Upload
sabina-cox
View
225
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Authors: Ing. Jindřich Petr, JUDr. Bohuslav PetrSubject: Fisheries E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Warm-Water Fish Farming
Content• Warm-water fish
• Warm-water fish species
• Pond fish farm
• Farming process in pond fish farm
• Integrated agriculture and fish production
• Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)
• Future trends
Warm-water fish• Warm-water fish
– above 26°C- less oxygen- faster growth – shorter life- harder to keep
• Cold-water fish
– below 20°C - more oxygen - slower growth – longer life - easier to keep
Pic. 1. Tilapia
Source: www.biomar.com
Warm-water fish species• European catfish – Silurus glanis
• European eel – Anquilla anquilla
• Zander – Sander luciopera
• Perch - Perca fluviatilis
• Carp – Cyprinus carpio
• African sharptooth catfish - Clarias gariepinus
• Tilapia – Oreochromis niloticus
Pic. 2. Catfish in India
Source: www.stjosephpost.com
Pond fish farms
3 types of ponds:
1. Fry nursing ponds – ichtyoplankton - optimum size 0,5 – 1 ha
2. Fingerling ponds – juvenile fish - optimum size 4 – 8 ha
3. Food – fish ponds – optimum size 10 – 20 ha - 90 % of total pond area
Minimum depth – 1 m
Smaller ponds = higher yields
Pic. 3. Warm-water fish hatchery – larval rearing pond
Source: www.data.fao.org
Pic. 4. Industrial aquaculture system
Source: www.processaquatics.com
Farming process in pond fish farms
3 aspects:
1. Fish stocking - density - monoculture / polyculture
2. Fertilization – important N:P ratio
3. Feeding – natural food production / feeding
1. WELFARE – stress, diseases, water quality, food quality, environmental factors, transport
Integrated agriculture and fish production
• Crops and fish production – rice, mulberry, sugar-cane, mushrooms etc.
• Livestock and fish production – pigs, ducks
Pic. 5. Fish-rice ecosystem in China
Source: www.kaleidoscope.cultural-china.com
Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)
• Higher production – artificial tanks
• Lower demand on water – recirculation
•Lower demand on space
• Lower effluents and pollution – biofilters and water treatment
• Lower diseases
Pic. 6. RAS concept
Source: www.akvagroup.com
Future trends• Horizontal RAS – airlifts / pumps
• Denitrification, biogas and water cleaning
• Aquaponics – marcophytes, microphytes
Pic. 7. Aquaponics system
Source: www.en.wikipedia.org
Thank you for your attention!
List of used literature• Amlacher, E. Textbook of fish diseases. New Jersey, TFH Publications Inc., 1970. 302 pp.
• Herwig, N. Handbook of drugs and chemicals used in the treatment of fish diseases. Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1979. 272 pp.
• Horváth, L., Tamás, G. a A. G. Coche. Common Carp 2: Mass production of advanced fry and fingerlings in ponds. FAO Training Seires, 1985. vol. 9, 85 pp.
• Mareš, J. a Lang, Š. (eds.). Zkušenosti s chovem ryb v recirkulačním systému dánského typu. Sborník příspěvků. Mendelova univerzita v Brně, 2013. 96 s. ISBN 978-80-7375-919-3.
• New, M.B. Feed and feeding of fish and shrimp: A manual on the preparation and presentation of compound feeds for shrimp and fish in aquaculture. FAO, 1987. 275 pp.
• Pickering, A.D. (ed.). Stress and fish. London, Academic Press, 1981. 368 pp.
• Woynarovich, E. a Horváth, L. The artificial propagation of warmwater finfishes. A manual for extension. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 1984. vol. 201, 183 pp. ISBN 92-5-100999-6.