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www.duyennghi.com 1
TAP HUAN : - AN TOAN LAO ONG- VE SINH LAO ONG - S CAP CU
www.duyennghi.com 2
NHNG QUY NH CHUNGI - Muc ch y ngha cua cong tac ATL - VSL
II - Ngha vu va quyen li cua ngi lao ongve ATL - VSL
III - Ngha vu va quyen han cua An toan vien va ve sinh vien .
IV - Noi Quy ATL - VSL cua Doanh nghiep
IV - Phat HC ngi lao ong co nhng hanh vi vi pham cac quynh ve AT-VSL : Ngh nh 113 CP cua chnh phu ngay16/4/2004 ( ieu 22 )
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NHNG QUY NH CU THE VE ATVSLI- ac iem va quy trnh lam viec bao am AT Ve sinh ( May moc, thiet b . .
II- Cac quy pham , tieu chuan bat buoc lien quan ti cong viec .
III- Cac bien phap AT- VS khi lao ong
IV- Phng tien bao ve ca nhan
V- Cac yeu to nguy hiem , co hai , bien phap d phong , x ly sco , s cu .
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AN TOAN LAO ONG
YEU TO NGUY HIEM LA G ?
La nhng yeu to tieu cc phat sinhtrong san xuat khi tac ong len
ngi lao ong se gay : tai nan lao ong .
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VUNG NGUY HIEM LA G ?
Vung nguy hiem la khoang khong gian o co cac yeu tonguy hiem oi vi ngi lao ong
Cac yeu to nay xuat hien :
- Thng xuyenco tnh chu ky
- Hoac bat ngTNLTNL
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PhanPhan loaloaii cacacc yeyeuu toto nguynguy hiehiemmLaLamm vieviecc trentren caocao ( ( trentren 2 2 memett ) ) BB sasapp bb oo vavaoo ngngiiBB cacacc vavatt tt trentren caocao riri vavaoo ngngiiCaCacc bobo phaphann truyetruyenn oongng , , chuyechuyenn oongng : :
+ + TruyeTruyenn oongng :: truyetruyenn babanhnh rangrang , , aiai chuyechuyenn ..+ + ChuyeChuyenn oongng :: O O toto , , xexe nangnang , , mamayy trutrucc . . + + ChuyeChuyenn oongng quay , quay , tnhtnh tietienn :: MaMayy cuocuonn eepp ..+ + ChuyeChuyenn oongng coco kekett cacauu :: nhonhonn , , sasacc cacanhnh , , nhanhann ..----> > tataoo : : NguyNguy cc cuocuonn cacann kekepp cacatt
DoDongng ieienn : : KhongKhong baobao cheche cacachch ieienn , , thiethiett bb ieienn khongkhongtietiepp aatt , , nonoii khongkhong ..
VangVang babann : : dudungng cucu -- vavatt lielieuu
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PhanPhan loaloaii cacacc yeyeuu toto nguynguy hiehiemm( ( TieTiepp theotheo ) )
ChaChayy nono ( ( LyLy -- hoahoa ) : ) : bbnhnh aapp llcclalamm vieviecc trongtrong vuvungng nguynguy hiehiemm tatamm cacann cacauu quay . quay . hoahoa chachatt oocc hahaii ( a ( a xxtt mamanhnh , , kiekiemm mamanhnh , , benben zenzen , , AcsinAcsin . .
. . ) , . . ) , cacacc hihi khkh oocc ( ( CloClo , CO , SO, CO , SO22 , NO, NO22 ))bobongng do do nhienhiett oo caocao hoahoacc lalanhnh . .
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Cac yeu to tac hai nghe nghiep Vi kh hau xau Tieng on va rung soc Bc xa va phong xa Chieu sang khong hp ly ( choi qua hoac toi qua ) Bui : Hu c ( V, TV ) , Nhan tao : nha , cao su , Bui kim
loai : Fe , Cu .. , Vo c : Silic , amiang Cac hoa chat oc Cac yeu to vi sinh vat co hai Cac yeu to ve cng o lao ong , t the lao ong go bo va
n ieu trong lao ong khong phu hp vi tam sinh ly bnhthng va nhan trac cua c the ngi lao ong .
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Cac bien phap ky thuat an toan
Thiet b che chan Thiet b bao hiem ( thiet b phong nga ) Tn hieu bao hieu Khoang cach an toan C cau ieu khien , phanh ham , ieu khien t xa Thiet b an toan rieng biet cho mot so thiet b , cong viec Trang b phng tien bao ve ca nhan Phong chay cha chay
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THIET B CHE CHAN Muc ch che chan :
- Cach ly vung nguy hiem va ngi lao ong- Ngan nga ngi lao ong ri , tut , nga hoac vat ri vangban vao ngi lao ong
Phan loai thiet b che chan :- Che chan tam thi hay di chuyen c : che san thao tactrong xay dng- Che chan lau dai hau nh khong di chuyen : bao che bophan chuyen ong
Mot so yeu cau oi vi thiet b che chan :- ngan nga - khong gay tr ngai thao tac- Khong anh hng ti nang xuat , cong xuat- De dang thao lap
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THIET B BAO HIEM Muc ch : - ngan chan s co , han che s co
V du : Qua tai - Bo phan chuyen ong a chuyen ong quav tr gii han , qua nhiet o hoac nhiet o qua thap , quacng o dong ien ---> Thiet b bao hiem dng hoatcua may .
ac iem : la qua trnh t ong loai tr nguy c s co hoactai nan
Phan loai theo kha nang t phuc hoi lai s lam viec cuathiet b bao hiem : - T ong phuc hoi : Van an toan kieu tai trong , r le nhiet- Phuc hoi bang tay : truc vt ri tren may tien- Thay the cai mi : cau ch , chot cam
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TN HIEU , BAO HIEU Muc ch :
- Nhac nh CN kp thi tranh cac tac ong xau cua SX : Bien bao , en bao , c hieu , coi bao ong - Hng dan thao tac : Bang ieu khien , He thong tn hieubang tay K can truc , lui xe o to- Nhan biet ve ky thuat va ky thuat an toan thong qua dauhieu qui c ve mau sac , hnh ve
Phan loai tn hieu , bao hieu : - Tn hieu anh sang - Am thanh ( coi chuong ) - ong ho cac loai - Mau sn ( o -> Che chan , Vang dacam -> bo phan di chuyen ) - Hnh ve va ch - Tn hieu bangtay .
Mot so yeu cau : De nhan biet - Kha nang nham lan thap, o chnh xac cao - De thc hien
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KHOANG CACH AN TOAN Khai niem :
- Khoang cach an toan la khoang khong gian nhonhat gia ngi lao ong va cac loai phng tien , thiet b , hoac khoang cach nho nhat gia cac thietb vi nhau e khong b tac ong xau cua cac yeu tosan xuat . - VD : Khoang cach an toan gia ng day ientran ti ngi
Phan loai : Tuy thuoc vao cong nghe , ac iem cua tng loaithiet b ma quy nh cac khoang cach an toan .
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C CAU IEU KHIEN , PHANH HAM , IEU KHIEN T XA
C cau ieu khien :- Nut m may , ong may , he thong tay gat , vo lang ieukhien
Phanh ham va cac khoa lien ong : - Phanh ham : Phanh c , phanh ien , phanh t- Khoa lien ong : t ong loai tr kha nang gay TNLmot khi ngi lao ong vi pham quy trnh van hanh : VD : ong bo phan bao che --> roi mi c m may . Hnh thckhoa lien ong : c kh , kh nen , thuy lc , ien , te baoquang ien
ieu khien t xa : co tac dung a ngi CN ra khoi vungnguy hiem , ong thi giam nhe KL nang nhoc , oc hai.
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THIET B AN TOAN RIENG BIET CHO MOT SO LOAI THIET B , CONG VIEC
Noi at an toan cho cac thiet ien : vo may ien, vo ong c , vo cap ien .
Cac r le ien t ong ngat ien khi s co roien .
Day ai an toan cho ngi lam viec tren cao : San thao tac va tham cach ien , sao cach iencho cong nhan van hanh ien
Phao bi cho ngi lam viec tren song
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TRANG B BAO VE CA NHAN
Trang b bao ve mat : Vat ran ban phai , khoi b bong , tianang lng .
Trang b bao ve c quan ho hap Trang b bao ve c quan thnh giac Trang b bao ve au : chong quan toc , chan thng c hoc ,
cac tia nang lng Trang b bao ve tay , chan : Ung , giay , gang tay Quan ao bao ho lao ong
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Phai eo bt tai chong on
Phai eo knhbao ve mat
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Phai eo gang bao vetay
Phai oi non bao veau
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PHONG CHAY , CHA CHAY Chay la phan ng hoa hoc co toa nhiet va phat sang Chay ch say ra khi u 3 yeu to :
+ Chat chay + O xy + Nguon nhiet Mot so nguyen nhan gay chay no pho bien :
+ Do tac ong cua ngon la tran , tan la , tia la . + Do tac dung cua nang lng ien . + Do ma sat va cham gia cac vat .+ Do phan ng hoa hoc cua hoa chat .
Bien phap phong chay cha chay .
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AN TOAN KHI LAM VIEC VI MAY CUON EP
Yeu to nguy hiem khi van hanh may : Tai nan thng say rado hai truc cuon quay ngc chieu nhau de hut tay , toc
Phng phap an toan : + Phai co bo phan dng khan cap+ Gan thiet b nh hng va hang rao bao ve khi lam viecvi tam ep , giay , vai , kim loai tam
Quy tac an toan khi van hanh : + Trc khi VH phai kiem tra trang thai hoat ong cua cacthiet b an toan : nh thiet b dng khan cap . + Thiet b dng khan cap phai c lap at v tr thuantien cho ngi s dung . + Can lap at hang rao bao ve va thiet b nh hng vtr de b ket .+ Cac cong viec kiem tra , lau chui may ch c thc hiensau khi dng may .
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AN TOAN LAM VIEC VI XE NANG
Cac yeu to nguy hiem khi van hanh xe nang : + Do tiep xuc gia ngi va xe+ Do hang ri + Do xe b o lat
Phng phap van hanh an toan : + Khong chat hang qua trong tai cho phep cua xe ;+ Duy tr s on nh khi chay va khi tai ;+ Gi ung gii han toc o cho phep khi lai xe ;+ Khong quay xe ot ngot ;+ Khong chay hoac quay xe ki a hang len cao+ S dung tay nang , thanh chen thch hp vi tngloai hang ;
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Nguy hiem do tiep xuc gia ngi va xe :ly do + Chay qua nhanh ng hep+ Khi chay lui+ Hang nhieu che tam nhn cua lai xe
Nguy hiem do hang ri : ly do + Hang e chenh venh+ Xuat phat , dng , vong ot ngot+ Tay lai cha thuan thuc
Nguy hiem do xe b o lat : Ly do + Quay xe vi toc o cao+ Nen san lam viec b ngheng+ Chat hang qua tai+ ng i khong bang phang
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AN TOAN LAM VIEC VI MAY NGHIEN Cac yeu to nguy hiem khi van hanh may :
+ oi vi may nghien , may tron khi ca may m de gayra trao nguyen lieu ; ngi b nga hoac ri+ Than the ngi tiep xuc vi cac bo phan chuyen ong ;+ Ngi khac ieu khien khi ang lau chui , sa cha thungmay .
Phng phap van hanh an toan : + khi van hanh may nghien , may tron can kiem tra nap ayva hoat ong cua bo khoa lien ket gia nap va cong tackhi ong ;+ Dng may khi lay nguyen lieu tron trong may ;+ Khi lau chui , sa cha trong thung may , can lap khoavao cong tac khi ong va bao quan cha .
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AN TOAN IEN
ac iem cua cac tai nan do ien gay ra : - Do than the ngi tiep xuc trc tiep vi ien hoac s cochay no do ien- e e phong tai nan ien giat : + Lap at thiet b che , phu tranh e lo bo phan nap ien ; + Cach ien tot e e phong h , mat ien ;+ e dau hieu bao nguy hiem vao thiet b ien+ Khi lam viec gan bo phan nap ien hoac day cao ap cans dng thiet b ien .
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Tnh chat nguy hiem cua thiet b va dung ien : a) Khi lam viec co s dung thiet b ien trong moi trngam t : Khi b t hoac mo hoi --> ien tr cua c the bgiam nhieu so vi luc kho rao --> s co ien giat de say rab) Khi cong viec co s dung cu ien di ong : + Can dung boc ong hoac ong dan e tranh lam tray lp vocua day ien ; can sap xep day gon gang . + Can noi mat Hoac noi va s dung thiet b chong mat , chong ro ien ( ELCB ) . c) Khi lam viec vi dung cu co s dung ong c ien : canngat nguon ien khi sa cha cac dung cu co dung ong cien .
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AN TOAN IEN OI VI NGI LAO ONG :ien rat nguy hiem , do o khi thiet b ien b hong khongc t y sa cha ma nhat thiet phai bao cho ngi cotrach nhiem . A) Khi s dung thiet b chieu sang di ong : Can dung thietb mang li bao ve bong -> tranh va ap --> v bong en- Can dung tay nam cach ien e keo khi di chuyen thiet b . B) Cau ch : can s dung cau ch ung tieu chuan , tranh sdung day ong hoac thep e thay the ; Khi thay the cau chnhat thiet phai ngat ien nguon . C) O cam : Trc khi cam phch phai xem nguon ien cua ocam co thch hp khong va khi khong s dung , cam tay vaophch va rut . D) Bao quan vat , chat nguy hiem phong chong chay no : Khong e cac chat kh , chat long de chay khu vc cothiet b ien .
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CAC QUY TAC AN TOAN IEN OI NGI LAO ONG
Ch co nhng ngi co chng ch chuyen mon mi c sa cha ien;
Khi phat hien hong hoc can bao cho ngi co trach nhiem; Tay t khong c s vao thiet ien ; Tat ca cac cong tac can phai co nap ay ; Khong phun hoac e ri chat long len thiet b ien : nh cong tac , mo
t , hom phan phoi ien . Kiem tra nh ky o an toan cua day dan ien Khong treo , moc o vat len day dan ien , dung cu ien ; Khong e cho day chay vat qua goc sac hoac may co canh sac , nhon ; Khong noi nhieu nhanh vi day ong truc .
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VEVE SINH LAO SINH LAO OONGNG -- BNNBNNVe sinh lao ong :
ieu kien lao ong :
Benh nghe nghiep :
Bien phap phong chong BNN :
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Cac yeu to nguy c gay BNN
Yeu to tac hai nghe nghiep : - Tac hai lien quan en Moi trng lao ong- Tac hai lien quan en Tam sinh ly lao ong & Ergonomi .
Yeu to loi song : - Cac thoi quen va hanh vi khong ung trong sinh hoat : Dinh dng , hut thuoc , uong ru , hoat ong the lc .
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TAC HAI CHUNG CUA CAC YEU TOTAC HAI NGHE NGHIEP
Khi cac yeu to nay vt tieu chuan VSCP se gay chongi lao ong : - Met moi- Nang xuat lao ong giam- Suy giam sc khoe- Cham tai tao sc lao ong
=> gay TNL & BNN
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MOI TRNG LAO ONGVat ly : - Vi kh hau , bc xa nhiet . - On , rung , ap xuat v.v. . .
Hoa hoc : - Bui - hoa chat - Hi kh oc .
Sinh hoc : - Vi khuan - Vi rut - Nam - Cong trung .
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S DUNG AN TOAN HOA CHAT1- Thong tin quan ly :Phan cong trach nhiem cu the , thng xuyen huan luyen ve
cong tac an toan hoa chat .
Hoa chat phai co nhan va phieu an toan hoa chat rieng . ocky hng dan trc khi s dung .
Tat ca cac loai bao b , chat thai eu phai c thu gom , xly theo quy nh .
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2- Van chuyen - bao quan - s dung
Khi van chuyen , hoa chat phai c cha trong cac thungchuyen dung co ay u nhan , xep at chac chan , co day aian toan .
Khong van chuyen hoa chat cung vi thc pham .
Boc xep hoa chat phai nhe nhang , can than .
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Kho tang hoa chat am bao : - Ngan nap , trat t , thong thoang . ng i lai phaithuan tien . - Co he thong bao chay va cu hoa . Co so theo doi . - Sap at theo quy nh ve an toan
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3 - Ve sinh an toan lao ongS dung ay u trang thiet b bao ho lao ong c cung cap
.
Trang thiet b BHL phai at chat lng , ung chung loai .
Ni lam viec phai co voi nc sach . Sau ca lam viec phaitam ra , giat quan ao BHL sach se , khong mang trangthiet b BHL ve nha .
Khong an , uong hut thuoc la khi ang lam viec .
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4 - Sc khoe - cap cuCo cac bien phap s cu ngi va phng tien di chuyentrng hp khan cap .
Kp thi thong bao cac dau hieu bat thng ve sc khoe cuamnh va ong nghiep cho can bo y te va ngi quan ly .
Neu b hoa chat ban vao mat phai xoi nc sach e ra matt nhat 10 phut .
Khi b day dnh hoa chat phai ci bo ngay quan ao b o nhiem, xoi nc sach ra vung da b day dnh .
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TAM SINH LY LAO ONG & ERGONOMI( Chu yeu lien quan en to chc lao ong , thiet ke v tr lao ong )
Lao ong the lc nang nhoc .
T the lao ong go bo .
Cac Stress ( tam ly va xa hoi ...)
Cang thang than kinh giac quan , nhp ieu lam viec .
Tnh n ieu cua cong viec .
Thi gian lao ong , ngh ngi khong hp ly .
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BENH NGHE NGHIEP ( Hien co 21 benh nghe nghiep c bao hiem xa hoi )
Benh phoi va phe quan- Bui phoi Silic - Bui phoi Amiang - Bui phoi bong -VFQ man nghe nghiep . Cac benh nhiem oc nghe nghiepCac benh nghe nghiep do yeu to vat ly : X-Ray , Phongxa , On , Rung , Giam ap
Cac benh da nghe nghiep : Sam da , loet da , loet vach ngan mui , viem da , cham tiep xuc
Cac benh nhiem kuan nghe nghiep : Viem gan vi rut , Leptospira
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CAC BIEN PHAP PHONG CHONG CAC YEU TO NGUY C GAY BNN
BIEN PHAP KY THUAT
- Ky thuat cong nghe- Ky thuat ve sinh
BIEN PHAP TO CHC LAO ONG
BIEN PHAP CA NHAN
BIEN PHAP Y TE
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- KY THUAT S CU TAI CHO - CAP CU NHIEM OC HOA CHAT
CAC KY THUAT S CU TAI CHO
1- Cap cu ien giat2. Cap cu bong3. Cap cu ngat th4. Cap cu ngng tim5. Cam mau bang bo vet thng . 6 . Van chuyen nan nhan
CAP CU NHIEM OC HOA CHAT
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PHAC O CAP CU NGNG TH
( Tim con ap , co mach co )
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ong tac I
1. Lay vat la hoac lau mdai trong mieng
2. au nghieng
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ong tac II1.Tay nang co2.Tay an tran
( Lam ngaau nang cam )
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ong tac III
1. Bt mui thoi manhqua mieng nan nhancho long ngc phonglen
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ong tac IV
1. Thoi 12 lan trong 1 phut en khi nannhan th c
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ong tac V
1.Khan baotrung tamcap cuen hotr
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Ghi chu
1. e nam cho thoang2. Khong tap trung ong ngi quanh
nan nhan
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PHAC O CAP CU NGAT
Con th - Tim con ap
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ong tac I
e nan nhan nam nga
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ong tac II
1. au nga ra sau ethong ho hap
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ong tac III
1. Ni long ao nt ekhong tr ngai hohap va tuan hoan
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ong tac IV
1.Dung khant lanhlau mat
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ong tac V
1. An vaxoaymanhvao iem1/3 trennhantrung
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Ghi chu
Khong tap trung ong ngi quanh nannhan
Neu 10 phut cha tnh ,mach yeu : goiTrung tam cap cu en
Khong cho uong neu nan nhan me
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PHAC O CAP CU NGNG TIM
1. Nan nhan con th2. Khong co mach co3. Con ngi dan n
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ong tac I
1. am manh vao ngcvung tim 3 am
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ong tac II
1. Neu tim khong aplai, at nan nhantren mat phang cng
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ong tac III
1. Dung got ban tayphai at trc tieplen 1/3 di xng c, va got ban tay kiaat len mu ban tayphai
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ong tac IV
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ong tac V
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Ghi chu
Khan baotrung tamcap cuen ho tr
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PHAC O CAP CU IEN GIAT
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ong tac I
1. Cup ien ( neu c ): - ha cau dao- g cau ch
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ong tac II1. An toan a nan nhan ra khoi dong ien ,
dung van , go , cay kho cach ien
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ong tac III
1. X tr ngng tim , ngng th
NH CAP CU NGNG TIM - NGNG TH A NEU TREN
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AN TOAN LAO ONG Cac yeu to tac hai nghe nghiep Cac bien phap ky thuat an toan THIET B CHE CHAN ong tac I ong tac III ong tac IV ong tac VGhi chu ong tac I e nan nhan nam nga ong tac II ong tac III ong tac IV ong tac V Ghi chu PHAC O CAP CU NGNG TIM ong tac I ong tac II ong tac III ong tac IV ong tac V PHAC O CAP CU IEN GIATong tac I ong tac II ong tac III