Bài giảng công nghệ màng

7/24/2019 Bi ging cng ngh mng

1/15

KThut Mng vng Dng

Bi 1: Khi qut vkthut mng

Ging vin: Nguyn Minh Tn

B mn QT-TB CN Ha hc & Thc phm

Trngi hc Bch khoa H [email protected]

Khi nim MngMembrane

Sinh hc

-L mi lp mng bao ph b mthoc phn chia cc phn, cu trc

hoc c quan trong c th ng

hoc thc vt

-Mng t bo

Ha hc

Mnh vt cht mng c lm t

vt liu t nhin hoc tng hp c

kh nng thm cho i qua) mt

cch

chn lc mt cht no trong

hn hp hoc dung dch

Khi qut vkthut mng


2/15

Hemodialys

is/filtration

Bloodoxy

genator

Wate

rdesali

nation

(waste)Wate

rpurific

ation

Oxygen

/nitrogenseparatio

n

Foodproc

essing

(bio)Chemicali

ndustry

Electro

chemicalind

ustry

Analytic

al/dianogs

tic

Miscell

aneous

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Growth rate

(%/year)

Thtrng mng ton cu nm 2000

/H. Strathmann: Membrane Separation processes: Current relevance and

future opportunities. AIChE Journal 47(2001),5/

2200

350

350

400

100

200

150150 150 350

Hemodialysis/f i lt rat ion Blood oxygenator Water desalination

(waste) Water purification Oxygen/nitrogen separation Food processing

(bio) Chemical industry Electrochemical industry Analytical/ dianogstic

Miscellaneous

Doanh s bn mng v thit b mng(Triu USD)

Tc tng trng

Khi qut vkthut mng

Cng sut tnh trn ton thgii v slng thit bvi lc/siu lcc lptdng cho qu trnh xl nc

/R. Gimbel, G. Hagmeyer. Forum Forschung 2001/

Khi qut vkthut mng


3/15

Lch spht trin kthut mng

Khi qut vkthut mng


J. Abbe Nollet pht hin ra hin tng thmthu vo nm1748Bi bo khoa hc u tin c cng b vthm thu:J.A. Nollet, Lecons de physique

experimentale,

Hippolyte-Louis Guerin and Louis-Francios

Delatour,

Paris, 1748.

Khi qut vkthut mng


4/15


1907 Bechold gii thiu n khi nim v siu lc1950 Hassler cp n qu trnh tch mui t

nc bin1958 Sidney Loeb v S. Sourirajan nghin cu ch

to thnh cng mng Polymer1961 Loeb-Sourirajan ng k pht minh cho

phng php ch to mng ca mnh1962 Loeb-Sourirajan pht minh ra mng bt i

xng

Khi qut vkthut mng

Mng tviMicroporous Membrane

Khi qut vkthut mng


5/15

Mng khng l

Nonpore Membrane

Khi qut vkthut mng

Mng bti xngAssymetric Membrane

Khi qut vkthut mng


6/15

Mng gm

Ceramic Membrane

Khi qut vkthut mng

M un mng

Khi qut vkthut mng

Mo un: Mt phnthit bkhp knc chamng

Mng

u voFeed

DchcRetentat

Nc trongPermeat


7/15

M un mng

Khi qut vkthut mng

c trng ca cc qu trnh tch dng mng

Khi qut vkthut mng


8/15

Phn loi Cc qu trnh mng

Khi qut vkthut mng

10m0,1m1nm

in thm tch(ED)

in thm tchlng cc(BED)

Lng (F) / Lng (F) linhngintch

Chnh lchin th

Thm tch(D)Thm tch khuchTn (DE)

Lng (F) / Lng (F)Hp ph +Khuch tn

Chnh lchnng

Thm bc (PV)

Tch hi (VP)Tch kh (GS)

Lng (F) / Kh (G)

Kh (G)/Kh (G)Kh (G)/Kh (G)

Hp ph +Khuch tn

Bay hiHp ph +

Khuch tn

Chnh lchpsut ring phn

Vi lc(MF)Siu lc (UF)Lc nano (NF)

Thm thu ngc(RO)

Lng (F) / Lng (F)C ch sng(Lc su/cake

filtration)

Hp ph +Khuchtn

Chnh lchpsut

(chnh lchthha)

i tng phn tchTrng thi tphp

Cchphn tchnglc

Siu lc v vi lc

Dng nguyn l tch thun vt l

Tit kimc chi ph x l sb ( do c th thayth nhiu khu x l sb)

png c yu cu cht lng ngy cngtng

D dng t ng ha

Vi lcv siu

lcx

l

nc

Khi qut vkthut mng


9/15

Thm thu ngc

Khi qut vkthut mng

Lc Nano

Khi qut vkthut mng


10/15

Thm bcKhi qut vkthut mng

Hn hp cnphn tch

Bm chnkhng

Mun Mng

Dchc

Dch trong

Tch kh

Khi qut vkthut mng

Khng kh

My nn

Lc, lm kh Mng

Kh thi


11/15

in thm tch

Khi qut vkthut mng

Nc bin

NaOH HCl

Cc khi nim cbn

Khi qut vkthut mng

Cu trc pht trin cc qutrnh mng

Phn tmng

Qu trnh

tngth

B trmun

Munmng

RO

Bc hi


12/15

Cc khi nim cbn

im&

Khi qut vkthut mng

chn lc/Mc gili Dng nc trong

- CHN LC (Sij) ca mng thhin khnng la chn cho php mtcu tnhtnh no thm qua

-Nng sut ca mngcnh gi qua DNG NC TRONG ( ) tc trongiu kin vn hnh nhtnh

-chn lc v dng nc trong l cc thng scc b, thayi theo loimun mng, vtr kho st

Khi qut vkthut mng

Dch vo

MngNc trong

Dch vo

Dng

Dchc

Nc trong


13/15

Cc khi nim cbn

Khi qut vkthut mng

ng lc Trlc Dng = ng lc/Trlc

Phn tch H2/N2,CO2/CH4

O2/N2

Mng bti xngkhng l

Tng p sut pha dchc ln ti 80 barhoc hp sutpha nc trong ->chnh lch p sutring phn

H/HThm thu kh

Phn tch cc hn hpcht hu c

Mng bti xngkhng l

Hp sut pha nctrong

L/HThm bc PV

Thn nhn to, tunhoan cc axit

Mngi xng cnhcc nhm ion

in trng vung gcvi bmt mng

L/LED

Cc, phn loi ccdung dch caophn t,

Mng bti xng, lp n 10barL/LUF

Phn ring cc cht tantrong dung dchvi nc

Bti xngp n 60barL/LNF

Xl nc, v ccdung dch vinc

Bti xngp n 200barL/LRO

ng dngLoi mngng lcPhaQu trnh

Cc khi nim cbn

Khi qut vkthut mng

Nguyn l hotng ca mt squ trnh mng tiu biu

Thm thu ngc Tch kh ( p sut d)

Thm bc Thm kh ( p sut chn khng)

Dchc

Nc trong(lng)

Dchvo (lng)

Dchc

Nc trong(hi)

Dchvo (hi)

Dchc

Nc trong

Dch vo

(hi)

Nc trong

Dchc

Dch vo

(lng)

Nc trong(lng)

Kh tr

Hi


14/15

Cc khi nim cbn

( ) iii dxxpTW =2

1

2/1 ,,

Khi qut vkthut mng

ng lc tng qut Chnh lch thhaThha ca cu ti

Thha tngng vi cng nhnht ca hthng phi nhnc khi thc hin sthayi nng1-> 2

ki xxTpi

ix

G

=

,,

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )000 ~,,ln,0,, ppVxpTaRTpTxpT iiiiii ++= Vi kh l tng

( ) ( )0

0 lnp

pRTTT iii +=

p sut thm thui

i

i aV

RTln~=

Cc khi nim cbn

Khi qut vkthut mng

ng lc tng qut Chnh lch thha

Qu trnh vn chuyn cu ti trong qu trnh Thm thu ngc:

i vi qu trnh Thm bc (PV), c thvit:

( )[ ] ( ) == pVppV iPiFipFiROi~~

,,

nhkhngng k, c thbqua( )0~ ppV Fi Do

=== Fi

iiP

iSi

iP

iSiiF

iP

iSiF

PVi yp

p

V

RTV

p

pxRT

p

paRT ,ln~

~lnln

i vi qu trnh tch kh (GP), c thvit:

iP

iF

iP

iS

GPi yp

xpRT

p

pRT lnln ==


15/15

Cc khi nim cbn

Khi qut vkthut mng

Cc loi trlc ca qu trnh mng

- Trlc ca lp mng (lp hotng)

- Trlc thy lc bn pha nc trong v dchc (gimng lc chung)

- Phn cc nngtrn bmt mng

- Trlc chuyn khi ca lp phtr

- Trlc truyn nhit (phn cc nhit) i vi qu trnh PV

Cc khi nim cbn

Khi qut vkthut mng

nh hng ca tn tht p sutnng lc ca qu trnh

nh hng ca tn tht p sut

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