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Trends of Network Evolution
2G 3G
Wireless Wireline
circuitpacket(Voip)
ALL IPNetwork
Tremendous Growth in Data Traffic
It’s not a choice but an inevitable trend
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Advantage of All IP Structure
Single network that represents the convergence of multiple independent networks (voice, data, video) into a single unified network
Operational efficiencies of a single integrated network Facilitate new service development and implementation Shorten time-to-market for new services Seamless deployment of voice services across packet
network Distributed networking model for scalability, performance,
and reliability
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3G Standard Activities
3GPP (1)– Global specifications for GSM/MAP network evolution to– 3G and the UTRA RTT– Almost Mature Standards
3GPP2– Global specifications for ANSI/TIA/EIA-41 network– evolution to 3G and global specifications for the RTTs– supported by ANSI/TIA/EIA-41– Standards under development
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ALL IP Network 관련연구동향standardization efforts
3GPP3GPP2
3G.IP
IETF
MWIF
ARIB/TTC
ETSI ANSI/TIAFusitsu
Nokia
Erricson
BT
AT&T
NEC
Panasonic
Mitsubishi
Docomo
Lucent
Nortel
Cisco
Toshiba
Telcordia
Hitachi
Qualcomm
Vodafone
Motorola Sprint/PCS
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Generic All IP Network Architecture
IP Core
1G/2G GW1G/2G
RAN
3G RAN
SA RTS
WCCA
Legacy App
Application servers
HSS
PacketGW
Signalling GW
3G RAN GW
Trunk GW
Other Networks
Packet Public Data Network
SignallingNetwork
PSTN
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Key components of all IP architecture
Radio Network The Core Packet Network The Call Control Gateways to mobile systems and to external
networks The Service architecture
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3GPP
3GPP - 3rd Generation Partnership Project Development of 3rd generation cellular systems based on
GSM architecture– GSM– GPRS– WCDMA– EDGE
Supported by several regional standardization bodies :– ETSI (Europe)– ARIB, TTC (Japan)– CWTS (China)– T1 (U.S.)– TTA (Korea)
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All-IP wireless network discussed in 3GPP : History [July 99] 3GPP All-IP network feasibility study started [Sept 99] TSG-S2 R00 AdHoc submitted results of the TSG-S2 for
approval [Oct 99] After TSG-S2 approval, TSG-S2 R00 AdHoc Group results
were submitted to TSG-SA for approval to be the first Spec. [Oct 99] After TSG-SA approval, Project planning work for R00
(including All-IP option) was started at TSG-S2 project planning AdHoc groups.
[Dec 99] After TSG-S2 approval, the detailed workplan for R00 (including All-IP network option) was submitted to TSG-SA for approval.
[Jan 00 - Dec 00] Work within 3GPP TSGs and WGs proceed according to the TSG-SA approved R00 Project plan.
[Dec 00] Release 00 specifications completed including All-IP option.
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3GPP All-IP wireless network reference architecture : Option- 1
Option 1 is based on packet technologies and IP telephony for simultaneous real time and non real time services.
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3GPP All-IP wireless network reference architecture : Option- 2
Option 2 is to support of release 99 CS domain terminals.
Option 2 also supports the IP based services of option 1.
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3GPP Signaling Protocol Stack
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Features of 3GPP All-IP GPRS-based Mobility management - GSN+HSS(=HLR) Call control - Further study (H.323 and SIP are used as examples) Compatibility with existing networks - Support of CS domain GSM
terminals QoS support - GPRS QoS support scheme even if call control
protocols are introduced Support of EDGE Handover and Roaming - Supported
– Within UMTS R00 IP network– Between All-IP and CS domain/GSM
AirLink Optimization for Real-Time IP - Header compression/decompression and Header stripping /regeneration for
IP/UDP/RTP stack Security - For Further study
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3GPP2
3GPP - 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 Development of 3rd generation cellular systems
as evolution of ANSI/TIA/EIA-41 networks Supported by several regional standardization
bodies :– ARIB, TTC (Japan)– CWTS (China)– TIA (U.S.)– TTA (Korea)
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3GPP2 Organization
Steering Committee Technical Specification Group
– TSG-A (A-Interface System)– TSG-C (cdma2000)– TSG-P (Wireless Packet Data Interworking)– TSG-R (Interface of 3GPP Radio Access Technology to
3G Core Network evolved from ANSI-41)– TSG-S (Service and System Aspects)– TSG-N (ANS-41/WIN)
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3GPP2 All-IP wireless network discussed in 3GPP2 [Nov 99] All-IP AdHoc was formed in TSG-S to develop an overview
of related objects, requirements, issues, and recommendations by January 2000 TSG-S meeting
[Dec 99] 1st TSG-S All-IP AdHoc in HI to output initial Recommendations
[Jan 00] 2nd TSG-S All-IP AdHoc in CA to output conclusions of the adhoc group– Phase-1 : All-IP Network Reference Model (NRM), Stage 1, 3GPP2
workplan– Phase-2 : Stage2 and 3 development– A desire for an all IP network architecture common between 3GPP and
3GPP2– Use of the IETF IP protocols whenever possible
[Feb 00] 3rd TSG-S All-IP AdHoc in CA Discussion on NRM proposals and workplan
[Mar 00] 4th TSG-S All-IP AdHoc in JapanSteering Committee
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3GPP2 All-IP wireless network proposals Lucent CISCO Ericsson Sun Telcordia/TOSHIBA Potential participants : Sprint PCS, Motorola,
Samsung,Nokia, Vodafone/Airtouch, Sony, 3COM, GTE, Nortel, Bell Atrantic Mobile, Qualcomm, LGIC, IDO, SK Telcom, LG Telecom, Hyndai, NEC, KDD, DDI, Fujitsu, Oki, Ericsson
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3GPP2 All-IP NRM proposal Lucent
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3GPP2 UMTS/EDGE/cdma2000Common All-IP NRM proposal, Lucent
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Common concept of All-IP NRM Lucent
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3GPP2 All-IP NRM proposalCISCO
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3GPP2 All-IP NRM proposalEricsson
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3GPP2 All-IP NRM proposalTelcordia and Toshiba
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CDMA2000 Phased NRM
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Features of 3GPP2 All-IP
Mobile-IP-based [All proposals] Mobility management - L2 mechanism [Sun] or IP-based
mobility management [Cisco] for micromobility and Mobile-IP for macromobility [All proposals]
Call control - TBD (H.323[Lucent], SIP[Lucent, Telcordia,TOSHIBA])
Compatibility with existing networks - Support TSG-P network QoS support - Requirement Proposal to support UMTS and EDGE (Lucent) Handover and Roaming - TBD AirLink Optimization for Real-Time IP - Requirement Security - RequirementGPRS-based
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IETF IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force Working group [IP routing for wireless/mobile hosts (Mobile
IP)] Extension and improvement of Mobile IP Route optimization in Mobile IP Mobility support in IPv6 Mobile IP regional registration Revised Tunneling for Mobile IP Micromobility support Mobile IP based micro mobility management protocol in the
third generation Cellular IP Mobile IP Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
requirements Adaptation to wireless network Requirements on Mobile IP from a cellular perspective
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MWIF MWIF - Mobile Wireless Internet Forum Drive an Open Internet-based architecture that
– enables seamless integration of mobile telephony and IP-based Services (voice, data, video, web, etc.) for the mobile wireless networks, and
– is independent of the Air interface Influence and align standards with target architecture Act as driver that is complementary to the existing standards
working groups and provide a common voice of global operators
Is operator/service provider driven Supported by around 50 companies, which includes
– Vendors CISCO, Motorola, 3COM, Fujitsu, Hitachi, IBM, Lucent, Nokia,
Nortel, Qualcomm, Siemens, Sony, Sun, etc.– Providers
Vodafone AirTouch, DDI, SprintPCS, IDO, Bell Atlantic Mobile, Telstra, etc.IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force
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3G.IP Consists of BT, AT&T, Ericsson, Nokia, Nortel,
etc. Target radio system : GPRS-based TDMA and
CDMA Interim network standards established by the end
of 2000, which include both circuit-switched and packet data Elements
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3G.IP Consists of BT, AT&T, Ericsson, Nokia, Nortel,
etc. Target radio system : GPRS-based TDMA and
CDMA Interim network standards established by the end
of 2000, which include both circuit-switched and packet data Elements
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Comparison of 3GPP & 3GPP2
3GPP 3GPP2
Fundamental network
configurationGPRS Mobile-IP (All)
Mobility management (MM) GSN+HSS=(GPRS MM)L2 Mechanism [Sun, etc.] or IP-based MM [CISCO] for micromobility, Mobile-IP for macromobility [All]
Call ControlFurther study (H.323,
SIP)H.323 [Lucent], SIP [Lucent, Telcordia,TOSHIBA]
Compatibility with existing networks
Support of CS domain
GSM terminalsSupport TSG-P (ANSI-41 base) network
QoS support GPRS QoS scheme Requirement only
Support of other radio systems
EDGE UMTS and EDGE [Lucent]
Handover and Roaming Supported TBD
AirLink Optimization for Real-Time IP
Header compression and
striping
Requirement only
Security Further study Requirement only
Current Specification Statusdetailed version by the
end of 2000
Proposals and
discussion
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OPEN ISSUES
Current Status Goal
Mobility management
GPRS, L2 mechanism,
Mobile-IP,
IP-Protocol based micro mobility
IP-Protocol based unified
and single mobility
management protocol
QoS supportGPRS QoS support
scheme
IP-centric QoS gurantee
scheme
Call control H.323, SIPAppropriate protocols in
cellular environments
RoamingRoaming gateway,
remote AAA, regional
Mobile IP registering
Distributed authentication
Harmonization of different
approach
Different approach
(GPRS vs. Mobile-IP)
development of
appropriate hooks
AirLink Optimization Header
compression/stripping
More efficient
transmission scheme
compatible with existing
IP protocols
Support of circuit switching QoS Support More flexible and efficient
QoS control
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Post 2001 Architectures Time Frame 1
– Separate Voice and Data Networks but integrated Access
– TIA PN-4286 Network Architecture
Time Frame 2– Combined Voice over IP and IP networks for both access and
backbone networks
– Voice and IP combined in Network
– Voice and IP combined in Access
– Voice is sent over IP instead of using PCM
IP Network Options– H.323: Cisco, HP, Sonus
– MGCP: Cisco, Lucent, Nortel, Sonus, Telcordia
– SIP: 3Com, Cisco, Ericsson, Lucent, Nortel
– MEGACO authors: FORE, Gotham, Lucent, Nortel, Telcordia
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Protocol Stack
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LINK LAYER (TULIP) Transport Unaware Link Improvement Protocol A candidate of solution for interfering problem
between RLP and TCP Proposed at University of California, Santa Cruz
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LINK LAYER (TULIP) Transport Unaware Link Improvement Protocol A candidate of solution for interfering problem
between RLP and TCP Proposed at University of California, Santa Cruz Service aware, not protocol aware (Looking into
TCP headers is not necessary)– Reliable service TCP data– Unreliable service UDP data, TCP ACKs*
Subsequent cumulative ACKs supersede the information in the lost ACK
Periodical transmission with time interval using RLP layer buffer– The time interval equal to propagation delay at Link layer– Decrease temporal deviation of transmission speed
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Network Layer Mobility Management Mobile IP
– HAWAII– Cellular IP– HMMP– GPRS Mobility Management– CDPD Mobility Management
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Network Layer Mobility Management
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Beyond 3G
OFDM & Dynamic Packet Assignment– Transmission rate of 2-5Mbps in macrocell, 10Mbps and
above in microcells
Iceberg (UC-Berkeley) – Potentially Any Network Services (PANS): beyond just the
two party telephone call service; requires a network/device independent system
– Personal Mobility: person as communication endpoint; requires a single identity for an individual – iUID
– Service Mobility: seamless mobility across different devices in the middle of a service session
– Easy Service Creation and Customization– Scalability, Availability and Fault Tolerance
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Conclusions
ALL IP network : plenty of technologies and migration path unresolved
Many promise for ALL IP common network Many research issues for 3G/4G Network
architecture
