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)22( - 651-751 . "" "" . "" "" .. . : Malek Ben Nabi : Vocation de L'Islam . )32( - 55 )42( - 851-951 )52( - . : " ) " 702( )62( - : 54-55 )72( - : 291 )82( - : 85 )92( - 55 )03( - ) ( 602 )13( - Dr. Ali Shariati : A Manifestation of self-reconstruction and Reformation , Muhammad Iqbal ) (www.shriti.com 0002 )23( - Dr. Kalim Bahadur : The Jamaa't -I- Islami of Pakistan , Political Thought and 6 .Political Action p )33( - : 161 )43( - : " " ) :" " 613( )53( - 241 .Graham Fuller : Islamism in the Next Century , in "The Islamism debate" p - 7991 )63( - Francois Burgat : Ballot boxes, Militaries and Islamic Movements , in "the Islamism 34 .Debate" p )73( - Graham Fuller : Algeria, the Next Fundamentalist State "" ) (www.rand.org 0002 )83(- Graham Fuller : Islamism in 341 .the Next Century p )93( - 04 .Burgat p )04( - 54 .Burgat p )14( - : 83-93 ) 872( )24( - 341 .Graham Fuller : Islamism in the Next Century p )34( - Albert Wohlstetter : No highway to high purpose "" ( (www.rand.org 0002 )44( - )54( - . : " " " " 033 9891 )64( - "Nahman Tal : "Islamic Terrorism in Egypt , the challenge and response " " ) (www.tau.ac.il/jcss/links.html 0002 )74( - 571.R. Harir Dekmejian : Islam in Revolution, Fundamentalism in the Arab World p 5891 F.ED. Syracuse University Press )84( - 9131/3 5741/3 993/5 81/5 59/4 651/8 )94( - 561 )05( - 9991 "Encyclopedia Britannica , Article : "The Theory and Control of War

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)2( - . : )9691-5891( 571-671 9991 )3( - Abdelwahab EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution, Islam and power in Sudan 281 .Gray Seal - London 1989 p )4(- 461 .EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p )5( - : 001 . - - : " " - - . )6( - 95-06 )7( - . : 3891 )8( - . : 32 1991. )9( - Abd Assalam Sid'Ahmed : Islam and Politics in Contemporary Sudan p.127 Martin's Press 6991 New York )01( - : 23 EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution 961.p )11( - 11/1 )21( - : 35 )31( - 15 )41( - 02 )51( - )61( - 23 )71( - 34 )81( - 84 )91( - 35 )02( - 191/2 821/3 113/1 753/1 11/3 712/3 . )12( - : 961-861.EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p )22( - . : : / / 95 2991 )32( - 06 )42( - : 22 )52( - : 59 )62( - "" : ?T. Abdou Maliqalim Simone : In whose Image 4991 Political Islam and Urban Practices in Sudan p. 162 The University of Chicago Press )72( - 25. .EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p )82( - 841 .Graham fuller in : the Islamism Debate p )92( - . : )4491-9691( 011 2891. )03( - 89 )13( - 101 )23( - 501 )33( - Graham E. Fuller & Ian Lesser : A Sense of Siege, The Geopolitics of Islam and the West 5991 p. 192 ed. Westview Press USA )43( - : 18 )53( - 6 )63( - 45

)73( - : 311 4991 )83( - : 65 )93( - 38 )04( - : )4491-9691( 821 2891 )14( - : 16 )24( - : 911 )34( - 711 )44( - : 48 )54( - 261 .EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p )64( - : 831 .Milton Viorst : In the Shadow of the Prophet p )74( - : 22 )84( - : 16 )94( - 47 )05( - )15( - : 84 )25( - : )9691-5891( 651 )35( - 322 )45( - 192 )55( - : 33 )65( - : 621 )75( - : )9691-5891( 67 )85( - 591 )95( - . : " " . )06( - : 492 )16( - 15 .EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p )26( - : 52 76 .EL-Affendi p )36( - : 72 )46( - 12 )56( - : )9691-5891( 651 )66( - : 9 2891 )76( - 64 4891 )86( - : )9691-5891( 211 )96( - : )4491-9691( 29 2891 )07( - : )9691-5891( 711 )17( - : 52 Jean Gueyras : Au Sudan, le pouvoir 6 .(Islamiste se consolide (Le Monde Diplomatique , Juillet 1994 p )27( - Peter K. Bechtold : Politics in the Sudan : Parliamentary and Military Rule in an 98 .Emerging African Nation p 6791 Ed. Praeger Publishers, London - Washington - New York )37( - 76 .EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p )47( - 98 .Peter K. Bechtold : Politics in the Sudan p )57( - : 66-76 2891 )67( - 76 )( )77( - 44-54 )87( - : 52 )97( - 52

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)62( )72( )82( )92( )03( )13( )23( )33( )43( 412( )53( - 902 )63( - 012 )73( - 412 )83( - Dr. Kalim Bahadur : The Jamaa't -I- Islami of Pakistan , Political Thought and Political 24 .Action p )93( - 15 .Assaf Hussain : Islamic Movements in Egypt, Pakistan & Iran p )04( - www jamaat org )14( - : 54 .Dr. Bahadur p )24( - 741 .Dr. Bahadur p )34( - : 94-05 )44( - 15 )54( - 25 )64( - 55 ) : )9691-5891( 533-053 )74( - 85 )84( - 95 )94( - : 46 )05( - 95 )15( - 16 )25( - 26-36 )35( - : 46 )45( - : : )9691-5891( 151 )55( - 061 )65( - )75( - : 46 . 211 .. AL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p )85( - : )9691-5891( 161-261 )95( - 851 )06( - : 14 )16( - : 86 )26( - : )9691-5891( 951 )36( - 061 )46( - 951 )56( - : 951 )66( - : 66-67 )76( - 46 )86( - : 93 )96( - : 77

16 44 52 92 73 93 34 44 . : 11 52 92 : " ) "

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071 .Greenleaf : Servant Leadership p : 43 27 77 : 83 66 36 46 36 .AL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p : 76 : )9691-5891( 501 : 92 76 : " ) ( 652 : 92 . : 5 ) ( : 96 : )9691-5891( 351 : 12

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)12( . - - . * . : " . . - - - - . 9491/2/21 1591/01/91 " )22( . * . " . . )( . . ")32(. - - - . . 3791/8/11. : " ] [ - - ) ( ) - - - . - .. ( . . . .. "" . . "" ][ " )42( . . . - 6891- : " " !! : " ] 6891[ " )52( . : "

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: : " " )75( . : * . .. * . " " )85( . : . . . . " : * . * - - " )95( . . . . : " . . . " )06( . . : * . * . * . " - - " )16( . " " )26( . - - . : - - : : : * .

* . : * . * . : * " " )36( . * . : * " " )46( . * " " )56( . " ] [ " )66( . . . : *" " )76( " " )86( . . *" " )96( " " )07( . . * " " )17( . . *" " )27( " " )37( . * - - . - - . * . : " . " )47( * " " )57( . . " " . : " ]=[ " )67( " ]= [

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" .. . . . ")111( . . : * . . * : . . * . " - - / / - " ) 211( . . . " " )311( . . : " " )411( . ------------------------------------- )1( - : 611 )2( - 911 )3( - 561 .H. Dekmejian : Islam in Revolution p )4( - 771 .Dekmejian p )5( - . : )4491-9691( 691 )6( - 76-66 .Robert Greenleaf : Servant Leadership p )7( - 86 .Greenleaf p )8( - p. 69 Greenleaf )9( - p. 68 Greenleaf )01( - p. 67 Greenleaf )11( - : 911 )21( - p. 63 Greenleaf )31( - . : " 643 )41( - : ) : " " 612( )51( - 65p. Greenleaf

)61( - ,Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic Word 2/108 edited by John Esposito 5991 published by Oxford University Press, Newyork 821/2 )71( - :761 .EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p )81( - 702 .Dekmejian : Islam in Revolution p )91( - : ) ( 742 )02( - 042 )12( - ) 622- 722 ( ) 832( ) 932( )22( - : 022 )32( - 952 )42( - 432-632 )52( - 042 )62( - 042 )72( - 852 )82( - : )4491-9691( 291 )92( - )03( - 571 )13( - . : 89 )23( - 98 )33( - 88 )43( - )53( - 09 )63( - 58 )73( - 58 )83( - 661 .Dekmejian : Islam in Revolution p )93( - : 58 )04( - 68 )14( - )24( - )34( - 68 )44( - )54( - 68-78 )64( - 78 )74( - )84( - )94( - )05( - 671 .Dekmejian : Islam in Revolution p )15( - : 821/2 Oxford Encyclopedia )25( - : 78 )35( - 88 )45( - )55( - )65( - 771 .EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p )75( - : 98 )85( - )95( - 99 )06( - 99-001 )16( - 001

)26( - )36( - )46( - )56( - 09 )66( - 001 )76( - 19 )86( - )96( - 49 )07( - 19 )17( - 29 )27( - 49 )37( - 19 )47( - : )4491-9691( 491 )57( - : 49 )67( - : )9691-5891( 102 )77( - 202 )87( - : 001 )97( - 101 )08( - 001-101 )18( - 001 )28( - : )4491-9691( 391 )38( - : 201 )48( - )58( - 971 .El-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p )68( - : 091 )78( - : )4491-9691( 611 )88( - 291 )98( - 441)( )09( - : 401 )19( - )29( - 27 )39( - )49( - )58( - : 931 )69( - )79( - )89( - )99( - : )4491-9691( 9 2891 )001( - 66 )101( - 95 )201( - )301( - 06 )401( - 16-26 )501( - 391 )601( - 57 )701( - 291 )801( - 06 )901( - 515/3 133/31

: 663/1 55/3 : 35 : )9691-5891( 161 2891 : 09 9562/6

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*** *** . . . . "" : * . * " " . * . * )1( . . . . : . . - - . : . . . : *** *** )2( : " " )3( . "" "" . - - . . : - - " ")4( . . - - . ) 5( . . - - . .

: " - - - - . . " )6( . . . : * ) ..( . " " )7( . - - . : " . " )8( . * . - " " - "" " . .. - .. " )9( . " "" "" .. " ) 01( . * "" . " " 5791 : " " " - - " )11( . " ")21(. - - . . . . :

* " ]= [ " )31( . " " )41( . * " " . " " )51( . * 5691/11/11 5691/21/92 )61( . . * " . " )71( . " " . * . " " 6791/7/2 . - - " " . * . )81( . . . .. *" . * .. * . * .. * .. " )91( . " " 6791/7/2 "" )02( . " ] = [ .. " )12( . " " . : * : " . * . * ] [ ")22( .

*" * * . ] [ " )32( . - - . . . . . : * . - - )42( . * " " )52( . * . "" : " ] [ ][ " )62( . * . )72( . . - - . . " 5691-9691 ][ " )82( . . 5691/11/11 5691/21/92)92(. . . : : - - . . - -

. : " "" . .. " )03( . - " " )13( " : " )23( . - - . 9691 " . " )33( . " ][ " " " )43( . : * . . . * . . . . . * . . . . : * " " )8591-4691( . 5691 )53( . * 0791 )( . " " . 6791/7/2 . * . 9891 " " . - - .

. 9591 . . - " " - 9891 " " )63( . . . . . : : " ")73( " " )83( . . . . . 9891 . : * )93( . * 9891/2/02 . * )04( . - - " ")14( . . . - - " " )24( . . : - - " " )34( " " )44( . : " ")54( . . " ... " ) 64( " " )74( . : * . * .

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. : " ")26( : " " )36( . : " " )46( . . : " . " )56( . . : " : * . * . . * .. . * . . * ][ " " . * " )66(. " ][ ][ - ")76(. " " " .. " )86( . - - . . . .

)96( - - .. . : *** *** *** *** )07( . . : - - . : . " . . . " ) 17( . . " .. . .. : " )27( . . " ][ ")37( . " " )47( . " " . : *" * * " )57( . . : " " )67( . ".. .. " )77( . "

" )87( " " )97( . . . . " . " )08( . : " ] [ "" - - . " )18( . . . : . . : " " )28( . . . . . " " )38(. . " " . " " . . )48( : * . . . * ) ..( . . * . - - . . . * . . " ")58( .

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*" - - . * . * . * .." )89( . " . " ) 99( . . " . " )001( . . : . . . . " . . " )101( . " " 5691 : *" * * * ")201( *" * * " )301( . . : *" " )401( . *" " )501( " 0891 " )601( .

" : " )701( . . . : *" . * . * " )801( . . . : : " ][ ][ 8291 " )901( . . . " " 5691/2/12 " " " " )011( " " )111( " " )211( . . : *" ]= [ . * . * " )311( . " " )411( . . " " . . 4891 : " - 4891 . ][ . - - .

" )511( . . ------------------ . : )1( - 761-661 .H. Dekmejian : Islam in Revolution p )2( - : 223 )3( - : 811 )4( - : " " : " 612 )5( - : 741/8 774/5 691/31 )6( - : " " ) ( 222 )7( - : )9691-5891( 522 )8(- 54 )9(- 801 )01( - 28 )11( - 77 )21( - 622 )31(- 951 .EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p )41( - : 112-012 .Mohamed Omer Beshir : Revolution and Nationalism in the Sudan p 4791 Harper and Row Publishers, INCUSA )51( - -Elhachmi Hamdi : The Making of a Islamic Political Leader, Conversations with Hasan al 8991 ,Turabi p. 3 Westview Press, London )61( - : )4491-9691( 48 2891 )71( - 59 .EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p )81( - : 171 .G. Norman Anderson : Sudan in Crisis p )91( - : )9691-5891( 18 )02( - Mansour Khalid : Nimeiri and the Revolution of Dis-May p. 151 KPI Limited, London 5891 : )9691-5891( 98 )12( - : )9691-5891( 59 )22( - : 34 )32( - )42( - : " : " )52( - 88 .Peter K. Bechtold : Politics in the Sudan p )62( - P. M. Holt : A Modern history of the Sudan p. 183, from the Funj Sultanate to the present 1691 day, Grove Press, INC. New York )72( - : )9691-5891( 25-35 )82( - : )4491-9691( 38 2891 )92( - 48 )03( - : )9691-5891( 58 )13( - 102 )23( - 202 )33( - 201 .EL-Affendi : Turabi's Revolution p )43( - : )9691-5891( 002-102 )53( - : " " " " 1002/3/4

)63( - )73( - 06 )83( - 16 )93( - 6991 . Elhachmi 7. Hamdi : The Making of a Islamic Political Leader, Conversations with Hasan al-Turabi p " " . : G. N. Anderson : Sudan 971 .in Crisis p )04( - 571 . Anderson : Sudan in Crisis p : ) ( )14( - : ) ( )24( - : )9691-5891( 68 )34( - : 231 )44( - 84 )54( - "Mohammed Mahmoud : in "religion, nationalism and peace in Sudan " " 61-71 7991 )64( - : 331 )74( - )84( - )94( - ,Peter Woodward : Sudan (1898-1989) the Unstable State p. 207 Lynne Rinner Publishers 5991 inc . USA )05( - : 351 )15( - )25( - : 062 )35( - 49 )45( - : 312/21 :