AI를 중심으로cis.catholic.ac.kr/.../AdvancedAI/2017AI_Lecture0928.pdf · 2018. 2. 27. · 제4차 산업혁명과 미래사회: ai를 중심으로 노 상 욱 지능형시스템연구센터

제4차 산업혁명과 미래사회:

AI를 중심으로

노 상 욱

지능형시스템연구센터

컴퓨터정보공학부 가톨릭대학교

목차 인공지능이란?

인공지능을 활용한 연구 프로젝트

지능형 시스템과 관련한 혁명적 사건과 패러다임의 변화

인공지능 기술이 일상생활에 미치는 영향과 유익함에 대한 사례

인공지능 기술이 사람을 대체할 수 있는 직업군

인공지능과 미래사회에 대한 예측

참고문헌

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인공지능이란?

• Minsky

▫ The science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by people

• Genesereth and Nilsson

▫ The study of intelligent behavior

• Charniak

▫ The study of mental faculties through the use of computational models

• Winston

▫ The study of the computations that make it possible to perceive, reason, and act

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Act rationally Think rationally

Act like a human Think like a human

인공지능이란?

?

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인공지능을 활용한 연구 프로젝트 소개

• 국방 무인화 ▫ 전자전에서 자율적인 상황 인지

(국방과학연구소, 2013.10 ~ 2018.12)

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• 국방 무인화 ▫ 협업감시

(국방과학연구소, 2011.12 ~ 2014.5)

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• 국방 무인화 ▫ 실시간 비행시험에서의 좌표 융합

(국방과학연구소, 2014.6 ~ 2016.6)

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• 창의 과학 체험 ▫ 논리적 행동을 위한 추론

(미래창조과학부, 2014.3 ~ 2017.2)

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지능형 시스템과 관련한 혁명적 사건과 패러다임의 변화

Internet Ubiquitous

Portable Music Player (iPod) Smart Devices IoT: phone, pad, notebook

IBM Deep blue IBM Watson

Alpha Go

Data Information Knowledge

1989 1996 2001 2011 2013 2016

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• Self-driving cars • Tesla Model S: Autopilot system (Level 2 vehicle: requiring

human oversight) • BMW 750i xDrive: parking itself with no one • 2015 Infiniti Q50S, 2015 Mercedes-Benz S65AMG: brakes

when the car comes too close to the vehicle, having a lane assist feature

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Photo: Starship Technologies. Starship, an autonomous package delivery vehicle, navigates streets with a built-in 3-D map of the neighborhood, computer-vision software, and GPS. Its six wheels help it stay balanced on bumpy roads and sidewalks and allow it to climb curbs

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Making headlines

• The Associated Press, Fox News, Yahoo, etc.

• Data-driven stories: financial summaries, sports score recaps

• News-writing bot: stock market figures, baseball stats

• Click-o-Tron: adding headlines to short articles

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Intelligent play

• AI has been part of video games for more than 60 years.

• Shooter games, Call of Duty • Analyzing their surroundings to find

objects • Taking actions that might be crucial to

their survival • Space Invaders, 1978

• Computer-generated opponents • The Sims, 2000

• Creating characters, Building houses, and assigning them careers

• A certain degree of free will • Reacting to situations

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For your entertainment

• Streaming services • Netflix, Pandora, Spotify, etc. • Recommending movies and music

based on customers’ past selections • Pandora

• Tagging songs • Attributes: deep bass, dynamic vocals

• Composing • Sony Computer Science Lab: producing

original symphonies • Jazz bot

• Further work • A singer’s imperfect vibrato • A blues musician’s soulful strum of a

bass guitar

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Fraud prevention

• Stopping thieves • A large sample of normal and

fraudulent transactions • For example, making credit card

purchases locally, and buying a high-priced item in other states or country

• AI and its algorithms • Handling more data and doing it faster • Making more accurate and less labor-

intensive • Making much smarter and more

efficient

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Could Augmented Reality Games Have a Positive Impact? • Negatives

• Stepped into traffic • Fell off a cliff • Playing game while driving

• Positives

• Gaming outside and becoming more social

• Benefited some small businesses: Allowing owners of game shops, restaurants, and retailers to declare their buildings as Pokestops

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IBM Watson Makes a Treatment Plan for Brain-Cancer Patient in 10 Minutes; Doctors Take 160 Hours • Taking just 10 minutes to analyze a

brain-cancer patient’s genome and suggest a treatment plan

• Demonstrating the potential of artificially intelligent medicine to improve patient care

• IBM Watson will become a routine part of cancer care because the amount of data that clinicians are dealing with is already overwhelming.

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한국고용정보원 (http://www.keis.or.kr/user/bbs/main/203/2113/bbsDataView/ 32701.do?page=1&column=&search=&searchSDate=&searchEDate=&bbsDataCategory=)

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인공지능과 딥러닝 (마쓰오 유타카, 박기원 역, 동아엠엔비, 2015.12)

10~20년 후까지 남는 직업 순위 10~20년 후에 사라지는 직업

레크레이션 치료사 1 전화 판매원

정비, 설치, 수리 일선 감독자 2 부동산 등기의심사, 조사

위기관리책임자 3 손바느질의 재단사

정신 건강, 약물관련 사회복지사 4 컴퓨터를 사용한 데이터 수집, 가공, 분석

청각 훈련사 5 보험업자

작업 치료사 6 시계수리공

치과 교정사, 의치 기공사 7 화물 취급인

의료사회복지사 8 세무 신고 대행자

구강외과 9 필름 사진 현상 기술자

소방, 방재의 제일선 감독자 10 은행 신규 계좌 개설 담당자

영양사 11 사서 보조원

숙박시설 지배인 12 데이터 입력 작업원

안무가 13 시계 조립, 조정 공학

영업 엔지니어 14 보험 청구 및 보험 계약 대행자

내과, 외과의사 15 증권회사의 일반 사무원

…

…

…

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• Software 와 Hardware 의 비약적인 발전

▫ Computing power의 향상

▫ Ubiquitous (anytime, anywhere)

▫ Internet of Things (smart home, smart city) Big Data

• Rational decision making

▫ Principle of Maximum Expected Utility (PMEU)

An agent is rational iff it chooses the action that yields the highest expected utility, averaged over all the possible outcomes of the action

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• Future work ▫ Bounded Rationality (제한된 이성)

▫ Intuitive decision making (intuition: 직관)

▫ Emotional decision making (emotion: 감정)

▫ Id, ego, super-ego (ego: 자아)

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• 인간의 생활을 편리하게 해줄 수 있는 도구적인 관점에서의 인공지능의 발전

▫ Personal Assistants: maintaining office systems, email, faxes and post, arranging travel, screening phone calls, meeting and greeting visitors, etc.

▫ Transportation: autonomous cars, trucks and, possibly, aerial delivery vehicles

▫ Home/Service Robots: robotic vacuum cleaners, security in live/work spaces with sensors and remote controls

▫ Healthcare: devices to monitor personal health, robot-assisted surgery

▫ Education: Interactive tutoring systems

▫ Entertainment: The conjunction of content creation tools, social networks and AI

▫ Public Safety and Security: Cameras, drones and software to analyze crime patterns and to enhance safety

▫ Employment and Workplace: rapid changes as many existing jobs are lost and new ones are created

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References

• Sanguk Noh’s personal homepage, http://cis.catholic.ac.kr/sunoh/

• IBM Watson Makes a Treatment Plan for Brain-Cancer Patient in 10 Minutes; Doctors Take 160 Hours, By Eliza Strickland, Posted 11 Aug 2017, IEEE SPECTRUM Newsletters.

• Pokémon Go is showing that the technology can bring people together, but it also has drawbacks, By AMANDA DAVIS, 8월 5일 2016, The IEEE news source.

• Robots Could Fulfill Online Orders in Minutes, By MONICA ROZENFELD, 7월 13일 2016, The IEEE news source.

• Tesla Autopilot Crash Exposes Industry Divide, By Mark Harris, 7월 6일 2016, The IEEE news source.

• How Artificial Intelligence Has Crept Into Our Everyday Lives, By AMANDA DAVIS, 6월 8일 2016, The IEEE news source.

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Documents

AI를 중심으로cis.catholic.ac.kr/.../AdvancedAI/2017AI_Lecture0928.pdf · 2018. 2. 27. · 제4차 산업혁명과 미래사회: ai를 중심으로 노 상 욱 지능형시스템연구센터