AJ-601

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THISDOCUMENT/DRAWINGISTHEPROPERTYO

FABBLUMMUSGLOBALB.V.

INCLUDINGALLPATENTEDANDPATENTABLE

FEATURESAND/ORCONFIDENTIALINFORMATIONANDITSUSEISCONDITIONEDUPONTHEUSERSAGREEMENTNOTTOREPRODUCE

THEDOCUMENT/DRAWING,

INWHOLEORINPA

RT,

NORTHEMATERIALDESCRIBEDTHEREON,

NORTOUSETHEDOCUMENT

/DRAWINGFORANYPURPOSEOTHERTHANASSPECIFICALLYPERMITTEDINWRITINGBYABBLUMMUSGLOBALB.V.

ABB Lummus Global B.V.

SPECIFICATION

Client Indian Oil Corporation Limited Always refer to this number

Plant Naphtha Cracer unit !!" #!"$! A%&'#"

Location Panipat( )aryana( India *ept.+,ect. Pro-ect ,pecification

*oc. No. *!"$!&A%'#" /e0. #

Specification For:

PILING

A%&'#"

LGN ,,P 11&1111&11.111 21111&11&113 A%&'#".*OC Pa4e " of "

/V. *A9 *,C/IP9ION P/PA/* C)C:* APP/OV*

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SPECIFICATION

Client rror; /eference source not found Always refer to this number

Plant rror; /eference source not found !!" rror; A%&'#"

Location rror; /eference source not found *ept.+,ect. Pro-ect ,pecification

*oc. No.rror; /eference source /e0.

IN*P O8 PIL,

5.7 ,PACING O8 PIL, $

7. GN/AL /?=I/@N9, $

7." *,IGN $

7.5 @A/:ING

7.7 )AN*LING

7.! /CIVING AN* ,9O/AG

7.6 ,9A:ING O=9

!. ,9L PIL,

!." @A9/IAL,

!.5 ,=/8AC 9/A9@N9 "#

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SPECIFICATION





IN*< 2Contd3

,C9ION PAG

6. P/8AB/ICA9* /IN8O/C* CONC/9 PIL, "#

6." @A9/IAL, "#

6.5 *,IGN O8 /IN8O/C@N9 "#

6.7 8AB/ICA9ION ""

6.! 9OL/ANC, ""

'. P/8AB/ICA9* P/,9/,,* CONC/9 PIL, ""

'." @A9/IAL, ""

'.5 *,IGN O8 /IN8O/C@N9 "5

'.7 8AB/ICA9ION "5

'.! 9OL/ANC, "7

. CA,9&IN&,I9= CONC/9 PIL, "7

." GN/AL "7

.5 @A9/IAL, "7

.7 *,IGN O8 /IN8O/C@N9 "7

.! 9OL/ANC, "7

$. P/*/ILLING "7

. PIL */IVING "!

." GN/AL "!

.5 */IVING ?=IP@N9 "!

.7 ,?=NC O8 PIL */IVING "!

.! */IVING P/OC*=/ "6

.6 PIL PN9/A9ION AN* */IVING /CO/*, "'

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SPECIFICATION





IN*< 2Contd3

,C9ION PAG

.' */IVING 9OL/ANC, "

. @I,*/IVN O/ *A@AG* PIL, "

.$ PIL LNG9)NING "

"#. PIL 9,9ING "$

"#." GN/AL "$

"#.5 PIL CAPACI9I, "$

"#.7 ?=IP@N9 "

"#.! IN,9/=@N9A9ION 5#

"#.6 LOA*ING P/OC*=/ 5#

"#.' /,=L9, 57

"". ?=ALI9> A,,=/ANC AN* CON9/OL 57

""." GN/AL 57

"".5 *OC=@N9, 5!

"".7 IN,PC9ION 5!

LGN ,,P 11&1111&11.111 21111&11&113 A%&'#".*OC Pa4e ! of 5!

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SPECIFICATION





". GN/AL

"." ,COP

"."." 9his specification co0ers the minimum reDuirements for the desi4n( materials( fabrication andinstallation of dri0en and bored piles.

".".5 Related Engineering Specifications

A&'"" Concrete @aterials and Construction.

A:&'#" arthwors.

%&'#" Ci0il+,tructural *esi4n.

IA&'#" Buildin4s 2@inimum *esi4n /eDuirements for Architectural Eor3.

%B&'"" ,tructural ,teelwor 2@aterials( 8abrication and rection3.

".5 *8INI9ION,

8or the purpose of this specification( the followin4 definitions shall hold;

Client ; Indian oil Corporation Ltd.

Contractor ; 9he party which carries out en4ineerin4 2if applicable3( supply ofmaterials( fabrication and installation+construction.

,upplier ; Any manufacturer or supplier who is appointed by the client orcontractor and responsible for the supply of materials or eDuipment orser0ices.

,hall ; Is to be understood as mandatory.

,hould ; Is to be understood as stron4ly recommended.

@ay be ; Is to be understood as 4i0in4 a freedom of choice.

".7 /G=LA9O/> /?=I/@N9,

".7." 9he wor co0ered in this specification shall comply with all rele0ant 4o0ernmental and locallaws( specifications( re4ulations and standards.

".7.5 8or sub-ects not co0ered by re4ulations( codes and standards or specifications( the desi4n(material( fabrication and erection shall be based on 4ood economical en4ineerin4 practice(sub-ect to appro0al by client.

".! APPLICABL CO*, AN* ,9AN*A/*,

9he followin4 codes 2includin4 applicable addenda3 and standards shall constitute the minimumreDuirements for this specification. 9he latest edition of codes( standards( etc.( shall be used.

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SPECIFICATION





".!." Codes and Standards

I,;!6' Code of Practice for Plain and /einforced Concrete

I,;"5##&Part 57 @ethod of measurement of Buildin4 and Ci0il en4ineerin4 worsF Pilin4.

I,;"$' )i4h ,tren4th deformed ,teel bars and Eires for Concrete/einforcement.

I,;5#'5 ,teel for General ,tructural Purposes.

I,;57$'&Part " thru Part $ @ethods of 9est for A44re4ates for Concrete.

I,;6"5" ,afety Code for Pilin4 and other *eep 8oundations.

I,;$""5 ,pecification for !7 Grade ordinary Portland Cement.

I,;"#5'5 /ecommended 4uide lines for Concrete @i1 desi4n.

I,;"##&Part " and Part 5 @ethods of samplin4 of ,teel for Prestressed and /einforcedconcrete.

".!.5 In case of conflict between abo0e&mentioned codes and standards and this specification(

contractor shall inform client( who will ad0ise.

Ehere uropean or American codes+standards are referred to in this specification( eDui0alentlocal codes and standards may be substituted( sub-ect to appro0al by client.

".6 =NI9,

".6." =nits shall be in accordance with the metric 2,I3 system;

le0ations ; meter 2m3.

*imensions ; millimeter 2mm3.

8orce ; ilonewton 2N3.

@ass ; ilo4ram 243.

@oment ; ilonewton meter 2Nm3.

,tress ; newton+mm 2N+mm3 or me4apascal 2@Pa3.

Pressure ; ilopascal 2Pa3.

Loadin4s ; ilonewton+m 2N+m3.

".6.5 8or simplification purposes( one 2"3 4 wei4ht may be taen as eDual to "# N 2#.#"# N3.

".' ,I9 CON*I9ION,

".'." 8or 4eneral site and desi4n data( refer to 4eotechnical in0esti4ation report.

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SPECIFICATION





".'.5 9he 4eotechnical in0esti4ation report( includin4 pile bearin4 and horiHontal load capacities( shallbe supplied by client. Any additional 4eotechnical information and+or ad0ice reDuired bycontractor to carry out the wor shall be obtained by contractor.

".'.7 A suitably Dualified sur0eyor should locate e1istin4 under4round obstacles in the area of interestto determine potential conflicts with pilin4.,hould such conflicts be found( wors shall not proceed until client ad0ises contractor re4ardin4methods to o0ercome these conflicts.

". NVI/ON@N9AL CLA,,

Applicable en0ironmental class to be in accordance with local and 4o0ernmental re4ulations.

5. ,LC9ION O8 PIL,

5." GN/AL

5."." 9he main function of bearin4 piles is to transfer the loads on a foundation to deeper 2soil3 stratawhich are capable of carryin4 such loads( in such a way that;

An adeDuate safety factor a4ainst loss of stability is pro0ided.

9he foundation settlement+deformation is less than the allowable 0alues of the

foundation and the eDuipment supported.

5.".5 9he desi4n and testin4 of piles shall tae into account both short&term and lon4&term beha0ior ofthe pile foundation.

5.5 9>P O8 PIL,

5.5." 9he type of piles with re4ard to material 2steel( cast&in&situ or precast concrete3 and method ofinstallation shall be as called for on desi4n drawin4s and as recommended by appro0ed pilin4specialist.

5.5.5 9he type of pile to be used is defined by type of loadin4( the soil conditions( such as dri0abilityand corrosi0ity of soil( possibility of tension stresses in the pile due to hea0e and also the siteconditions( such as effect upon nearby plant and e1istin4 wors.

*ri0en prefabricated piles shall be applied where0er possible.

5.5.7 9he choice with re4ard to end bearin4( friction( or partly friction and partly bearin4 type of pilesshall be determined in accordance with 4eotechnical data recommendations and shall be asspecified by the 4eotechnical in0esti4ation report.

5.5.! If more than one type of pile is suitable in any particular condition( then the choice shall be4o0erned by relati0e costs.

5.5.6 Ehate0er type of pile is used( it should ha0e the necessary stren4th when installed to transferthe loads imposed on it to the soil.

5.5.' /aed piles shall be a0oided where possible and shall be pro0ided to resist horiHontal forceswhere the latter cannot be resisted by piled foundations on 0ertical piles.

LGN ,,P 11&1111&11.111 21111&11&113 A%&'#".*OC Pa4e of 5!

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SPECIFICATION





5.5. Neutral earth resistance on pile caps( 4round beams( etc.( may be taen into account inassessin4 the foundations ability to resist horiHontal forces.

5.7 ,PACING O8 PIL,

9he minimum center&to&center spacin4 of piles shall be as follows( unless otherwise specified inthe 4eotechnical in0esti4ation report;

8or friction piles; Not less than three pile diameters.

8or piles deri0in4 their resistance from end bearin4; not less than twice the least

width or diameter of the pile.

Piles deri0in4 their resistance from both end bearin4 and sin friction; Not less

than three pile diameters.

7. GN/AL /?=I/@N9,

7." *,IGN

7."." 9he contractor is responsible for performin4 pile reinforcement calculations( all in accordancewith the applicable codes and re4ulations.

7.".5 9he contractor is responsible for obtainin4 all information reDuired for the calculation of the pilereinforcement. Calculations shall incorporate the followin4 load cases and reDuirements;

9ransport+fabrication of piles.

Loadin4s durin4 pile dri0in4.

Additional load due to ne4ati0e sin friction to be added to the desi4n capacities

for each pile.

,afety factor for pile capacity 2includin4 positi0e or ne4ati0e sin friction3 shall

be;

7.# for end bearin4.

5.6 for sin friction in compression.

5.# for sin friction in tension.

,afety factor for transport of prefabricated piles shall be 5.#.

,afety factor for liftin4 2in pile dri0in4 eDuipment3 shall be 5.# with pile tip on the

4round and ".! with pile tip on a lorry.

All safety factors shall be in accordance with the latest applicable codes and

re4ulations and shall be confirmed by the contractor.

7.".7 Liftin4 points shall be specified by the contractor.

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SPECIFICATION





7.5 @A/:ING

7.5." After a prefabricated concrete pile has been cast( the date of castin4( reference number( siHesand where appropriate( the prestressin4 force shall be clearly inscribed on a label near the top.

7.5.5 Liftin4 and support point shall be indicated on the shaft of the piles.

7.5.7 ach prefabricated concrete pile shall be mared at inter0als of 5## mm alon4 the top 6 m of itslen4th before bein4 dri0en.

7.5.! 9est piles shall be mared at inter0als of 5## mm o0er the full len4th.

7.5.6 ach prefabricated concrete pile shall recei0e a color marin4 on top. Piles with standardreinforcement shall 4et a 4reen mar( while piles with e1tra reinforcement shall be mared inpurple.

7.7 )AN*LING

7.7." 9he method and seDuence of liftin4( transportin4 from the factory to the construction site andstorin4 of piles shall be such that the piles are not dama4ed. Only the desi4ned liftin4 andsupport points shall be used.

*urin4 transport and stora4e( piles shall be stored on adeDuate supports located under the liftin4points of the piles.

7.7.5 Contractor has to prepare and submit handlin4 procedures to client for appro0al before startin4the wor.

7.7.7 Client shall inspect each pile when it is deli0ered on the construction site. Piles which aredama4ed to such an e1tent that( in the opinion of client( their structural inte4rity is impaired orliely to be impaired durin4 the dri0in4( will be re-ected by client.

7.! /CIVING AN* ,9O/AG

7.!." ,tora4e facilities for piles must be installed on site as a part of the pile wors. =pon receipt( pilesmust be inspected by client( material recei0in4 reports made and issued. In case of dama4e(dama4ed piles shall be remo0ed from construction site.

7.!.5 Piles shall not be staced in more than four layers( with wooden cribbin4 installed so lower pileis free from the 4round.

7.!.7 All piles within a stac shall be in 4roups of the same type. Pacin4s of uniform thicness shallbe pro0ided between piles at the liftin4 points.

7.6 ,9A:ING O=9

7.6." Contractor must stae out the locations of the piles. ,taes shall be numbered and color&coded

in accordance with the numberin4 on the pilin4 drawin4s.

!. ,9L PIL,

LGN ,,P 11&1111&11.111 21111&11&113 A%&'#".*OC Pa4e of 5!

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SPECIFICATION





!." @A9/IAL,

!."." All materials and wor shall be in accordance with en4ineerin4 specification %B&'"".

!.".5 =nless otherwise specified( 4rade of steel for )&profiles shall be weldable ordinary structuralsteel of Grade 8e !"#EB( all accordin4 to I,;5#'5 or B, N "##56 2Grade 8e !7#B3. Allstructural steel pipes shall be Grade >st&5!# to code I,;""'". Pipes shall be either seamless ormill welded. ,piral&welded pipe is not acceptable. ,ection siHes and len4ths shall be as indicatedon the drawin4s.

!.".7 9he 4rade of steel for splice plates( caps and dri0in4 points shall be the same as that of the steel

section. Connections should be all welded to the details shown on the drawin4s.

!.".! Protecti0e coatin4s where reDuired( shall be as indicated on the drawin4s. Len4th of coatin4 shall beindicated on the drawin4s.

!.5 ,=/8AC 9/A9@N9

,urfaces due to recei0e a protecti0e coatin4 shall be blast cleaned( prior to application of thecoatin4( which shall then be applied in accordance with the suppliers instructions. Areasmodified within the coated len4th( such as at cutoffs and at splices with plates welded( shall berecoated usin4 materials and methods compatible with the e1istin4 coatin4. Curin4 should beallowed to tae place before pile installation.

6. P/8AB/ICA9* /IN8O/C* CONC/9 PIL,

6." @A9/IAL,

6."." All materials and wor shall be in accordance with en4ineerin4 specification A&'"".

6.".5 9he concrete mi1es shall be in accordance with I,;!6' and I,"#5'5. Concrete 4rade; @!6.

6.".7 Cement type shall be in accordance with I,;$""5.

6.".! A44re4ate shall be in accordance with I,;7$7 and I,;57$'.

6.".6 /einforcin4 Duality shall be in accordance with I,;"$' with minimum characteristic yieldstren4th of !"6 N+mm.

6.5 *,IGN O8 /IN8O/C@N9

6.5." 9he co0er to reinforcement( includin4 bindin4 wire( shall not be less than !# mm for fullyembedded piles in the 4round and not less than 6# mm for piles installed in or abo0e openwater.

6.5.5 9he steel reinforcement shall be desi4ned in such a way that the crac width of the concrete willremain less than #.5 mm under all loadin4 conditions.

6.5.7 Local bars for resistin4 bendin4 moments may be added but shall be so arran4ed as to a0oid asudden discontinuity of the reinforcin4 steel which could lead to cracin4 durin4 hea0y dri0in4.

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SPECIFICATION





6.5.! Lateral reinforcement which is of particular importance in resistin4 dri0in4 stresses( shall be notless than ' mm diameter( securely fi1ed to the main reinforcement.Lateral reinforcement should be not less than #.'J of the 4ross 0olume( applied o0er a distanceof three pile diameters from each end of the pile.

6.5.6 Lateral reinforcement in the body of the pile shall be not less than #.5J( spaced at not more thanhalf the diameter of the pile. 9he transition between the close spacin4 near the ends and thema1imum spacin4 should be made 4radually o0er a len4th eDual to about three times thediameter.

6.5.' If -oints to main lon4itudinal bars are reDuired( they shall be sta44ered and preferably be made

by full penetration butt&weldin4.

6.7 8AB/ICA9ION

6.7." 9he fabrication shall be e1ecuted in accordance with en4ineerin4 specification A&'"".

6.7.5 9he Duantities and siHes of the piles are as specified in the pilin4 contract documents.

6.7.7 8orms shall be adeDuately supported to pre0ent settlement or sa44in4 durin4 fabrication.

6.7.! Corners and dri0in4 head of sDuare piles shall ha0e 56 mm chamfers unless otherwise called foron desi4n drawin4s.

6.7.6 9he dri0in4 head shall be perpendicular to a1is of pile.

6.7.' @ain lon4itudinal bars shall e1tend to the head of the pile.

6.7. An electric control wire in each pile shall be installed in order to ensure that pile is undama4ed afterprefabrication( transport and installation.

6.7.$ Concrete shall be placed continuously for each pile to a0oid cold -oints.

6.7. 1posed( unformed concrete surfaces should be floated and li4htly toweled.

6.7."# 9he piles shall be clean and smooth.

6.! 9OL/ANC,

9he cur0ature alon4 the a1is of the pile shall not e1ceed " mm+m of len4th.

'. P/8AB/ICA9* P/,9/,,* CONC/9 PIL,

'." @A9/IAL,

'."." All materials and wor shall be in accordance with en4ineerin4 specification A&'"".

'.".5 9he concrete mi1es shall be in accordance with I,;!6' and I,"#5'5. Concrete 4rade; @76

'.".7 Cement type shall be in accordance with I,;$""5.

'.".! A44re4ate shall be in accordance with I,;7$7 and I,;57$'.

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SPECIFICATION





'.".6 Reinforcing Quality

8or nonprestressed steel accordin4 with I,;"$' with minimum characteristic yield

stren4th of !"6 N+mm.

8or prestressed steel accordin4 to I,;"$' and I,;"## F Part "( shall ha0e a minimum

nominal tensile stren4th of "6## N+mm.

'.5 *,IGN O8 /IN8O/C@N9

'.5." 9he co0er to reinforcement( includin4 bindin4 wire( shall not be less than !# mm for fully embeddedpiles in the 4round and not less than 6# mm for piles installed in or abo0e open water.

'.5.5 9he steel reinforcement shall be desi4ned in such a way that the crac width of the concrete willremain less than #.#6 mm under all loadin4 conditions.

'.5.7 Local bars for resistin4 bendin4 moments may be added but shall be so arran4ed as to a0oid asudden discontinuity of the reinforcin4 steel which could lead to cracin4 durin4 hea0y dri0in4.

'.5.! ,ufficient prestressin4 steel shall be pro0ided in the form of hi4h&tensile wire( strand or bar so thatthe effecti0e prestress after losses is sufficient to resist all loadin4 conditions.

'.5.6 =nder normal loadin4 conditions tensile stren4th of prestressed reinforcement shall be 6#J of thema1imum allowable tensile stren4th.

Prestressin4 strands should be enclosed in spirals minimum 6 mm diameter. ,piral pitch

should be a minimum of "6# mm in the middle part of the pile and 6 mm at the ends 2o0era len4th of three pile diameters3.

@inimum effecti0e prestress after losses should be 6 N+mm.

'.7 8AB/ICA9ION

'.7." 9he fabrication shall be e1ecuted in accordance with en4ineerin4 specification A&'"".

'.7.5 9he Duantities and siHes of the piles are as specified in the pilin4 contract documents.

'.7.7 8orms shall be adeDuately supported to pre0ent settlement or sa44in4 durin4 fabrication.

'.7.! Corners and dri0in4 head of sDuare piles shall ha0e 56 mm chamfers unless otherwise called for ondesi4n drawin4s.

'.7.6 9he dri0in4 head shall be perpendicular to a1is of pile.

'.7.' All prestress wires shall be flush with the head.

'.7. An electric control wire in each pile shall be installed in order to ensure that pile is undama4ed after

prefabrication( transport and installation.

'.7.$ Concrete shall be placed continuously for each pile to a0oid cold -oints.

'.7. 1posed( unformed concrete surfaces should be floated and li4htly troweled.

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SPECIFICATION





'.7."# 9he piles shall be clean and smooth.

'.! 9OL/ANC,

9he cur0ature alon4 the a1is of the pile shall not e1ceed " mm+m len4th.

. CA,9&IN&,I9= CONC/9 PIL,

." GN/AL

9he types of piles to be used shall be selected on the basis of the site and loadin4 conditions.Contractor may propose alternati0es to the types indicated on the desi4n drawin4s.

.5 @A9/IAL,

.5." All materials and wor shall be in accordance with en4ineerin4 specification A&'"".

.5.5 9he concrete mi1es shall be in accordance with I,;!6' and I,"#5'5. Concrete 4rade; @56

.5.7 Cement type shall be in accordance with I,;$""5..

.5.! A44re4ate shall be in accordance with I,;7$7 and I,;57$'.

.5.6 /einforcin4 Duality shall be in accordance with I,;"$'( with minimum characteristic yieldstren4th of !"6 N+mm.

.7 *,IGN O8 /IN8O/C@N9

.7." 9op part of pile 2o0er minimum ' m3 shall ha0e lon4itudinal reinforcement.

.7.5 9he steel reinforcement shall be desi4ned in such a way that the crac width of the concrete willremain less than #.5 mm under all loadin4 conditions.

.7.7 9he co0er to reinforcement( includin4 bindin4 wire( shall not be less than !# mm.

.! 9OL/ANC,

9he cur0ature alon4 the a1is of the pile shall not e1ceed " mm+m len4th.

$. P/*/ILLING

$." In areas with under4round obstacles of which the e1act location is not nown( predrillin4 should bee1ecuted.

$.5 Predrillin4 comprises a number of drillin4s to locate these obstacles.

$.7 *rill reDuirements are;

*rill diameter shall not e1ceed eDui0alent pile diameter. *iameter shall not e1ceed !## mm.

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SPECIFICATION





9he a0era4e drill depth shall be not deeper than 6 m abo0e toe ele0ation of the pile.

8luidiHed drillin4 will not be allowed.

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SPECIFICATION





. PIL */IVING

." GN/AL

."." A pile dri0in4 procedure( which includes the minimum blow count( description of load tests whenreDuired( shall be established by contractor. No pile dri0in4 acti0ities are allowed until appro0al isrecei0ed from client.

.".5 Piles shall not be dri0en until the concrete has achie0ed the specified characteristic stren4th.

.".7 Before the start of pile dri0in4( the reDuired e1ca0ation wor shall be done in accordance with

en4ineerin4 specification A:&'#".

.".! 9he installation of piles and the seDuence of dri0in4 shall be in accordance with the rele0ant desi4ndrawin4s and reDuirements.

.".6 Piles shall be dri0en 0ertically( e1cept where noted on the desi4n drawin4s.

.".' Piles shall be dri0en within the tolerances set forth in subsection .' of this specification.

.". Piles dama4ed durin4 dri0in4 shall be repaired or replaced as directed by client.

.5 */IVING ?=IP@N9

.5." ner4y of the dri0in4 hammer shall be ad-ustable and set to the reDuirements for the pile type.

.5.5 9he contractor shall submit records of the type of ri4 and pile hammer he intends to use( indicatin4wei4ht( ener4y per blow( drop hei4ht( etc.

.5.7 Pile dri0in4 and liftin4 eDuipment ensurin4 stability durin4 handlin4( liftin4 and installin4 of the piles(shall be strictly as stated in contractorKs tender.

.5.! *ri0in4 of each pile shall start with new cushion material in the pile cap.

.5.6 In haHardous areas( plastic dollies or other appro0ed type shall be used for safety purposes.

.7 ,?=NC O8 PIL */IVING

.7." 9he seDuence of dri0in4 piles shall be as a4reed with client before commencement of any wor andcontractor may be reDuested by client to ad-ust its seDuence.

.7.5 In 4eneral( the first pile shall be dri0en close to the location of a CP9 2if a0ailable3.

.7.7 If pile dri0in4 has to be carried out on a slopin4 surface( dri0in4 shall start at the hi4her parts.

.7.! Piles in a lar4e 4roup should be either dri0en pro4ressi0ely from one side to the other or outwardfrom the center of the 4roup. 9he final dri0in4 seDuence shall be determined after detailed pilin4plan is a0ailable.

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.! */IVING P/OC*=/

.!." ach pile shall be dri0en continuously until the specified or appro0ed set and+or depth has beenreached and to the minimum specified blow count and( if applicable( when the pile tip has reachedthe bearin4 Hone.

.!.5 If refusal is encountered abo0e the bearin4 Hone( the pile dri0in4 system and+or installationprocedure shall be ad-usted in order to achie0e the specified depth.

.!.7 If a pile does not meet the specified blow count( if applicable( within the bearin4 Hone( dri0in4 shallcontinue until the specified minimum blow count is achie0ed o0er a one meter inter0al. Alternati0ely(

these piles may be accepted if selecti0e pile load tests do support that these piles ha0e sufficientcapacity at the specified depths.

.!.! *urin4 dri0in4 of piles to a specified toe ele0ation( the pilin4 specialist shall carry out a continuouschec of the beha0ior of each pile and he will calculate( if necessary( by usin4 )IL> or otherappro0ed formula( that each pile will reach the capacity reDuired at the depth specified.

.!.6 9he penetration depth into the bearin4 soil layer( if applicable( shall be 7 1 diameter of pile or 7 1 thedimension of a side in case of a sDuare pile.

.!.' At all sta4es durin4 dri0in4 the piles shall be adeDuately supported and restrained by means ofleaders( trestles( temporary supports or other 4uide arran4ements to maintain position andali4nment and to pre0ent buclin4. 9hese arran4ements shall be such that dama4e to the pile does

not occur.

.!. 9o pre0ent dama4e to the pile durin4 dri0in4( the contractor shall ensure that the pile hammer isproperly centered o0er the pile( the steel co0er 2pile cap3 o0er the pile head fits properly 25# mm plyma1imum3( the wooden fillin4 2two 253 layers of pinewood3 has the proper thicness 2"5# mm atleast3 and that this fillin4 is replaced as reDuired.

.!.$ In case the pile drifts away durin4 the dri0in4( the pile hammer shall be recentered o0er the pile topre0ent unnecessary stresses.

.!. Piles shall be dri0en only. Pullin4( -ettin4( -acin4 of piles into the reDuired position shall not bepermitted.

.!."# Ehere penetration of the pile is suddenly resisted by under4round obstructions( such as buriedrocs( the pile contractor shall stop pile dri0in4 and brin4 this condition immediately to the attentionof client for resolution.

.!."" Ehere piles are of the dri0en type and the spacin4 and 4round conditions are such that 4roundhea0e is liely( the resultin4 amount of uplift and lateral mo0ement of the piles shall be recorded bymeans of le0els and positions taen on each pile each day( o0er a period a4reed betweencontractor and client.Piles which hea0e more than 56 mm shall be reseated to their ori4inal ele0ation.

.!."5 An ele0ation shall be taen on each pile as soon as it has been dri0en and ele0ations shall a4ain betaen on all piles after completion of dri0in4.

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.6 PIL PN9/A9ION AN* */IVING /CO/*,

.6." Penetration and dri0in4 records shall be ept by the contractor and shall be supplied 2daily3 to theclient.

.6.5 9he pile installation lo4 boo records shall include( but not be limited to( the followin4 information;

a. Pile number as shown on desi4n drawin4 and seDuence of installation.

b. Number of piles installed per type with location.

c. 9ype of pile.

d. *imensions of pile.

e. *ate of manufacture.

f. *ate and time of dri0in4.

4. 8inal tip ele0ation.

h. 8inal top ele0ation.

i. Grade ele0ation at time of dri0in4.

-. /eference ele0ation.

. 9ype of pile dri0in4 eDuipment.

l. @ae( type and wei4ht of hammer( and suppliers rated ener4y per blow if applicable.

m. ,troe of hammer.

n. Blow counts of the last fi0e meters( each 5## mm.

o. 8or each pile nearest to a Cone Penetration 9est 2CP93 location( blow counts shall berecorded o0er the total len4th of the pile( and these blow counts shall be presented in a

4raph to4ether with the rele0ant CP9.

p. ,pecial obser0ations durin4 pile dri0in4( such as inter0als in dri0in4( crushin4 of the pilematerial( replacement of casin4( etc.

.6.7 If piles ha0e to be e1tended( the dri0in4 record will also show;

/estart dri0in4 data.

1tended len4th.

8inal tip ele0ation.

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.' */IVING 9OL/ANC,

.'." Piles shall be dri0en to the specified positions within the followin4 tolerances;

9he ma1imum de0iation from the specified slope shall not e1ceed "J

2"# mm+m3 of the pile len4th or any section of the len4th measured when the pile isabo0e4round in the leads.

On completion of the dri0in4 the horiHontal tolerances of pile location shall be

within the followin4 de0iations;

6# mm for piles siHes of ma1imum 56# mm.

6 mm for piles siHes abo0e 56# mm.

Abo0e tolerances to be measured at cut&off ele0ations.

.'.5 9he contractor shall prepare a table showin4 the de0iation of e0ery pile from its e1act reDuiredposition and forward this information to the client.

. @I,*/IVN O/ *A@AG* PIL,

.." In case the location of a pile is outside the allowable tolerances( client will decide whether the pile

location is acceptable or if additional pile2s3 ha0e to be dri0en or structural modifications may bereDuired.

..5 If a pile is dama4ed durin4 pile dri0in4 acti0ities( client will decide whether the pile can be repairedor if the pile shall be cut off and abandoned. 9he decision of client shall be bindin4.

..7 *ama4ed dri0en concrete piles shall be tested 2when reDuired3 with the Acoustic Ea0e @ethod(e1ecuted by an appro0ed 4eotechnical specialist.

.$ PIL LNG9)NING

.$." Nonprestressed Concrete Piles

A lap shall be formed by strippin4 reinforcement of surroundin4 concrete for a distance of forty timesthe diameter of the lon4itudinal bars. 9hey shall be thorou4hly cleaned and all lateral reinforcementremo0ed.

Additional reinforcement shall be placed in position( securely fi1ed or welded to main bars and thepile e1tended by concretin4 in properly formed molds to the reDuired len4th.

.$.5 Prestressed Concrete Piles

Prestressed concrete piles may only be len4thened usin4 appro0ed steel couplin4s.

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"#. PIL 9,9ING"#." GN/AL

"#."." A number of piles may be selected by the client for testin4.

"#.".5 9he results of the inte4rity tests shall be used as basis to decide on additional pile load tests orreplacement. ClientKs appro0al is to be obtained.

"#.".7 9ests shall be made both( before and durin4 the schedule pile installation.

9ypes and pile tests are as follows;

=ltimate load test;

Vertical compression ; 5 1 worin4 load.

Vertical tension ; 5 1 worin4 load.

)oriHontal ; 5 1 worin4 load.

Proof load test;

Vertical compression ; "M 1 worin4 load.

Vertical tension ; "M 1 worin4 load.

)oriHontal ; "M 1 worin4 load.

=ltimate load tests should all be carried out on preliminary piles. Proof load tension tests should alsobe carried out on preliminary piles. Other proof load tests should be carried out on worin4 piles.9he locations of preliminary piles should be shown on the drawin4s. 9hese should be finally cut off aminimum of 7## mm below pile cap le0el.

"#.5 PIL CAPACI9I,

Pile capacities( i.e. allowable worin4 loads should be confirmed by the ultimate load tests asfollows;

Pile 0ertical capacity;

Ehen determined or confirmed by a loadin4 test( the allowable pile capacity should be 6#Jof the ultimate load( but should in no case e1ceed the load which produces a net mo0ementof #.7 mm per "# N of 4ross load applied.

Pile uplift capacity;

9he test should be arran4ed so that uplift pile capacities are measured simultaneously with0ertical loadin4 capacities. =plift capacities shall be determined as for abo0e 0erticalloads.

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Pile lateral capacity;

Piles should be tested for lateral desi4n capacity in accordance with the followin4procedure;

9he test load should be 5##J of the proposed worin4 lateral load on the pile and produce(at first cycle( no more than "5 mm lateral mo0ement. 9he lateral mo0ement at the pilecutoff ele0ation should be less than 6 mm when tested with the proposed worin4 load.

"#.7 ?=IP@N9

Contractor is responsible for the desi4n( procurement and construction of all structural detailsreDuired for the tests.

)eads of piles should be prepared to recei0e test eDuipment as follows;

8or steel piles

A steel test plate of appropriate thicness for the loads should be set on the pile soas to obtain full bearin4. 9he siHe of the test plate should be not less than the widthof the pile( nor less than the area co0ered by the force&applyin4 apparatus. 9he testplate should be welded to the pile.

8or concrete piles

Piles should be capped with a concrete head of suitable siHe( reinforced todistribute the loads e0enly onto the pile shafts.

8or other piles

,imilar preparation should tae place.

)ydraulic %ac and 9ransfer Beam

Vertical compression or tension loads should be applied a1ially to the test piles( with caretaen to minimiHe eccentric loadin4s. A sufficiently stron4 test beam should be centered

o0er the test pile to achie0e this( to4ether with hydraulic -ac.

/eaction ,ystem

8or 0ertical compression loads the beam can be reacted a4ainst either

entled4e or nei4hborin4 tension pile.

8or 0ertical tension loads the beams can be reacted a4ainst either preliminary

or worin4 piles.

8or horiHontal loads reaction may be achie0ed by -acin4 a4ainst entled4e.

Eith client appro0al two 253 piles may be -aced apart to achie0e the sameresult.

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"#.! IN,9/=@N9A9ION

9he main ob-ecti0e of the load tests is to deri0e load&displacement cur0es from the results.9herefore durin4 testin4 measurements should be taen for load( displacement and time.

Loads

Loads applied to the pile head can be monitored by one 2"3 of the followin4 instruments;

Calibrated pressure 4au4e 2the normal case3.

lectrical oil pressure transducer in the hydraulic system.

Calibrated load cells.

,train 4au4es installed on the pile.

*isplacement

9his can be monitored by one 2"3 of the followin4;

@icrometer 2the normal case3.

Accurate optical le0el de0ice.

lectrical displacement transducer.

Variations in temperature should be monitored throu4hout the test( to ascertain the influence upontest results. Duipment should be protected a4ainst weather conditions in an appropriate manner.

Instrumentation should be arran4ed in such a manner that it can be con0eniently obser0ed from asin4le position.Before the start of testin4( calibration certification for instrumentation should be submitted to client.

"#.6 LOA*ING P/OC*=/

9est piles should be of the same type and installed with the same eDuipment as worin4 piles. 9estsshould be carried out durin4 the normal pilin4 contract and with clientKs present and should notreDuire a separate mobiliHation.

"#.6." Vertical Copression !oad Test

It is recommended that either method A or method B be followed.

@ethod A

In principle the pile should be loaded to ".6 to 5.# times the worin4 load in eDual loadin4 steps.=nloadin4 should tae place after e0ery load step( to 4ather information on load&displacementbeha0ior in 4eneral and elastic+plastic displacements in particular.

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9he followin4 steps are proposed for loadin4 to ".6 worin4 load;

#.56 & #.6# & # .6# & #.6 & # .6 & ".## & # &".## & ".56 & # &".56 & ".6# & #( etc.( times the worin4 load.

It mi4ht be necessary to unload to( for e1ample( #." times the worin4 load instead of #.# to pre0entmo0ement at the loadin4 frame relati0e to the pile.

Eorin4 load is defined as the allowable load accordin4 to pile desi4n plusne4ati0e friction on compression piles if applicable.

Load ,tep Period.

Piles can be loaded up re4ularly and reasonably fast. Ee recommend that the shortest ofthe followin4 criteria is applied for each new load.

Constant for three 273 hours.

Constant until pile head mo0ement is smaller than #." mm+5# minutes.

@ethod B

9he pile should be pro4ressi0ely loaded as follows;

9he load should be maintained at each sta4e for the period indicated or until mo0ement under thespecific loads has ceased completely( whiche0er is the lon4er period.

@o0ement may be considered as ceased when it is continuin4 at no more than the followin4 rates;

#." mm+5# minutes.

/ate of Loadin4J of Eorin4 Load 9ime

56 " hour 6# " hour 6 " hour "## ' hours 6 "# minutes 6# "# minutes 56 "# minutes # "# minutes"## ' hours"56 " hour "6# 5! hours"6 " hour

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5## ' hours "6 "# minutes "6# "# minutes "56 "# minutes"## "# minutes 6 "# minutes 6# "# minutes

56 "# minutes

Note; 8or preliminary piles only.

"#.6.5 Vertical Tension !oad Test

Procedure should be similar to the pre0ious test but with the followin4 applicable;

Criterion for mo0ement ceasin4; #." mm+'# minutes.


6# " hour "## " hour "6# ' hours"## "# minutes 6# "# minutes # &

Load to 5##J as appropriate.

"#.6.7 )oriHontal Load 9est

Procedure should be similar to pre0ious test but with the followin4 applicable;

Criterion for mo0ement ceasin4; #." mm in '# minutes.


6# " hour "## " hour "6# !$ hours"## "# minutes 6# "# minutes # &

Load to 5##J as appropriate.

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"#.' /,=L9,

9he settlement or mo0ement of piles under test loads shall be measured and recorded oncompletion of each loadin4 sta4e and e0ery three 273 hours where the load period e1ceedsone 2"3 hour( but does not e1ceed twel0e 2"53 hours( thereafter e0ery twel0e 2"53 hours.

All results should be forwarded to client in an a4reed format.

Any necessary interpretation of test results will be made by client. ,hould test results warrant( client

may modify installation procedures and criteria( or the desi4n load capacities of piles.

"". ?=ALI9> A,,=/ANC AN* CON9/OL

""." GN/AL

""."." 9he appointed contractor should ensure the Duality of wor in respect of both wormanship andmaterials. 9here shall be an element of self&certification 2Duality plan3 and this shall be formaliHed bysubmissions to client. ,pecific reDuirements are as follows;

@ethod ,tatements.

Contractor should submit method statements 2plans3 for the followin4( fully detailin4

eDuipment and materials to be used;

Pile installation.

Pile testin4.

Eormanship.

Contractor should employ Dualified personnel( fully e1perienced in the wor to be carriedout.

@aterials Certificates and 9ests.

"".".5 Contractor shall submit certificates( before wor starts( for all materials to be used in the wors.

"".".7 8or steel piles certified mill tests reports shall be ept on file by the contractor for inspection by theclient.

"".".! 8or concrete piles 2prefabricated and cast&in situ3 material certificates shall be submitted for;

,and( 4ra0el and stone materials.

Cement.

/einforcin4 steel.

"".".6 Contractor shall cast sufficient concrete cylinders or cubes( dependin4 on what the desi4n has beenbased and mae the reDuired tests as per the reDuirements stipulated in the applicable code. 9hedetailed record of the tests shall show the results that the specified concrete stren4th has beenreached. Copies of this record shall be submitted to the client within three worin4 days.

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"".".' If any test specimen fails to meet the specified concrete stren4th( contractor shall carry out newtests for the already cast piles of the related batch. If the new tests fail a4ain( contractor shall brin4this condition immediately to the attention of the client for resolution.

"".". In the case of proprietary products( full catalo4ue details should be forwarded. 8or steel fabrication(shop drawin4s should be submitted.

"".".$ Contractor shall employ the ser0ices of an independent materials testin4 laboratory. A testin4pro4ram shall be a4reed at the start of the contract. 9est reports demonstratin4 compliance with thespecification shall be submitted to client upon completion of pilin4 wor. 9he test reports shall be theproperty of the client.

"".5 *OC=@N9,

Pilin4 contractor shall pro0ide followin4 documents;

Pile Lo4s.

Pile lo4s shall be submitted daily to the client 2see also section 3.

Load 9est /eport.

Contractor shall submit a report of the pile tests carried out( the scope of which shall bea4reed with the client 2see also section "#3.

,tructural steel acceptance forms.

Concrete tests reports.

As&built *rawin4s

Contractor shall submit a mared&up drawin4 4i0in4 full details of actual piles installed.

"".7 IN,PC9ION

"".7." Client reser0es the ri4ht of inspection of the wor by the client durin4 all phases of the wor.

"".7.5 Contractor shall eep a competent representati0e at the wor fully authoriHed to act for him andrecei0e such orders as may 4i0en for proper continuation of the wor.

Documents

AJ-601