Slide 1
TRNG I HC NNG LM TP HCMB MN CNG NGH HA HC
CHNG 7CNG NGH MNG LC20112Mt s thut ng ringMang loc - membraneThm
thu - osmosisDich thm (nc trong) permeate (filtrate)Thm thu ngc
(reverse osmosis -RO)Dich c retentate (concentrate) Loc nano
(nanofiltration NF)Dung dich solutionSiu loc (ultrafiltration UF):
Dng lu cht ban u feedVi loc - (microfiltration MF)Loc vung goc
(dead-end filtration)Loc tip tuyn (crossflow filtration)Loc -
filtration3I. Khai nim v qua trinh lc mng Mang loc rao chn ngn cach
gia cac pha, han ch s vn chuyn qua lai gia cac c cht mt cach co
chon loc. Cu truc i xng hoc khng i xng Mang in tich m/dng Trung hoa
v in tich
Qua trinh vn chuyn vt cht quamang:Do t in trngDo nng Do ap
sut
41C ch loc mang-PHNG PHP LC TiP TUYN (CROSSFLOW FILTRATION) Dong
chay theo 2 hng : vung goc va tip tuyn vi b mt cua mang Permeate
(filtrate) dong thm (nc trong) = dong san phm i qua mang Retentate
dong c c (dich c) = dong dong san phm khng i qua mang.
5Phn loai cac qua trinh loc mang
c tinh cua cht cn tach (kich thc phn t, c tinh hoa ly, in cc cua
cac phn t)ng lc chuyn cac cht qua mangc tinh loai mangKich thc cua
cac phn t so vi kich thc cua l loc.
u im cua cng ngh mang loc Cng ngh sach va d vn hanhCo th thay th
c nhiu qua trinh hoa ly truyn thng: loc, chng ct, trao i ion Tao ra
san phm co cht lng caoThun li cho vic thit k nhng h thng co tinh
linh hoat cao
6 ng dng ca k thut mng lc
CNTP: lc trong/x l nc ung c c nc tri cy, saCNMT: x l nc thi kh
khoang va lam mm nc, kh mau va cac cht hu c hoa tanCNSH: thu hoch
sinh khi c c/ phn tch t bo proteinCNHH: tch du, trch ly du tch mui
loi kim loi nng thu hi cht xc tc Y hc: c c cht khng sinh trong dung
mi hu c7II. Phn loai mang loc
Phn loai theo cu trucCu truc ng hngCu truc bt ng hngPhn loai
theo hinh dangMang phngHinh tru Phn loai theo ban cht hoa hocMang
hu c (polymer)Mang v c (ceramic)8c tinh cua mt s loai mang loc Mng
hu c Mng v cCellulose acetate (CA)PolyamidePolysulfoneCeramic Tmax
(oC) 3540 pH = 38 a nc, ng kinh l loc co th dao ng mt khoang rt ln
gia thanh thp kem bn vi cac cht ty ra cng nghip nh chlorine, d bi
phn huy sinh hoc Tmax (oC) 50 pH= 311 kem bn hn vi chlorine dong
permeate d bi tc nghen Tmax (oC) 75 pH =113 bn vi chlorinechiu ap
lc kem ky nc Tmax (oC) 350 pH= 0,513 tr vi cac hoa cht nh acid,
kim, chlorine kha d v gia thanh cao, ng kinh l mao dn ln (d>
10-2 m)9i lng c trng ca mng lcng knh l mao dnMt mao dn: t l phn trm
gia tng din tch mt ct cc ng mao dn trn ton b din tch b mt mng xp: t
l phn trm gia tng th tch cc ng mao dn v th tch mngKh nng chu nhitKh
nng chu dung mi bn sinh hc v trng dy tro: hm lng tro tnh theo phn
trm so vi tng khi lng cht kh trong mngTnh a nc/ k nc chit: t l phn
trm gia hm lng cht chit c so vi tng lng cht kh trong mng. chit th
hin mc tinh sch ca mng.Kh nng phn ringTc qua mng ca dng
permeate
10YU T nh hng n nng sut lcDng lu cht ban u: nng , thnh phn, kch
thc phn t, in cc cc phn t, nht, pHc tnh, cu to ca mng lc: a nc, k
nc.Tng tc ions, in cc gia lu cht ban u v mng lciu kin vt l, ng lc
hc ca qu trnh: p sut qua mng, vn tc lc, nhit Yu cu cht lng ca dch
sau khi lc (permeate)
11MT S I LNG C TRNG CHO QU TRNH LC1.Vn tc tip tuyn Uc (m/s):Uc =
Q/ SQ lu lng dch c (retentate) (l/h)S din tch mng lc (m2)2. Hng s
Reynolds (Re)Re = Uc*p*d/ *T - nht ca lu cht ban u(Pa.s)p- khi lng
ring ca lu cht ban u (kg/m3)d ng knh trong ca mng (m)3. nh lut
Darcy ti thi im tJo = Ptm/ *Rm = Lp * PtmRm= 32*X/e*d2Jo dng thm
(l.h-1.m-2) hoc m.s-1 (1m .s-1=3,6.10-6 l.h-1.m-2)Ptm p sut qua mng
(bar hoc atm)Rm tr khng ni ti ca mng (m-1)Lp tnh thm nc ca mngX b
dy ca mng (m)d ng knh l lc (m)e rng ca mng (m)12III. Cac phng phap
loc mang
13 Gia thanh loai mang RO> NF>UF>MF
14Qua trinhCu truc mng lcLoai mangVi loc Microfiltration (MF)Vi
xp i xng(symmetric microporous)Cellulose nitrate or acetate,
polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), polyamides, polysulfone,
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)Siu loc Ultrafiltration (UF)Vi xp
khng i xng(Asymmetric microporous)Polysulfone, polypropylene, PTFE,
polyvinyl chloride (PVC)Loc nano Nanofiltration(NF)Thin-film
membraneCellulose acetate, aromatic polyamideThm thu ngc Reverse
osmosis (RO)Asymmetic skin-type
Cellulose acetate, aromatic polyamide15
1.Vi loc (microfiltration MF)Tach lc nhng phn t co kich thc, phn
t khi kh ln so vi cc qu trnh mng khc nh: cac vi khun, vi sinh vt,
cac cht l lng kha nho, cac phn t co phn t lng ln, cac hat sn trong
cng ngh sn phun..kch thc ca cc phn t ny d = 0,1 10 m
2.siu loc (ultrafiltration uF)16S dng mng hoc phn tch dng cht
lng hoc loi cc phn t ha tan c trong dng.Loi tr vi khun, mt vi loi
protein, thuc nhum v cc c cht c phn t lng ln hn 10.000dalton, v cc
ht c kch t 10-1000.Hiu qu UF ph thuc vo khi lng ca phn t mun tch v
kch thc ca chngUF rt hu hiu trong vic loi b cc hp cht hu c.3.LC
NANO (NANOFILTRATION NF)S dng mng tch dng cht lng hoc cc phn t cht
c trong dng.C kh nng gi cc phn t ng, mui kim loi ha tr II, vi khun,
proteins, cc hp cht hu c v cc hp cht v c ,cc phn t ha tan c khi lng
phn t ln hn 1000daltons.Hiu qu ca NF chu nh hng bi in tch phn t, cc
ht c in tch cng ln th cng d b gi li.
4.Thm thu ngc (reverse osmosis -RO) Loi b cc loi ion ,vi sinh
vt, khong cht, ng, protein, thuc nhum, c bit l cc mui v c (phn t
lng 150-250 daltons, kch thc 1-10)Sn xut nc tinh khit ng chaiTi s
dng (lc li) nc tiu ca cc nh du hnh v tr thnh nc ung trn cc trm v
trLc nc bin thnh nc ngt
17
C CH CA Thm thu ngc (reverse osmosis -RO): a.Thm thu
(osmosis):
b.Thm thu ngc (reverse osmosis):
18
19
QU TRNH PHN RING GIN ONM hnh hi lu ton phn retentate1- bn nguyn
liu2- bm nguyn liu3- thit b lc4- thit b membrane5- van iu chnh6-
thit b trao i nhit
QU TRNH PHN RING GIN ONM hnh hi lu mt phn retentate1- bn nguyn
liu2- bm nguyn liu3- bm hi lu4- thit b membrane
QU TRNH PHN RING LIN TCM hnh n gin1- bn nguyn liu2- bm nguyn
liu3- thit b membrane
QU TRNH PHN RING LIN TCM hnh hi lu mt phn retentate1- bn nguyn
liu2- bm nguyn liu3- bm hi lu4- thit b membrane
retentateQU TRNH PHN RING LIN TCM hnh nhiu giai on1- bn nguyn
liu2- bm nguyn liu3- bm hi lu4- thit b membrane5- van iu chnh
1.M HNH NG (TUBULAR MODULE)d =12,5 75 mml = 0,6 6,4 m
271.M HNH NG (TUBULAR MODULE)
281.M HNH NG (TUBULAR MODULE)
29
M HNH SI (HOLLOW FIBER MODULE)d =2,5 12,7 cml = 18 120 cm50 3000
sid =0,2 3 mmd =0,04 mm
30
M HNH SI (HOLLOW FIBER MODULE)
31
M HNH SI (HOLLOW FIBER MODULE)32
M HNH BNG/TM (PLATE MODULE)33
M HNH CUN XON (SPIRAL - WOUND MODULE)34
