Bases.diseño.technip

7/29/2019 Bases.diseo.technip

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ONSHORE GAS RECEIVING PLANTNumero de Documento ES021682-000-J SD-0001-0001-Rev B

TABLE OFCONTENTS

1.0INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................11

1.1PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT ........................................................................................... 12

1.2DESIGN BASES INPUT ....................................................................................................... 12

1.3ONSHORE GAS PROCESSING STRATEGY .............................................................................. 12

2.0GENERALINFORMATION..............................................................................................14

2.1ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................... 14

2.2UNITS ............................................................................................................................. 16

2.3L

ANGUAGE.......................................................................................................................

16

2.4FLUID DESIGNATION PHILOSOPHY ...................................................................................... 16

2.5EQUIPMENT DESIGNATION PHILOSOPHY............................................................................... 18

2.6LINE DESIGNATION PHILOSOPHY......................................................................................... 20

3.0CODES,STANDARDS,SPECIFICATIONSANDREGULATORYREQUIREMENTS.21

3.1DOCUMENT APPLICABILITY................................................................................................. 21

3.2LISTS OF DOCUMENTS ...................................................................................................... 21

4.0HEALTH,ENVIRONMENTANDSAFETYDESIGN..........................................................22

4.1AIR,LAND AND SEA DISCHARGES ....................................................................................... 22

4.2NOISE ............................................................................................................................. 22

4.3HOT AND COLD SURFACE PROTECTION............................................................................... 22

4.4ESCAPE ROUTES AND REFUGE AREAS................................................................................. 22

4.5ESCAPE EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................................... 22

5.0SECURITYANDLOSSPREVENTIONDESIGN...............................................................23

5.1SECURITY......................................................................................................................... 23

5.2LOSS PREVENTION............................................................................................................ 23

5.2.1FIRE PREVENTION PHILOSOPHY........................................................................................ 23

5.2.2FIRE AND GAS DETECTION SYSTE M................................................................................... 24


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5.2.3FIREFIGHTING SYSTEMS.................................................................................................. 25

5.2.4FIRE WATER STORAGE.................................................................................................... 27

5.2.5FIRE WATER PUMPS....................................................................................................... 27

5.2.6FIRE WATER P IPING AND SYSTEM PRESSURIZATION............................................................ 27

5.2.7FIRE HYDRANT MONITORS AND HOSE REELS...................................................................... 28

5.2.8WATER SPRAY SYSTEMS ................................................................................................. 28

5.2.9BUILDING FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS............................................................................. 29

5.2.10FOAM SYSTEMS ........................................................................................................... 29

5.2.11FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ................................................................................................... 29

5.2.12FIRE PROOFING ........................................................................................................... 30

6.0ENVIRONMENTALANDGEOTECHNICALDATA............................................................ 31

6.1ENVIRONMENTAL FRAMEWORK........................................................................................... 31

6.2ENVIRONMENTAL DATA...................................................................................................... 31

6.3GEOTECHNICAL ANDTOPOGRAPHICAL DATA [2]................................................................... 32

6.3.1PRELIMINARY TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY AND SOIL MECHANICS STUDY ..................................... 32

6.3.2SEISMIC REGIONALIZATION.............................................................................................. 34

6.4SITE LOCATION [2]............................................................................................................ 35

6.4.1LATITUDE,LONGITUDE AND HEIGHT COORDINATES FOR THE PRELIMINARY P OLYGON OF STUDY:

35

6.4.2GEODETIC COORDINATES FOR THE P RELIMINARY POLYGON OF STUDY:................................ 36

7.0FACILITYFUNCTIONALREQUIREMENTS.....................................................................37

7.1DESIGN LIFE..................................................................................................................... 37

7.2CAPACITY ........................................................................................................................ 37

7.2.1FEED GAS FLOW RATE .................................................................................................... 37

7.2.2LIQUID FLOW RATE ......................................................................................................... 37

7.2.3SOLIDS ......................................................................................................................... 37

7.3AVAILABILITY .................................................................................................................... 37

7.4OPERABILITY AND MAINTAINABILITY.................................................................................... 38


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7.5SPARING PHILOSOPHY...................................................................................................... 38

8.0DESIGNDATA............................................................................................................... 39

8.1CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESERVOIR [1],[5]..................................................................... 39

8.2FIELD PRODUCTION PROFILE ............................................................................................. 39

8.3INLET FEED STREAM.......................................................................................................... 41

8.4DESIGN CASES................................................................................................................. 42

8.5PRODUCED WATER............................................................................................................ 43

8.6BATTERY LIMIT CONDITIONS .............................................................................................. 43

8.7SAND CONTROL ................................................................................................................ 43

8.8PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................. 44

9.0SCOPEOFFACILITIES..................................................................................................48

9.1SEGREGATION CRITERIA ................................................................................................... 48

9.2ARRIVAL PLANT SCOPE...................................................................................................... 48

9.2.1PROCESS UNITS AT AP ................................................................................................... 48

9.2.2UTILITIE S AND SERVICES ................................................................................................ 49

9.2.3NOTES.......................................................................................................................... 50

9.3FACILITIES DESCRIPTION (PRELIMINARY).........................................................................50

9.3.1ARRIVAL PLANT (AP)..................................................................................................... 50

9.3.2PROCESSING PLANT (AP)............................................................................................... 51

10.0SYSTEMS DESIGNCONSIDERATIONS.......................................................................53

10.1P IG LAUNCHING/RECEIVING............................................................................................. 53

10.2SLUG CATCHER .............................................................................................................. 53

10.3GAS FILTERS.................................................................................................................. 54

10.4MPSEPARATOR ............................................................................................................. 54

10.5UTILITIE S SYSTEMS ......................................................................................................... 55

10.5.1FLARE......................................................................................................................... 55

10.5.2FUEL GAS SYSTEM ....................................................................................................... 56

10.5.3OPEN AND CLOSED DRAIN SYSTEMS................................................................................ 56


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10.5.4PLANT AIR /INSTRUMENT AIR......................................................................................... 56

10.5.5NITROGEN SYSTEM....................................................................................................... 57

10.5.6CHEMICAL INJ ECTION SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 57

10.5.7UTILITY AND POTABLE WATER ....................................................................................... 57

11.0MECHANICALDESIGN................................................................................................. 58

11.1PRESSURE VESSELS........................................................................................................ 58

11.2TANKS............................................................................................................................ 58

12.0PIPINGDESIGN............................................................................................................ 60

12.1STANDARD PIPE SIZES...................................................................................................... 60

12.2MINIMUM LINE SIZES ....................................................................................................... 60

12.3MATERIAL SELECTION...................................................................................................... 60

12.4VENTS AND DRAINS ........................................................................................................ 61

12.5RELIEF VALVES .............................................................................................................. 62

12.6CONTROL VALVES .......................................................................................................... 62

12.7P IPING AT EQUIPMENT..................................................................................................... 62

12.8ROUTING........................................................................................................................ 63

12.9ACCESSIBILITY ............................................................................................................... 63

13.0ELECTRICALDESIGN.................................................................................................. 64

13.1ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ..................................................................................................... 64

13.2AREA CLASSIFICATION .................................................................................................... 64

13.3SUBSTATIONS................................................................................................................. 64

13.4COURTYARD OFTRANSFORMERS ..................................................................................... 65

13.5CABLE ROOM ................................................................................................................. 65

13.6BATTERY ROOM.............................................................................................................. 65

13.7ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT ROOM........................................................................................... 66

13.8MACHINE ROOM,AIR CONDITIONING AND PRESSURIZATION................................................ 66

13.9SHORT CIRCUIT CAPABILITIES FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT................................................ 66

13.10ALARMS SIGNAL............................................................................................................ 67


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13.11TRANSFORMERS ........................................................................................................... 67

13.11.1VOLTAGE AND TYPE OF TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS.................................................... 67

13.11.2INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................ 68

13.11.3EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION ......................................................................................... 68

13.12SWITCHGEAR ............................................................................................................... 68

13.12.1MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR (ABOVE 600 VOLT)....................................................... 68

13.12.2LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS AT 480 AND 220VAC..........69

13.12.3COMBINATIONS OF CIRCUIT BREAKER-CONTACTOR (FOR LIGHTING)................................. 70

13.12.4SWITCHES DERIVATIVES AND AVAILABLE COMBINATIONS ................................................ 70

13.12.5DISTRIBUTION PANEL BOARDS SELF-SUPPORTED IN LOW VOLTAGE, LIGHTING PANEL BOARDS

AND DIRECT CURRENT PANEL BOARDS ...................................................................................... 70

13.12.6EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION......................................................................................... 70

13.13MOTORS ...................................................................................................................... 70

13.13.1MOTOR CONTROL -GENERAL....................................................................................... 71

13.13.2EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION......................................................................................... 71

13.14CHARGER AND BATTERY BANK....................................................................................... 72

13.15UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEM................................................................................. 72

13.16BANK OF GROUNDING RESISTANCE ................................................................................ 73

13.17CAPACITOR BANKS ....................................................................................................... 73

13.18ELECTRICAL CONDUIT & CABLE SCHEDULE....................................................................... 74

13.19WIRES AND CABLES....................................................................................................... 74

13.20CABLETRAY ................................................................................................................. 75

13.21WELDING MACHINE OUTLETS.......................................................................................... 75

13.22ELECTRICAL OUTLETS ................................................................................................... 75

13.23HEATTRACING.............................................................................................................. 76

13.24LIGHTING SYSTEM......................................................................................................... 76

13.25GROUNDING SYSTEM AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION ........................................................... 77

13.26ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS ................................................................................................ 77


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14.0INSTRUMENTATIONANDCONTROLDESIGN............................................................ 78

14.1OVERVIEW OF CONTROL AND PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS .......................................................... 78

14.2DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM....................................................................................... 78

14.2.1SDMC BASED ON A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER PLCPLATFORM.....................78

14.2.2SDMCBASED IN A DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM SCD............................................. 80

14.2.3EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION........................................................................................... 81

14.3SIS/ESDSYSTEMS ......................................................................................................... 82

14.3.1SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEM (SIS)........................................................................... 82

14.3.2EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM (ESD)....................................................................... 82

14.3.3EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION........................................................................................... 82

14.4FIRE AND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM................................................................................... 83

14.5FIELD INSTRUMENTATION ................................................................................................ 83

14.6CABLING SYSTEM............................................................................................................ 85

14.7METERING ..................................................................................................................... 86

15.0CIVIL,STRUCTURALANDARCHITECTURALDESIGN................................................88

15.1LOADING ........................................................................................................................ 88

15.1.1DEAD AND LIVE LOADS .................................................................................................. 88

15.1.2WIND LOADS................................................................................................................ 88

15.1.3EARTHQUAKE LOADS ................................................................................................... 89

15.1.4THERMAL LOADS.......................................................................................................... 89

15.1.5NEW RACKP IPE LOADING ............................................................................................ 90

15.1.6LOAD COMBINATIONS.................................................................................................... 90

15.2CIVIL.............................................................................................................................. 90

15.2.1ROADS........................................................................................................................ 90

15.2.2DRAINAGE................................................................................................................... 90

15.3CONCRETE..................................................................................................................... 90

15.3.1CODES AND SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................ 90

15.3.2MATERIALS.................................................................................................................. 90


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15.4STEE L DESIGN................................................................................................................ 91

15.4.1STRUCTURAL DESIGN................................................................................................... 91

15.4.2STEEL GRADES ........................................................................................................... 91

15.4.3WALKWAYS AND ACCESS PLATFORMS ............................................................................ 92

15.4.4DEFLECTIONS AND DRIFT ............................................................................................. 94

15.5BUILDINGS...................................................................................................................... 95

15.5.1SCOPE ....................................................................................................................... 95

15.5.2CODES AND STANDARDS............................................................................................... 95

15.5.3DESIGN LOADS ............................................................................................................ 96

15.5.4GEOTECHNICAL INFORMATION........................................................................................ 96

15.5.5CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS.......................................................................................... 96

15.5.6DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................................. 96

15.5.7ELEVATION AND CLEARANCES...................................................................................... 100

15.5.8DRAINAGE................................................................................................................. 101

15.5.9FIRE PROTECTION ..................................................................................................... 101

16.0TELECOMMUNICATIONANDINFORMATIONMANAGEMENTSYSTEMS.................102

16.1GENERAL DESCRIPTION SUBSEA LAKACHTELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE............102

16.2VOICE AND DATA SYSTEM.............................................................................................. 102

16.3INTERCOM AND PAGING SYSTEM..................................................................................... 103

16.4CCTVSYSTEM............................................................................................................. 103

16.5ACCESS CONTROL AND PERIPHERAL PROTECTION SYSTEM............................................... 104

16.6VIDEOCONFERENCE AND AUDIOVISUAL SYSTEM............................................................... 104

16.7COMMUNICATIONTRUNKING.......................................................................................... 104

16.8POINT TO POINT RADIO COMMUNICATION........................................................................ 105

17.0RISKANDINTEGRITY MANAGEMENT......................................................................106

17.1GENERAL...................................................................................................................... 106

17.2OBJ ECTIVE AND SCOPE ................................................................................................. 107

17.3DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS.................................................................................... 108


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17.3.1NATIONAL LAWS AND STANDARDS ............................................................................... 108

17.3.2INTERNATIONAL CODES AND STANDARDS...................................................................... 108

17.4RISKANALYSIS (HAZARD AND OPERABILITY -HAZOP) STUDY .......................................... 109

17.5HSE MANAGEMENT PLAN............................................................................................... 109

17.6RISKMANAGEMENT PLAN............................................................................................... 110

17.7SILDETERMINATION...................................................................................................... 110

17.8SILVERIFICATION ......................................................................................................... 111

17.9PRELIMINARY FERA...................................................................................................... 112

17.10INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY.......................................................................... 113

17.11RAM ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................... 114

17.12ADDITIONAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY STUDIES................................................................ 114

REFERENCES................................................................................................................... 116

APPENDICES .................................................................................................................... 117


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1.0INTRODUCTION

11.0 MECHANICAL DESIGN

Technical requirements for design and supply of the equipment will be defined in the relevant

project documents such as project specifications, equipment datasheets, equipment drawings,standard drawings, requisitions and purchase orders.

The following are general design criteria per type of equipment. Further details will be defined in

project specifications.

Design bases for AP mechanical design must be completed and/or revised by Contractor during

Engineering.

Los requisitos tcnicos para el diseo y suministro de los equipos ser definida en los documentos proyecto

correspondiente, tales como las especificaciones del proyecto, hojas de datos de equipos, planos de equipo,

estndar de dibujos, requisiciones y rdenes de compra.

Los siguientes son los criterios generales de diseo por tipo de equipo. Mayor detalles sern definidos en lasespecificaciones del proyecto.

Las bases de diseo para el diseo mecnico de AP debe ser completada y / o revisados por el Contratista

durante la Ingeniera.

11.1 Pressure Vessels

All pressure vessels shall be design in accordance with the requirements of the NOM-020-

STPS-2002 and NRF-028-PEMEX-2004.

Vertical and horizontal vessels shall be designed to be self-supported unless otherwise specified

on the vessel guide drawing or datasheet.

The design requirements and variables for the calculation of seismic response loads and wind

loads are according to Manual de Diseo de Obras Civiles de la Comisin Federal de

Electricidad, edicin 2008

All vessels shall receive the stamp of the Code under which they are designed and built.

All vessels shall comply with all federal, state, local laws and regulations that may be applicable.

Todos los recipientes a presin se disearan de acuerdo con los requisitos de la NOM-020-STPS-2002 y

NRF-028-PEMEX-2004.

Los recipientes verticales y horizontales debern estar diseados para ser auto-apoyo a menos que se

especifique lo contrario en el plano gua de recipiente u hoja de datos.

Los requerimientos de diseo y variables para el clculo de las cargas de respuesta ssmica y las cargas

de viento estarn de acuerdo con "Manual de Diseo de Obras Civiles de la Comisin Federal de

Electricidad de 2008, Edicin".

Todos los recipientes debern recibir el estampado del Cdigo en las que se dise y construy.

Todas los recipientes debern cumplir con todas las leyes federales, estatales, locales y de regulaciones

que pudieran ser aplicables.


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11.2 Tanks

Large, welded, vertical cylindrical aboveground storage tanks for atmospheric or near

atmospheric pressure shall be constructed in accordance with NRF-113-PEMEX-2007.

The design requirements and variables for the calculation of seismic response loads and wind

loads are according to Manual de Diseo de Obras Civiles de la Comisin Federal de

Electricidad, edicin 2008.

All tanks shall be built in accordance with NRF-113-PEMEX-2007.

Tanks and supports shall be designed for wind loading; basic wind speed and exposure shall be

as specified on tank drawing.

Tanks installed in areas subject to earthquakes shall include design allowance for seismic loads

and earthquake risk zone shall be as specified on tank drawing.

Designs shall assume that seismic and wind loads act independently of each other.

All atmospheric tanks shall comply with all federal, state, local laws and regulations that may be

applicable.

These design bases together with the atmospheric tanks specification, vessel or tank guide

drawings or datasheets, standard drawings, requisition and purchase order define mandatory

technical requirements to be met by the Vendor in the design, material, fabrication, inspection,testing and supply of the vessel or tank.

Storage tanks for potable water and treated water shall meet the requirements of (PEMEX

to confirm applicable Mexican standards).

Los grandes tanques de almacenamiento de presin atmosfrica o cercano a la atmosfrica, soldado,

cilndrico vertical sobre la superficie, se construirn de acuerdo con la NRF-113-PEMEX-2007.

Los requerimientos de diseo y variables para el clculo de las cargas de respuesta ssmica y las cargas

de viento estarn de acuerdo con el "Manual de Diseo de Obras Civiles de la Comisin Federal de

Electricidad de 2008, Edicin".

Todos los tanques debern ser construidos de acuerdo con la NRF-113-PEMEX-2007.

Los tanques y soportes debern estar diseados para carga de viento, velocidad bsica del viento y

exposicin, y ser indicado en el dibujo del tanque.

Los tanques instalados en zonas ssmicas se incluyen diseo permisible para cargas ssmicas y la zona

de riesgo ssmico, sern las especificadas en el dibujo del tanque.

Los diseos deben asumir que las cargas ssmicas y el viento actan de forma independiente el uno del

otro.

Todos los tanques atmosfricos debern cumplir con todas las leyes federales, estatales, locales y

regulaciones que pudieran ser aplicables.

Las bases de diseo, junto con los dibujos de tanques atmosfricos, gua de especificacin, recipiente o

tanque o fichas tcnicas, planos normalizados, requisicin y orden de compra define las prescripciones

tcnicas que deben cumplir los proveedores en el diseo, materiales, fabricacin, inspeccin, pruebas y

suministro de el recipiente o tanque.

Los tanques de almacenamiento de agua potable y agua tratada debern cumplir los requisitos de... ...

(PEMEX para confirmar las normas aplicables de Mxico).


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12.0 PIPING DESIGN.

Design bases for AP piping design must be completed and/or revised by Contractor during

Engineering.

Las bases de diseo para el diseo de tuberas AP debe ser completada y/o revisados por el Contratista

durante la Ingeniera.

12.1 Standard pipe sizes

Piping shall be sized on the basis of the controlling operating conditions and economic

considerations and when required, shall be sized with allowance for control of approximately 25% of

the variable friction losses at those conditions in piping and equipment, except for the following:

Hydraulic circuits associated with variable speed pumps, compressors, and blowers shall be

designed on the basis of the planned maximum operating conditions.

Possible equipment capability in excess of the maximum planned operating conditions shall not

be considered as a basis of system hydraulic design.

Piping in intermittent service and start up and bypass lines, shall be sized on the basis of the

available pressure differentials and other factors such as noise regulations and velocity constraints

as applicable.

Las tuberas debern ser dimensionadas sobre la base de las condiciones de operacin controlada y de las

consideraciones econmicas y en caso necesario, deber ser de un tamao permisible para el control de

aproximadamente el 25% de las prdidas por friccin, variable en las condiciones de las tuberas y equipos, a

excepcin de lo siguiente:

Circuitos hidrulicos asociados a las bombas de velocidad variable, compresores y sopladores, y debern

estar diseados sobre la base de las condiciones de operacin mxima planeadas.

La capacidad en exceso de los posibles equipos de las condiciones de operacin mximo consideradas no

deber ser considerada como base del diseo del sistema hidrulico.

De tuberas en servicio intermitente y puesta en marcha y las lneas de derivacin, deber ser de un tamao

sobre la base de los diferenciales de presin disponible y otros factores tales como las regulaciones de ruido y

las limitaciones de velocidad segn sea el caso.

12.2 Minimum L ine Sizes

The minimum pipe to be used is 3/4 for utilities lines and 1 for process lines.

Pipe in size NPS 1 , NPS 2 , NPS 3 and NPS 5 shall not be used

La dimensin mnima de la tubera que se utilizar es de 3/4" para las lneas de servicios y de 1" de las lneas

de proceso.

No se utilizarn Tubo de dimensin NPS 1 ", NPS 2 ", NPS 3 "y NPS 5"

12.3 Material Selection

The material requirements shall be in accordance with NRF-032-PEMEX-2005.


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Materials and components shall be suitable for the planned service, the operational

environment, and the fluid characteristics in respect to factors such as corrosion, erosion, and

other physical-chemical effects (e.g. hydrogen attack, stress corrosion, material embrittlement).

a. Material selection and corrosion allowance for a particular service shall be specified in

the project piping material specification, and the material of construction specification.

b. When required, cathodic-protection in accordance with PEMEX specification may be

used for corrosion protection of buried or submerged piping.

In selecting materials, consideration shall be given when a change in pressure or temperature

occurs at equipment such as control valves, relief valves, heat exchangers, or traps. The

upstream block valve, if there is one, shall be selected for the upstream conditions. The

downstream block valve shall be selected for the upstream conditions as well. The equipment,

control valve and bypass valve shall be selected for the upstream conditions.

All steel pipe and pipe fittings NPS 4 and under for drinking water services may be galvanized.

12.4 Vents and Drains

Valved vent and drain connections shall be furnished on all equipment that is not self-venting or

self-draining. Connection shall be located on equipment, if practical, but may be located inconnected piping when there are no valves or blinds between the vent or drain connection and

the equipment. Vents and drains for pumps in services containing abrasive solids shall be

located in connecting piping.

Vent connections shall be furnished for trapped high points of piping NPS 3 andlarger nominal

diameter as follows:

a. Valved when required for operational purposes.

b. P lugged, valve omitted, for hydrostatic test purposes.

Valved drain connections shall be furnished for low points of all lines located above grade.

Vent, drain, and sample outlet connections shall be NPS minimum size, except that all

connections from piping in services involving fluids with suspended solids or materials which are

of high viscosity shall be NPS 1 minimum size.

As general rule, valved vents and drains shall be provided with plug or blind flange unless hard

piped to a closed collection system.

12.5 Relief Valves

Pressure relief valves protecting process equipment shall discharge into a closed system.

Hydrocarbon vapors released shall be collected and sent to the flare for safe disposal.

Release of un-combusted hydrocarbon vapors to the atmosphere must be avoided. Hydrocarbon

vapors and other vapors such as steam could be discharged to the atmosphere only when

absolutely necessary subject to the requirement that the discharge be contingent on adequatesafety provisions. These provisions shall ensure that no unusual hazards are created at grade or

other main operating levels due to the presence of combustible vapor mixtures, atmospheric

pollution, hydrocarbon condensate, or heat radiation as a result of the ignition of the emission at

the outlet point.

Pressure relief valves piping arrangement shall conform to the following:

a. Pressure relief valves on towers and vessels shall be located preferably in the overhead

circuit piping.


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b. Discharge system shall be either self-draining or provided with drain facilities.

12.6 Control Valves

Automatic control valves shall be furnished with either a hand-wheel or with block valves and a

bypass valve for hand control during maintenance operations.

All three-way control valves shall be furnished with a hand-wheel for manually operating the

valves.

Control valves which are spared or operated in parallel services shall be furnished with upstream

and downstream block valves. Bypass valves and hand-wheels shall not be furnished.

Control valves shall not be used for shutoff functions. Dedicated on-off valves shall be provided for

isolation purposes during emergency shutdown.

12.7 Piping at Equipment

Equipment that may be removed from service during operation of the unit shall be furnished with

block valves and valved drains or valved vents and valved drains.

12.8 Routing

The major portion of the piping within most process units is used to interconnect equipment and

support controls between equipment. To minimize the cost of this bulk material, equipment

should be located in process sequence and close enough to suit safety needs, access

requirements, and piping flexibility. The components within the subsystem should be arranged to

suit the most economic piping runs, and the whole assembly should be positioned within the plot

area to provide the most economic interconnection between related process subsystems.

In process unit and utility plants, piping to equipment must run overhead to meet operator and

maintenance clearances. Short runs of piping, however, may run at grade, where they do not

obstruct access ways. Piping in such off-site areas as tank farms must run approximately 18-inch above grade and must provide adequate access to controls and maintenance areas by

walk-over stiles. Off-site pipe racks must be located adjacent to storage tank dikes. Within dike

areas, piping must run by the most direct route unless limited by flexibility and tank settlement.

Piping serving a tank or tanks in a common area must not run through adjoining dike areas.

Generally, most in line plant arrangements are furnished with a central pipe rack system that

acts as the main artery of the unit supporting process interconnection, feeds, product and utility

piping, instruments and electrical cables, and, sometimes, air coolers and drums.

12.9 Accessibility

Piping systems shall be designed avoiding obstruction to access ways, maintenance areas, etc. toallow for inspections and repairs of equipment and piping.

All valves shall be accessible for operation and maintenance.

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