Application of Physical Habitat Assessment Index in Wu River and Basin of Shihmen Reservoir 授課教授：林俐玲鄭皆達陳鴻烈林德貴報告學生：安軒霈 89442003

Application of Physical HabiApplication of Physical Habitat Assessment Index in Wu tat Assessment Index in Wu River and Basin of Shihmen River and Basin of Shihmen Reservoir Reservoir

授課教授：林俐玲鄭皆達授課教授：林俐玲鄭皆達陳鴻烈林德貴陳鴻烈林德貴

報告學生：安軒霈報告學生：安軒霈 8944200389442003

NCHUSWCStream Morphology &

Engineering Lab.

Bo Ai Elementary SchoolBo Ai Elementary School

2003.1.12 2004.8.28

Original Bank

New Bank

Introduction Location: western edge of the

Pacific Ocean, seismically active region, sub-tropical area.

Area: 36,000 km2 with two-thirds of mountains.

Annual rainfall: 2,000mm.

Natural disasters: landslide, debris flow, and floods

Eastern Asia at 23°30’N, 121°00’E

Debris Flow in Song He

Before After


Engineering Lab.Introduction

Silt Work and Concrete Revetment

Check DamSubmerged Dam and Concrete Revetment

Natural Habitat


Engineering Lab.Introduction

IndexIndex introductionintroduction

QHEIQHEI Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index

Assessment method of physical environment characteristics for river. It can assess whether a river satisfies the biological needs for aquatic creatures.

ISC ISC Index of Stream Condition

Evaluate the quality of a river’s chemical, physical, and ecological characteristics

RBPRBPRapid Bioassessment Protocols

The Protocols is an economical and scientific procedure that provides investigation of various locations in a short time.

SERAS SERAS Stream Environment Rapid Assessment System

Combine the external engineering and the internal structure of river, water pattern features and ecology. It can corresponds to the river environment and ecological features of Taiwan.


Engineering Lab.

Mountain River Plain River

Introduction The assessment indexes

only describe the current situation of a river or habitat environments.Before

After

Concave Bank

Convex bank

Various river morphology have different habitat.


Engineering Lab.Stream Classification System with Five Levels

Level 1Level 1BasinBasin

Level 2Level 2DrainageDrainage

Level 3Level 3Maim RiverMaim River

Level 4Level 4ChannelChannel

ForceForce Topography

Level 5Level 5HabitatHabitat

Plane

Net

Line

Reach

GeologyProperty

GeologyStructure

SedimentTransport

Bed MaterialDistribution

HydrologicDistribution

DrainagePattern

TopographyGeometry

TopographyControl

TopographyProperty

Main RiverPattern

HydraulicProperty

ChannelShape

SedimentFlow

PropertiesBed Form Point

第一層流域特性

第二層主流特性

第三層縱橫剖面特性

第四層泥砂運移特性

第五層生態棲地特性

地質地形水系

地質特性流域幾何特性水系型態特性

底床質地形特性主流平面型態

水砂條件特性

人為

地形控制點侵蝕基準面人為控制點

、、泥砂水流地形交互作用特性人工構造物

生態棲地組成

尺度S

patial and tim

e scale

VegetationDistribution

Vegetationstability

Plant, rooteffect

Land UseDistribution

HumanActivity

Check DamWeir

Revetmentlevee

CityTown

VegetationBuffer Zone

VegetationZone

Geology Water Human Vegetation

河相與棲地關連性


Engineering Lab.Stream Classification System with Five Levels Level V – Habitat Level V – Habitat

ForceForceHabitat Habitat

Boundary ConditionBoundary ConditionHabitatHabitat

Explicit PropertyExplicit Property

Sediment,Sediment,Flow conditionFlow condition

ArtificialConstruction

Seasonal orDaily DischargeHuman Activity

Sediment

Flow

Topography

Human

Vegetation

BedMaterial

VelocityDepth

Step-poolBar

Vegetation

Transverse Constructions

Point BarsFlood Plain

WaterfrontVegetation

GroundWater

RevetmentLevee

WaterfrontBar

Aqueous

Waterfront

HabitatUnit

HabitatUnit

HabitatUnit

Waterfront

WaterfrontWaterfront

Waterfront


Engineering Lab.Stream Physical Habitat Assessment Index Aqueous habitats Aqueous habitats


Engineering Lab.Stream Physical Habitat Assessment Index Waterfront and barsWaterfront and bars


Engineering Lab.

NT4

0

25

50

75

100Sediment

Flow

TopographyVegetation

Nature

NT5

0

25

50

75

100Sediment

Flow


Nature

Stream Physical Habitat Assessment Index

Nanzaigou Creek, Artificial Habitat

Nanzaigou Creek, Natural Habitat

Application of indexApplication of indexSediment C45

Flow B53

Topography C45

Vegetation B70

Nature A84

Sediment A98

Flow A99

Topography A97

Vegetation C35

Nature A100


Engineering Lab.

NT4

0

25

50

75

100Sediment

Flow


Nature



Straight, hills and coarse bed matStraight, hills and coarse bed material river with U-shaped valley reerial river with U-shaped valley reach, artificial habitatsach, artificial habitats


Application of indexApplication of indexSediment C45

Flow B53

Topography C45

Vegetation B70

Nature A84

Sediment A98

Flow A99

Topography A97

Vegetation C35

Nature A100

NT5

0

25

50

75

100Sediment

Flow


Nature


Engineering Lab.

Sediment C45, -2.12

Flow B53, -1.84

Topography C45, -2.08

Vegetation B70, 1.40

Nature A84, -0.64

NT4

0

25

50

75

100Sediment

Flow


Nature



Straight, hills and coarse bed matStraight, hills and coarse bed material river with U-shaped valley reerial river with U-shaped valley reach, artificial habitatsach, artificial habitats


Application of indexApplication of indexSediment C45, -53

Flow B53, -46

Topography C45, -52

Vegetation B70, 35

Nature A84, -16

Sediment A98

Flow A99

Topography A97

Vegetation C35

Nature A100

NT5

0

25

50

75

100Sediment

Flow


Nature


Engineering Lab.Assessment Results

40 0 40 80 Kilometers

N Altitude (m)

Location: central-west part of Taiwan.

Area: 2,025 km2

Plain: 22%

Mountain and Hill: 44%

Forest: 34%

Average height: 651 m

Main river length: 119.1 km

Wu River Basin Wu River Basin

Habitat InvestigationHabitat Investigation Total habitats: 161

Natural habitat: 108

Artificial habitat: 61


Engineering Lab.

40 0 40 80 Kilometers

N

a: V-shaped valley

b: U-shaped valley

c: Multi-channel

d: Narrow and deep cross-section

e: Wide and shallow cross-section

I: Straight, hills and coarse bed material

II: Meandering, hills and coarse bed material

III: Braided, tableland and coarse bed material

IV: Braided, plain and coarse bed material

V: Straight, plain and coarse bed material

VI: Straight, estuary and coarse bed material

VII: Straight, estuary and fine bed material

Main River classificationMain River classification

Channel classificationChannel classification

Assessment Results


Engineering Lab.

8烏

0

25

50

75

100泥砂

水流

地形植生

自然程度

Braided, plain and coarse bedMulti-channel

3烏

0

25

50

75

100泥砂

水流

地形植生

自然程度

Straight, estuary and fine bedWide and shallow cross-section

3平

0

25

50

75

100泥砂

水流

地形植生

自然程度

Straight, Hills and Coarse Bed MaterialU-Shaped Valley

21平

0

25

50

75

100泥砂

水流

地形植生

自然程度

Meandering, Hills and Coarse BedU-Shaped Valley

Assessment Results

1北

0

25

50

75

100泥砂

水流

地形植生

自然程度

Straight, Hills and Coarse Bed V-Shaped Valley

5南

0

25

50

75

100泥砂

水流

地形植生

自然程度

Meandering, Hills and Coarse Bed V-Shaped Valley

7北

0

25

50

75

100泥砂

水流

地形植生

自然程度

Braided, Tableland and Coarse BedU-shaped Valley

15烏

0

25

50

75

100泥砂

水流

地形植生

自然程度

Braided, Tableland and Coarse BedMulti-channel

7貓

0

25

50

75

100泥砂

水流

地形植生

自然程度

Straight, plain and coarse bedNarrow and deep cross-section

2筏

0

25

50

75

100泥砂

水流

地形植生

自然程度

Straight, plain and coarse bedWide and shallow cross-section


Engineering Lab.

Construction Characteristics of the effective Index Reasons

Upstream Downstream

ConcreteRevetment

Human:2~3 levels downgraded.

Human: 1~2 levels downgraded.

The influences from the revetment are decreased as a result of the increasing of the river width.

Topography: Slightly increased.

Topography: Not obvious

The revetment could increase the bank stability obviouslyIn the upstream.

Assessment Results

Upstream Upstream Downstream


Engineering Lab.

Construction Characteristics of the effective Index Reasons

Upstream Downstream

Submerged Dam

Sediment: Slightly downgraded.

Rarely seen. Sediment deposit at the upstream of dam. Sand and silt deposit and fill the pores of bars and waterfront. It decreases the scores of sediment.

Check Dam Flow: 0.5~1 levels downgraded.

Rarely seen. Sediment deposition at the upstream and influence the habitat obviously. The structure of step-pool is submerged by sediment, and decrease the diversity of flow diversity.

Silt Work Flow: 1 level downgraded

Topography: 1 level downgraded.

Topography: 0~1 levels increased

Backwater submerge the diversity obviously in upstream. Silt works create a high density of topography in downstream

Assessment Results


Engineering Lab.

PhysicalPhysicalChemicalChemical

BiologicalBiological

Flow Velocity, Discharge, Depth, Energy, Bed Material, Pool, Riffle, Vegetation.

Biological Species, Quantity, Diversity, Aquatic Insects

BOD, Water Quality, pH, Suspended Solid,Pollution.

Effective index


Engineering Lab.

石門水庫石門水庫羅浮羅浮

榮華壩榮華壩

蘇樂蘇樂巴陵巴陵

玉峰玉峰

秀巒秀巒

白石白石鎮西堡鎮西堡

三光三光

Level I: Basin characteristiLevel I: Basin characteristi

c of Shihmen Reservoirc of Shihmen Reservoir

Area: 76,340 ha

Elevation: 135m ~ 3,529 m

Topography ： South East to North West

Land Use ： Forest: 92.69%

Annual Rainfall: 2426.9mm

Annual Discharge: 47.1cms


Engineering Lab.

選取範圍內共包含 825 處崩塌（約佔總崩塌案例之 86.0% ）

入庫泥砂入庫泥砂庫區

泰崗溪

玉峰溪三光溪

羅浮至榮華

榮華至巴陵

薩克雅金溪

此區位之第一層流域特性較不穩定

資料來源 :國家災害防救中心

歷年崩塌地調查

Effective index


Engineering Lab.

###

####

# ##

###

±

FishFish

Water QualityWater Quality

Order: 5, family: 10, species: 21Endemic Species in Taiwan: 8Alien Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss （虹鱒） , Carassius carassius（鯽魚） , Oreochromis niloticus niloticus （吳郭魚）

Field investigateField investigate

項目包括溶氧量 DO 、氨氮 Ammonia 、化學需氧量 COD 、生化需氧量 BOD等

Eight Field Investigate During 2004.4 to 2005.10

中華大學水域生態環境中心 (2005)

榮華溪榮華溪

三民溪三民溪

卡拉溪卡拉溪

霞雲溪霞雲溪Effective index


Engineering Lab.

輕度污染

中度污染

嚴重污染

極度污染

稍受 ( 未受 ) 污染

SS過高所致

水質皆屬於未受 ( 稍受 ) 污染，水質狀況佳 Effective index


Engineering Lab.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

93.4 93.7 93.風災後 93.11 94.1 94.4 94.7 94.10

月份

魚類數量

0

1

2

3

4

5SERAS

魚類等級台灣鏟頜魚

明潭吻鰕虎

台灣纓口鰍

Total

SERAS魚類等級

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

93.4 93.7 93.風災後 93.11 94.1 94.4 94.7 94.10

月份

魚類數量

0

1

2

3

4

5SERAS

魚類等級

虹鱒台灣石魚賓

台灣馬口魚台灣纓口鰍

台灣鏟頜魚平頜鱲

粗首鱲明潭吻鰕虎

Total SERAS魚類等級

卡拉溪卡拉溪 (( 卡卡 2)2)霞雲溪霞雲溪 (( 霞霞 1)1)

艾莉颱風海棠、馬莎、泰利與龍王颱風

艾莉颱風海棠、馬莎、泰利與龍王颱風

魚類數量魚類數量SERAS魚類等級

SERAS魚類等級

TotalTotal

SERAS 魚類等級

SERAS 魚類等級

颱風的影響性颱風的影響性颱風頻率及強度高時，自然恢復力量跟不上，對棲息地破壞難以弭平颱風過後大量巨石堆積，棲地大漂石有明顯增多趨勢（中華大學， 2005 ）造成深潭減少與淺瀨增加砂石堆積造成魚類生殖場與食物資源減 (Turnpenny et al., 1980)

水生物指標值平均為 3 或 4 ，即溪流狀況受人為干擾活動少，外來魚種亦較少入侵，溪流原始狀況佳

人為衝擊影響、氣候與水文特性等也影響該河段的魚群組成及族群分布人為衝擊影響、氣候與水文特性等也影響該河段的魚群組成及族群分布

Effective index


Engineering Lab.

Physical

Chemical

Biological

P + C + B = Comprehensive Effective Index

Item Category Effective Index

Assess Normalization Score

Comprehensive Effective Index

Habitat Restoration

Detail of Habitat Restoration

Habitat Damage Extent and Kind

ImprovementOr Retrogression

Comprehensive Effective Index

Effective of Artificial engineering


Engineering Lab.Conclusion

The research adopt RBP and stream classification system with five levels to construct “stream physical habitat assessment index.”

The effect of an engineering or habitat restoration could be calculated by this assessment index.


Engineering Lab.

Thanks for Your AttentionThanks for Your Attention

Documents

Application of Physical Habitat Assessment Index in Wu River and Basin of Shihmen Reservoir 授課教授：林俐玲 鄭皆達 陳鴻烈 林德貴 報告學生：安軒霈 89442003

Application of Physical Habitat Assessment Index in Wu River and Basin of Shihmen Reservoir 授課教授：林俐玲鄭皆達陳鴻烈林德貴報告學生：安軒霈 89442003