B GIO DC V O TOHC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNGKHOA IN T VIN THNG

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

Ging vin hng dn : Ts. Trn Thin Chnh Sinh vin thc hin : L Ngc Anh Lp : D09VT2 MSSV : 0921010056

H Ni - 2013

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNGKHOA IN T VIN THNG

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

Ging vin hng dn : Ts. Trn Thin Chnh Sinh vin thc hin : L Ngc Anh Lp : D09VT2 MSSV : 0921010056

H Ni - 2013HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNGCNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

VIN KHOA HC K THUT BU INc lp T do Hnh phc

K HOCH NG K THC TP TT NGHIP

H v tn sinh vin: L Ngc Anh Lp: D09VT2a ch lin h: S 28/97 Ph Chnh Kinh . Nguyn Tri Q. Thanh Xun - H Niin thoi: 01649777234 E-mail: Leanhptitd09vt2@gmail.comn v thc tp tt nghip: Vin Khoa Hc K Thut Bu in Ngi hng dn trc tip: Ts. Trn Thin ChnhK HOCH THC TP:TTNi dung thc tpThi gianMc tiuGhi ch

1Tm hiu v t BTS/NODE B DBS 390012/0618/06/2013Nm c cu to t BTS/NODE B DBS 3900.Cu to, chc nng ca tng khi trong t BTS.

2Tm hiu thit b FLX 150/60019/06 25/06/2013Cu hnh mng.Cu hnh thit b.S khi thit b FLX 150/600.

3Tm hiu thit b FTB-7000 OTDR26/062/07/2013

Cch s dng my o thi gian phn x quang OTDR.Nguyn l c bn v OTDR.

4Tm hiu phn mm m phng OptiSystem3/06 11/07/2013Chc nng ca phn mm OptiSystem.

5Tng hp, vit bo co kt qu thc tp tt nghip.T 12/07 19/07/2013Hon thin bo co kt qu thc tp tt nghip.

GIO VIN HNG DN

TS. Trn Thin ChnhH Ni, ngy 30 thng 05 nm 2013SINH VIN

L Ngc Anh

NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN

H v tn sinh vin : L Ngc AnhLp : D09VT2M s sinh vin : 0921010056Ngnh : in t Vin ThngGing vin hng dn : TS. Trn Thin Chnh

Nhn xt ca ging vin hng dnH Ni, ngy thng 7 nm 2013 Ging vin hng dn

MC LC

LI M U4CHNG 1: T BTS/NODE B DBS 390051.1. Gii thiu chung51.2.Cu to t BTS/Node B DBS 390051.2.1.Khi BBU 390061.2.2.Khi thu pht v tuyn 2G (MRFU)71.2.3.Khi chia ngun DC (DCDU)81.2.4.Khi qut (Fan box)81.2.5.Khi v tuyn RRU91.2.6.Thit b h tr10CHNG 2: TM HIU THIT B FLX 150/600122.1.Gii thiu chung v thit b FLX 150/600122.2.Cc cu hnh mng122.2.1.Cu hnh mng im im122.2.2.Cu hnh mng xen r132.2.3.Cu hnh vng ring132.3.Cc cu hnh thit b142.3.1.Thit b u cui (TRM)142.3.2 Thit b xen r (ADM)142.3.2.Thit b lp (REG).152.4. S khi thit b FLX 150/600152.4.1.Phn giao din trm162.4.2.Phn chung162.4.3.Phn giao din tng162.4.4.Phn giao din nhnh162.5.Hin trng h thng ti a im thc tp 2.5.1. Cu hnh h thng162.5.2. Cc card chung182.5.3. Cc card giao din19CHNG 3: TM HIU THIT B FTB-7000 OTDR213.1. Gii thiu my o thi gian phn x quang OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)213.2.1. Nhng tnh nng chnh213.2.2. Cc ch o223.2.3. Tnh nng trung bnh hai hng223.3.Nguyn l c bn v OTDR22CHNG 4: PHN MM M PHNG OPTISYSTEM254.1.Tng quan v phn mm Optisystem254.2. Mt s chc nng ca phn mm OptiSystem254.2.1. Thc hin qut nhiu tham s (Nested Parameter Sweep)254.2.2. Ti u ha a tham s a mc tiu (Multi-parameter multi-target optimizations MPO)304.2.3. Ti u ha tham s n l ( Single - parameter Optimization)31KT LUN32THUT NG VIT TT33TI LIU THAM KHO35

DANH MC HNH VHnh 1.1 T BTS/Node B DBS 39005Hnh 1.2 Cu to t BTS/Node B DBS 39006Hnh 1.3 Khi BBU 39006Hnh 1.4 Card chc nng khi BBU 3906Hnh 1.5 Khi MRFU7Hnh 1.6 Khi chia ngun DC8Hnh 1.7 Khi qut8Hnh 1.8 Khi v tuyn RRU9Hnh 1.9 S kt ni h thng 2G/3G s dng RRU10Hnh 1.10 Cp CPRI10Hnh 1.11 Cp truyn dn11Hnh 1.12 Cp ngun11Hnh 1.13 Cc loi connector11Hnh 2.1 Cu hnh mng im im12Hnh 2.2 S cu hnh mng xen r13Hnh 2.3 S cu hnh vng ring13Hnh 2.4 Cu hnh thit b u cui (TRM)14Hnh 2.5 Cu hnh thit b xen r (ADM)14Hnh 2.6 Cu hnh thit b lp (REG)15Hnh 2.7 S khi thit b FLX 150/60015Hnh 2.8 Cu hnh h thng ti a im thc tp17Hnh 2.9 Cu to nt 117Hnh 2.10 Cu to nt 217Hnh 2.11 Cu to nt 318Hnh 3.1 Giao din my o OTDR21Hnh 3.2 Nguyn l hot ng ca OTDR23Hnh 4.1 Ca s Nested Parameter26Hnh 4.2 Th mc Level 226Hnh 4.3 Tham s ca th mc Level 1 v Level 227Hnh 4.4 Thit lp Nested iterations27Hnh 4.5 Thit lp Start Value v End Value28Hnh 4.6 Qu trnh lp li cho Power v Frequency28Hnh 4.7 Chn Combine29Hnh 4.8 To Combination29Hnh 4.9 Ti u ha a tham s a mc tiu30

LI M UThc tp tt nghip l thi gian gip sinh vinvn dng cc kin thc mt cch tng hp vo thc tin. Qua , sinh vin c c hi tm hiu c phng php p dng l thuyt vo thc tin c hiu qu tt nht.c s ng ca Khoa Vin thng - Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng, em c phn cng v thc tp c s ti Trung Tm T Vn u T Chuyn Giao Cng Ngh - Vin Khoa Hc K Thut Bu inmt n v thuc Tp on Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam.Trong thi gian 5 tun thc tp ti Vin Khoa Hc K Thut Bu in (12/6 n 11/7/2013), em c c cch nhn tng quan hn v cu trc mng thng tin di ng Vinaphone n v trc thuc VNPT. Em c thy hng dn, cng nh tip xc vi cc thit b o c nh thit b ghp knh FLX 150/600, thit b o thi gian phn x quang OTDR.Bn cnh em cn c hc v phn mm Optisystem phn mm m phng h thng thng tin quang. Phn mm ny c kh nng thit k, o kim tra v thc hin ti u ha rt nhiu loi tuyn thng tin quang da vo kh nng m hnh ha cc h thng thng tin quang trong thc t. Thi gian thc tp tuy khng nhiu nhng nh c s quan tm, to iu kin ca Vin Khoa Hc K Thut Bu in, em hon thnh cng tc thc tp v c dp tm hiu, nm bt thc tin hot ng ca mt s thit b. Em xin gi li cm nchn thnh ti Ban lnh o Vin Khoa Hc K thut Bu in, cm n cm n Thy gio TS. Trn Thin Chnh gip , ch bo gip em hon thnh bn bo co ny.Thi gian thc tp khng nhiu, vi kin thc cn nhiu hn ch, nn bn bo co thc tp tt nghip ca em khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st v ni dung v hnh thc. Do em rt mong nhn c s gp ca cc thy, c gio bn bo co c hon thin hn.Em xin chn thnh cm n!H Ni, ngy thng 7 nm 2013 SV: L Ngc AnhCHNG 1: T BTS/NODE B DBS 39001.1. Gii thiu chungT BTS/Node B DBS 3900 co nhim vu thc hin phu song di ng khu vc, kt ni song v tuyn gia cac thu bao v giam sat hoat ng cua cac thu bao trong vung phu cua tram. T BTS/DBS3900 do Huawei sn xut c th cm chung cc khi thu/pht di 900M v 1800M trn mt ngn, Duplexer c tch hp lun trn card thu/pht v tuyn MRFU, khi iu khin h thng 2G/3G cng c tch hp trong cng t.Cc thng s c bn: Hnh 1.1 T BTS/Node B DBS 3900Kch thc: 450(W)*900(H)*450(D) Trong lng: 160 kg (full) Ngun in lam vic: -48Vdc (37.5 57) Nhit lam vic: -20+501.2. Cu to t BTS/Node B DBS 3900T BTS/Node B DBS 3900 c 5 phn chnh (hnh 1.2):Bo co thc tp tt nghip

SV: L Ngc Anh D09VT2 35

BBU 3900: khi bng tn gc MRFU: khi thu/pht v tuyn 2G DCDU: khi chia ngun DC Fan Box: khi qut RRU: khi v tuyn Ngoi ra, cn c cc thit b ph tr.

Hnh 1.2 Cu to t BTS/Node B DBS 39001.2.1. Khi BBU 3900

Hnh 1.3 Khi BBU 3900Khi BBU 3900 l khi bng tn gc, thc hin cc nhim v: Chuyn giao cc tn hiu gia BTS/NodeB vi BSC Cung cp tn hiu ng h h thng Qun l, vn hnh v x l bo hiu cho ton b h thng NodeB v BTS.Cc card chc nng trn khi BBU3900 hin ti s dng trong trm vinaphone HN:

Hnh 1.4 Card chc nng khi BBU 390 UBFA (Universal BBU Fan Unit Type A) : Khi qut, bt buc, ti a 1 card, slot 16. WBBP (WCDMA Baseband Process Unit): Khi x l tn hiu c s WCDMA, bt buc, ti a 4 card, slot 0 ~ 3. WMPT (WCDMA Main Processing and Transmission unit): Khi qun l, iu khin v giao tip Truyn dn cho 3G, bt buc, ti a 1 card, slot 7 GTMU (GSM Transmission, Timing, and Management Unit for BBU): Khi qun l, iu khin v giao tip truyn dn cho 2G, bt buc, ti a 1 card, slot 5 v 6 UEIU (Universal Environment Interface Unit): Khi gim st mi trng v cnh bo ngoi, khng bt buc, ti a 1 card, slot 18 UPEU (Universal Power andEnvironment Interface Unit): Khi bin i ngun -48Vdc sang +12Vdc v gim st cnh bo ngoi, bt buc, ti a 2 card, slot 18 ~ 19. 1.2.2. Khi thu pht v tuyn 2G (MRFU) Chc nng ca MRFU: Nhn cc tn hiu ng b, iu khin, d liu t GTMU ri x l v pht ra anten. Nhn cc tn hiu t anten, x l ri chuyn v GTMU x l tip theo Pht hin phn x sng ng VSWRiu khin cng sut pht. Hin th: n RUN: Sng xanh: C ngun nhng card li Tt: Khng c ngun hoc card hng Xanh nhp nhy 1s: Hot ng bnh thng Xanh nhp nhy 0.125s: ang load hoc card khng th khi ng c. n ALM: Sng : Card li, cn thay th nhp nhy 1s: Kim tra u ni Tt: Khng c li n ACT: Sng xanh: Knh tn s pht On Xanh nhp nhy 1s: Knh tn s pht Off n VSWR: Sng : VSWR ti cng ANT_TX/RXA nhp nhy 1s: VSWR ti cng ANT_RXB nhp nhy 0.125s: VSWR c 2 cng trn Tt: Khng b VSWR Hnh 1.5 Khi MRFUn CPRI: Sng xanh: Link bnh thng Sng : Li quang cng thu Tt: Khng cm module quang SFP hoc module quang khng c ngun.

Giao din: ANT_RXB (DIN connector 7/8): Cng thu RF, ni vi h thng anten ANT_TX/RXA (DIN connector 7/8): Cng thu/pht RF, ni vi h thng anten CPRI0 (Female SFP): Ni ti GTMU hoc ni ti MRFU cp cao hn CPRI1 (Female SFP): Ni cascade MRFU cp thp hn RX_INB ( Female QMA): Cng vo tn hiu phn tp thu RX_OUTA (Female QMA): Cng ra tn hiu phn tp thu .

1.2.3. Khi chia ngun DC (DCDU)

Hnh 1.6 Khi chia ngun DCChc nng: Chia ngun -48Vdc cho cc mdule thnh phn MRFU, FAN, BBU, RRU. Gm 1 cng vo v 10 cng ra -48Vdc Tng ng 10 cng ra l 10 cng tc tt/bt ngun 1.2.4. Khi qut (Fan box)

Hnh 1.7 Khi qutChc nng: Gm 4 chic qut c lp Thng gi, tn nhit cho t thit b H tr cm ng nhit H tr 2 ch iu chnh tc qut: Da vo nhit thu thp c hoc c gim st bi b iu khin chnh.Giao din: SENSOR (RJ45): Kt ni sensor cm bin nhit bn ngoi COM IN (RJ45): Ni ti cng MON0 card UPEU COM OUT (RJ45): Ni tip vi qut cp thp hn (nu c).1.2.5. Khi v tuyn RRU

Hnh 1.8 Khi v tuyn RRU Chc nng Nhn cc tn hiu bng tn c s (IF) t BBU ri x l v bin i thnh tn hiu v tuyn (RF) pht ra anten. Nhn cc tn hiu t anten, x l ri chuyn v BBU x l tip theo Pht hin phn x sng ng VSWR Tch hp khi duplexer trn RRU c th thu/pht tn hiu v tuyn trn cng nhnh anten Hin th: n RUN: Sng xanh: C ngun nhng c li Tt: Khng c ngun hoc RRU hng Xanh nhp nhy 1s: Hot ng bnh thng n ALM: Sng : C cnh bo (khng lin quan VSWR). Tt: Khng c cnh bo n TX_ACT: Sng xanh: Hot ng bnh thng (c truyn dn) Nhp nhy 1s: (Mt lung truyn dn) n VSWR: Sng : C cnh bo phn x sng ng Tt: Khng cnh bo n CPRI_W: Sng xanh: Link CPRI bnh thng Sng : Mt thu tn hiu quang t WBBP Nhy 0.5s: Khng kha c link CPRI

Vic thc hin kt ni h thng 2G/3G s dng RRU c th hin nh hnh

Hnh 1.9 S kt ni h thng 2G/3G s dng RRU1.2.6. Thit b h tr Cc loi cp: Cp CPRI: Ni BBU vi MRFU/RRU

Hnh 1.10 Cp CPRI Cp truyn dn

Hnh 1.11 Cp truyn dn Cp ngun: Ni DCDU vi MRFU,BBU, Fan

Hnh 1.12 Cp ngun Cc loi connector

Hnh 1.13 Cc loi connector

CHNG 2: TM HIU THIT B FLX 150/6002.1. Gii thiu chung v thit b FLX 150/600FLX150/600 l thit b ghp knh c kh nng hot ng tt c cc v tr khc nhau trong mng SDH vi tc STM-1 v c th nng cp ln STM-4. H thng ny c phng thc qun l tin tin nhm theo di v iu khin d dng hot ng ca mng, vn hnh linh hot v c chc nng bo v, to tin cy cao; ngoi ra c kh nng ng dng linh hot vo mng nh tnh nng ni cho. Thit b FLX150/600 bao gm mt gi my, hot ng nh l thit b STM-1, hoc STM-4 nh c thit k theo modul, c ng dng rng ri trong tt c cc cu hnh mng: im - im, phn nhnh, chui, vng (ring).2.2. Cc cu hnh mngCu hnh SDH cho php cu hnh mng rt linh hot v a dng nh: mng im ni im, mng a im, xen r nhnh, mng vng ring, mng a vng ring. Ti cc trm u cui STM cc lung tn hiu 2Mbit/s, 34Mbit/s, 140Mbit/s qua cc thit b ghp knh ng b thnh cc lung 155Mbit/s v c truyn ti cc trm tip theo bng si quang.2.2.1. Cu hnh mng im imTrong mng ny, FLX150/600 c kt ni l hai thit b u cui (TRM) lin kt vi nhau. Ti mi trm, FLX150/600 cung cp chc nng tch ghp cc lung tn hiu 2,048 Mbps; 34,368 Mbps; 139,264 Mbps;STM-1 hoc STM-4. y lcu hnh mng n gin nht, ph hp vi nhng tuyn dung lng nh v khong cchgn.

TRMTRM2,048 Mb/s34,368 Mb/s139,264 Mb/sSTM - 12,048 Mb/s34,368 Mb/s139,264 Mb/sSTM - 1

Hnh 2.1 Cu hnh mng im im

2.2.2. TRMADMREGADMTRMSTM - 1STM - 1STM - 1STM - 1Cp quangCu hnh mng xen r

STM 1/4STM 1/4STM 1/4

Hnh 2.2 S cu hnh mng xen rMng xen r (hay cn gi l mng chui) lmng c t bathit btr ln trong hai trm hai u c cu hnh u cui TRM, cn c cc trm gia c cu hnh tch ghp ADM hoc lp li tn hiu REG.Cc thit b trung gian c cu trc xen/r ADM cung cp cc lung gi liu tc thp (Cc tn hiu mc VC) trong STM-1 hoc STM-4. Cc thit b c cu hnh ti sinh tn hiu REG s cung cp kh nng truy nhp vo phn RSOH cho vic gim st v iu khin.2.2.3. Cu hnh vng ring

FLX 150/600ADMFLX 150/600ADMFLX 150/600ADMFLX 150/600ADMSTM 1/4STM 1/4STM 1/4STM 1/4Trong mng ny, cc nt mng c lin kt vi nhau theo mt vng trn khp kn. Ti mi nt mng, FLX150/600 l thit b xen r ADM, cho php nh khai thc truy nhp ti lung tc thp (tc l cc mc VC) trong tn hiu STM-1/4, mng ny c chc nng bo v lung nhnh PPS. Trong mng vng, FLX150/600 pht tn hiu theo c hai hng, ti pha thu, FLX150/600 la chn mt trong hai tn hiu thu c c cht lng caonht da trn c ch kim tra li v thng tincnh bo ca tn hiu thu c.

Hnh 2.3 S cu hnh vng ringBng vic thit lp hai tuyn truyn dn ring bit vi cng mt tn hiu, cu hnh ny cung cp mt mng SDH dung lng cao v kh nng t khi phc khi c s c ti nt vtuyn m khng cn s can thip caqun l mng bn ngoi.2.3. Cc cu hnh thit b2.3.1. Thit b u cui (TRM)Thit b u cui l thit bc phn giao din quang ch i theo mt hng. Thit b u cui ghp cc lung nhnh (TRIB) thnh lung tng STM-1/ STM-4 hoc tch lung tng thnh cc lung nhnh. Lung tn hiu tng STM-N c th d phng (1+1) hoc khng d phng, tu thuc nh khai thc. Thit b u cui ch s dng trong cu hnh mng im-im hoc cu hnh mng chui.

TRMLung nhnh(Tributary interface)Lung tng(Line interface)

Hnh 2.4 Cu hnh thit b u cui (TRM)

2.3.2 Thit b xen r (ADM)Thit b xen/r l thit b c hai nhm giao din quang i theo hai hng khc nhau. Trong cu hnh mng chui, mng vng v mng HUB, thit b FLX150/600 trung gian c t thnh cu hnhxen/r ADM. Thit b ADM cnhim v tch cc tn hiu t tn hiu STM-N xung giao din nhnh v ghp cc tn hiu lung nhnh ln tn hiu tng STM-N hoc chotn hiu chy thng qua mkhng tch ghp xung trm. Thit b ADM cng cth hon chuyn cc khe thi gianhoc lin kt cho ni b gia cc khe, y chnh l chc nng u ni cho. Tn hiu tng STM-N c cu hnh d phng (1+1) hoc (1+0) tu vo nh khai thc.

ADMLung tngLung nhnhLung tng

Hnh 2.5 Cu hnh thit b xen r (ADM)

2.3.2. Thit b lp (REG).Khi c ly thng tin qu xa, thit b FLX150/600 c cu hnh ADM hay TRM khng th truyn tn hiu vi cht lng tt nht tngun n ch, gii quyt vn ny ngi ta s dng thit b lp (REG) t xen vo

REGLung tngLung tnggia tuyn truyn dn. Thit b REG ti to tn hiu quang nhnc truyn n ch cui cng. i vi s khi, thit b lp cng ging nh thit b ADM nhng giao din tng hp l STM-4 v phn giao din nhnh khng c.

Hnh 2.6 Cu hnh thit b lp (REG)

2.4. SACLNMLMPLPWRL(1)PWRL(2)TSCL(2)TSCL(1)TSCL (2)TSCL (1)CHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCHNgunng b ngoiCnh bo, qun l, nghip vGiao tip PC1-11-22-1345678 S khi thit b FLX 150/600

2-2

Hnh 2.7 S khi thit b FLX 150/600

2.4.1. Phn giao din trmThit b FLX 150/600 cung cp vng kt ni cho vic u dy tn hiu: mt trong s l vng kt ni chung, bao gm cc u ni dng cho tn hiu vn hnh, bo dng h thng v u ni tn hiu STM-1E. Bn vng cn li dng cho tn hiu nhnh v ng h, dng cho cc loi u ni khc nhau v s lng cng khc nhau ty theo cu hnh. u ni tn hiu nhnh, tn hiu ng b c thit k thnh bng, c th tho ri c v cc bng u ni ny cho php truy nhp tn hiu ngoi.2.4.2. Phn chungy l phn m tt c cc cu hnh thit b u c. Trn gi FLX LS, phn ny gm cc card sau: SACL, NML, MPL, TSCL(1), TSCL(2), PWRL(1), PWRL(2).2.4.3. Phn giao din tngPhn giao din tng hp l phn giao din quang gm bn khe trn gi FLX-LS, bn khe ny c nh s nh sau: CH1-1, CH1-2 (nhm 1); CH2-1, CH2-2 (nhm2). Cc khe ny s dng chocc lung tn hiu 139,264 Mbps; STM-1; STM-4.Cc thit b ADM trong mng chui, nhm 1 v nhm 2 c s dng cho cu hnh d phng 1+1 khi c hai kheca mt nhm u lp card, khng c chc nng d phng 1+1 khi mi nhm ch c mt khe c card.Cc thit b ADM trong mng vng s dng hai khe: CH1-2 v CH2-2 hoc CH1-1 v CH2-2. Cc khe CH2-1 v CH2-2 cng c th s dng lp cu hnh d phng cho giao din nhnh.2.4.4. Phn giao din nhnhPhn giao din nhnh l phn giao din quang gm 6 khe: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 vi cc k hiu 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 tng ng vi cc card CHSD nh hnh 2.7.

2.5. Hin trng h thng ti a im thc tp2.5.1. Cu hnh h thngPhng thc hnh quang c lp t mt h thng truyn dn SDH s dng thit b FLX150/600. H thng c lp t theocu hnh mng vng tc STM-1 v STM-4.

FLX150/600FLX150/600Node 1Node 2Node 3STM - 1STM - 1STM - 421 E121x2Mbps21x2Mbps (1:1)1x34Mbps1x34Mbps(1+1)FLX150/600

Hnh 2.8 Cu hnh h thng ti a im thc tp

Nt 1: Bo v 1+1 cho cc cardPWRL1 v TSCL 1, 1 lung 34Mb/s bo v 1+1, 21 lung 2Mb/s bo v 1:1. S dng card giao din quang STM-4 CHSD-4L1 kt ni vi Node3. S dng card giao din quang STM-1 CHSD-1S1 kt ni vi Node 2.Vng giao din trm

SACLNMLMPLCHSD4LCHSD1TSCL1TSCL2CHPDD3CHPDD3CHPD12CHPD12SWD1PWRL1PWRL2

Hnh 2.9 Cu to nt 1 Nt 2: Bo v 1+0cho cccard PWRL1 v TSCL1, 21 lung 2Mb/s. S dng card giao din quang STM-1 CHSD-1S1 kt ni vi Node1 v Node 3.Vng giao din trm

SACLNMLMPLCHSD4LCHSD1TSCL1CHPD12PWRL1

Hnh 2.10 Cu to nt 2 Nt 3: Bo v 1+0 cho cc cardPWRL1 v TSCL1, 1lung 34Mb/s, 21 lung 2Mb/s. S dng card giao din quang STM-4 CHSD-4L1 kt ni vi Node1. S dng card giao din quang STM-1 CHSD-1S1 kt ni vi Node 2.Vng giao din trm

SACLNMLMPLCHSD4LCHSD1TSCL1CHPDD3CHPD12PWRL1

Hnh 2.11 Cu to nt 3Gia cc nt mng c th lin lc c thoi nghip v. Nt s 1 v nt s 3 c gi u dy incho cc lung 34Mb/s v 2Mb/s, cha c gi u dy quang. Nt s 2 cha c gi u dyin vquang.2.5.2. Cc card chung Card ngun (PWRL): lp khe 16, 17vi k hiu PWRL(1), PWRL(2). Chuyn i in p 48V hoc 60V t t ngun thnh cc in p u ra:+5V; -5,2V; +12V; +3,3V DC. Cc in p ny c a ti tng card tu theo nhu cu s dng ca tng card. Kim tra n nh v an ton ca in p u ra. Nu c s c, n s ngt tt c in p u ra ng thito cnh bo v s btthng . Kim tra in p u vo tiim kim tra mt trc card. Lu tr cc d liu vt l ca chnh n m khng th thay i c v trn card khng c cc nt gt v cc thng s thit lp cu hnh. Card cnh bo, nghip v (SACL): lp khe s 1vi k hiu SACL. Ch th cnh bo thit b bng ccLED v a cnh bo rathit b cnh bo ngoi. C mt nt mttrc card th hot ng ca LED. Cung cp chc nng nghip v v cc giao din nghip v, gip ngi vn hnh bo dng lin lc gia cc trm vi nhau. Cung cp chc nng qun l cnh botrm. Card giao din qun l mng (NML): lp khe s 2vi k hiu NML Cung cp giao din truyn thng qun l mng NMS, c knh DCC truyn d liu qun l, iu hnh mng gia cc nt mng, c giao din RS-232 kt ni trc tip vi phn mm FLEXR. Cung cp giao din X.25 kt ni vi mng chuyn mch gi, qua phn mm qun l mng c thtruy nhp ti cc thit b FLX150/600. Card vi x l (MPL): lp khe s 3vi k hiu MPL Thc hin thit lp h thng v gim st Thu thp cnh bo ca cc card giti cc LED trn card SACL Lu tr d liu qun l vbo dng ca tt c cccard Card chuyn mch lung v iu khin thi gian (TSCL): lp khe s 8 v s 9 vi k hiu TSCL(1), TSCL(2). Thc hin chc nng x l con tr, u ni cho v kim tra lung tn hiu i thng. iu khin tn hiung h, trong trng hpng h b ngt n sgi li tn s vpha ca tn hiu ng h s dngln sau cng v duy tr vic cung cp. Chuyn i d phng card. Nu mt card CHPD-12 b s c, n s chuyn cc lung t card lm vic sang card d phng ph hp vi thng lnh cacard CHSW-D1.

2.5.3. Cc card giao din Card giao din 2,048 Mbps (CHPD-D12C) Chuyn i 21 knh tn hiu 2,048Mbps n t cc thit b ghp knh ngoi thnh mt tn hiu AU-4 v ngcli. u vng cc tn hiu 2,048 Mbps trn card. Khi to tn hiu ng h. La chn v thng tin cnh bo. Khi to li ngun. Card giao din 34 Mbps (CHPD-D3) Cung cp mt giao din nhnh c lp 34 Mbps Ghp lung 34 Mbps vo VC-3 Card giao din 140 Mbps (CHPD-D4) Cung cp giao din nhnh 140 Mbps Ghp lung 140 Mbps vo VC-4. Cc card CHPD c lp cckhe: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Card giao din STM-1 in (CHSD-1E) Cung cp mt giao din nhnh STM-1 in Chn, tch cc byte mo u MSOH, RSOH v theodi trng thi ng. Card giao din STM-1 quang (CHSD-1XXX): cc modul thu v pht c t trn cng mt card. Cung cp giao din STM-1 quang. Chn, tch cc byte mo u MSOH, RSOH v theodi trng thi ng. C 3 loicard STM-1 quang: CHSD-1S1, CHSD-1L1, CHSD-1L2. Card STM-4 quang (CHSD-4XXX): cc modul thu v pht ct trn cng mt card. Cung cp giao din STM-4 quang. Chn, tch cc byte mo u MSOH, RSOH v theodi trng thi ng. C 2 loicard STM-4 quang: CHSD-4L1, CHSD-4L2. Cc card CHSD c lp khe 4, 5, 6, 7 vi k hiu 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, 2-2, cho cc giao din tng. Cc card CHSD c lp khe 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 15 vi k hiu 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8 cho giao din nhnh. Card iu khin chuyn mch lng (CHSW): c lp khe 15, c chc nng iu khin chuyn mch bo v cho giao din nhnh trong cu hnh d phng 1:n

CHNG 3: TM HIU THIT B FTB-7000 OTDR3.1. Gii thiu my o thi gian phn x quang OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) My o thi gian phn x quang OTDR c s dng xc nh c im ca khong tuyn si quang, thng l cc on si quang c kt ni vi nhau bng mi hn v bng Connector. My OTDR cho php xem xt k bn trong si quang, c th tnh ton di si quang, suy hao, im t si, tng suy hao phn x cng nh cc mi hn, Connector v suy hao tng.

Hnh 3.1 Giao din my o OTDR 3.2.1. Nhng tnh nng chnh Cc module o FTB-7000B, FTB-7000D v FTB-70000C OTDR cung cp mt di ng n tng vi vng cht ngn, p ng cc yu cu o kim mng ngt ngho ngy nay. Module OTDR thc hin s thu nhn kt qu nhanh vi mc tp m thp cho php nh v chnh xc mi hn suy hao thp. Khong o OTDR c th c chia ti 128000 im vi phn gii ly mu ti 4 cm Module o OTDR c ngun quang Laser v c th tch hp thm phn nh v li bng mt thng VFL, phn ny l tu chn. Cc dng module o FTB-7000B, FTB-7000D v FTB-70000C OTDR c th vn hnh trn my o a nng FTB-400 cng nh trn my o FTB-100B Mini-OTDR. Cng c th s dng ng dng o OTDR trn my tnh c nhn x l kt qu o. Thng tin thm v FTB-400, hy tham kho ti liu hng dn s dng FTB-400.3.2.2. Cc ch o Cc module o OTDR FTB-7000B/FTB-7000D/FTB-70000C c cc ch o nh sau: Ch Auto: Module o s t ng nh gi di si quang, thit lp cc tham s, s thu nhn kt qu, hin th bng s kin v kt qu s thu nhn c. Ch Advanced: Phi thit lp cc tham s o kim ph hp cho module o v thc hin php o bng tay . Ch Template: Thc hin o kim v so snh kt qu thu c vi kt qu tham kho m c o v phn tch t trc. iu ny cho php tit kim thi gian khi o mt s lng ln cc si quang. Kt qu tham kho cng c t ng copy vo kt qu mi. Khi o ch Template cng c th cp nht kt qu tham kho bng cch thm vo cc s kin xc nh vo kt qu mi s thu nhn c. 3.2.3. Tnh nng trung bnh hai hng Tnh nng ny ci tin chnh xc trong vic o kim suy hao (Ch kh dng vi OTDR n mode). S dng kt qu OTDR t c hai hng ca khong tuyn si quang tnh trung bnh suy hao cho mi s kin.3.3. Nguyn l c bn v OTDR My o OTDR pht mt xung nh sng ngn vo si quang, tn x, phn x nh sng s xy ra trong si quang do s khng ng nht gy ra bi cc Connector, mi hn, on cong v cc loi li khc. My o s xc nh v phn tch tn hiu phn x, tn x ngc. Cng tn hiu c o theo nhng khong thi gian ngn xc nh v c s dng a ra cc c im v s kin. chnh lch thi gian gia lc pht v thu tn hiu phn hi c lin quan ti tc truyn nh sng trong vt liu si, iu ny cho php OTDR tnh ton khong cch theo cng thc sau:

Trong : D l khong cch. c l vn tc nh sng trong chn khng (2.998 x 108 m/s). t l tr thi gian t khi pht ti khi thu c xung nh sng. n l h s chit sut ca si quang.Thit b o OTDR s dng cc nh hng ca tn x Rayleigh v phn x Fresnel o kim cc iu kin trong si quang. Cng sut phn x ln hn hng chc nghn ln tn x ngc. Tn x Rayleigh xy ra khi xung nh sng truyn dc theo si quang gp phi s thay i nh v d nh s thay i v khng ng nht v h s trit sut ca si lm cho nh sng b tn x theo tt c cc hng. Tuy nhin, s c mt lng nh sng nh phn x ngc tr li pha pht gi l tn x ngc. Phn x Fresnel xy ra khi nh sng truyn dc theo si quang gp phi s thay i t bin trong mt vt liu v c th gy ra bi cc kt ni hoc im gy dn n mt lng nh sng ln b phn x. Cng phn x tu thuc vo mc thay i v h s trit sut. Khi kt qu y c hin th, mi im trn mn hnh hin th ch th mc trung bnh ca nhiu im ly mu. C th phng to mn hnh xem chi tit hn mi im.

Hnh 3.2 Nguyn l hot ng ca OTDRTrong mt thit k OTDR in hnh, mt vi x l (Microprocessor) gi i mt tp cc lnh hng dn ti b pht xung (Pulse generator) v laser, cung cp cc xung nh sng cho OTDR s dng. (Mt OTDR thng c trang b hai laser, mi laser c trng cho mi ca s truyn dn ca si quang). Nhng xung ny truyn qua mt Coupler quang, Coupler ny cho php cc xung i qua cng OTDR v i vo trong si quang. Khi cc xung phn x quay tr li OTDR, chng c tch ra khi laser ban u bi Coupler quang v c a ti b tch quang thc (APD). Tn hiu tip c chuyn i bi b bin i tn hiu tng t-sang-s (A/D), v c gi vo trong b vi x l phn tch v hin th. Khi kt qu y ang c hin th, mi im trn mn hnh i din cho gi tr trung bnh ca rt nhiu im ly mu.

CHNG 4: PHN MM M PHNG OPTISYSTEM4.1. Tng quan v phn mm OptisystemCng vi s bng n v nhu cu thng tin, cc h thng thng tin quang ngy cng tr nn phc tp. phn tich, thit k cc h thng ny bt buc phi s dng cc cng c m phng.OptiSystem l phn mm m phng h thng thng tin quang. Phn mm ny c kh nng thit k, o kim tra v thc hin ti u ha rt nhiu loi tuyn thng tin quang, da trn kh nng m hnh ha cc h thng thng tin quang trong thc t. Bn cnh , phn mm ny cng c th d dng m rng do ngi s dng c th a thm cc phn t t nh ngha vo, c giao din thn thin, kh nng hin th trc quan.OptiSystemc th gim thiuccyucuthi gian v gim chi phlin quan nthit kca cc h thngquanghc, lin kt,v cc thnh phn. Phn mm OptiSystem l mt sng to, pht trin nhanh chng,cng c thit k hu hiu cho php ngi dng lp k hoch,kim tra,vm phnggn nh tt c cc loilin ktquang hctronglp truyn dnca mt quang ph rng ca cc mngquanghct mng LAN, SAN, MANti mng ultra-long-haul. N cung cplp truyn dn thit k vquyhochh thngthng tin quang t cc thnh phn ti mc h thng. Li ch Cungcpcinhnton cc vohiu nng h thng. nh gis nhy cmtham sgip victhit k chi tit k thut. Trc quantrnh byccty chn thit kv d n khch hng tim nng. Cung cptruycpn gin tp hprng ri cc h thngc tnhdliu. Cung cp cctham st ngqutv ti u ha. Tch hpvihcc sn phmOptiwave.4.2. Mt s chc nng ca phn mm OptiSystem4.2.1. Thc hin qut nhiu tham s (Nested Parameter Sweep)Nu ta thit lp nhiu hn mt tham s sang ch Sweep Mode, ta c th thc hin qut nhiu tham s. Ly v d l thnh phn CW Laser v thit lp ch Sweep cho Power v Frequency. Cho s ln qut lp li l 20.Bc 1: Thit lp hai tham s Frequency v Power sang ch Sweep ct Mode.Bc 2: T trnh n Layout, chn Parameter Sweeps. Hp thoi Parameter Sweeps xut hin. Chn Nested Parameter trong ca s Parameter Sweeps. Ca s Nested Parameter xut hin.

Hnh 4.1 Ca s Nested ParameterBc 3: Chn th mc Nested Levels, n chut phi v chn Add Level. Mt th mc tn l Level 2 c to ra di th mc Level 1.

Hnh 4.2 Th mc Level 2Bc 4: Ko tham s Frequency t th mc Level 1 sang th mc Level 2. Khi Level 1 c tham s Power v Level 2 c tham s Frequency.

Hnh 4.3 Tham s ca th mc Level 1 v Level 2Bc 5: n chut phi vo th mc Level 2 v chn Set number of nested iterations. Hp thoi Number of nested iterations xut hin.Bc 6: Thit lp Nested iterations l 10 v n OK.

Hnh 4.4 Thit lp Nested iterationsBc 7: Chn ct Frequency v s dng Linear Spread Tool, thit lp Start Value l 1500 nm v End Value l 1600 nm. Di tn s nm trong khong 1500 nm n 1600 nm xut hin.

Hnh 4.5 Thit lp Start Value v End ValueBc 8: n OK trong hp thoi Nested Parameter. Qu trnh lp li cho Power v Frequency c to ra. Khong 200 ln lp li c to ra bi cng c Nested Parameter (20x10).

Hnh 4.6 Qu trnh lp li cho Power v FrequencyBc 9: n OK trong hp thoi Parameter Sweeps.Ch : Phi s dng tnh nng Combination tham s ca OptiSystem cho php trang Report cng nhn vic qut nhiu tham s (nested parameter sweep) khi to ra cc th v bng.Cc bc s dng tnh nng Combination nh sau.Bc 1: Trong khung Project Browser, chn th mc Sweeps bn di th mc Global trong danh sch Project Layout.Bc 2: Chn c hai tham s (Frequency v Power) v n chut phi. Trnh n Combination xut hin.Bc 3: Chn Combine

Hnh 4.7 Chn CombineBc 4: Trong hp thoi Combination, n OK. Combination ca hai tham s c to ra di th mc Sweeps.

Hnh 4.8 To Combination4.2.2. Ti u ha a tham s a mc tiu (Multi-parameter multi-target optimizations MPO)

Hnh 4.9 Ti u ha a tham s a mc tiuOptiSystem cung cp mt cng c rt mnh ti u ha a tham s a mc tiu. Hnh 2.3.9 l biu ti u ha ca cng c. Qu trnh ti u ha c thc hin bng cch m phng h thng quang hoc cc h thng con trong OptiSystem. Ni chung, cng c ti u ha iu chnh mt hoc nhiu tn hiu hoc cc tham s thnh phn trc khi mi thnh phn hot ng, da trn cc kt qu thu c trc s dng thut ton ti u ha. Cc th tc ti u ha da trn mt phin bn c ty chnh ca Matlab. Cc th tc ti u ha ny cng c th yu cu mt vi rng buc do ngi dng quy nh trn cc tham s c la chn. iu ny c bit quan trng, chng hn nh khi mt tham s la chn hoc mt vi tham s cn c gi trong khong gia mt vi gi tr.Ti u ha t Mc Tiu da trn mt thc thi phi tuyn bnh phng thp nht kh dng hin nay. t Mc Tiu c gng t c nhiu mc tiu kt qu bng cch thay i nhiu tham s c quy nh bi ngi dng. Cng c ti u ha hin nay cng cho php thit lp nhiu ti u ha a tham s v thc hin chng theo th t.Nu cc tham s thch hp c chn, th tc ti u ha c th tm ra cc tham s ti u nht sau mt s ln lp li thch hp. S ln lp li ty thuc vo s lng cc tham s c chn, s lng cc gi tr mc tiu, nhy, cc gi tr khi u ca cc tham s, phc tp ca h thng,v..v. Tuy nhin, cng nh tt c cc th tc ti u ha khc, th tc c la chn c th nhn nhiu gi tr min hoc nhiu gi tr max cc b thay v nhn mt gi tr ton cc. V kha cnh ny, ta c th ly hai kt qu khc nhau ty thuc vo cc gi tr tham s ban u ca ta. Tuy nhin, y khng phi l vn ch yu, do phm vi tham s c bit. Hn na, ta c th a ra cc gi tr khi u tt ti b ti u do ta c tng v cch hot ng ca tham s hay h thng.4.2.3. Ti u ha tham s n l ( Single - parameter Optimization)Ti u ha tham s n l l mt phin bn n gin ha ca MPO (Ti u ha a tham s). Phin bn ny hot ng nhanh hn MPO v d dng hn trong vic thit lp. Tuy nhin, ngi dng b hn ch ch thc hin ti u ha mt tham s v mt kt qu.MinimizationLoi ti u ha ny lm gim mt kt qu c quy nh bi ngi dng bng cch thay i mt tham s trong khong ngi dng quy nh bt u t mt d on ban u. Ch duy nht mt kt qu c th c lm gim.MaximizationLoi ti u ha ny lm tng mt kt qu c quy nh bi ngi dng bng cch thay i mt hoc nhiu tham s trong khong ngi dng quy nh bt u t mt d on ban u. Ch duy nht mt kt qu c th c lm gim. Bn trong, kt qu ta mun lm tng c o ngc li v th tc lm gim c p dng ly c gi tr ti a.Goal AttainingLoi ti u ha ny c gng t c mt mc tiu khch quan bng cch thay i mt tham s trong khong ngi dng quy nh bt u t mt d on ban u. Loi ti u ny s dng phng php tm kim khu vc. Loi ti u ha t mc tiu c s dng ch yu cho vic trch tham s. V d nh trch tham s nhiu nhit ca PIN t c mt nhy thu cho trc.

KT LUNQua thi gian thc tp n v cng nh tm hiu thm km vi s hng dn tn tnh ca thy gio. Em c tm hiu cc thit b trong h thng thc t, c p dng nhng kin thc hc vo thc t v y cng l c hi em tch ly thm kinh nghim thc t cho bn thn sau ny. Mc d c gng nhng do kin thc cn hn ch v thi gian thc tp cha nhiu nn bn bo co thc tp ca em khng trnh khi nhng sai lm thiu st. Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio hng dn em thc tp, cng cc thy c b mn tn tnh gip em trong thi gian hc tp em c th hon thnh bo co ny.Em xin chn thnh cm n!

THUT NG VIT TT

A

A/DAnalog/ DigitalChuyn i analog/ s

ADMAdd/Drop MultiplexerB ghp Xen/ R

APDAvalanche Photodiode Diode tch sng quang thc

B

BTSBase Transceivern StationTrm thu pht gc

C

CWContinous Wave Sng lin tc

G

GSMGlobal System for Mobile CommunicationsH thng thng tin di ng ton cu

GTMUGSM Transmission Timing and Management UnitKhi qun l iu khin, truyn dn cho 2G

L

LANLocal Area NetworkMng cc b

M

MANMetropolitan Area NetworkMng d liu bng rng

MPOMulti-parameter multi-target optimizationsTi u ha a tham s a mc tiu

MRFUMultimedia Resource Function ControllerKhi thu/pht v tuyn 2G

N

NMLNetwork Management LayerLp qun l mng

NodeBNt B

NPSNested Parameter SweepQut nhiu tham s

R

REGREGeneratorB ti sinh (Lp)

S

SANStorage Area NetworkMng kt ni cc my ch

SDHSynchronous Digital HierarchyPhn cp mng s ng b

SPOSingle - parameter OptimizationTi u ha tham s n l

STMSynchronous Transmistion ModuleModu truyn dn

T

TRMTerminalThit b u cui

W

WBBPWCDMA Baseband Process UnitKhi x l tn hiu c wcdma

WCDMAWideband Code Division Multiple Accessa truy nhp phn chia theo m bng rng

WMPTWCDMA Main Processing and Transmission unitKhi qun l, iu khin v giao tip truyn dn cho 3G

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Cu trc phn cng WCDMA BTS 3900, Huawei.[2]. Ghp knh tn hiu s, Hc vin Bu chnh Vin Thng.[3]. TS. Cao Phn v ThS. Cao Hng Sn, Ghp knh PDH v SDH. Hc vin Cng ngh BCVT, H ni 1-2000.[4]. Ti liu hng dn s dng module OTDR. Adtec-vn.com/downloads/FTB-7000%20VN, Advanced Technologies Crop.[5]. ThS. Vn Vit Em, K thut thng tin quang 2. Hc vin Cng ngh BCVT, H ni 2007.[6]. K thut thng tin si quang (Lu hnh ni b). Hc vin Cng ngh BCVT, H ni 6-2010.[7].ThS. Cao Hng Sn, Cng ngh IP trn WDM. Nh xut bn Bu in, H ni 8-2005.