥ TNC „π„∫‡©≈’Ë¬ Ÿß ÿ¥ (34.86%) ·≈–µâπµÕ â¡´à“¡’ª√‘¡“≥ TNC

„π„∫‡©≈’Ë¬µË” ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 16.21% à«π°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§à“‡©≈’Ë¬√–À«à“ß™π‘¥¢Õß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’·≈–™π‘¥µâπµÕ‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π (Table 2)

—¥ à«π¢Õßª√‘¡“≥§“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√µ°—∫∏“µÿ‰π‚µ√‡®π(C/N ratio) º≈°“√∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“ ‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π∑—Èß™π‘¥¢Õß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ ™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕ ·≈–§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’·≈–µâπµÕ (Table 2)

3. °“√ª√–‡¡‘πª√‘¡“≥·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ

3.1 ‡ªÕ√å‡´Áπµå°“√µ‘¥º≈

1) â¡®ÿ°

º≈°“√»÷°…“‡ªÕ√å‡ Áπµå°“√µ‘¥º≈¢Õß â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ∑—Èß 11 ™π‘¥ æ∫«à“¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ ¿“æÕ“°“»‚¥¬‡©æ“–ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”Ωπ µâπ â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°™π‘¥ÕÕ°¥Õ°µ‘¥º≈„π‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”ΩππâÕ¬ ‰¥â·°à‡¥◊Õπ¡°√“§¡ °ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å ·≈–°√°Ø“§¡ 2547 (Figure

1) ”À√—∫™π‘¥µâπµÕ∑’Ë¡’°“√µÕ∫ πÕßµàÕ™à«ß·≈âß®÷ßÕÕ°¥Õ°µ‘¥º≈ æ‘®“√≥“®“°®”π«π§√—Èß¢Õß°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°µ‘¥º≈ ‚¥¬µâπ â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ¡–ß—Ë« §≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ ·≈– «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ ¡’§«“¡∂’Ë¢Õß°“√µ‘¥º≈ Ÿß∂÷ß 5 §√—Èß µâπµÕ¡–π“«§«“¬ √—ø‡≈¡Õπ ·≈–§“√‘‚´à´‘·µ√ß®å¡’§«“¡∂’Ë¢Õß°“√µ‘¥º≈ 3 §√—Èß ·≈–µâπµÕ®—π°√– 2 §√—Èß µâπµÕ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å 1 §√—Èß ·≈–µâπµÕ â¡‚Õ´÷Ëß¡’°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß â¡®ÿ°§àÕπ¢â“ßµË”‰¡à¡’°“√µ‘¥º≈µ≈Õ¥∑—Èß 7 ‡¥◊Õπ (Figure 2) à«π§«“¡¥°¢Õß°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°µ‘¥º≈·µà≈–§√—Èß§‘¥‡ªìπ‡ªÕ√å‡ Áπµåµ‘¥„π√–¬–·√°‰¥â ·µà‡¡◊ËÕº≈ â¡®ÿ°¡’°“√‡®√‘≠¢¬“¬¢π“¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‰¡à “¡“√∂‰«âº≈µ“¡∏√√¡™“µ‘‰¥â ®”‡ªìπµâÕßª≈‘¥º≈ÕÕ°‡æ◊ËÕ„ÀâæÕ¥’°—∫¢π“¥µâπ„π ¿“æ®”°—¥¿“™π–ª≈Ÿ° ´÷Ëß®–¡’°“√‰«âª√–¡“≥ 15-30 º≈/°√–∂“ß

Figure 1. Annual rainfall, evaporation, humidity, soil temperature and max. - min. temper-

ature of Kohong station, Amphur Hat Yai, Songkhla province year 2004.


Vol.28 No.3 May - Jun. 2006 522



Figure 2. Fruit setting of Necked orange during January to September 2004.

2) â¡‚™°ÿπ

º≈°“√»÷°…“‡ªÕ√å‡´Áπµå°“√µ‘¥º≈¢Õß â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ 11 ™π‘¥ æ∫«à“ â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ‡°◊Õ∫∑ÿ°™π‘¥¡’°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°µ‘¥º≈∑—Èß„π ¿“æ·Àâß·≈âß (‡¥◊Õπ°ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å∂÷ß‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π) ·≈–„π ¿“æ∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”Ωπ Ÿß (‡¥◊Õπæƒ…¿“§¡) (Figure 1) °“√æ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß°“√µÕ∫ πÕß¢ÕßµâπµÕ·µà≈–™π‘¥ ª√“°Øº≈¥—ßπ’È â¡‚™°ÿπ

∫πµâπµÕ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å¡’§«“¡∂’Ë¢Õß°“√µ‘¥º≈ Ÿß ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 7§√—Èß √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õµâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ√—ø‡≈¡Õπ ‚«§“-‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ ·≈– «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ ¡’§«“¡∂’Ë¢Õß°“√µ‘¥º≈ Ÿß∂÷ß 6 §√—Èß à«πµâπµÕ â¡´à“ ·≈–¡–ß—Ë« ¡’§«“¡∂’Ë¢Õß°“√µ‘¥º≈ 5 §√—Èß ·≈– 4 §√—Èß µ“¡≈”¥—∫ µâπµÕ¡–π“«§«“¬ µâπµÕ®—π°√– ·≈–§“√‘‚´à´‘·µ√ß®å ¡’§«“¡∂’Ë¢Õß°“√µ‘¥º≈ 2 §√—Èß µâπµÕ§≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π 1 §√—Èß ·≈–

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¡ß§≈ ·´àÀ≈‘¡ ·≈– ¡ªÕß ‡µ™–‚µ523

µâπµÕ â¡‚Õ´÷Ëß¡’°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß â¡‚™°ÿπ§àÕπ¢â“ßµË”‰¡à¡’°“√µ‘¥º≈µ≈Õ¥™à«ß∑’Ë¡’°“√»÷°…“ (Figure 3) à«π™à«ßƒ¥Ÿ°“≈(peak) ∑’Ë¡’°“√µ‘¥º≈ Ÿß§◊Õ ™à«ß‡¥◊Õπ°ÿ¡¿“æ—π∏å∂÷ß‡¥◊Õπ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π ´÷Ëß‡ªìπ™à«ß‡¥◊Õπ∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”Ωπª“π°≈“ß

3.2 ª√‘¡“≥·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ

®”π«πº≈‡©≈’Ë¬/µâπ ¢Õß â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ‡∑à“°—∫ 10.45 ·≈– 17.79 º≈/µâπ µ“¡≈”¥—∫ °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫®”π«πº≈º≈‘µ¢Õß â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å ‘·µ√ß®å

Ÿß ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 20.6 º≈ √Õß≈ß¡“‡ªìπ§≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π17.6 º≈ ÷Ëß‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ ·≈–¡’πÈ”Àπ—°/º≈ Ÿßª“π°≈“ß‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫°“√„™âµâπµÕ™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ à«π â¡‚™°ÿπ∫π∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å ·≈–µâπµÕ¡–ß—Ë«„Àâ®”π«πº≈º≈‘µ‡©≈’Ë¬ Ÿß ÿ¥ ‡∑à“°—∫ 31.6 º≈ ·≈–31 º≈ µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ à«π°“√„™âµâπµÕ√—ø‡≈¡Õπ «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ ·≈–‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ„Àâº≈º≈‘µª“π°≈“ß ‡∑à“°—∫ 29, 21.6 ·≈– 21.6 º≈ µ“¡

Figure 3. Fruit setting of Shogun during January to September 2004.


Vol.28 No.3 May - Jun. 2006 524



≈”¥—∫ (Table 3)

πÈ”Àπ—°/º≈‚¥¬‡©≈’Ë¬ ¢Õßµâπ â¡®ÿ° ·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ‡∑à“°—∫ 198.7 °√—¡/º≈ ·≈– 129.27 °√—¡/º≈ µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ·≈–°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫πÈ”Àπ—°/º≈ æ∫«à“∑—Èß â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ®—π°√–„ÀâπÈ”Àπ—°/º≈‡©≈’Ë¬ Ÿß ÿ¥¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë P<0.05 °—∫µâπµÕ§≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ ·≈–¡–π“«§«“¬ (Table 3)

πÈ”Àπ—°º≈º≈‘µ‡©≈’Ë¬/µâπ ¢Õßµâπ â¡®ÿ° ·≈–‚™°ÿπ‡∑à“°—∫ 1965.55 °√—¡/µâπ ·≈– 2346.26 °√—¡/µâπµ“¡≈”¥—∫ °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫πÈ”Àπ—°º≈º≈‘µ‡©≈’Ë¬/µâπ ¢Õß â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å Ÿß ÿ¥ 3906 °√—¡/µâπ à«ππÈ”Àπ—°º≈º≈‘µ‡©≈’Ë¬/µâπ ¢Õß â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å Ÿß ÿ¥ 5114 °√—¡/µâπ ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π ·≈–‚™°ÿπ°—∫µâπµÕ¡–ß—Ë«√Õß≈ß¡“‡∑à“°—∫ 4702.7 °√—¡/µâπ‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (Table 3)

¢π“¥º≈‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ‡∑à“°—∫7.18 ·≈– 6.23 ´¡. µ“¡≈”¥—∫ °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫¢π“¥º≈‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ¡–ß—Ë« Ÿß ÿ¥ 8.11 ´¡. ·≈–µâπµÕ®—π°√–√Õß≈ß¡“ 7.8 ´¡. ‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘°—∫µâπµÕ â¡´à“ «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å ¡–π“«§«“¬ ·≈–√—ø‡≈¡Õπ ®”π«π‡¡≈Á¥‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õßµâπ â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ§≈’‚Õæ—µ√“ Ÿß ÿ¥ (7 ‡¡≈Á¥/ º≈) ·≈–µâπµÕ∑√Õ¬-‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®åµË” ÿ¥ ·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘∑’Ë P<0.05 à«π§«“¡µ÷ßº‘«º≈ §«“¡Àπ“‡ª≈◊Õ° ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”µ“≈ ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥°√¥∑’Ë‰∑‡∑√µ‰¥â‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (Table 3)

¢π“¥º≈‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ§≈’‚Õ-æ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å µâπµÕ¡–ß—Ë« ·≈–µâπµÕ®—π°√–¡’¢π“¥º≈‡©≈’Ë¬ 6.41, 6.79, 6.9 ·≈– 6.86

´¡. µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß®“°µâπµÕ¡–π“«§«“¬∑’Ë¡’¢π“¥º≈‡©≈’Ë¬‡∑à“°—∫ 5.13 ´.¡. º≈°“√∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“µâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ®—π°√–¡’πÈ”Àπ—°µàÕº≈ Ÿß ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫169.34 °√—¡/º≈ ·≈–µâπµÕ «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈¡’πÈ”Àπ—°/º≈µË” ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 92.3 °√—¡/º≈ ‡π◊ËÕß®“° â¡‚™°ÿπ¡’°“√µ‘¥º≈ Ÿß°«à“ â¡®ÿ° ¥—ßπ—ÈππÈ”Àπ—°º≈‡©≈’Ë¬®÷ß¢÷Èπ°—∫®”π«π°“√µ‘¥º≈¥â«¬ (Table 3) à«π â¡‚™°ÿπ°—∫µâπµÕ «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈¡’§«“¡µ÷ßº‘«º≈ Ÿß ÿ¥ (28.79 π‘«µ—π) ·≈–µâπµÕ§≈’‚Õæ—µ√“¡’§«“¡Àπ“‡ª≈◊Õ° Ÿß ÿ¥ (0.275 ´¡.) µâπµÕ

¡–ß—Ë«¡’®”π«π‡¡≈Á¥ Ÿß ÿ¥ ‡∑à“°—∫ 16.5 ‡¡≈Á¥/ º≈ ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”µ“≈¢Õß â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ â¡ à“ «‘ß‡°‘≈ ‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å ¡–π“«§«“¬ ‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ ·≈–¡–ß—Ë«‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ à«πª√‘¡“≥°√¥∑’Ë‰∑‡∑√µ‰¥â¢ÕßµâπµÕ «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ Ÿß ÿ¥ ‡∑à“°—∫ 1.53%

·≈–¡–π“«§«“¬√Õß≈ß¡“ (1.38%) ®“°º≈°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå§ÿ≥¿“æº≈æ∫«à“ â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπ¡–π“«§«“¬„Àâº≈º≈‘µ∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”µ“≈ Ÿß ÿ¥ ‡∑à“°—∫ 8.9% (Table 4)

”À√—∫ —¥ à«π¢Õßª√‘¡“≥πÈ”µ“≈°—∫ª√‘¡“≥°√¥∑’Ë‰∑‡∑√µ‰¥â (TSS: TA) ‡ªìπ§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘ ”§—≠∑’Ë∫àß∫Õ°∂÷ß√ ™“µ‘¢Õß â¡ æ‘®“√≥“®“°ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”µ“≈¡’§à“ Ÿß·≈–ª√‘¡“≥°√¥ª“π°≈“ß ®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“ â¡®ÿ°°—∫µâπµÕ â¡´à“ ¡–π“«§«“¬ ·≈–√—ø‡≈¡Õπ ¡’ª√‘¡“≥TSS ‡∑à“°—∫ 8.55, 8.9 ·≈– 8.45% µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„πª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ·µà‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘°—∫µâπµÕ™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ ·≈–¡’ª√‘¡“≥°√¥Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ª“π°≈“ß §◊Õ 0.4, 0.5

·≈– 0.47% ‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫‡ªìπ —¥ à«π TSS: TA ‰¥â‡∑à“°—∫21.38, 17.8 ·≈– 17.98 ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ßÕ¬Ÿà„π™à«ß∑’Ë‡À¡“– ¡ ”À√—∫√ ™“µ‘¢Õß â¡®ÿ° (Table 4) ”À√—∫§à“‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß —¥ à«π TSS: TA ¢Õß â¡‚™°ÿπ‡∑à“°—∫ 13.85 ¡’§à“µË”°«à“ â¡®ÿ° (18.59) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°º≈ â¡‚™°ÿπ¡’§à“‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õßª√‘¡“≥°√¥ Ÿß°«à“ â¡®ÿ°§◊Õ 0.84% ·≈– 0.44% µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ∑”„Àâ√ ™“µ‘¢Õß â¡‚™°ÿπ¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¡“°°«à“ â¡®ÿ° ®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õßµ“¡ Table 4 ‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å¡’§à“‡©≈’Ë¬¢Õß —¥ à«π TSS: TA Ÿß ÿ¥‡∑à“°—∫ 18 ®÷ß¡’√ ™“µ‘¢ÕßπÈ” â¡¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥

4. °“√ª√–‡¡‘π§«“¡‡¢â“°—π‰¥â¢ÕßµâπµÕ°—∫°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’

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„π°“√»÷°…“‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ∂÷ß√Ÿª·∫∫‡Õπ‰´¡å‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ ¢Õß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå â¡®ÿ° â¡‚™°ÿπ ·≈–µâπµÕ 11 ™π‘¥ ∑’Ë„™â∑¥ Õ∫§√—Èßπ’È (°àÕπ°“√µàÕ°‘Ëß) ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ“®‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°≈—°…≥–ª√–®”æ—π∏ÿå Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áµ“¡∫“ßæ—π∏ÿå°Á¡’§«“¡§≈â“¬§≈÷ß°—π ‡™àπ â¡®ÿ°°—∫ â¡‚™°ÿπ «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ-¡‘‚≈°—∫∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å ·≈–‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ°—∫√—ø-‡≈¡Õπ (Figure 4)

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Vol.28 No.3 May - Jun. 2006 526



1) â¡®ÿ°

µâπµÕ à«π„À≠à “¡“√∂‡¢â“°—∫°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ â¡®ÿ°‰¥â¥’ ‡¡◊ËÕµ√«® Õ∫√Ÿª·∫∫‡Õπ‰´¡å‡Õ ‡µÕ‡√ °‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ â¡®ÿ° (J) ∫πµâπµÕ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å (Tr) ·µ°µà“ß‰ª®“°‡¥‘¡°àÕπ°“√µàÕ°‘Ëß (Figure 5A ‡≈π∑’Ë 3 Sc »√™’È)· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“µâπµÕ™π‘¥π’È¡’º≈≈¥°‘®°√√¡¢Õß√Ÿª·∫∫‡Õπ‰´¡å‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ â¡®ÿ° „π∑“ßµ√ß¢â“¡°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ â¡®ÿ° àßº≈≈¥°‘®°√√¡‡Õ ‡µÕ‡√ ¢ÕßµâπµÕ (Figure 5A ‡≈π∑’Ë4 St »√™’È) â¡‚Õ∑’Ë„™â‡ªìπµâπµÕ‰¡à¡’º≈µàÕ°‘®°√√¡¢Õß‡Õπ‰´¡å¥—ß°≈à“«¢Õß â¡®ÿ° „π∑“ßµ√ß¢â“¡ â¡®ÿ°¡’º≈‡æ‘Ë¡°‘®°√√¡¢Õß‡Õπ‰´¡å¢Õß â¡‚Õ (Figure 5A ‡≈π∑’Ë 7 »√™’È) à«πµâπµÕ «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ ·≈–∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å‰¡à¡’º≈µàÕ°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß°‘®°√√¡¢Õß‡Õπ‰´¡å„πµâπµÕ â¡®ÿ°(Figure 5B) ‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“µâπµÕæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß∑’Ë‡À¡“– ¡‚¥¬„™â°‘®°√√¡‡Õπ‰´¡å‡Õ ‡µÕ‡√ æ∫«à“ µâπµÕ®—π°√– ¡–ß—Ë« “¡“√∂‡¢â“°—π‰¥â¥’ ·≈–∑—ÈßµâπµÕ°—∫°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’‰¡à¡’º≈ ÷Ëß°—π·≈–°—π

2) â¡‚™°ÿπ

µâπµÕ â¡∑ÿ°™π‘¥∑’Ë∑¥ Õ∫„™âµàÕ°‘Ëß°—∫ â¡‚™°ÿπ àßº≈µàÕ°‘®°√√¡¢Õß‡Õπ‰´¡å‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ ‚¥¬µâπµÕ¡’º≈≈¥°‘®°√√¡∑’Ë‡¥àπ™—¥¡“°¢Õß‡Õπ‰´¡å‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ (Figure

6 »√™’È) ·≈–°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ â¡‚™°ÿπ°Á àßº≈≈¥°‘®°√√¡‡Õπ‰´¡å¥—ß°≈à“«„πµâπµÕ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π ¬°‡«âπµâπµÕ â¡§≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π·≈–¡–π“«§«“¬ à«πµâπµÕæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õßπ—Èπæ∫«à“‚¥¬ à«π„À≠à‰¡à “¡“√∂‡¢â“°—π‰¥â°—∫°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ â¡‚™°ÿπ∑—Èß¡–ß—Ë« ¡–π“«§«“¬ ·≈– â¡‚Õ

«‘®“√≥å

°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§«“¡·¢Áß·√ß¢Õß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’∑—Èß â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ®“°°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ ¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠µàÕª√‘¡“≥·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ º≈°“√»÷°…“∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“µâπ â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ∑ÿ°™π‘¥¡’°“√‡®√‘≠‡√Á«°«à“µâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ µ—Èß·µà¢π“¥≈”µâπ à«π‡Àπ◊Õ·≈–„µâ√Õ¬µàÕ §«“¡ Ÿß ·≈–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„∫´÷Ëß √ÿª‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ≈—°…≥–π‘ —¬¢Õß â¡®ÿ° °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫√–À«à“ß™π‘¥µâπµÕ æ∫«à“√—ø‡≈¡Õπ‡ªìπµâπµÕ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡·¢Áß·√ß “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ¢π“¥≈”µâπ æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„∫ ·≈–ª√‘¡“µ√∑√ßæÿà¡¢Õß∑—Èßµâπ â¡®ÿ°·≈–‚™°ÿπ Ÿß ÿ¥ ·≈–µâπµÕ‚«§“-

‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ∑”„Àâ°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’¡’§«“¡·¢Áß·√ß√Õß≈ß¡“ ·≈–µâπµÕ¡–π“«§«“¬∑”„Àâ°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’¡’°“√‡®√‘≠µË” ÿ¥ (Table

1) ´÷Ëßº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß¢Õß ¡ß§≈ ·≈–§≥– (2546) æ∫«à“µâπµÕ â¡‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ ·≈–√—ø‡≈¡Õπ ™à«¬ àß‡ √‘¡°“√‡®√‘≠∑“ß≈”µâπ·≈–°‘Ëß„∫‰¥â¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π Davies

·≈– Albrigo (1994) °≈à“«∂÷ß§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢ÕßµâπµÕ‚«§“-‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ‡ªìπ≈Ÿ°º ¡¢Õß‡≈¡Õπ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡·¢Áß·√ß∑√ßæÿà¡ Ÿß„À≠à ∑π‚√§√“°‡πà“·≈–‚§π‡πà“ ·µàÕàÕπ·ÕµàÕ‚√§„∫®ÿ¥·≈–„∫‰À¡â ∑√’ ‡∑´à“‰«√— ·≈–‰ â‡¥◊ÕπΩÕ¬ à«π√—ø‡≈¡Õπ‡ªìπµâπµÕ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡„™â¡“π“π ¡’√–∫∫√“°µ◊Èπ‡À¡“–µàÕ°“√ª≈Ÿ°„π¥‘π∑√“¬·≈–∑πµàÕÕ“°“»Àπ“«‡¬ÁπPrice (2004) ‰¥â·π–π”µâπµÕ 5 ™π‘¥ ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡·¢Áß·√ß·≈–‰¡à¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕº≈º≈‘µ §◊Õ ´“«ÕÕ‡√π´å §“√‘‚´à-´‘·µ√ß®å «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ §≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π ·≈– â¡ “¡„∫ ·µà´“«ÕÕ‡√π´åÕàÕπ·ÕµàÕ‚√§∑√’ ‡µ´“‰«√— °“√„™â‡≈¡Õπ‡ªìπµâπµÕ®–∑”„Àâ°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‡√Á«·≈–·¢Áß·√ß·µà‰¥â§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µµË” Castle (1992) √“¬ß“π«à“µâπµÕ·µà≈–™π‘¥¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘‡©æ“–∑’Ë¡’∑—Èß¢âÕ‰¥â‡ª√’¬∫·≈–‡ ’¬‡ª√’¬∫Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬ ‰¡à¡’µâπµÕ∑’Ë¡’ ¡∫—µ‘¥’‡¥àπ∑ÿ°Õ¬à“ßRichardson ·≈–§≥– (1994) ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß â¡æ—π∏ÿå´‘≈‡«Õ√åŒ‘≈´—∑´Ÿ¡à“·¡π¥“√‘π∫πµâπµÕ â¡ “¡„∫∑’Ë‡ªìπ â¡æ—π∏ÿåæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß°—∫µâπµÕ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å ‘·µ√ß®å∑’Ë‡ªìπæ—π∏ÿå≈Ÿ°º ¡ º≈ª√“°Ø«à“µâπµÕ â¡ “¡„∫„Àâº≈º≈‘µ∑—Èßª√‘¡“≥·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æµË”°«à“µâπµÕ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å ‘·µ√ß®å ®÷ß √ÿª«à“°“√„™âµâπµÕæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß„Àâº≈º≈‘µµË”°«à“°“√„™âµâπµÕ≈Ÿ°º ¡

º≈°“√»÷°…“‡ªÕ√å‡´Áπµå°“√µ‘¥º≈¢Õß â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ∑’ËµàÕ°‘Ëß∫πµâπµÕ∑—Èß 11 ™π‘¥ ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“ 9

‡¥◊Õπ æ∫«à“°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°µ‘¥º≈¢Õßµâπ â¡„π™ÿ¥∑¥≈Õß‡ªìπÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈®“° ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡¥â«¬ à«πÀπ÷Ëß ·≈–¡’™à«ßƒ¥Ÿ°“≈∑’ËÕÕ°¥Õ°µ‘¥º≈¡’ 2 ™à«ß ´÷Ëß·µ°µà“ß®“° â¡‚™°ÿπ∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–π‘ —¬ÕÕ°¥Õ°µ‘¥º≈µ≈Õ¥ªï ∑—Èßπ’ÈÕ“®‡ªìπº≈®“°°“√∑¥≈Õß„π°√–∂“ß∑’Ë¡’ ¿“æ®”°—¥¥‘πª≈Ÿ° ∑”„Àâ√“°æ◊™Õ¬Ÿà„π ¿“æ∑’Ë®”°—¥·≈–‡°‘¥§«“¡‡§√’¬¥‰¥âßà“¬À“°¡’°“√ß¥πÈ” ®÷ß∑”„Àâµâπ â¡ ‚™°ÿπ„π°√–∂“ßÕÕ°¥Õ°µ‘¥º≈‰¥âµ≈Õ¥∑ÿ°‡¥◊Õπ â¡®ÿ°¡’≈—°…≥–π‘ —¬ÕÕ°¥Õ°µ‘¥º≈‰¥â¬“°°«à“ â¡‚™°ÿπ Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈Õ’° à«πÀπ÷Ëß®“°≈—°…≥–π‘ —¬¢Õßµâπ â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ∑’ËµÕ∫ πÕßµàÕ ¿“æ·Àâß·≈âß

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¡ß§≈ ·´àÀ≈‘¡ ·≈– ¡ªÕß ‡µ™–‚µ527

Figure 4. Esterase enzyme pattern of Necked orange, Shogun and rootstock species before

grafting.

J = Necked orange Sh = Shogun

Cle = Cleopatra mandarin Sa = Somsa

Sw = Swingle citrumelo Tr = Troyer citrange

Li = Manaao khwaai R = Rough lemon

Volk = Volkamer lemon Car = Carrizo citrange

Pu = Pummelo Mh = Ma_wo

Figure 5. Est zymogram pattern of Necked orange and rootstock species before and after

being grafted.

J = Necked orange Sw = Swingle citrumelo Tr = Troyer citrange

Pu = Pummelo Jan = Chan_kra Mh = Ma_wo

Li = Manaao-khwaai Rou = Rough lemon Volk = Volkamer lemon

Car = Carrizo citrange Sc = scion St = rootstock

<——> = Scion and rootstock zymogram pattern changed

<—— = Scion zymogram pattern changed

——> = Rootstock zymogram pattern changed


Vol.28 No.3 May - Jun. 2006 528



·µ°µà“ß°—π §◊Õµâπ â¡‚™°ÿπµÕ∫ πÕßµàÕ ¿“æ·Àâß·≈âß‰¥â¥’°«à“ ®÷ß¡’°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°µ‘¥º≈∑ÿ°‡¥◊Õπ à«πÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈∑’Ë‡°‘¥®“°™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕª√–‡¡‘π‰¥â®“°§«“¡∂’Ë¢Õß°“√ÕÕ°¥Õ°¢ÕßµâπµÕ·µà≈–™π‘¥ ‚¥¬æ∫«à“µâπµÕ¡–ß—Ë« §≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π ‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ ·≈– «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ ∑”„Àâ â¡®ÿ°ÕÕ°¥Õ°‰¥â∂÷ß 5 §√—Èß ·≈–µâπµÕ â¡´à“ √—ø‡≈¡Õπ‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å ·≈– «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈∑”„Àâ â¡‚™°ÿπÕÕ°¥Õ°‰¥â∂÷ß 6 §√—Èß ¡’§«“¡∂’Ë Ÿß ÿ¥‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫µâπµÕ™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ

°“√∑¥ Õ∫Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßµâπµÕ„π‡√◊ËÕß¢Õß·√à∏“µÿÕ“À“√¥â«¬°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå„∫ â¡∑’Ë‡®√‘≠∫πµâπµÕ™π‘¥µà“ß°—πæ∫«à“ µâπµÕ â¡´à“ §≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å-´‘·µ√ß®å «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈ ·≈–¡–ß—Ë« Õ¬Ÿà„π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥N „π„∫‡©≈’Ë¬ Ÿß µâπµÕ√—ø‡≈¡Õπ ‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ §“√‘-

‚´à´‘·µ√ß®å ®—π°√– ·≈– â¡‚Õ Õ¬Ÿà„π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥ N „π„∫‡©≈’Ë¬ª“π°≈“ß ·≈–µâπµÕ¡–π“«§«“¬ ®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ëª√‘¡“≥ N „π„∫‡©≈’Ë¬µË” ÿ¥ (Table 2) °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√‘¡“≥ TNC ·≈– —¥ à«π C/N „π„∫¢Õßµâπ â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ™π‘¥µà“ßÊ æ∫«à“¡–π“«§«“¬¡’ª√‘¡“≥TNC „π„∫ Ÿß ÿ¥ · ¥ß∂÷ßÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßµâπµÕ„π°≈ÿà¡¡–π“«Õ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π à«πµâπµÕ√—ø‡≈¡Õπ §“√‘‚´à´‘·µ√ß®å·≈–¡–ß—Ë« ¡’ª√‘¡“≥ TNC „π„∫Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ Ÿß√Õß≈ß¡“÷Ëßª√‘¡“≥·√à∏“µÿÕ“À“√‡À≈à“π’È¡’ à«π —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ª√‘¡“≥

°√¥·≈–ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”µ“≈„πº≈ Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áµ“¡ Zekri ·≈–§≥– (2003) °≈à“««à“∏“µÿ N ¡’º≈∑”„Àâ‡æ‘Ë¡ ’·≈–ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”„πº≈ â¡ (juice content) ª√‘¡“≥°√¥·≈–πÈ”µ“≈§«“¡Àπ“‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈ ∑”„Àâ¢π“¥·≈–πÈ”Àπ—°º≈≈¥≈ß∏“µÿ P ≈¥ª√‘¡“≥°√¥·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”µ“≈ ·≈–≈¥

Figure 6. Est zymogram pattern of Shogun and rootstock species before and after being

grafted.

Sho = Shogun Sw = Swingle citrumelo Tr = Troyer citrange

Cle = Cleopatra mandarin Volk = Volkamer lemon Car = Carrizo citrange

Pu = Pummelo Mh = Ma_wo Li = Manaao-khwaai

Rou = Rough lemon Jan = Chan_kra Car = Carrizo citrange

Sc = scion St = rootstock

<——> = Scion and rootstock zymogram pattern changed

<—— = Scion zymogram pattern changed

——> = Rootstock zymogram pattern changed

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§«“¡Àπ“‡ª≈◊Õ°º≈ ∏“µÿ K ‡æ‘Ë¡¢π“¥·≈–πÈ”Àπ—°º≈≈¥ ’·≈–ª√‘¡“≥πÈ”„πº≈ â¡ √«¡∂÷ß°“√≈¥≈ß¢Õßª√‘¡“≥πÈ”µ“≈ ·≈– —¥ à«ππÈ”µ“≈/°√¥

º≈°“√»÷°…“Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßµâπµÕµàÕª√‘¡“≥·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ¢Õß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å-´‘·µ√ß®å ·≈–§≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π „Àâ®”π«πº≈/µâπ Ÿß à«π‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å «‘ß‡°‘≈´‘µ√Ÿ¡‘‚≈√—ø‡≈¡Õπ ‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ ·≈–¡–ß—Ë« „Àâ®”π«πº≈/µâπ Ÿß ∑”„Àâ¡’πÈ”Àπ—°º≈º≈‘µ√«¡ Ÿß ´÷Ëß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡∑’Ë Castle (1992) °≈à“««à“µâπµÕ·µà≈–™π‘¥¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘‡©æ“–∑’Ë¡’∑—Èß¢âÕ‰¥â‡ª√’¬∫·≈–‡ ’¬‡ª√’¬∫‡¡◊ËÕ„™â°—∫°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå â¡·µà≈–™π‘¥¥â«¬ °“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫®”π«π‡¡≈Á¥/º≈ „πº≈ â¡®ÿ°°—∫µâπµÕ∑ÿ°™π‘¥¡’®”π«π‡¡≈Á¥/º≈πâÕ¬°«à“ â¡‚™°ÿπ®÷ß √ÿª«à“‡ªìπ≈—°…≥–ª√–®”æ—π∏ÿåÀ√◊Õæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡¢Õß°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå¥’ ‰¡à‰¥â‡°‘¥®“°Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßµâπµÕ °“√‡ª√’¬∫§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ¢Õß â¡®ÿ°„π√–À«à“ß™π‘¥¢ÕßµâπµÕæ∫«à“∑—Èß§«“¡µ÷ßº‘«º≈ §«“¡Àπ“‡ª≈◊Õ° TSS, TA ·≈– —¥ à«π¢ÕßTSS: TA ‰¡à¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π ·≈–°‘Ëßæ—π∏ÿå â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ§≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π â¡´à“ √—ø‡≈¡Õπ ·≈–‚«§“-‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ¡’·π«‚πâ¡∑’Ë„Àâ§ÿ≥¿“æº≈ Ÿß ”À√—∫µâπ‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ§≈’‚Õæ—µ√“·¡π¥“√‘π â¡´à“ ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å·≈–‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ„Àâº≈º≈‘µ¡’§ÿ≥¿“æ Ÿß‡™àπ°—π ¥—ß„π√“¬ß“π¢Õß Georgiou (2000) ‰¥â∑¥ Õ∫Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßµâπµÕ 11 ™π‘¥„π â¡·¡π¥“√‘πæ—π∏ÿå Nova æ∫«à“µâπµÕ§“√‘‚´à´‘·µ√ß®å ·≈–‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ ∑”„Àâ¢π“¥·≈–πÈ”Àπ—°º≈ ª√‘¡“≥πÈ” â¡ TSS, TA ·≈– —¥ à«π TSS:

TA Ÿß ÿ¥°“√æ‘®“√≥“√Ÿª·∫∫‡Õπ‰´¡å‡Õ ‡∑Õ‡√ ¢Õß â¡®ÿ°

·≈–‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ∫“ß™π‘¥ æ∫«à“¡’§«“¡‡®◊Õ®“ß¢Õß·∂∫®π∂÷ß‰¡àæ∫·∂∫‡≈¬ ∑—Èßπ’ÈÕ“®‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°‡Õπ‰´¡å∑’Ë·¬°‰¥â¡’°‘®°√√¡πâÕ¬‡°‘π‰ª À√◊Õª√‘¡“µ√¢Õß∫—ø‡øÕ√å °—¥¡“°‡°‘π‰ª àßº≈µàÕ§«“¡‡®◊Õ®“ß¢Õß‡Õπ‰´¡å

®“°º≈°“√ª√–‡¡‘π∑—Èßª√‘¡“≥·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ¢Õß â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ 11 ™π‘¥ √ÿª‰¥â«à“‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ‡ªìπµâπµÕ∑’Ë¡’°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‡√Á« (Table

1) ‡À¡“–°—∫ â¡®ÿ°∑’Ë¡’°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‡√Á«‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π ·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—π°—∫µâπµÕ™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ (Table

3) ‚¥¬‡©æ“–§à“ TSS °—∫ TA ∑’Ë‡ªìπ§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ∑’Ë

”§—≠ (Table 4) ·≈–µâπµÕ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ¡’°“√‡®√‘≠∑“ß¥â“π≈”µâπ·≈–°‘Ëß„∫ª“π°≈“ß ·µà„Àâª√‘¡“≥·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ Ÿß à«πµâπµÕ√—ø‡≈¡Õπ·≈–‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ®–∑”„Àâµâπ â¡‚™°ÿπÕ¬Ÿà à«π∫π (Top)

‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ·¢Áß·√ß ¡’ª√‘¡“≥∏“µÿ N ®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ Ÿß·≈–∑”„Àâº≈ â¡‚™°ÿπ¡’‡ª≈◊Õ°Àπ“ ·≈–¡’§à“ TSS µË”§à“ TA Ÿß°«à“µâπµÕ™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ µ√ß°—∫∑’Ë Zekri ·≈–§≥–(2003) √“¬ß“π«à“µâπµÕ â¡∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥∏“µÿ N „π„∫ Ÿß®–∑”„Àâº≈ â¡¡’§à“ TSS µË” ®“°º≈°“√»÷°…“„π§√—Èßπ’È µâπµÕ∑’Ë∑”„Àâº≈ â¡‚™°ÿπ¡’§à“ TSS Ÿß·≈–¡’§à“ TA ª“π°≈“ß‰¥â·°à ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å´‘·µ√ß®å ‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ â¡´à“ ·≈–¡–ß—Ë« ª√–°Õ∫°—∫ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¡’Ωπµ°Àπ—°·≈–≈—°…≥–¥‘π∑“ß¿“§„µâ¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’ ¿“æ‡ªìπ¥‘π°√¥∑”„Àâµâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ∑√ÿ¥‚∑√¡‰¥âßà“¬ À“°¡’°“√„™âµâπµÕ∑’ËÕàÕπ·ÕÕ“®∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥‚√§√–∫“¥√ÿπ·√ß‰¥âßà“¬¢÷Èπ °“√„™âµâπµÕ∑√Õ¬‡¬Õ√å ‘·µ√ß®å À√◊Õ‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ À√◊Õ¡–ß—Ë«∑’Ë àß‡ √‘¡„Àâµâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ¡’°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‡√Á«·≈–·¢Áß·√ßµ≈Õ¥®π‰¡à¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ§ÿ≥¿“æº≈º≈‘µ ®–™à«¬¬◊¥Õ“¬ÿ™à«ß°“√„Àâº≈º≈‘µ„π‡™‘ßæ“≥‘™¬å¢Õßµâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ‰¥â ·µà°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®„™âµâπµÕ™π‘¥„¥™π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß¬—ß§ßµâÕßæ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡¢Õß·µà≈–∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ √«¡∂÷ß§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢Õß§«“¡∑π‚√§À√◊ÕÕàÕπ·ÕµàÕ‚√§™π‘¥µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π·µà≈–∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ¥â«¬ ´÷ËßµâπµÕ‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ‡ªìπµâπµÕ≈Ÿ°º ¡¢Õß‡≈¡Õπ·¡â«à“®–∑”„Àâµâπ â¡‚™°ÿπ‡®√‘≠¥’ ·µà¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘ÕàÕπ·ÕµàÕ‚√§·§ß‡§Õ√å (Turner, 2004) ®÷ß§«√√–¡—¥√–«—ß°“√√–∫“¥¢Õß‚√§π’ÈÀ“°„™â‚«§“‡¡Õ√å‡≈¡Õπ‡ªìπµâπµÕ„π∑âÕß∑’Ë∑’Ë‡ªìπ·À≈àßª≈Ÿ°¡–π“« À√◊Õæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ë¡’‚√§·§ß‡§Õ√å√–∫“¥ ‡ªìπµâπ

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

®”‡ªìπ ÕàÕπ∑Õß. 2545. §Ÿà¡◊Õ°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå¥‘π·≈–æ◊™. ¿“§«‘™“∏√≥’»“ µ√å §≥–∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘. ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «‘∑¬“‡¢µÀ“¥„À≠à.

‰æ‚√®πå º≈ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï. 2516. â¡µ√“∫πµâπµÕ¡–¢«‘¥. «.° ‘°√46: 167-171.

¡“≈’ – ¡»—°¥‘Ï. 2541. °“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ·≈–æ—≤π“°“√¢Õß â¡‚™°ÿπ (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Shogun) ∫πµâπµÕ â¡∫“ß™π‘¥ «‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏å«‘∑¬“»“ µ√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ “¢“«‘™“æ◊™»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å.


Vol.28 No.3 May - Jun. 2006 530



¡ß§≈ ·´àÀ≈‘¡ ¡ªÕß ‡µ™–‚µ ·≈– ÿ∏’√“ ∂“«√√—µπå. 2546.°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß â¡·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ â¡∫“ß™π‘¥. «. «‘∑¬.°…. 34: 1-3 (æ‘‡»…): 156-159.

¡ß§≈ ·´àÀ≈‘¡ ·≈– ¡ªÕß ‡µ™–‚µ. 2545°. °“√»÷°…“§«“¡‡¢â“°—π‰¥â¢Õß â¡®ÿ°·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ∫πµâπµÕ â¡∫“ß™π‘¥.√“¬ß“π«‘®—¬©∫—∫ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ¿“§«‘™“æ◊™»“ µ√å §≥–∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å.

¡ß§≈ ·´àÀ≈‘¡ ·≈– ¡ªÕß ‡µ™–‚µ. 2545¢. °“√»÷°…“§«“¡‡¢â“°—π‰¥â¢Õß â¡®ÿ°∫πµâπµÕ â¡∫“ß™π‘¥‚¥¬„™â‰Õ‚´-‰´¡å·≈–≈—°…≥–∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“. √“¬ß“π«‘®—¬©∫—∫ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ¿“§«‘™“æ◊™»“ µ√å §≥–∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å.

¡ß§≈ ·´àÀ≈‘¡ ¡ªÕß ‡µ™–‚µ ·≈– ÿ¿“≥’ ™π–«’√«√√≥.2542. °“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß â¡®ÿ° (Citrus reticulata

Blanco) ·≈– â¡‚™°ÿπ (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

∫πµâπµÕ â¡∫“ß™π‘¥. «. ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å «∑∑ 21:

415-423.≈—°¢π“ «√‚¿§‘π. 2547. °“√»÷°…“Õ“°“√º≈·µ°„π â¡‚™°ÿπ

(Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Shogun). «‘∑¬“-π‘æπ∏å«‘∑¬“»“ µ√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ “¢“æ◊™»“ µ√å §≥–∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“µ‘ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å.

π—Ëπ ¢”‡≈‘». 2522. À≈—°·≈–«‘∏’°“√¢¬“¬æ—π∏ÿåæ◊™. °√ÿß‡∑æœ:¿“§«‘™“æ◊™ «π §≥–‡°…µ√ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å.

ÿ∏’√“ ∂“«√√—µπå. 2542. °“√µ√«® Õ∫√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß‡Õπ‰´¡å„π â¡‚™°ÿπ (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) ∑’ËµàÕ°‘Ëß∫πµâπµÕ â¡∫“ß™π‘¥. «‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏å«‘∑¬“»“ µ√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ “¢“«‘™“æ◊™»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ß¢≈“π§√‘π∑√å.

Castle, W.S. 1992. Rootstock selection. Fact sheet HS-151, Horticultural Sciences Department, FloridaCooperative Extension Service, Institute of Foodand Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.

Davies, S.F. and Albrigo, G.L. 1994. Citrus. CABInternational, Wallingford, Oxon.

Deloire, A. and Hebant, C. 1982. Peroxidase activityand lignification at the interface between stockand scion of compatible and incompatible graftsof Capsicum on Lycopersicum. Annal. Bot. 49:887-891.

Fallahi, E., John, W. M. and Rodney, D.R. 1989. Yieldand quality of "Redblush" Grapefruit on twelverootstocks. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 114: 187-190.

Gallasch, T.P. 2000. Cittgroup Meeting on Rootstocks.(http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pages/horticulture.citrus/hort_citp_cittgrouppub.htm.)

Georgiou, A. 2000. Performance of "Nova" mandarinon eleven rootstocks in Cyprus. Scientia Hortic.84: 115-126.

Moreno, M.A., Gaudillere, J.P. and Moing, A. 1994.Protein and amino acid content in compatibleand incompatible peach/plum grafts. J. Hort. Sci.69: 955-962.

Price, L.M. 2004. Citrus propagation and rootstocks.ECHO Development notes. (http:www.ultimatecitrus.com/pdf/tncitrus.htm+Citrus+rootstock&hl=th)

Richardson, A., Mooney, P., Anderson, P., Dawson, T.and Watson, M. 1994. How do rootstocks affectcanopy development? HortResearch, KerikeriResearch Centre. The Horticulture and FoodResearch Institure of New Zealand Ltd.(http://www.hortnet.co.nz/publications/science/r/richardson/rootcan.htm)

Turner, J.C.O. 2004. Rootstocks for Citrus. Horticultureand Fresh Products, Department of PrimaryIndustries, Gayndah, Queensland. (Http//www.dpi.qld.gov.au/horticulture/554.3.html)

Wright, C.G. and Pena, A.M. 1999. Result of scion androotstock trials of Citrus in Arizona. ResearchReport az1178, College of Agriculture and LifeScience, The University of Arizona, Tueson,Arizona. 14 P.

Zekri, M, Obreza, A.T. and Koo, R. 2003. Irrigation,Nutrition and Citrus Fruit Quality. Document SL207, Soil and Water Science Department, FloridaCooperative Extension Service, Ins. of Food andAgri. Sci., Univ. of Florida.

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