Bai Giang MS Excel - [Chuong 04]

Chng 4. C s d liu Bi ging Microsoft Excel

Bin son: Nguyn Vn Minh Trang 74

Chng 4. C S D LIU

Mc ch

Sau khi hc xong chng ny sinh vin c th:

- Hiu r c s d liu

- Cc thao tc lc d liu trn Excel

- Sp xp d liu theo cc tiu ch

Yu cu

- Phi nm chc cc phng php lp iu kin

- Thc hnh nhiu

S tit ln lp: 02

Bng phn chia thi lng

STT Ni dung S tit

1 4.1. Khi nim 0,5

2 4.2. Sp xp d liu 0,25

3 4.3. Lc d liu 1,0

4 4.4. V biu 0,25

Trng tm bi ging

- Lp iu kin

4.1. Khi nim (Xem [2 tr.100])

- C s d liu (Database) l mt bng d liu c cu trc c th hin nh sau:

Mi ct trong bng m t mt thuc tnh, tnh cht ca d liu trong bng v c phn bit bi mt tn gi th hin u tin trong ct. Mi ct gi l mt trng - Field. Tn ca cc ct th hin dng u tin trong bng d liu gi l dng tiu - Heading row. Lu rng dng tiu l mt dng n khng c s gp .

Mi dng trong bng l tp hp cc d liu tng ng vi cc trng ca bng m t cho mt i tng c th. Mi dng c gi l mt bn ghi (Record)

- V d: Bng sau l mt c s d liu



Hnh 4-Error! No text of specified style in document.-1. V d v CSDL

- Thng thng mt c s d liu (CSDL) c s lng dng v ct ln. Thng qua c s d liu ngi s dng c th:

Tng hp s liu

Thng k d liu. V d nh tnh s lng nhn vin ca tng phng ban

Trch lc ra cc dng d liu theo cc yu cu. V d: Lit k danh sch cc nhn vin phng T chc hnh chnh (TCHC)

4.2. Sp xp d liu (Xem [2 tr.95])

- Bi en vng d liu cn sp xp

- Vo Data, chn Sort... m hp thoi Sort

- Ti Sort by, chn tn ct cn sp xp mc u tin th nht. Nu cn sp xp thm cc iu kin khc th chn ti Then by.

- mi ct cn sp xp ta chn phng n sp xp l tng dn (Ascending) hoc gim dn (Descending)

- Lu rng nu vng c s d liu c cha dng tiu th chn Header row, nu khng th chn No header row v nh th n s sp xp lun dng u tin.

- V d: Trong hnh v di l sp xp bng s liu theo ct Tn trc sau sp xp theo H v tt c sp xp theo kiu tng dn. ng thi, do bi en lun c dng tiu nn phi chn Header rows loi tr dng u tin ra khng sp xp.

y l dng tiu

y l 1 bn ghi

y l tn mt ct



Hnh 4-Error! No text of specified style in document.-2. Sp xp d liu

4.3. Lc d liu

4.3.1. Khi nim (Xem [2 tr.102])

- Lc (Filter) l lit k ra cc dng d liu t trong bng CSDL tha mn mt s iu kin no .

V d:

Lit k danh sch cc sinh vin lp 08CDKT2A c im thi di 5.

Lit k danh sch chi tit cc ln bn mt hng C Ph trong thi gian t ngy 01/04/2008 n ngy 31/05/2008.

- thc hin lc, ta cn nm r cc yu t c bn sau:

Vng (min) d liu: Hay cn gi l CSDL (Database), l vng cha ton b d liu cn x l k c dng tiu .

Vng iu kin (Criteria): l vng bt k trn bng tnh nm ngoi vng CSDL, cha cc iu kin (iu kin m cc bn ghi phi tha mn). Vng iu kin ti thiu c 2 hng: hng u cha tiu ca vng v cc hng bn di lit k cc iu kin. C 2 loi vng iu kin: Vng iu kin so snh trc tip, vng iu kin so snh gin tip

Vng iu kin so snh trc tip: Cho php a vo cc iu kin vi cc gi tr c th so snh trc tip vi cc gi tr trong mt ct no ca bng CSDL. Nguyn tc lp vng iu kin so snh trc tip nh sau:

Sao chp (COPY) tn ct t trong bng CSDL c lin quan ti vic so snh sang vng trng trn bng tnh

cc hng bn di ta lp cc iu kin so snh bt u l mt php ton so snh (>, >=,



V d: Cho mt c s d liu nh sau:

Yu cu bi ton Lp vng iu kin l: Yu cu bi ton Lp vng iu kin l:

Lit k danh sch nhn vin c trnh i hc

Lit k danh sch nhn vin c ngy cng trn 25

Thng k s lng nhn vin n c trnh i hc

Thng k s lng nhn vin c s ngy cng t 20 n 25.

Tnh tng lng phi tr cho cc nhn vin c trnh i hc hoc cao ng

Lit k danh sch cc nhn vin c trnh i hc hoc ang g chc trng phng.

Vng iu kin so snh gin tip: L vng iu kin m mi iu kin l mt cng thc v qu trnh so snh ch da vo php so snh vi gi tr TRUE hoc FALSE. Cch lp vng iu kin so snh gin tip theo nguyn tc sau:

Hng u ghi tn cc iu kin. Tn ny phi khc vi bt k tn ct no trong bng c s d liu

T hng th 2 tr i ghi cc iu kin so snh, mi iu kin l mt cng thc tr v gi tr TRUE hoc FALSE v trong cng thc phi cha a ch ca d liu u tin trong ct cn so snh.

V d: Vi bng s liu trn, ta c mt s iu kin nh sau:

Yu cu bi ton Lp vng iu kin l: Yu cu bi ton Lp vng iu kin l:

Lit k danh sch nhn vin c ngy sinh nht trong thng 8. Cng thc s c gi tr False

Thng k s lng nhn vin sinh trc nm 1975. Cng thc bn c gi tr l True.

Vng ch (Copy to): L mt vng trng trn bng tnh dng cha cc bn ghi tha mn iu kin.

4.3.2. Lc d liu t ng AutoFilter (Xem [2 tr.103])

- Vi chc nng lc d liu t ng (AutoFilter), MS Excel cho php bn hin th nhng bn ghi tha mn iu kin no do bn ch nh. phng php lc ny cc bn ghi trong CSDL khng tha mn iu kin s b giu i ch li



nhng bn ghi tha mn iu kin. Nu cn lu li kt qu lc th ta sao chp chng sang mt ni khc trong bng tnh.

- Phng php lc:

Bi en vng d liu (hoc ch cn t con tr trong vng d liu nu n c tch bit vi cc thnh phn khc trong bng tnh)

Vo Data, chn Filter, chn lnh AutoFilter

Khi ti tiu mi ct s xut hin biu tng (xem hnh v bn di)

Khi cn chn iu kin lc ti ct no th nhp chut vo mi tn ca ct , MS Excel s hin th danh sch gi tr v bn chn mt gi tr lm iu kin. Trong v d bn di, nu chn gi tr l i hc th Excel ch hin th nhng bn ghi m Trnh vn ha c gi tr l i hc. Khi chn mt gi tr c th trong danh sch th Excel s thc hin php so snh bng.

Ct no c tham gia lm iu kin lc th s xut hin mi tn vi mu xanh. Bn c th chn iu kin lc ng thi trn nhiu ct. V d: Nu cn hin th danh sch nhn vin N c trnh i hc th ta phi chn iu kin trn hai ct l Gii tnh v Trnh vn ha.

Hnh 4-Error! No text of specified style in document.-3. V d v chc nng lc t ng

Mt vi gi tr c bit trong danh sch:

Sort Ascending: Sp xp CSDL tng dn theo s liu trong ct ch nh.

Sort Descending: Sp xp CSDL gim dn theo s liu trong ct ch nh.

(All): Hy b iu kin lc ti ct

(Blanks): Lc ra cc bn ghi m gi tr ti ct mang gi tr rng

(NoneBlanks): Lc ra cc bn ghi c gi tr khc rng

(Top 10...): Lc ra N bn ghi c gi tr cao nht hoc thp nht trong ct.

y l cc gi tr bn la chn lm iu kin.



(Custom...): Lp iu kin so snh nng cao. Trong hp thoi ny bn la chn php ton so snh (xem thm bng bn di) u tin v nhp gi tr so snh bn cnh. Bn cng c th kt hp c hai iu kin l V hay Hoc. Trong hnh v di l cch lp iu kin ti ct Ngy cng >=20 v



- Cch thc hin nh sau:

t con tr ti Sheet mun lu kt qu lc.

Vo Data, chn Filter, chn lnh Advanced Filter ta nhn c hp thoi Advanced Filter.

Hnh 4-Error! No text of specified style in document.-5. Lc nng cao

Thc hin cc la chn:

Action: La chn ni lu kt qu. C hai gi tr: Filter the list, in-place: Kt qu lc s ghi ln CSDL; Copy to another location: Kt qu lc s sao chp sang mt ni khc.

List range: Bi en vng CSDL (gm c dng tiu ). Cch bi en: Xa vng hin c, dng chut bi en vng

Criteria range: Bi en vng cha iu kin.

Copy to: Chn bt u ca vng cn cha kt qu lc. Ty chn ny ch xut hin khi la chn Copy to another location.

nh du vo Unique records only ch ly ra mt bn ghi duy nht khi c nhiu bn ghi c cng gi tr.

Cui cng nhp OK (hoc nhn Enter)

Ghi nh

1. Trng hp kt qu lc ghi ln CSDL th ta vo Data\Filter\Show All hin th li CSDL.

2. Vng iu kin lc sau khi lc ta c th xa.

4.3.4. Nhm hm c s d liu (Xem [2 tr.104])

- Cc hm CSDL gm: DSUM, DMAX, DMIN, DAVERAGE, DCOUNT, DCOUNTA

- Cc hm trn dng thng k s liu. V d: thng k s lng nhn vin N c trnh i hc hoc Cao ng th ta phi s dng hm DCOUNT hoc DCOUNTA.

- s dng cc hm trn th nht thit phi thit lp vng iu kin theo yu cu ca bi ton. Cch lp xem thm phn 4.3.1

Nhn vo y bt u vic la chn vng



- Hu ht cc hm CSDL u c c php nh nhau, ch khc nhau v mt ngha. Do trong phn ny chng ti ch gii thiu c php v cch vn dng ca mt hm DSUM, cc hm khc bn t suy lun ly.

4.3.4.1. Hm DSUM

Hm tnh tng cc gi tr theo iu kin

- C php:

DSUM (CSDL ; ct ; vng iu kin)

- Chc nng: Tnh tng cc gi tr trong ct ch nh thuc bng CSDL khi cc gi tr trong CSDL tha mn iu kin cho vng iu kin.

Trong :

CSDL: L a ch vng cha bng d liu chnh v phi bao gm dng tiu

Ct: L tn ca ct cn tnh hoc s th t ca ct cn tnh (ct u tin trong vng CSDL ch nh thnh phn trc c gi tr l 1). Nu ch nh bng tn th tn phi t trong cp nhy kp

Vng iu kin: L a ch ca vng cha cc php so snh v phi c lp trc khi thc lp hm.

V d: Cho bng CSDL nh sau:

tnh tng s ngy cng ca cc nhn vin N c trnh i hc hoc Cao ng ta lp vng iu kin A2:B14 (nh hnh v). Sau ta lp cng thc ti I12 nh sau:

=DSUM(A2:J10 ; 8 ; A12:B14)

- Trong ,

A2:J10 l a ch vng CSDL

8 l s th t ca ct Ngy cng

A12:B14 l a ch ca vng iu kin.



- Kt qu ca cng thc trn l 81. Ngoi ra, ta cng c th s dng cng thc sau:

=DSUM(A2:J10 ; Ng.Cng ; A12:B14)

4.3.4.2. Hm DCOUNT, DCOUNTA, DAVERAGE, DMAX, DMIN

Tng t nh hm DSUM

- DCOUNT: m s lng gi tr l s trong cc dng tha mn iu kin.

- DCOUNTA: m s lng gi tr khc rng trong cc dng tha mn iu kin.

- DAVERAGE: Tnh gi tr trung bnh cng

- DMAX: Tm gi tr ln nht

- DMIN: Tm gi tr nh nht.

4.4. V biu (Xem [2 tr.96])

Hnh v sau l mt biu minh ha cho bng thng k s lng sinh vin theo tng ngnh v tng nm hc.

Hnh 4-Error! No text of specified style in document.-6. V biu

Cch to biu :

- Bi en bng s liu

- Nhp biu tng Chart trn thanh cng c chun (hoc vo Insert, chn lnh Chart) xut hin hp thoi vi 4 bc

- Bc 1: Chn dng biu . Th Standard Types, chn dng biu chun; th Custom Types, chn dng biu ty bin ngi dng Nhp Next

- Bc 2: Ti vng Data Range: Nhp mi tn bn cnh bi en vng d liu dng v biu . Trng hp bn bi en bng s liu trc khi thc hin lnh Chart th a ch t ng cp nht v bn c th b qua bc ny. ng thi bn c th chn thm cch ly s liu theo dng (Rows) hoc ly s liu theo ct (Columns) v ti phn Series in Nhp Next

- Bc 3: Chn cc ty chn cho biu



Th Titles: Nhp cc tiu cho biu , tiu trc OX v tiu trc OY.

Th Axes: Chn cch hin th gi tr trn trc OX v trc OY.

Th Gridlines: Chn cch hin th cc ng dng gi tr

Legend: Cho php ty chn cch hin bng s liu ch dn

Data Labels: Cho php ty bin cch hin th cc gi tr s liu.

Data Table: Cho php ty bin cch hin th bng s liu trn biu .

- Bc 4: Chn ni lu tr biu .

As new sheet: Excel to mt sheet mi lu tr biu . Bn c th ch nh thm tn ca Sheet mi vo bn cnh

As object in: Biu hin th nh mt i tng trn Sheet hin c m bn la chn t danh sch.

- Cui cng nhn nt Finish.

Hnh 4-Error! No text of specified style in document.-7. Chn dng biu

ngha cc nt lnh:

Nt Next: Sang bc k tip

Nt Back: Li li bc trc

Nt Finish: Kt thc qu trnh to biu m khng cn phi hiu chnh bc sau .

Nt Cancel: Hy lnh to biu

Chn loi biu chnh

Chn dng biu con trong

nhm bn phi



Hnh 4-8. Chn vng d liu

Hnh 4-9. Thit lp tiu

Chn vng d liu v biu

Chn cch ly s liu theo hng

hoc theo ct v

y l kt qu ca vic la chn



Hnh 4-10. Chn ni lu tr

Hiu chnh biu

- Cc thao tc hiu chnh gm: Thay i kiu ch, c ch, mu sc ca i tng, dng biu ...

- thay i kiu ch, c ch, mu sc ca i tng ta nhp i ln i tng ri thay i thng qua hp thoi.

- thay i dng biu ta s dng thanh cng c Chart nh hnh v di.

Hnh 4-11. Hiu chnh biu

Chn dng biu

Bt/Tt bng ch dn

Chn cch v theo s liu ca dng hay s liu ca ct

Chn thnh phn ca biu



BI TP THC HNH CHNG 4

Bi tp 4.1.

Cu 1.

M li bi tp Baitap3_3.xls trong th mc MSExcel ca a H:. Nu trng hp khng tn ti file s liu th tin hnh lm li.

Cu 2.

Sao chp bng s liu DANH SCH HC SINH NP TIN NG H trong Sheet1 (nh hnh v di) v dn vo mt Sheet mi. Sau tin hnh sp xp bng s liu trn tng dn theo Lp v gim dn theo s tin.

Bi tp 4.2.

Cu 1.

M li tp tin Baitap3_5.xls trong th mc MSExcel ca a H: Nu khng tn ti file trn th tin hnh lm li.

Cu 2.

Vi bng s liu trong Sheet Bangdiem, hy s dng cng c AutoFilter lc ra cc danh sch sau ng thi cc kt qu thu c phi sao chp sang mt Sheet mi v t tn l KQLoc:

a. Lc ra danh sch cc sinh vin lp KT6A c im di 5.

b. Lc ra danh sch cc sinh vin c Xp loi l Trung Bnh hoc Kh

Cu 3.

Chn thm mt Sheet mi vo trong File Baitap3_5.xls v tin hnh lp bng thng k sau ri dng cc hm c s d liu thng k s lng hc sinh gii, kh ca tng lp. Sheet ny c i tn thnh THONGKE_TONGHOP.

Loi KT6A KT6B KT6C

Gii

Kh



Bi tp 4.3.

Cu 1.

M li tp tin Baitap3_6.xls trong th mc MSExcel ca a H:. Trng hp khng tn ti th tin hnh lm li bi tp .

Cu 2.

Vi bng s liu trong Sheet1, hy s dng cng c AutoFilter lc ra cc danh sch sau ng thi cc kt qu thu c phi sao chp sang mt Sheet mi v t tn l KQLoc:

a. Lc ra danh sch cc ln xut hng ti khu vc KV1 hoc KV2.

b. Lc ra danh sch 05 ln xut hng vi s lng nhiu nht

Bi tp 4.4.

Cu 1.


Cu 2.

Hy sp xp s liu trong Sheet1 tng dn theo Tn v H lt

Cu 3.


a. Lc ra danh sch cc th sinh c s bo danh bt u bng ch A v ni sinh l Nng hoc Hu.

b. Lc ra danh sch cc th sinh thi ngnh Ton c kt qu l t

c. Lc ra danh sch cc th sinh Nam d thi ngnh Ton. Bit rng ct Phi, th sinh n c nh du X.

Cu 4.

Vi bng s liu trong Sheet1, hy s dng cng c Advanced Filter lc ra cc danh sch sau ng thi cc kt qu thu c phi sao chp sang mt Sheet mi v t tn l

KQLocNangCao:

a. Lc ra danh sch cc th sinh thi ngnh Ton c kt qu l t

b. Lc ra danh sch cc th sinh c im thi di 5 bt k mn thi no.

c. Lc ra danh sch th sinh c t nht mt mn thi 10 im.

d. Lc ra danh sch th sinh sinh trc nm 1975 c kt qu l t

Bi tp 4.5.

Cu 1.


Cu 2.




a. Lc ra danh sch nhn vin N c trnh vn ha l i hc hoc Cao ng.

b. Lc ra danh sch gm 03 nhn vin Nam c ngy cng thp nht

Cu 3.

Chn thm mt Sheet trng v lp bng thng k sau. Sau s dng cc hm CSDL thc hin tnh s lng nhn vin Nam, N theo tng loi trnh vo bng trn.

Cu 4.

Lp biu hnh ct minh ha cho bng s liu thng k cu 3.

Bi tp 4.6.

Cu 1.


Cu 2.

Vi bng s liu trong Sheet1, hy s dng cng c Advanced Filter lc ra cc danh sch sau ng thi cc kt qu thu c phi sao chp sang mt Sheet mi v t tn l KQLoc:

a. Lc ra danh sch cc ln nhp hng bia Si Gn.

b. Lc ra danh sch cc ln xut hng bia Si Gn hoc bia Tiger.

Cu 3.

Chn thm mt Sheet trng v lp bng thng k sau. Sau s dng cc hm CSDL thc hin tnh tng s lng hng nhp, xut ca tng loi mt hng vo bng trn.

Cu 4.

Lp biu hnh ct minh ha cho bng s liu thng k cu 3.



Bi tp 4.6.

Cu 1.

Khi to mt tp tin Excel mi ri nhp bng s liu sau vo trong Sheet1.

Cu 2.

Hy to biu hnh trn m phng bng s liu trn.

KT QU TT NGHIP

5%16%

27%42%

7% 3% Xut sc

Gii

Kh

Trung bnh

Yu

Km

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Bai Giang MS Excel - [Chuong 04]