Agaru Processing

8/6/2019 Agaru Processing

1/17

PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

ON PARTICULAR INDONESIAN

NON TIMBER FOREST

PRODUCTS AGARWOOD FOR

ENHANCING THEIR ADDED

VALUES

Ina Winarni

&

Totok K. Waluyo


2/17

INTRODUCTION

ex. Agarwood.

Should be utilized

optimally

High value

Directly

managed by the

communities

Prime class natural agarwood is

highly priced

In 2000 (class A)

5-15 million (IDR)

Gaharu sapwood

(0,6-5%) 15-40 million

(IDR)/kg

Kamedangan quality

(95-99%) 30,000-

250,000 (IDR)/kg

NTFP

Each gaharu tree only produce

0,72% agarwood from total

weight

The exist of gaharu trees


3/17


4/17

INTRODUCTIONGoal

Technologys community stilltraditional

Improvement or applied

technologies which are effective,

efficient, cheap, simple, and

applicable

GOAL


5/17

Raw material

(2000 grs)

Berau, East

Kalimantan

MATERIAL AND METHODSDistillation of Agarwood Kamedangan

Samples was

dried under the

sun and ground

to sall particles

Distillation with

indirect steam

method that

lasted for 48

hours

Oil (moisture

content, yield)

Waste

Shape as flour

with 40 mesh


6/17

MATERIAL AND METHODSDistillation of Agarwood Kamedangan

Dried in the ovenat 70C

Waste

Ground to fine

particles with 60

mesh

500 gr samples

added with sago

binder

Put in the

molding tool for

shopping the

cone incense

Pressed at 3

varring pressures

(4, 7,10 kg/cm2)

Analzed using

completely

randomized

design with

3x3x3 factorial

pattern

Duration (3, 6, 9

minutes)

Temperatures

(40, 55, 70C)


7/17

MATERIAL AND METHODSExtraction of Agarwood Kamedangan

Raw material

50gr

Extraction using 3 kinds oranic solvents,

i.e. methanol, methanol : toluene = 1 : 2

and methanol : toluene = 2 : 1

Examined of moisture content and chemical

compounds using GC-MS (retention time at 7 : 0,mass range 51-698, and other condition

The data resulting were descriptively processed


8/17

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Distillation

Moisture content at kamedangan gaharu ranged

about 15-17,5%

Amount of oil as obtained was 0,3 cc/kg (no variation)

Technique of kamedangan distillation = indirectsteaming method

No.Kamedangan

sample

Moisture

content (%)

Oil yield

(%)

1. A quality 15 0.03

2. B quality 17.5 0.03

3. C quality 15 0.03

Table 1. Moisture content and oil yield of kamedangan


9/17


No.Kamedangan

sample

Moisture

content (%)

Extract yield (%)

MethanolMethanol

toluena (1:2)

Methanol

toluena (2:1)

---- Gaharu extract yield (%) ----

1. A quality 14.47 21.35 22.65 22.81

2. B quality 12.55 20.72 21.50 20.16

3. C quality 13.77 22.30 23.56 22.86

4. D quality 10.58 17.45 17.62 17.70

Table 2. Moisture content and gaharu yield from extraction of kamedangan


10/17


Analysis on chemical components in kamedangan Carvacrol, elemol, caryophyllene, thuja -2,4 (10)

diene,menthatriene, and coumarine.

Analysis on physical and chemical

Ie. Refractive index 1.5068Specific gravity o.8405

Ester number 11.31


11/17


Extraction Mixture of methanol toluene in 1 : 2

portion brought out highest yield of gaharu.

Considering theproduction cost using

methanol solvent much

better (high price of

toluene solvent)

Unfortunatelly organic

solvent cant used yet

as the agarwood

compound standard

Its can solve another

chemical compound like

alkanoids, flavanoids,

oleoresin


12/17


Cone-shape incense Flaming duration of cone-shape took about

17.87 21.53 minute.

The as content = 3.47 3.82%

Moisture content = 7.04 7.12%

Density variate about 0.19 0.27 grms/cm3


13/17


Density (g/cm3)

Ash Content (%)

Moisture Content (%)

Flaming Duration (minutes)

0

5

10

15

20

25

3 6 9 3 6 9 3 6 9 3 69 3 6

93

69

36

93

69

36

9

40

55 70

40

50

70

40

55

70

4

7

10

17,87

17,87 21,53

Density (g/cm3)

Ash Content (%)

Moisture Content (%)

Flaming Duration (minutes)Pressing duration (minutes)

Pressing temperature (C)

Pressure (kg/cm3)

4055

70

40

55

70

40

55

70

4

7

10


14/17


Sources of variance df

Properties

Flaming

duration

Ash

content

Moisture

contentDensity

----------------- F-calculation ----------------

Pressure (A) 2 40.78** 2.08 3.48 118.95**

Pressing duration (B) 2 43.88** 0.50 6.05 3.41

Pressing temperature (C) 2 436.60** 0.62 46.10 26.41**

Interaction :

A x B 4 39.40 0.44 0.38 15.91

A x C 4 3.29 1.47 0.92 0.26

B x C 4 6.70** 0.16 4.43 1.03

A x B x C 8 5.56** 0.22 0.22 0.49

Table 5. Analysis of variance on physical and chemical properties of incense

Remarks: *significant effect (P=0.95); **=very significant effect (P=0.99); ns=no

significant effect


15/17


Intensity of pressure, pressing duration and pressing

temperature growth out significant effects of the flaming

duration.

Ash content was not affected by all treatments.

The best combination treatment = compression intensity at

10 kg/cm3, compression duration 9 minutes, and

compression/pressing temperature 70 C


16/17


17/17

Documents

Agaru Processing