Alizadeh 2008-Chogha Mish II

8/9/2019 Alizadeh 2008-Chogha Mish II

1/483

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PREHISTORICREGIONAL CENTER IN LOWLANDSUSIANA, SOUTHWESTERN IRAN

oi.uchicago.edu


2/483


3/483

iii

CHOGHA MISH II

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PREHISTORICREGIONAL CENTER IN LOWLANDSUSIANA, SOUTHWESTERN IRAN

FINAL REPORT ON THE LAST SIx SEASONSOF ExCAVATIONS, 1972–1978

AbbAS ALIzADEH

THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

ORIENTAL INSTITUTE PUbLICATIONS • VOLUME 130

CHICAGO • ILLINOIS

oi.uchicago.edu


4/483

Library of Congrss Control Numbr: 95072170ISBN-10: 1-885923-52-X

ISBN-13: 978-1-885923-52-3

ISSN: 0069-3367

© 2008 by Th Univrsity of Chicago. All rights rsrvd.

Publishd 2008. Printd in th Unitd Stats of Amrica.

Te Orienta Institte, Cicao

Orintal Institut Publications

Volum 130

Series Editors

Lsli Schramr

and

Thomas G. Urban

Series Editors’ Acknowedments

Th assistanc of Lindsay DCarlo and Kati L. Johnson isacknowldgd in th production of this volum.

Spine Istration

Rconstruction of dcoration on Middl Susiana pottry vssl. Figur 42:F (B 1074)

Tite Pae IstrationSaling. Coa Mis I: plat 155:A.

Printed by Edwards Broters, Ann Arbor, Mician

Th papr usd in this publication mts th minimum rquirmnts of AmricanNational Standard for Information Srvics — Prmannc of Papr for PrintdLibrary Matrials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.

∞

oi.uchicago.edu


5/483

This book is ddicatd to th sttld zalaghi Trie of thbakhtiyari, for thir unwavring hospitalityand thir contribution in th lvn sasons

of xcavations in Khuzstan

oi.uchicago.edu


6/483

oi.uchicago.edu


7/483


8/483

viii ChOghA MISh II

trench xXI .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ................... 38 Middl Susiana Complx ...................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ................... 38 early Susiana Complx, Phas 1 ...................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ....... 39 early Susiana Complx, Phas 2 ....................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ....... 39 Archaic Priod Rmains ......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... .................. 40 eaSt area ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ....................... 41 Historical Rmains ......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... . 41

Lat Middl Susiana Phas (Burnt Building) ......................... ......................... .......................... .......... 41 Lat Middl Susiana Domstic Architctur ....................... ......................... .......................... .............. 42 Protolitrat Architctural Phas 1: Monumntal Building Complx ....................... ......................... ... 43 Protolitrat Architctural Phas 2: Domstic Buildings ...................... ......................... ...................... 44 PrehIStorIc burIalS ........................ .......................... ......................... .......................... ........................ ..... 46

CHAPTeR THRee. POTTeRY ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... . 47 IntroductIon ......................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ............... 47 ParthIan PerIod ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ............ 47 Iron age III (neo-elamIte)/achaemenId PerIod ....................... .......................... ......................... ....... 48 old elamIte (Sukkalmah) PerIod ......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ... 49 ProtolIterate PhaSe ...................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ..... 49 Coars War ........................ .......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ............ 49

Standard War ......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ........ 49 Fin War ........................ .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ............... 50 Brittl War ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ............ 50 Gray War ....................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ................ 50 Rd War ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ................ 50 late SuSIana PerIod ....................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ..... 51 Standard Buff War ...................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... . 51 Rd War ....................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ................ 51 Gray War ...................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ................. 52 Black-on-Rd War ....................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... .. 52 mIddle SuSIana PerIod ....................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... . 52 Standard Buff War ...................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... . 52

Fin Buff War ...................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......... 52 Gritty Buff War ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ..... 53

Straw-tmprd Buff War ...................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ............... 53 Plain Rd War ...................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......... 53 Gray War ...................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ................ 54 early SuSIana PerIod ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... . 54 archaIc SuSIana PerIod ......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ...................... 54 Straw-tmprd Smoothd War ...................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ....... 54 Straw-tmprd Standard and Fin Rd-washd War ....................... ......................... ......................... 54 Straw-tmprd Rd-bandd/Lin War .......................... ......................... .......................... ................. 55 Straw-tmprd Paintd-burnishd War ......................... ......................... .......................... ................. 55 Straw-tmprd Paintd-burnishd Variant .......................... ......................... .......................... ............. 55 Matt-paintd War........................ .......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... 55 Dns-sandy War ......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... 55 Clos-lin War .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... .... 56

CHAPTeR FOUR. DeVeLOPMeNT OF SHAReD ARTISTIC TRADITIONS IN DeCORATeDPOTTeRY IN SOUTHWeST ASIA ......................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ........ 57

Part 1: meSoPotamIan PrehIStorIc artIStIc and technIcal develoPment ........................ ......... 57 Introduction ......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ............ 57 Northrn Msopotamia......................................................................................................................... 57 Southrn Msopotamia......................................................................................................................... 59 Part 2: StylIStIc analySIS of SuSIana PrehIStorIc Pottery ........................ ......................... .......... 61 Introduction ......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ............ 61

oi.uchicago.edu


9/483


10/483

x ChOghA MISh II

FIGUReS ......................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ..... 225

PLATeS ......................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ..... 397

oi.uchicago.edu


11/483

xi

LIST OF AbbREVIATIONS

xi

Ach. Achamnid

amS acclrator mass spctromtryAS Archaic Susiana B Chogha Bonut, sasons 1976/77,

1977/78BF Bonh Fazl Alib.P. bfor prsntBrb(S) bvld-rim bowl(s)B.S. blow surfac (masurd in mtrs

unlss othrwis notd)ca. circa cf. coner , comparCh.M. Chogha Mish

Coa Mis I Coa Mis, Volum I: Te first five Seasons o Excavations,1961–1971. By Pinhas Dlougazand Hln J. Kantor. editd byAbbas Alizadh. Orintal InstitutPublications 101. Chicago: ThOrintal Institut, 1996.

cm cntimtr(s)e ast.g. exempi ratia, for xampleMS arly Middl Susiana eS early Susiana

t al. et aii, and othrstc. et cetera, and so forthfig(s). figur(s)f(f). ecernt , and followingha hctar(s)Ichto Iranian Cultural Hritag and Tourism

Organizationi.. id est , that is

INAA instrumntal nutron activation

analysiskm kilomtr(s)KS Khuzstan SitLMS lat Middl Susiana LS Lat Susiana M middlm mtr(s)misc. miscllanousmm millimtr(s)MS Middl Susiana N northN/A not availabl

N.B. nota bene, not carfullyno(s). numbr(s)NSF National Scinc FoundationPCA Principl Componnts AnalysisPL Protolitratpl(s). plat(s)p(p). pag(s)ppm parts pr millionprob. probablyrg. rgistrationS southSdg. sounding

sq. squarst. stonTr. trnchtrans. transitionalUTM Univrsal Transvrs Mrcator W wst

oi.uchicago.edu


12/483

oi.uchicago.edu


13/483

xiii

LIST OF FIGURESFrontispic. Possibl Rconstruction of Fmal Figurin Composd from Svral Fragmnts

1. Map Showing th Location of Chogha Mish and Othr Major Sits in Southwstrn Iran and SouthrnMsopotamia ........................ .......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ....................... 226

2. Map of Northrn Susiana Plain Showing Locations of Chogha Mish, Chogha Bonut, Bonh Fazl Ali,and Thir environs ....................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ................ 227

3. Synopsis of th evolution of Pottry Dcoration of Prhistoric Susiana ........................................................... 228

4. exampls of Lat Middl / Lat Susiana 1 Paintd Pottry .......................... ......................... .......................... ... 230

5. exampls of Lat Middl / Lat Susiana 1 Paintd Pottry .......................... ......................... .......................... ... 231

6. Contour Map of Chogha Mish ........................ .......................... ......................... ......................... ....................... 232

7. Top Plan of Trnch XXIII, High Mound ....................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ........ 233

8. Top Plan of th Old elamit Fort and Protolitrat Rmains, High Mound....................................................... 234

9. Sction Drawings of elamit Wll ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ............... 235

10. Isomtric Plan of th Old elamit Fort ...................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ........... 236

11. Top Plan of Gully Cut, Middl Susiana .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ....... 237

12. Top Plan of Gully Cut, early Susiana........ ......................... .......................... .......................... ........................ ... 238

13. Top Plan of Gully Cut, Archaic Susiana 3 .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ... 239

14. Top Plan of Trnch XXI, Archaic to Middl Susiana ....................... .......................... ......................... .............. 240

15. Top Plan of Middl Susiana Burnt Building ...................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ... 241

16. Top Plan of Protolitrat Architctural Complx, Phas 1 ................................................................................ 242

17. Top Plan of Protolitrat Architctural Complx, Phas 2 ................................................................................ 243

18. Prhistoric Burials ......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ............... 245

19. Parthian Pottry Vssls ....................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ........ 247

20. Lat Iron Ag/Achamnid Opn Bowls ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ....... 249

21. Lat Iron Ag (No-elamit)/Achamnid Opn Bowls ...................... ......................... .......................... .......... 251

22. Lat Iron Ag/Achamnid Pottry Vssls ...................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ... 253

23. Lat Iron Ag/Achamnid Pottry Vssls ...................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ... 255

24. Lat Iron Ag/Achamnid Opn Bowls ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ....... 257

25. Old elamit (Sukkalmah) Pottry Vssls ......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ... 259

26. Protolitrat Pottry Vssls ....................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... 261







xiii

oi.uchicago.edu


14/483

xiv ChOghA MISh II

33. Protolitrat Pottry Vssls ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... 275

34. Protolitrat Ritual Vssl ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... .... 277

35. Lat Susiana 2 Pottry Vssls ........................ .......................... ......................... .......................... ..................... 279

36. Middl Susiana Pottry Vssls .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... .................. 281








44. Middl Susiana Closd Pottry Vssls ...................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ........... 297

45. Middl Susiana Closd Pottry Vssls ...................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ........... 299

46. Middl Susiana Closd Pottry Vssls ...................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ........... 301 47. Middl Susiana Closd Pottry Vssls ...................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ........... 303




51. Middl Susiana Pottry “Stands”......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... .................. 311

52. Middl Susiana Tortois Pottry Vssls ....................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ....... 313

53. Middl Susiana Plain Pottry Vssls ......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... .......... 315

54. Middl Susiana Plain Pottry Vssls ......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... .......... 317

55. early Susiana Opn Pottry Vssls ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... .............. 319






61. early Susiana Opn and Closd Pottry Vssls ....................... ......................... .......................... ..................... 331

62. early Susiana Dcoratd Pottry Lids ........................ .......................... ......................... .......................... .......... 333

63. Various Typs of early Susiana Pottry Vssls ............................................................................................... 335

64. early Susiana Plain Pottry Vssls ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... .............. 337

65. early Susiana Plain Pottry Vssls ........................ ......................... .......................... ......................... .............. 339

66. Archaic Susiana 3 Clos-lin Opn Bowls ......................... .......................... ......................... .......................... .. 341

67. Archaic Susiana Pottry Vssls .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ................. 343

68. Archaic Susiana Pottry Vssls .......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ................. 345

69. Archaic Susiana 3 Pottry Vssls ...................... .......................... ......................... .......................... ................. 347

70. Archaic Susiana 3 Matt-paintd Pottry Vssls .......................... ......................... .......................... ................ 349

oi.uchicago.edu


15/483


16/483

oi.uchicago.edu


17/483

xvii

LIST OF PLATES

1. Panoramic Viw of Chogha Mish; eastrn Fac of Old elamit Fortification Wall

2. Old elamit Fortification Wall and Gat; Dtail of Fortification Wall

3. Old elamit Trough; Old elamit Pottry Pips

4. Old elamit Watr Cistrn; Intrior Viw of Old elamit Watr Cistrn

5. Old elamit Brick Thrshold; Protolitrat Drain

6. Gnral Viw of Gully Cut; early Susiana Brick Pavmnt and Circular Structur in Gully Cut; earlySusiana Imprssd Mudbrick; Archaic Susiana 3 Pottry and Ston Objcts in situ

7. early Susiana Storag Magazins; Archaic Susiana 3 Ston-filld Harth; Dtails of Middl SusianaMudbrick Wall; Archaic Susiana 3 Long Magazin; early Susiana Courtyard

8. early Susiana Brick Platform; early Susiana Mudbrick Pavmnt; Archaic Susiana 3 Pottry and OthrObjcts in situ

9. early Susiana Mudbrick-pavd Room; Dtails of early Susiana Mudbrick Wall; Archaic Susiana Ston

Pavmnt; Archaic Susiana Circular Harth

10. eastrn Wing of th Lat Middl Susiana Burnt Building

11. Room S18:904 in Burnt Building; Top Viw of Mudbrick Platform in Burnt Building

12. entranc to Courtyard of Protolitrat Tripartit Building; Protolitrat Drain Pips

13. Protolitrat Drain Pips South of Tripartit Building; Gazll Fmur Bons

14. Protolitrat Vssls in situ; Cach of Bvld-rim Bowls; Protolitrat Mudbrick Wall and Pottry Vssls;Protolitrat Pit Filld with Bvld-rim Bowls; Protolitrat Pit Filld with Pottry Vssls

15. Old elamit Cistrn; Archaic Susiana 3 Ston-filld Harth

16. early Susiana Room S22:813 in Gully Cut; Protolitrat, Phas 2, Architctur in Q17:815; Sampls ofArchaic Susiana Mudbricks; Rocks Mixd with Chippd Ston Blads and Pottry Shrds in Middl Susiana

S22:909/919 in Gully Cut 17. Archaic Susiana 3 Grav 806; Archaic Susiana 3 Grav 807; Archaic Susiana 3 Grav 812; Archaic Susiana 3

Grav 811; early Susiana Grav 808

18. Archaic Susiana 3 Grav; Archaic Susiana 3 Grav; Archaic Susiana 3 Grav 802; Archaic Susiana 3Grav 804

19. Lat and Middl Susiana Pottry

20. Archaic–Middl Susiana Pottry

21. Archaic, Middl, and early Susiana Pottry

22. Sals and Salings

23. Salings

24. Salings and Tokns

25. Miscllana

26. Protolitrat Bon Fmal Figurin; Old elamit Goat-handld Cup of Bituminous Ston

27. Archaic–Middl Susiana Figurins

28. Archaic–early Susiana Figurins

29. Miscllana

30. Miscllana

31. Bakhtiyari Mobil Pastoralists Camping on east Ara at Bas of High Mound at Chogha Mish

xvii

oi.uchicago.edu


18/483


19/483

xix

LIST OF TAbLES 1. Rlativ Chronology of Prhistoric Sits in Iran and Msopotamia .................................................................. 31

2. Cultural Phass Attstd at th Sits excavatd in Susiana by th Orintal Institut ........................................ 32 3. Numbr of INAA Spcimns by Sit and Typs ....................... ......................... .......................... ..................... 99

4. Sit and Typ Information for INAA Sampls ...................... .......................... ......................... ......................... 100

5. elmntal Concntration Data for Susiana Cramics ....................... .......................... ......................... .............. 101

6. elmntal Concntration Data for Susiana Cramics ....................... ......................... .......................... .............. 107

7. elmntal Concntration Data for Susiana Cramics ...................... .......................... ......................... ............... 113

8 elmntal Concntration Data for Susiana Cramics ...................... .......................... ......................... ............... 119

9. elmntal Concntration Data for Susiana Cramics ...................... .......................... ......................... ............... 125

10. elmntal Concntration Data for Susiana Cramics .......................... .......................... ......................... ........... 131 11. elmntal Concntration Data for Susiana Cramics .......................... ......................... .......................... ........... 137

12. elmntal Concntration Data for Susiana Cramics ......................... .......................... .......................... ........... 143

13. elmntal Concntration Data for Susiana Cramics ......................... .......................... ......................... ............ 149

14. Summary of Faunal Rmains by Priod ....................... ......................... .......................... ......................... ......... 204

xix

oi.uchicago.edu


20/483

oi.uchicago.edu


21/483

xxi

PREFACETh prsnt publication is th scond and final volum on th lvn sasons of xcavations at Chogha Mish,

in lowland Susiana, Iran. excavations at th sit wr co-dirctd by Hln J. Kantor and Pinhas Dlougaz from

1961 to 1975, th yar Dlougaz did. Hln Kantor dirctd th xpdition for thr mor sasons from 1976 to1978. Although both scholars workd for yars to prpar th rsults of th first fiv sasons of xcavations, thydid bfor thy could bring th rsults of thir immns work to fruition. Basd on th availabl vidnc and onKantor’s and Dlougaz’s copious nots, th rsults of th first fiv sasons wr publishd in 1996. In prparing thmanuscript for that volum, I had gratly bnfitd from working for many yars with Hln Kantor.

As is common with publications of this natur, thr ar invitably gaps in th availabl dat — information thatonly th original xcavators could hav possssd. In th cours of prparing th rsults of th rmaining six sasonsof xcavations, I ralizd that this problm is aggravatd by th fact that svral fild notbooks, and vn rgistra-tion books of th objcts found in th tnth through lvnth sasons, wr dstroyd along with th dig hous narlytwo dcads ago. Although I hav bn abl to prsnt a numbr of objcts from th last two sasons, notbooks ontwo trnchs with Archaic and Middl Susiana occupation wr not availabl and ar prhaps lost forvr. In addi-tion, all th sction drawings from th sixth through th lvnth sasons wr lost in th dig hous at th villag of

Qalh Khalil, nar Chogha Mish. Th only on availabl in Chicago blongs to th Gully Cut, which, unfortunatly,lacks th ncssary stratigraphic data to link it to th top plans of th ara.A major problm that I could not solv with th availabl data rlats to th assignmnt of th Protolitrat pot-

try typs to th two major architctural phass of this priod. Basd on th pottry typs found at th sit, ChoghaMish sms to hav bn r-occupid in th scond half of th fourth millnnium b.c. It is nvrthlss possiblthat th sit was r-occupid vn arlir, ca. 3600 b.c.; but in th absnc of th ncssary statistics for th vari-ous stratifid cramic typs I am prvntd us from stablishing a mor prcis chronological position for th initialphas of th r-occupation of Chogha Mish.

In addition to th problms just citd, th radr will notic that analyss of th fauna and chippd ston objctsar also absnt from this volum. As xplaind in th first volum, Jams Phillips analyzd th flints and was towrit a chaptr on his rsults. That chaptr was nvr producd and th lithic collction has sinc bn lost. Furthr-mor, th availabl rcords do not allow for quantitativ information rgarding th finds and thir spatial distribu-tion in various contxts. Th intrprtion of th information gathrd from all th availabl fauna and flora (from thlvn sasons of xcavation) is limitd to what was publishd in th first volum. This information has bn culldfrom th first volum and usd in th body of th txt in Capter 1.

During th first fiv sasons, Jan Whlr Pirs-Frrira was th rsidnt zooarchaologist at Chogha Mish.Mrs. Whlr Pirs-Frrira workd on th spcimns both in th fild and in Chicago. Sh thn transfrrd hr im-mns body of data onto computr punch cards. Ths cards includd Mrs. Whlr Pirs-Frrira’s analysis andidntification of som 40,000 bons rprsnting various spcis with stratigraphic information. Undr th suprvi-sion of Hln Kantor and occasionally Mrs. Whlr Pirs-Frrira, Mr. Jams Lichtnstin, now th Dirctor ofProduction Tchnology at th Univrsity of Chicago Ntworking Srvics and Information Tchnologis (NSIT), con-vrtd th data into a radabl english databas. On bhalf of Hln Kantor, I would lik to thank Mr. Lichtnstinfor his aid and gnuin intrst in procssing th Whlr Pirs-Frrira rcords and for crating a comprhnsivlist of all th bons rcovrd from Chogha Mish.

Sinc a chaptr on th fauna was not forthcoming, I dcidd to mak th raw data availabl to th intrstd sp-

cialist. Th dtaild, comprhnsiv list of all th idntifid spcis from all th xcavatd loci can b found on thIntrnt by logging on to: http://oi.uchicago.du/rsarch/pubs/catalog/oip/oip130.html; s also Appendix 3.

Th following is a short introduction to th Chogha Mish numbring systm that was usd to organiz pottry,othr objcts, and xcavatd loci. Whn availabl, all illustratd objcts ar accompanid by thir provnancs, l-vation (always abov sa lvl), fild rgistration, and Orintal Institut Musum numbrs. In th objct numbrs,whthr writtn as arabic or roman numrals, th first digit shows th sason in which th itm was found. Th ro-man numral prfix is usually rsrvd for whol objcts, whil th arabic numral prfix indicats that th itm isa shrd or an incomplt objct. For xampl, VI-1 is th first complt objct rgistrd in th sixth sason, and6.001 th first shrd or fragmntary objct catalogd in that sason.

Findspot allocations consist of a lttr followd by on or two digits, a colon, and thr mor digits. Th lttrand th first on or two digits indicat th spcific squar; th last thr digits rfr to th numbr of th locus in that

xxi

oi.uchicago.edu


22/483


23/483

xxiii

Th High Mound, masuring about 200 ≈ 150 m, is stpst toward th north and northwst, whr it slopsabout 23 m in 60 m, that is, an inclin of narly 1 in 3 m. Its wstrn dg is fairly rgular, but on its northast, ast,and southast sids it has four irrgularly shapd lobs sparatd by dply rodd gullis. Th trrac, about 400 ≈300 m, has four lss prominnt paks in Squars H14 (lvation 82–83 m), R16 (lvation 84–85 m), O25 (lva-tion 84–85 m), and H27 (lvation 82–83 m).

Th summit of th High Mound is at lvation 100.54 m abov sa lvl. It is about 27 m abov th surroundingplain (at 73.50) and ovr 30 m abov th rivrbd of th Shur, to th ast (lvation 70.30 m). Th lowst lvation

at Chogha Mish was rachd at 71.70 m (Archaic 1 phas) in S22, putting th virgin soil hr at 71.60 m. In othraras, th virgin soil was rachd at highr lvations, about 72.00 m and vn 73.50 m, indicating that in th sv-nth millnnium b.c. and prhaps much latr th plain lookd vry diffrnt than it dos now. Approximatly 5 kmto th wst, at Chogha Bonut, th prsnt plain is at about 74 m abov sa lvl, just 1.0 to 0.5 m highr than th araaround Chogha Mish. Th virgin soil at Chogha Bonut, howvr, was rachd at 73.10 to 73.00 m, just 1 m blowth prsnt surfac of th plain. In this part of th plain th pattrn of alluvial dposition must hav bn vry dif-frnt from lswhr in th rgion, indicating that th rgion around Chogha Mish was lss suscptibl to flooding.This obsrvation should partly xplain th high concntration of sttlmnts, particularly thos of th arly Nolithicpriod, in this rgion.

Figur 88 (kindly producd by Nick Kouchoukos) is a computr-gnratd imag that shows both th surfacfaturs and a cross sction of this part of th plain. Th imag, as Kouchoukos notd, indicats that this ara mayhav bn th rmnant of a bluff or vn a ridg and thus highr than th lands on ithr sid of th Shur and Sia

Mansur rivrs. As just notd, this is th ara in Khuzstan whr almost all th Archaic priod sits, namly ChoghaMish, Chogha Bonut, and Bonh Fazl Ali ar locatd. At th lvl of our prsnt undrstanding of th gomorphol-ogy of th plain, it is facil to think that whn th first farmrs colonizd th land thy chos this highr part of thplain, away from th marshs and th parts of th plain that flood. On can furthr spculat that as th climat b-cam gradually drir and th rivrs startd to cut down thir bds, it bcam possibl to occupy th rgions on thwst of Sia Mansur and ast of th Shur. Whthr or not th Shur startd cutting its bd down to th prsnt lva-tion, prhaps around th scond millnnium b.c., rmains spculativ until gomorphological analysis is conductdin that ara.

To avoid rptition and to mak this volum mor managabl to us, only summaris of lngthy dscriptions ofpottry and objcts ar providd hr. Thrfor, th radr is invitd to consult th first volum for dtaild infor-mation not includd hr. In addition, w hav includd data obtaind from th arlir sit of Chogha Bonut, as wllas from othr sits in both Susiana and th narby Dh Luran to fill in th missing data from Chogha Mish itslf.

Capter 1 is a rathr lngthy summary of prhistoric cultural dvlopmnt in lowland Susiana, with Chogha

Mish as th main sourc of information. W fl that by prsnting this summary first, th radr is providd witha gnral landscap against which numrous tchnical data and analyss offrd in th following chaptrs may bplacd. This chaptr mostly consists of a narrativ, th fabric of which is wovn from th availabl archaologicaldata. Th narrativ, howvr, is mbllishd with a crtain numbr of assumptions, infrncs, and vn imagina-tion. Nvrthlss, w hop w hav bn abl to lay out th facts clarly nough so that th radr can sift throughwhat is fact and what is spculation. As a rgional cntr for ovr two thousand yars, Chogha Mish offrs a uniquopportunity to study prhistoric socioconomic and crafts dvlopmnt at a singl sit. Sinc Chogha Mish did notdvlop in isolation, in Capter 1 w us th sit as a focal point to discuss numrous lins of vidnc that prtainto th cultural dvlopmnt in th rgion.

Capter 2 dals with th architctural vidnc from th Archaic to th Iron III/Achamnid priods. It dscribsall th rlvant xcavation aras individually, namly th Gully Cut, Trnch XXI, th High Mound, tc. Whn ap-propriat and possibl, contmporary architctural rmains in th various xcavation aras ar linkd to provid a

largr pictur.Th pottry assmblags of all prhistoric and historical phass ar dscribd in Capter 3. A much mor d-taild dscription of th various classs of pottry was offrd in th first volum by Hln Kantor; in som r-spcts Capter 3 is thrfor an abbrviatd vrsion. For mor information and a lngthir tratmnt of th pottry,th radr must consult th first volum.

Capter 4 is a survy of th stylistic trnds and mannrisms usd by ancint pottrs to dcorat various classsof prhistoric pottry. On of th objctivs of this survy is to prsnt a gnral pictur of som aspcts of th“grammar” govrning th dsigns and compositions of Susiana prhistoric paintd pottry. From th arly Nolithicpriod, southwstrn Iran was in clos contact with Msopotamia; so th first part of th chaptr is dvotd to a sum-mary of th dvlopmnt and volution of som componnts of matrial cultur, spcially pottry in that rgion.In our opinion, this was particularly ncssary bcaus th qustion of th origins of th Archaic 3 clos-lin war

PREfACE

oi.uchicago.edu


24/483

xxiv ChOghA MISh II

and its contmporary Chogha Mami Transitional pottry and th l-Ouili war cannot b addrssd without rfr-nc to th Samarran pottry and its charactristics. In addition, a gnral survy of th pottris of th arly phassof Ubaid (Ubaid 1–2), possssing many shard faturs with thos of th early and Middl Susiana priods, is alsoprovidd in th sam sction to dmonstrat chang and continuity throughout th prhistoric squnc, as wll asintrrgional stylistic trnds.

Th gnral dscription of Msopotamian prhistoric pottry in th first part of Capter 4 provids a back-ground for th scond part, which dals primarily with th volution of dsigns and shaps of th Susiana prhistoric

paintd pottry. It is in this sction that th argumnts for th spcial charactrs of th crucial Lat Susiana 1 pottryassmblag and its highland connction ar formulatd.

A foundation of knowldg on th cology of crafts in prhistoric Susiana is ssntial in making thortical infr-ncs on th volution of pottry production in th rgion. But at prsnt that knowldg is slim. I hop th analyss inCapters 1–4 mak it clar that incrasing sophistication of th Susiana prhistoric pottry form, dcoration, and manu-factur tchniqu roughly corrsponds with th growth of Chogha Mish as a rgional cntr. Th dvlopmnt of ChoghaMish as a rgional cntr did not, of cours, occur in isolation. Th stady ris in rgional population in th Archaic priodand th sharp population ris of th early and Middl Susiana priods sms to b associatd with th frtility of th land,ampl watr supplis, improvd agricultural practics and tools, and prhaps th rduction of th aggrading rgim of thrgion’s main watr courss as wll as population donation from th intrmontan vallys of th Zagros.

Capter 5 is dvotd to th vidnc of administrativ tchnology throughout th prhistoric squnc and thProtolitrat priod. In th first volum, Hln Kantor offrd an xtnsiv and dtaild tratmnt of th Protolitr-at glyptic art. Hr w limitd ourslvs to th dscription and valuation of som nw typs of salings and somglyptic dsigns not addrssd in th first volum.

Clay and ston figurins of all phass ar prsntd and discussd in Capter 6 . Capter 7 dals with smallobjcts, including mtal and bon objcts, as wll as ston tools and ston vssls. Th vidnc of basktry is dis-cussd at th nd of this chaptr. Th similaritis of th typs of objcts discussd in this chaptr to thos publishdin th first volum ar th rason for th brvity of Capter 7 . Th radr, thrfor, is advisd to consult th firstvolum for mor dtails.

Appendix 1 dals with instrumntal nutron activation analysis (INAA) of som Susiana shrds, which was pro-vidd by Royal Ghazal and Nick Kouchoukos of th Univrsity of Chicago’s Dpartmnt of Anthropology and thircollagus at th Univrsity of Missouri Rsarch Ractor (MURR). Th radr should bar in mind that th rsultsof Ghazal’s INAA and his prsnt contribution must b considrd a work in progrss, sinc th final analysis anddtaild discussions will appar in his doctoral thsis. Th rational for Ghazal’s INAA of crtain classs of pottryfrom th Lat Susiana 2 and Protolitrat phass — in th cours of which stat organizations prsumably dvlopd

in th rgion — is ultimatly to tst th validity of Johnson’s (1973) and Wright and Johnson’s (1975) hypoth-sis that sociopolitical and conomic volution affctd th production of crafts, spcially pottry. Judith Brmanprformd a similar analysis (1986, 1989) by dividing hr sampls of 1,021 shrds from 104 Susiana sits intocompositionally similar groups, but hr rsults wr inconclusiv (Brman 1989: 262). In his contribution, Ghazaldiscusss improvd INAA tchniqus and argus that his initial analysis is promising in stablishing a link btwncompositionally similar cramic groups and hypothtical archaological groups. Th most intrsting conclusion ofthis analysis was th possibility that, dspit Johnson’s hypothsis (Johnson 1973), Chogha Mish, Susa, and AbuFandowh wr not th only cntrs of pottry manufactur.

Appendix 2 consists of a mastr list of all th availabl information on th xcavatd aras, various loci withinths aras, thir lvations, and th typ of archaological contxts that dfind th loci or wr found associatdwith thm. Th data providd in this list prtain primarily to th loci not dpictd on th top plans, though som arincludd. Information about th loci missing from th list can asily b found on th top plans and in Capter 2.

Appendix 3 prsnts th faunal information.Th txt concluds with two indics, an Index o loci and Istrated finds and an Index o georapica

Names.

oi.uchicago.edu


25/483


26/483

oi.uchicago.edu


27/483

xxvii

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adams, Robrt McCormick

1962 “Agricultur and Urban Lif in early Southwstrn Iran.” Science 136: 109–22.1974 “Th Msopotamian Social Landscap: A Viw from th Frontir.” In Te Reconstrction o CompexSocieties, ditd by Charlott B. Moor, pp. 1–20. Supplmnt to th Bulltin of th Amrican School ofOrintal Rsarch 20. Philadlphia: Amrican Schools of Orintal Rsarch.

1981 heartand o Cities: Srveys o Ancient Settement and land use in te Centra foodpain o te E- prates. Chicago: Univrsity of Chicago Prss.

1983 “Th Jarmo Ston and Pottry Vssl Industris.” In Preistoric Arcaeooy Aon te Zaros fanks,ditd by Robrt J. Braidwood, Linda S. Braidwood, Bruc How, Charls Rd, and Patty Jo Watson,pp. 209–32. Orintal Institut Publications 105. Chicago: Th Orintal Institut.

Adams, Robrt McCormick, and Hans J. Nissn

1972 Te urk Contryside: Te Natra Settin o urban Societies. Chicago: Univrsity of Chicago Prss.

Albrti, A.

1985 “A Rconstruction of th Abu Salabikh God-list.” Stdi Epirapici e linistici s Vicino Oriente 2:3–23.

Aldn, John R.

1979 Rgional economic Organization in Bansh Priod Iran. Ph.D. dissrtation, Dpartmnt of Anthropol-ogy, Univrsity of Michigan.

1987 “Th Susa III Priod.” In Te Arcaeooy o Western Iran: Settement and Society rom Preistory tote Isamic Conqest, ditd by F. Hol, pp. 157–70. Smithsonian Sris in Archaological Inquiry.Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Prss.

Algaz, Guillrmo

1989 “Th Uruk expansion: Cross-Cultural exchang in early Msopotamian Civilization.” Crrent Antro- pooy 30: 571–608.

1993 Te urk Word System: Te Dynamics o Expansion o Eary Mesopotamian Civiization. Chicago:Univrsity of Chicago Prss.

2001 “Th Prhistory of Imprialism: Th Cas of Uruk Priod Msopotamia.” In urk Mesopotamia and Its Neibors, ditd by Mitchll S. Rothman, pp. 27–84. School of Amrican Rsarch Advancd SminarSris. Santa F: School of Amrican Rsarch.

Alizadh, Abbas

1985 “A Protolitrat Kiln from Chogha Mish.” Iran 23: 39–50.

1988a Mobil Pastoralism and th Dvlopmnt of Complx Socitis in Highland Iran: Th evidnc fromTall- Bakun A. Ph.D. dissrtation, Dpartmnt of Nar eastrn Languags and Civilizations, Univrsityof Chicago.

1988b “Socio-conomic Complxity in Southwstrn Iran during th Fifth and Fourth Millnnia b.c.: Th evi-dnc from Tall- Bakun A.” Iran 26:17–34.

1992 Preistoric Settement Patterns and Ctres in Ssiana, Sotwestern Iran: Te Anaysis o te f. g. l.gremiza Srvey Coection. Tchnical Rport, No. 24. Ann Arbor: Th Musum of Anthropology, Uni-vrsity of Michigan.

1996 “editor’s Prfac.” In Coa Mis, Volum I: Te first five Seasons o Excavations, 1961–1971, byPinhas Dlougaz and Hln J. Kantor, ditd by Abbas Alizadh, pp. xxiii–xxv. Orintal Institut Pub-lications 101. Chicago: Th Orintal Institut.

1996/97 “Iranian Prhistoric Projct.” In Orienta Institte Anna Report 1996/97 , ditd by William M. Sum-nr, pp. 49–56. Chicago: Th Orintal Institut.

1997 “excavations at Chogha Bonut, an Acramic Nolithic Sit in Lowland Susiana, Southwstrn Iran.” Neo-litics 1: 6–7.

xxvii

oi.uchicago.edu


28/483

xxviii ChOghA MISh II

2003a Excavations at te Preistoric Mond o Coa Bont, Kzestan, Iran: Seasons 1976/77, 1977/78,and 1996 . Orintal Institut Publications 120. Chicago: Th Orintal Institut.

2003b “Rport on th Joint Archaological and Gomorphological Rsarch expdition in Lowland Susiana,Iran.” Orienta Institte News & Notes 177: 1–8.

2004 “Wandrhirtn: Ihr Bdutung für di Kulturgschicht Irans in gschichtlichr und vorgschicht-lichr Zit.” In Persiens Antike Pract: Berba, handwerk, Arcäooie; Katao der Assten des

Detscen Berba-Msems Bocm vom 28. November 2004 bis 29. Mai 2005, Volum 1, ditd by

Thomas Stöllnr, Rainr Slotta, and Abdolrasool Vatandoust, pp. 76–91. Bochum: Dutschs Brgbau-Musum.

2005 “Nw Challngs and Prspctiv in Iran.” Orienta Institte News & Notes 187: 1, 4–8.

2006 Ta-e Bakn A: Te Oriins o State Oranizations in Preistoric hiand fars, Sotern Iran. Orin-tal Institut Publications 125. Chicago: Th Orintal Institut.

Alizadh, Abbas, and Ali Mahfroozi

2005 “Joint Archaological excavations at KS-04 and 108 in Khuzstan.” Orienta Institte Anna Report 2004/2005, ditd by Gil J. Stin, pp. 56–68. Chicago: Th Orintal Institut.

Alizadh, Abbas; Nicholas Kouchoukos; Tony Wilkinson; Andrw Baur; and Marjan Mashkour

2004 “Human-environmnt Intractions on th Uppr Khuzstan Plains, Southwst Iran, Rcnt Invstiga-tions.” Paéorient 30: 69–88.

Alizadh, Abbas; Shapour Malk-Shahmirzadi; and Yousf Majidzadh1999 Te Iranian Word: Essays on Iranian Art and Arcaeooy Presented to Ezat O. Neaban. Thran:

Iran Univrsity Prss.

Amit, Pirr

1957 “Glyptiqu susinn archaïqu.” Reve d’assyriooie et d’arcéooie orientae 51: 121–29.

1961 la yptiqe mésopotamienne arcaïqe. Paris: Cntr National d la Rchrch Scintifiqu.

1966 Eam. Auvrs-sur-Ois: Arché Éditur.

1972 gyptiqe ssienne des oriines à ’époqe des perses acéménides: Cacets, sceax-cyindres et em- preintes antiqes décoverts à Sse de 1913 à 1967 . Mémoirs d la délégation archéologiqu n Iran,Mission d Susian 43. Paris: Paul Guthnr.

1979a “Altrnanc t dualité: essai d’intrprétation d l’histoir élamit.” Akkadica 15: 2–22.

1979b “Archaological Discontinuity and ethnic Duality in elam.” Antiqity 53: 195–204.1986 “L’usag ds scaux à l’époqu initial d l’histoir d Sus.” In framenta historiae Aeamicae: Mé-anes oerts à M.-J. Steve, ditd by L. d Myr, H. Gasch, and F. Vallat, pp. 17–24. Paris: ÉditionsRchrch sur ls Civilisations.

1992 “Sur l’histoir Élamit.” Iranica Antiqa 27: 75–94.

Arnold, e. Dan

1985 Ceramic Teory and Ctra Process. Cambridg: Cambridg Univrsity Prss.

Azarpay, Guitty

1999 “elamit Trracotta Figurins.” In Te Iranian Word: Essays on Iranian Art and Arcaeooy Present-ed to Ezat O. Neaban, ditd by Abbas Alizadah, Shapour Malk-Shahmirzadi, Yousf Majidzadh,pp. 131–36. Thran: Iran Univrsity Prss.

Badr, Nicolai O.

1993 “Tll Maghzaliyah: An early Nolithic Sit in Northrn Iraq.” In Eary Staes in te Evotion o Meso- potamian Civiization: Soviet Excavations in Nortern Iraq , ditd by Norman Yoff and Jffry J.Clark, pp. 7–40. Tucson: Univrsity of Arizona.

Badr, Nicolai O.; N. Ya. Mrprt; and R. M. Munchav

1981 “Sovit expdition’s Survys in th Sinjar Vally.” Smer 37: 55–95.

Bains, John, and Norman Yoff

1998 “Ordr, Lgitimacy, and Walth in Ancint egypt and Msopotamia.” In Arcaic States , ditd byGary M. Finman and Joyc Marcus, pp. 199–260. School of Amrican Rsarch Advancd SminarSris. Santa F: Th School of Amrican Rsarch.

oi.uchicago.edu


29/483

xxix

Baxtr, Michal J.

1992 “Archaological Uss of th Biplot – A Nglctd Tchniqu?” In Compter Appications and Qantita-tive Metods in Arcaeooy 1991, ditd by G. Lock and J. Mofftt, pp. 141–48. British ArchaologicalRports Intrnational Sris 577. Oxford: British Archaological Rports.

1993 “Principal Componnt Analysis in Archaomtry.” Dpartmnt of Mathmatics, Statistics, and Opra-tional Rsarch, pp. 2–23. Nottingham, U.K.: Nottingham Trnt Univrsity.

Baykal-Shr, Ays, and Julia Obladn-Kaudr 1996 Demirciüyük: Die Erebnisse der Asrabnen 1975–1978. Volum 4: Die Keinnde. Mainz amRhin: Philipp von Zabrn.

Bal, Thomas W.

1978 “Bvlld Rim Bowls and Thir Implications for Chang and economic Organization in th Latr FourthMillnnium b.c.” Jorna o Near Eastern Stdies 37: 289–313.

1986 Excavations at Tepe Yaya, Iran 1967–1975: Te Eary Periods. Amrican School of Prhistoric R-sarch 38. Cambridg: Harvard Univrsity Prss.

Brman, Judith C.

1986 Cramic Production and th Dvlopmnt of Complx Politis in Lat Prhistoric Southwst Iran. Ph.D.dissrtation, City Univrsity of Nw York.

1987 “Cramic Production and Its Implications for th Sociopolitical Organization of th Sus Phas Susi-

ana.” Paéorient 13: 47–60.1989 “Cramic Production and Its Implications for th Sociopolitical Organization of th Susiana Plain Dur-

ing th Lat ‘Ubaid.” In upon Tis fondation: Te ‘ubaid Reconsidered , ditd by elizabth F. Hn-rickson and Ingolf Thusn, pp. 257–80. Copnhagn: Musum Tusculanum Prss.

Brnbck, Rinhard

1992 “Migratory Pattrns in early Nomadism.” Paéorient 18: 77–88.

Blackman, Michal

1992 “Th effcts of Natural and Human Siz Sorting on th Minralogy and Chmistry of Cramic Clays.”In Cemica Caracterization o Ceramic Pastes in Arcaeooy, ditd by Hctor Nff, pp. 113–24.Monographs in World Archaology 7. Madison: Prhistory Prss.

1999 “Chmical Charactrization of Local Anatolian and Uruk Styl Saling Clays from Hacınbi.” Paéo-

rient 25: 51–56.Bohmr, Rainr Michal

1972 “Di Kramikfund im Brich ds Stingbäuds.” In XXVI. nd XXVII. voräier Berict über dievon dem Detscen Arcäooiscen Institt nd der Detscen Orient-gesescat as Mitten der

Detscen forscnsemeinscat nternommenen Asrabnen in urk-Warka, by J. Schmidt, pp.31–42. Brlin: Gbrüdr Mann.

1999 urk: früeste Sieeabronen. Ausgrabungn in Uruk-Warka endbricht 24. Mainz am Rhin:Philipp von Zabrn.

Boucharlat, Rémy, and Audran Labrouss

1979 “L palais d’Artaxrxès II sur la riv droit du Chaour à Sus.” Caiers de a dééation arcéooiqe rançaise en Iran 10: 19–136.

Braidwood, Robrt J.

1960a “Prliminary Invstigations Concrning th Origins of Food-Production in Iranian Kurdistan.” Britis Association or Advancement o Science 17: 214–18.

1960b “Sking th World’s First Farmrs in Prsian Kurdistan.” Te Istrated london News, Octobr 22,pp. 695–97.

1961 “Th Iranian Prhistoric Projct.” Iranica Antiqa 1: 3–7.

Braidwood, Robrt J.; Linda S. Braidwood; Bruc How; Charls Rd; and Patty Jo Watson

1983 Preistoric Arcaeooy Aon te Zaros fanks. Orintal Institut Publications 105. Chicago: ThOrintal Institut.

BIBlIOgRAPhY

oi.uchicago.edu


30/483

xxx ChOghA MISh II

Braidwood, Robrt J., and Bruc How

1960 Preistoric Investiations in Iraqi Krdistan. Studis in Ancint Orintal Civilization 31. Chicago: Uni-vrsity of Chicago Prss.

Brands, Mark A.

1979 Sieeabronen as dem arcäiscen Bascicten in urk-Warka, 1–2. Friburgr altorintalishStudin 3. Wisbadn: Franz Stinr.

Broman Morals, Vivian1990 firines and Oter Cay Objects rom Sarab and Çayönü. Orintal Institut Communications 25. Chi-

cago: Th Orintal Institut.

Brumfil, elizabth M., and Timothy K. earl, ditors

1987 Speciaization, Excane, and Compex Societies. Cambridg: Cambridg Univrsity Prss.

Burkholdr, Grac

1972 “Ubaid Sits and Pottry in Saudi Arabia.” Arcaeooy 25: 264–75.

Burkholdr, Grac, and Marny Golding

1971 Srace Srvey o a-‘ubaid Sites in te Eastern Province: Contribtion to te Antropooy o Sadi Arabia. Coconut Grov: Fild Rsarch Projcts.

Caldwll, Josph R.

1967 Investiations at Ta-i-Ibis . Illinois Stat Musum Prliminary Rports 9. Springfild: Illinois Stat Mu-sum Socity.

1968 “Tll-i Ghazir.” Reaexikon der Assyriooie nd verderasiatiscen Arcäooie 3: 348–55.

Calvt, Yvs

1983 “L sondag profond n Y. 27 (1981).” In larsa et ‘Oeii: Travax de 1978–1981, ditd by J.-L. Huot,pp. 15–70. Rchrch sur ls Civilisations, Mémoir 26. Paris: Éditions Rchrch sur ls Civilisations.

1985/86 “Th Nw Dp Sounding X 36 at Tll l-‘Ouili.” Smer 44: 67–87.

1986 “L nivau Obid 1 d Tll l-‘Ouili.” In Préistoire de a Mésopotamie: la Mésopotamie préistori-qe et ’exporation récente d Djebe hamrin, ditd by J.-L. Huot, pp. 129–39. Colloqu intrnationaldu Cntr National d la Rchrch Scintifiqu. Paris: Éditions du Cntr National d la RchrchScintifiqu.

Canal, Danil1978 “La haut trrass d l’Acropol d Sus.” Paéorient 4: 169–76.

Cartr, elizabth

1978 “Sus “Vill Royal.” Paéorient 4: 197-211

1979 “elamit Pottry, ca. 2000–1000 b.c.” Jorna o Near Eastern Stdies 38: 111–28.

1980 “excavations in Vill Royal I at Susa: Th Third Millnnium B.C. Occupation.” Caiers de a dééa-tion arcéooiqe rançaise en Iran 11: 11–134.

Cartr, elizabth, and Matthw W. Stolpr

1984 Eam: Srvey o Poitica history and Arcaeooy. Univrsity of California Publications in Nar east-rn Studis 25. Los Angls: Univrsity of California Prss.

Child, V. Gordon

1936 Man Makes himse . Th Library of Scinc and Cultur 5. London: Watts & Co.1951 Socia Evotion. London: Watts.

Contnau, Gorg, and Roman Ghirshman

1935 foies d Tépé giyan près de Néavand 1931 et 1932. Paris: Paul Guthnr.

Costin, Cathy L., and Mlissa B. Hagstrum

1995 “Standardization, Labor Invstmnt, Skill, and th Organization of Cramic Production in Lat Pr-hispanic Highland Pru.” American Antiqity 60: 619–39.

oi.uchicago.edu


31/483

xxxi

Coursy, Chryl L.

1997 Shaping, Stwing, Srving, and Brwing: Uruk Priod Pottry Production and Consumption in AlluvialMsopotamia. Ph.D. dissrtation, Dpartmnt of Anthropology, Stat Univrsity of Nw York at Bing-hamton.

Cribb, Rogr

1991 Nomads in Arcaeooy. Cambridg: Cambridg Univrsity Prss.

D’Altroy, Trnc, and Timothy earl1985 “Stapl Financ, Walth Financ, and Storag in th Inca Political economy.” Crrent Antropooy 26:

187–206.

Damrow, Ptr, and Robrt englund

1985 “Di Zahlzichnsystm dr archäischn Txt aus Uruk.” In Zeiceniste der arcäiscen Texte asurk , ditd by M. W. Grn and Hans Nissn, pp. 117–56. Brlin: Gbrüdr Mann.

1989 Te Proto-Eamite Texts rom Tepe Yaya . Amrican School of Prhistoric Rsarch Bulltin 39. Cam-bridg: Harvard Univrsity Prss.

d Gnouillac, Hnri

1934 foies de Teo. Vol. 1: Époqes présaroniqes. Paris: Paul Guthnr.

Dlougaz, Pinhas

1952 Pottery rom te Diyaa Reion. Orintal Institut Publications 63. Chicago: Univrsity of ChicagoPrss.

Dlougaz, Pinhas, and Hln J. Kantor

1996 Coa Mis. Volum 1: Te first five Seasons o Excavations, 1961–1971. editd by Abbas Alizadh.Orintal Institut Publications 101. Chicago: Th Orintal Institut.

Dlougaz, Pinhas, and Ston Lloyd

1942 Pre-Saronid Tempes in te Diyaa Reion. Orintal Institut Publications 58. Chicago: Univrsity ofChicago Prss.

d Mcqunm, Roland

1912 “Catalogu d la céramiqu pint susinn consrvé au Musé du Louvr.” In Céramiqe peinte deSse et petits monments de ’époqe arcaïqe, ditd by J. d Morgan, pp. 105–58. Mémoirs d lamission archéologiqu n Prs, Cinquièm séri 13. Paris: ernst Lroux.

1934 “Fouills d Sus 1929–1933.” In Arcéooie, métrooie et nmismatiqe ssienne, ditd by M. F.Allott d la Fuÿ, N. T. Blaiw, R. d Mcqunm, and J.-M. Unvala, pp. 177–237. Mémoirs d lamission archéologiqu d Prs, Mission n Susian 25. Paris: ernst Lroux.

d Mcqunm, Roland; G. Contnau; R. Pfistr; and N. T. Blaiw

1943 “Fouills d Sus, 1933–1939. “ In Arcéooie ssienne, ditd by R. d Mcqunm and G. Contnau,pp. 3–161. Mémoirs d la mission archéologiqu n Iran, Mission d Susian 29. Paris: Prsss Univr-sitairs d Franc.

d Miroschdji, Pirr

1978 “Stratigraphi d la périod néo-élamit Sus (c. 1110 – c. 540).” Paéorient 4: 213–28.

d Morgan, Jacqus

1905 Recerces arcéooiqes. Mémoirs d la mission archéologiqu d Prs, Troisièm séri 8. Paris:ernst Lroux.

Diakonoff, Igor M.

1974 Strctre o Ancient Society and State in Eary Dynastic Smer . Monographs of th Ancint Nar east1(3). Malibu: Undna Publishrs.

Ditlr, Michal, and Ingrid Hrbich

1998 “Habitus, Tchniqus, Styl: An Intgratd Approach to th Social Undrstanding of Matrial Culturand Boundaris.” In Arcaeooy o Socia Bondaries, ditd by Miriam T. Stark, pp. 232–63. Smith-sonian Sris in Archaological Inquiry. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Prss.

BIBlIOgRAPhY

oi.uchicago.edu


32/483

xxxii ChOghA MISh II

Dittmann, Rinhard

1984 Eine Randebene des Zaros in der früzeit: Erebnisse des Bebean-Zre Srveys. Brlinr Biträ-g zum Vordrn Orint 3. Brlin: Ditrich Rimr.

1986 “Sals, Salings, and Tablts: Thoughts on th Changing Pattrn of Administrativ Control from thLat-Uruk to th Proto-elamit Priod at Susa.” In ˝amdat Naœr: Period or Reiona Stye? (Paprs giv-n at a symposium hld in Tübingn, Novmbr 1993), ditd by U. Finkbinr and W. Röllig, pp. 332– 66. Bihft zum Tübingr Atlas ds Vordrn Orints, Rih B 62. Wisbadn: Ludwig Richrt.

Dollfus, Gnvièv

1971 “Ls Fouills: Djaffarabad d 1969 à 1971.” Caiers de a dééation arcéooiqe rançaise en Iran 1:17–161.

1975 “Ls Fouills: Djaffarabad d 1972 à 1974, Djaffarabad, périods I t II.” Caiers de a dééation ar-céooiqe rançaise en Iran 5: 11–222.

1978 “Djaffarabad, Djowi, Bandbal: Contribution à l’étud d la Susian au début V millénair t au débutdu IV millénair.” Paéorient 4: 141–67.

1983 “Djowi t Bandbal: Dux villags d la plain cntral du Khuzistan, Iran, V millénair avant J.-C.,Travaux d 1975, 1977, 1978.” Caiers de a dééation arcéooiqe rançaise en Iran 13: 17–284.

1985 “L puplmnt d la Susian au cours d V millénair.” Paéorient 11: 11–20.

Dollfus, Gnvièv, and P. encrvé

1982 “Marqus sur potris dans la Susian du V millénair: Réflxions t comparaisons.” Paéorient 8:107–15.

Dyson, Robrt H., Jr.

1966 excavations on th Acropolis at Susa and Problms of Susa A, B, and C. Ph.D. dissrtation, HarvardUnivrsity.

earl, Timothy

1997 how Cies Come to Power . Stanford: Stanford Univrsity Prss.

erkns, Jlmr W.

2003 “Rsidntial Mobility and Pottry Us in th Wstrn Grat Basin.” Crrent Antropooy 44: 728–38.

erkns, Jlmr W., and Robrt L. Bttingr

2001 “Tchniqus for Assssing Standardization in Artifact Assmblags: Can W Scal Matrial Variabil-

ity?” American Antiqity 66: 493–504.erkns, Jlmr W.; Hctor Nff; and Michal D. Glascock

2002 “Cramic Production Among Small-Scal and Mobil Huntrs and Gathrrs: A Cas Study from thSouthwstrn Grat Basin.” Jorna o Antropooica Arcaeooy 21: 200–29.

egami, Namio, and Siichi Masuda

1962 Marv-Dast . Volum 1: Te Excavation at Ta-i-Bakn 1956. Th Tokyo Univrsity Iraq-Iran Archa-ological expdition, Rport 2. Tokyo: Yamakawa Publishing.

egami, Namio, and Toshihiko Sono

1962 Marv-Dast 2: Te Excavation at Ta-i-gap 1959. Th Tokyo Univrsity Iraq-Iran Archaological ex-pdition, Rport 3. Tokyo: Yamakawa Publishing.

el-Wailly, Faisal, and Bhnam Abu s-Soof

1965 “excavations at Tll s-Sawwan, First Prliminary Rport (1964).” Smer 21: 17–32.

embrling, Goff, and Norman Yoff

1999 “Thinking about ethnicity in Msopotamian Archaology and History.” In fctpnkt urk: Arcäo-oisce Eineit as Metodiscer Vieat: Scriten ür hans Jör Nissen , ditd by Hartmut Kühn,Rinhard Brnbck and Karin Bartl, pp. 272–81. Intrnational Archäologi Studia Honoraria 6. Rah-dn/Wstf.: Mari Lidorf.

englund, Robrt K.

1993 Rviw of Beore Writin, by D. Schmandt-Bssrat. Science 260: 1670–71.

oi.uchicago.edu


33/483

xxxiii

1998 “Txts from th Lat Uruk Priod.” In Mesopotamien: Spätrk-Zeit nd früdynastisce Zeit , ditdby Josf Bowr, Robrt K. englund, and Manfrd Krbrnik, pp. 15–217. Orbis Biblicus t Orintalis160. Friburg: Univrsitätsvrlag; Göttingn: Vandnhock & Ruprcht.

englund, Robrt K., and Hans Nissn

1993 Die exikaiscen listen der arcäiscen Texte as urk . Archäisch Txt aus Uruk 3. Brlin: Gbrü-dr Mann.

Falknstin, Adam1936 Arcäisce Texte as urk . Ausgrabungn dr Dutschn Forschungsgminschaft in Uruk-Warka 2.

Lipzig: Harrassowitz.

Finman, Gary M.

1998 “Scal and Social Organization: Prspctivs on th Archaic Stat.” In Arcaic States, ditd by G. Fin-man and Joyc Marcus, pp. 95–134. School of Amrican Rsarch Advancd Sminar Sris. Santa F:School of Amrican Rsarch.

Fiandra, enrica

1981 “Th Connction Btwn Clay Salings and Tablts in Administration.” In Sot Asian Arcaeooy 1979, ditd by H. Härtl, pp. 29–43. Brlin: Ditrich Rimr.

Fiorina, Paolo

1984 “excavations at Tll Hassan, Prliminary Rport.” Smer 40: 277–89.1987 “Tll Hassan: Ls couchs halafinns t obidinns t ls rlations ntr ls dux culturs.” In Préis-toire de a Mésopotamie, ditd by Jan-Louis Huot, pp. 243–56. Paris: Cntr National d la RchrchScintifiqu.

Flannry, Knt V.

1972 “Th Origins of th Villag as a Sttlmnt Typ in Msoamrica and th Nar east: A ComparativStudy.” In Man, Settement and urbanism, ditd by Ptr J. Ucko, R. Tringhaus, and G. W. Dimblby,pp. 23–53. London: Duckworth.

1998 “Th Ground Plans of Archaic Stats.” In Arcaic States, ditd by Gary M. Finman and Joyc Marcus,pp. 15–57. School of Amrican Rsarch Advancd Sminar Sris. Santa F: Th School of AmricanRsarch.

1999 “Chifdoms in th early Nar east: Why It’s so Hard to Idntify Thm.” In Te Iranian Word: Essays

on Iranian Art and Arcaeooy Presented to Ezat O. Neaban, ditd by Abbas Alizadh, ShapourMalk-Shahmirzadi, and Yousf Majidzadh, pp. 44–63. Thran: Iran Univrsity Prss.

Forbs, Robrt J.

1964 Stdies in Ancient Tecnooy. Scond dition. Lidn: Brill.

Fribrg, Jöran

1978 Te Tird Miennim Roots o Babyonian Matematics: A Metod or te Deciperment, tro Matematica and Metrooica Anaysis, o Proto-Smerian and Proto-Eamite Semi-Pictorapic In-scriptions. Dpartmnt of Mathmatics, Chalmrs Univrsity of Tchnology Rport 1978/79. Götnborg:Dpartmnt of Mathmatics, Chalmrs Univrsity of Tchnology.

1984 “Numbrs and Masurs in th earlist Writtn Rcords.” Scientiic American 1984: 110–18.

1994 “Prlitrat Counting and Accounting in th Middl east: A Constructivly Critical Rviw of Schmandt-Bssrat’s ‘Bfor Writing.’ ” Orientaisce literatrzeitn 89: 477–502.

Fridrich, M. H.

1970 “Dsign Structur and Social Intraction: Archaological Implications of an ethnographic Analysis.” American Antiqity 35: 332–43.

Fukaii, Shiniji; Kiyoharu Horiuchi; and Toshio Matsutani

1970 Te et-Taatat: Te Excavation o Te II: Te Tird Season (1964). Tokyo: Yamakawa Publishing.

Garfinkl, Yosf

2003 Dancin at te Dawn o Arictre . Austin: Univrsity of Txas Prss.

BIBlIOgRAPhY

oi.uchicago.edu


34/483

xxxiv ChOghA MISh II

Gasch, Hrmann

1973 la poterie éamite d dexième miénaire a.C. Mémoirs d la délégation archéologiqu n Iran, Mis-sion d Susian 47. Lidn: Brill.

Gdds, David S.

1983 “Nolithic Transhumanc in th Mditrranan Pyrns.” Word Arcaeooy 15: 51–66.

Ghirshman, Roman

1938 foies de Siak près de Kasan. Volum 1: 1933, 1934, 1937 . Musé du Louvr, Départmnt ds anti-quités orintals, Séri archéologiqu 4. Paris: Paul Guthnr.

1954 Viae perse-acéménide. Mémoirs d la mission archéologiqu n Iran, Mission d Susian 36. Paris:Prsss Univrsitairs d Franc.

Gilbrt, Allan S.

1975 “Modrn Nomads and Prhistoric Pastoralism: Th Limits of Analogy.” Jorna o Ancient Near EasternSocieties o Combia university 7: 53–71.

1983 “On th Origins of Spcializd Nomadic Pastoralism in Wstrn Iran.” Word Arcaeooy 15: 105–19.

Glascock, Michal D.

1992 “Charactrization of Archaological Cramics at MURR by Nutron Activation Analysis and Multivari-at Statistics.” In Cemica Caracterization o Ceramic Pastes in Arcaeooy, ditd by Hctor Nff,pp. 11–26. Madison: Prhistory Prss.

Goff, Clar L.

1970 “excavations at Baba Jan, 1968: Third Prliminary Rport.” Iran 8: 141–56.

1971 “Luristan Bfor th Iron Ag.” Iran 9: 131–52.

Goodarzi-Tabrizi, Shoki

1999 “elamit Trracotta Figurins in th Rosicrucian egyptian Musum.” In Te Iranian Word: Essayson Iranian Art and Arcaeooy Presented to Ezat O. Neaban , ditd by Abbas Alizadh, ShapourMalk-Shahmirzadi, and Yousf Majidzadh, pp. 137–45. Thran: Iran Univrsity Prss.

Harinck, erni, and B. Ovrlat

1996 Te Cacoitic Period Parcina and hakaΩn: Beian Arcaeooica Mission in Iran, te Excava-tions in lristan, Pst-i K (1965–1979). Brussls: Royal Musum of Art and History.

Haiman, Mordchai, and Yuval Gorn1992 “‘Ngbit’ Pottry: Nw Aspcts and Intrprtations and th Rol of Pastoralism in Dsignating CramicTchnology.” In Pastoraism in te levant: Arcaeooica Materias in Antropooica Perspectives,ditd by Ofr Bar-Yosf and Anatoly M. Khazanov, pp. 143–52. Madison: Prhistory Prss.

Hansn, Donald P.

1965 “Th Rlativ Chronology of Msopotamia, Part 2: Th Pottry Squnc at Nippur from th MiddlUruk to th end of th Old Babylonia Priod.” In Cronooies in Od Word Arcaeooy, ditd byRobrt W. ehrich, pp. 201–13. Chicago: Univrsity of Chicago Prss.

Harnr, M.

1970 “Population Prssur and Social evolution of Agriculturalists.” Sotwest Jorna o Antropooy 26:67–86.

Hinrich, ernst

1932 “Di Schichtn und ihr Bautn.” In Vierter voräier Berict über die von der Notemeinscat der Detscen Wissenscat in urk nternommenen Asrabnen, by A. Nöldk, pp. 6–24. Abhandlun-gn dr Prussichn Akadmi du Wissnschaftn, Jahrgang 1932; Philosophisch-historisch Klass 6.Brlin: Vrlag dr Akadmi dr Wissnschaftn.

1937 “Di Grabung im Planquadrat K XVII.” In Acter voräier Berict über die von der Detscen for-scnsemeinscat in urk-Warka nternommenen Asrabnen, by A. Nöldk, pp. 27–55. Ab-handlungn dr Prussichn Akadmi du Wissnschaftn, Jahrgang 1936; Philosophisch-historischKlass 13. Brlin: Vrlag dr Akadmi dr Wissnschaftn.

oi.uchicago.edu


35/483

xxxv

Hlbak, Hans

1969 “Plant Collcting, Dry-farming, and Irrigation Agricultur in Prhistoric Dh Luran.” In Preistory and hman Ecooy o te De lran Pain: An Eary Viae Seqence rom Kzistan, Iran, by F. Hol,K. V. Flannry, and J. A. Nly, pp. 383–426. Mmoirs of th Musum of Anthropology 1. Ann Arbor:Univrsity of Michigan.

Hlwing, Barbara

2000 “Rgional Variations in th Composition of Lat Chalcolithic Pottry Assmblags.” In Cronooiesdes pays d Cacase et de ’Eprate ax IV e –III e miénaires, ditd by Cathrin Marro and HaraldHauptmann, pp. 145–64. Paris: D Boccard.

Hnrickson, elizabth

1985 “An Updatd Chronology of th early and Middl Chalcolithic of th Cntral Zagros Highlands, Wst-rn Iran.” Iran 23: 63–108.

Hrzfld, ernst

1930 Die Asrabnen von Samarra: Die vorescicticen Töpereien von Samarra. Brlin: Ditrich Ri-mr.

Hijjara, Ismail

1997 Te haa Period in Nortern Mesopotamia. edubba 6. London: Nabu Publications.

Hinz, Walthr 1973 Te lost Word o Eam: Re-creation o a Vanised Civiization. Nw York: Nw York Univrsity.

Hoffman, Marta

1964 Te Warp-weited loom: Stdies in te history and Tecnooy o an Ancient Impement . Studia Nor-vgica 14. Oslo: Univrsittsforlagt.

Hol, Frank

1974 “Tp Tula’i: An early Campsit in Khuzistan, Iran.” Paéorient 2: 219–42.

1975 “Th Sondag at Tapph Tula’i.” Proceedins o te Tird Anna Symposim on Arcaeooica Re-searc in Iran, pp. 63–76. Thran: Iranian Cntr for Archaological Rsarch.

1977 Stdies in te Arcaeooica history o te De lran Pain: Te Excavation o Caa Seid . Mm-oirs of th Musum of Anthropology 9. Ann Arbor: Univrsity of Michigan.

1987 Te Arcaeooy o Western Iran: Settement and Society rom Preistory to te Isamic Conqest .Smithsonian Sris in Archaological Inquiry. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Prss.

1990 “Cmtry or Mass Grav? Rflctions on Susa I.” In Contribtion à ’histoire de ’Iran: Méanes o- erts à Jean Perrot , ditd by François Vallat, pp. 1–14. Paris: Éditions Rchrch sur ls Civilisations.

Hol, Frank; Knt V. Flannry; and Jams A. Nly

1969 Preistory and hman Ecooy o te De lran Pain: An Eary Viae Seqence rom Kzistan, Iran. Mmoirs of th Musum of Anthropology 1. Ann Arbor: Univrsity of Michigan.

Huot, Jan-Louis; L. Bachlot; J. P. Braun; Yvs Calvt; Srg Cluziou; J. D. Forst; and J. Sign

1980 “Larsa: Prliminary Rport of th Svnth Campaign at Larsa and th First Campaign at Tll l-‘Ouili(1976).” Smer 36: 99–127.

Jéquir, G.

1900 “Travaux d l’hivr 1898–1899.” In foies à Sse en 1897–1898 et 1898–1899, by J. d Morgan,

G. Jéquir, and G. Lampr, pp. 111–38. Mission archéologiqu n Prs 1. Paris: ernst Lroux.Johnson, Grgory Allan

1973 loca Excane and Eary State Deveopment in Sotwestern Iran. Anthropological Paprs, Musumof Anthropology 51. Ann Arbor: Univrsity of Michigan.

1987 “Nin Thousand Yars of Social Chang in Wstrn Iran.” In Te Arcaeooy o Western Iran: Sette-ment and Society rom Preistory to te Isamic Conqest, ditd by Frank Hol, pp. 286–91. Smithson-ian Sris in Archaological Inquiry. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Prss.

1988/89 “Lat Uruk in Gratr Msopotamia: expansion or Collaps?” Oriini 14: 595–611.

BIBlIOgRAPhY

oi.uchicago.edu


36/483

xxxvi ChOghA MISh II

Jordan, Julius

1932 Dritter voräier Berict über die von der Notemeinscat der Detscen Wissenscat in urk nter-nommenen Asrabnen. Brlin: Vrlag dr Akadmi dr Wissnschaftn.

Kaboli, Mir Abdin

2000 Arcaeooica Srvey at Qomrd. Thran: Iranian Cultural Hritag Organization.

Kantor, Hln J.

1970/71 “excavations at Chogha Mish and Bonh Fazili in Khuzstan, Iran.” In Te Orienta Institte Anna Report 1970/71, ditd by J. A. Brinkman, pp. 23–30. Chicago: Th Orintal Institut.

1972/73 “excavations at Chogha Mish.” Te Orienta Institte Anna Report 1972/73, ditd by J. A. Brinkman,pp. 10–17. Chicago: Th Orintal Institut.

1974/75a “excavations at Chogha Mish.” Te Orienta Institte Anna Report 1974/75, ditd by J. A. Brinkman,pp. 17–26. Chicago: Th Orintal Institut.

1974/75b “excavations at Chogha Mish: 1974–75.” Second Anna Report to te Sanceor and to te feows ote Institte 1974/75. Los Angls: Institut of Archaology, Univrsity of California Prss.

1976 “Th Prhistoric Culturs of Chogha Mish and Bonh Fazili.” In Te Memoria Vome o te Sixt In-ternationa Conress o Iranian Art and Arcaeooy, Oxord, September 11–16, 1972 , ditd by M. Y.Kiani, pp. 177–93. Thran: Iranian Cntr for Archaological Rsarch.

1976/77 “excavations at Chogha Mish and Chogha Bonut.” Te Orienta Institte Anna Report 1976/77 , ditd

by J. A. Brinkman, pp. 15–24. Chicago: Th Orintal Institut.1977 “Th elamit Cup from Chogha Mish.” Iran 15: 11–14.

1989/90 “Chogha Mish.” Te Orienta Institte Anna Report 1989/90, ditd by William M. Sumnr, pp. 29– 37. Chicago: Th Orintal Institut.

Kirkbrid, Diana

1972 “Umm Dabaghiyah 1971: A Prliminary Rport.” Iraq 34: 3–19.

1973a “Umm Dabaghiyah 1973: A Scond Prliminary Rport.” Iraq 35: 1–7.

1973b “Umm Dabaghiyah 1973: A Third Prliminary Rport.” Iraq 35: 205–09.

1975 “Umm Dabaghiyah 1974: A Fourth Prliminary Rport.” Iraq 37: 3–10.

Kirkby, Michal J.

1977 “Land and Watr Rsourcs of th Dh Luran and Khuzstan Plains.” In Stdies in te Arcaeooica

history o te De lran Pain, ditd by Frank Hol, pp. 251–88. Mmoirs of th Musum of Anthro-pology 9. Ann Arbor: Th Univrsity of Michigan Prss.

Kohl, Phillip L.

1996 “Th Ancint economy, Transfrabl Tchnologis and th Bronz Ag World-systm: A Viw fromth Northastrn Frontir of th Ancint Nar east.” In Contemporary Arcaeooy in Teory: A Reader ,ditd by Robrt W. Prucl and Ian Hoddr, pp. 143–64. Oxford: Blackwll.

Kouchoukos, Nicholas

1998 Landscap and Social Chang in Lat Prhistoric Msopotamia . Ph.D. dissrtation, Yal Univrsity.

Kramr, Carol

1985 “Cramic Production and Spcialization.” Paéorient 11: 117–19.

Labrouss, Audran, and Rémy Boucharlat

1974 “La fouill du palais du Chaour à Sus n 1970 t 1971.” Caiers de a dééation arcéooiqe ran-çaise en Iran 2: 61–167.

Lambrg-Karlovsky, Carl C.

1970 Excavations at Tepe Yaya, Iran, 1967–1969: Proress Report No. 1. Amrican School of PrhistoricRsarch 27. Cambridg: Harvard Univrsity Prss.

1971 “Th Proto-elamit Sttlmnt at Tp Yahya.” Iran 9: 87–95.

Lambrg-Karlovsky, Carl C., and Jrmy A. Sabloff

1979 Ancient Civiizations: Te Near East and Mesoamerica . Mnlo Park, CA: Th Bnjamin/CummingsPublishing Co.

oi.uchicago.edu


37/483

xxxvii

Langsdorff, Alxandr, and Donald e. McCown

1942 Ta-i-Bakn A: Season o 1932. Orintal Institut Publications 59. Chicago: Univrsity of ChicagoPrss.

Layard, Austin Hnry

1846 “Dscription of th Provinc of Khuzistan.” Jorna o te Roya Asiatic Society o london 16: 1–105.

L Brton, Louis

1947 “Not sur la céramiqu pint aux nvirons d Sus t à Sus.” In Arcéooiqe ssienne , by R. dMcqunm, L. L Brton, and M. Rutn, pp. 120–219. Mémoirs d la mission archéologiqu n Iran,Mission d Susian 30. Paris: Prsss Univrsitairs d Franc.

1957 “Th early Priods at Susa, Msopotamian Rlations.” Iraq 19: 79–124.

L Brun, Alain

1971 “Rchrchs stratigraphiqus: L’acropol d Sus 1969–1971.” Caiers de a dééation arcéooiqe rançaise en Iran 1: 163–216.

1978 “Sus, chantir “Acropol 1.” Paéorient 4: 177-92

1980 “Ls ‘éculls grossièrs’: État d la qustion.” In l’arcéooie de ’Iraq d d’époqe néoi tiqe à 333 avant notre ére, ditd by M.-T. Barrlt, pp. 59–70. Colloqus intrnationaux du Cntr Nationald la Rchrch Scintifiqu 580. Paris: Éditions du Cntr National d la Rchrch Scintifiqu.

Lnzn, Hinrich

1964 “Di Siglabrollungn.” In XX. voräier Berict über die von dem Detscen Arcäooiscen Ins-titt nd der Detscen Orient-gesescat as Mitten der Detscen forscnsemeinscat nter-nommenen Asrabnen in urk-Warka, ditd by H. Lnzn, pp. 22–23. Brlin: Gbrüdr Mann.

1974 “Trrakottn.” In XXV. voräier Berict über die von dem Detscen Arcäooiscen Institt ndder Detscen Orient-gesescat as Mitten der Detscen forscnsemeinscat nternommenen

Asrabnen in urk-Warka, ditd by H. Lnzn, pp. 27–30. Brlin: Gbrüdr Mann.

Lvin, Louis, and T. Cuylr Young

1987 “A Summary of th Cramic Assmblags of th Cntral Wstrn Zagros from th Middl Nolithicto th Lat Third Millnnium b.c.” In Préistoire de a Mésopotamie: la Mésopotamie préistoriqeet ’exporation récente d Djebe hamrin, ditd by J.-L. Huot, pp. 15–53. Colloqu intrnational du

Cntr National d la Rchrch Scintifiqu. Paris: Éditions du Cntr National d la Rchrch Scin-tifiqu.

Lvy, Thomas evan

1983 “Th emrgnc of Spcializd Pastoralism in th Southrn Lvant.” Word Arcaeooy 15: 15–36.

Librman, Stphn J.

1980 “Of Clay Pbbls, Hollow Clay Balls and Writing: A Sumrian Viw.” American Jorna o Arcaeo-oy 84: 339–58.

Lloyd, Ston

1978 Te Arcaeooy o Mesopotamia rom te Od Stone Ae to te Persian Conqest. London: Thams &Hudson.

Lloyd, Ston, and Fuad Safar

1943 “Tll Uqair: excavations by th Iraq Govrnmnt Dirctorat of Antiquitis in 1940 and 1941.” Jornao Near Eastern Stdies 2: 131–58.

1945 “Tll Hassuna: excavations of th Iraq Govrnmnt Dirctorat Gnral of Antiquitis in 1943 and1944.” Jorna o Near Eastern Stdies 4: 255–84.

1948 “eridu: A Prliminary Communication on th Scond Sason’s excavations, 1947–1948.” Smer 4:115–27.

Loftus, William Knntt

1857 Traves and Researces in Cadaea and Ssiana. London: Jams Nisbt.

BIBlIOgRAPhY

oi.uchicago.edu


38/483

xxxviii ChOghA MISh II

Lupton, Alan

1996 Stabity and Cane: Socio-poitica Deveopment in Nort Mesopotamia and Sot-East Anatoia 4000–2700 b.c. British Archaological Rports Intrnational Sris 627. Oxford: British ArchaologicalRports.

Mackay, ernst

1931 Report on Excavations at Jemdet Nasr, Iraq. Fild Musum of Natural History, Anthropology Mmoirs

1(3). Chicago: Fild Musum Prss.Malk-Shahmirzadi, Sadgh

1977 “Th excavation of Sagzabad Mound, Qazvin Plain, Iran, 1970–71.” Marik 2: 67–79.

1979 “A Spcializd Housbuildr in an Iranian Villag of th VIth Millnnium B.C.” 5: 183–92.

1980 “Tp Zaghh and th Problm of th Fugitiv Paintd Pottry.” Srvey and Excavations 3: 13–21.

Mallowan, Max e. L., and J. Cruikshank Ros

1935 “excavations at Tll Arpachiyah, 1933.” Iraq 2: 1–178.

Mandr, Pitro

1986 I Panteon di Ab„-ŒaΩbÏk. Sris Minor, Istituto Univrsitario Orintal Dipartimnto di Studi Asiati-ci 26. Napls: Istituto Orintal.

Marro, Cathrin, and Harald Hauptmann, ditors

2000 Cronooies des pays d Cacase et de ’Eprate ax IV e –III e miénaires. Paris: D Boccard.Marshack, Alxandr

1972a Te Roots o Civiization: Te Conitive Beinnins o Man’s first Art, Symbo and Notation. NwYork: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

1972b “Uppr Palolithic Notation and Symbol.” Science 178: 817–28.

Masson, V. M., and Victor I. Sarianidi

1972 Centra Asia: Trkmenia Beore te Acaemenids. Ancint Popls and Placs 79. London: Thams &Hudson.

Masuda, Siichi

1972 “excavations at Tapph Sang- ◊axmΩq.” In Proceedins o te first Anna Symposim on Arcaeo-oica Researc in Iran, ditd by F. Baghrzadh, pp. 1–5. Thran: Iranian Cntr for Archaological

Rsarch.1974 “excavations at Tapph Sang- ◊axmΩq.” In Proceedins o te Second Anna Symposim on Arcaeo-oica Researc in Iran, ditd by F. Baghrzadh. pp. 23–33. Thran: Iranian Cntr for Archaologi-cal Rsarch.

Michalowski, Piotr

1993 Rviw of Beore Writin , by D. Schmandt-Bssrat. American Antropooist 95: 996–99.

Millr, Danil

1985 Arteacts as Cateories: A Stdy o Ceramic Variabiity in Centra India. Cambridg: Cambridg Uni-vrsity Prss.

Millr, Naomi F.

1996 “Sd-atrs of th Ancint Nar east: Humans or Hrbivor?” Crrent Antropooy 37: 521–28.

2003a “Archaobotany in Iran, Past and Prsnt.” In Yeki Bd, Yeki Nabd: Essays on te Arcaeooy o Iranin honor o Wiiam M. Smner, ditd by Naomi F. Millr and Kamyar Abdi, pp. 9–16. Cotsn Institutof Archaology Monograph 48. Los Angls: Univrsity of California, Los Angls.

2003b “Plant Rmains from th 1996 excavation.” In Excavations at te Preistoric Mond o Coa Bont, Kzestan, Iran: Seasons 1976/77, 1977/78, and 1996 , by Abbas Alizadh, pp. 123–28. Orintal Insti-tut Publications 120. Chicago: Th Orintal Institu.

Mortnsn, Pdr

1964 “Additional Rmarks on th Chronology of early Villag Farming Communitis in th Zagros Ara.”Smer 20: 28–36.

oi.uchicago.edu


39/483

xxxix

1976 “Chalcolithic Sttlmnts in th Holailan Vally.” In Proceedins o te fort Anna Symposim on Arcaeooica Researc in Iran, ditd by F. Baghrzadh, pp. 42–62. Thran: Iranian Cntr for Ar-chaological Rsarch.

Munchav, R. M., and N. Ya. Mrprt

1981 Eariest Arictra Settements o Nortern Mesopotamia: Te Investiations o te Soviet Expeditionin Iran. In Russian with english summary. Moscow: Nauka.

Munchav, R. M.; N. Ya. Mrprt; and N. O. Badr 1984 “Archaological Studis in th Sinjar Vally, 1980.” Smer 43: 32–53.

Nff, Hctor

1993 “Thory, Sampling, and Analytical Tchniqus in th Archaological Study of Prhistoric Cramics.” American Antiqity 58: 23–44.

1994 “RQ-mod Principal Componnts Analysis of Cramic Compositional Data.” Arcaeometry 36: 115–30.

2000 “Nutron Activation Analysis for Provnanc Dtrmination in Archaology.” In Modern Anaytica Metods in Art and Arcaeooy, ditd by e. Cilibrto and G. Spoto, pp. 81–134. Chmical AnalysisSris 155. Nw York: Wily-Intrscinc.

Nff, Hctor, and Michal D. Glascock

1997 Compositional Analysis of early Third Millnnium Msopotamian Paintd Cramics. Unpublishd r-port prpard for Goff embrling, Orintal Institut, th Univrsity of Chicago. Univrsity of MissouriRsarch Ractor, Columbia, Missouri.

Ngahban, ezat O.

1973 “Prliminary Rport of th excavation of Sagzabad.” Marik 1: 1–9.

1977 “Prliminary Rport of Qazvin expdition: excavations of Zagh, Qabrstan, and Sagzabad 1971–72.” Marik 2: 26–44.

Nicklin, Kith

1981 “Pottry Production and Distribution in Southast Nigria.” In Prodction and Distribtion: A CeramicViewpoint , ditd by H. Howard and e. Morris, pp. 169–86. British Archaological Rport IntrnationalSris 120. Oxford: British Archaological Rports.

Nissn, Hans J.

1970 “Grabung in dn Quadratn K/L XII in Uruk-Warka.” Badader Mitteinen 5: 101–91.

1986 “Th Dvlopmnt of Writing and Glyptic Art.” In ˝amdat Naœr: Period or Reiona Stye? , Paprsgivn at a symposium hld in Tübingn, Novmbr 1993, ditd by Uw Finkbinr and Wolfgang Röl-lig, pp. 316–31. Bihft zum Tübingr Atlas ds Vordrn Orints, Rih B, Gistswissnschaftn 62.Wisbadn: Richrt.

1988 Te Eary history o te Ancient Near East 9000–2000 B.C. Chicago: Univrsity of Chicago Prss.

2001 “Cultural and Political Ntworks in th Ancint Nar east during th Fourth and Third Millnnia B.C.”In urk Mesopotamia and Its Neibors, ditd by Mitchll Rothman, pp. 149–80. Th School of Amr-ican Rsarch Advancd Sminar Sris. Santa F: School of Amrican Rsarch.

Nissn, Hans J.; Ptr Damrow; and Robrt K. englund

1991 früe Scrit nd Tecniken der Wirtscatsverwatn im aten Vorderen Orient: Inormationsspeci-cern nd -verarbeitn vor 5000 Jaren. Bad Salzdtfurth: Franzbckr.

Oats, Joan1959 “Lat Assyrian Pottry from Fort Shalmansr.” Iraq 21: 130–46.

1960 “Ur and eridu: Th Prhistory.” Iraq 22: 32–50.

1968 “Prhistoric Invstigations Nar Mandali, Iraq.” Iraq 30: 1–20.

1969 “Chogha Mami 1967–68: A Prliminary Rport.” Iraq 31: 115–52.

1993 “Trad and Powr in th 5th and 4th Millnnia b.c.: Nw evidnc from Northrn Msopotamia.” Word Arcaeooy 24: 403–22.

Oats, Joan; T. e. Davidson; D. Kamilli; and e. McKrrll

1977 “Safaring Mrchants of Ur?” Antiqity 60: 221–34.

BIBlIOgRAPhY

oi.uchicago.edu


40/483

xl ChOghA MISh II

Oppnhim, A. Lo

1959 “On an Oprational Dvic in Msopotamian Buraucracy.” Jorna o Near Eastern Stdies 18: 121– 28.

Pollard, A. M.

1986 “Data Analysis.” In greek and Cypriot Pottery: A Review o Scientiic Stdies , ditd by R. e. Jons,pp. 56–83. Fitch Laboratory, Occasional Papr 1. Athns: British School at Athns.

Pollock, Susan1989 “Powr and Politics in th Susa A Priod.” In upon Tis fondation: Te ‘ubaid Reconstrcted , ditd

by elizabth F. Hnrickson and Ingolf Thusn, pp. 281–92. Copnhagn: Univrsty of CopnhagnPrss.

2001 “Th Uru

Documents

Alizadeh 2008-Chogha Mish II