An an Tom i His to Log i Jaring an Periodontal

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    ANATOMI & HISTOLO

    JARINGAN PER

    O

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    BLOK BASIC DENTAL SCIENC

    Program Studi/ Jurusan Kedokteran Gig

    TA. 2011/ 2012

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    Referensi : Berkovitz BKB., HollanHistology and Embriolo

    Fedi PF., Vernino AR.,

    Periodontic Syllabus. E

    Manson JD., Eley BM. 1Periodontics. Editor Sua

    Newman MG., Takei H

    Periodontology. 10th E

    Putri MH., Herijulianti

    Penyakit Jaringan KerJuwono. Jakarta: EGC.

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    Deskrips

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    STR(the to

    1.

    2.3.

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    Anantom

    Histolog

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    Liga

    pem

    serame

    pro

    bon

    1

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    PERIODONTAL FIBERS

    Elemen terpenting dari ligamen periodontal adalahprincipal fibers (serabut2 dasar) terdiri atas kolagen

    tersusun dlm bundles dan mengikuti alur gelombang

    (longitudinal section)Fibers pada sambungan antara principal fibers dengan

    sementum dan tulang serabut Sharpeys (sharpey

    fibers)

    The principal fibers 6 group : transeptal, alveolacrest, horizontal, oblique, apical dan interradicular.

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    Group Transeptal Serat transisi antara serat gingiva

    utama ligamen periodontal. Meluas pd permukaan inte

    di atas puncak septum interdental.

    Group Alveolar Crest Serat meluas dan berjalan

    sementum (tepat di bawah junctional epithelial) men

    tulang alveolar.

    Fungsi: menahan gigi di dalam soket jika ada tekanan

    dan lateral.

    Group Horizontal Serat meluas tegak lurus dengan

    dari sementum ke tulang alveolar.

    Fungsi: idem atas

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    Group Ob

    Serat me

    oblique da

    Menerima

    Group Inpercabang

    Group Api

    tulang pad

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    4 types cells : 1. Connective tissue cells

    2. Epithelial rest cells

    3. Immune system cells

    4. Cells ~ with neurovascular elements

    Connective tissue cells : fibroblasts, cementoblasts, dan cementoclasts di permukaan osseus dan

    periodontal ).

    Ephitelial rest cell (Malassez) : Berada pd ligamen

    sementum, apikal dan servikal. Berkurang seiring usia.

    Immune system cells : neutrophils, lymphocytes, macr

    eosinophils.

    SUBSTANSI

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    SUBSTANSI

    DASAR

    Consist of 2 main components :

    1. Glycosaminoglicans (hyaluronicacid & proteoglycans)

    2. Glycoprotein (fibronectin & laminin)

    Also has a high water content (70%)Kadang ditemukan massa terkalsifikasi : cementicles

    Cementicles may develop from calcified epithelial rests,

    small spicules of cementum or alveolar bone traum

    displaced into periodontal ligament, from calcified sh

    fibers and from calcified, trombosed vessels with

    periodontal ligament.

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    1.

    2.

    3.

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    1. Physical functions :

    Melindungi pembuluh darah dan saraf dari

    tekanna mekanik

    Menyalurkan tekanan oklusal ke tulang

    alveolar Melekatkan gigi ke tulang alveolar

    Memelihara hubungan jaringan gingiva ke

    gigi

    Sebagai peredam tekanan oklusal (shock

    absorption)

    2

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    3. Nutritional and sensory functions :

    Menghantarkan tekanan taktil dan sensasi

    nyeri melalui jalur trigeminal

    4 types of neural transmission :

    1. free endings : treelike config carry painsensation

    2. ruffini-like mechanorespt apical area

    3. coiled meissners corpuscles mechanorespt -

    midroot

    4. spindlelike pressure and vibration ending -

    apex

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    Se

    (av

    pema

    se

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    Organic matrix : 50%-55%

    Type I collagen (90%)

    Type III collagen (5%)

    Cementocytes

    Proteoglycans*

    Glycoprotiens

    Phosphoprotiens

    Inorganic content: Hydroxyapetites (45-50%)

    KOMPOSISI SEMENTUM

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    Ada 2 tipe sementum : Acellular (prim

    Cellular (sekunder). Keduanya berisi ma

    interfibrilar terkalsifikasi dan fibril-fibril kolag

    Tipe Acellular banyak ditemukan di dae

    koronal akar, dan tipe Cellular banyak ditemu

    di daerah apikal dan bifurkasi akar gigi.

    TIPE SEMENTUM

    A ll l

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    Adalah cementum yg pertamakali terbentuk,yang menutupi sekitar cervical atau akar

    Tidak mengandung sel

    Terbentuk sebelum gigi mencapai occlusalplane (erupsi)

    Ketebalannya 30 - 230 m

    Serabut sharpey membentuk sebagian besarstruktur acellular cementum.

    Selain itu, jg mengandung fibril2 kolagen ygterkalsifikasi dan tersusun tak beraturan atau

    paralel thd permukaan.

    Acellular

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    conte

    sourc

    site

    thickn

    Menurut SCHROEDER :

    1. AAC Acellular afibrilar cementum

    2. AEFC Acellular Extrinsic Fiber Cementum

    3. CMSC Cellular Mixed Stratified Cementum4. CIFC Cellular Intrinsic Fiber Cementum

    5. Intermediate cementum

    KLASIFIKASI SEMENTUM

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    CEJ CEMENTOENAMEL JUNCTION

    Terdapat 3 tipe :

    60 % - 65 % kasus cementum overlap dgn em

    30 % - edge to edge joints exist

    5 % - 10 % - cementum and enamel fail to meet

    CDJ CEMENTODENTINAL JUNCTION

    The terminal apical area of the cementum where

    joins the internal root canal dentin.

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    KETEBALAN SEMENTUM

    coronal dr akar = 16-60m ( se-rambut)

    1/3 apikal & furkasi = 150-200m

    lebih tebal permukaan distal drpd mesial

    Sementum memiliki permeabilitas, memungkinkancairan dr pulpa dan permukaan luar akar.

    cellular cementum, terdapat canaliculi yg berhub

    dgn tubulus dentin. Permeabilitas berkurang

    bertambahnya usia.

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    1. Cemental aplasia / hypoplasia tidak

    ada cellular cementum

    2. Cemental hyperplasia /

    hypercementosis penebalan sementum

    3. Resorpsi Sementum local, sistemik,

    idiopatik

    4.

    t

    5.

    li

    ABNORMALITAS SEMENTUM

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    Tul

    ada

    danme

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    Pr

    er

    se

    bo

    Prke

    Tu

    be

    tub

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    PEMBAGIAN PROSESUS

    ALVEOLAR

    Alveolar Bone Proper

    1 Al l b

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    1. Alveolar bone proper

    Lapisan tipis tulang yg mengelilingi akar dan m

    periodontal. Nama lainnya adalah lamina du

    disebut juga plat kribriform (cribriform plate) /

    2. Cancellous bone (trabeculare/ spongy)

    Di antara tulang alveolar proprium dan tulang k

    Tulang kanselus berisi sumsum tulang.

    3. Compact bone (cortical)

    terbentuk dari tulang haversi (haversian bone) d

    lamellae).

    GAMBARAN HISTOLOGIS

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    Lamina dura

    Alveolar

    prope

    GAMBARAN HISTOLOGIS

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    1. Cells of Alveolar Bone

    Osteoblas, osteoklas dan osteosit

    2. Extra-cellular Matrix Terdiri atas 2/3 bahan anorganik (calciu

    phosphate)dan 1/3 bahan organik (collagen with small amounts of non collagenous proteins).

    KOMPOSISI TULANG ALVEOLAR

    Osteoblas membentuk matrix organik yg m

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    Osteoblas membentuk matrix organik yg mdisebut Osteoid (prebone), yang kemu

    membentuk tulang (bone).

    Osteoblas yg terjebak dlm matrix tulangberlokasi dalam lakuna (ruang dalam tulan

    melalui celah kecil disebut canaliculi.

    Resorpsi tulang terkait dengan sel bernam

    merupakan sel berinti banyak dan ditemuka

    tulang yang cekung (Howshipslacunae).

    Di dalam tulang alveolar, lakuna terdapa

    (outer), endosteal (marrow) maupun pe

    periodontal pada tulang

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    Prosesus alveolar yang sehat mengelilingi akgigi, 1-2mm dari CEJ.

    Kontur prosesus alveolar sesuai dengan tonjo

    akar dan posisi gigi.

    Ketinggian dan ketebalan plat fasial dan

    lingual dipengaruhi oleh posisi gigi, bentuk d

    ukuran akar, serta daya oklusi (hubung

    antagonisnya).

    KONTUR TULANG ALVEOLAR

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    Gi

    ya

    tip

    yg

    (mi

    Gi

    da

    ko

    kec

    FENESTRASI DEHISENSI

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    FENESTRATION- isolated areas which the

    root is denuded of bone and root surface is

    covered only by periosteum and overlying

    gingiva.

    DEHISCENCE - denuded areas extend

    through the marginal bone.

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    SELAM

    erim