uÇmwpf0Srf;vkH;&Sd EdkifiHtoD;oD;wGif ausmufrD;aoG;udk tvGeftrif; tm;xm;aerIonf uREfkyfwdkYvlom;rsm; ESifh uÇmBuD;twGuf jyefvnftpm;xdk;r&onfhysufpD;

qkH;½kH;rIudk jzpfay:aponf/ ESpfpOfvlodef;aygif;rsm;pGmwdkYonfausmuf rD;aoG;npfnrf;rI (coal pollutants) aMumifh aoqkH;Mu&onf/ uÇmwpf0Srf;vkH;&Sd vloef;aygif;rsm;pGmwdkYonf touf½SLusyfonfh a&m*g? ESvkH;a&m*grsm;udk cHpm;aeMu&NyD; aq;&kHwufukoMu& jcif;wdkYaMumifh tvkyfcsdefrsm;udkvnf; qkH;½IH;Mu&onf/1 ausmufrD; aoG;okH;pGJrIudk wGef;vSef&ef BudK;pm;aeolrsm;onfvnf; tMurf;zuf rI? zdESdyfcH&rIwdkYESifh &ifqdkifMu&onf/

uÇmwpf0Srf;vkH;&Sd EdkifiHtoD;oD;wGif ausmufrD;aoG;tokH;jyKpGrf;tif xkwfvkyfonfh puf&kHaygif; 1200 cefYudk wnfaqmuf&eftwGuf pDpOfxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ tu,fí xdkausmufrD;aoG;puf&kHrsm;udk aqmufvkyfNyD;jzpfygu uÇmBuD;wpfckvkH;&Sd avxkxJESifh a&xkxJ wGif tvGefqdk;&Gm;aom npfnrf;zkefrIefYrsm; q,fpkESpfESifhcsDMumatmif ydwffqdkYaevdrfhrnfjzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif xdkausmufrD;aoG;tnpft aMu;rsm;aMumifh vlom;rsm;\ usef;rma&;qdk&Gm;pGmxdcdkufrI quf vuf jzpfay:aeapvdrfhrnf/ ydkíqdk;&Gm;aponfrSm ausmufrD;aoG; puf&kHrsm;rS zefvkHtdrftmedoif"gwfaiGY (Greenhouse Gas) xkwf vTwfrIjzpfonf/ zefvkHtmedoif"gwfaiGY xkwfvTwfrIonf tvGef qdk;&Gm;aom &moDOwk azmufjyefajymif;vJ rIudk jzpfay:apNyD; 2100 ckESpfwGif uÇmYtylcsdefonf 5 'D*&D qJvfpD;,yfxd jrifhwufvmrIudk jzpfay:apEdkifonf/2

ausmufrD;aoG;tay: rSDcdkaerIudk tqkH;owf&eftwGuf uÇmwpf 0Srf;vkH; wufnDvufnDvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;jzifh tpkd;&rsm;udk zdtm;ay; aeonf/ Oa&myEdkifiHrsm;wGif tqkdjyKNyD;jzpfonfh ausmufrD;aoG;

COAL FACTSHEET #1

ausmufrD;aoG;qdkif&m &mcdkifEIef; Edkif,SOfjyZ,m;uÇmYUpGrf;tifvnfywfrI pkpkaygif;&SdausmufrD;aoG;pGrf;tif

vnfywfrI - 41%

umAGef'dkifatmufqdk'f xkwfvTwfrI pkpkaygif;&Sd ausmufrD;aoG;\ - 72%

umAGef'dkifatmufqdk'f xkwfvTwfrI tvGefqdk;&Gm;aom &moDOwk azmufjyefajymif;vJrIudka&Smif&Sm;Edkif&eftwGuf

ajratmufxJwGif usef&Sdae&rnfh &kyf<uif; avmifpm&mcdkifEIef; - 72%

2012 ckESpf uÇmwpf0Srf;vkH;ausmufrD;aoG;wl;azmf xkwfvkyfrI - wefoef;aygif; 7830

2018 ckESpfxd ausmufrD;aoG;vdktyfcsuf BuD;xGm;rsm;jym; vmEdkifajc cefYrSef;csuf - 2.3

xdyfoD; wifydkYol

tif'dkeD;&Sm;MopaMw;vs

&k&S? tar&duef

xdyfoD; wifoGif;ol

w&kwf? *syef tdE´d,?

awmifudk&D;,m;

xdyfoD; pm;oHk;ol

w&kwf? tar&duef? tdE´d,? *syef? &k&Sm;? awmiftmz&du

ausmufrD;aoG;ESifhywfoufíqdk;0g;tusnf;wefaom tcsuftvufrsm;usef;rma&;ESifh obm0ywf0ef;usiftay: ausmufrD;aoG;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrI

1/ rdkif;wl;azmfjcif;ausmufrD;aoG; rdkif;wl;azmf&eftwGuf tifrwef us,fjyefYBuD;rm; onfh opfawmrsm;ESifh pdkufysdK;Edkifonfhajrrsm;udk &Sif;vif;z,f&Sm; Mu&NyD;&yf&Gmrsm;udkvnf; a&GUajymif;Mu&onf/ ausmufrD;aoG; tvTmudk wl;azmfa&muf&SdEdkif&eftwGuf ajratmufa&rsm;udk pkyf xkwfypf&onf/ xdka&pkyfxkwfvdkufjcif;aMumifh ajratmufa&rsm; enf;yg;vmNyD; pdkufysKd;a&;? tdrfwGif;a& tokH;jyKrIESifh awm&dkif;wd&dämefrsm;twGuf a&&&SdEdkifrI yrmPudk avsmhusaponf/ ajratmufxJrS z,f&Sm;vdkufonfh rsm;pGm aom ausmufom;rsm;ESifh ajrrsm;udk ausmufrD;aoG;rdkif;wGif; teD;0ef;usifwGif BuD;rm;aom pGefYypfykHBuD;tjzpf ykHxm;&onf/ xdkpGefYypfausmufom;rsm;wGif yg&Sdvmonfh tvGefqdk;&Gm;aom owåKrsm;ESifh wGif;xGuf ausmufrsm;onf avESifha&udk xdawGU vdkufjcif;jzifh ajray:ajratmuf a&xkudk npfnrf; apygonf/

ausmufrD;aoG;rdkif;wGif;teD; aexdkifonfh a'ocH rsm;onf avxkESihf a&xknpfnrf;rI rsm;udk cHpm;Mu&onf/ xdka'ocHrsm;onf tqkwfuifqm? ESvkH; a&m*g? touf&SLusyfonfha&m*gESifh ausmufuyfa&m*grsm;cHpm;Edkif ajcEIef;rsm; ydkrsm;vmNyD; toufwdkawmif;rIESifh &ifqdkifMu&onf/

udk,f0efaqmifrdcifrsm;onf tav;csdef (odkY) aygifrjynfhonfh uav;i,frsm; arG;zGm;rIponfh tÅ&m,ffESifh &ifqdkifMu&onf/ ausmufrD;aoG; rdkif;wl;azmfolrsm;onf aygufuGJrIrsm;ESifhrdkif;wGif; NydKusrIuJhodkYaom rawmfwqrIrsm;aMumifh BuD;rm;aom &kyfydkif; qdkif&mtÅ&,f xdckdufrIrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifMu&onf/ w&kwfEdkifiHwGif ajratmufausmufrD;aoG;rdkif; wl;azmfrIaMumifh ESpfpOf vlOD;a&

4000 rS 6000txd aoaMuMu&onf/3 ausmufrD;aoG;rdkif; wl;azmfolrsm;onf vnf; tqdyf"gwfrsm;? ausmufrD;aoG;trIefY rsm;ESifh tqdyfyg0ifonfh "gwfowåKrsm; udk wdkuf&dkuf xdawGYMu&jcif;aMumifh (pneumoconiosis ESifh silicosis) uJhodkYaom tqkyfa&m*grsm; cHpm;&onfhtÅ&m,f wdk; yGm;vmonf/

2/ jyifqifjcif;^ aq;aMumjcif;ausmufrD;aoG;rsm;tm; wl;azmfNyD;aemuf 4if;ausmufrD;aoG;rsm;udkavmifuRrf;Edkif ap&eftwGuf ausmufrD;aoG;jyifqif aq;aMumonfh puf&kHrsm;wGif aq;aMum

ay;&onf/ wl;azmf&&Sdvmonfh ausmufrD;aoG;rsm;udk rsm;aom tm;jzifh cGJjcrf;NyD; &GHU? qmvzmESifh tjcm; "gwkowåKrsm;ponfh npfnrf;rIrsm;udk avQmhcs&eftwGuf a&jzifh aq;aMumNyD; tajcmuf

ausmufrD;aoG;b0oHo&mpuf0dkfif;\ tusdK;qufrsm;

wpfuÇmvkH; twdkif;twmjzifh

ausmufrD;aoG;puf&kHrsm;aMumifh

jzpfay:vmaom

avxknpfnrf;rIaMumifh vlOD;a&

350000 cefY t&G,frwdkifrD

aoqkH;Mu&onf/ xdkYtjyif

oef;aygif;rsm;pGmaom olrsm;onf

jyif;xefaom a&m*ga0'emrsm;udk

cHpm;Mu&onf/

ausmufrD;aoG; tokH;jyKrI b0oHo&mpuf0dkif; tqifhqifhwdkif;wGif ausmufrD;aoG;onf uREfkyfwdkY touf½SLaeaomavxk? uREfkyfwdkU aomuf okH;aeaom a&ESifh uREfkyfwdkY rSDcdkaeaom ajrxkudk npfnrf;aponf/ þtcef;wGif ausmufrD;aoG; rdkif;wl;azmfrI? aq;aMumjyifqifjcif;? o,f ,lydkYaqmifrIESifh uRrf;avmifaprIwdkYaMumifh jzpfay:vmonfh tusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk tusOf;csKyf azmfjyoGm;rnfjzpfygonf/

2 | c o a l f a c t s h e e t # 1

puf&kHaygif; 109 &kHudk wnfaqmufjcif;rS &yfwefYEdkifcJhonf/ vGef cJhaomESpftwGif; w&kwfEdkifiH&Sd pD;yGm;a&;NrdKUBuD; (3) NrdKUjzpfonfh ab*sif;? &Sef[dkif;ESifh *GefcsLNrdKUwdkYwGif wnfaqmuf&ef cGifhjyKNyD;jzpfonfh ausmufrD;aoG; puf&kHopfrsm;udk w&kwftpkd;&u ydwfyifwm;jrpf cJhonf/ xkdydwfyifvdkufonfh ausmufrD;aoG;puf&kHrsm;onf w&kwf EdkifiH\ vuf&SdausmufrD;aoG;tokH;jyKpGrf;tif xkwfvkyfonfh puf &kHrsm; tm;vkH;\ pGrf;tifyrmP 30% cefYjzpfonf/ tar&duef EdkifiHwGif tar&duefom;rsm;\ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIaMumifh ausmuf rD;aoG;puf&kHaygif; 179 ckudk ydwfyifEdkifcJhNyD; vuf&Sdvnfywfae onfh ausmufrD;aoG;puf&kH 165 ½Hkausmfudkvnf; rsm;rMumrDwGif qufvuftem;ay;Ekdif&ef arQmfvifhxm;onf/

uÇmYbPf? jyefvnfwnfaqmufrIESifh zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf O a&mybPfESifh Oa&my&if;eD;jrKyfESHrIbPfuJhodkYaom EdkifiHwum

aiGaMu;tzJGUtpnf;BuD;rsm;onf ausmufrD;aoG;puf&kHrsm; twGuf axmufyHhrIrsm;udk uefYowfz,f&Sm;&eftwGuf 4if;wdkY\rl0g'rsm; udk ajymif;vJvkyfaqmifNyD;jzpfonf/ tar&duefESifh Oa&myEdkifiH rsm;uvnf; tcsdKUuefYowftajctaersm;rSvGJí jynfyausmuf rD;aoG;puf&kHrsm; wnfaqmufrIESifhywfoufí aiGaMu;axmufyHhrI rsm;udk ydwfyif&eftwGuf Oya'rsm;jyXmef;xm;NyD;jzpfonf/

ausmufrD;aoG; tokH;jyKrI&yfwefY&ef vIyf&Sm;rIrsm; BuD;xGm;vmcsdef wGif ausmufrD;aoG; puf&kHrsm;uvnf;*&krjyKyJ ausmufrD;aoG;rdkif; wl;azmfrIESifh ausmufrD;aoG;avmifuRrf;jcif;udk qufvuftifwdkuf tm;wdkuf vkyfaqmifaeonf/ odkYaomfvnf; ausmufrD;aoG; tokH; jyKrI &yfwefYtwGuf uREfkyfwdkYtm;vkH; twlwuG yl;aygif;vkyfaqmif Mu&rnfjzpfonf/

e n d c o a l | 3

vSrf;&onf/ ausmufrD;aoG; aq;aMum&mwGif tokH;jyKonfh "gwk ypönf;tcsdKUudk “carcinogens - uifqmjzpfapaomt&m” [k vlod rsm;NyD; tcsKdUonf tqkwfESifh ESvkH;ysufpD;rIrsm;udk qufpyfjzpfay:ap onf/ ausmufrD;aoG; tnpftaMu; pGefYypfa& (coal slurry) [k tod rsm;aom ausmufrD;aoG;aq;aMumjcif;rS xGuf&Sdvmonfh pGefYypfa& udk tnpftaMu; odkavSmifuefwGif odkavSmifxm;Muonf/ xdkodk avSmifuefrsm;onf xdkpGefYypfa&rsm;udk pdrfhxGufapEdkifNyD; ajray:? ajratmufa&rsm;udk tqdyfoifh npfnrf;aponf/

3/ o,f,lydkYaqmifjcif;ausmufrD;aoG;rsm;tm; &xm;jzifhaomfvnf;aumif;? ukefwifum; rsm;jzifh aomfvnf;aumif;? oabFmrsm;jzifh aomfvnf;aumif; o,f,lydkYaqmifjcif;onf xkdc&D;vrf;wpfavQmufvkH;&Sd teD;0ef; usifwGif aexdkifaoma'ocHrsm;\ usef;rma&;udk xdcdkufapEdkif onfh tvm;tvm&Sdonf[kokH;oyfMuonf/ ausmufrD;aoG;wif rD; &xm;rsm;? um;rsm;ESifh oabFmrsm;onf ausmufrD;aoG;zkefrIefYrsm; udk vGifhpifapNyD; (respiratory and cardiovascular) uJhodkYaom touf½SLvrf;aMumif;qdkif&m a&m*grsm;udk jzpfay:apEdkifonf/4 ausmufrD;aoG;rsm;tm; o,f,lydkYaqmifrIrwdkifrDESifh ydkYNyD;onfhtcsdef wGif ausmufrD;aoG;rsm;udktwiftcsjyKvkyf&aomaMumifhausmuf rD;aoG;rIefUrsm; ydkrdkvGifhpifaponf/ MopaMw;vsEdkifiH&Sd e,l;umq,f NrdKU uÇmYtBuD;qkH;ausmufrD;aoG; qdyfurf;wnf&Sdonfh0ef;usifwGif aexdkifMuolrsm;onf ausmufrD;aoG;zkHrIefU avxknpfnrf;rIrsm; aMumifh azmfjyyga&m*grsm;udk cHpm;Mu&onf/ xdkavxknpfnrf; rIonf EdkifiHawmftqifhowfrSwfxm;onfh usef;rma&;pHcsdefpHnTef; udk ausmfvGefaeNyD; jzpfonf/ xdktifrwefao;i,fonfh trIefUrsm; udk xdawGUjcif;jzifh t&G,fra&mufao;rD aoqkH;rI? ESvkH;a&m*gESifh t armazmufjcif;a&m*gtÅ&m,frsm;udk wdk;yGm;apEdkifonf/

4/ avmifuRrf;apjcif;ausmufrD;aoG;onf uÇmay:wGif aoaMurItrsm;qkH;jzpfaponfh pGrf;tift&if;tjrpfjzpfonf/ wpfem&D wm&m0yf 1000 EIef; ausmufrD;aoG; tokH;jyK pGrf;tifxkwfvkyf&ef vnfywfrIonf vlOD;a&aygif; 280000 udk aoaMuapEdkifonf/5 qefYusifbuf qdkvQif avtm;vQyfppfwpfem&D wm&m0yf 1000 EIef; vnfywf rIonf vlOD;a&aygif; 150 udk aoapEkdifNyD; aepGrf;tiftokH;jyK vQyfppfwpfem&D wm&m0yf 1000 EIef;vnfywfrIonf vlOD;a& 440 cefY aoapEdkifonf/ pGrf;tifxkwfvkyf&eftwGuf ausmuf rD;aoG;rsm;tm; rD;½dIUavmifuRrf;apjcif;onf tvGefqdk;&Gm;aom avxknpfnrf;rIudk jzpfay:apNyD; xdknpfnrf;rIonf uDvdkrDwm &mESifhcsD jyefESHYEdkifygonf/ avxknpfnrf;apaom "gwkzkefrIefY (fine particulate) xJwGif qmvzm'dkifatmufqdk'f? Edkufx&dk*sif atmufqdk'f? umAGef'dkifatmufqdk'f? rmusL&DESifh tmqif;epf (pdeft qdyf) wdkY yg0ifonf/6 þ"gwkzkefrIefYtcsdKUonf tdkZkef;vTm&SdavxkESifh

"mwfjyKNyD; "gwkzkefrIefYrsm; ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmrIudk jzpfay:aponf/ xdkav xkudk npfnrf;aponfh "gwkzkefrIefUrsm;udk xdawGY&SL&dIufvmjcif; tm;jzifh touf&IpepfESifh tm&kHaMumpepfrsm;udk ysufpD;apNyD; tqkwfuifqm? aoG;aMumrsm;ydwfjcif;? ESvkH;a&m*g? emwm&Snf touf&SLusyf tarmazmufjcif;? touf&SLvrf;aMumif;rSaoap avmufaoma&m*g ul;pufjcif;ponfh tÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcEIef;udk jrifhwufapEdkifygonf/ uav;oli,frsm;? oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;? udk,f0efaqmif rdcifrsm;ESifh xdk"gwkzkefrIefUrsm;udk xdawGYonfhol rsm;tm;vkH;onf xdka&m*gtÅ&m,frsm;udk trsm;qkH;cHpm;&Edkif onf/ qmvfzdwfESifh Edkufx&dwfrsm;udk xkwfvTwfjcif;onf tuf qpfrdk; &GmoGef;rIwdkYudk jzpfay:onf/ xdktufqpfrdk;rsm;onf prf; acsmif;rsm;? opfawmrsm;? aumufyJoD;ESHrsm;ESifh ajrqDvTmrsm;udk ysufpD;apygonf/

þnpfnrf;"mwkzkefrIefUrsm;onf uÇmay:wGif obm0ywf0ef;usif qdkif&m tBuD;rm;qkH; useff;rma&; xdcdkufrItÅ&m,f jzpfonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf 4if;npfnrf;"gwk zkefrIefUrsm;onf obm0 ywf0ef;usifaMumifh jzpfay:apom uifqma&m*gudk jzpfay:ap onf/7 2010 ckESpfwGif xkdnpfnrf;"gwk zkefrIefUrsm;aMumifh cefYrSef; ajc t&G,fra&mufao;rD aoqkH;rIcefYrSef;ajctm;jzifh (3) oef;cefY &SdcJhonf/ ausmufrD;aoG; tokH;jyK pGrf;tifxkwfvkyfonfh puf&kHrsm; onf uÇmay:wGif npfnrf;"gwk "gwfaiGYxkwfvTwfrI trsm;qkH; t&if;tjrpf jzpfonf/

a&rsm;udk jyefvnfat;aponfh tqifhESifh a&aEG;aiGUxkwfvkyf onfh tqihfü ausmufrD;aoG;puf&kHrsm;onf rsm;pGmaom a&yrmP udkokH;pGJonf/ 1000 rD*g0yf ausmufrD;aoG;puf&kHwpfckonf wpfESpf vQif vlOD;a&aygif; 500000 cefY okH;pGJEdkifonfh tajccH a&vdktyf csufESifh wlnDaom a&yrmPudk ESpfpOfokH;pGJonf/ w&kwf? tdEd´, ESifh &k&Sm;EdkifiHrsm;wGif rsm;pGmaom ausmufrD;aoG; puf&kHrsm; wnf aqmuf&ef pDpOfxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ xdka'orsm;wGif vlOD;a& 63% onf a&&Sm;yg;onfh jyóemrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifaeMu&NyD;jzpfonf/8

ausmufrD;aoG;tm; rD;&IdUavmifuRrf;jcif;onf tmqif;epf? uwfrD ,ef? qDvDeD,H? cJESifh rmusL&DuJhodkYaom tvGeftqdyfoifhonfh pGefYypftnpftaMu;rsm;udk xkwfvGifhonf/ ausmufrD;aoG; rD;&IdU avmifuRrf;jcif;rS xGuf&Sdvmonfh pGefYypftnpftaMu;rsm;udk tnpftaMu;pGefYypfuef (odkYr[kwf) ukef;ajray:wGif tumuG,f rJhpGm pGefYypfodkavSmifMuonf/ xdkYaMumifh tqdyfoifh tnpftaMu; rsm;onf trsm;jynfolrsm; aomufokH;? okH;pGJaeaom ajray:? ajr atmufa&rsm; xJodkY ajrBuD;xJrSwqifh pdrfh0ifEdkifonf/ xdkYaMumifh 4if;pGefYypf tnpftaMu;rsm;onf uifqm? udk,fvuft*Fg csdKUwJh arG;zGm;jcif;? tjcm;arG;zGm;rIqdkif&m jyóemrsm;ESifh tm&kHaMum ydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufysufpD;rIrsm;udk jzpfay:apEdkifonf/ tar&duef EdkifiHwGif pGrf;tifxkwfvkyfonfh puf&kHrsm;onf tqdyfoifhpGefY ypfypönf;rsm;udk jrpfacsmif;rsm;xJodkY tjcm;puf&kHrsm;xuf ydkrdk pGefYypfMuonf/ xdkYtjyif pGrf;tifxkwfvkyfonfh puf&kHrsm;rS xGuf

4 | c o a l f a c t s h e e t # 1

jymuef

pGefYjypfa&uef

jymrIefYrsm;

1/ wl;azmfjcif;

2/ jyifqifjcif;

3/ o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;4/ avmifuRrf;jcif;

ausmufrD;aoG;trIefUrsm;ueSvHk;a&m*geSifhtqkwfESifh

ywfowfaoma&m*gjzpfyGg;rIudkjrifhrm;apygonf/

tat;cHpepftwGuftoHk;jyKaoma&rsm;

aMumifha&&Sm;yg;rIjyoemudkjzpfapNyD;

a&aeow†0grsm;udk aoapekdifygonf

wjcm;tqdyftawmufrsm;ua&xkukd

npfnrf;apNyD;uifqma&m*g? arG;&myg

t*FgcsdKUwJhjcif;eSifh tm&HkaMumqdkif&m ysufpD;rI

ponfha&m*geIef;rsm;udk wdk;yGm;vmaponf

a&ylvTwfcsrIrsm;u a&aeow†0g

rsm;udk aoapekdifygonf

av;vHaomowÅKrsm;eSifh wjcm;tqdyftawmufrsm;u

a&xkukdnpfnrf;aponf/ jrpfrsm;eSifhprf;acsmif;rsm;ukd

npfnrf;apNyD; a'ocHvlxkrsm;ESifh awm&Jwd&pämefrsm;udk

ab;Oyg'fjzpfaponf/ ausmufrD;aoG;udk aq;aMum&ef

a&csdKudk toHk;jyK&onf/

opfawmrsm;ukdzsufqD;ypf&NyD;a'ocHvlxk

rsm;udkae&ma&GUajymif;ap&onf/

av;vHaomowåKrsm;eSifh wjcm;tqdyf

tawmufrsm; pdrfh,dkxGufrIrsm;onfa&

a'ocHvlxkrsm;eSifh awm&Jwd&pämefrsm;udk

Oyg'fjzpfaponfhtjyif 4if;ausmufrD;aoG;udk

oHk;a&rsm;jzifh aq;aMumMu&onf)

awmifxdyfrsm;udkz,f&Sm;NyD;awmif\rsufeSmjyifeSifh

atmufbufajrrsm;udkz,f&Sm;wl;azmfypf&onf/

avxknpfnrf;rIu eSvHk;eSifh tm&HkaMumqdkif&m

pepfudkysufpD;aponf/ umAGef'dkifatmufqdk'f"mwfaiGUu

wpfurÇmvHk;qdkif&m ylaEG;vmrIukdjzpfapNyD; puf&HkrS

rD;cdk;rsm;wGif ekdifx&dk*sifatmufqdk'f? qmvfzm'dkif

atmufqdk'f? trIefrsm;?tdkZkef;? av;vHaomowÅKrsm;eSifh

umAGef'dkifatmufqdk'frsm; yg0ifaeygonf/

ausmufrD;aoG;b0oHo&mpuf0dkif;\tusdK;qufrsm;

oefY&Sif;aompGrf;tifwGif &if;ESD;NrKyfESHjcif;

ausmufrD;aoG;tay: rSDcdkrIudk &yfwefY&eftwGuf jyefvnftokH; jyKEdkifonfh oefY&Sif;aom pGrf;tift&if;tjrpfrsm;ay:wGif &ifESD; jrKyfESH&ef tvGefvdktyfonf/ yxrqkH;ajcvSrf;taejzifh uREfkyf wdkYtm;vkH;\ pGrf;tifvdktyfcsufudk avQmhcs&efvdktyfNyD; ydkrdk oufomaumif;rGefNyD; xdcdkufrIenf;yg;onfh pGrf;tifwdkif;wmrI (energy efficiency measures) rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&ef vdktyfonf/ pGrf;tifokH;pGJrIudkavQmhcs&ef ypfrSwfxm;onfhEdkifiH rsm;onf ydkrkdoufomaumif;rGefNyD; xdcdkufrIenf;onfh rD;acsmif; rsm;ESifh vQyfppfypönf;rsm;wyfqifjcif;? puf&kHwGif ydkrdkoufom aumif;rGefNyD; xdcdkufrIenf;yg;onfh puf&kHpufypönf;rsm; wdk;jr§ifh vkyfaqmifjcif;ESifh armfawmf,mOftopfrsm;twGuf pHowfrSwfjcif; wdkYudk vkyfaqmifoifhonf[k EdkifiHwumpGrf;tif at*sifpDu tBuH jyKajymMum; vdkufonf/9

npfnrf;rIudk rjzpfay:apaom (odkYr[kwf) zefvkHtdrf tmedoif "gwfaiGUudk rxkwfvTwfaom ydkrdkoufomaumif;rGefNyD; xdcdkufrI enf;onfh jyefvnfjynfhNzdK;NrJ pGrf;tifrsm;onf ,ckvuf&SdtokH;jyK aeaompGrf;tif t&if;tjrpfrsm;ESifh ododomomtNydKiftqdkif jzpfvmMuonf/ pD;yGm;a&;wGif tNydKiftqdkif jrifhwufvmrIonf ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom vdkufavsmnDaxG jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifonfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk jzpfay:aponf/ 2008 ckESpfuwnf;u aepGrf; tifokH; pGrf;tifxkwfvkyfonfh qdkvmjym;\ aps;EIef;onf 75% xdusqif;cJhonf/10 deutsche bPf\ tcsuftvufrsm;t& qdk vmjym;aps;EIef;onfuÇmwpf0Srf;&Sd a'owGif;aps;uGuf (19) ckwGif tjcm;pGrf;tifaps;EIef;rsm;ESifh wef;wltqifhodkY a&muf&Sdatmifjrif

NyD;jzpfonf/ PV qdkvmjym;aps;EIef;rsm;onf a'owGif; tokH;jyK aeonfh vQyfppfpGrf;tifaps;EIef;rsm;udk tpdk;&rsm;\ aiGaMu;t axmuftyHhr&,lbJ ,SOfNydKifEdkifNyD; jzpfonf/ tdrfwGif;okH;pGrf;tif ESifhywfoufí vkyfaqmifEdkifonfh EdkifiHrsm;wGif csDvD? MopaMw;vs ESifh *smreDwdkYyg0ifNyD; pufrIaps;uGuf (industrial market) twGuf ruúqDudkESifh w&kwfwdkY yg0ifonf/11

&kyf<uif;avmifpm (fossil fuel) okH;pGJrIonf 2030 ckESpfwGif xdyfqkH; (aemufqkH;taetxm;) odkY a&muf&SdvmEdkifonf[kynm &SiftcsdKUu cefYrSef;Muonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf &kyf<uif;avmif pmrsm;onf xdktcsdefwGif ydkrdkaumif;rGef xdckdufrIenf;onfh pGrf;tift&if;tjrpf jyefvnfjynfhNzdK;NrJpGrf;tifudk pDyGm;a&;t& ,SOfNydKifEdkifvdrfhr[kwf aomaMumifh jzpfonf/12 umAGefxkwfvTwfrIudk uefYowfxm;onfh uÇmBuD;\ taetxm;aMumifh &kyf<uif;avmifpmrsm;\ ukefus p&dwfonf qufvufjrifhwufvmEdkifajc&SdNyD; ydkrdkaumif;rGefxdcdkuf rIenf;onfh jyefvnfjynfhNzdK;NrJ pGrf;tifukefusp&dwfonfusqif; vmEdkifajc&Sdonf/ tar&duefEdkifiHwGif ausmufrD;aoG; b0oHo &mpuf0dkif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmonfh tusdK;qufrsm;twGuf ukef usp&dwf (external cost) onf ESpfpOfa':vmoef;wpfaomif;\ okH;ykHwpfykHESifh ESpfykHwpfykHMum;&Sdonf[k [m;Awfwuúodkvf\ avhvmcsufwGif cefYrSef;xm;onf/ tu,fí ausmufrD;aoG;\aps;EIef;wGif xdkausmufrD;aoG;tokH;jyKrI tusdK;qufrsm;aMumifh jzpfay:vmonfh ukefusp&dwfrsm;udk xnfhwGufvdkufrnfqdkvQif ausmufrD;aoG;rS xkwf,laom vQyfppfaps;EIef;onf ,ckvuf&Sd aps;EIef;xuf ESpfq (odkYr[kwf) okH;qcefY jrifhwufvmEdkifonf/

&Sdvmonfh tqdyfoifh pGefYypfypönf;rsm;onf tar&duefwGif NrdKUawmf pnfyifNyD;vQif 'kwd,tBuD;rm;qkH;aom pGefYypftnpftaMu; jzpf onf/ 2014 ckESpf azazmf0g&DvwGif &yfem;xm;aom ausmufrD; aoG;puf&kHrsm;rS pGefYypfa&ESifhjymwefaygif; 140000 cefY onf tar&duefEdkifiH u,fvDzdk;eD;,m;jynfe,fajrmufydkif;&Sd dan jrpf xJodkY zdwfuscJhNyD; xkdjrpfa&udk tqdyfoifhtnpftaMu;rsm;jzifh rJ oGm;apcJhonf/ xdkYtjyif aomufokH;a& axmufyHhrIpepfudkvnf; npfnrf;apcJhonf/

avxknpfnrf;rI xdef;csKyfjcif; enf;ynmonf (pollution control

equipment) onf avxkxJokdY tqdyfoifh "gwfaiGYrsm; xkwfvTwfrI udk avQmhcsEdkifaomfvnf; 4if;enf;ynmonf xdktqdyfoifh "gwfaiGY rsm;udk tpkdiftcJ (odkYr[kwf) t&nfrsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJaponf/

ausmufrD;aoG; rD;&SdKUavmifuRrf;jcif;onf zefvkHtdrftmedoif "gwf

aiGYxkwfvTwfrIxJwGif wpfuÇmvkH;twkdif;twmjzifh tBuD;rm; qkH;aom t&if;tjrpf jzpfonf/ vQyfppfpGrf;tif xkwfvkyfonfh u@rsm;xJrS þausmufrD;aoG; tokH;jyK pGrf;tifxkwfvkyfonfh u@onf zefvkHtdrftmedoif"gwfaiGY xkwfvTwfrIpkpkaygif; 72% cefYjzpfonf/ þzefvkHtdrftmedoif"gwfaiGU xkwfvTwfrIonf uREkfyf wdkY\ uÇmajrBuD;udk ylaEG;vmapNyD; obm0ywf0ef;usifESifh vlom; rsm;\ usef;rma&;udk xdcdkufEkdifonf/ ausmufrD;aoG;puf&kHrsm;u 4if;wdkYonf umAGef'dkifatmufqdk'fxkwfvTwfrIudk xdef;csKyfEdkifNyD; xdkumAGefrsm;udk ajratmufxJwGif okdavSmifEdkifonfh puf&kHrsm; wnfaqmufEdkifonf[k tqdkwifoGif;Muonf/ okdYaomfvnf; umAGefzrf;pD;xdef;csKyfodkavSmifrI enf;ynmrsm;ESifh4if;wdkYudk aps; uGufwGif; vG,fvifhwul&&SdEdkifrIESifh ywfoufí oufaorjyEdkif ao;yg/ 4if;enf;ynmrsm;onf aemufq,fpkESpfrsm;pGmwdkif aps; uGufwGif; &&SdEdkifajcr&Sdyg/

e n d c o a l | 5

ENDNOTES1 erica Burt, Peter orris, susan Buchanan, “scientific evidence of health effects from coal Use in

energy Generation”, University of Illinois at chicago school of Public health, 2013, p.52 If all the proposed coal-fired power plants were built by 2025, the net increase in coal-fired

generation capacity would exceed the increase in the current Policies scenario in the Iea World energy outlook 2012, which is estimated by the Iea to be consistent with median long-term temperature increase of 5.3oc by 2100.

3 Paul R. epstein, Jonathan J. Buonocore, Kevin eckerle, et al. 2011. “full cost accounting for the life cycle of coal,” Volume 1219: ecological economics Reviews, annals of the new York academy of sciences, 1219: 73–98.

4 Ibid, p. 84.5 http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2012/06/10/energys-deathprint-a-price-always-paid/6 Burt, orris, and Buchanan, ibid, p.3.7 International agency for Research on cancer, 17 october 2013, http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-

centre/iarcnews/pdf/pr221_e.pdf8 “the Unquenchable thirst of an expanding coal Industry,” the Guardian, april 1, 2014.9 “Redrawing the energy-climate Map,” World energy outlook special Report, International

energy agency, June 10, 2013, p. 47.10 Morgan Bazilian, Ijeoma onyeji, Michael liebreich et al. “Reconsidering the economics of

Photovoltaic Power,” Bloomberg new energy finance, May 2012, p.5.11 “Global solar dominance in sight as science trumps fossil fuels,” the telegraph, april 25, 2014.12 “‘Peak fossil fuels’ Is closer than You think: Bnef,” Bloomberg, april 24, 2013.

RESOURCES

Coal Activist Resource Centre: endcoal.org

Greenpeace International: greenpeace.org/coal

Sierra Club: sierraclub.org/coal

Union of Concerned Scientists: ucsusa.org/clean_energy/

International Renewable Energy Agency: irena.org

ENDCOAL.ORG

þtcsufonf ausmufrD;aoG;tokH;jyK pGrf;tifxkwfvkyfrIudk tvQiftjref &yfwefYapvdrfhrnf/

vQyfppfpGrf;tif xkwfvkyfrItwGuf npfnrf;apaom ausmufrD; aoG;tay: rSDcdkae&rIudk ydwfyifjcif;xuf tpkd;&rsm;ESifh vkyfief;&Sif rsm;onf ydkrdkoefY&Sif;onfh (odkYr[kwf) jyefvnftokH;jyKEdkifNyD; ydkrdk aumif;rGef xdcdkufrIenf;onfh pGrf;tifu@rsm;wGif &if;ESD;jrKyfESH oifhonf/

6 | c o a l f a c t s h e e t # 1