baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetibsu.edu.ge/text_files/ge_file_3298_1.pdffarglebSi, samxreT kolxeTi (aWara da TurqeTis mimdebare teritoria) gamoirCeva uZvelesi endemuri

- 1 -

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti

agraruli da sainJinro teqnologiebis fakulteti

agroekologiisa da satyeo saqmis departamenti

რუსლან დავითაძე

aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareuloba

(mravalferovneba tipologia ekologia)

disertacia

warmodgenilia doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad

agrarul mecnierebaSi

specialoba satyeo ekologiardquo ndash 010502

samecniero xelmZRvaneli

zurab manveliZe

soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori

baTumi

2013

- 2 -

S i n a a r s i

Sesavali--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

Temis aqtualoba------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6

kvlevis mizani da amocanebi------------------------------------------------------ 8

kvlevis meTodebi----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

mecnieruli siaxle----------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba ----------------------- 12

naSromis aprobacia---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13

publikacia----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13

disertaciis moculoba da struqtura-------------------------------------- 13

kvlevis obieqti ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13

Tavi I aWaris daculi teritoriebis bunebriv-istoriuli

pirobebi------------------------------------------------------------------------

14

11 adgilmdebareoba da farTobebi-------------------------------------------- 14

12 12 geologiuri agebuleba da reliefi------------------------------------- 20

13 hava--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22

131 zRvispira aWaris Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis

klimatihellip-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

25

132 zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartylis klimati------------ 26

133 133 zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis sartylis klimati------------- 26

134 naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartylis klimati--------------------------- 26

135 subalpuri tyis sartylis klimati------------------------------------------- 26

14 niadgebi--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27

141 Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis (higrofiluri

Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis) zonis niadagebi---

32

142 wablis tyeebis zonis niadagebi------------------------------------------- 32

143 wiflnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi-------------------------------------- 33

144 naZvnar-soWnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi------------------------------- 33

145 subalpuri da alpuri zonis niadagebi-------------------------------- 33

15 hidrografia--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34

16 tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria-- 35

Tavi II - aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondi mosaxleoba

da tradiciuli meurneoba---------------------------------------------------

41

21 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da

tradiciuli meurneoba) -----------------------------------------------------------

41

22 mtiralas erovnuli parki (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da

tradiciuli meurneoba) ---------------------------------------------------------------

50

Tavi III - aWaris daculi teritoriebis biologiuri

mravalferovneba -----------------------------------------------------------------------

62

31 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareuloba (tyis

fitocenozebi da ZiriTadi formaciebi) ----------------------------------------

62

- 3 -

32 aWaris daculi teritoriebis floris analizi ------------------- 94

321 kintrisSis daculi teritoriebi floris analizi ------------ 94

322 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris analizi -------------------- 99

33 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli

parkis floris endemebi --------------------------------------------------------------

108

Tavi IV aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi

saxeobebi---------------------------------------------------------------------

106

41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis sxvavasxva daculobis

statusismqone mcenareTa saxeobebis mravalferovneba------------------

106

42 aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi mcenareTa

saxeobebis daavadebebi ---------------------------------------------------------------------

111

43 aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaro (faunis

iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi) ------------------------------------------------

114

Tavi V - tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi

regeneraciis kanonzomierebebi aWaris dacul teritoriebze -----

123

51 wablis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba ------------------------------------ 123

52 wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba --------------------------------- 131

d a s k v n e b i da r e k o m e n d a c i e b i ------ 139

gamoyenebuli literatura ------------------------------------------ 149

danarTi 1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas

erovnuli parkis mcenareTa saxeobebis sia-------------------------------

165

danarTi 2 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas

erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani saxeobis

damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi -----------------------

195



reliqturoba-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

201


erovnul parkSi mudmivad an droebiT (sezonurad) mobinadre

gareuli cxovelebis (ZuZumwovrebi frinvelebi reptiliebi da

amfibiebi Tevzebi) saxeobebis sia------------------------------------------------

204

danarTi 5 foto tyis mcenareulobis aRwera da herbariumis

Segroveba (mtiralas erovnuli parki) 2012 weli------------------------

214

danarTi 6 foto bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavla wablnar

tyis tipSi (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli) --------------------------------

danarTi 7 Ffoto mcenareTa saxeobebis aRwera da herbariumis

Segroveba (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli) ----------------------------- 215

214

- 4 -

Sesavali

istoriuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad uZvelesi droidan saqarTveloSi

mravlad moipoveboda sxvadasxva daniSnulebis ew daculi teritoriebi

iqneboda es samefo saufliswulo Tu saTavado sanadiro savargulebi

strategiuli mniSvnelobis geografiuli adgilebi (tyeebi bunebis

Zeglebi iSviaTobebi da saocrebani cixe-koSkebis mimdebare teritoriebi

da aS) sanakrZalo reJims daqvemdebarebuli teritoriebi eklesia-

monastrebis da sxva religiuri adgilebis (salocavebi da sxv) irgvliv

arsebuli teritoriebi egreT wodebuli xatis tyeebi da wmindad

gamocxadebuli nakveTebi soflis safari tyeebi didi daqanebis (300 da

meti) cicabo da Zlier cicabo mTis ferdobebze romlebic SeiZleba

bunebis mavne zemoqmedebis stiqiuri movlenebis (wyaldidobebi zvavebi

Rvarcofebi erozia da aS) kerebad qceuliyvnen (aWaraSi maT iasaRsrdquo

anu akrZaluls eZaxian da soflis mosaxleoba mkacrad icavs)

(batoniSvili vaxuSti 1944 saxokia 1985)

istoriuli wyaroebis mixedviT jer kidev meTormete saukuneSi

Tamar mefem zogierTi teritoriis dasacavad gamosca samefo brZaneba

xuTasi wlis Semdeg ki vaxtang IV-s kanonTa krebulirdquo moixseniebs

ldquoyoruRisrdquo teritorias rogorc dacvis obieqts iq akrZaluli iyo xeebis

moWra da seirnoba teritorias ki mcvelebi icavdnen

saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebis

Tvisobrivad axali etapi bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF)

teqnikuri daxmarebiT damoukideblobis aRdgenis droidan ndash 1991 wlidan

daiwyo TandaTan gadaidga Sesabamisi nabijebi am droisaTvis daculi

teritoriebis sistemis ganviTareba dafuZnebul iyo aRiarebuli da

aprobirebuli saerTaSoriso kategoriebis- konservaciis msoflio

kavSiris (IUCN ndash The World Conservation Union) rekomendaciebis Sesabamisad

daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebam gansakuTrebuli

dinamizmi ukanaskneli aTwleulis periodSi SeiZina da yovelive amis

Sedegad saqarTveloSi amJamad saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia daculi

- 5 -

teritoriebis saerTo farTobi 49731576 heqtars Seadgens rac Cveni

qveynis mTliani teritoriis daaxloebiT 7-ia

aWaraSi pirveli daculi teritoriebi _ kintriSisa da ciskaras

saxelmwifo nakrZalebi _ 1959 wels Seiqmna Tumca xanmokle periodis

Semdeg _ 1961 wels daudgeneli mizezebis gamo ndash ciskaras saxelmwifo

nakrZali gauqmda

aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi dRes daarsebulia 4 kategoriis

daculi teritoria kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali (saerTo farTobiT

1070300 ha) kintriSis daculi landSafti (saerTo farTobiT 319000 ha)

mtiralas erovnuli parki (1580600 ha) maWaxelas erovnuli parki (873300

ha) qobuleTis saxelmwifo nakrZali (33125 ha) da qobuleTis aRkveTili

(43875 ha) sul 3920200 ha rac aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis (ar)

mTliani farTobis (2900 kvkm) 1351-s da aWaris a r tyiT dafaruli

farTobis (2013056 ha rac Seadgens aWaris ar mTliani teritoriis 694-

s) 1351-s Seadgens

saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis biomravalferovnebis

calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlis da misi Semdgomi monitoringis

prioritetul mimarTulebas mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs misi kavSiri

saerTaSoriso konvenciiT ldquobiologiuri mravalferovnebis Sesaxebrdquo (The

Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 httpwwwcbdint ) Cveni qveynis mier

aRebul valdebulebebTan saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvis

strategiiTa da moqmedebaTa gegmiT gansazRvrul habitatebis da

saxeobebis in situ da ex situ konservaciis samTavrobo prioritetTan

(saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis dacvis strategia da moqmedebis

gegma saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba N27 2005 wlis 19 Tebervali

httpmoegovgefileslicenziabsap_gepdf) saqarTvelos garemos dacvis

moqmedebaTa mesame erovnul programasTan (NEAP-2 wwwaarhusge) aseve

sxva saerTaSoriso garemosdacviT konvenciebTan da programebTan

romelTa wevric aris saqarTvelo

yovelive aRniSnulidan gamomdinare kintriSis daculi

teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis mravalferovnebis

tipologiuri da ekologiuri aspeqtebis Seswavla da grZelvadiani

- 6 -

konservaciis prioritetuli mimarTulebebis SemuSaveba did samecniero

da praqtikul mniSvnelobas iZens

Temis aqtualoba

cnobilia rom bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF) mier kavkasia

Seyvanilia im 200 ekoregionis nusxaSi romlebic gamorCeulia saxeobaTa

siuxvis endemizmis maCveneblis taqsonomiuri unikalurobis warmoSobis

Taviseburebebis da habitatebis iSviaTobis maCveneblebiT kavkasia erT-

erTia dedamiwaze identificirebuli biomravalferovnebis 34 `cxel

wertilTagan~ (lsquorsquoHotspotsrsquorsquo) romlebic xasiaTdebian yvelaze didi biolo-

giuri mraalferovnebiTa da safrTxeSi myofi xmeleTis ekosistemebis

siuxviT (WWF Global 200 Ecoregions- a blueprint for a living planet Williams L

Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A2006)

kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas erovnuli parki

mdebareobs msoflioSi aRiarebuli kavkasiis cxeli wertilis

dasavleT kavkasionis koridoris Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi romelic

gamoirCeva reliqturi kolxuri floris da maT Soris kolxeTis mTisa

da mTiswineTis teniani tyeebis unikaluri mravalferovnebiT amis

gamoxatulebaa is faqti rom veluri bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis

(WWF) iniciativaSi ldquoevropis tyeebis 100 cxeli wertilis Sesaxebrdquo anu

daucav tyeTa 100 monakveTis Sesaxeb romlebic aucileblad saWiroeben

dacvas erT-erTi upirvelesi prioriteti mieniWa kolxeTis unikalur

tyis ekosistemebs (The map-rdquo100 European Forests We Should Protekt Nowrdquo 1997)

amas garemoebas is faqti gansazRvravs rom kolxeTis swored es

monakveTebi warmoadgendnen gamyinvarebaTa periodSi siTbos moyvaruli

saxeobebis yvelaze saukeTeso TavSesafars aq zomieri sartylis tyeebi

uwyvetad xarobs mesameuli periodidan aRmosavleT evraziaSi es aris

(hirkanis biogeografiul regionTan erTad) biomravalferovnebiT

sruliad gamorCeuli unikaluri monakveTi amasTan TviT kolxeTis

farglebSi samxreT kolxeTi (aWara da TurqeTis mimdebare teritoria)

gamoirCeva uZvelesi endemuri saxeobebis gansakuTrebuli siuxviT

niSandoblivia aseve rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebi da mtiralas

erovnuli parki kompleqsuri mniSvnelobisaa anu aq xdeba rogorc

- 7 -

florisa da faunis ise araorganuli bunebis iSviaTi obieqtebis movla-

dacva da mecnieruli Seswavla (gigauri 2005)

mtiralas erovnuli parkis kintriSis da aWaris sxva daculi

teritoriebis ganumeorebeli mcenareuli mravalferovneba yovelTvis

gansazRvravda da gansazRvravs mecnier-mkvlevarTa naturalistTa da

mravalricxovan bunebis moyvarulTa did interess

Aarc Tu ise Soreul warsulSi bunebis am saganZuris gafrTxilebandash

dacvaSi daSvebulma Secdomebma zogjer arapatriotulma

momxmareblurma damokidebulebam romelmac gansakuTrebuli simZafriT

iCina Tavi tyis unikaluri ekosistemebis udierma gamoyenebam

Zvirfasmerqniani tyis Semqmneli saxeobebis samrewvelo daniSnulebiT

eqsploataciis saxiT mniSvnelovani ziani miayena florisa da faunis

aborigenuli saxeobebis mravalferovnebas amave dros aWaris daculi

teritoriebi asruleben mTis pirvelyofil (xeluxlebel) tipiuri

(etalonuri) mcenareulobis mniSvnelovani farTobebis SenarCunebis da in

situ pirobebSi grZevadiani konservaciis funqcias

Aaqedan gamomdinare Zalze did mniSvnelobas iZens aWaris daculi

teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis rogorc dedamiwis zomieri sartylis

piroberbisaTvis biomravalferovnebis unikalurobiT da maRali

xarisxiT maxasiaTeblebiT gamorCeuli bunebriv-landSafturi

formirebebis saxeobrivi da ekosistemuri mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove

mdgomareobis kompleqsuri Seswavla tyis fitocenozebis tipebis

(asociaciebis) doneze romelic naTel warmodgenas Segviqmnis aRniSnuli

teritoriebis biologiur mravalferovnebaze mis sistematikur

struqturaze calkeuli saxeobebis ekologiur maxasiaTeblebze

gavrcelebis arealebsa da cenozebSi maTi monawileobis

kanonzomierebebze

kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis tipologiuri

da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Seswavla da misi analizi samomavlod

did daxmarebas gauwevs daculi teritoriebis biomravalferovnebis

calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis mdgomareobis SenarCunebasa da

gaumjobesebas rac metad aqtualuria

- 8 -

kvlevis mizani da amocanebi

kvlevis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens kintriSis daculi

teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis mcenareulobis

saxeobrivi ekosistemuri da fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis

Seswavla da analizi tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis dominanti merqniani

saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis (regeneraciis) kanonzomierebebis

dadgena maRali dacviTi Rirebulebebis tyis formaciebis

biomravalferovnebis SenarCuneba-gaumjobesebis mimarTulebebis

damuSaveba

kvlevis amocanas Seadgenda

- tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio maCveneblebis

analizi

- tyis mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebis da maTi fitocenologiuri

maxasiaTeblebis gamovlena

- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis ekologiuri niSanTvisebebis

gamovlena

- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitaruli mdgomareobis

Sefaseba

- tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli faunis da floris iSviaTi

da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovnebis daxasiaTeba

- tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi aRdgena-ganaxlebis

kanonzomierebebis gamovlena

kvlevis meTodebi

tyis mcenareulobis fitocenologiuri mravalferovnebis analizs

safuZvlad daedo Cveni qveynis biomravalferovnebis daxasiaTebis

meTodologiuri midgomis meTodebi romlebic asaxulia v gulisaSvilis

(gulisaSvili 1952 Гулисашвили 1977) g gigauris (20002005) g

naxucriSvilis (2000) r qvaCakiZis (2001) memiaZe (2004) Манвелидзе (2005)

Manvelidze Memiadze Kharazishvili Varshanidze (2008) da sxv SromebSi

tyis fitocenozebis tipebis (asociaciebis) dasadgenad

eqspediciebis dros gamoviyeneT marSrutuli meTodi romlis mixedviTac

gamoiyofoda marSrutuli svlebi yovel svlaze ewyoboda 3-4 sanimuSo

- 9 -

farTobi 02 025 05 heqtris odenobiT (adgilmdebareobis reliefis

ferdobis daqanebis eqspoziciis gaTvaliswinebiT)

sanimuSo farTobebze xdeboda xevnaris pirwminda aRricxva qvetyisa

da cocxali safaris aRwera satyeo taqsaciaSi miRebuli meTodebis

safuZvelze dgindeboda koromis Semadgenloba boniteti saSualo

simaRle saSualo diametri sixSire saburvelis Sekruloba xnovaneba

mTavari saburvelis Semqmneli qvetyisa da balaxovani safaris saxeobebi

cocxali safaris Semqmneli saxeobebis sixSire-dafaruloba

mieTiTa drudes skalis simbolos mixedviT indikatoruli balaxovani

mcenareebis `siuxvis~ mixedviT sanimuSo baqnebze sididiT 1times1 m da 2times1 m-

ze (jafariZe 2003) es simboloebia

Soc (Socialis)- dominanti saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba aRemateba 90-s

Cop (CopiosusCopostal)

Cop3- maRali ricxovnobis saxeoba sixSire-dafaruloba 70-90

Cop2 - saxeoba warmodgenilia mravalricxovani individebiT sixSire-

dafaruloba 50-70

Cop1 ndash saxeobis sixSire-dafaruloba 30-50

Sp (Sparsussporsal)

Sp3 sixSire-dafaruloba daaxloebiT 30



Sol (Solitariussolitarie)- mcirericxovani individebi - sixSire-

dafaruloba daaxloebiT 10-mde

Un Unicum- erTi individi

tyis mcenareulobis saxebrivi mravalferovnebis analizs

safuZvlad daedo kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r ldquosaqarTvelos

florisrdquo (1971-2003) v memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 a dmitrievas (Дмитриева

1990) m daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1994 Хохряков Манвелидзе

Мазуренко Мемиадзе 1998 2005 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM

Kharazishvili DSh Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 qiqoZe d memiaZe n xaraziSvili

d manveliZe z hainc miuler-Sereri (2009 2010)- monacemebis da

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis

- 10 -

adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004

wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da

saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis uaxloesi sistematikuri

nomenklaturiT (Дмитриева 1990 r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov 1995

Gagnidze 2005) dazustebuli siebi aseve Cvens mier savele kvlevebis

periodSi ganxorcielebuli inventarizaciis Sedegebi

tyis asociaciis gamovlenis farTobze bunebrivi ganaxlebis

Seswavlas vaxdendiT sanimuSo farTobebze aRebul saaRricxvo baqnebis

meTodiT da lentiseburi sanimuSo farTobebis meTodiT sanimuSo da

lentisebur baqnebze samodelo nimuSebiT ganisazRvra mozardis simaRle

da asaki (aranakleb 3 modeli TiToeuli simaRlobrivi jgufisaTvis) ris

Sedegadac simaRlis gradaciebis mixedviT aRiricxa 1-2 wlis aRmonaceni

da 3-5 6-10 da 11 da meti wlis saimedo mozardi lt05m 05-15m gt15m tyis

Semqmneli mTavari saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis SefasebisaTvis

gamoyenebuli iqna v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skala

saxeobaTa endemuroba mieTiTeba n memiaZe 2005 mier mocemul

siasTan Sedarebis safuZvelze

saxeobaTa daculobis statusi qveynis da saerTaSoriso masStabiT

Sefasebuli iqna saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxis (httpwwwgaremoitdcge) da

bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris wiTeli nusxis monacemebze

dayrdnobiT (IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist) kavkasiis ekoregionis wiTeli

nusxis saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT The Project ldquoThe

Caucasus Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian

Biodiversity Hotspotrdquo CEPF final project completion report

(httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasusplantspdf) The Caucasus

Coordination and Development of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity

Hotspot (httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasusshtml) Nakhutsishvili

G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D

Georgia (In The Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region

httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgia_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endem

ic_Plants_of_the_Caucasus_Region) veluri bunebis faunisa da floris

safrTxeSi myofi saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciiT (CITES)

- 11 -

daculi saxeobebi mieTiTa Semdeg monacemebze dayrdnobiT biwaZe ruxaZe

2001 CITES species wwwcitesorg)

merqniani saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi

Sefasebuli iqna i abaSiZis (1959 1962) monacemebTan SedarebiT saxeobebis

reliqturoba Sefasebuli iqna d manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982)

monacemebTan SedarebiT

sakvlev obieqtebze foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebis gamosavlenad

gamoiyeneboda daavadebis simptomebis mqone xeebis marSrutuli wesiT

aRricxva da daavadebis laboratoriuli kvlevis meTodebis gamovlena

sakvlev obieqtebze faunis mravalferovnebis analizs safuZvlad

daedo aWaris faunis reestri 2012 (a buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT)

cxovelTa iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis gamovlena da ricxovnobis

aRwera Cveni monawileobiT ganxorcielda daculi teritoriebis

administraciebis samuSao programebis farglebSi fotoxafangebis

gamoyenebiT

mecnieruli siaxle

kvlevis siaxle specifikuroba da originaloba ganpirobebulia

imiT rom Cvens mier kompleqsurad iqna Seswavlili kontriSis daculi

teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis

fitocenologiuri da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Tanamedrove

mdgomareoba

- GkintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis

magaliTze gaanalizebulia aWaris daculi teritoriebis da maTi

damxmare (buferuli) zonebis socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebi

- gaanalizebulia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis satyeo-sataqsacio

maCveneblebi

- dadgenilia erTiani ekologiis mqone saxeobaTa arealebi da

saxeobaTa kombinaciebi raodenobrivad da cenoturad wamyvani

taqsonebis mravalferovneba

- dadgenilia tyeebis tipologiuri struqtura warmodgenilia maTi

fitocenoturi mravalferovneba tyis ekosistemur doneze da

- 12 -

mocemulia TiToeul formaciaSi Semavali tyis fitocenozebis

jgufebis maTi ZiriTadi da meoradi (warmoebuli) asociaciebis

mokle diagnostikuri maCveneblebi

- dazustebulia tyis mcenareulobis saxeobaTa sia axali

taqsonomiiTa da nomenklaturiT TiToeuli saxebisaTvis mieTiTa

sasicocxlo forma biotopi iSviaTobis statusi endemuroba

- Sefaseba mieca tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxobebis fitosanitarul

mdgomareobas

- Ggaanalizebulia tyis habitatebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli floris

da faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis mravalferovneba

- Seswavlilia tyis ZiriTadi formaciebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis

Taviseburebebi

- Sefasda aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis ekosistemebis

konservaciuli Rirebulebebi da daisaxa maTi gamoyenebis

prioritetuli mimarTulebebi

naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba

kvlevis Sedegebi safuZvlad daedeba ganaxlebadi monacemTa bazis

Seqmnas aWaris daculi teritoriebis ekosistemuri da saxeobrivi

mravalferovnebis Tanamedrvoe mdgomareobis Sesaxeb

- kvlevis Sedegebi xelmisawvdomi da gamoyenebadi iqneba kintriSis

daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis ganaxlebuli

menejmentis gegmis momzadebisaTvis

- saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis saagentos aseve Cveni qveynis

samTavrobo da sakanonmdeblo organoebs miewodebaT ganaxlebuli

informaciebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze velurad mzardi merqniani

saxeobebis ekosaganmanaTleblo da konservaciuli Rirebulebebis

Sesaxeb

naSromis aprobacia sadisertacio gamokvlevebis calkeuli

Sedegebi periodulad ixileboda studentTa doqtorantTa da

axalgazrda mecnierTa respublikur samecniero konferenciebze baTumis

SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis agraruli da sainJinro

- 13 -

teqnologiebis fakultetis agroekologiisa da satyeo departamentis

gafarToebuli samecniero sabWos sxdomebze (baTumi 2010 2011 2012)

saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikul konferenciaze (quTaisi 2012) meore

saerTaSoriso samecniero-konferenciaze (Tbilisi 2012) kintriSis

daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis samecniero-

sakonsultacio sabWos sxdomebze

publikacia sadisertacio Temis irgvliv gamoqveynebulia 8

samecniero statiaD

disertaciis moculoba da struqtura sadisertacio naSromi

moicavs 148 nabeWdi gverds da 51 gverd danarTs Sesavals 5 Tavs 16

qveTavs 20 cxrils 25 fotosuraTs 5 rukas 3 diagramas daskvnebs da

rekomendaciebsGgamoyenebulia 162 dasaxelebis literatura maT Soris

96 ucxour enebze 2 dokumenti da 16 eleqtronuli informacia

kvlevis obieqti kvlevis obieqts warmoadgenda aWaris daculi

teritoriebi kerZod ki kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas

erovnuli parkis tyis formaciebi agreTve ZiriTadi mdinareebis md

yoroliswylis Caqviswylis kintriSis xeobebisa da maTi

mravalricxovani didi da patara Senakadebis bunebrivi da

agroekosistemebi

samadlobelo kvlevis periodSi saxeobaTa inventarizaciis

sistematikis uaxloesi nomenklaturiT dazustebisa da sakvlevi

obieqtebis floris sistematikuri analizisaTvis gaweuli

meTodologirri daxmarebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT baTumis botanikuri

baRis herbariumis kurators biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtors

qalbaton nino memiaZes

- 14 -

Tavi I aWaris daculi teritoriebis bunebriv-istoriuli pirobebi

11 adgilmdebareoba da farTobebi

mtiralas erovnuli parki Seiqmna 2006 wels saqarTvelos

kanonis ldquomtiralas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo Sesabamisad qobuleTis

xelvaCauris da qedis raionebis sazRvrebis farglebSi moqceul

saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebs saerTo farTobiT 15 806 ha mieniWa

daculi teritoriis kategoria - erovnuli parki da ewoda mtiralas

erovnuli parki

mtiralas erovnuli parki mdebareobs kavkasiis samxreT-dasavleT

nawilSi mcire kavkasionis saxeldobr aWara-imereTis qedis ukidures

dasavleT nawilSi qobuleT-Caqvis qedze ndash Savi zRvis siaxloves

(manZili zRvidan parkis uaxloes sazRvramde 12 km-ia) Pparkis

centraluri nawilis geografiuli komponentebia aRm grZedis 410 50rsquo

Crd Gganedis 410 50rsquo (ruka 111)

- 15 -

ruka 111 mtiralas erovnuli parkis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi

sazRvrebi tyis mcenareulobis fonze

parki Seiqmna saqarTvelos saxelmwifo tyis fondis miwebze Pmis

SuagulSi mdebareobs sof CaqvisTavi romlis teritoria parks ar

miekuTvneba mtiralas erovnuli parkis administracia mdebareobs

aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis qobuleTis raionis daba CaqvSi

(WavWavaZis q 13) igi Tbilisidan daSorebulia 370 km-iT saqarTvelos

dedaqalaqs ukavSirdeba rogorc rkinigziT aseve saavtomobilo gziT

parkis teritoria moqceulia qobuleTis satyeo meurneobis Caqvis

satyeos (12203 ha) xelvaCauris satyeo meurneobis ergendashorTabaTumis

satyeos (3200 ha) da qedis satyeo meuirneobis maxunceTis satyeos (403 ha)

calkeul monakveTebze da moicavs 15 806 ha farTobs parkis teritoria

dayofilia 104 kvartlad romelTa sazRvrebad miRebulia bunebrivad

warmoSobili xevebi xeobebi wyalgamyofi qedebi Releebi da gzebi

kvartlebis saSualo moculoba 156 minimaluri 56 maqsimaluri ki 275

ha-s Seadgens

mtiralas erovnuli parkis saerTo farTobia 15806 ha (maT Soris

tyiT dafarulia 15699 ha) funqciuri zonebis mixedviT parkis teritoria

Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli bunebis mkacri dacvis zona 2584 ha

(163) vizitorTa zona 8519 ha (539) tradiciuli gamoyenebis zona 4703

ha (298)

kintriSis daculi teritoriebi (bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso

kavSiris IUCN pirveli kategoria) daarsda saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa

sabWos 1959 wlis 22 ianvris 75 da 24 ivnisis 506 dadgenilebiT sadac

aRniSnulia ldquomoewyos qobuleTis raionSi kolxuri tyis tipis

reliqtiuri florisa da faunis kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalirdquo

kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mdebareobs saqarTvelos samxreT-

dasavleT nawilSi xeoba moqceulia aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis

qedebs Soris aWara-guriisa da Caqvis qedebi CrdiloeTiT

aRmosavleTiT da samxreT-dasavleTiT xeobas yofen md Coloqis aWis

wylis xeobebisagan guriis mTiani nawilisa da Sida aWarisagan xolo

- 16 -

qobuleTis qedi samxreTiT-md Ddexvasa da Caqvis wylis xeobebisagan

Mmetwilad ganeduri mimarTulebis aRniSnuli qedebiT xeoba sami

mxridan SemosazRvrulia uwyvetad xolo meoTxe - dasavleTis mxare

Riaa da dablobiT esazRvreba Sav zRvas Mmisi farTobi 284 kvadratuli

kilometria romelic vrceldeba CrdiloeTis ganedis 410 41rsquo da 410 49rsquo

da aRmosavleTis grZedis 410 46rsquo da 420 09rsquo Soris dRevandeli

monacemebiT nakrZalis mTliani farTobi Seadgens 13893 heqtars (ruka

112)

ruka 112 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis adgilmdebareoba da bunebrivi


kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis farTobia 13350 ha maT

Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts 3190 ha) rac

daculi teritoriis mTliani frTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT

dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT daufaravia aqedan

22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs ara

satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar

farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18

- 17 -

kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis teritorias esa zRvreba

CrdiloeTiT ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba nawilobriv sofxucubnis

farTobebi samxreT-dasavleTiT ndash Suaxevis raioni samxreT-dasavleTis

ndash qobuleTis satyeo meurneoba samxreTiT ndash qedis raioni

kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali da mtiralas erovnuli parki

rogorc administraciul-sameurneo erTeulebi Sedis saqarTvelos

garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saqveuwyebo dawesebulebis

daculi teritoriebis saagentos gamgeblobaSi

garda Cveni sakvlevi obieqtebisa (kintriSis daculi teritoriebi

da mtiralas erovnuli parki) aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis teri-

toriaze dRes funqcionirebs aseve qobuleTis daculi teritoriebi

romelic Seiqmna 1999 wels da moicavs qobuleTis nakrZals (33125 ha) da

qobuleTis aRkveTils (439 ha) da exlaxan daarsebuli maWaxelas erov-

nuli parki (IUCN II kategoria) farTobiT 8733 ha romelic oficialurad

daarsda 2012 wlis 15 maiss kanoniT ldquomaWaxelas erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo

(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350)

aWaraSi dRes arsebuli da moqmedi daculi teritoriebi imarTeba

saqarTvelos kanoniT `daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb~ (1996)

gaTvaliswinebuli menejmentiT da saxeobebis da habitatebis in situ

konservaciis moTxovnebis SesabamisobaSi

aseve arsebobs dagegmarebis procesSi myofi ori daculi

teritoria mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmare zona (mravalmxrivi

gamoyenebis teritoria saerTo farTobiT 10202 ha) (ruka 113)

maWaxelas erovnuli parki esazRvreba md maWaxelas zedawelSi

globaluri garemosdacviTi fondisa (GEF) da msoflio bankis

xelSewyobiT TurqeTSi daarsebul jamilis biosferul rezervats am

garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT maWaxelas xeoba garda turizmis

ganviTarebisa axlo momavalSi umniSvnelovanes funqcias Seasrulebsndash

rogorc ekologiuri derefani da sakvanZo daculi teritoria samxreT

kolxeTSi transsasazRvro TanamSromlobis gansaviTareblad (ruka 114)

- 18 -

ruka 113 daculi teritoriebis qseli aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi

ruka 114 saqarTvelo-TurqeTis daculi teritoriebis transasazRvro

monakveTi kavkasiis ekoregionis dasavleT mcire kavkasionis monakveTze

- 19 -

kintriSis daculi teritoriebi mtiralas erovnuli parki da

maWaxelas erovnuli parki gaadgilebulni arian mcire kavkasionis

dasavleTis koridorSi romelic micavs kritikuli ekosistemebis

TanamSromlobis prioritetul areals 94- (CEPF priority site 94 ndash

MtiralahttpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasuspdf) aseve es sami

daculi teritoria moqceulia kavkasiis ekoregionuli konservaciis

prioritetul arealSi 54 (Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus WWF-

KfW-BMZ-CEPF-MakArthur Foundation Printed by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006 220 p

httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-ecoregion-environment-and-human-

development-issues) (ruka 115)

ruka 115 prioritetuli daculi teritoriebi kavkasiis

ekoregionSi

sagulisxmoa rom kintriSis nakrZals 10703 ha farTobiT

miniWebuli aqvs Ia kategoria (IUCN Ia Category of Protected Areas WDPA ID1656

httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve)

- 20 -

12 geologiuri agebuleba da reliefi

geologiurad mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoria mTliani

aWarisagan naklebad gansxvavdeba ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia mesameuli

periodis andezituri Semadgenlobis tufogenuri qanebi orografiulad

qobuleT-Caqvis qedi aWaras hyofs dasavleT (zRvispira) da aRmosavleT

(Sida mTian) nawilebad Pparkis teritoriaze romelic ZiriTadad

zRvispira aWaris zonas moicavs gamoiyofa

- mTiswineTis gorakborcviani sartyeli (500-600 m-de zd)

- mTis qveda sartyeli (1000-1200 m-de)

- Sua sartyeli (1500-1600 m-de)

- zeda sartyeli (1500-1600 m-ze maRla)

umaRlesi hifsometruli niSnulebi 1700 m-is siaxlovesaa da

miesadageba morvilis qeds romelsac parkis aRmosavleTis sazRvari

gasdevs (mTa morvilis simaRlea 1 765 m zd xolo parkis umaRlesi

wertilia 1 761 m) 1 300 m-s aRemateba mTebi didi mtirala teraTi da

zogierTi sxva reliefi metad danawevrebulia mis formebs Soris

gamoirCeva Tvalwarmtaci viwro xeobebi (maT Soris kanionebi)

kintriSis daculi teritoriebi sakmaod rTuli da mravalferovani

reliefiT xasiaTdeba misi teritoriis umetesi nawili mTebs da Rrma

xeobebs ukavia zedapiris absoluturi simaRle zRvis napiridan

aRmosavleTisaken oTxi aTeuli kilometris manZilze 2 596 metrs aRwevs

pirvelive SexedviT TvalSi gvecemaT reliefis safexurebrivi agebuleba

rac xazgasmiT aRniSnes s kuznecovma da n trifonovma (1935) Al

javaxiSvilis (1936) mixedviT qobuleTis raionSi gamoiyofa reliefis 4

ZiriTadi safexuri (raioni)

- zRvispira dablobi 0-dan 15-25 metramde zRvis donidan

- gorakborcviani mTiswineTi 15-25dan 500-600m metramde

- saSualo mTa-xeobebi 500-600-dan 2000-2100 m-mde

- mTamaRali 2000-2100-dan 2 596 metramde

zRvispira dablobi warmoadgens kolxeTis dablobis ukidures

samxreTs romelic cnobilia kintriSis dablobis saxelwodebiTM misi

zedapiri sakmaod erTferovania ramdenadme mxolod viwro sanapiro

- 21 -

zoli gansxvavdeba qviSiani sanapiro zoli (plaJi) odnav talRiseburi

zedapirisaa romlis sigane 25-30 metrs aRwevs da napiridan

aRmosavleTiT 2-3 metramde maRldeba vake-dablobi aRmosavleTisken 7-8

kilometr manZilze soliseburad aris SeWrili gorak-borcvebSi sadac

misi simaRle 25 metrs aRwevs

gorakborcviani mTiswineTi Seqmnilia xucubnis samebisa da kvirikes

SemaRlebebiT Ddabali borcviani nawili sustad aris danawevrebuli

magram zRvis napiridan manZilisa da simaRlis zrdasTan erTad

matulobs ferdobebis daxriloba da reliefi mkveTr formebs iZens

MmTiswineTis qveda nawili zRvis donidan 500 m-mde miekuTvneba tipiur

gorakborcvian reliefs xolo zeda (700-800 m-de) mTebis wina mxarea

romelic Tanxvedrili dasavleTis mimarTulebis ferdobebiT

gorakborcvebsa da dablobebTan erTad qmnis msxvil sanapiro

orografiul raions

mTa-xeobaTa reliefi warmodgenilia kintriSis auzis umetes nawilSi

Aal javaxiSvilis (1947-1955) mixedviT es aris aWara-imereTis (mesxeTis)

qedisTvis damaxasiaTebeli naoWa struqturis mqone iarusulad

ganlagebuli zedapiriani reliefi romelic miekuTvneba mTiani

eroziul-denudaciuri reliefis tips igi saSualo simaRlis mTebisa da

mravali viwro xeobis kompleqsia Aaq gvxvdeba nebismieri daxrilobis da

eqspoziciis ferdobebi romlebic viwro sanapiro movakebebi enacvleba

ferdobebi daserilia xevebiT xSirad gvxvdeba xramebi da flateebi

adgili aqvs mewyrul movlenebs mTebidan aRsaniSnavia elias cixe (1016

m) skurda (1153 m) kintriSi (1426 m) TelaTi (1563 m) kalva (1766 m) da sxv

mTamaRalas midamoebSi reliefi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva

daxrilobis metwilad dasavleTis ferdobebiT da mosworebuli

zedapirebiT (sarbiela tbiyela didvela sariyeli) SedarebiT naklebi

adgili uWiravs mTamaRalas kldeebsa da naSalebs umaRlesi mTaa xino

saidanac aWara-guriis da Caqvis qedebi iwyeba sxva mTebidan aRsaniSnavia

naraxali (2204 m) nabaZiri (2363 m) peranga (2334 m) da gvanca (2151 m)

rogorc n gvozdeckis gamokvlevebidan (1954-1963) Cans kintriSis auzis

umetesi nawili zRvisgan sabolood gamoTavisuflebuli da

orografiuli formirebis fazaSi Sevida miocenSi neogenis bolos

- 22 -

kintriSis auzis teritoriaze unda yofiliyo axlandelTan SedarebiT

dabali xmeleTi - mcire siRrmis xeobiT da vrceli mosworebuli

zedapirebiT romlis danawevrebac Zlier teqtonuri procesebis gamo

grZeldeboda meoTxeul periodSi s kuznecovis (Кузнецов 1935) mixedviT

sanapiro gorakborcviani zolis terasiseburi reliefi ganviTarda

pliocensa da meoTxeuli periodis gamyinvarebis dros sanapiro dablobi

aRniSnuli periodis warmonaqmnia

xeobis liTologiuri Semadgenloba araerTgvarovania zRvispira

dablobi ZiriTadad agebulia meoTxeuli periodis zRviseuli da

mdinariseuli aluviuri nafenebiT gorak-borcvebi da wina mTebi

agebulia eocenis axalgazrda vulkanogenuri warmonaqmnebiT-

andezitebiT bazaltebiT avgituri porfiritebis tufebiT da

tufbreqCiebiT sof WaxaTidan zeraboselamde Tavs iCens kali

bazaltebi TxelSriani fiqlebi da qviSaqevebi sof xinos zemoT

gvxvdeba lokaluri gavrcelebis liTografiuli kirqvebi (rasTanac

dakavSirebulia adgilebis saxelebi - sakire sakiriRele) xeobis

saTaveSi tufogenur-porfirituli kompleqsi gamosaxulia muqi

fiqlovani tufogenebiT da sxvadasxva qva-qviSebiT dafaruli

avgitlabaradoris porfiritebiT eocenis efuziuri qanebi gansakuTrebiT

gaSiSvlebulia mTamaRalas raionSi qedebis Txemebsa da mwvervalebze

13 Hhava

bunebriv pirobebTagan erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia hava masze didadaa

damokidebuli mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba aWaris daculi

teritoriebi Sedis dasavleT saqarTvelos klimatur raionSi igi

cnobilia subtropikul raionad dasavleTi saqarTvelo Savi zRvis

uSualo klimaturi gavleniT msoflios namdvil subtropikul raionebs

waagavs

notio subtropikuli hava ufro ukeTesad gamoxatulia Savi zRvis

aWaris sanapiroze mTavari kavkasionis mcire kavkasionisa da mcire aziis

maRali mTagrexilebis Semdeg aq havaze zegavlenas axdens zRvasTan

axlos aRmarTuli aWara-guriis Caqvisa da qobuleTis qedebi romlebic

- 23 -

xels uwyoben zRviuri qarebis gamoyenebas es ukanaskneli ganapirobebs

atmosferuli naleqebis siuxves da Warbtenianobas riTac aWaris

zRvispireTi miekuTvneba zRvis suptropikuli havis mudmiv tenian olqs

(m korZaxia 1961) magram zRvispira aWarasa da kintriSis xeobaSi hava

yvelgan erTnairi ar aris dablobidan xinos mwvervalamde igi TandaTan

mkacrdeba

atmosferuli naleqebis saSualo wliuri maCvenebeli mtiralas

erovnul parkSi 2000 mm-ze metia xolo mTa didi mtiralas zRvisken

miqceul ferdobebze 4000 mm-sac ki aRemateba rac mniSvnelovanwilad

ganapirobebs adgilobrivi biotis unikalurobas

haeris tenianoba Seadgens 80-85 -s xSiria nisliani dReebi rac

Tavisebur elfers aniWebs maradmwvane qvetyiT mocul gauval kolxur

tyeebs Nhaeris saSualo wliuri temperatura aq absoluturi simaRlis

mixedviT 10-120C ndashdan (500-600 m zd) 5-60C-mde (1000-1200 m) meryeobs

mTis qveda sartyelSi yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo

maCvenebelia 200C civi Tvis (ianvari) _20C absoluturi minimumi zd-dan

1000-1200 m-ze _1360 C-s aRwevs Pparkis teritoriaze uyinvo dReTa

raodenoba saSualod 274-a Tovlis safarveli simZlavre mTis Sua da

zeda sartyelSi xSirad 3-4 m-s (zogan metsac) aRwevs

uyinvo periodi xSirad 300 dRemde grZeldeba Hhaeris saSualo dRe-

Ramuri temperatura -50-ze qveviT arasdros ecema Ganu wyvetili

savegetacio periodi 100-ze meti saSualo temperaturiT iwyeba aprilis

pirvel dekadaSi da grZeldeba oqtombris Sua ricxvebamde Aam periodis

dadebiT temperaturaTa jami 4000-45000-ia

gorakborcviani zoli dablobTan SedarebiT ufro Tbilia Ees

imiTaa gamowveuli rom zamTarSi adgili aqvs temperaturul inversias

ferdobebidan dablobze Camoedineba haeris civi masa romelic Sevsebas

iRebs agreTve CrdiloeTidan Aamitom am klimaturi zonis zemo da qvemo

nawili temperaturiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan (cxrili 131)

aWaris daculi teritoriebis rTuli reliefis metad daserili

zedapiri da Rrma xeobebi xels uwyobs klimatur elementTa xSir

cvalebadobas simaRlis zrdasTan erTad adgili aqvs haeris (havis)

tipebis kanonzomier cvlas

- 24 -

zamTrobiT reliefis Taviseburi moyvanilobis gamo adgili aqvs

temperaturul inversiebs amitom nakrZalis gorakborcvian zonaSi

zamTris minimaluri temperatura 3-4 gradusiT ufro naklebia vidre

sanapiro vakeze temperaturul inversiebs adgili aqvs SidamTian

mxareSic

sakmaod Tbili zafxuli icis SidamTian nawilSic uTbiles Tveebad

ivlisi da agvisto iTvleba aseTi klimati savsebiT xelsayrel pirobebs

qmnis xe-mcenareulobis kargi zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis esenia wabli

uTxovari wifela rcxila muryani muxa ifani nekerCxali isini qmnian

sakmaod maRal warmadobas rogorc wminda aseve Sereul koromebs

Soris rasac adasturebs nakrZalSi arsebuli I da II bonitetis arseboba

aqedan gamomdinare nakrZalis teritoriaze saWiroa sakuTari

meteosadguris mowyoba romelic ver mogvarda nakrZalis daarsebidan

dRemde

cxrili 131 haeris saSualo wliuri temperaturis jami kvlevis

obieqtebze

Mmeteo-

sadguri

zd

simaR

m-Si

Hhaeris saSualo temperatura (0С)

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

qobuleTi 4 48 55 76 109 154 195 224 226 195 156 107 67

boboyvaTi 70 66 68 85 117 157 195 211 224 199 168 125 93

dagva 200 67 67 88 118 158 192 216 222 197 168 124 88

CaqvisTavi 315 50 54 73 113 150 179 200 205 177 149 108 74

aWaris mcenareuli formaciebis klimaturi sazRvrebis formirebaSi

haeris temperaturas sxvadasxva maxasiaTebelTan erTad gadamwyveti

mniSvneloba eniWeba klimaturi tipebis Camoyalibeba mWidro kavSirSia

bunebriv zonebTan klimaturi tipebis aseTi principiT klasifikacia

- 25 -

kavkasiis da saqarTvelos pirobebisaTvis mogvces dokuCaevma (Докучаев

1951) bergma (Берг 1938) gulisaSvilma (Гулисашвили 1964)

saqSavzRvahidrometmSenisrdquo mravalwliani monacemebsa da d

manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) analitikur masalebze dayrdnobiT tyis

mcenareulobis sartylianobasTan kavSirSirSi kintriSis dacul

tertoriebze da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gamoiyofa

klimatis semdegi tipebi

131 zRvispira aWaris Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis klimati

Savi zRvis sanapiro da gorakborcvian zonaSi zRvis donidan 400-

500 m-mde Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis sartyelSi haeris saSualo

wliuri temperatura 120С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis - ianvris saSualo-

temperatura 20С-ss aRemateba temperaturis absoluturi minimumi

iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qvemoT xolo 100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami

Seadgens 3900-47000-s n krasnovi (Краснов 1913) Tvlida rom subtropikuli

klimatisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia aranakleb 120 С saSualo wliuri

temperature ianvarSi haeris saSualo temperatura aris nulze zeviT

Amis gamo igi subtropikebs miakuTvnebda mxolod samxreT kolxeTs s

ginkuli (Гинкул 1940) subtropikebs miakuTvnebda aWaras da afxazeTsDda

aRniSnavda rom igi warmoadgens subtropikebis CrdiloeTi sazRvris Ll

bergi (Берг 1938) subtropikuli klimatis CrdiloeT sazRvaris

ganmsazRvrelad Tvlis yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperaturas ara

nakleb+2 С-sa xolo t selianinovi (Селянинов 1931) subtropikebis

CrdiloeTi sazRvris ganmsazRvrels ukavSirebs mcenareTa calkeuli

saxeobebis mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi vegetaciis SesaZleblobebs da

100С-ze temperaturaTa jamis raodenobas ara nakleb 3000-40000 С -isa

yovelive aRniSnuli safuZvels iZleva virwmunoT rom aWaris

Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebi (500 m-mde

zd) emTxveva subtropikuli klimatis tips

- 26 -

132 zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartylis klimati

vrceldeba 500-1000 m simaRlemde zRvis donidan am tipis klimatisaTvis

damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali magram araxangrZlivi

Tovlis safariT damaxasiaTebelia Tbili xangrZlivi zafxuli da

naleqebis didi raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura

Seadgens 10-110С-ss absoluturi minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-

mde (iSviaTad 160С-mde) savegetacio periodis xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea

133 zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis sartylis klimati

moicavs 1000-1400 (1500) m simaRleebs Mmas axasiaTebs haeris maRali

fardobiTi tenianoba 80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi 4000

mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-

s yvelaze Tbili Tvis (agvisto) saSualo temperatura 15-1550 С-ia

yvelaze civisa (ianvari) ki temperatura +050С absoluturi minimumi

Seadgens -16-170С-s

134 naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartylis klimati

moicavs zRvis donidan 1500-1600 dan 2100-2200 m-mde simaRleebs xasiaTdeba

teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT

zafxuli xanmokle da grilia temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s

yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema - 640С-mde absoluturi

minimumi -200С-mde zogjer ki ufro dabla ecema savegetacio periodi

Seadgens 45 - 55 Tves

135 subalpuri tyis sartylis klimati

moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa da aRwevs 2400m-mde

gamoirCeva civi zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT zafxuli

xanmok-lea da civi - savegetacio periodi aRwevs 35-45 Tves

maSasadame aWaris fizikur-geografiuli pirobebi gamoirCeva

reliefis rTuli orografiuli danawevrebiT ferdofTa daqane-bis

simkveTriTa da eqsponirebis nairgvarobiT mkveTrad gamoxa-tuli

vertikaluri sartylianobiT da xelsayreli niadaguri da klimaturi

- 27 -

pirobebiT rac miuTiTebs tyis mcenareulobis zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis

mravalferovani ekotopuri pirobebisa da Sesabamisad mravalferovani

tyis Tanasazogadoebebis formire-bis did potenciur SesaZleblobebze

kintriSis daculi teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli

parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia klimatis ZiriTadi tipebis

daxasiaTeba mocemulia cxrili 132-Si

14 niadgebi

aWaris rTulma geofizikurma fonma da bunebriv ekosistemebze

intensiurma anTropogenurma zemoqmedebam ganapiroba niadagsafris

mravalferovneba aWaris niadagebis Sesaxeb pirveli cnobebi mogvepoveba

XIX saukunis miwurulidan - a krasnovis (Краснов 1906) SromebSi v

dokuCaevma (Докучаев 1900) me-19 saukunis bolos pirvelma daadgina

kavkasiis niadagebis geografiuli gavrcelebis kanonzomierebani da

warmoadgina maTi vertikaluri zonalobis sqema am kanonzomierebis

Tanaxmad TiToeul vertikalur sartyels Seesabameba garkveuli

klimaturi pirobebi mcenareulobis da niadagis tipi

dReisaTvis samecniero wyaroebSi moipoveba mniSvnelovani

monacemebi calkeuli niadagobrivi tipebis fizikuri da qimiuri

Tvisebebis maTi nayofierebis Sesaxeb (gedevaniSvili lataria 1951

SevardnaZe 1963 sabaSvili 1965 Ломидзе 1976 1980 TavarTqilaZe 1983

falavandiSvili 1987 1993 2004 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe

manveliZe 1998 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe manveliZe 1998 2003 papuniZe

manveliZe 2000 manveliZe leoniZe 1988 2003 jabniZe 2012 Полинов 1933

Клопатовский 1933 Дараселия 1939 1949 Беридзе 1969 Ромашкевич 1974 Геденидзе

Папунидзе 1975 Папунидзе Кипнис 1985 Манвелидзе Леонидзе 1990 Кипнис

Манвелидзе 1986 da sxvebi)

saqarTvelos teritoria 70 aTas-mde kvadratuli kilometria anu 7

milioni heqtari igi gamoirCeva mravalferovani bunebiT fizikur-geogra-

fiuli niadagobrivi da klimaturi TaviseburebiT saxelmwifos terito-

riis mesamedi tyiTaa dafaruli soflis meurneobis savargulebisaTvis

- 28 -

mTeli farTobis mxolod 40-mde procentia aTvisebuli rac sakmaod da-

bali maCvenebelia da TiToeul kacze saxnavi farTobi 016 ha-s Seadgens

saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli zonis Taviseburma bunebrivma

da geografiulma pirobebma specifikuri tipis niadagebi warmoqmna niad-

agTmcodneobis fuZemdebeli prof v dokuCaevi dainteresda da pirvelma

Caatara mecnieruli gamokvlevebi subtropikuli niadagebis genezissa da

Tvisebebze misi mtkicebiT niadagi warmoadgens bunebriv-istoriul sxe-

uls dedamiwis zedapirze romelsac unari aqvs uzrunvelyos mcenaris

moTxovnileba da warmoSobilia niadagwarmomqmneli 5 ZiriTadi faqtoris

erToblivi moqmedebiTrdquo maT miekuTvneba mTis qanebi reliefi da xnovane-

ba TaviseburebaTa erTobliobam tenian subtropikebSi warmoqmna niadagis

Semdegi tipebi wiTelmiwebi yviTelmiwebi subtropikuli ewerebi da maTi

saxesxvaobebi

wiTelmiwebs uWiravs dasavleT saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli

zonis gorakborcviani zoli da SedarebiT did masivebad gvxvdeba xelva-

Cauris qobuleTis ozurgeTis lanCxuTis Coxatauris raionebSi xolo

mcire masivebis saxiT ndash oCamCiris galis zugdidis walenjixis senakis

martvilis wyaltubos qedis da xonis raionebSi wiTelmiwebs ukavia da-

savleT saqarTvelos Waobiani da eweri niadagebis gavrcelebis zeda zo-

li zRvis donidan 50-300 m simaRlemde da saukeTesoa Caisa da sxva sub-

tropikuli kulturebis gasaSeneblad am mizniT aseT miwebs yuradReba

jer kidev XIX saukuneSi miaqcies

tipiuri wiTelmiwa Rrma profiliT gamoirCeva misi akumulaciur-

aluviuri horizontis sisqe 20-50 sm-is farglebSi meryeobs da siRrmis

mixedviT TandaTan gadadis gamofitvis qerqSi romlis sisqe Caqvi-cixis-

Ziris midamoebSi zogjer 7-10 m-s aRwevs es qerqi fxvieria axasiaTebs

kargad gamosaxuli mikroagregatuloba kargi wyalgamtaria da fesvs

advilad iTvisebs es ki tipiuri wiTelmiwebis erT-erTi dadebiTi mxarea

- 29 -

cxrili 132 kintriSis daculi teritoriebsa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriebze

gavrcelebuli klimatis ZiriTadi tipebi

mcenareulobis gavrcelebis sartyeli

simaRle (metri z-d-dan)

klimatis daxasiaTeba

qveda sazRvari

zeda sazRvari

1 2 3 4

zRvispira dablobebis da higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli

50 - 150 550-600 haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura 120С-ia

yvelaze civi Tvis-ianvris saSualo-temperatura

aRemateba 20С-ss temperaturis absoluturi

minimumi iSviaTad Camodis 100С-ze qveviT xolo

100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami Seadgens 3900-

47000С-s

zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartyeli

550 - 600 1150-1200 damaxasiaTebelia zomierad civi zamTari maRali

magram ara xangrZlivi Tovlis safariT Tbili

xangrZlivi zafxuli da naleqebis didi

raodenoba (gt2500mm) haeris saSualo wliuri

temperatura Seadgens +10-110С-ss absoluturi

minimaluri temperatura Camodis-10-120С-mde

(iSviaTad -160С-mde) savegetacio periodis

xangrZlivoba 65-75 Tvea

- 30 -

gagrZeleba cxrili 132

1 2 3 4

zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis da xe-buCqnari dajgufebebis ldquoSqerianirdquo-s sartyeli

550 - 600 1500 axasiaTebs haeris maRali fardobiTi tenianoba -

80-81 saSualod weliwadSi da uxvi naleqebi-

3500-3800 mm-mde weliwadSi haeris saSualo

wliuri temperatura Seadgens +85-90С-s yvelaze

Tbili Tvis - agvistos saSualo temperatura +15-

1550С-ia yvelaze civi Tvis (ianvari) saSualo

temperatura +050С absolituri minimumi ecema -

16-170С-mde

naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 xasiaTdeba teniani SedarebiT civi zamTriT da

mdgradi Tovlis saburveliT vidre wina

klimatur tipebi zafxuli xanmokle da grilia

temperaturuli maqsimumi aRwevs 280С-s yvelaze

civi Tvis saSualo temperatura ecema-640С-mde

absoluturi minimumi - 200С-mde savegetacio

periodis xangZlivoba Seadgens 45-55 Tves

subalpuri da alpuri mcenareulobis sartyeli

2300 - 2350 2596 moicavs nawils naZvisa da soWis tyis klimatisa

da aRwevs 2400 m-mde zd-dan gamoirCeva civi

zamTriT da xangrZlivi Tovlis saburveliT

zafxuli xanmoklea da civi savegetacio periodi

aRwevs 35-45 Tves

- 31 -

amrigad humusi wiTelmiwa niadagis zeda fenaSi-0-10sm siRrmes aR-

wevs azotis Semcvelobac metia rac siRrmis matebasTan erTad mkveTrad

klebulobs m bziavas (1958) monacemebiT wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusovani

nivTierebebis SedgenilobaSi Warbobs fulvmJavebi da humusi mkveTrad

gamoxatuli fulvaturi tipisaa gakulturebisas mkveTrad izrdeba humi-

nis mJavebis Semcveloba da Sefardeba sadac huminomJavebi-fulvomJavebi

erTis tolia an erTze metia wiTelmiwa niadagebis humusSi azotis Sem-

cveloba 5-6 -s aRwevs rac ufro mdidaria niadagi organuli nivTiereb-

ebiT miT ufro meti raodenobiT Seicavs azots magram wiTelmiwa da ew-

eri niadagebis maRali mJavianobisa da fuZeebiT gaRaribebis gamo maTSi

mikrobiologiuri procesebi metad SezRudulia amasTan organuli azot-

is mineralizacia Zalze Senelebulad mimdinareobs amiT humusiT

mdidari niadagebic ki sasoflo sameurneo kulturebiT azotiani

sasuqebiTgamokvebis efeqtianoba amiT aixsneba

yviTelmiwebi aWaraSi SedarebiT mcire arealiTaa warmodgenili

farTodaa gavrcelebuli afxazeTSi samegreloSi xonSi tyibulsa da

vanSi am niadagebs TavianTi fiziko-qimiuri TvisebebiT gardamavali ad-

gili uWiravT wiTelmiwebsa da tyis yomral niadagebs Soris maT axasi-

aTebs moyviTalo feri naklebi sisqe susti ganviTareba da mZime meqani-

kuri Sedgeniloba wiTelmiwebi da yviTelmiwebi 400-500 m simaRlemdea

gavrcelebuli ufro zeviT ki tyis yomrali niadagebia

aluviuri niadagebi gavrcelebulia bzifis kodoris enguris ri-

onis cxeniswylis sufsis Woroxis da sxva mdinareebis qveterasebze

arCeven karbonatul da ukarbonato aluviur niadagebs ufro meti

teritoria uWiravs karbonatuls aluviuri niadagebi gamoirCeva saSua-

lo da msubuqi meqanikuri SedgenilobiT sustad diferencirebuli pro-

filiT da humusis mcire SedgenilobiT (15-25) am niadagebSi azotis

Semcveloba 01-015-s xolo fosforisa 015-02-s udris

kolxeTis dablobis dasavleT nawilSi gavrcelebulia mdelos al-

uviuri daWaobebuli niadagebi daWaobebas iwvevs mZime meqanikuri Sedge-

niloba da Warbi tenianoba aluviuri niadagebi gamoyenebulia simindis

- 32 -

bostneulis Cais (ukarbonato) eTerzeTebis citrusovnebisa da sxva

kulturebisaTvis es niadagebi kargi fizikuri TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba

m sabaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT 1956 wels Sedgenili saqarTvelos

niadagebis rukisa da bolo wlebSi aWaris niadagebis Seswavlis

monacemebze (TavarTqilaZe 1983 RorjomelaZe 1997 leoniZe 1994 uruSaZe

1977 1997 Урушадзе 1987 Палавандишвили 1985) dayrdnobiT kintriSis daculi

teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze

niadagebis gavrcelebas axasiaTebs mkveTrad gamoxatuli vertikaluri

zonaloba

141 Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis (higrofiluri Termofiluli

Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis) zonis niadagebi

am zonisaTvis romelic vrceldeba zRvis donidan 500-600 metram-de

ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwa niadagebi aWaraSi

gavrcelebulia wiTelmiwebis ori saxesxvaoba esenia - wiTelmiwa sustad

ganviTarebuli - Red shallow (Haplic Ferralsoli- FAO-s mixedviT FAO soil

classification httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml) da

wiTelmiwa tipiuri da gaewerebuli ndash Red true and podzolic ( Haplic Hitosoli an

Rodic Acrisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) wiTelmiwebi reliqturi niadagebia da am

mxriv dasavleTi saqarTvelo da pirvel rigSi aWara evropaSi maTi

gavrcelebis erTaderT adgils warmoadgens es niadagebi formirdeba

wiTeli feris gamofitvis qerqze wiTelmiwebi xasiaTdeba rkinis didi

SemcvelobiT mJave reaqciiT ZiriTadSi Tixnari meqanikuri

SemadgenlobiT gamofitvis alituri tipiT

142 wablis tyeebis zonis niadagebi

aWaris daculi teritoriebis wablis tyis sartyelSi mniSvnelovani

farTobebi uWiravT yviTel-yomral niadagebsndashYellow-brown forest (Ocsic

Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) isini ikaveben subtropikuli zonis zeda

nawils da wiflnari tyeebis zonis qveda sartyels amgvarad yviTel-

yomrali niadagebi aWaraSi gavrcelebulia zRvispira gorak-borcvian

zonaSi - zRvis donidan 1000 m-mde aRsaniSnavia rom es niadagebi

formirdeba gamofitul Zvel qerqebze amiT aixsneba rom yovelTvis ar

- 33 -

emijneba wiTelmiwebs da am SemTxvevaSi maT cvlis yomralebi romlebic

formirdeba Cveulebriv deda qanebze yviTel-yomrali niadagebi

saqarTveloSi pirvelad gamoiyo prof T uruSaZem (1977) manve mogvca am

niadagebis SedarebiT sruli daxasiaTeba

yviTel-yomrals wiTel-miwebs yviTelmiwebs da yomral niadagebs

Soris gardamavali adgili ukavia da yomralebTan SedarebiT ufro mJave

reaqciiT rkinis da humusis ufro meti SemcvelobiT da gamofitvis

sialitur-alituri tipiT xasiaTdeba

143 wiflnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi

gavrcelebulia 1000-1100-dan - 1500-1600 metramde zRvis donidan es zona

warmodgenilia yomrali niadagebiT kerZod tipiuri yomralebiT ndashBrown

forest true (Umbric Cambisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT-

Brown forest shallow (Distric Combisoli- FAO-s mixedviT) yomrali niadagebi

aWaraSi ikaveben yvelaze did farTobs samwuxarod bevr adgilas es

niadagebi erodirebulia amis mizezia tyeebis gaCexva ferdobebis

araswori damuSaveba mosaxleobis didi simWidrove da sxva niadagisadmi

aseTi udieri damokidebulebis Sedegad gaaqtiurda stiqiuri movlenebi

(mewyerebi) ramac aiZula mosaxleoba bevr adgilas mietovebina Tavisi

sacxovrebeli adgilebi ase samwuxarod Semovida axali negatiuri cneba-

mosaxleobis rdquoniadaguri migraciardquo

144 naZvnar-soWnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi

gavrcelebulia 1400 - 1500-dan 2000-2100 metramde zRvis donidan es zona

warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli-Brown forest podzolic (Gleic Cambisoli- FAO -

s mixedviT) niada-gebiT tipiuri da mcire sisqis yomrali niadagebisagan

gansxva-vebiT gaewerebuli yomralebi xasiaTdebian diferencirebuli

profiliT da gaewerebuli horizontis arsebobiT es niadagebic sakmaod

erodirebulia

145 subalpuri da alpuri zonis niadagebi

gavrcelebulia 2100-2200-dan 2800-2900 metramde zRvis donidan es zona

warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani-Mountain-meadow sward (Distric Regosoli

- 34 -

FAO-s mixed-viT) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da

torfnare-biT - Mountain-meadow sward-peat (Folic Histosoli- FAO-s mixedviT)

kintriSis dacul teritoriebisaTvis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis

teritoriisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niadagebis ZiriTadi tipebi

vertikaluri zonalobis mixedviT warmodgenilia cxrili 141-Si

15 hidrografia

Mmtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani teritoriis warmodgenilia

mTagoriani reliefiT amitom aq naleqebis raodenoba did gavlenas

axdens parkSi arsebuli mdinareebis reJimze parkis teritoriaze

mravali saSualo da mcire zomis mdinarea ZiriTadi hidroarteriebia

qobuleT-Caqvis qedis zRvisken miqceuli ferdobis mdinareebi

Caqviswyali da yoroliswyali romlebic Sav zRvaSi Caedinebian qedis

samxreT ferdobze miedineba - md aWariswylis Senakadebi dologani

zundagiswyali da sxva Bbevri maTgani Tvalwarmtac xeobebSi eSveba da

Woromebsa da CanCqerebs qmnis mravladaa samkurnalo TvisebebiT

gamorCeuli mineraluri da mtknari wyaroebi

kintriSis daculi teritoriebis hidrografiuli qseli sakmaod

rTulia wyalSemkrebi auzis farTobi 284 kvkm-iaDda ZiriTadad mdinare

kintriSi warmoadgens romlis sigrZe 45 km-ia Mmdinare saTaves iRebs

xinos mTidan - 2400 m simaRleze zd-dan Dda sof zeraboslamde miedineba

dasavleTiT aqedan sof WaxaTamde miemarTeba CrdiloeTiT xolo Semdeg

kvlav dasavleTiT uxvevs da q qobuleTTan SeerTvis Sav zRvas

saTavedan zRvispira dablobamde kintriSi tipiuri mTis mdinarea

romelic xmauriT eSveba lodidan lodze da viwro kalapotSi aCens

mraval CanCqers

zemo dinebis zeda nawilSi kintriSs ori Tanabari SenakadiT

SeerTvis marjvenidan _ Cidilas Rele da marcxnidan _ weraqveTis Rele

Isini mdinares sof didvakesTan uerTdebian Sua welSi _ sof

zeraboselTan _ samxreTidan erTvis xeknara

qvemo welSi aseve samxreTidan qobronis wyali da kinkiSa amaT

garda kintriSs aqvs mravali mcire Senakadi (sakiriRele misanaTis

- 35 -

Rele keWieTis Rele laSe Rele Werula maRalxevi TirTxeli sakirea

abSila da sxv)

aRniSnuli mdinareebi da Releebi ikvebebian wyaroebiT da Tovlis

naJuri wylebiT romlebic alpur da subalpur sartylebSi blomadaa

CamoTvlili mdinareebi wvimianobisas an Tovlis dnobisas xasiaTdebian

uxvwylianobiT da didi siswrafiT aRniSnuli wylebi atmosferuli

warmoSobisaa Uuxv naleqianobis gamo Camonadenis sidide Zalian maRalia

60-90 lwm

garda zemo CamoTvlilisa nakrZalis teritoriaze zRvis donidan

2000-2200 m simaRleze metad momxiblav suraTs qmnis tba romelTanac

dakavSirebulia am adgilis saxeli ldquotbiyelardquo igi ikvebeba naleqebiT da

gruntis wylebiT

nakrZalis teritoriaze uamravi wyaroa mdinareebi qmnian

mravalsafexurian wyalvardnilebs rac did esTetikur siamovnebas

hgvris mnaxvels Dda boilos Savi zRva romlis rolic metad didia

xeobis bunebis Semqmneli komponentebis formirebaSi

16 tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria

mcenareuli safris erT-erT umTavres tips warmoadgens tye sadac

mcenareebi cxovelTa samyaro klimati reliefi niadagi da sxva garemo

faqtorebi erTianobasa da mudmiv ganviTarebaSia Cven SevecdebiT

biologiuri da paleontologiuri literaturuli wyaroebis gamoyenebiT

gavaanalizoT aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis

formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria saqarTvelosa kerZod samxreT

kolxeTis (aWaris magaliTze) tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da

qronologiuri ganviTarebis istoriis zogierTi aspeqti

sxvadasxva geologiur periodSi mcenareulobis qronologiuri

Camoyalibebis migraciis istoriuli memkvidreobiTi da Semdgomi

ganviTarebis sakiTxebi ganxilulia n margalitaZis (Маргалитадзе

19551982) gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили1956) m uznaZis (Узнадзе 1946) a

mWedliSvilis (Мчедлишвили 1949) i Tumajanovis (Тумаджанов 1973) d

manjaviZis (Манджавидзе 1982) da sxvaTa SromebSi

- 36 -


gavrcelebuli niadagis ZiriTadi tipebi



niadagsafaris daxasiaTeba FAO-s ganmartebebis mixedviT (uruSaZe da sxvebi 2000 falavandiSvili 2003 FAO soil classification

httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassificationhtml)

qveda sazRvari

zeda sazRvari

1 2 3 4

higrofiluri Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis sartyeli

50 - 150 550-600 ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia wiTelmiwebis ori

saxesxvaoba wiTelmiwa sustad ganviTarebuli

(Haplic Ferralsols) da wiTelmiwa tipiuri da

gaewerebuli (Haplic Histosols an Rodic Acrisols)


550 - 600 1150-1200 warmodgenilia tipiuri yomralebiT (Umbric

Cambisols) da mcire sisqis yomralebiT (Distric

Cambisols)


550 - 600 1500 ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia yviTel-yomrali

niadagebi (Ocsic Cambisols)

naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartyeli 2000 - 2100 2350 warmodgenilia yomrali gaewrebuli niadagebiT

(Gleic Cambisols)


2300 - 2350 2596 warmodgenilia mTa-mdelos kordiani (District

Regosols) da mTa-mdelos kordian- torfiani niadagebiT da torfnarebiT (Folists Histosols)

- 37 -

aRniSnuli mkvlevarebis cnobebiT Tanamedrove mcenareulobis

CamoyalibebaSi mniSvnelovani iyo neogenuri sistemis pliocenis epoqa am

droisaTvis kavkasioni da amierkavkasia ukve mTliani xmeleTi iyo da

naxevarkunZulis forma hqonda pliocenur danaleqebSi gamoiyofa

meoturi pontouri qimeriuli da sxva danaleqebi

zeda pliocenis meotur xanaSi zRvis siRrmem iklo da kavkasionis

samxreTiT gaCnda xmeleTis didi teritoria sadac intensiurad

gavrcelda foTlovani tyeebi wablis wiflis nekerCxlis da sxvaTa

gabatonebiT sarmatis xanasTan SedarebiT borealuri flora ufro

farTod gavrcelda

pontos (pontour) xanaSi mTavari kavkasioni da amierkavkasia

SeerTebuli iyo magram guria mTlianad da aWara nawilobriv jer kidev

wyliT iyo dafaruli xmeleTze am droisaTvis ganviTarebuli iyo

foTolmcveni xe-mcenreebis tyeebi muxis rcxilis Zelqvis Telis

wablis wiflis verxvis da sxvaTa monawileobiT

qimeriis xanaSi amierkavkasiaSi zRvis teritoria imdenad Semcirda

rom kaspiis zRva warmodgenili iyo mcire tbiT xmeleTi Zalze Zlier

gafarTovda wina geologiur periodebTan gansxvavebiT Seicvala hava

(acivda) CrdiloeTidan gaZlierda borealuri floris saxeobebis

SemoWra samxreTidan intensiurad gaizarda qserofituli mcireaziuri

da winaaziuri floris warmomadgenelTa ricxvi

qveda da Sua pliocenSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebuli

iyo siTbos moyvaruli maradmwvane mcenareuloba palma dafna fikusi

magnoliebi kamelia qafuris xe sofora liqvidambari da sxva wiwvovani

mcenareebidan _ soWi naZvi kedari seqvoia kriptomeria fiWvi cuga

kuningamia da sxva foTolmcvenebidan _ wifeli wabli muxa rcxila

Zelqva uxravi aryi Txili muryani cacxvi verxvi Wadari tirifi

nekerCxali da sxva

meoTxeuli sistemis pleistocenis periodSi moxda ramdenime

gamyinvareba romelic Seexo rogorc mTavar ise mcire kavkasionis

qedebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze gamyinvareba atarebda adgilobriv

xasiaTs kavkasionis myinvarebi uSualod eSvebodnen vake-baramde

myinvarma ar moaxdina didi gavlena kolxeTis qarTlisa da kaxeTis

- 38 -

vakeebze da amitom aq warmoiqmna ufro teniani da civi hava ramac

ganapiroba borealuri da arqtikuli mcenareebis am regionebis floraSi

SemoWra gamyinvarebis periodSi amierkavkasiaSi gamorCeuli iyo

adgilobrivi floris gadarCenis ori kera _ kolxeTi da TaliSi

romelTac gamyinvarebis gavlena ar ganucdiaT maSin rodesac mTavari

kavkasionis samxreT kalTebze mesameuli periodis mezofiluri merqniani

saxeobebis umravlesoba ganadgurda saqarTvelos barSi da mTis

kalTebze gadarCa reliqturi tyeebi dasavleT saqarTvelos barSi _

zRvispira qviSnarebisa da Waobebis mcenareuloba dafnarebi murynarebi

dablobis muxnarebi da rcxilnarebi mTis kalTebze _ wablnarebi

wiflnarebi naZvnarebi soWnarebi fiWvnarebi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

barSi _ naxevarudabnos da velebis mcenareuloba Walis tyeebi

(verxvnarebi tirifnarebi Telnarebi lafnarebi muxnarebi (Walis muxa)

naTeli tyeebi (sakmlisxianebi akakianebi Rvianebi da sxva) mTis

kalTebze _ muxnarebi wablnarebi wiflnarebi baris da mTis aRniSnuli

mcenareuloba Camoyalibda im gadarCenil floris kerebSi romlebic

dRemde SemorCa mTavari da mcire kavkasionis qedebs Soris moqceul

sivrceze amrigad mesameuli periodis mcenareulobam romelic

pleistocenSi SenarCunda gamoiara gamyinvarebis Semdgomi qseroTermuli

epoqa mSralma da Tbilma qseroTermulma ramdenime periodma ganviTara

qserofituli mcenareuloba es mcenareuloba axlacaa SemorCenili

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos naxevarudabnos velisa da naTeli tyeebis

teritoriebze

ukanaskneli gamyinvarebis momdevno periodSi (pliocenSi) farTo

ganviTarebiT xasiaTdeba foTolmcveni merqniani saxeobebis tyeebi maT

Soris wablnarebi romlebic dasavleTidan aRmosavleT saqarTvelomde

farTod iyo gavrcelebuli da TiTqmis uwyvet zols warmoadgenda

wablis tyeebi ukve qmnidnen vertikalur sartyels zRvis donidan 400-500

dan 1000-1100 m-is farglebSi wablnarebi gavrcelebuli iyo lixis qedis

aRmosavleT ferdobebidan Sua qarTlis gavliT kaxeTis kavkasionis

midamoebamde (fSav-xevsureTisa da TuSeTis garda)

zeda pliocenSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi dominirebda tyis

mcenareuloba xolo aWaraSi sadac jer kidev miocenSi xmeleTi

- 39 -

zRvisagan gaTavisuflda pliocenuri subtropikuli flora iyo

SemorCenili gamyinvareba SavSeTis da aWara-imereTis qedebis umaRles

nawilebs rom Seexo aman gamoiwvia saerTo aciveba romelic Savi zRvis

Tbili havis gavlenis Sedegad iseTi intensiuri ar iyo rogorc imave

ganedze mdebare evraziis sxva qveynebSi yovel SemTxvevaSi aWaris

mcenareul safarSi mainc moxda cvlilebebi radgan tropikuli floris

bevri warmomadgeneli ganadgurda (amowyda) aseve gaqra soWis da naZvis

uZvelesi saxeobebi SemorCenili saxeobebi uZvelesi winaprebisgan

morfologiuri da bioekologiuri niSan-TvisebebiT gansxvavdeba am

periodSi tyis mcenareulobis gavrcelebaSi gamoikveTa vertikaluri

sartylianoba zRvispireTis dablobebsa da gorak-borcvebze ganviTarda

farTofoTlovani tyeebi - muxis wablis cacxvis rcxilis wiflis

fiWvis monawileobiT mTis zemo sartyelSi ki soWnarebi naZvnarebi

soWnar-naZvnarebi da fiWvnarebi

meoTxeuli sistemis holoceni gamyinvarebis Semdgomi periodia

myinvarebis ukan daxevis da havis TandaTanobiTi gaTbobis Sedegad

saqarTveloSi farTod gavrcelda fiWvisa da aryis tyeebi isini adreul

holocenSi ikaveben myinvarebisagan gamoTavisuflebul adgilebs

mogvianebiT fiWvis tyeebi farTod gavrcelda dasavleT saqarTvelos

kerZod aWaris mTebSi da Seaviwrova foTlovani tyeebi

Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur periodSi (havis

daTboba yinvarebis dadnoba) moxda Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli

formireba - rogorc dasavleT (maT Soris aWaraSi) ise aRmosavaleT

saqarTveloSi kolxeTis dablobze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi _

murynarebi mTebis wina kalTebze - muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo

sartyelSi ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani

tyeebi (wifeli wabli rcxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi

gabatonda soWnarebi naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi

subalpuri sartyeli daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma

Sua holocenis subborealur (aciveba da tenianobis mateba)

periodSi dasavleT saqrTvelosa da maT Soris aWaris mTebSic Zlier

gavrcelda wiflis naZvis da soWis tyeebi xolo aRmosavleT

- 40 -

saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebi gamovidnen agresoris rolSi da Zlier

Seaviwroes muqwiwvovani da qvemo sartylis muxnari tyeebi

saerTod wiflis arealis swrafi gafarToeba aRiniSneba Sua

holocenis subborealuri periodidan da grZeldeba gvian holocenSic

kolxeTis dablobze vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli

farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi wiflis wablis Zelqvis

rcxilis cacxvisa da sxvaTa monawileobiT

miocenis dasawyisSi roca farTobi zRvisgan gamoTavisuflda

aWaris mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mimdinareobda iseve rogorc

yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare

geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba isaa rom aWaraSi

igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira da SidamTian

Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebasa da

reliqtur mcenareTa SenarCunebaze

- 41 -

Tavi II - aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondi mosaxleoba da

tradiciuli meurneoba


tradiciuli meurneoba)

kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali daarsda 1959 wels kolxuri

reliqturi tyeebis florisa da faunis dacvis mizniT dacvis ZiriTadi

obieqtebia wablnarebi da wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT florisa da

faunis reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT 2007 wels nakrZalis bazaze

seiqmna daculi landSafti

kintriSis daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia

13350 ha maT Soris nakrZals uWiravs 10703 ha xolo dacul landSafts

3190 ha) rac daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia

aqedan tyiT dafaruli farTobia 12840 ha 36 anu 496 ha tyiT

daufaravia aqedan 22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukaviaT da 14

anu 198 ha velobebs ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20

anu 280 ha ukavia saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02

saZovrebs 247 ha anu 18

kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dacvis mTavar obieqtebs

warmoadgenen maradmwvane qvetyiani wablis da wiflis tyis ekosistemebi

marTvis mTavari miznia kolxeTis reliqturi flora da fauna

kintriSis daculi teritoriebis mTiani relief Rrma xeobebiTaa

daserili nakrZalis wylis mTavari arteria ndash mdinare kintriSi saTaves

xinos mTidan iRebs da kurort qobuleTis siaxloves Sav zRvaSi

Caedineba misi saerTo sigrZe 45 kilometria nakrZalis danarCeni

mdinareebi da Releebia xeknara peranga mamedaRi didRele misanaTis

Rele romlebic mTavari mdinaris- kintriSis Senakadeba warmoadgens

maRla mTebSi 2200 metris simaRleze ganlagebulia ori patara tba ndash

tbiyeli da siZerZali romelTa farTobi 15 heqtars ar aRemateba aqedan

pirveli tba uSualod nakrZalis teritoriazea ganlagebuli meore ki ndash

mis sazRvrebs gareT

- 42 -

kintriSis daculi landSafti moicavs mdinareebis kintriSis da

xeknaras kalapotebis marjvena da marcxena sanapiroebis 500 metrian

zols (mTels sigrZeze md xeknarasaTvis da zemo weli md

kintriSisaTvis anu uSualod kintriSis daculi teritoriis sazRvrebis

farglebSi)

kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze dabali hifsometruli

niSnulia 350 m zRvis donidan (sadac ganlagebulia daculi

teritoriebis mTavari Sesasvleli da vizitorTa centri) yvelaze

maRali ki mTa sarbiela ndash 2471 m zRvis donidan

tyis fondis inventarizaciis bolo monacemebiT (kintriSis

saxelmwifo nakrZalis tyis meurneobis organizaciis da ganviTarebis

proeqti tomi I wigni I axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi 1994) kintriSis

daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis saerTo farTobia 13350 ha rac

daculi teritoriis mTliani farTobis (13893 ha) 961-ia aqedan tyiT


22 anu 298 ha meCxer koromebs ukiaviaT da 14 anu 198 ha velobebs

ara satyeo farTobebidan saerTo farTobis 20 anu 280 ha ukavia

saxmar farTobebs maT Soris saTibebs 29 ha anu 02 saZovrebs 247 ha

anu 18

kintriSis dacul teritoriebze yvelaze meti farTobi ukaviaT

wifliT (Fagus orientalis) gabatonebul koromebs (7129 ჰა555) Semdeg modis

wablnari (Castanea sativa) koromebi (2862 ჰა223) Semdeg modian

murynarebi (Alnus barbata A incana) (456 ჰა36) rcxilnarebi (573 ჰა44)

wyavis (716 ჰა56) da Sqeris (Rhododendron ponticum Rh Ungernii) (767 ჰა60)

koromebi (cxrili 211)

kintriSis dacul teritoriebze tyis sartyelisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi mcenareuli asociaciebia Alnetum sambucosum

Castanetum rhododendrosum Fagetum mixtofruticosum Fagetum laurocerasosum) Fagetum

rhododendroso-laurocerasosum Fagetum arctostaphylosum Fage-tum azaleosum Fagetum

rubosum Fagetum filicicosum Fagetum nudum Fagetum trachystemosum

subalpuri da alpuri sartylebisaTvis ZiriTadad

damaxasiaTebelia subalpuri Fageta-s da Betuleta-s formaciebi tye-

- 43 -

buCqnarebis maRalbalaxeulobis subalpuri da alpuri mdeloebis

agreTve kldis da naSal RorRianebis floristuli kompleqsebi

mesameuli periodis kolxuri da kavkasiuri elementebis mniSvnelovani

monawileobiT

tyiT dafaruli farTobebis yvelaze meti wili (2834 ha204)

modis zRvis donidan 1001-1250 m-mde simaRleebze Semdeg modis zRvis

donidan 1501-750 m-mde simaRleebze ganlagebuli koromebi (2640 ha190)

zRvis donidan 2000 metrs zeviT ganlagebuli farTobebi ukaviaT alpur

saZovrebs da subalpur meCxerebs

tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 22279 aTas kbm-s romelTagan ZiriTadi wili modis wiflis (Fagus orientalis) (15985 aTasi kbm) wablis (Castanea sativa) ( 4015 aTasi kbm) rcxilis (Carpinus caucasica)

(563 aTasi kbm) მურყანის (Alnus barbata A incana) (496 aTasi kbm) da ნაძვის

(Picea orientalis) (404 ათასი kbm) koromebze

xnovanebiTi jgufebis mixedviT tyiT dafaruli farTobebis

ganawileba nairgvaria aq warmodgenilia yvela xnovanebiTi jgufi rac

tyeebis biomravalferovnebis erT-erTi mniSnelovani elementia yvelaze

meti farTobi ukaviaT mwife da gadaberebul koromebs (9355 ha728) maT

Soris gadaberebuli Seadgens 4473 ha-s anu 348-s Semdeg modis

Suaxnovani koromebi (1292 ha1051) Aaxalgazrda koromebs ukaviaT

mxolod 75 ha farTobi anu 06 (cxrili 212)

tyeebis zrda-ganviTarebis bunebriv-fizikuri pirobebi maTi

produqtiuloba da sixSire Semdegi tendenciebiT xasiaTdeba კინტრიშის

დაცული ტერიტორიების ტყით დაფარული ფართობებიდან ყველაზე მეტი ფართობი

ბონიტეტის III da IV კლასის კორომებზე მოდის რომელთაც ტყით დაფარული

ფართობების 668 ანუ 8582 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის V ბონიტეტის კლასის

ფართობები რომლებსაც 277 ანუ 3549 ჰა უკავიათ შემდეგ მოდის I და II ბონიტეტის

კლასის კორომები 1718 ჰა (133) (cxrili 213)

kintriSis daculi daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobis

udidesi nawili ukaviaT dabali sixSiris (05 da lt) koromebs (14921 ha

anu 383) saSualo sixSiris (06) koromebs ukaviaT 4370 ha (340) xolo

maRali sixSiris koromebs (07 da gt) ukaviaT 3549 ha anu 277 tyiT

dafaruli farTobisa

- 44 -

cxrili 211 aWaris daculi teritoriebis farTobebis da maragebis

ganawileba gabatonebuli saxeobebis mixedviT

gabatonebuli saxeoba

kintriSis daculi teritoriebi

Mmtiralas erovnuli parki

sul

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

muryani

rcxila (T+a)

wabli (T+a)

muxa (T+a)

wifeli

naZvi

Sqeri da wyavi

sxva merqnianebi

sul

4560

36

5730

45

28620

223

-

71290

555

1390

11

14830

115

1980

15

128400

100

496

22

808

36

4015

181

-

15985

717

404

18

465

21

106

05

22279

100

20440

130

7898

503

5448

35

-

102880

6553

-

-

17000

1082

3324

212

156990

100

2348

1145

10103

492

3202

156

-

164253

8010

-

-

3422

167

588

03

205048

100

25000

876

13628

477

34068

1194

-

174170

6102

1390

11

31830

1115

5304

126

285390

100

2844

665

18183

425

43352

1013

324103

7575

404

18

8072

104

1648

038

427838

100

- 45 -

cxrili 212 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyiT dafaruli farTobebis

ganawileba xnovanebaTa jgufebis mixedviT


ganawileba bonitetis klasebisa da sixSireebis mixedviT

daculi teritoria

tyiT dafaruli farTobebis ganawileba

boniteti sixSire

I-II III-IV V 07 da gt 06 05 dalt


mtiralas erovnuli parki

17180

133

88542

564

85820

668

50237

320

25400

199

18211

116

35490

277

22293

142

43700

340

55731

355

49210

383

78966

503

daculi

teritoriebi

xnovanebiTi jgufi

axalgazrda Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da

uxnesi

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

75

06

17583

112

1292

104

122452

780

2118

160

9262

59

9355

730

7692

49

- 46 -

tyis koromebs Semdegi saSualo sataqsacio maCveneblebi gaaCniaT

saSualo xnovaneba ndash 116 weli

saSualo boniteti ndash III 6

saSualo sixSire ndash 059

koromebis saSualo maragi 1 ha-ze 1740 kbm

saSualo Semateba 179 aTasi kbm (cxrili 214)

kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZalis daarsebamde (1959 weli) md

kintriSis xeoba erTerTi mWidrod dasaxlebuli obieqti iyo

tradiciuli kulturiT da soflis meurnebiT (memcenareoba

mecxoveleoba da mefutkreoba)

xeobis mosaxleoba ZiriTadad Tavmoyrilia subtropikul zonaSi

Sua saukuneebis cixe-simagre `elias cixe~ TaRiani xidebi mdinare

kintriSze da eklesia sofel xinoSi migviTiTeben xalxmraval warsulze

(gordelaZe 1970 ldquobunebis matianerdquo 200820092010)

axlo warsulSi md kintriSis xeobis mosaxleoba sakmaod

xalxmravali iyo da hqonda Taviseburi tradiciebi (m beqaia 1960)

varjanauli kobalauri cxemvana zeraboseli da xeknara sadac axla

TiToorola komli cxovrobs sakmaod didi soflebi iyo ukanaskneli 50

wlis manZilze mosaxleobis udidesi nawili barad Camosaxlda da es

pirvel rigSi ugzoobam ganapiroba qobuleTis maSindelma

xelmZRvanelobam mTaSi gzisa da eleqtrogadamcemi xazebis gayvanas

soflebis dacla amjobina amis Sedegad Semcirda adamianis zemoqmedebac

xeobis mTiani nawilis mcenareul safarze romlis umetesi nawili

amJamad nakrZals warmoadgens

dRes aq mosaxleoba gvxvdeba mxolod daculi landSaftis

teritoriaze da warmodgenilia 7 ყოფილი saTemo dasaxlebiT (xino

werakveTi qaTamuri didvake mesxiqedi zeraboseli da cxemvana) zamTar-

zafxul mcxovrebi 3 ojaxiT (8-10 suli) 20 ojaxi da 40 suli mosaxle

droebiT (mxolod zafxulobiT aprilidan noembris CaTvliT)

- 47 -

cxrili 214 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondis ZiriTadi sataqsacio maCveneblebi

administraciuli

erTeuli

saSualo maragi Semateba

mwife da

uxnesi

koromebis

farTobebi

(ha)

xno

vaneb

a

boni

tet

i

sixSir

e

saerTo mwife da uxnesi saSualo

aTasi m3

tyiT

dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

aTasi m3

tyiT

dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

aTasi m3

tyiT dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

141 II-6 062 20542 1360 13434 205 204 13 93880

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

116

III-6

059

22279

1740

17747

1900

179

14

93550

48

sargeblobs saxmarad vargis farTobebs (ZiriTadad saZovrebis da

saTibebis saxiT nawilobriv mebostneobisTvis da xexilovnebisaTvis)

kintriSis daculi landSaftis droebiT mosargeble mosaxleobas

Seadgens ZiriTadad md kintriSis qvemo welis soflebis (sof qobuleTi

sof xucubani sof WaxaTi da sxva) mudmivi mkvidrebi romelTa

winaprebic aq cxovrobdnen nakrZalis daarsebamde wlebis ganmavlobaSi

aq Camoyalibebulma daculi teritoriis mkacrma reJimma romelsac

iTvaliswinebs ldquonakrZalisrdquo kategoria maqsimalurad uzrunvelyo

anTropogenuli zemoqmedebebis sezRudva ekosistemaze faqtiurad aq

raime mniSvnelovan uaryofiT zemoqmedebas bunebriv ekosistemebze

adgili ar aqvs mudmiv da sezonurad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis

damokidebuleba aisaxeba mxolod daculi ladSaftis teritoriaze

pirityvis ZovebiT SezRuduli raodenobis TevzaobiT veluri xilis da

kenkris SegrovebiT da aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis mopovebiT

(ZiriTadad saSeSe merqani Wigoebi da damxmare nagebobebis

aSenebisaTvis) rac Seexeba uSualod nakrZalis tyis ekosistemebze

zemoqmedebas am mxriv erTaderTi zemoqmedebaa mefutkreoba

kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciasTan reinjerebTan

da uSualod daculi landSaftis mosaxleobasTan gamokiTxviT dadginda

rom kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi memcenareobas

misdevs 20 ojaxi romelTa mier saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi

raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti

simindi 8 tona

lobio 1 tona

kartofili 6 tona

bostneuli 1 tona

xili 5 tona

kintriSis daculi teritoriebis dacul landSaftSi

mecxoveleobas misdevs 3 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba

Seadgens saSualod 12 suls maTi Zoveba Semoifargleba mxolod daculi

landSaftis teritoriebiT (ZiriTadad mdinarispira monakveTebiT) da igi

mniSvnelovan zegavlenas arsebul ekosistemebze ar axdens

49

mosaxleobis mier memcenareobiT da mecxoveleobiT nawarmoebi

produqcia mTlianad Sida moxmarebisTvisaa gankuTvnili

tyis ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis (kakali wabli mocvi

mayvali soko da sxva) Segrovebas aseve mdinareSi Tevzis mopovebas aqvs

mxolod da mxolod Sida moxmarebis daniSnuleba da faqtiurad aranair

uaryofiTi zemoqmedebas ekosisitemebze ar axdens

gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs aq nawarmoebi Tafli

bolo 5 wlis saSualo monacemebiT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis

dacul landSaftSi mefutkreobas misdevs 20 mefutkre futkris

ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens 300 yovelwliurad iwarmoeba 2-dan 3

tonamde Tafli Taflis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavali aqauri

mudmivi da droebiTi macxovreblebis yvelaze stabiluri Semosavlis

wyaroa

xelosnobiT an samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT Tevzis

moSenebiT aq faqtiurad aravinaa dakavebuli

karierebi da inertuli masalebis mopovebis adgilebi da xanZrebis

faqtebi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba

mTis ferdobebze ganlagebis dasaxlebul punqtebTan da

zRvasTan siaxlovis gamo tyeebs aseve uaRresad didi mniSvnelovani

roli akisriaT sanitarul-higienuri esTetikuri istoriuli samecniero

da sxva sociologiuri TvalsazrisiT sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi

aWaris dacul teritoriebSi mTavari sargeblobiT Wrebi samasale da

saSeSe merqniT sargebloba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris

kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis oficialuri

monacemebiT daculi landSaftis mudmivi da droebiTi

mcxovreblebisaTvis aucilebeli saWiroebis merqnis (ZiriTadad saSeSe

merqanis) legalizebuli gacemis moculobebi meryeobs 30-dan 60 kubm-

mde farglebSi magaliTad

2009 welSi gaica 530 kubm saSeSe merqani




50

bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi kintriSis dacul teritoriebze

ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba nadiroba Tevzaoba an sxva darRveva ar

dafiqsirebula

kintriSis daculi teritoriebi saxelmwifos dacvis qveS myofi

obieqtia uSualod ldquonakrZalisrdquo monakveTze maqsimalurad SezRudulia

adamianis daSveba nakrZalSi vizitorTa sesvla nebadarTulia mxolod

samecniero da saganmanatleblo mizniT administraciasTan SeTanxmebul

marSrutebze turistebisaTvis Tavisufali gadaadgileba nebadarTulia

mxolod daculi landSaftis teritoriaze

kintriSis dacul teritoriebze turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis

mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 2 sastumro nomriT 2 da 4 adgiliani

kintriSis dacul teritoriebis daculi landSaftis zonaSi 2012

wlidan amoqmedda 1 saojaxo sastumro

vizitorTa statistika kintriSis dacul teritoriebze aseTia

2007 weli 0

2008 weli 458

2009 weli 1577

2010 weli 3464

2011 weli 3212

2012 weli 4800

bunebrivi katastrofebis (wyaldidobebi mewyerebi da sxva) faqtebi

kintriSis dacul teritoriebze ar aRiniSneba

22 mtiralas erovnuli parki (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da tradiciuli

meurneoba

saqarTveloSi daculi teritoriebis sistemis ganviTarebis axali

etapis konteqstSi mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnas win uswrebda jer

kidev 1997-98 ww-Si mtiralas erovnuli parkis sadamfuZneblo gegmis

SemuSaveba bunebis dacvis msoflio fondisa (WWF) da germaniis

teqnikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis federaluri saministros

(BMZ) xelSewyobiT sxvadasxva obieqturi da subieqturi faqtoris gamo

am periodSi ver moxerxda aRniSnuli gegmis ganxorcieleba unda

51

aRiniSnos rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTeli rigi ZiriTadi

parametrebi (mdebareoba farTobi) swored 1997-98 ww-is sadamfuZneblo

gegmis mixedviT aris SemuSavebuli aRsaniSnavia rom mtiralas erovnuli

parkis teritoria moicavs yofili ciskaras saxelmwifo nakrZalis

teritorias es monakveTi iseve rogorc mTlianad mtiralas erovnuli

parki Tavisi mdebareobis (aWara-imereTis dasavleT kolxuri reliqturi

tyiT dafarul nawili ndash notio klimatis yvelaze metad gamoxatuli

zemoqmedebis are) kompaqturobis biomravalferovnebis endemuri da

reliqturi saxeobebis simravlis damaxasiaTebeli landSaftebisa da am

teritoriaze arsebuli tyeebis dacviTi funqciebis gamo dRemde

warmoadgens saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da samecniero wreebis

yuradRebis sagans faqtiurad aRniSnul teritoriaze yvelaze

xeluxlebel mdgomareobaSi aris SenarCunebuli kolxuri tyeebis

ekosistemebi mTel Savi zRvispireTis regionSi ndash rac gamorCeul

ekologiur ekonomikur da socialur faseulobas aniWebs mas

mtiralas erovnuli parkis dafuZnebis Tavdapirveli gegmis ideis

ganaxlebisa da Sesabamisad mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebis

formaluri procesis dawyeba 2004 wlis meore naxevridan qveyanasa da

gansakuTrebiT ki aWaraSi momxdari politikuri da social-ekonomikuri

cvlilebebis Semdgom gaxda SesaZlebeli aRniSnuli procesi romelic

aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi da

aRmasrulebeli organoebis iniciativas warmoadgenda sabolood

dasrulda 2006 wels ndash mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis Taobaze

sakanonmdeblo aqtis miRebiT imave sakanonmdeblo aqtiTve ganisazRvra

mtiralas erovnuli parkis Seqmnis mizani ndashaWaris unikaluri

biologiuri da landSafturi mravalferovnebis SenarCuneba kolxuri

tyeebis ekosistemebis grZelvadiani dacva ekologiuri usafrTxoebisa da

bunebriv garemoSi ekoturistuli da rekreaciuli saqmianobis

ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa




52


ha (298)

mtiralas erovnuli parkis tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonis saerTo

farTobi 4703 ha mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferuli zonis

tyis fondis miwebi 7842 ha da sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebisa da

dasaxlebaTa miwebi 2360 ha (sul 14905 ha) es is teritoriebia sadac

uSualod uwevs mosaxleobas tyis ekosistemebiT da agroekosistemebiT

sargebloba (tyis merqniTi da aramerqniTi produqtebis mopoveba da

soflis meurneoba memcenareoba da mecxoveleoba)

mtiralas erovnuli parkis mimdebare soflebia qobuleTis

municipalitetSi ndash gorgaZeebi xala Caisubani zeda da qveda dagva

xelvaCauris municipalitetSi ndash ganTiadi Caisubani axalSeni xeyru

qedis municipalitetSi ndash zundaga pirveli maisi zesofeli am soflebis

mosaxleoba warmodgenilia 4468 ojaxiT da 16620 mcxovrebiT

dRemde am mosaxleobisaTvis erTaderT saTbob wyaros warmoadgens

merqani Aseve uxsovari droidan sacxovrebeli saxlis mSeneblobisaTvis

mTlianad an nawilobriv gamoiyeneba iseTi Zvirfasi merqniani saxeobebi

rogorebicaa aRmosavluri wifeli (Fagus orientalis) da Cveulebrivi wabli

(Castanea sativa)

xnovanebis jgufebis mixedviT tyeebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia

Suaxnovani momwifari mwife da mwifeze uxnesi koromebiT (888 ) isini

umTavresad xeluxlebeli tyeebia bonitetis klasebis mixedviT yvelaze

didi xvedriTi wili (564) bonitetis I da II klasze modis tyis

sixSiris mixedviT yvelaze didi xvedriTi wili (355) modis 06

sixSiris koromebze

tyis koromebis saerTo maragi Seadgens 20542 aTas kbm-s maT Soris

ZiriTadi xvedriTi wili modis wifelze - 18144 kbm

tyis koromebis 75 ganlagebulia zRvis donidan 500ndash1500 m

simaRleze xolo 93 ki 210-ze meti daqanebis ferdobebze



saSualo boniteti ndash II-6


53


saSualo Semateba 204 aTasi kbm

mtiralas monakveTis tyis masivebi (yofili sakolmeurneo tyeebis

garda) mdebareoben dasaxlebuli punqtebidan moSorebiT da maTze

anTropogenuli zegavlena umniSvneloa (an amgvari gavlena saerTod ar

SeiniSneba) dasaxlebuli punqtebidan siSoris gamo tyis am masivebSi

saqonlis Zovebas adgili ara aqvs

specialuri gamokvlevis (teritoriis adgilze daTvaliereba

eqspertuli Sefaseba da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis gamokiTxva) Sedegad

dadgenil iqna xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da is teritoriebi

sadac sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva intensivobiT ganxorcielda xe-tyis

damzadebis samuSaoebi

aRniSnuli gamokvlevis Sedegad tyeebis funqcionaluri

mdgomareobis xarisxis mixedviT gamovlenili iqna sami kategoria

xeluxlebeli naklebad saxecvlili da Wragavlili tyeebiteritoriebi

xeluxlebeli (sadac Wrebi ar ganxorcielebula) da naklebad

saxecvlili (sadac Wrebi ganxorcielebulia mcire intensivobiT)

tyeebisteritoriebis saerTo farTobi Seadgens mtiralas monakveTis

tyiT dafaruli farTobebis daaxloebiT 77-s tyis fondis danarCen

nawilSi sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva intensivobiT (arc Tu iSviaTad

Wris wesebis darRveviT) ganxorcielebulia xe-tyis damzadebis

samuSaoebi

xe-tyis damzadebas gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebamde ZiriTadad

hqonda samrewvelo xasiaTi xolo 90-ani wlebidan daSvebuli iqna

mxolod SeSis damzadeba tyis fondis miwebis mdebare soflebis

mcxovrebTa piradiindividualuri moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad

xe-tyis damzadeba ZiriTadad warmoebda specialurad gayvanili

tyesazidi samanqane da satraqtoro gzebis mimdebared (100-150 m zolSi

gzis TiToeul mxares) xSirad adgili hqonda Wris wesebisa da

teqnologiebis darRvevis faqtebs xe-tyis Caxergilobas maRali

intesivobis Wrebi iqna ganxorcielebuli gavakebul teritoriebze

zogierT SemTxvevaSi calkeul farTobebze (1 ha-mde) adgili hqonda

54

tyeebis TiTqmis pirwmindad moWras iSviaTobas arc ukanonounebarTvo

Wrebi warmoadgenda

zemoT aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT mdgomareoba ukanaskneli wlebis

manZilze radikalurad gaumjobesda savaraudoa rom momavalSi

mosaxleobis sasicocxlo pirobebis gaumjobesebisa da Sesabamisad

SeSaze moTxovnilebis klebis kvaldakval mdgomareoba kidev ufro

gaumjobesdeba

unda aRiniSnos rom xelsayreli klimaturi pirobebis wyalobiT

ZiriTadi merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxleba metwilad

damakmayofilebelia Tumca aris SemTxvevebi rodesac Wragavlili

teritoriebi dafarulia mayvliT gvimriT maRalbalaxeulobiT

buCqnarebiT Wragavlil teritoriebze niadagis eroziul procesebs

intensiuri xasiaTi ara aqvs amasTan erTad mouvlelobis gamo adgili

aqvs gzebis daxramvas zogierT adgilebSi ferdobebis CamoSlas

Wragavlili teritoriebi (romlebic faqtobrivad gzebis

mimdebared aris ganlagebuli) da tyesazidi gzebi momavalSi mudmivi

monitoringis dacvis da aRdgenis obieqts unda warmoadgendes arsebul

gzebze saWiroa ganxorcieldes samuSaoebi romelTa Sedegad Tavidan

iqneba acilebuli ferdobebis CamoSlisa da daxramvis movlenebi amgvari

gzebi momavalSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes turistuli mizniT

Mmetad mniSvnelvani faqtia is rom erovnuli parkis teritoriaze

problemas warmoadgens saqonlis mier tyeebis dazianebis sakiTxi O aq

saqoneli imyofeba metad SezRudul teritoriaze uSualod parkis

tradiciuli gamoyenebis zonaSi magaliTad sof CaqvisTavis

teritoriaze 50-mde suli Txa da 20-mde suli msxvilfexa saqonelia

daaxloebiT igive raodenobaa sof yorolisTavis mimdebare

teritoriaze maTi gavlena tyeebis mdgomareobaze umniSvneloa

umniSvneloa aseve pirutyvis Zovebis zegavlena parkis buferuli zonis

tyis farTobebze

2006-2010 wlebSi samasale xe-tyis damzadebis raodenoba sruliad

sruliad SeizRuda (ar iqna daSvebuli parkis administraciis da

buferuli zonis satyeo samsaxurebis mier) rac Seexeba saSeSe merqans

misi reluri saWiroeba uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli

55

zonis soflebSi Seadgens yovelwliurad 15100 kubur metramde merqans da

vinaidan sxva alternatiuli sawvavi mosaxleobas ar gaaCnia unda

vigulisxmoT rom saSeSe merqanis es raodenoba yovelwliurad

realurad mzaddeba mosaxleobis mier mtiralas erovnuli parkis

buferuli zonis soflebSi

mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciis oficialuri

monacemebiT uSualod mtiralas erovnuli parkis administraciul

sazRvrebSi licenzirebuli saSeSe merqnis mopovebis moculobam

Seadgina

2007 weli ar iqna daSvebuli

2008 weli daiSva 323202 kubm (aTvisebulia 105039 kubm)







sazRvrebSi dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba

2007 weli merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 983 kubm






mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis satyeo farTobebze

satyeo samsaxurebis mier licenzirebuli xe-tyis mopoveba

2007 weli merqanis licenzirebuli mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba

169500 kubm


298300 kubm


139900 kubm

56


173000 kubm


187900 kubm

2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis licenzirebuli

mopoveba xe-tyis moculoba 178930 kubm


satyeo samsaxurebis mier dafiqsirebulia ukanono xe-tyis mopoveba






2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) merqanis ukanono mopoveba xe-

tyis moculoba 582 kubm

mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi da aseve masTan

uSualo siaxloves (mis mimdebare teritoriaze) mdebare soflebis

mcxovrebTa Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaro soflis meurneobidan miRebuli

Semosavlebia kerZod xelvaCaurisa da qobuleTis municipalitetis

soflebSi ZiriTadad awarmoeben bostneuls citruss xexils

tradiciulad ganviTarebulia memarcvleoba mexileoba da

mekartofileoba xolo qedis municipalitetis soflebSi (SedarebiT

nakleb tenian pirobebSi) ndash mevenaxeoba da meTambaqoeoba

adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan da Temebis xelmZRvanelebTan

gamokiTxviT dadginda rom mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi

memcenareobas misdevs 3019 ojaxi sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis

miwebze mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006) dRemde saSualod

weliwadSi iwarmoeba Semdegi raodenobis sasoflo-sameurneo produqti

simindi 5712 tona

lobio 576 tona

kartofili 3408 tona

bostneuli 3049 tona

xili 1249 tona

57

yurZeni 2097 tona

citrusi 6700 tona

Tambaqo 11 tona

sasoflo meurneobebi ZiriTadad saojaxo masStabebisaa (ojaxuri

meurneobebi anda Sinameurneobebi) da maT mier warmoebuli produqciis

didi nawili ZiriTadad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvis aris

gankuTvnili produqciis mxolod mcire nawilis realizacia xdeba

bazarze adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli azriT SesaZlebelia

warmoebuli produqciis odenobis gazrda Tumca es ekonomikurad

momgebiani ar iqneba ndash imdenad ramdenadac arsebobs transportirebis

gasaRebis bazrisa da dabali saSemsyidvelo fasebis problema

unda aRiniSnos rom sxvadasxva sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis

xvedriTi wili moxmarebisa da realizaciis struqturaSi mkveTrad

gansxvavebulia magaliTad mtiralas erovnuli parkis da misi mimdebare

teritoriaze warmoebuli simindis lobiosa da kartofilis mosavali

mTlianad sakuTari (Sida) moxmarebisaTvisaa gamoyenebuli maSin rodesac

citrusovanebis Tambaqos xilis da bostneulis mosavlis garkveuli

nawilis realizeba xdeba

mtiralas erovnuli parkis damxmarebuferul zonaSi

memcexoveleobas misdevs 2400 ojaxi msxvilfexa pirutyvis raodenoba

Seadgens saSualod 4200 suls saSualod weliwadSi iwarmoeba xorci 242

tona rZe 1172800 litri

2012 wlis monacemebiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis

damxmarebuferul zonaSi mefutkreobas misdevs 116 mefutkre futkris


tonamde Tafli

mtiralas erovnuli parkis buferul zonaSi uSualod tyis

ekosistemebSi aramerqnuli produqtis SegrovebiT dakavebulia 964

ojaxi Seegrovebuli produqciis moculoba yovelwliurad saSualod

Seadgens

wabli 416 tona

kakali 141 8 tona

mocvi 154 tona

58

mayvali 25 tona

soko 15 tona

dekoratiuli mcenareebis SegrovebiT da realizaciiT dakavebulia

TeTryvavilas (Galanthus) Taigulebi 12 ojaxi

yoCivardas (Cyclamen) Taigulebi 20 ojaxi

Zmerxlis (Ruscus) foTlebi 33 ojaxi

yvavilebis moyvana saTburSi 3 ojaxi

TiTqmis yvela ojaxs gaaCnia tradicia veluri floris

dekoratiuli mcenareebis gamoyenebisa sakarmidamo ezoebis

dekoraciebisa da gamwvanebisaTvis

samkurnalo mcenareebis SegrovebiT da farmacevtul firmebze

miwodebiT dakavebulia 10 ojaxi

xelosnobiT (xelsaqmiT) dasaqmebuli ojaxebis raodenoba Seadgens

85-s maT Soris liTonis damuSaveba 4 xis damuSaveba 66 rTva-qsova 15

mtiralas erovnuli parki da misi buferuli zona mdidaria

sasmeli wylis resursebiT saTave wyaroebis raodenoba Seadgens 603-s

saTave wyaroebis avzebis saeRto moculoba Seadgens 1157 tonas sasmeli

wyliT romelic saTaves iRebs mtiralas erovnul parkSi sargeblobs

mimdebare (buferuli zonis) soflebis 4468 ojaxi 16620 adamianiT

irigaciis mizniT wylis gamoyenebas adgili ar aqvs

mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTavari arteriiT -md Caqviswyalis

sasmeli wyliT maragdeba q baTumi (150000-mde mosaxleobiT da qalaqis

infrastruqturiT) wyalsacavis gamtaroba Seadgens 850000 kbm-s dRe-

RameSi

mtiralas erovnul parkSi da mis buferuli zonaSi kustaruli

warmoebis 22 minihidroeleqtrosadguria romelTa energiis saerTo

simZlavrea 1075 kilovati da romliTac sargeblobs 66 ojaxi

mtiralas erovnuli parksa da buferul zonaSi funqcionirebs 30

Tevzis meurneoba romelic awarmoebs sasualod 142 tona Tevzs

(ZiriTadad amerikuli kalmaxi) am dargiT dasaqmebulia 42 ojaxi

bunebaSi Tevzaobas misdevs 56 meTevze romlebic moipoveben

daaxloebiT 400 kg mdinaris Tevzs weliwadSi

59

mtiralas erovnuli parkis daarsebidan (2006weli) dRemde

uSualod parkis da mis buferul zonaSi axali gzebis mSenebloba ar

ganxorcielebula rekonstuqcia-ganaxleba Cautarda daba Caqvidan sof

CaqvisTavis (sadac ganTavsebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis vizitorTa

centri) 12 km-ian saavtomobilo gzas da sof yorolisTavidan mTa

patara mtiralamde (sadac igegmeba turistuli sadgomi) 12 km-ian

saavtomobilo gzas


faqtebi mtiralas erovnuli parkis da mis mimdebare buferul zonaSi ar

aRiniSneba

mtiralas erovnul parkSi turistebisaTvis momsaxurebisaTvis

mowyobilia vizitorTa centri 4 sastumro nomriT TiToeuli 2

adgiliani turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani saSualod parks

yovelwliurad 10 000 vizitori stumrobs parks stumrobs erTdRian

vizitiT ZiriTadad skolis moswavleebi eqskursiebis saxiT saSualod

35-40 vizitori sxva vizitorebi saSualod 60 kaci ordRiani vizitorebis

rivxvi saSualod Seadgens 10-15 kaci vizitorebi rCebian parkSi arsebul

vizitorTa centris sastumroSi da aseve saojaxo sastumroebSi 2 an 3

dRiT

turizmis seqtorSi dasaqmebulia mtiralas erovnuli parkis

administraciidan 2 gidi (instruqtori) da parkis administraciaSi

vizitorTa momsaxurebis 1 specialisti

- turistTa TavSesafari 8 adgiliani jer ar aris cnobili

- cxeniT momsaxureba 6 adamiani

- saojaxo sastumro 6 adamiani

vizitorTa statistika mtiralas erovnul parkSi aseTia

2007 weli 69

2008 weli 628

2009 weli 2533

2010 weli 15350

2011 weli 19400

2012 weli (01 ianvari-15 oqtomberi) 19137

60

aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis geologiis da samTo saqmis

departamentis mewyersawinaaRmdego samsaxuris monacemebiT mtiralas

erovnuli parkis buferuli zonis soflebSi

2005 wlis saangariSo periodisaTvis

qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan dangreulia da sacxovreblad

uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 10 ojaxi imyofeba saSisi geologiuri

procesebis aqtiur zonaSi profilaqtikuri da gasamagrebeli

samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 121 sacxovrebel Senobaze 19 ojaxi imyofeba

geologiuri procesebis ganviTarebis zonaSi romlebic ayvanilia

mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad

xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan dangreuli da sacxovreblad

uvargisia 3 sacxovrebeli Senoba 17 ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri




mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebi obieqtad

qedis municipalitetis mxridan uvargisia 9 sacxovrebeli Senoba 22

ojaxi imyofeba saSiSi geologiuri procesebis aqtiur zonaSi Profila-

qtikuri da gasamagrebeli samuSaoebia Casatarebeli 60 Senobaze da saka-

rmidamo nakveTze 57 ojaxi imyofeba geologiuri procesebis ganviTa-

rebis zonaSi da ayvanilia arian mudmivi reJimuli dakvirvebis obieqtad


qobuleTis municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli

mewyereli procesebis Sedegad dazianda 154 sacxovrebeli saxli

aqedan

- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri did-

Tovloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad

safrTxes warmoadgens ndash 112 sacxovrebeli saxli daiRupa 6 adamiani

- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebsac esaWiroeba saremonto profila-

qtikuri samuSaoebi da mimdebare teritoriaze uaxloes momavalSi

aucilebelia ferdasamgri samuSaoebi ndash 42 sacxovrebeli saxli

- xelvaCauris municipalitetis mxridan 2008 wels ganviTarebuli


61

aqedan

- sacxovrebeli saxlebi romlebic stiqiur-geologiuri (mewyeri didTo-

vloba qarborbala) procesebis Sedegad dazianda da sacxovreblad





qedis municipalitetis mxridan 2010 wels ganviTarebuli mewyereli

procesebis Sedegad dazianda 165 sacxovrebeli saxli (zvare-15

maxunceTi-48 pirveli maisi-48 woniarisi-54)

rac Seexeba stiqiur-geologiuri movlenebiT tyis ekosistemebis

dazianebas am mxriv mniSvnelovani an sayuradRebo faqti ar

dafiqsirebula

aWaris daculi teritoriebis ganviTarebis prioritetuli mimarT-

ulebebia tyeebis niadagdacviTi da wyalmaregulirebeli funqciebis

gaZliereba samerqne da arasamerqne produqciis gegmazomieri da

racionaluri gamoyeneba ise rom garemos ziani ar miadges ar moiSalos

tyeebis sasargeblo socialuri funqciebi gansakuTrebiT sanitarul-

higienuri esTetikuri da turistuli TvalsazrisiT yovelive amas sxva

garemoebebTan erTad xels uwyobs qveynis xelsayreli geografiuli

mdebareoba da mesameuli periodis kolxuri florisTvis

damaxasiaTebeli maRali da mravalfunqciuri Rirebulebebis mqone

mravalferovani saxeobebis regionSi Tavmoyra

62

Tavi III ndash aWaris daculi teritoriebis biologiuri mravalferovneba

31 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareuloba (tyis fitocenozebi da

ZiriTadi formaciebi)

biologiuri mravalferovnebis~ cnebaSi ekosistemebis

mravalferovnebas da mis erT-erT saxes tipologiur (fitocenologiur)

mravalferovnebas romelic cocxal organizmebs ajgufebs

struqturuli funqciuri geografiuli ekologiuri da sxva

niSanTvisebebis mixedviT erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs

(Whittaker 1972)

tyis mcenareulobis tipologiur analizs gansakuTrebuli

mniSvneloba eniWeba mdgradi metyeveobis principebis dacvis da

biologiuri mravalferovnebis calkeuli parametrebis mdgradobis

SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT (Махатадзе 1962 Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 1966

baxsoliani 2002 jafariZe 2003)

Tanamedrove msoflioSi tyis ekosistemebis Sesaxeb jer kidev

arasruli informaciebisa da amavdroulad misi cvalebadobis dinamikis

Zlieri tempis fonze tyis tipebis Seswavla fitocenoturi da

saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis doneze gansakuTrebul aqtualobas iZens

garkveuli sivrciTi-teritoriuli monakveTis biologiuri

mravalferovnebis monitoringisaTvis maRali konservaciuli

Rirebulebebis tyis ekosistemebis SenarCuneba-aRdgenis strategiis

SemuSavebisaTvis da mdgradi tyeTsargeblobis mecnierulad

dasabuTebuli RonisZiebebis dagegmarebisaTvis (McAfee BJ Malouin C

Fletcher N 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li 2006 Berca Mihai

Stoica Maricica 2006 Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco 2007 Сусликов Фархуллин

2006 Булдакова 2006 Алексеев Трейфельд Синкевич 2007 Москалюк 2007 Исаев

2008 Фундукчиев 2008 Гребенюк Рунова 2009)

dadgenilia rom tropikuli mTis tyeebis saxeobrivi

mravalferovnebis SenarCunebisaTvis landSaftis doneze gadamwyveti

mniSvneloba eniWeba Sigafragmentirebuli monakveTebis saxeobrivi

mravalferovnebis mdgradobis SenarCunebas (Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J

63

Benayas JoseMaria Rey Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali2006 Duran

Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo 2006 Широков 2005)

konkretuli fiticenozis geobotanikuri maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlas

da dendroindikacias didi mniSvneloba eniWeba tyis ekosistemebis

istoriis rekonstruqciisaTvis da bunebrivi landSaftebis aRdgenis

dinamikis prognozirebisaTvis (Grandtner Miroslaw M 2006 Wang Bo-Sun Peng

Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua 2007 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann

Niklaus E Guisan Antoine 2006 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan 2007 Бобровский

2007 Быков 2007 Бондаренко 2008 Брижатая А Селедец 2008 Мигунова 2008)

sawyisi fitocenozis biomravalferovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

sakvanZo elementebis gaTvaliswineba miCneulia rogorc tropikuli da

subtropikuli tyis kulturebis gaSenebis da mdgradi plantaciuri

metyeveobis safuZveli da koncefciuri winamZRvari (Marjokorpi Antti Salo

Jukka 2007)


floristuli kompleqsebis saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiTa da istoriiT

floris sistematikuri struqturiT uZvelesi xmelTaSuazRvispireTis

samyaros xmelTaSuazRvispireTis olqis kolxeTis anu aRmosavleT

evqsinis provinciis aWaraSavSeTis ares (okrugs) ganekuTvneba da mis

floristul mravalferovnebas safuZvlad edeba mesameuli periodis

xmelTaSuazRvispireTis floris birTvisagan ganviTarebuli avtoqtonuri

warmoSobis flora maTTvis damaxasiaTebelia florisa da

mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi miuxedavad imisa rom mesameuli

periodis Semdgomi acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba amowyda da dRes es

farTobebi warmodgenilia rogorc uZvelesi ise ufro axalgazrda

axal pirobebSi warmoqmnili formebiT Tavisi mravalferovnebiT da

mcenareTa Taviseburi dagjgufebebiT igi gamoirCeva zomieri sartylis

pirobebisaTvis wifeli wabli rcxila agreTve pontos Sqerisa da

wyavis xismagvari formebi baZgTan mocvTan da sxva mraval reliqtur

merqnianebTan da balaxovnebTan erTad did farTobebze qmnian

gabatonebul dajgufebebs

kolxeTis botanikur provincia romelic n kuznecovma 1909 wels

xmelTaSuazRveTis olqSi gamohyo pontos tyeebis saxiT amisTvis

64

damaxasiaTebeli uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebis floristuli

Semadgenloba ZiriTadad mesameuli periodis reliqtebiTaa

warmodgenili da gavrcelebis farTo arealiT Tavisebur elfers

aZleven mcenareul safars am mxriv gansakuTrebulia kolxeTis samxreTi

nawili ew baTumis anu Savi zRvis aWaris sanapiro profesori an

krasnovi (Краснов 1913) mas samxreT kolxeTs uwodebs da aRniSnavs rom

igi TiTqos `sxva biologiuri olqis erTgvar kunZuls~ warmoadgens

zRvispira aWaraSi gavrcelebulia kolxeTis floris ZiriTadi birTvis

Semadgeneli merqniani da balaxovani mcenareebis yvela uZvelesi tipi

kerZod merqnianTagan _ pontos Sqeri smirnovis Sqeri ungernis Sqeri

wyavi medvedevis aryi pontos muxa meliqauri Tagvisara Zmerxli

balaxovnebidan _ Primula megasaefolia Boiss Sumphytum thericum Stev Ranunculus

ampelophyllus S et L da sxv agreTve araspecialur-kolxuri reliqtebi _

lafani himenofilumi samefo gvimra da aS

zRvispira aWaris CrdiloeT nawilSi sadac daculi teritoriebi

mdebareobs samxreT nawilis msgavsad warmodgenilia florisa da

mcenareulobis yvela uZvelesi elementi kolxeTis tyeebis es monakveTi

romelsac a kolakovski (1958) baTumis raions uwodebs uZvelesi

elementebis simravliTac gamoirCeva da sicocxlis niriTac

maRali sinotivis gamo tyeebSi xSiria xeebze epifiturad mzardi

xavsebi gvimrebi balaxovnebi da buCqebic ki Tbili da notio hava

mcenareebs saSualebas daikavon ama Tu im mizeziT gamoTavisuflebuli

niadagis yovel mtkaveli mewyrebisa da sxva fizikuri movlenebis

Sedegad gaSiSvlebuli farTobebi pirvelive savegetacio periodSi

balaxovnebisa da mayvlis samoseliT ifareba mas ki maTze Tavs iCens

xeebisa da buCqebis TviTnaTesi mcenareuli safris aseTi swrafi da

mZalvri ganviTarebiT zRvispira aWara msoflios namdvil subtropikul

olqebs uaxlovdeba

mesameuli periodis bolos (pliocenSi) aWara-guriaSi axlandel

subalpur sartylamde mravali tropikuli elementis Semcveli mdidari

subtropikuli tye vrceldeboda goderZis uReltexilis axlo-maxlo

aRmoCenilia gvimrebis palmis magnolias dafnis xurmis da sxva

mcenareTa mravali namarxi saxeoba es saxeobebi aq axla aRar gvxvdeba

65

tyeebSi Warbobda maradmwvane xeebi magram mesameuli periodis Semdgomi

acivebis Sedegad mravali saxeoba gadaSenda maradmwvane merqnianebma

tyis qveda iarusSi gadainacvla xolo zeda iarusSi SemorCa

foTolmcveni formebi ZiriTadad wifeli da wabli gadaSenebuli

saxeobebis adgili daikava ufro axalgazrda axal pirobebs Seguebulma

formebma wifeli wabli pontos Sqeri wyavi maRali mocvi da sxva

mraval reliqtur balaxovanTan erTad did farTobze qmnian

gabatonebul dajgufebebs amaSia zRvispira aWaris da masTan erTad

daculi teritoriebis mcenareulobis erT-erTi ZiriTadi Tavisebureba

mravalferovani mTagorakiani reliefi ganapirobebs mcenareulobis

vertikalur sartylianobas amasTan aWaris daculi teritoriebi

erTaderTia romelic zRvis napiridan alpur simaRleebamde vrceldeba

da srulad aris warmodgenili am regionis simaRliTi Taviseburebebi

satyeo praqtikaSi - tyeebis tipologias didi mniSvneloba aqvs misi

ZiriTadi mizania moaxdinos biologiurad erTgvarovani tyis ubnebis

dajgufeba - msgavsi klimaturi orografiuli da edafiuri faqtorebis

mqone adgilsamyofelis pirobebSi (ekotopSi) dajgufebis farglebSi

iniSneba konkretuli satyeo - sameurneo RonisZiebebi

dasavleT saqarTvelos tyis ZiriTadi formaciebi geobotanikurad

sakmaod farTodaa Seswavlili afxazeTis da misi mimedbare regionebis

pirobebSi (Поварницин 1936 Колаковский 1961) mogvepoveba agreTve

mniSnelovani analitikuri monacemebi kolxuri tipis Sereuli

farTofoTlovani tyeebis ZiriTadi botanikuri da metyevur-taqsaciuri

maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb (Гулисашвили 1964 Долуханов 19531966 xidaSeli

papuniZe 1976 Манджавидзе 1982 memiaZe 1967 1970 1971 1973 jorbenaZe 1969

gigauri 2000 Doluchanov uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili 2000 qvaCakiZe 2001

2002 Манвелидзе 1990 gigauri 2000 Papunidze Manvelidze 2000 baxsoliani

2002 gvariSvili 2002 svaniZe 2003 manveliZe varSaniZe SainiZe 1998

manveliZe memiaZe gorgilaZe 2004 SainiZe daviTaZe SainiZe 2010

daviTaZe 2012 da sxvebi)

fitocenologiuri kvlevebis Tanamedrove qarTuli skola tyis

mcenareulobis Seswavlisas fitocenozTa biomravalferovnebis doneze

ZiriTadad eyrdnoba morfologiur-ekologiur mimarTulebas romlis

66

ZiriTadi arsi morfologiuri msgavsebis niSniT sintaqsonomiur

erTeulebSi fitocenozebis dajgufeba anu sistematizaciaa am

mimarTulebis ZiriTad sintaqsonomiur erTeuls asociacia warmoadgens

romelic aerTianebs garkveuli garegnuli saxis floristuli

Semadgenlobis aRnagobis erTgvarovani garemo pirobebis tyis mcenareTa

konkretul dajgufebebs (fitocenozebs) (Сукачев Дилис 1964 Зонн Урушадзе

1974)

Cven SevecadeT dagvedgina kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da

mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyeebis fitocenozuri mravalferovneba tyis

asociaciis doneze da aq gavrcelebuli asociaciebis mokle diagnos-

tikuri maCveneblebi tyis formaciebis mixedviT Cveni kvlevis Sedegebis

mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli

parkis velur floraSi gamoiyofa tyis mcenareulobis 5 formacia 25

asociaciebis jgufi tyis fitocenozis 35 ZiriTadi tipi (asociacia)

kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis

mcenareulobis ZiriTadi tipebi formaciebi da maTi vertikaluri

ganawileba ase gamoisaxeba

tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd

Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde

wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde

wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde

Sqeriani (azonaluria)

subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde

subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde

subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde

subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde

subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde

kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas

erovnul parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris

tyis mcenareuloba tyis mcenareuloba aWaris mcenareulobis

ZiriTadi tipia reliefis mravalferovneba klimaturi pirobebi

niadagebi anTropogenuri da sxva faqtorTa kompleqsebi ganapirobeben

mcenareulobis mozaikurobas romelSic kargad Cans vertikaluri

67

sartylianoba da eqspoziciuroba zRvis sanapirodan simaRlis zrdasTan

erTad tyis formaciebic Sesabamisad icvleba da warmodgenilia

Semdegi sartylebiT

kolxuri (Sereuli foTlovani) tye - anu kolxuri tipis Sereuli

foTlovani tyeebis (`Sereuli foTlovani tyeebi~ Альбов 1896) `wiflnar-

wablnari kolxuri tyeebi~ Голицын 1935 `sxvadasxva tyis formaciebisa

da tipebis kompleqsi~ Малеев 1936 Колаковский 1964 `Sereuli foTlovani

tye~ Тумаджанов 1957 `kolxur-leSamboiani~ da `maradmwvane qvetyiani

tyeebi~ n kecxoveli 1960 `higrofiluri Termofituli Sereuli

foTlovani tye~ Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von NachucriŠvili G 2003) sartyeli

(zd-dan 400-500 m-mde) tyis mcenareulobis pirveli safexuria misi

bunebrivi vertikaluri sazRvrebi zRvispira zolSi z donidan 15-25 m-

dan 500 m-mde vrceldeba amJamad 200-250 m-mde z d kolxuri tye

ZiriTadad gaCexilia da mxolod fragmentebis saxiTaa aqa-iq

SemorCenili aRniSnuli teritoria Warbadaa dasaxlebuli da Zlier

anTropogenur gavlenas ganicdis SedarebiT ukeTaa Semonaxuli

kolxuri tye z d-dan 250 m-s zemoT subtropikuli tipis Tbili da

notio hava ganapirobebs tyis mcenareulobis simdidres da

mravalferovnebas swored aq gvxvdeba aWaraSi gavrcelebuli reliqturi

merqnianebis didi umetesoba qvetye mdidaria maradmwvane buCqebiT

lianebiT balaxovan safarSic bevria mesameuli reliqtebi

Sereuli kolxuri tye warmodgenilia foTolmcveni da maradmwvane

saxeobebiT romlebic or iarusad arian ganlagebuli pirveli 14-20 m

simaRlis ufro meCxeri iarusi Sedgeba ZiriTadad aRmosavluri wiflis

(Fagus orientalis) kavkasiuri cacxvis (Tilia caucasica) wablis (Castanea sativa)

muryanisa (Alnus barbata) da kavkasiuri rcxilisagan (Carpinus caucasica)

romlebic qmnian Sereuli cenozebis sxvadasxva variants rcxilnar-

wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnars wablnar-wiflnars rcxilnar-wablnar-

wiflnars erTeulebad gvxvdebian Pterocarya pterocarpa Ulmus glabra Taxus

baccata Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Cerasus avium Morus alba Malus orientalis

romlebic kidev ufro amdidreben kolxur tyes amis gamo kolxur tyes

Tvlian polidominantur dajgufebad sadac dominireben sxvadasxva

foTlovan xeTa saxeobebi

68

meore iarusi warmodgenilia 4-12 m simaRlis xeebiTa da buCqebiT

kolxuri elementebidan aq gvxvdebian Corylus avellana Frangula alnus Viburnum

opulus Sambucus nigra Diospyros lotus da am iarusis yvelaze maRali Alnus

barbata Carpinus caucasica

mesame iarusi 2-3 m simaRlis qvetye yvelaze xSiri da maradmwvane

iarusi warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis

Ilex colchica Buxus colchica da iSviaTad Phillyrea medwedewii romlebic

xSirad warmodgenili arian xemagvari formebis saxiT meore iarusis

SemadgenlobaSi foTolmcveni saxeobebidan am iarusSi gavrcelebuli

saxeobebia Rhododendron luteum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Frangula alnus ufro

iSviaTad Euonymus leiophlea Mespilus germanica am iarusis qvemoT gvxvdebian

Daphne pontica Ruscus colchicus Ruscus ponticus

maradmwvane buCqebi ZiriTadad gvxvdebian CrdiloeTis ferdobebis

tyeebSi foTolmcvenTaTvis ki ufro tipiuria samxreTis ferdobebi bza

gvxvdeba mdinareebisa da maTi Senakadebis gaswvriv

Sereuli kolxuri tyisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia lianebi kolxuri

suro (Hedera colchica) ekalRiWi (Smilax exelsa) katabarda (Clematis vitalba)

romlebic Tavisebur iersaxes aniWeben tyes amaTgan suro Crdilis

moyvarulia da ZiriTadad tenian pirvelad tyeebSi gvxvdeba ekalRiWi ki

SedarebiT sinaTlis moyvarulia ar erideba simSrales da Sesabamisad

gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad tyispirebsa da meorad tyeebSi xSiria

agreTve Clematis vitalba Humulus lupulus Periploca graeca Lonicera caprifolium xeebze

xSiria epifitebi gvimrebis Polypodium serratum da Polypodium vulgare-s saxiT

yalTaRebSi da meorad meCxer tyeebSi Zlieraa gavrcelebuli mayvlis

saxeobi gansakuTrebiT Rubus hirtus da R caucasicus

balaxovnebiT kolxuri tye rogorc jer kidev n albovma (Алъбов

1896) s golicinma (Голицын 1935) a grosgeimma (Гроссгейм 1930 1948) da

sxvebma aRniSnes metad Raribia xSiri qvetye xels uSlis balaxovani

safaris ganviTarebas Tumca tenis moyvare da Crdilis amtani saxeobebi

mainc gvxvdebian romelTagan zogierTi xSirad xeebze epifitur

cxovrebas eweva esenia gvimrebidan Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant

Asplenium trichomanes Pteris cretica Pteridium tauricum balaxovnebidan ki Luzula

69

forsteri Cardamine impatiens Geranium robertianum Oxalis acetosella da sxva

balaxovnebTan erTad SeiZleba vnaxoT xavsmodebul xeebze mozardi

buCqebi da xeebic ki aseTebia kavkasiuri rcxila pontos Sqeri maRali

mocvi mayvlis saxeobebi da sxv

kolxuri tyis sxvadasxva dajgufebebis balaxovani safarisaTvis

Cveulebrivia Semdegi saxeobebi Dryopteris borreri Polystichum loba-tum Pworonowii

Festuca montana Polygonatum multiflorum Paris incompleta Aristolochia pontica Actea

spicata Ranunculus ampelophyllus Dentaria quinquifolia Pachyphragma macrophylla Sanicula

europaea Primula sibtorpii Omphalodes cappadocica Symphytum ibericum Trachystemon

orientale Petasites albus Cicerbita pontica

zRvispira gorak-borcviani zonis mdinareTa gaswvriv viwro Tbil da

tenian xeobebSi aRiniSneba kolxuri tyisaTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso

uZvelesi reliqtebi Hymenophyllum thunbridgense Primula megasaefolia tyispirebze

xaliCebs qmnis Galanthus woronowii tyispirebsa da ganaTebul adgilebSi

gvxvdebian aseve Matteuccia struthiopteris Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina

Cardamine hirsuta C lasica Impatiens noli-tangere Vinca pubescens Lamium album

Clinopodium vulgare Scrophylaria nodosa Digitalis schichkinii-ivanina Petasites albus da

sxva mravali meoradi balaxovani cenozebisaTvis Cveulebrivia Chelidonium

majus Geum urbanum Agrimonia eupatoria da sxv SedarebiT mSral da ganaTebul

ferdobebze xSirad gvxvdeba Iris lasica Helleborus caucasica

aRniSnuli saxeobebi ZiriTad fons qmnian kolxuri tyis balaxovani

safaris mTlian SemadgenlobaSi calkeul SemTxvevebSi ki SeiZleba

ufro mdidari an piriqiT Raribi suraTi gvqondes merqnianTa da

balaxovanTa brZolaSi merqnianebi imarjveben es tyis mcenareulobis am

safexuris damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebaa magram unda aRiniSnos isic

rom pirveladi cenozebis darRvevisas rac ZiriTadad anTropogenuri

faqtoris zemoqmedebis Sedegia xSirad farTobis mniSvnelovan adgils

iWeren nairbalaxovani cenozebi

Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo

fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)

1 formacia rcxilnarebi-Carpineta (Carpinus caucasica)

70

11 rcxilnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Carpineta sempervirentifruticosa)

1) rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic

Ggvxvdeba 500 m-mde zRvis donidan

iarusi A 9 rcx 1wb+wf (boniteti=III IV H saS=25 m Dt=56 sm

A=190w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus caucasica damaxasiaTebelia

Castanea sativa Fagus orientalis +Tilia begonifolia Acer platanoides + Laurocerasus

officinalis Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)

iarusi B dominanti Rhododerdron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia

Laurocerasus officinalis + Vaccinium arctostaphylos Viburnum opulus (Euonymus latifolia

Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba-70-80

iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Iris lazica - Sp Phyllitis

scolopendrium Cicerbita petiolata Circea lutetina Dryopteris filix-mas ndashSol

2) wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-

Carpinetum rhododendrosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba 300 m-mde zRvis donidan

iarusi A 6rcx2wb2wf+mry (boniteti=III H saS=24 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)

dominanti edifikatori Carpinus beulus kodominanti Fagus orientalis + Ulmus

glabra Diospyros lotus Alnus barbata Acer platanoides

iarusi Bdominanti Rhododendron ponticum+ Rubus caucasicus Lauroceraus

officinalis Staphyllea pinnata Sambucus nigra damaxasiaTebelia Corylus avellana

Rhododendron luteum proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-75

iarusi C Pteris cretica Cicerbita petiolata Omphaloides cappadocica Cyclamen

adzcharicum Prunella vulgaris Phyllitis scolopendrum Iris lazica ndash Sp Blechnum spicant

Dryopteris filix-mas ndash Sol

3) rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum) romelic Ggvxvdeba

300 m-mde zRvis donidan

iarusi A 8rcx1jgrc1xur (boniteti=III H saS=27 m Dt=70 sm A=190-

200w) dominanti edifikatori Carpinus betulus damaxasiaTebelia Castsanea

sativa Fagus orientalis+Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra Acer laetum Alnus glutinosa Buxus

colchica Rhododendron ponticum (xismagvari formebi)

iarusi B Buxus colchica +Rhododerdron ponticum Hypericum ardrosaemum

Staphyllea pinnata Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 65-80

71

iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Dryopteris filix-mas Sanicula eurupae-Sp Paris

incomplenta Circea lutetina Phyllitis scolopendrium Blechnum spicant - Sol

wablnarebi kolxuri tyis Semdegi safexuria romelic gvxvdeba

rogorc Sereuli aseve wminda cenozebis saxiT wablis tyis sartyeli

gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad z d 400-500 m-dan 1000-1100 (1200) m-mde

erTeuli egzemplarebi gvxvdebian z d 1700-1800 m simaRlezec aWaraSi

wablis tyis sartyeli or sxvadasxva klimatur zonaSia gavrcelebuli

da Sesabamisad or qvesartyla-daa warmodgenili zRvispira aWaris

wablis tyis qvesartyeli da SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis

tyis qvesartyeli

wablis tyis sartyelSi wablis garda gvxvdebian agreTve Fagus

orientalis Carpinus caucasicus Alnus barbata Tilia caucasica Picea orientalis Ulmus scabra

Quercus dschorochensis Ostrya carpinifolia Pinus sosnovskyi (es sami ukanaskneli

SigamTiani aWaris wablisa da Woroxis muxis tyis qvesartyelisaTvisaa

damaxasiaTebeli)

qvetye ZiriTadad warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum

Rhododendron ungernii Rhododendron luteum Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium

arctostaphyllos Ilex colchica Euonimus latifolia Buxus colchicus

lianebidan vxvdebiT Hedera colchica Smilax exelsa Clematis vitalba Humulus

lupulus Periploca graeca

balaxovani safariT wablnarebi Raribia Tumca unda aRiniSnos rom

tyis es safexuri mxolod tyeebiT ar amoiwureba am vertikalur

sartyelSi vxvdebiT agreTve meorad buCqebsa da balaxovnebis sxvadasxva

cenozebs romlebic mravalferovani saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT

xasiaTdebian meoradi cenozebi viTardeba tyispirebze viwro xevebSi

mdinareTa gaswvriv da gaaxoebul ferdobebze xSiri gavrcelebiT

xasiaTdeba Pteridium tauricum romelic qmnis xSir da maRalbalaxovan

iaruss tyis fanjrebSi CrdiloeTis ferdobebze gvxvdebian Matteuccia

strutiopteris Phyllitis scolopendrium Polystichum lobatum isini qmnian xSir

Saldamebs romlebSic sxva balaxovnebi iSviaTad monawileoben

balaxovnebidan wablnaris tyis sartyelSi garda zemoT aRniSnuli

saxeobebisa gavrcelebulia Phleum nodosum Sedum oppositifolium Saxifraga

72

cymbalaria Aruncus vulgaris Geranium robertianum Impatiens noli-tangere Hypericum

buplerioides Epilobium lanceolatum Heracleum sosnovskyi Symphytum asperum

Galeobdolon luteum Salvia glutinosa Calamintha grandiflora Stachys trapezuntea Cicerbita

pontica Petasites albus Mycelis myralis Hydrocotyle ramiflora ruebTan da daWaobebul

adgilebSi gavrcele-bulia Mentha longifolia Veronica baccabunga xolo

tyispirebze da tenian mdeloebze Cveulebrivia maRali balaxovnebi

Pyrethrum macrophyllum Campanula lactiflora Telekia speciosa da sxv

wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi


2 formacia wablnarebi ndashCastaneta (Castanea sativa)

21wablnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Castaneta sempervirentifruticosa)

1) wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) romelic

gavrcelebulia 100-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 311)

iarusi A 10wb+rcx (boniteti =II H saS=20 m Dt=36 sm A=70w)

edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Carpinus caucasica

Alnus barbata + Acer platanoides

sur 311hellipwablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum

73

iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum

damaxasiaTebelia (Laurocerasus officinali) Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica

Ruscus hypopyllus Hedera colchica +Rubus caucasica Coryllus avellava Euonymus latifolia

qvetyis proeqciuli dafaruloba 80-90

iarusi C Tammus communis Potentilla micrartha Circea lutetina Pteridium tauricum

Chenopodium vulvaria Ch Album Stellaria media Veronica officinalis Athyrium filix femina

Digitalis ferruginea - Sp

2) wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-

Castanetum rhododendrosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m zRvis

donidan farglebSi

iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf (boniteti =II H saS=28 m Dt=70 sm A=130w)

dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas betulus

damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis+Alnus barbata Tilia begonifolia Ulmus glabra

iarusi B dominanti edifikatori Rhododendron ponticum+Laurocerasus

officinalis Ilex colchica Euonymus latifolia Staphyllea pinnata proeqciuli

dafaruloba 30-35

iarusi C Athyrium filix femina Blechnum spicant Solidago virgaurea Stachys

silvatica Salvia glutinosa ndashSp

3) wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum) romelic

gavrcelebulia 50-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 312

iarusi A 9wb1rcx+wf (boniteti =II H saS=23 m Dt=48 sm A=80w)

dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinas caucasica

damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis Alnus barbata+Ulmus glabra

iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+ Rhododendron ponticum

Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ilex colchica Viburnum opulus V orientalis proeqciuli

dafaruloba 50-70

iarusi C ar aris ganviTarebuli

4) rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum

laurocerasosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 500-1000 m zRvis donidan

farglebSi

74

sur 312hellipwablnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum

iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=60 sm A=110w)

dominanti Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus orientalis Acer

laetum+Taxus baccata

iarusi B doninanti Laurocerasus officinalis damaxasiaTebelia

Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Sambucus nigra Hedera colchica Rubus caucasicus R

hirtus Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70-80

iarusi C damaxasiaTebeli saxeobebia Cop1 -Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris

filix-mas Dr austriaca Phyllitis scolopendrium Pteris cretica sol- proeqciuli

dafarulobiT warmodgenilia Paeonia macrophylla Helleborus caucasicus Lapsana

intermedia Hieracium laevigatum Oxalis villosa Ajuga reptans Prunella vulgaris - Sp

5) Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum romelic gavrcelebulia

150-1000 m zRvis donidan farglebSi

iarusi A 6wb2rcx2wf+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=22 m Dt=50 sm A=90w)

dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa kodominanti Carpinus betulus


iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis+Rhododendron ponticum Hedera

colchica Vaccinium arcthostaphylos

iarusi C balaxovani safari ar aris ganviTarebuli

75

22 wablnarebi mkvdarsafriani da balaxovani safariT (Castaneta

nuda herbosa)

1) wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum) romelic

gavrcelebulia 800-1100 m zRvis donidan farglebSi

iarusi A 10wb+wf (boniteti =II H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=100w) dominanti


iarusi B Hedera colchica H helix Hypericum andosaemum Rhododendron

ponticum

iarusi C ar aris

2) wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum) romelic


iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx (boniteti =III H saS=24 m Dt=70 sm A=110w)

dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Fagus orientalis

Carpinus betulus

iarusi B Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron luteum

iarusi C Festuca montana -Soc Brachypodium silvaticum Solidago vurgaurea - Sp

3) wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum) romelic


iarusi A 8wb1wf1rcx+ccx (boniteti =III H saS=25 m Dt=70 sm A=120w)


Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia Acer laetum A platanoides +Diospyros lotus Taxus

baccata

iarusi B Corylus avellana Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus Rhododendron luteum

Hedera colchica

iarusi C Trachystemon orientalis -Cop3 PPetasites albus Athyrium filix-femina -

Cop1 Dryopteris filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria quinquefolia Circea lutetiana Sanicula

europae Impatiens noli-tangere Phylitis scolopendrium - Sp

76

23 wablnarebi foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Castaneta

aestifruticosa)

1) wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum) romelic




rcxila Carpinus betulus

iarusi B dominanti-Vaccinium arctostaphylos damaxasiaTebelia

Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchica Rhododendron ponticum Hypericum androsaemum

Laurocerasus officinalis proeqciuli dafaruloba 25-507

iarusi C Festuca montana Pteridium tauricum Fragaria vesca Viola arthoceras - Sp

2) wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum) romelic


iarusi A 7wb2rcx1wf+nk (boniteti =IIIII H saS=25 m Dt=60 sm A=115w)

dominanti edifikatori Castanea sativa damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Fagus

orientalis Acer laetum Tilia begonifolia

iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron

ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Daphne pontica Smilax exelsa

Clematis vitalba Hedera colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 60-70

iarusi C Festuca montana Pretidium tauricum -Cop2 Salvia glutinosa Cardamine

impatiens Leucanthemum vulgare -Cop1 Vinca pubescens Epimedium pubigerum Viola

odorata V orthoceras Fragaria vesca Pteris cretica -Sp

3) Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum romelic gavrcelebulia 500-700 m

zRvis donidan farglebSi

iarusi A 10 mry (boniteti =I H saS=25 m Dt=30 sm A=50w) dominanti

edifikatori Alnus barbata A glutinosa

iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasicus damaxasiaTebelia Hedera colchica

iarusi C Matteuccia strutiopteris - Cop3 Petasites albus Circea lutetiana - Cop1

Salvia glutinosa Galeobdolon luteum Lamium album - Sp

xSirad SevxvdebiT aseve sxvadasxva zomis fragmentebad

warmodgenil wablnari tyis fitocenozur dajgufebebs mayvlis qvetyiT

(Castanetum rubosum) zd-dan 300-1100m simaRleze muryanis da cacxvis

77

aqtiuri monawileobiT qvetyeSi gabatonebulia mayvlis saxeobebi

ZiriTadad Rubus caucasicum Fock da Rubus hirtus aqa-iq gvxvdeba pontos Sqeri

didgula da xeWreli balaxovnebidan _ Athyrium filix femina (L) Roth Pteridium

tauricum (Presl) Krecz Salvia glutinosa L Geranium robertianum L da sxv aq niadagi

sakmaod Rrmaa xolo humusovani fena 6-10 sm-s aRwevs (sur 313)

wiflis tyis sartyeli romelic z d 1000-1100m-dan 1500-1600m-mdea

gavrcelebuli tyis sartylis mesame safexuria Tavis vertikalur

safexurze wiflnari wminda tyis koromebs qmnis Mmis qveda sazRvrebSi

wifelTan erTad gvxvdeba Castanea sativa Carpinus caucasica Tilia caucasica xolo

zeda sazRvrebSi ki Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis (mxolod kintriSis

nakrZalSi)

sur 313 wablnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castanetum rubosum)

wiflnarebSi qvetye warmodgenilia buCqebiT Rhododendron ponticum

Laurocerasus officinalis Vaccinium arctostaphyllos Rhododendron luteum Viburnum lantana

Rubus caucasicus romelic mraval adgilas gansakuTrebiT ki tyis pirebsa

da tyis fanjrebSi gauval rayebsa da bardnars qmnis

78

lianebi wiflnarebSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba da tyis mcenare-ulobis

SeqmnaSi naklebad monawileobs SedarebiT xSirad vxvdebiT kolxur

suros magram is Cveulebriv miwazea garTxmuli da ZiriTadad balaxovan

safarSi ufro monawileobs

balaxovani safari wiflnarebSi wyvetilia mniSvnelovan nawilSi tye

mkvdarsafriania mxolod aqa-iq SeiZleba Segvxvdnen Sanicula europae Asperula

odorata balaxovnebiT wiflnari araa mdidari MmaTi umetesoba mdinareTa

napirebsa da velobebzea ZiriTadad Tavmoyrili gansakuTrebiT

aRsaniSnavia wiflnarebis zeda sazRvrebis velobebi da tyekafebi 1600-1800

m simaRleze z d aq Tavs iyrian rogorc tyis aseve subalpuri

sartylis elementebi swored aq vxvdebiT maRalbalaxeulobas saxeobebiT

Pyrethrum macrophyllum Hypericum buplerioides Senecio platyphylloides Ranunculus

ampelophyllus Potentilla elatior Lilium szowitsianum Senecio propinquus Cicerbita petiolata

Symphytum asperum Pyrethrum sorbifolium Paeonia macrophylla Aruncus vulgaris Heracleum

sosnovskyi Agrostis alba Solidago virgaurea Aconitum orientale Prenanthes abietina Petasites

albus Calamintha grandiflora

wiflis sartyelSi balaxeuli safari mdidaria iseT adgilebSi

sadac SedarebiT sustadaa ganviTarebuli wyavisa da Sqeris qvetye

yvelaze metad aRiniSneba wivana Festuca montana gvimrebidan aRsaniSnavia

Mateuccia strutiopteris Dryopteris oreopteris D liliana mniSvnelovania islebis

monawileobac (Carex silvatica) vxvdebiT agreTve Digitalis ferruginea Ranunculus

grandiflorus Erisimum aureum Senecio platyphilloides da sxv

wiflis tis sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis

jgufebi fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)

3 formacia wiflnarebi -Fageta (Fagus orientalis)

31 wiflnarebi maradmwvane qvetyiT (Fageta sempervirentifruticosa)

1) wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum romelic

gavrcelebulia 900-1800 m zRvis donidan farglebSi (sur 314)hellip

iarusi A 10wf1rcx+nZ (boniteti =II H saS=26 m Dt=56 sm A=130w)

dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica

79


damaxasiaTebelia Laurocerasus officinalis Hedera colchica H helix Rubus caucasicus

Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba 80

iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas-Cop1 Trachystemon orientale Dentaria quinquifolia

Salvia glutinosa Solidago virgaurea Circea lutetina Cicerbita pontica - Sp

2) soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum

romelic gavrcelebulia 1800-1900 m zRvis donidan farglebSi

iarusi A 7wf3sW+nk (boniteti = II H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=110w)

dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Abies nordmanniana

damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri

iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum damaxasiaTebelia

Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus colchicus)+Dhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii

Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum proeqciuli dafaruloba 40

iarusi C Asperula odorata Oxalis villosa Festuca montana Geranium psilostemon

Cop3 Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua Cop2

sur 314 wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendrosum

80

3) wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum laurocerasosum) romelic


iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = II H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=120w)

dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia

begonifolia Picea orientalis

iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officinalis + Rhododendron ponticum Ilex

colchica Rusucus colchicus


4) wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-


farglebSi (sur 315)

iarusi A 10wf+wb+rcx+sW (boniteti = II H saS=28 m Dt=56 sm

A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Castanea

sativa Carpinus betulus Abies nordmanniana Picea orientalis II iarusi Acer laetum Sorbus

torminalis

iarusi B dominanti Laurocerasus officnalis+Rhododendron ponticum

damaxasiaTebelia Viburnum lantana Rhododendron luteum Ruscus colchicus Rubus

caucasicus Hedera colchica Ilex colchica Vaccinium arctostaphylos Lonicera caucasica

proeqciuli dafaruloba 80

iarusi C Blechnum spicant Dryopteris filix-mas Athyrium filix-femina Asperula

odorata Oxalis villosa Cephalanthera grandiflofa -Sp

5) arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-

rhododendrozum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1900-2400 m zRvis donidan

farglebSi (mxolod kintriSis nakrZalSi)

iarusi A 6wf4ary+nk+circ (boniteti = IV H saS=15 m Dt=20 sm

A=95w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Betula litwinowii

B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri Sorbus subfusca

iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V

myrtillus proeqciuli dafaruloba 70

iarusi C Asperula odorata Geranium psilostemon Gsilvaticum Chamenerion

angustifolium Aconitum nasutum A orientale Festuca Montana- Cop1 Pulsatilla aurea -Sp

81

sur 315 wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT Fagetum rhododendroso-laurocerasosum

32 wiflnari foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiT (Fageta

aestifruticosa)

1) wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT Fagetum arctostaphylosum romelic


iarusi A 10wf+rcx (boniteti = III H saS=27 m Dt=60 sm A=170w)

dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis+Carpinus caucasica Acer laetum Castanea

sativa

iarusi B dominanti Vaccinicum arctostaphylos+Rhododendron ponticum Ilex

colchica proeqciuli dafaruloba 70

iarusi C Festuca montana Luzula forsteri Prunella vulgaris Asperula odorata

Geranium rotundifolium Gentiana schistocalyx Cardamine pectinata Paris incomplete - Cop1

Achillea bisserata Solidago virgaurea Hypericum bupleriodes - Sp

82

sur 316 wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)

sur 317 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)

83

2) wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum) romelic


iarusi A 8 wf+2rcx+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=58 sm

A=130w) dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus

betulus Tilia begonifolia

iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron luteum damaxasiaTebelia Vaccinium

arctostaphylos Rubus caucasicus Ilex colchica proeqciuli dafarulo-ba 60

iarusi C Dryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetina Salvia glutinosa -

Cop1 Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrisantha Galeobdolon luteum

Trachytemon orientalis Lusula forsterii Festuca montana Solidago virgaurea Hypericum

buplerioides ndashSp

3) wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum) romelic


iarusi A 10wf+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=64 sm A=145w)

dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer pseudoplatanus

Acer platanoides Sorbus torminalis

iarusi B dominanti Viburnum orientale damaxasiaTebelia Ilex colchicus

Vaccinium arctostaphylos Hedera colchica Ruscus colchicus proeqciuli dafaruloba

70

iarusi C Trachystemon orientale Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus

Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop1

33 wiflnarebi mayval-gvimriani safariT (Fageta ruboso-filicosa)

1) wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum) romelic


iarusi A 8wf1rcx1ccx (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=68 sm A= 160w)

doninanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus Tilia begonifolia

iarusi B dominanti mayvali Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Corylus

avellana Hedera colchica Sambucus nigra proeqciuli dafaruloba 40-60

iarusi C DDryopteris filix-mas Asperula odorata Circea lutetiana Salvia glutinosa

Stachys silvatica Calamintha grandiflora Scrophularia chrysantha Galeobdolon luteum

Trachystemon orientalis- Cop1

84

2) wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto-Carpineto

Fagetum rubosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 800-900 m zRvis donidan

farglebSi

iarusi A 6wf3rcx1wb+ccx (boniteti = III H saS=25 m Dt=52 sm A=

140w) doninanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis kodominanti Carpinus betulus

Castanea sativa+Tilia begonifolia Picea orientalis

iarusi B dominanti Rubus caucasica +Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron

ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos Rusucus colchicus Smilax exelsa proeqciuli

dafaruloba 60-70

iarusi C Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Oxalis acetosella Gentiana

schischtocalyx- Cop1

sur 318 wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)

3) wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum) romelic


iarusi A 10wf (boniteti=II H saS=28m Dt=60sm A= 130w) dominanti

edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer platanoi-des Ulmus glabra

iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Sambucus nigra Rubus caucasicus

85

iarusi C - Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris austriaca D filix-mas Matteuccia

strutiopteris - Cop3 Euphorbia macroceras Pachyphragma macrophyllum Paris incompleta

Polygonatum verticillatum Symphytum asperum erTeulad Paeonia macrophylla- Cop2

34 wiflnarebi mkvdari da balaxovani safariT (Fageta nuda herbosum)

1) wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum) romelic


iarusi A 9wf1rcx (boniteti = I H saS=31m Dt=70sm A= 150-170w)

dominanti Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus caucasica

iarusi BRubus caucasicus Hedera colchica

iarusi C - ar ar aris ganviTarebuli

2) wiflnari anCxlas safariT Fagetum trachystemosum romelic


iarusi A 8wf2rcx (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=64sm A= 130w)

dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus betulus

Tilia begonifolia

iarusi B Viburnum opulus Sambucus nigra

iarusi C Trachystemon orientale -Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina Dryopteris

filix-mas Paris incompleta Dentaria bulbifera -Cop1

3) wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum) romelic


iarusi A 10wf+nk+sW+nZ (boniteti = I H saS = 28m Dt=64sm A=

110w)dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri

Abies nordmanniana+Picea orientalis

iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne mezereum Vaccinium arctostaphylos

Ruscus colchicus Rubus caucasicus

iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-

femina Dryopteris filix-mas - Cop2 Aconitum orientale Brachypodium silvaticum Crepis

abietina Gentiana schystocalyx Valeriana alleariifolia Oxalis acetosella - Cop1

86

4) wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-

mixtoherbosum) romelic gavrcelebulia 1600-2000 m zRvis donidan

farglebSi

iarusi A 10wf+nk+ary (boniteti = III H saS=26m Dt=52sm A= 145w)

dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Acer trautvetteri

Betula litwinowii Bmedwedewii

iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ribes biebersteinii

Vaccinium arctostaphylos Daphne mezereum

iarusi C Asperula odorata Betonica granriflora Anemone fasciculata Festuca

montana - Cop3 Briza australis Bromopsis villosa Calamagrostis arundinacea Geranium

psilostemon Trifolium canescens Amoria ambigua - Cop2

5) Fagetum festucosum romelic gavrcelebulia 1000-2000 m zRvis

donidan farglebSi

iarusi A 10wf+rcx+nk (boniteti = II H saS=30m Dt=68sm A= 150w)

dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasiaTebelia Carpinus

betuluss+Acer trautvetteri

iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Ilex colchicus

Rhododendron ponticum Vaccinium arctostaphylos

iarusi C Festuca montana- Cop3 Asperula odorata Dentaria bulbifera Rubus hirtus-

Cop1 Oxalis acetosella- Sp

6) wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)


iarusi A 8wf1sW1nZ (boniteti = III IV H saS=20m Dt=52sm A= 105w)

dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis damaxasaTebelia Abies nordmanniana

Picea orientalis Acer trautvetterii

iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Daphne glomerata Ribes biebersteinii Rubus

caucasicus Rhododendron luteum Rh caucasicus

iarusi C Adenostyles platiphylloides - Cop3 Asperula odorata Athyrium filix-femina

Dryopteris filix-mas Aconitum orientale Inula magnifica Grossheimia poluphylla Symphytum

asperum Heracleum sosnowskyi-Cop2

87

mtiralas erovnuli parkis wiflis sartyelSi farTodaa

gavrcelebuli gansakuTrebuli esTetikuri efeqtiT gamorCeuli da

TviTmyofadi kolxur buCqnarTa dajgufeba - mcenareuli

Tanasazogadoeba `Sqeriani~ romelic 1 ha-ze 35-mde mesameuli periodis

merqniani saxeobiT aris warmodgenili msgavss dedamiwis zomieri

sartylis pirobebSi sxvagan versad SevxvdebiT am niSanTvisebiT (ra Tqma

unda gamorCeulad maRal uxvnaleqianobasTan da mTlianad saxeobriv da

ekosistemur mravalferovnebasTan erTad) mtiralas erovnuli parki

gansakuTrebulad maRali konservaciuli RirebulebebiT gamoirCeva (sur

319) igi pirvelad s golicinma (Голицын 1935 1939 1950) aRwera

damoukidebel formaciad gamohyo da a mayaSvilis rCeviT `Sqeriani~

uwoda mas tyis sartyelSi TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs da

warmodgenilia saxeobebiT Rhododendron ponticum Rh ungernii Rh luteum Ilex

colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Quercus ponticus Ruscus colchicus yvelaze kargad es

cenozi gamosaxulia md yoroliswylis xeobaSi (misi marjvena Senakadis

namwvaviswylis saTaveebSi) sadac SqerianSi gvxvdeba aWara-lazeTis

uiSviaTesi saxeoba Epigaea gaultherioides Sqeriani balaxovani safriT

mdidari ar aris rac buCqnaris sixSiriTaa gamowveuli

88

sur 319 formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum ~

Tumca Crdilisa da nestis amtani zogierTi saxeoba mainc gvxvdeba esenia

Dryopteris oreopteris Athyrium filix-femina Blechnum spicant Oxalis villosa da sxv

7) Fagetum mixtofruticosum asymp `Sqeriani~ romelic gavrcelebulia 1100-

1300 m zRvis donidan farglebSi

iarusi A 10wf (boniteti = II H saS=30 m Dt=70 sm A= 150w)

dominanti edifikatori Fagus orientalis +Sorbus biossieri Quercus pontica

iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron ponticum Laurocerasus officinalis Ruscus

colchicus+Frangula alnus Viburnum opulus Rubus caucasica Euonymus leiophlea Ilex

colchica Vaccinicum arctostaphylos Rhododendron ungernii Corylus avellana Hedera

colchica H helix Smilax exels Epigaea gaultherioides

iarusi C sustadaa ganviTarebuli - Asperula odorata Phyllitis

scoloptdrium Oxalis villosa - Sp

subalpuri mcenareuloba-zRvis donidan 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2400m-mde

vrceldeba da Sesabamisad Cvens mier Sesaswavli obieqtebidan mxolod

kintriSis nakrZalisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli rogorc g naxucriSvili

(1971 2000 Nakhutsrishvili 2003) n zazanaSvili r gagniZe g naxucriSvili

(Zazanashvili Gagnidze Nakhutsrishvili 1995) aRniSnaven subalpuri sartyeli

tyisa da alpuri sartylis mcenare-ulobaTa Soris brZolis sartyelia

romelSic erTmaneTis gverdiT arsebobisaTvis ibrZvian tyis mdelosa da

buCqnarebis tipis cenozebiF

Sesabamisad subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva sami zoli qveda zoli

romelSic tyis sartylis elementebi sWarboben Sua zoli tipiuri

subalpuri sartylis elementebiT da zeda zoli alpuri sartylis

elementebis siWarbiT akad n kecxovelis (1960) mixedviT dasavleT

saqarTvelos subalpur sartyelSi gamoirCeva subalpuri tyeebi

subalpuri buCqnarebi subalpuri mdeloebi da sxva ufro naklebad

specifikuri tipebi

subalpuri tyeebi aWaraSi vrceldeba z d 2100-2350 m sazRvrebSi da

warmodgenilia Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri

meCxeri tyiTa da dekianiT

89

am sartyelSi Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri

dendrofloris warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da

aWaris endemebi Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Viburnum

orientale Rhododendron ponticum Ilex colchica Laurocerasus officinalis Ribes biebersteinii

swored amitom a doluxanovi (Долуханов 1966) dasavleT saqarTvelos

subalpur sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad

subalpuri tanbrecilebi ZiriTadad warmodgenilia wiflnarebiT

arynarebiTa da muxnarebiT

tanbrecili wiflnarebi saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT sakmaod

mdidaria (Мемиадзе 1971) merqnianebidan wiflis garda am formaciaSi

monawileoben Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Sorbus boissieri S subfusca Acer

trautvetteri ufro iSviaTad PPopulus tremula

buCqovani qvetye sakmaod meCxeria magram saxeobebiT mdidaria masSi

monawileoben Rhododendron ponticum Rh caucasicum Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex

colchica Daphne alboviana D mezereum Salix caprea S caucasica Corylus avellana Ribes

alpinus Sorbus colchica S graeca Rubus caucasicus R hirtus Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V

myrtillus Viburnum orientale Lonicera caucassica Juniperus sabina da sxv

kidev ufro mdidaria balaxovani safari tanbrecil wiflnar tyeebSi

magram araTnabradaa ganawilebuli rac ufro meCxeria tye igi miT ufro

xSiria tenian adgilebSi gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia gvimrebis siuxve

gvimrebidan aq vxvdebiT Cystopteris fragilis Dryopteris oreades D spinulosa Thelypteris

oreopteris Phegopteris polypodioides Gymnocarpiom dryopteris Polystichum lobatum

Athyrium alpestre Phyllitis scolopendrium Polypodium vulgare tialebSi da

RartafebSi Tavs iCenen marcvlovnebiTrisetum pratense Koeleria caucasica Phleum

nodosum Agrostis planifolia Calamagrostis arundinacea Deschampsia caespitosa da sxv

maTTan erTad gvxvdebian islisebrnic Carex pontica C caucasica C medwedewii

C latifrons sxva balaxovnebidan gvxvdebian Lilium szowitsianum Muscari

polyanthum polygonatum verticillatum Rumex arifolius Cerastium cerastoides Silene

ruprechtii Melandrium noctiflorum Trollius patulus Aconitum nasutum Potentilla elatior P

nordmanniana Padjarica Geranium psilostemon Euphorbia macroceras Astrantia maxima

Chamaenerion angustifolia Circea alpina Symphytum asperum Scrophylaria chrisantha

Prenanthes purpurea Senecio platyphylloides da mravali sxva

90

subalpuri muxnarebis edifikatoria pontos muxa igi sinaTlis

moyvarulia da ZiriTadad samxreTis eqspoziciebze gvxvdeba rogorc

tanbrecili aseve swortanovani saxiT balaxov-nebidanac Sesabamisad

gvxvdeba ufro qserofituli saxeobebi

arynarebis formacia warmodgenilia aWaraSi gavrcelebuli aryis

samive saxeobisagan Betula medwedewii B litwinowii B pendula Aarynarebi

gavrcelebulia viwro teniani xeobebis cicabo ferdobebze (Махатадзе

Урушадзе 1972) wminda arynarebi aWaraSi ar gvxvdeba isini sakmaod

mdidaria saxeobrivi SemadgenlobiT kerZod aq vxvdebiT Sorbus boissieri S

colchica Vaccinium myrtillis iSviaTad Laurocerasus officinalis Rhododendron ponticum

Rh caucasica Ilex colchica balaxovnebidan aRsaniSnavia Polystichum lobatum

Phyllitis scolopendrium Carex medwedewii Luzula pseudosudetica Muscari polyanthum

Myosotis amoena Symphitum asprtum da sxv

subalpur buCqnarebs garkveuli upiratesoba eniWebaT tyisa da

maRalmTis formaciaTa Soris brZolis sartyelSi am sartyelSi gvxvdeba

rogorc maradmwvane aseve foTolmcveni buqovani saxeobebi esenia

Rhododendron caucasicum Rh ponticum Daphne alboviana Laurocerasus officinalis Ilex

colchoca Juniperus rufescens Jsabina Vaccinium arctostaphylos V uliginosum V myrtillis

Ruscus colchicus Rhododendron luteum Rosa boissieri Salix kikodzea S caucasica Rubus

caucasicus R saxatilis da sxv buCqebi am sartyelSi dabaltanianebia simaRliT

erT metramde zogi maTgani miwazea garTxmuli

dekiani deka (Rhododendron caucasicum) subalpuri sartylisaTvis

friad gavrcelebuli da damaxasiaTebeli buCqia CrdiloeTisa da

dasavleTis ferdobebze igi qmnis metad mniSvnelovan da TavisTavad

cenozs romelsac n kecxovelma (1935) dekiani uwoda dekiani

gavrcelebulia ZiriTadad subalpur sartyelSi rogorc TavisTavadi

formaciis aseve tanbrecil subalpur tyeebSi qvetyis saxiT aseve igi

adis alpur sartyelSic dekiani metad xSiri dajgufebaa rac

ganapirobebs balaxovani saxeobebiT mis siRaribes ZiriTadad aq

gvxvdebian xavsebi Tumca unda aRiniSnos isic rom gameCxrebul

dekianebSi gvxvdebian Athyrium alpestre Lilium szowitsianum Viola orthoceras Pulsatilla

aurea Aconitum nasutum Delphinium flexuosum Oxalis acetosella Geranium platypetalum G

psilostemon Cerastium purpurescens da sxv

91

ufro moSiSvlebul sustad gamdeloebul monakveTebze uxvad

gvxvdeba Scutellaria pontica Betonica grandiflora Thymus caucasicus ThGrossheimii

Melamphyrum caucasicum M alboffianum Hypericum nordmanni Purethrum coccineum

Tripleurospermum szowitsii Hieracium-is saxeobebi da sxv SedarebiT tenian

adgilebSi_ wyaroebTan nakadulebTan ki Tavs iCenen Cardamine siedlitziana

Hypericum buplerioides Veronica monticola Paederotella pontica Doronicum macrophyllum

Tu ki dekians CrdiloeTisa da dasavleTis ferdobebi uWiravs

samxreTisa da aRmosavleTis SedarebiT mSral da naTel ferdobebze

gavrcelebul cenozs warmoadgens Rviiani romelsac qmnian Juniperus sabina

da J pygmae ERviianSi monawileoben agreTve Vaccinium arctostaphyllos V

myrtillis Rosa boissieri da sxv balaxovnebidan DDianthys multicaulis Senecio

pandurifolius Centaurea albovii Minuartia-s saxeobebi da sxv

subalpur sartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo Semdegi fitocenozebis


4 formacia arynari (Betuleta) (Betula litwinowii B medwedewii)

41 arynari maradmwvane qvetyiT (Betuleta sempervirentifruticosa)

1) arynari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto caucasico - rhododendrosum) romelic


iarusi A 8ary1crc1nk+trf (boniteti=IV H saS=15m Dt=20sm A= 90w)

dominanti edifikatori Betula litwinowii B medwedewii damaxasiaTebelia

Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Acer trautwetteri

iarusi B dominanti Rhododendron caucasicum damaxasiaTebelia Ribes

biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Vaccinium myrtillus V arctostaphylos Sorbus subfusca


iarusi C Gentiana schystocalyx Milium effusum M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella

Pyrola rotundifolia Senecio rhombifolius- Cop1

42 arynari balaxovani safariT (Betuleta herbosum)

1) arynari subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT (Betuletum altherbosa

subalpina) romelic gavrcelebulia 2200-2350 m zRvis donidan farglebSi

92

iarusi A 8ary1crc1trf (boniteti=V H saS=10m Dt=15sm A= 70w)


Sorbus aucuparia Salix caprea Fagus orientalis Acer trautwetteri

iarusi B damaxasiaTebelia Rhododendron luteum Rhododendron caucasicum Ribes

biebersteinii Daphne mezereum Rubus idaeus

iarusi C Alchemilla caucasica Anemone fasciculata Anthoxantum odoratum

Calamagrostis arundinacea Cephalaria gigantea Geranium ibericum Gentiana schystocalyx

Milium effusum- Cop3 M schmidtianum Oxalis acetosella Adenostyles rhombifolius- Cop2

Pyrola rotundifolia- Cop1

subalpebis maRalbalaxeuloba maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi

damaxasiaTebeli tipia saqarTvelos bunebis didi mkvlevari vaxuSti

batoniSvili (1944) mas ldquoSamb-balax-SroSa-niansrdquo uwodebda n kecxovelis

(1960) mixedviT subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba tipiuria dasavleT

saqarTveloSi-kavkasion-ze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas kolxeTis

subalpuri maRalbala-xeuloba ewodeba igi uZvelesi TavisTavadi

cenozia misi warmoSoba da Semadgenloba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli

Sesabamisi raionebis (xeobebis) bunebriv pirobebTan subalpuri

maRalbalaxeulobis SeqmnaSi monawileoben 1-2 m simaRlis balaxovnebi

romelTa floristuli Semadgenloba metad mravalferovania sul

aRiniSneba 200-mde saxeoba amaTgan yvela xeobebisaTvis

damaxasiaTebelia 90 saxeoba am saerTo saxeobebidan aRsaniSnavia Lilium

szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Aconitum

nasutum Geranium psilostemon Hypericum buplerioides Astrantia maxima Antriscus

nemorosa Cnidium grossheimi Ligusticum arafoe L alatum Xantogalum purpurescens

Laserpitium affine Lsteveni Symphytum asperum Valeriana alliariifolia Knautia montana

Cephalaria gigantea Pyrethrum macrophyllum Senecio platyphylloides S propinquus S

cladobotrys Cirsium hypoleucum Prenanthes abietina P purpurea Cicerbita petiolata

Euphorbia oblongifolia E scripta Chamaenerion angustifolia Heracleum cyclocarpum H

sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora garda

maRali balaxovnebisa am tipis cenozSi vxvdebiT SedarebiT dabal

saxeobebsac Koeleria caucasica Carex pallescens Clatifrons Silene multifida Potentilla

elatior Vicia crocea Erigeron caucasicus Crepis pontica da sxv

93

zemoaRniSnuli saxeobebis umetesoba kolxuri kavkasiisa da kolxeT-

lazeTis elementebia swored amitom aWara-SavSeTis subalpuri

maRalbalaxeulobis florocenotur kompleqss superkolxurs

uwodeben

subalpuri mdeloebi subalpuri maRalbalaxeulobis erTgvar

gagrZelebas warmoadgens balaxeulobis simaRle aq 1 m-mdea subalpuri

mdeloebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan flori-stuli SemadgenlobiT

Sesabamisad gamoiyofa sami ZiriTadi jgufi_marcvlovani marcvlovan-

nairbalaxovani da nairbalaxovani subalpuri mdeloebi

marcvlovani subalpuri mdeloebis mTavari Semadgenelia Anthoxanthum

odoratum Deschampsia caespitosa Lerchenfeldia flexuosa Trise-tum flavescens Phleum

alpinum Ph nodosum Agrostis planifolia Ag tenuis Poa iberica P longifolia da sxv

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Zigva (Nardus stricta) romelic asarevlianebs

saZovrebs marcvlian mdeloebs ZiriTadad samxreTis mziani da mSrali

ferdobebi uWiravT

marcvlovan-nairbalaxovan mdeloebs zemoaRniSnul saxeobebTan

erTad qmnian metwilad Carum carvi C meifolium Ajuga orientalis Betonica

grandiflra Trifolium ambiguum es jgufi ZiriTadad gvxvdeba

tenian da CrdiloeTis ferdobebze

ufro Cveulebrivia nairbalaxiani mdeloebi mravali variantiT qva-

qviSian ferdobebze krazanas saxeobebi yvavilobisas qmnian mkveTr aspeqts

Hypericum perforatum H polygonifolium Hpruinatum Hnordmanniana maTTan erTad

gvxvdeba agreTve Thymus caucasicus Melamphyrum caucasicum Androsace intermedia

A albana da sxv

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania subalpur mdeloebze mTis barispiras

(Betoniсa grandiflora) gavrceleba misi monawileobiT floristulad mdidari

kombinaciebi iqmneba romelSic monawileoben aseve Scutellaria pontica

Calamintha grandiflora Verbascum alpinum Scrophularia chrysantha Aconitum orientale

Potentilla erecta da sxv

saqonlis sadgomebTan gavrcelebulia mTis Rvalo Crdilo-

dasavleTis ferdobebis mdeloebze ZiriTadad warmodgenilia nemsiwveras

saxeobebi Geranium psilostemon G ibericum aqve gvxvdebian Heracleum apiifolium

94

Pedicularis caucasica Solidago sausasica Cerastium hemschinicum Ranunculus

astrantiefolius da sxv

sustad daxril ferdobebze gvxvdebian bolqvovani saxeobebic Muscari

polyanthum Bellevalia paradoxa Scilla winogradowii Puschkinia scilloides Fritillaria

latifolia Ornithogalum balansae Crocus speciosus C vallicola mTel subalpur

mdeloebze Cveulebrivia Sxama Veratrum lobelianum Warbtenian niadagebze

gvxvdeba mdelosa da Waobs Soris gardamavali asociaciebi romlebSic

mniSvnelovan monawileobas Rebuloben Juncus alpinus Caltha polypetala Cardamine

seidlitsiana Epilobium alpinum Veronica monticola V baccabunga V anagallis

32 aWaris daculi teritoriebis floris analizi

aWaris floris saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb

ldquosaqarTvelos florisrdquo (1971-2003) aseve a dmitrievas (Дмитриева 1990) m

daviTaZis 2001 Хохряков Мазуренко 1993 Хохряков Манвелидзе Мазуренко

Мемиадзе 1998 n memiaZe 2005 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh

Varshanidze N I 2008 2010 monacemebis da saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa

akademiis baTumis botanikuri baRis adgilobrivi florisa da bunebis

dacvis ganyofilebis mier 1990-2004 wlebis eqspediciebis Sedegebis

mixedviT mopovebuli aWarisaTvis da saqarTvelosaTvis axali saxeobebis

uaxloesi sistematikuri nomenklaturiT (r gagniZe (1971-2004) Czerepanov

1995 Takhtajan 1997 Gagnidze 2005 Mabberley 1997) dazustebuli siis mixedviT

aWaris floristul raionSi aRiricxeba velurad mozardi 1848 saxeoba

romlebic erTiandebian 157 ojaxis 725 gvarSi Tu ki mxedvelobaSi

miviRebT saxeobebis saxeobaTa variaciisa da qvesaxeobebis saerTo

raodenobas (1848) farTobis erTeulze (2900 km2) SeiZleba dabejiTebiT

iTqvas rom aWara yvelaze mdidari floristuli raionia mTels kavkasiis

ekoregionSi

321 kintriSis daculi teritoriebi floris analizi

95

kintriSis floris inventarizaciis literaturuli da Cveni savele

muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT

romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian

saxeobebi msxvil taqsonomiur erTeulebSi Semdegnairad nawildebian

(cxrili 3211)

kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli 894 saxeobidan

gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 18

gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq warmodenilni

arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100 ojaxisa da 572

gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963

saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-119

Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-

38 Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris

Semadgenlobis 555 - s Seadgens

cxrili 3211 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi kintriSis

dacul teritoriebze

kintriSis daculi teritoriebis florisa da aWaris floristuli

raionis saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani ojaxebis Tanmimdevroba

SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3212)

taqsonomiuri jgufi

ojaxi gvari saxeoba

Pteridophyta

13 18 29

Spermatophyta

103 574 865

Gymnospermae

3 2 5

Angiospermae

100 572 861

Dicotyledones

83 494 721

Monocotyledones

17 78 140

sul

116 593 894

96

rogorc cxrili 331-dan Cans pirveli ori ojaxi orive florisaTvis

erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT wamyvani ojaxebis mravalferovnebac

daaxloebiT erTnairia nakrZalis flora floris sistematikuri

struqturis parametrebiT borealuri floristuli olqis

konkretul florebs Seesabameba (Шмидт 19801984)

farTo gavrcelebiT TvalsaCino adgili uWiravs saxeobebiT mdidar

gvarebs Carex-14 Veronica Potentilla-12 Trifolium Cirsium Hieracium-11 Alchemilla

Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus

Scrophularia Senecio Cardamine-8

cxrili 3212 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da aWaris floristuli

raionis wamyvani ojaxebi

sakmaod sainteresoa kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris

mcenareTa sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovneba raodenoba da maTi

urTierTTanafardobiT gamoxatuli biologiuri speqtri

mis SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-buCqi

liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi romelTa raodenobrivi maCveneblebi

Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili

kintriSis daculi teritoriebis aWaris floristuli raioni

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba

1 Asteraceae 119 133 Asteraceae 210 114

2 Poaceae 67 75 Poaceae 146 794

3 Rosaceae 59 66 Fabaceae 102 555

4 Fabaceae 48 53 Cyperaceae 74 402

5 Scrophulariaceae 42 46 Rosaceae 71 386

6 Caryophyllaceae 41 45 Scrophulariaceae 66 357

7 Apiaceae 38 43 Lamiaceae 62 337

8 Lamiaceae 37 41 Brasicaceae 61 332

9 Boraginaceae 23 25 Liliaceae 47 255

10 Brassicaceae 23 25 Apiaceae 47 255

97

xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36

buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55

xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19

liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29

mravalwlovani balaxonvani mcenare--------------------------------------------- 569

erTwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 106

orwliani balaxonvani mcenare----------------------------------------------------- 55

tuber-bolqviani mcenare ----------------------------------------- -------------------------- 27

iseve rogorc mtiralas erovnuli parkis floraSi kintriSis

nakrZalSic merqnianebi raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian

balaxovnebs magram Zlier gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian

merqnianebi gamoirCevian bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba

mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-ze meti saxeoba

maradmwvanea bevri buCqTagani Eekologiuri faqrotebidan gamomdinare

xis zomebs aRwevs amitom zemoT klasifikaciaSi mogvyavs xe an buCqi

balaxovania 779 (8713) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-106

(1182) orwlovani-55 (61) mravalwlovani- 588 (657) amrigad yvelaze

didi procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani

mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi

merqniani saxeobebia

mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris

saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi

kolxuri da gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli

evqsinis jgufebi mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac

mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli

Semadgenlobis 216 -s Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri

elementi 156 saxeobiT ara marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo

formebis didi mravalferovnebT warmodgenili kolxuri elementi

xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens kolxuri elementi imdenad

Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis romelime maTganis arCevac ki

Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis didi nawilis floris sae-

98

rTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi gansakuTrebuli mrava-

lferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)

yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia

warmodgenili 398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-

s Seadgens romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da

evropuli elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom

nakrZalis flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba

sakmao warmomadgenlobiTaa xmelTaSuazRvis elementi 115 saxeobiT-

128 kavkasiur-mcire aziuri -90 saxeoba-10 kintriSis xeoba Tavisi

mdebareobiTa da warsuliT dakavSirebulia kavkasiis da mcire aziis

floristul centrebTan ZiriTadad kolxuri klasis areals miekuTvneba

magram igi amave dros kavkasiis saerTo arealSi Sedis romelic Tavis

mxriv mcire azias esazRvreba aseve mniSvnelovani wili modis euqsinur ndash

54 saxeoba-6 da euqsinur-hirkaenul- 36 - 4 saxeobebze

kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floristuli Semadgenlobis

geoelementTa Sefardeba kargad Cans diagramaze (diagrama 3211)

99

diagrama 3211 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeobaTa

Semadgenlobis geografiuli speqtri

322 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris analizi

mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad

dadginda rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306

gvarSi erTiandebian


(cxrili 3221)

cxrili 3221 saxeobaTa ganawileba taqsonomiur erTeulebSi

erovnul parkSi dafiqsirebuli 522 saxeobidan gvimranairia 25

saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi

SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani 522 saxeoba

romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian


Poaceae-35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22

Apiaceae-21 Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris


taqsonomiuri

jgufi

ojaxi gvari saxeoba

Pteridophyta 13 16 25

Spermatophyta 93 289 496

Gymnospermae 1 1 1

Angiospermae 92 288 495

Dicotyledones 76 242 428

Monocotyledones 16 46 67

sul 107 306 522

100

M mtiralas erovnuli parkis florisa da aWaris floristuli


SedarebisaTvis mogvyavs cxlilSi (cxrili 3222

cxrili 3222 mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da aWaris floristuli


rogorc cxrili 321-dan Cans pirveli sami ojaxi orive

florisaTvis erTnairia saxeobaTa simravliT ojaxebi Cyperaceae da

Liliaceae aWaris mTliani floris SemadgenlobaSi saxeobaTa simravliT

gamorCeul ojaxebs Sorisaa gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnuli

parkisagan Eerovnul parkSi ojaxebis Cyperaceae da Liliaceae saxeobebiT

mdidar ojaxebs Soris ar arseboba SeiZleba aixsnas misi simaRlebrivi

zonalobiT kerZod imiTromPparkis teritoriaze ar aris subalpur-

alpuri sartylebi

mtiralas erovnuli parki aWaris floristuli raioni

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba



3 Fabaceae 30 57 Fabaceae 102 555

4 Rosaceae 28 53 Cyperaceae 74 402

5 Lamiaceae 27 51 Rosaceae 71 386

6 Brassicaceae 26 49 Scrophulariaceae 66 357

7 Scrophulariaceae 22 42 Lamiaceae 62 337

8 Apiaceae 21 402 Brasicaceae 61 332


10 Caryophyllaceae 13 24 Apiaceae 47 255

101

floris analizisas aseve gairkva saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebic

esenia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6 Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-

5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5

floris analizisaTvis garkveuli mniSvneloba eniWeba mcenareTa

sasicocxlo formebis mravalferovnebas raodenobasa da maT

urTierTTanafardobas riTac gamoixateba biologiuri speqtri

parkis floris SemadgenlobaSi aris rogorc merqniani (xe buCqi xe-

buCqi liana) aseve balaxovani saxeobebi sasicocxlo formebis

raodenobrivi maCveneblebi Semdegnairadaa warmoCenili

xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32

buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41

xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5

liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25





sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis

mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT

Soris xe- 32 buCqi-41 liana-5 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod

maRali maCvenebelia zRvispira aWaris am Taviseburebaze jer kidev 1935

wels miuTiTa golicinma (Голицын 1935) erovnuli parkis merqnianebi

marto saxeobrivi simravliT rodia saintereso Tumca isini

raodenobrivi maCvneblebiT didad CamorCebian balaxovnebs magram Zlier

gavrcelebuli da gabatonebulni arian merqnianebi gamoirCevian

bioekologiuri tipiTac MmaTi umravlesoba mezofiluri floris

elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea balaxovania 419

(8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222) orwlovani-36 (68)

mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi procentiT sasicocxlo

102

formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia warmodgenili Tumca

gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia

sakmaod mravalferovania mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris

saxeobaTa geografiuli speqtri romelSic yvelaze meti raodenobiT -134

saxeoba borealuri elementi sWarbobs da floristuli Semadgenlobis

256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac

mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens

xmelTaSuazRvispirul-winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-

67 saxeoba-128 mcire aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-

65 sxva elementi-10 saxeoba-19 Gparkis floristuli Semadgenlobis


kolxuri xmelTaS-mcaz kavkasiuri euqsinurimcaziuri euqsinur-hirk

diagrama 3221 mtiralas erovnuli Gparkis floris saxeobaTa


maSasadame mtiralas erovnuli parkis florac kintriSis floris

msgavsad borealuri tipisaa kolxuri elementebi erovnuli parkis

floris ZiriTad birTvs Seadgenen romlebic warmodgenilni arian ara

103

marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi

mravalferovnebiTac kolxuri elementi Zveli xmelTaSuazRveTis

floris elementebTan erTad Seqmnil TavisTavad da TviTmyofadi

acociaciebiT mudmiv floristikul Semadgenlobasa da gansakuTrebul

originalur garemos qmnian amiT tipiuri magaliTi formacia bdquoSqerianialdquo

romelzec mcenareulobaSi ukve aRvniSneT

aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobebis sruli sia

mocemulia danarTi 1-Si

kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi

gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan Crdilis amtania 10 sinaTlis

moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36 mezofiti anu

niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23 higrofiti anu

niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba (danarTi 2)


gavrcelebuli merqniani saxeobebidan reliqturebia carcis periodis 1

mesameuli periodis arqomesameuli 1 tugais 29 qseroTermuli periodis

1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6 (danarTi 3)

33 kintriSis daculi teritoriebisa da mtiralas erovnuli parkis

floris endemebi


flora da mcenareuloba gamoirCeva uZvelesi mcenareuli dajgufebebiTa

da reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebiT mdidari floristuli kompleqse-

bis siWarbiT am mravalferovnebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili endemur

floras uWiravs romelsac didi mniSvneloba aqvs regionaluri floro-

genezuri procesebis dadgenisaTvis rac gzas gvixsnis florisa da mcena-

reulobis Camoyalibebisa da misi Semdgomi ganviTarebis Secnobisaken

endemuri saxeobebi yvela floris specifikuri Semadgeneli nawilia

da swored maT safuZvelze xdeba floris absoluturi gansxvavebis

104

dadgena isini upirveles yovlisa gamoiyenebian Se-saswavli florebis

sxva florebisagan gansxvavebis dasadgenad

ama Tu im qveynisa Tu regionis endemizmis maRali done aris

floristuli originalobis ZiriTadi maCvenebeli da amavdrou-lad

migviTiTebs imaze rom am teritoriaze mimdinareobda da mimdinareobs

saxeobaTawarmoqmnis intensiuri procesebi endemuri saxeobebis

geografizmis sistematikuri struqturisa da hifsometruli gavrcelebis

TaviseburebaTa Seswavla mniSvnelovania saxeobaTa warmoqmnis procesebis

zogadi kanonzomierebebis gamovlenisa da SeswavlisaTvis

M endemuri flora 49 ojaxis da 150 gvaris 218 saxeobiTaa

warmodgenili rac aWaris mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 118-s

Seadgens (memiaZe 2005)

sakvlev obieqtebze endemuri saxeobebis saxeobrivi Semadgenloba

sistematikuri struqtura da geografiuli speqtri asea warmodgenili

orive dacul teritoriaze erTad dafiqsirebulia 141 endemuri


saxeobebiT mdidari ojaxebia Asteraceae-21 (saxeoba) Rosaceae-13

Ranunculaceae-12 Fabaceae-8 Apiaceae-7 Scrophyllariaceae-7

saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Cirsium-4 (saxeoba) Sorbus-4 Heracleum

Senecio Symphytum Pulsatilla Ranunculus Euphorbia Anthemis ndashsam-sami saxeobiT

arian warmodgenili

mravalferovania endemuri saxeobebis Semadgenloba sasicocxlo

formebis mixedviTac 141 saxeobidan merqniania 14 (99) saxeoba maT

Soris xe-3 buCqi-9 xe-buCqi-2 saxeoba balaxovania 127 (90) saxeoba

aWaris endemuri floris geografiul struqturaSi 5 jgufis

endemebia kavkasiis kolxeTis saqarTvelos aWaris da aWara-lazeTis

amave jgufis endemebia gavrcelebuli Cvens mier Seswavlil dacul

teritoriebze geografiuli speqtriis mixedviT orive teritoriaze

endemuri saxeobebi Semdegnairad nawildebian kavkasiis-63 saxeoba - 446

kolxeTis-53 saxeoba -375 saqarTvelos-12 saxeoba -85 aWara-lazeTis-9

saxeoba-63 aWaris-4 saxeoba-28 sxvadasxva geografiuli warmoSobis

endemuri saxeobebis gadanawileba da urTierTSefardeba kargad Cans

diagramaze (diagrama 331)

105

kintriSis nakrZalSi dafiqsirda 131 endemuri saxeoba maTgan

kavkasiis-60 (saxeoba) kolxeTis-50 saqarTvelos-12 aWara-lazeTis-5

aWaris-3

mtiralas erovnul parkSi 51 endemuri saxeobidan kavkasiis-22

(saxeoba) kolxeTis-19 saqarTvelos-4 aWara-lazeTis-4 aWaris-2

kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis siWarbe mtiralas

erovnuli parkisagan gansxvavebiT aixsneba zRvis donidan simaRlis

amplitudis sxvaobiT kintriSis nakrZalSi endemuri saxeobebis

umravlesoba swored subalpur sartyelSia Tavmoyrili am sartyelSi

Tavmoyrilia ZiriTadad mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris

warmomadgenlebi kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris endemebi

Betula medwedewii Quercus pontica Rhamnus imeretina Acer trautvetteri Sorbus boissieri var

adzharica S subfusca S migarica S fedorovi S colchica Salix caucasica Daphne alboviana

swored am sartyelSia maRalmTis mcenareulobis erT-erTi

damaxasiaTebeli subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba romelic tipiuria

dasavleT saqarTveloSi-kavkasionze da aWara-imereTis qedze da mas

kolxeTis subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba ewodeba mis SemadgenlobaSic

mravladaa endemuri saxeobebi romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia Lilium

szowitsianum Paeonia macrophylla Aquilegia caucasica Delphinium flexuosum Ligusticum

arafoe Laserpitium affine Symphytum asperum Valeriana colchica Knautia montana

Cephalaria gigantea Senecio platyphylloides S cladobotrys Euphorbia scripta Heracleum

cyclocarpum H sosnovskyi Cirsium aggregatum Grossheimia macrophyllaGadelia lactiflora

swored amitom a doluxanovi (1952) dasavleT saqarTvelos subalpur

sartyels Tvlis mis ZiriTad refugiumad

106

diagrama 331 endemuri saxeobebis geografiuli speqtri

Tavi IV aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi

41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis sxvavasxva daculobis statusis

mqone mcenareTa saxeobebis mravalferovneba

bunebis simdidreTa mtaceblurma araracionalurma da

arakanonzomierma eqspluataciam seriozuli ziani miayena cocxal

bunebas da safrTxis winaSe daayena kacobrioba teqnikur progresTan

erTad gaizarda bunebaze adamianis zemoqmedeba misi Carevis sfero

ramac Seamcira mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros saarsebo sivrceebi

dairRva milioni wlebiT Sekruli da naduRabebi ekologiuri

Tanafardoba

ukanaskneli aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi moispo mravali

frinveli cxoveli da mcenare Cvens Tvalwin daiRupa kavkasiis tyeebis

mSveneba domba mTis cxvari mospobis pirasaa niamori da sxva mcenareTa

da mcenareuli safaris dacva-SenarCunebas xom udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs

mcenare wyaroa organuli nivTierebisa da Jangbadisa weliwadSi erT

heqtar tyes 2-3 tona Jangbadis gamoyofa SeuZlia ro araferi vTqvaT mis

niadagis damcavi da wylis maregulirebeli funqciaze

107

yovelive amis gamo bunebis dacvis sakiTxebs gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba eqceva dRes bunebis dacva msoflio problemad iqca

swored amitom jer kidev wina saukuneebSi adamianma seriozulad

daiwyo fiqri cocxali bunebis aRdgeniT RonisZiebebze erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo 1948 wels Seqmnili bunebisa da bunebrivi

resursebis dacvis pirveli saerTaSoriso kavSiri miznad iqna dasaxuli

ldquofaqtebis wiTeli wignebisrdquo (Red Data Book) Sedgena Seadgines aseve ew

ldquoSavi siacrdquo romelSic me-17 saukunemde amomwydari mcenareTa da

cxovelTa saxeobebi Seitanes

XX saukunis Mmeore naxevarSi saqarTvelos mecnierebis mier

floris faunisa da bunebis aracocxali Zeglebis Seswavlisa da

kritikuli gadaxedvis safuZvelze gamoica bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli wignildquo

romelis erT nawilSi mocemulia cnobebi iSviaTi da gadaSenebis piras

myofi cxovelTa 65 saxeobis Sesaxeb meore nawilSi iSviaTi da

gadaSenebis piras myofi mcenareTa 161 saxeoba xolo mesame nawili

eTmoba araorganuli bunebis esTetikur da samecniero Rirebulebis

Zeglebs veluri bunebis monitoringi mimdinareobs periodulad

garkveuli drois monakveTSi 5-10 weliwadSi erTxel zemod mocemuli

monacemebi moZvelebulia dRes midis axali bdquowiTeli wignisldquo gamocemaze

muSaoba

elementarul WeSmaritebad aRiqmeba is faqti rom dasabamidan

dedamiwis biomravalferovneba mudmivi cvalebadobis procesSia drosa

da sivrceSi biomravalferovnebis calkeuli komponentebi ver arseboben

erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad da misi erTi SexedviT Tundac

umniSvnelo rgolis rRveva iwvevs biomravalferovnebis stabilurobis

rRvevis masStabur da Seuqcevad procesebs rac garkveuli safrTxeebis

winaSe ayenebs saarsebo garemos stabilurobas amitomacaa rom dRes

sayovelTaod aRiarebulia da TiToeuli qveynis mier aRebulia

Sesabamisi valdebulebebi biomravalferovnebis mudmivi monitoringis

aucileblobis Sesaxeb rogorc konkretuli saxeobis populaciebis da

habitatebis aseve vrceli ekosistemebis doneebze romelic eyrdnoba

uitekeris (Whittaker 1972) mier SemoTavazebuli alfa beta da gama

mravalferovnebis cnebebs da romlis mixedviTac alfa ndash mravalferov-

108

neba aris mravalferovneba erTi adgisamyofelis an Tanasazogadoebis

farglebSi betandashmravalferovneba moicavs sxvadasxva adgilsamyofelTa

mravalferovnebas gamandashmravalferovneba ki dedamiwis konkretuli

ekoregionis mravalferovnebas

1994 wels bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) sabWom

miiRo wiTeli nusxis axali sistema da axali kriteriumebi romelTa

gamoyebenac Zalian farTod daiwyes sxvadasxva samTavrobo Tu ara

samTavrobo organizaciebma amgvarma farTo da mravaljeradma

gamoyenebam cxadyo zogierTi cvlilebebis Setanis aucileblobac da

msoflio konservaciis kongresma 1996 wels saxeobaTa gadarCenis

komisias mianiWa uflebamosileba ganexorcielebina sistemis gadasinjva

sabolood SemoRebuli iqna ganaxlebuli sistema romlis mixedviTac

saxeobebs mieniWaT Semdegi kategoriebi

EX ndash gadaSenebuli

EW ndash bunebaSi gadaSenebuli

CR ndash kritikul safrTxeSi myofi

EN ndash safrTxeSi myofi

VU ndash mowyvladi

NT ndash safrTxesTan axlos myofi

LC ndash saWiroebs zrunvas

DD ndash arasruli monacemebi

NE ndash ar aris Sefasebuli

saqarTveloSi saxeobebis konservaciis zogadi sakiTxebi

gansazRvrulia mTel rig sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi romlebic miRebulia

saqarTvelos parlamentis mier (saqarTvelos parlamentis normatiuli

aqtebi garemos dacvis sferoSi http wwwparliamentge) 1994-2006 wlebSi

2005 wels axali sistemis mixedviT moxda - bdquosaqarTvelos wiTeli

nusxisldquo SemuSavebac romelic 2006 wels damtkicda saerTaSoriso

wiTeli nusxis kategoriebisgan gansxvavebiT am SemTxvevaSi ama Tu im

kategorias emateba sityva bdquoregionulildquo rac niSnavs rom es saxeoba

gadaSenebulia konkretul regionSi da ara mTeli msoflios masStabiT

109

wiTel nusxaze muSaoba mudmivad mimdinareobs vinaidan droTa

ganmavlobaSi saxeobaTa mdgomareoba icvleba da wiTeli nusxac

saWiroebs cvlilebebis Setanas

saqarTvelos ldquowiTel nusxaSirdquo Sesulia 135 saxeobis cxoveli da 56

saxeobis mcenare dReisaTvis saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia

aWaraSi velurad mozardi 22 merqniani saxeoba (Arbutus andrachne Astragalus

sommieri Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica Castanea sativa Celtis australis Daphne

albowiana Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus decorus Ostrya

carpinifolia Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus hartwissiana Quercus imeretina Quercus

pontica Rhododendron smirnowii Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea

colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra) bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris

(IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 10 saxeoba (Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica

Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea

orientalis Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera)

veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi

saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT daculia

mcenareTa 5 saxeoba (Cyclamen couum Galanthus alpinus G krasnovii G rizehensis G

woronowii)

kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 276 saxeoba

aWaris dacul teritoriebze Cvens mier literaturuli wyaroebsa

da sakuTar kvlevebze dayrdnobiT dadginda rom

kintiSis dacul teritoriebze

- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 13 saxeoba (61 9 mTeli

saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxisardquo) Betula medwedewii Buxus colchica

Castanea sativa Daphne albowiana Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Pterocarya

pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron ungernii Salix kikodseae Staphylea

colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra)

- kavkasiis bdquowiTeli nusxisldquo 193 saxeoba (694 aWaridan kavkasiis

bdquowiTeli nusxisldquomTliani raodenobisa)

- bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli nusxiTrdquo

daculia 10 saxeoba (100 aWaridan (IUCN) wiTeli nusxisldquo mTliani

raodenobisa) Abies nordmanniana Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa

110

Corylus avellana Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Picea orientalis Pterocaria

pterocarpa Vitis vinifera

- veluri faunisa da floris gadaSenebis safrTxeSi myofi

saxeobebis saerTaSoriso vaWrobis konvenciis (CITES) nusxiT

daculia mcenareTa 2 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus woronowi

mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze

- saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiTrdquo daculia 14 saxeoba (667 mTeli


Castanea sativa Epigaea gaultherioides Juglans regia Laurus nobilis Osmanthus

decorus Pterocarya pterocarpa Quercus pontica Rhododendron smirnowii

Rhododendron ungernii Staphylea colchica Taxus baccata Ulmus glabra





raodenobisa) Buxus colchica Taxus baccata Alnus glutinosa Corylus avellana

Diospyros lotus Ficus carica Pterocaria pterocarpa Vitis vinifera



daculia mcenareTa 3 saxeoba- Cyclamen couum Galanthus krasnovii G

woronowii

cxrili 41 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareTa saxeobaTa

konservaciis statusi


kintriSi Mmtirala NP

saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxardquo 2006

11 - (VU)

2 - (EN) 12 - (VU)

sul 13 12

kavkasiis wiTeli nusxardquo 2012

151 - (NE) 48 - (NE)

8 - (LC) 3 - (LC)

6 - (NT) 2 -(NT)

6 -(DD) -

111

42 aWaris daculi teritoriebis iSvaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis

daavadebebi

bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil

daavadebebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi

xmoba romelic savele kvlevebis periodSi 2010 wlis noemberSi Cvens

mier iqna pirvelad dafiqsirebuli mtiralas erovnul parkSi (daviTaZe

2012) gamovlinda sneulebis Semdegi simptomebi bzis foTlebze gaCnda

muqi yavisferi laqebi da moSavo zolebi ris Sedegadac daiwyo

foTlebis cvena (sur 421 422 423 424) aseTi simptomebi aReniSneboda

1 - (CR Blab(Iiiiii)+2ab(iii)) -

1 - (EN Blab(iii)+2ab(iii)) -

1 - (EN B2ab(iii)) -

1 - (EN B2ab(iiiv) -

1 - (VU Blab(iiiii)+2ab(iiiii)) -

1 - (VU Blab(iii)) 1 -(VU Blab(iii))

1 - (VU Blab(iiiv)) 1 - (VU Blab(iiiv))

3 - (VU B2ab(iii) 4 - (VU B2ab(iii)

4 - (VUD2) 1 - (VUD2)

sul 185 60

IUCN wiTeli nusxardquo

1 - ( N Threatened ver 31 Pop trend

decreasing)

1 - ( Near Threatened ver

31 Pop trend

decreasing)

2 - ( Least Concern ver 31) 2 - ( Least Concern ver

31)

1 - (Lower Risknear threatened ver

23 (needs updating))

1 - (Lower Risknear

threatened ver 23 (needs

updating))

2 - Lower Riskleast concern ver

23 (needs updating)

2 - Lower Riskleast

concern ver 23 (needs

updating)

1 - Least Concern ver 31 Pop trend

stable

sul 205 78

112

mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli kolxuri bzis (Buxus colchica)

70-s Llaboratoriuli kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda rom daavadebas iwvevs

soko cylindrocladum buxicola es daavadeba gavrcelebulia xorvatiaSi

espaneTSi italiaSi belgiaSi germaniasa da inglisSi bzis aRniSnuli

daavadeba cota mogvianebiT 2011 wlis Semodgomaze kintriSis dacul

teritoriebzec gavrcelda

dRemde sagangaSoa Ddaculi teritoriebis wablnarebis

fitosanitaruli mdgomareoba daavadebis masStaburoba imdenad didia

rom mcenaris mTliani ganadgurebis saSiSroebas qmnis sakvlevi

teritoriis wablnarebSi daaxloebiT xeebis 75-80 gamxmaria mTavari

mizezia qerqis kibo (Cryphonectria parasitica) igi mcenaris fesvebze totebsa

da foTlebze mura feris laqebs warmoSobs da xis xmoba iwyeba

kenwerodan (sur 425 426)

qerqis kibos garda dacul teritoriebze SemCneulia sruliad

axali daavadeba - wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka) igi

pirvelad makedoniaSi 1985 wels dafiqsirda saqarTveloSi ki 2007 wels

SemoaRwia mweris matli ikvebeba wablis foTlebiT SemCneulia agreTve

cacxvisa da Telis foTlebzec daavadebis simptomebia foTlis

zedapirze arsebuli ruxi moTeTro feris sxvadasxva sididis laqebi

maTSi aris kvercxebi romlebidanac gamoCekili matlebi foTlis

parenqimuli qsoviliT ikvebebian (sur 427 428)

113

sur 421 sur 422

sur 423 sur 424

sur 421 foTlebze laqebi da moSavo zolebi

sur 422 foTlebisgan gaSiSvlebuli bza

sur 423 paTogenurobis testi

sur 424 daavadebaTa gamomwvevi paTogeni Cylindrocladium buxicola

sur 425 sur 426

114

sur 427 sur 428

sur 425 426 qerqis kiboTi daavadebuli wablnari koromi

sur 427 wablis naRmisebri CrCili

sur 428 gamoCekili matli

aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli mavnebel-daavadebebis

winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebebad migvaCnia a) gamxmari xeebis moWra da

tyidan gamotana b) Camocvenili foTlebis ylortebis Segroveba da

dawva an Rrmad Camarxva g) daavadebul adgilebze fungicidebis an

inseqticidebis Sesxureba d)srulyofilad Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli

mavneblebis ganviTarebis cikli e) SemuSavdes mavneblebis winaaRmdeg

brZolis biologiuri meTodi

43 aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaro (faunis iSviaTi da

qrobadi saxeobebi)

aWara nawilia im rTuli da mravalferovani qveynisa romelic

kavkasiis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili magram is imdenad gansxavavebuli da

Taviseburi bunebrivi pirobebiT xasiaTdeba rom bevri mkvlevari mas

ixilavs rogorc calke olqs romelsac mkafiod gamoxatuli bunebrivi

sazRvrebi aqvs aWaras sami mxridan sazRvravs wyalgamyofi qedebi xolo

erTi mxriT mas uSualod zRva esazRvreba aWaraSi teritoriis simciris

miuxedavad landSaptTa did sxvadasxvaobas vxdebiT rac gamowveulia

115

misi geografiuli mdebareobiT ekologiuri warsuliT orografiiT

Savi zRvis uSualo gavleniT da sxva mravali faqtorebiT

aWaris uaRresad mravalferovanma fizikur-geografiulma pirobebma

da Taviseburma geologiurma warsulma ganapiroba mdidari da

mravalferovani cxovelTa samyaros Camoyalibeba aWara saqarTvelos da

sxva nawilebTan erTad warmoadgens bdquofaunistur da floristul kvanZsldquo

sadac adgilobrivi warmoSobis e w endemuri cxovelebis garda Tavs

iyris evropisa da aziis saxeobebi aWaris mcire teritoriis miuxedavad

aq saxlobs metad gansxvavebuli cxovelTa jgufi romlebic gamoirCeva

saxeobaTa mravalferovnebiT da iSviaTi formebiTac (gogmaCaZe zosiZe

Jordani 2009 daviTaZe 2012)

aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb uaxloesi da

metad mniSvnelovani cnobebi mogvepoveba aWaris faunis reestrSi

(redaqtori a buxnikaSvili 2012) aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT

dReisaTvis aWaris teritoriaze aRiricxeba Tevzebis 153 amfibiebis 10

reptiliebis 24 frinvelebis 337 da ZuZumwovrebis 72 saxeoba aWaris

dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli faunis warmomadgenlebis nusxa

msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT mocemulia danarTi 4ndashSi

kintriSis dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130

mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 7 (70)

reptiliebis 10 (41) frinvelebis 96 (28) da ZuZumwovrebis 25 (34)

saxeoba (cxrili 431)

cxrili 431 aWaris faunis calkeuli warmomadgenlebis gadanawileba

msxvili taqsonomiuri erTeulebis mixedviT

klasi

aWara kintriSis dt mtiralas ep

sul

(100) sul sul

FTevzebi 153 20 130 20 130

amfibiebi 10 7 700 4 400

reptiliebi 24 10 410 9 370

116

mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis

20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4

(40) reptiliebis 9 (437) frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37

(51) saxeoba

aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi

saxeobebis sia da konservaciuli statusi mocemulia cxrili 432 da

cxrili 433 ndashSi

aRniSnul monacemebze dayrdnobiT mtiralas erovnuli parkis

teritoriaze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebi

konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli

saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 16 saxeoba

Mertensiella caucasica(VU) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Podiceps

grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU)

Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni

(CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos

Linnaeus (EN) (sur 431 432) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)

IUCN wiTeli nusxiT (versia 31) daculia faunis 30 saxeoba Cyprinus

carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Bufo

verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia

clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC)

Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus

(LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus

migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni

(VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula

parva (NT) Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra

rupicapra (LC) (cxrili 432 433)

kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da

qrobadi saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa

gadanawilebuli

frivnelebi 337 96 280 104 300

ZuZumwovrebi 72 25 340 37 510

s u l 596 158 260 174 290

117


Salmo fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) (sur 433) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter

brevipes (VU) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU)

Falco naumanni (CR) Falco vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU)

Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN) Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)


carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) (sur 434) Mertensiella caucasica

(VU) (sur 433) Ommatotriton ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia

derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC)

Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT)

Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis

apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC)

Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra

lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)

sur 331 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze dafiqsirebuli mura daTvis

Ursus arctos (marcxniv) da mglisCanis lupus Linnaeus (marjvniv) nakvalevi

118

sur 332 mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze fotoxafangiT

dafiqsirebuli mura daTvi (Ursus arctos)

cxrili 433 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da

qrobadi saxeobebis gadanawileba konservaciuli statusis mixedviT

konservaciuli statusi kintriSis dt Mmtiralas ep

saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006)

1 ndash CR (C2(aI)) -

1 ndash CR (IUCN) 1 ndash CR (IUCN)

1 ndash EN (C2al) 1 ndash EN (C2al)

- 1 ndash EN

(IUCNDI)

1 ndash EN (A2a) 1 ndash EN (A2a)

1 ndash EN (IUCN) 2 ndash EN (IUCN)

1 ndash VU (A1d) 1 ndash VU (A1d)

1 ndash VU (A1e) -

1 ndash VU (B1(bl)) 1 ndash VU (B1(bl))

- 1 - VU (B2a)

6 ndash VU (DI) 7 ndash VU (DI)

1 ndash VU (IUCN) 1 ndash VU (IUCN)

sul 15 17

119

IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)

2 ndash EN

(A2bcde+3bcde+4bcde)

2 ndash EN

(A2bcde+3bcde+

4bcde)

22 - LC 22 - LC

- 1 ndash VU

(A2ce+3ce+4ce)

- 1 ndash EN

(Blab(Iiii)

1 ndash EN (B2ab(iiiiiv) 1 ndash EN

(B2ab(iiiiiv)

7 - NT 7 - NT

1 ndash VU (A2ce) 1 ndash VU (A2ce)

1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU

(B2ab(iiiii)

sul

34 36

120

cxrili 432 aWaris dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi saxeobebis sia da maTi

konservaciuli statusi

saxeobis laTinuri saxelwodeba gavrceleba konservaciuli statusi

mtiralas ep

kintriSis dt

saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa

(2006)


1 2 3 4 5

Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) VU (A2ce)

Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 LC

Salmo fario Linnaeus 1758 VU (A1d)

Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 LC

Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) VU (IUCN) VU ( B2ab(iiiii)

Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) NT

Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) NT

Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 NT

Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) NT

Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky et Vedmederja

1977)

EN (IUCN) EN (B1ab(iiii)

Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) EN (IUCN) EN ( B2ab(iiiiiv)

Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) VU (D1) LC

Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = EN (IUCN D1) VU (A2ce+3ce+4ce)

Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) VU (D1) LC

Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) VU (D1) LC

Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) VU (C2a(ii)

121


1 2 3 4 5

Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 VU (C2a(ii)

Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) VU (D1) LC

Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) NT

Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) NT

Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758)

VU (D1) EN


Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 VU (A2bce+3bce+4bce)

Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 CR (IUCN A2b) LC

Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 NT

Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 VU (D1)

Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784)

VU (D1) LC

Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) VU (D1) LC

Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) NT

Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 VU (B2a) NT

Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 VU (A1e ) LC

Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) CR (C2 (aI)) LC

Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) VU (B1(bI) NT

Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 EN (C2aI) LC

Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) EN (A2a) LC

- 121 -








- 1 ndash EN (IUCNDI)




1 ndash VU (A1e) -


- 1 - VU (B2a)



sul saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxa (2006) 15 17


2 ndash EN


2 ndash EN

(A2bcde+3bcde+4b

cde)

22 - LC 22 - LC

- 1 ndash VU

(A2ce+3ce+4ce)

- 1 ndash EN (Blab(Iiii)


(B2ab(iiiiiv)

7 - NT 7 - NT


1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii) 1 ndash VU (B2ab(iiiii)

sul IUCN wiTeli nusxa (versia 31)

34 36

- 122 -

sur 433 kavkasiuri salamandara (Mertensiella caucasica) mtiralas erovnul parkSi

sur 434 kalmaxi (Salmo trutta) kintriSis dacul teritoriebze

- 123 -

mtiralas erovnuli parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis

saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) statusiT daculi iSviaTi da qrobadi

saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli

monitoringis da kintriSis daculi teritoriebis administraciis

yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo (20082009201020112012)

dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli

nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-dan 2012 wlisaTvis

Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi Lutra lutra 15-17

erTeuli mura daTvi Ursus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeli Canis lupus10

erTeulamde kverna Martes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri ciyvi

Sciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde (cxrili 434)

cxrili 434 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli bunebis dacvis


saxeobebis ricxovnobis maCveneblebi (kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da

mtiralas erovnuli parkis monitoringis samsaxuris monacemebze

dayrdnobiT)

cxovelis saxeoba

IUCN statusi raodenoba (erTeuli) mtiralas ep kintriSis dt

arCvi Rupicapra

rupicapra

LC ver 31 Pop

trend unknown

2010 weli

2012 weli

2010 weli

2012 weli

91 112 170 170 (200)

wavi Lutra

lutra

NT ver 31 Pop

trend decreasing

15 32 135 135(150)

mura daTvi

Ursus arctos

LC ver 31 Pop

trend stable

95 83 80 86

mgeli Canis

lupus

LC ver 31 Pop

trend stable

16 27

5 5

kverna Martes

foina M

martes

LC ver 31) Pop

trend stable

160 168 145 155

kavkasiuri ciyvi Sciurus

anomalus

LC ver 31 165 265 72 75

- 124 -

Tavi V - tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis bunebrivi regeneraciis

kanonzomierebebi aWaris dacul teritoriebze

51 wablis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba

dasavleT saqarTvelos wablnarebSi Sqeris qvetyiT tyis bunebrivi

ganaxleba mimdinareobs aradamakmayofileblad asea ZlierbganviTarebuli

qvetyiani saburvelSekrulobis maRali saSualo da dabali sixSiris tyis

koromebSi yvela SemTxvevaSi wablis mozardis xnovaneba ver aRwevs 5-10

wels da ganaTebis ukmarisobis gamo iRupeba (a gedeniZe 1957 Ш Хидашели

В Папунидзе З Манвелидзе 1990 z manveliZe n memiaZe l gorgilaZe 2004) (П

Исинский 1968) wablis ganaxlebas xels uSlis agreTve pirutyvis

intensiuri Zoveba ris gamoc zogjer wablis aRmonaceni mTlianad

nadgurdeba

wablis intensiuri nayofmsxmoiarobaA iwyeba 50-60 wlis asakidan

rodesac koromebSi mTavrdeba intensiuri TviTgamoxSirvis procesi (g

gigauri 1963) aseTi koromebisaTvis ocdaaT wliani egzemplarebis Zlieri

daCrdilvis gamo damaxasiaTebelia meore Taobis susti formireba

marTalia wabli Crdilis amtani mcenarea magram rogorc wesi aseT

koromebSi mozardi aRwevs 04-05 m simaRles 3-6 wlis asakSi wablis

aRmonacenisa da mozardis Semdgom ganviTarebaze cudad moqmedebs ielis

(Rhododendron luteum) qvetye romlis 07-08 saburvelis Sekrulobisas

aRmonacenis raodenoba 5-7 jer naklebia vidre qvetyis ararsebobisas

5 wlis ganmavlobaSi wablis TviTnaTesis raodenoba erT haqtarze 2-4

aTasidan 100-400 calamde mcirdeba (С Соколов 1952)

wablis bunebrivi ganaxleba bevradaa damokidebuli Teslis xarisxze

mas xSirad azianeben mwerebi - gansakuTrebiT nayofWamiebi (Balaninus elephas

da Carpo-capsa reamurana) romlebic anadgureben nayofis 30-50-s xSiria

agreTve Teslis aRmocenebis dabalunarianoba i abaSiZis (1952)

monacemebiT am TvalsazrisiT wablis arasaimedo Teslis raodenoba

- 125 -

mosavlis 465 -s Seadgens amave dros misi 337 modis amonayrebiT

warmoSobil koromebze maT Soris kargi nayofmsxmoiarobiT mxolod I-II

generaciis koromebi gamoirCeva

wablnarebSi 1-2 wliani aRmonacenis raodenoba damokidebulia aseve

wvrili mRrRnelebis frinvelebis da zogierTi Cliqosani gareuli

cxovelis populaciebis simravleze Semodgoma-zamTris da gazafxulis

periodSi isini zogjer wablis nayofsa da aRmonacens (Соколов 1952

Исинский 1968 Хуторцев 1980) mTlianad anadgureben tyis faunas pirvel

rigSi anadgureben msxvil Teslebs rac wablis seleqciaze uaryofiTad

moqmedebs cxovelebis gadarCenili wvrili Teslidan susti aRmonaceni

viTardeba da advilad iRupeba (Тугуши 1980) wablis ganaxlebaze

arasaxarbielo gavlenas axdens agreTve Znelad xrwnadi Sqeris foTlebis

mkvdari safari (Соколов 1952) zemoT CamoTvlili mizezebis gamo wablis

TesliT ganaxleba gansakuTrebiT amonayriT warmoSobis wablnarebSi

erT-erT aqtualur problemad rCeba aucilebelia aWaris maRali

warmadobis wablnari koromebis SenarCunebisa da aRdgenis kompleqsuri

RonisZiebebis dasaxvis TvalsazrisiT aucilebelia bunebrivi ganaxlebis

msvlelobis obieqturi Sefaseba saamisod unda gaviTvaliswinoT

anTropogenuri da zemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebis zemoqmedeba

sxvadasxva tipis wablnarebSi wablisa da sxva tyis Semqmneli

merqniani mcenareebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobisa da aRmonacen-

mozardis simaRlobrivi jgufebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb Cveni kvlevis

Sedegebi daculi teritoriebis mixedviT mocemulia cxrili 511 -Si

wablis tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavlis

Sedegebma gviCvena rom wablis mozardis SenarCuneba ZiriTadad

SeiniSneba TesliT warmoSobis 06-07 sixSiris wablnarebSi ielis qvetyis

saSualo da susti ganviTarebiT (sf1) Zlier ganviTarebuli maradmwvane

qvetyis mqone maRali saburvelSekrulobis wablnarebSi wablis mozardi

rogorc wesi ar viTardeba amis mizezi isaa rom amonayari aseT

pirobebSi cocxlobs mxolod 2-3 weliwads da susti ganaTebis gamo ver

- 126 -

viTardeba da iRupeba aseTive pirobebSi asakobrivi da simaRleSi zrdis

susti diferencireba SeiniSneba agreTve sxva merqniani saxeobebis (wifeli

rcxila) mozardzec (sf2 sur511) analogiuri Sedegebi iqna

dafiqsirebuli dabali sixSiris magram amave dros maradmwvane qvetyis

Zlieri ganviTarebis pirobebSi (sf3 sur512) amave dros koromis mTavari

saburvelis SemadgenlobaSi naZvis umniSvnelo monawileobis SemTxvevaSic

ki naZvis mozardi wablis tyis tipSi xasiaTdeba SedarebiT ganviTarebuli

simaRlobrivi da xnovanebiTi struqturiT vidre wablisa gansakuTrebiT

es kargadaa gamoxatuli 07-08 sixSiris koromebSi (sf 2)

ase magaliTad TesliT warmoSobil wablnarebSi ielis safariT sadac

naZvi koromebis SemadgenlobaSi monawileobs erTeulis saxiT (sf 2)

naZvis mozardis diferenciacia simaRleSi damajereblad gansxvavdeba

wablis mozardisagan rac gamoixateba imaSi rom gt 51 sm simaRlobriv

jgufSi procentulad ufro meti raodenobiT naZvis mozardi gadadis

TesliT warmoSobis wablnarebis amonayriT warmoSobil wablnarebSi

gadasvla uaryofiTad moqmedebs Tavdapirvel cenotur Semadgenlobasa da

mis bioekologiur mdgradobaze bunebriv cenozebSi mravali wlis

manZilze Camoyalibebuli saxeobrivi Semadgenlobis wonasworobis dacva

warmoadgens mTavar RonisZiebas wablnarebis gavrcelebis zeda sazRvrebis

stabilizaciis TvalsazrisiT

wablis mozardis simaRleTa jgufebis mixedviT ganawileba rogorc

samodelo nimuSebiT davadgineT mWidro kavSirSia xnovanebasTan

sxvadasxva bonitetSi wablnarebis mozardis saSualo simaRleebi

gviCvenebs xnovanebis gansxvavebebs

Cvens mier Seswavlili TesliT warmoSobili Sqeris qvetyiani

wablnarebis mozardis saSualo Sewonili simaRle saburvelis 07

sixSiris pirobebSi kintriSis dacul teritoriaze Seadgens 045 metrs

(sf 1-saTvis) aseTi mozardis xnovaneba (cxrili 512) Seadgens 4 wels

xolo sf 2-ze es sidideebi 08 saburvelis Sekrulobis pirobebSi

Sesabamisad Seadgenen 028 metrs da 3 wels

- 127 -

sur 511 wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT

sur 512 wablnar-wiflnari (Castaneto Fagetumum rhododendrosum) maradmwvane qvetyis Zlieri ganviTarebiT da susti bunebrivi ganaxlebiT

128

cxrili 511

aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis

mixedviT

D

daculi teritoria

sf

simaRlzd(m)

eqspozicia

ferdobis daxriloba

(gradusi) tyis tipi warmoSoba xnovaneba (weli)

boniteti

koromis Semadgen-loba

qvetyis dafaruloba

() sixSire

aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba cali 1 ha-ze

ganaxlebis Sefaseba

(Гулисашвили

1956)

saxeoba

1-10sm

11-30sm

31-50sm

gt 51

sul

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

1

850 sd 15-20

Castanetum

azaleosum TesliTi

81-100 I-II

10wb+rc+nZ

20

06-07

wabli

1600

40

23600

578

7200

176

8400

206

40800

100

saukeTeso

sul

1600

40

23600

578

7200

176

8400

206

40800

100

129


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

2

980

Crd

20-250

Castanetum

rhododen-

drosum

TesliTi

100-120

II-III

8wb1wf

1rcx+nZ

45

07-08

wabli

850

168

1400

277

2020

400

780

155

5050

100

susti

wifeli

-

-

320

299

-

-

750

701

1070

100

rcxila

-

-

120

632

-

-

70

368

190

100

naZvi

-

-

60

375

-

-

100

625

160

100

sul

850

131

1900

294

2020

312

1700

263

6470

100

130


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mmtiralas erovnuli

parki 3

560 Crd 15-200

Castanetum

rhododen-

drosum TesliTi

120 II

9wb1Tx+rcx+wf 70

05

wabli

80

79

560

555

150

149

220

217

1010

100

Zlier susti

wifeli

-

-

70

292

-

-

170

708

240

100

rcxila

-

-

160

470

70

206

110

324

340

100

sul 80

50

790

500

210

133

500

317

1580

100

Mmtiralas erovnuli

parki 4

800 samxdas 25-30-400

Castanetum

rubosum TesliTi

90 III

7wb+2wf1Tx +rcx 80

04

wabli

-

-

-

-

70

368

120

632

190

100

Zlier susti

wifeli

-

-

140

341

210

512

60

147

410

100

sul -

-

140

233

280

467

180

300

600

100

- 131 -

rogorc vxedavT qvetyis mcire proeqciuli dafarulobisa miuxedavad

mozardis saSualo xnovaneba da simaRle maRali saburvelSekrulobis

koromebSi SedarebiT dabalia vidre saSualo saburvelSekrulobis

koromebSi aqedan gamomdinare maRali saburvelSekrulobis koromebSi

ferxdeba maRal asakobriv jgufSi wablis aRmonacenis zrda-ganviTareba da

axali mozardi mcenare iRupeba

cxrili 512 sxvadasxva xnovanebis wablis mozardis simaRlis monacemebi

mtiralas erovnuli parkis wablnarebSi Sqeris da mayvlis qvetye 04-

05 sixSiriT (sf 3-4) aris warmodgenili ris gamoc wablis aRmonaceni

pirvelive wels iRupeba ise rom misi simaRle Sesabamisad 21 da 17 wlis

asakSi 033 da 030-025 m-s ar aRemateba

tyis koromebis bioekologiuri mdgradobis obieqturi Sefasebis

kriteriums warmoadgens bunebrivi ganaxlebis procesi wablnarebSi

wablisa da Crdilis amtani merqniani saxeobebis bunebrivi ganaxlebis

msvlelobis Sesafaseblad gamoviyeneT v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956)

bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalebi

boniteti

mozardis

xnovaneba (weli )

mozardis simaRlis statistikuri

maxasiaTeblebi

M saS

metri

Mm

metri

nimuSebis

raodenoba

1 2 3 4 5

maRali

bonitetis

wablnarebSi

(ielis qvetyiT)

1 0-10 002 3

2 11-30 003 3

3 31-50 004 3

5 50 da gt 006 6

saSualo

bonitetis

wablnarebSi

(Sqeris qvetyiT)

2 0-10 002 3

3 11-30 003 3

4 31-50 004 3

7 50 da gt 006 6

- 132 -

v gulisaSvilis (Гулисашвили 1956) skalis mixedviT ki sf 1 ndash

saukeTeso sf 2 - sustia wablnarebSi Sqerisa da mayvlis safariT - sf

3-4 ndash Zlier sustia

aWaris dacul teritoriebze wablnaris ZiriTad formaciebSi

ganaxlebis msvleloba aradamakmayofilebelia amis mizezia adamianis

sameurneo zemoqmedeba Zvirfasi merqnis gamo wlebis ganmavlobaSi xeebi

iWreboda maRali sixSiris koromebi gameCxerda wablis adgilebi daikava

mayvlisa da Sqeris maRalma safarma amasTan tyeSi ZiriTadad darCa

dabali Rirsebis (gadaberebuli TavRori fautiani) da sxva xeebi

romlebic Teslis arasakmaris raodenobas iZlevian amave dros bevrs

daqveiTebuli aqvs aRmocenebis unari

aWaris wablis tyeebis zeda sazRvrebis stabilurobis

SesanarCuneblad unda aRikveTos wablnarebis sixSiris daqveiTeba raTa

wablis tyis sartyelSi ar dairRves TesliT aRmocenebuli wablnarebis

transformireba mravaljeradi generaciis amonayriTi warmoSobis

wablnarebad amiT Tavidan avicilebT wablnarebis cvlas iaffasiani tyis

Semqneli saxeobebiT (xidaSeli papuniZe 1976 Манвелидзе 1990) an rac ufro

xSir SemTxvevaSi xdeba wablnarebis sruli degradacia da maradmwvane

qvetyis (pontos Sqeri wyavi) Zlier ganviTarebiT ganusazRvreli vadiT

wydeba wablis Semdgomi bunebrivi ganaxleba

52 wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxleba

saqarTveloSi wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi ganaxlebisa da

Teslmsxmoiarobis sakiTxebi ganxilulia v gulisaSvilis 1974 v

mirzaSvilis da g gigauris 1987 t baxsolianis 1968 m svaniZisa 1998 da

sxvaTa SromebSi

aRniSnuli avtorebis monacemebiT wiflis Teslis gaRiveba

damokidebulia koromSi qvetyis da niadagis balaxeuli safariT

dafarulobis xarisxze koromis sixSireze xolo misi Teslmsxmoiaroba ndash

zRvis donidan absolutur simaRleze mTis ferdobis daqanebaze

eqspoziciaze da sxva faqtorebze gamokvlevebiT gairkva rom Tavisi

gavrcelebis zonaSi wifeli ukeTesad Teslmsxmoiarobs zRvis donidan 1000

- 133 -

ndash 1300 m simaRlis farglebSi xolo wiflis Teslis umetesi raodenoba

gvxvdeba CrdiloeTis eqspoziciis 07 ndash 08 sixSiris koromebSi

cnobilia aseve rom kavkasiis pirobebSi wiflis tyeebSi bunebrivi

ganaxlebis msvleloba aRmonacen-mozardis Semadgenloba mdgomareoba da

xnovanebiTi struqtura gamokidebulia tyis tipebze adgilmdebareobaze

dedasaburvelis sixSireze da ganaxlebis mdgomareobaze Wrebis

Catarebamde (Григорян 2008 Джалилов Сеидов 2007 )

iranis kaspiispira regionSi xeluxlebel naxevradmaradmwvane Sereul

tyeebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) dominantobiT wiflis

bunebrivi ganaxlebis intensivoba damokidebulia gadaberebuli xeebis

Cavardnis xarjze warmoSobili fanjris zomaze (163 m2-dan 1683 m2-de) da

ganaxlebis procesebis dawyeba da ganviTareba emTxveva pirvelyofili

tyeebis ganviTarebis sawyis da bolo stadiebs (Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari

Bahram Delfan Namiranian Manuchehr 2005)

rekreaciul datvirTvebs daqvemdebarebul subtropikul

biogeocenozebSi aRmosavluri wiflis (Fagus orientalis) ganaxlebis procesSi

mozardis monawileobis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi

pirdapir damokidebulebaSia niadagis fizikur Tvisebebze

adgilsamyofelis tipze da mkvdari safaris biomasaze (Щербина 2007)

mtiralas erovnuli parkisa da kintriSis dacul teritoriebze

wiflnarebis tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis msvlelobas mniSnelovnad gansa-

zRvravs mTavari saburvelis Sekrulobis xarisxi qvetyisa da balaxovani

safris proeqciuli dafarulobis mixedviT Cvens mier wiflnarebis ZiriTad

formaciebSi lentiseburi da baqnebis mixedviT gamoiyo sxvadasxva sididis

6 sanimuSo farTobi sadac simaRleTa jgufebad miRebuli iqna 05 06-15 da

15 metrze meti wiflis TesliT aRmonaceni - mozardi miRebuli monacemebi

gadayvanilia 1 ha-ze da Sedarebulia v gulisaSvilis (В Гулисашвили 1956)

tyis bunebrivi ganaxlebis Sefasebis skalasTan (daviTaZe 2013)

sakvlevi teritoriebi bunebrivi regeneraciis Zlier susti intensivobiT

xasiaTdeba yvela maradmwvane qvetyian wiflnarSi qvetyis 60 da meti

proeqciuli dafarulobis pirobebSi (sur 521) tyis mTavari saburvelis

Semqmneli saxeobebis aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze

- 134 -

meryeobs 1845-3310 calis farglebSi da maTi ZiriTadi wili modis 05 m-ze

naklebi simaRlis mozardze (cxrili 521 sf 15)

dacul teritoriebze damakmayofilebeli bunebrivi ganaxlebiT

xasiaTdeba wiflnar-rcxilnari ielis safriT 30-iani dafarulobis

SemTxvevaSi Tu aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba 1 ha-ze aRemateba

11490-13690 cals (sf 37) amave dros maradmwvane qvetyian asociaciebTan

SedarebiT saburvelis 07 Sekrulobis pirobebSi simaRlis struqturaSi

ikveTeba aRmonacen-mozardis ukeTesi diferencireba kerZod 06-15 m

simaRlis mozardis saer-To raodenoba wiflnar-rcxilnar asociaciebSi

mayvlis da sxva buCqebis proeqciuli dafarulobiT 50-s aRwevs es tyis

Semdgomi regeneraciis dasawyisisaTvis damaimedebel pirobebs qmnis

sur 521 wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum asaleosum) damakmayofilebeli

bunebrivi ganaxlebiT

135

cxrili 521

aWaris dacul teritoriebze wiflnari asociaciebis aRmonacen-mozardis ganawileba simaRleTa jgufebis

mixedviT

daculi

teritoria

sf

asociacia

simaRlzd(m)

eqspozicia

ferdobis

daxriloba

(gradusi)

Kkoromis

Semadgenloba

qvetyis

dafaruloba ()

saburvelis

Sekruloba

sixSire

aRmonacen-mozardis raodenoba

cali 1 ha-ze

ganaxlebis

Sefaseba

saxeoba

lt05

06-15

gt15

sul

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

1

Fagetum

rhododendrosum

920

Crd das

250

10wf+wb

60

09

07

wf

2300

730

700

222

150

48

3150

100

susti rc

-

-

120

75

40

25

160

100

sul

2300

695

820

248

190

57

3310

100

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

2

Fagetum rubosum

860

Crd

200

10wf+rcx+

+ccx

20

06

06

wf

8800

259

16800

494

8400

247

34000

100

kargi rcx

50

169

170

576

75

255

295

100

sul

8850

258

16970

495

8475

247

34295

100

136


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

3

Fagetum- Carpine-

to azalesum

1223

Crd

250

8wf+2rcx

30

09

07

wf

rcx

3100

233

280

718

6800

511

110

282

3400

256

-

-

13300

100

390

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 3380

247

6910

505

3400

248

13690

100

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

4

Fagetum festuco-

sum

1780

samx aRm

350

10wf+rcx

+nk

20

06

05

wf

rcx

5370

303

320

615

8650

488

130

250

3700

209

70

135

17720

100

520

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 5690

312

8780

481

3770

207

18240

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

5

Fagetum

rhododendrosum 875

Crd das

150

10wf+wb

60

09

07

wf

rcx

1500

893

50

303

180

107

70

424

-

-

45

273

1680

100

165

100

susti sul 1550

840

250

135

45

25

1845

100

137


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

6

Fagetum rubosum

900

Crd

200

10wf+rcx+

+ccx

20

06

06

wf

rcx

8800

259

120

414

16800

494

80

276

8400

247

90

310

34000

100

290

100

kargi

sul 8920

182

16880

348

8490

176

34290

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

7

Fagetum -Carpine-

to azalesum

1100

Crd

300

7wf3rcx+wb

30

08

07

wf

rcx

2200

193

70

778

5800

509

20

222

3400

298

-

-

11400

100

90

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 2270

197

5820

507

3400

296

11490

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

8

Fagetum

rhododendrosum 380

Crd das

250

8wf2rcx+Tx

70

06

04

wf

rcx

200

741

80

727

70

259

30

273

-

-

-

-

270

100

110

100

Zlier susti

sul

280

737

100

263

-

-

380

100

138

mtiralas erovnul parkSi bunebrivi ganaxlebis mimdinareoba da

mozard-aRmonacenis simaRlobrivi struqturis kargi SefasebiT gamoirCeva

asociaciebi wiflnari mayvlis 20-iani safris pirobebSi sadac

aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 34290 cals (sf6) misi

ZiriTadi wili modis 06-15 m-ze - 16880 cali xolo kintriSis dacul

teritoriebze wiflnari mTis wivanas safariT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis

saerTo raodenoba aRwevs 18240 cals Sesabamisad 06-15 m simaRlis

mozardis monawileoba Seadgens 8780 cals (sf4)

mtiralas erovnul parkSi saburvelis 06 Sekrulobis pirobebSi

Zlier susti ganaxlebis procesebiT da dabali simaRlis mozardiT

xasiaTdeba wiflnarebi gvimris safriT sadac aRmonacen-mozardis saerTo

raodenoba Seadgens 380 cals 1 ha-ze gt 15 m mozardis ararsebobiTY an maTi

mcire monawileobiT analogiuri bunebrivi ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba

wiflnari asociaciebi Sqeris qvetyis 60-ni dafarulobis pirobebSi rac

gamowveulia maTi sixSiriT ris gamoc niadagSi Tesli iSviaTad xvdeba

xolo moxvedris SemTxvevaSi SezRudulia aRmocenebisaTvis saWiro garemo

pirobebi

aWaris wiflnari tyis ZiriTad formaciebSi tyeebis bunebrivi

ganaxlebis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia bunebriv struqtu-

radaurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potencialuri

SesaZleblobebi bunebrivi regeneraciisa da saxeobrivi mravalferovnebis

mdgradobis SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT

139

daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi

1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis

orografiuli klimaturi da niadagobrivi pirobebi kerZod reliefis

Zlieri danawevreba subtropikuli Tbili da zomierad civi hava bunebriv-

istoriulad qmnis xelsayrel pirobebs metad nairferovani floristuli

elementebis Camoyalibebis SenarCunebisaTvis da ganviTarebisaTvis


Tanamedrove mcenareulobis sruli formireba (iseve rogorc mTlianad

saqarTveloSi) moxda Sua holocenis pirveli naxevris atlantur

periodSi rodesac stabilurad daiwyo havis daTboba da yinvebis dadnoba

kolxeTis dablobebze gabatonda farTofoTlovani tyeebi ndash murynarebi

mTis wina kalTebze-muxnarebi wablnarebi mTis qvemo sartyelSi

ganviTarda tipiuri kolxuri Sereuli farTofoTlovani tyeebi (wifely

wablircxila muxa cacxvi) mTis zeda sartyelSi gabatonda soWnarebi

naZvnarebi soWnar-naZvnarebi wiflnar-naZvnarebi subalpuri sartyeli

daikava dekam ielma da maRalmTis mdeloebma tyis Semqmneli merqniani

saxeobebis vertikaluri zonaloba dominant saxeobebis mier tyis

sartylianobam gamokveTili saxe miiRo Sua holocenis subborealur

(aciveba da tenianobis mateba) periodSi rodesac aRiniSneba wiflis

arealis swrafi gafarToeba da grZeldeboda gvian holocenSic exlandeli

qobuleTis dablobze ki vrcel farTobebs ikavebda murynarebi da Sereuli

farTofoTlovani subtropikuli tyeebi ndash wiflis wablis Zelqvis


3 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis zRvi-

sken moqceuli ferdobebis mcenareuli safaris ganviTareba mas Semdeg rac

miocenis dasawyisSi igi zRvisgan ganTavisuflda mimdinareobda iseve

rogorc yvelgan saqarTveloSi kerZod dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare

geoqronologiuri periodebis mixedviT gansxvaveba mdgomareobs imaSi rom

iq igrZnoboda Savi zRvis siaxlove misi gavlena zRvispira dsa SidamTian

140

Tbil klimatze subtropikuli mcenareulobis Camoyalibebaze da


4 geomorfologiuri da klimaturi procesebis Sedegad garesamyaro-

sagan mniSvnelovanma izolirebam aWaris dacul teritoriebSi reliqturi

flora da mcenareuloba Semogvinaxa magram amave dros uZvelesi floris

sxva olqebTan aqtiuri florogenetikuri kavSirebi SezRuda




- tyis sartyeli 200 m - 2000-2100 m zd

- Sereuli kolxuri tye 150 m-dan 550-600 m-mde

- wablnari 550-600 m-dan 1150-1200 m-mde

- wiflnari 1150-1200 m-dan 2000-2100 m-mde

- Sqeriani (azonaluria)

- subalpuri sartyeli 2000-2100 m-dan 2300-2350 m-mde

- subalpebis tyeebi 2000-2100 m-dan 2200-2250 m-mde

- subalpebis buCqnarebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde

- subalpuri maRalbalaxeuloba 1950-2000 m-dan 2200 m-mde

- subalpebis mdeloebi 2100 m-dan 2350 m-mde

kintriSis daculi teritoriebisagan gansxvavebiT mtiralas erovnul

parkSi subalpuri sartyeli ar aris

6 Sereuli kolxuri tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da

maRali konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi

fitocenozebis ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)

- rcxilnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Carpinetum rhododendrosum)

-wiflnar-wablnar-rcxilnarebi Sqeris qvetyiT (Fageto-Castaneto-

Carpinetum rhododendrosum)

- rcxilnari bzis qvetyiT (Carpinetum buxosum)

141

7 wablis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali

konservaciuli Rirebulebebi fitocenozebis jgufebi fitocenozebis

ZiriTadi tipebi (asociaciebi)

- wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Castanetum rhododendrosum)

- wiflnar-rcxilnar-wablnari Sqeris qvetyiT Fageto-Carpineto-Castanetum

rhododendrosum

- wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)

- rcxilnar-wablnari wyavis qvetyiT (Carpineto-Castanetum laurocerasosum)

- wablnari mkvdari safariT (Castanetum nudum)

- wablnari wivanas safariT (Castanetum-festucosum)

- wablnari anCxlas safariT (Castanetum trachystemosuum)

foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wablnarebidan

- wablnari mocvis qvetyiT (Castanetum arctostaphylosum)

- wablnari ielis qvetyiT (Castanetum azaleosum)

Aaqve gvxvdeba formaciebi muryanis aqtiuri monawileobiT murynari

(Alnetum matteuccioso-rubosum)

8 wiflis tyis qvesartyelSi Cvens mier gamoiyo iSviaTi da maRali



- wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendrosum)

- soWnar-wiflnari Sqeris qvetyiT (Abieto-Fagetum rhododendrosum)

- wiflnari wyavis qvetyiT (Castsnetum laurocerasosum)

- wiflnari Sqeris da wyavis qvetyiT (Fagetum rhododendroso-

laurocerasosum)

- arynar-wiflnari dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto-Fagetum caucasico-

rhododendrozum)

foTolmcveni (zafxulmwvane) qvetyiani wiflnarebidan

- wiflnari mocvis qvetyiT (Fagetum arctostaphylosum)

- wiflnari ielis qvetyiT (Fagetum azaleosum)

- wiflnari Zaxvelis qvetyiT (Fagetum viburnosum)

142

- wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Fagetum rubosum)

- wablnar-rcxilnar-wiflnari mayvlis qvetyiT (Castaneto- Carpineto

Fagetum rubosum

- wiflnari gvimris safariT (Fagetum filicicosum)

Mmkvdar da balaxovan safarian wiflnarebidan gvxvdeba

- wiflnari mkvdarsafriani (Fagetum nudum)

- wiflnari anCxlas safariT (Fagetum trachystemosum)

- wiflnari xarisSublas safariT (Fagetum seneciosum)

- wiflnari marcvlovan-nairbalaxovani (Fagetum graminoso-mixtoherbosum)

- wiflnari wivanas safariT (Fagetum festucosum)

- wiflnari wmaRalbalaxovani safariT (Fagetum altherbosum)

biomravalferovnebiT gamorCeulad maRali maxasiaTeblebis mqone

formacia ldquoSqerianirdquo Fagetum mixtofruticosum~ romelic mtiralas

erovnuli parkis garkveul monakveTebze warmodgenilia 1-ha

farTobze 35-mde merqnian mcenareTa dajgufefbebiT maradmwvane

saxeobebis xe-magvari formebiT da endemur saxeobebis pontouri

muxis (Quercus pontica) ungernis Sqeris (Rhododendron ungernii) da epiges

(Epigaea gaultherioides) aqtiuri monawileobiT

9 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis subalpuri tyeebi warmodgenilia

Semdegi formaciebiT subalpuri tanbrecilebi subalpuri meCxeri tyiTa da

dekianiT aq mesameuli mezofiluri dendrofloris warmomadgenlebTan

erTad aseve Tavmoyrilia kavkasiis saqarTvelosa kolxeTisa da aWaris

endemebi medvedevis aryi (Betula medwedewii) romelic litvinovis aryTan

erTad qmnis fitocenotur dajgufebebs arynars dekas qvetyiT (Betuleto

caucasico - rhododendrosum) da arynars subalpuri maRalbalaxovnebiT

(Betuletum altherbosa subalpina) pontouri muxa (Quercus pontica) (imeruli

xeWreli) Rhamnus imeretina kolxuri Wyori (Ilex colchica) biberSteinis mocxari

(Ribes biebersteinii) da sxva

10 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris inventarizaciis

literaturuli da Cveni savele muSaobis Sedegad dadginda rom igi

143

warmodgenilia 894 saxeobiT romlebic 116 ojaxis 396 gvarSi erTiandebian

maT Soris gvimranairia 29 saxeoba-32 romlebic erTiandebian 13 ojaxsa

da 18 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -6 saxeoba-06 romlebic aq

warmodenilni arian 3 ojaxiT da 2 gvariT da farulTeslovani 100

ojaxisa da 572 gvariT warmodgenili 861 saxeoba-963


Poaceae-67 Rosaceae-59 Fabaceae-48 Scrophyllariaceae-42 Caryophyllaceae-41 Apiaceae-38

Lamiaceae-37 Boraginaceae-23 Brassicaceae-23 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis

555 - s Seadgens



Euphorbia-10 Centaurea Rubus-9 Hypericum Ranunculus Geranium Lathyrus Scrophularia

Senecio Cardamine-8

sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT kintriSis daculi teritoriebis


Soris xe- 36 (4) buCqi-55 (61) liana-5 (06) saxeoba rac

fanerofitebisaTvis maRali maCvenebelia

mravalferovania kintriSis daculi teritoriebis floris saxeoba-

Ta geografiuli speqtri romelSic warmodgenilia ZiriTadi kolxuri da

gardamavali kolxur-kavkasiuri kavkasiur hirkanuli evqsinis jgufebi

mTlianad es jgufi warmodgenilia 193 saxeobiT rac mTeli floristuli

Semadgenlobis elementi rac mTeli floristuli Semadgenlobis 216 -s

Seadgens amaTgan mniSvnelovania kolxuri elementi 156 saxeobiT ara

marto saxeobrivi aramed sasicoxlo formebis didi mravalferovnebT

warmodgenili kolxuri elementi xeobis ZiriTad birTvs Seadgens

kolxuri elementi imdenad Cveulebrivia rom tipiuri magaliTisaTvis

romelime maTganis arCevac ki Znelia isini gavlenas axdenentyis sartylis

didi nawilis floris saerTo Semadgenlobaze kolsuri elementi

gansakuTrebuli mravalferovnebiT mainc subalpur sartyelSia

warmodgenili (107 saxeoba)

yvelaze didi mravalferovnebiT borealuri elementia warmodgenili

398 saxeobiT mTliani floristuli Semadgenlobis 445-s Seadgens

144

romelic ZiriTadad palearqtikuli holartikuli da evropuli

elementebiTaa warmodgenili es kidev erTjer adasturebs rom nakrZalis

flora borealuri floristuli olqis florebs Seesabameba








11 mtiralas erovnuli parkis floris inventarizaciis Sedegad dadginda

rom igi warmodgenilia 522 saxeobiT romlebic 107 ojaxis 306 gvarSi

erTiandebian maT Soris gvimranairia 25 saxeoba romlebic erTiandebian 13

ojaxsa da 16 gvarSi SiSvelTeslovania -1 saxeoba da farulTeslovani

522 saxeoba romlebic 92 ojaxsa da 242 gvarSi erTiandebian

saxeobaTa raodenobis mixedviT wamyvani 10 ojaxia Aateraceae-66 Poaceae-

35 Fabaceae-30 Rosaceae-28 Lamiaceae-27 Brassicaceae-26 Scrophyllariaceae-22 Apiaceae-21

Boraginaceae-16 Caryophyllaceae-13 rac mTeli floris Semadgenlobis 544 - s

Seadgens

saxeobebiT mdidari gvarebia Trifolium-9 Polygonum-7 Rubus -7 Epilobium-6

Hypericum-6 Rumex-5 Stachys-5Vicia-5 Geranium -5 Viola-5 Veroniva-5

sasicocxlo formebis mixedviT mtiralas erovnuli parkis mTliani

floristuli Semadgenlobidan merqniania- 78 (149) saxeoba maT Soris xe-

32 buCqi-43 liana-3 saxeoba rac fanerofitebisaTvis sakmaod maRali

maCvenebelia


mezofiluri floris elementebia romelTagan 20-mde saxeoba maradmwvanea

balaxovania 419 (8026) saxeoba romelTaganac erTwliania-116 (222)

orwlovani-36 (68) mravalwlovani-292 (559) amrigad yvelaze didi

procentiT sasicocxlo formebSi mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenareebia

145

warmodgenili Tumca gabatonebuli da fonis momcemi merqniani saxeobebia




256-s Seadgens 125 saxeobiT warmodgenilia kolxuri elementi rac mTeli

floristuli Semadgenlobis 24-s Seadgens xmelTaSuazRvispirul-

winaaziuri elementisaxeobiT-115 ndash 22 kavkasiuri-67 saxeoba-128 mcire

aziuli -38 saxeoba - 7 -euqsinuri ndash 34 saxeoba-65 sxva elementi-10

saxeoba-19

12 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis mtiralas erovnuli

parkis teritoriaze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi

gavrcelebuli saxeobebidan) amfibiebis 4 (40) reptiliebis 9 (437)

frinvelebis 104 (30) da ZuZumwovrebis 37 (51) saxeoba



grisegena (VU) Pelecanus crispus (EN) Tadorna ferruginea (VU) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila

chrysaetos (VU) Buteo rufinus (VU) Neophron percnopterus (VU) Falco naumanni (CR) Falco

vespertinus (VU) Rhinolophus euryale (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)

Rupicapra rupicapra (EN)



verrucosissimus (NT) Pelodytes caucasicus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum

(EN) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Pelecanus crispus (VU) Tadorna ferruginea (LC) Accipiter

brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis (VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus

cyaneus (NT) Circus aeruginosus (LC) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans (LC)

Neophron percnopterus (EN) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco naumanni (VU) Falco

tinnunculus (LC) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT)

Rhinolophus euryale (NT) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra (LC)

146

13 aWaris faunis reestrze dayrdnobiT dReisaTvis kintriSis dacul

teritoriebze gavrcelebulia Tevzebis 20 (130 mTlianad aWaraSi



kintriSis dacul teritoriebze binadari faunis iSviaTi da qrobadi

saxeobebi konservaciuli statusis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa

gadanawilebuli

saqarTvelos wiTeli nusxiT (2006) daculia faunis 15 saxeoba Salmo

fario (VU) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (VU) Aquila


vespertinus (VU) Tetraogallus caspius (VU) Lutra lutra (VU) Ursus arctos Linnaeus (EN)

Rupicapra rupicapra (EN) Sciurus anomalus (VU) Lynx lynx (CR)


carpio (VU) Salmo labrax (LC) Salmo trutta (LC) Mertensiella caucasica (VU) Ommatotriton

ophryticus (NT) Bufo verrucosissimus (NT) Darevskia derjugini (NT) Darevskia clarkorum (EN)

Vipera kaznakovi (EN) Accipiter brevipes (LC) Aquila chrysaetos (VU) Aquila nipalensis

(VU) Buteo rufinus (LC) Circus cyaneus (NT) Hieraaetus pennatus (NT) Milvus migrans

(LC) Neophron percnopterus (EN) Pernis apivorus (LC) Falco columbarius (VU) Falco

naumanni (VU) Falco tinnunculus (LC) Falco vespertinus (NT) Ficedula parva (NT) Sciurus

anomalus (LC) Lynx lynx (LC) Lutra lutra (NT) Ursus arctos (LC) Rupicapra rupicapra

(LC)

14 Cvens mier ganxorcielebuli monitoringis da kintriSis daculi

teritoriebis administraciis yovelwliur gamocemaze ldquobunebis matianerdquo

(20082009201020112012) dayrdnobiT bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris

(IUCN) wiTeli wiTeli nusxis saxeobebis ricxovnobis zrdis dinamikam 2010-

dan 2012 wlisaTvis Seadgina arCvi Rupicapra rupicapra 20-30 erTeuli wavi

Lutra lutra 15-17 erTeuli mura daTviUrsus arctos6-10 erTeuli mgeliCanis

lupus10 erTeulamde kvernaაMartes foina M martes8-10 erTeuli kavkasiuri

ciyviSciurus anomalus 3 erTeulamde

15 bolo wlebSi aWaris dacul teritoriebze gamovlenil daavadebebs da

mavneblebs Soris gansakuTrebiT sagangaSoa bzis koromebis masobrivi

147

xmoba romelsac iwvevs soko cylindrocladum buxicola wablis qerqis kibo

(Cryphonectria parasitica) da wablis naRmisebri CrCili (Cameraria ohridella deschka)

16 aWaris dacul teritoriebze tyis Semqmneli ZiriTadi saxeobebis

bunebrivi ganaxlebis mdgomareobis Seswavlis Sedegad dadgenilia

struqtura-daurRveveli TviTmyofadi asociaciebis didi potenciuri

SesaZleblobebi

susti da Zlier susti ganaxlebiT xasiaTdeba usistemo Wrebsa da

pirutyvis dauregulirebel Zovebas daqvemdebarebuli muxnarebi da

wablnarebi ndash Sqeris wyavis ielis sakmelis qvetyiT saSualo (05-07) da

maRali (08 da meti) saburvlis Sekrulobis Sqerian wablnarebsa da

rcxilnarebSi ielian da sakmelian muxnarebSi momavali koromebis

Sesaqmnelad aseve aradamakmayofilebelia tyis bunebrivi ganaxleba wablis

muxis da rcxilis nazardis SenarCuneba da met-naklebi diferencireba

simaRlobriv jgufebSi aRiniSneba TesliTi warmoSobis maradmwvane

qvetyian da wivanas safrian wablnarebSi (6450 da 8050 calamde 1 ha-ze)

maradmwvane qvetyian muxnarebSi (14200 calamde 1 ha-ze) ielis qvetyian

rcxilnarebSi (4300 calamde 1 ha-ze) qvetye saSualod da sustadaa

ganviTarebuli

yvela maradmwvane qvetyian maradmwvane buCqebTan Sereulmocvian da

sxva foTolmcven qvetyian mayval-gvimrian wiflnar da naZvnar-soWnar

asociaciebSi bunebrivi ganaxleba Zlier susti intensivobisaa mTis

wivanian da wvrilbalaxovan (CitisTvaian-qristesbeWdian) wiflnarebSi

(18700-27800 calamde 1 ha-ze) bunebrivi ganaxleba damakmayofilebelia


teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan Crdilis

amtania 10 sinaTlis moyvarulia 69 siTbos momTxovnia 58 yinvagamZlea 36

mezofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi saSualo moTxovnilebisaa 23

higrofiti anu niadagis tenianobisadmi momTxovnia 2 saxeoba


teritoriaze warmodgenili merqnian mcenareTa saxeobebidan reliqturebia

148

carcis periodis 1 mesameuli periodis arqtomesameuli 1 tugais 29

qseroTermuli periodis 1 yinulovani periodis 1 poltavis floris 6

19 aWaris daculi teritoriebis Semdgomi mizania veluri bunebis SenarCu-

neba da misi marTva rogorc globaluri mniSvnelobis mqone konservaciis

adgilisa - minimaluri samenejmento CareviT raTa garantirebul iqnes

ekosistemebis funqcionireba ekosistemuri procesebis bunebrivi

mimdinareoba

20 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tradiciuli gamoyenebis da sameurneo

zonaSi tyis mcenareulobis aRdgena-ganaxlebis grZelvadiani miznebis

uzrunvelyofisaTvis aucilebelia kolxeTis regionisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli reliqturi da endemuri saxeobisaTvis zonaluri sanerge

meurneobebisa da sadede plantaciebis mowyoba zRvis donidan sxvadasxva

simaRleze standartuli sargavi masalis warmoeba da maTi perioduli

rtepatriacia struqturadarRveul tyis ekosistemebSi

21 aWaris dacul teritoriebze gavrcelebuli ZiriTadi mavnebel-daavade-

bebis winaaRmdeg brZolis upirveles da gadaudebel RonisZiebebad migvaC-

nia gamxmari xeebis moWra da tyidan gamotana Camocvenili foTlebis

ylortebis Segroveba da dawva an Rrmad Camarxva daavadebul adgilebze

fungicidebis Sesxureba mizanSewonilia Seswavlil iqnes aRniSnuli daava-

debebis ganviTarebis cikli da SemuSavdes maT winaaRmdeg brZolis

efeqturi RonisZiebebi

22 aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis mcenareulobis biologiuri

mravalferovneba saSualebas iZleva ekologiur-saganmanaTleblo

potencialis ufro efeqturi gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT rac upirveles

yovlisa gamoixateba daculi teritoriebis sazRvrebSi turistul-

saganmanaTleblo bilikebis da gadamfren frinvelebze saTvalTvalo

koSkebis qselis gafarToebaSi turistuli SemecnebiTi da

saganmanaTleblo informaciebis ganaxlebaSi uaxloes monacemebze

dayrdnobiT da mis farTod gavrcelebaSi

149

Ggamoyenebuli literatura

1 აბაშიძე 1959 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw I 1959 442

gv

2 აბაშიძე 1962 აბაშიძე ი Dდენდროლოგია თბილისი naw II 1962

442 gv

3 batoniSvili

vaxuSti 1944

batoniSvili vaxuSti aRwera samefoisi

saqarTvelosiTbilisi ganaTleba 1944 315 gv

4 baxsoliani 2002 baxsoliani t saqarTvelos wiflnarebi Tbilisi

2002 280 gv

5 baxsoliani 1968 baxsoliani t md kodoris auzis tyis tipebis

balaxeuli safarisa da bunebrivi ganaxlebis

ganviTarebis xasiaTi Tb satyeo in-tis Sromebi t

XVII moskovi 1968 (rusul enaze)

6 beqaia 1960 bqaia m kintriSis xeobis eTnografiuli

eqspediciis angariSi baTumis samecn-kvl inst

Sro t II gv 32-42

7 biwaZe 2001 biwaZe m ruxaZe a ldquogadaSenebis piras myofi veluri

faunisa da floris saxeobebiT saerTaSoriso

vaWrobis Sesaxeb konvenciisrdquo (CITES) danarTebSi

Setanili saqarTvelos veluri faunisa da floris

saxeobebi Tbilisi 2001

8 bunebis matiane

200820092010

ldquobunebis matianrdquo kintriSis daculi teritoriebis

sainformacio gamocema 200820092010rdquo

9 buxnikaSvili 2012 aWaris faunis reestri Tbilisi 2012 a

buxnikaSvilis redaqtorobiT 709 gv

10 gedevaniSvili 1951 gedevaniSvili d lataria v AaWaris mTa-tyis

yomrali niadagebis kulturuli variantebi

saqarTvelos Sromis wiTeli droSis ordenosani

sasoflo - sameurneo institutis Sromebi Tbilisi

tXXXVI 1951 gv 65-81

11 gogmaCaZe 2009 gogmaCaZe T zosiZe r Jordania r aWaris iSviaTi

da gadaSenebis gzaze mdgomi cxovelebi

Gamomcemloba baTmis universiteti baTumi 2009

150

12 gvariSvili 2002 gvariSvili n baTumis botanikuri baRis bunebrivi

da xelovnuri fitocenozebi avtoreferati

biologiis mecn kandxarisxis mosapoveblad

Tbilisi 2002 31 gv

13 Ggigauri 2005 gigaui g saqarTvelos xeluxlebeli tyeebi

saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis sistemis

Seqmnis zogierTi sakiTxebi gaufrTxildeT tyes

Cvens erovnul simdidres gv 15-18

14 Ggigauri 2000 gigauri g saqarTvelos tyis ekosistemebis

biomravalferov-neba saqrTvelos biologiuri da

landSafturi mravalferov-neba Tbilisi 2000 gv

69-82

15 Ggigauri 1987 gigauri g soWis naZvisa da wiflis mozardis

xnovanebiTi struqtura satyeo in-tis Sromebi

ldquosamTo satyeo meurneobis intensifikaciardquo t XXXV

1987

16 gordelaZe 1970 gordelaZe a kintriSis nakrZali gamomc sabWoTa

aWarardquo gv 2-3

17 gulisaSvili 1952 gulisaSvili v _ tyis mcenareuloba da

saqarTveloSi misi gavrcelebis kanonzomiereba

saq ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis satyeo institutis

Sromebi t IV 6gv 3-23

18 gulisaSvili 1974 gulisaSvili v ndash zogadi metyeveoba ldquoganaTlebardquo

II gamocema Tbilisi 1974

19 daviTaZe 2013 daviTaZe r vasaZe r aWaris dacul teritoriebze

wablnari koromebis bunebrivi ganaxleba tyis

ZiriTad formaciebSi baTumis botanikuri baRis

mniSvneloba mcenareTa mravalferovnebis

SenarCunebaSi saerTaSoriso samecniero-

praqtikuli konferenciis masalebi baTumi gv 53-54

20 daviTaZe 2012a daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis cxovelTa

samyaro saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis

mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo 30 Tbilisi gv

347-351

21 daviTaZe 2012b daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis

foTlovani saxeobebis daavadebebi saqarTvelos

soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis moamberdquo

151

30 Tbilisi gv 352-355

22 daviTaZe 2012g daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebze

mcenareTa gavrceleba ekologiur faqtorTa

zemoqmedebiT aip saqarTvelos agraruli

universiteti radiologiisa da ekologiis

instituti saerTaSoriso samecniero konferenciis

masalebi t VIII Tbilisi gv 192-194

23 daviTaZe 2012d daviTaZe r aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis

mcenareTa tipologia goris suxiSvilis saswavlo

universiteti Tanamedroveobis mecnieruli

sakiTxebi gori gv 234-239

24 daviTaZe 2001 daviTaZe m aWaris adventuri flora gamomcemloba

`baTumis universitetirdquo baTumi 2001 199gv

25 TavarTqilaZe 1983 TavarTqilaZe a aWaris assr ZiriTadi niadagebi

baTumi bdquosabWoTa AaWara~ 1983 112 gv

26 kecxoveli 1935 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareTa ZiriTadi

tipebi gamomcemloba ganaTlebardquo გვ 17-19

27 kecxoveli 1971-2003 kecxoveli n xaraZe a gagniZe r `saqarTvelos

flora~ 1-13 Tbilisi mecniereba 1971-2003

28 kecxoveli 1960 kecxoveli n saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari

Tbilisi saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis

gamomcemloba 1960 441 gv




30 korZaxia 1961 korZaxia m saqarTvelos ssr klimati Tbilisi

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba

1961 249gv

31 leoniZe 1994 leoniZe g tyis mcenareulobis gavlena aWaris

ZiriTad niadagebze `sadisertacio macne~ sofl

meurn mecnkand samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad

Tbilisi 1994 16gv

32 leoniZe 1998 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris naZvnar-soWnarebis

niadagebis Tvisebebi tyis sixSiris

cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT baTumis

botanikuri baRis moambe t 30-31 Tbilisi

~mecniereba~ 1998 gv 163-176

152

33 leoniZe 2003 leoniZe g manveliZe z aWaris Sereuli

subtropikuli tyis sartyelis mcenareulobis

gavlena wiTelmiwa niadagebis ZiriTad Tvisebebze

agraruli mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero

SromaTa krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 21-24

34 manveliZe 1998 manveliZe z varSaniZe n SainiZe a aWaris

subalpuri sartylis umTavresi mcenareuli

formaciebis zeda sazRvrebis dinamikis Sesaxeb

baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi

(sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebaTa seria) t 2

baTumi gv 173-181

35 manveliZe 1988 manveliZe z leoniZe g wiTelmiwa niadagebis

fizikuri Tvise-bebis Seswavla mcenareuli safaris

cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos

botanikuri baRebis meore axalgazrduli

respublikuri sesiis Tezisebi Tbilisi 1988 gv 12-

13

36 manveliZe 2003 manveliZe z leoniZe g aWaris subalpuri

sartylis mcenare-ulobis gavlena mTa-tyemdelos

niadagebis ZiriTad Tvise-bebze agraruli

mecnierebis problemebi (samecniero SromaTa

krebuli) 2003 XXIV gv 24-28

37 manveliZe 2004 manveliZe z memiaZe n gorgilaZe l formacia

wiflnarebi (Fageta) zRvispira aWaraSi agraruli


krebuli) t XXVII 2004 gv 33-37

38 memiaZe 2004 memiaZe n aWaris endemuri floris

mravalferovneba avtoreferati biologiis mecn

kandidatis xarisxis mosapoveblad q Tbilisi 2004

59 gv

39 memiaZe 1970 memiaZe v masalebi kintriSis xeobis florisa da

mcenareulobis Sesaxeb aWaris flora da

mcenareulobardquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis

moambet15) Tbilisi gv 35-38

40 memiaZe 1971 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis adventure flora

mcenareTa introduqcia da aklimatizaciardquo

(botanikuri baRis moambe t16) gv 25-28

41 memiaZe 1973 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis bunebrivi pirobebi

153

subtropikuli egzotikebis introduqcia-

aklimatizacia aWaraSirdquo (baTumis botanikuri baRis

moambe t 18) gv 12-15

42 memiaZe 1967 memiaZe v kintriSis xeobis botanikuri

Taviseburebani Tbilisis botanikis institutis

axalgazrda mecnier-muSakTa samecniero

konferencia moxsenebaTa Semoklebuli teqstebi

tomi V gv 5-8

43 mirzaSvili 1964 mirzaSvili v gigauri g aRmosavleT wiflis

zrdis xasiaTi da misi Wris optimaluri xnovanebis

dasabuTeba satyeo in-tis Sromebi t XIII moskovi

1964 (rusul enaze)

44 naxucriSvili 2000 naxucriSvili g saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebi

saqarTvelos biologiuri da landSafTuri

mravalferovneba Tbilisi 2000 gv 43-68

45 naxucriSvili 1971 naxucriSvili g centraluri kavkasionis

maRalmTis balaxovani mcenareebis da

fitocenozebis ekologia Tbilisi `mecniereba~

1971 200 gv




47 papuniZe 2000 papuniZe v manveliZe z aWaris tyeebis

biomravalferovneba da maTi ekologiuri roli

ekologiis problemebi Tbilisi gamomceloba

ldquoteqnikuri universitetirdquo 2000 gv110-119

48 sabaSvili 1965 sabaSvili m saqarTvelos niadagebi Tbilisi

mecniereba 1965 552 gv

49 saxokia 1985 saxokia T - mogzaurobani (aWara guria

samurzayano afxazeTi) ldquosabWoTa aWarardquo baTumi

gv 267-281

50 svaniZe 2003 svaniZe m tyis tipebis dadgenisa da gamoyofis

bunebrivi kretireumebi gamomc `gulani~ 2003 gv 6-

40

51 svaniZe 1998 svaniZe m saqarTvelos wiflis tyeebis bunebrivi

ganaxlebis Taviseburebani SromaTa krebuli

ldquoagroekologiis aqtualuri problemebirdquo Tbilisi

1998

154

52 uruSaZe 1977 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos mTa-tyis niadagebi

Tbilisi 1977 gv 73-163

53 uruSaZe 1997 uruSaZe T saqarTvelos ZiriTadi niadagebi

mecniereba Tbilisi 1997 gv 34-134

54 falavandiSvili

1987

falavandiSvili S aWaris wiTelmiwa niadagebi da

maTi agrosawarmoo gamoyeneba baTumi `sabWoTa

aWara~ 1987 104 gv

55 falavandiSvili

1993

falavandiSvili S aWaris niadagebis racionaluri

gamoyenebis geografiuli aspeqtebi subtropikuli

kulturebis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT

`sadisertacio macne~ geografiul mecnierebaTa

doqtoris samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad

Tbilisi 1993 27 gv

56 falavandiSvili

2004

falavandiSvili S niadagebis geografia baTumi

ldquogamomcemloba aWarardquo 2004 293 gv

57 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tblisi 2001 168 gv

58 qvaCakiZe 2002 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos mcenareulobis istoria

Tbilisi `mecnierebardquo 2002 44 გვ

59 qvaCakiZe 2001 qvaCakiZe r saqarTvelos tyeebi Tbilisi 2001 168

გვ

60 RorjomelaZe 1997 RorjomelaZe o niadagis eroziasTan brZolis

mecnieruli safuZvlebi Tbilisi `mecniereba~ 1997

487 gv

61 RorjomelaZe 1998 RorjomelaZe o manveliZe z tyis roli eroziuli

procesebis regulirebaSi agararuli mecnierebis

problemebi Tbilisi 1998 XIII gv283-288

62 SainiZe 2010 SainiZe a daviTaZe r SainiZe r aWaris daculi

teritoriebis mcenareTa biomravalferovneba

samecniero SromaTa krebuli tomi mesame 3 (52)


63 SevardnaZe 1963 SevardnaZe m aWaris mTa-tyis niadagebi

universitetis Sromebi Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universiteti t90 1963 gv75-88

64 jafariZe 2003 jafariZe T metyeveoba ganaTleba 2003 297 gv

65 jorbenaZe 1969 jorbenaZe v mdinare kintriSis zemo dinebis auzis

flora da mcenareuloba saqarTvelos botanikuri

sazogadoebis moambe t IV gv 7-9

155

66 xidaSeli 1976 xidaSeli S papuniZe v aWaris tyeebi baTumi gv

123

67 Алексеев 2007 Алексеев АС Трейфельд РФ Синкевич АЕ Мониторинг

лесов Ленинградской области на основе регулярной

биоиндикационной сети пробных площадей по программе ICP-

Forests Лесобиологические исследования на Северо-Западе

таежной зоны России итоги и перспективы Материалы

научной конференции посвященной 50-летию Института леса

Карельского научного центра РАН Петрозаводск 3-5 окт

2007 Петрозаводск 2007 с 18-29 Рус

68 Альбов 1896 Альбов НН Очерк растительности Колхиды ` Земледелие ~

1896 кн 1 стр 22

69 Берг 1938 Берг ЛС Природа СССР Учебник для географических

факультетов университетов и педагогических высших учебных

заведений 2-е изд доп М Учпедгис 1938 311 стр




71 Беридзе 1969 Беридзе ИХ Изучение плодородия генетических горизонтов

буроземов Аджарии и приемов их восстановления при эрозии

Субтропические культуры 6 1969 стр 123-129

72 Бобровский 2007 Бобровский МВ Применение почвенно-геоботанических

исследований для реконструкции истории лесных экосистем

Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3 Всероссийская школа-

конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1 Петрозаводск 2007 с

56-60 Рус

73 Бондаренко 2008 Бондаренко СВ Буковые леса бассейна реки Белой

(Западный Кавказ) Актуальные вопросы экологии и охраны

природы экосистем южных регионов России и сопредельных

территорий Материалы 21 Межреспубликанской научно-

практической конференции Краснодар 21 мая 2008

Краснодар 2008 с 37-40 Рус

74 Брижатая 2008 Брижатая АА Селедец ВП Сравнительная экологическая

оценка лесной растительности по геоботаническим и

таксационным описаниям Пробл регион экол 2008 N 3 с

164-169 Рус рез англ

75 Булдакова 2006 Булдакова ЕВ Оценка биологического разнообразия лесных

сообществ для целей мониторинга экологического состояния

экосистем Современные проблемы экологии Доклады

Всероссийской научно-технической конференции Тула 2006

156

Кн 2 М Тула 2006 с 62-64 Рус

76 Быков 2007 Быков АП Дендроиндикация геокомплексов Южного

Заонежья Актуальные проблемы геоботаники 3

Всероссийская школа-конференция Петрозаводск 2007 Ч 1

Петрозаводск 2007 с 94-97 Рус

77 Геденидзе 1975 Геденидзе АА Папунидзе ВР Разработка эффективных мер

по увеличению некоторых полевых насаждений на

слабозаболоченных в почвах Колхиды Тр Тбилисского ин-та

леса АН Груз ССР тXXIV 1975 стр99-107

78 Гинкул 1940 Гинкул СГ Итоги интродукции растении в Батумском

ботаническом саду Известия Батумского ботанического

садаБатуми 51940 стр3-51

79 Голицын 1935 Голицын СВ Опыт ботанико-географического картирования

юго-западного Закавказья с дендрологической точки зрения

тр Воронежского государственного университета

Ботанический отдел тVII Воронеж 1935 стр 166-237

80 Голицын 1939 Голицын СВ Шкериани-кустарниковые фитоценозы влажных

лесистых гор Аджарии Тр Ин-та Воронежский Гос ун-та

Блтанический отдел т XI Вып 2 1939 стр 13-31

81 Голицын 1950 Голицын СВ Несколько слов о Шкериани Ботанический

журнал т 35 2 1950 стр 192-193

82 Гребенюк 2009 Гребенюк АЛ Рунова ЕМ Лесоводственные и

экологические аспекты выделения лесов высокой

природоохранной ценности в эксплуатационных лесах

Приангарья Вестн КрасГАУ 2009 N 2 с 37-42 Рус рез

англ

83 Григорян 2008 Григорян РА - Естественное возобновление букняков

Армении под пологом и на вырубках Лесоведение 2008 N 5

с 22-26

84 Гулисашвили 1964 Гулисашвили ВЗ Природные зоны и естественно -

исторические области Кавказа М Наука 1964 327 стр

85 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ Горное лесоводство М-Л Гослесбуиздат

1956 354 стр

86 Гулисашвили 1956 Гулисашвили ВЗ ndash Горное лесоводство Гослесбумиздат М

1956 354 стр

87 Дараселия 1939 Дараселия МК Водный режим красноземных почв в условиях

чайных плантации Тбилиси Из-во ВНИИЧ и СК типГруз

филиала АН СССР 1939 144 стр

88 Дараселия 1949 Дараселия МК Красноземные подзолистые почвы Грузии и

их использования под субтропические культуры Тбилиси Из-

во ВНИИЧ и СК тип газеты `Ленинское знамя ~ 1949 449

157

стр

89 Джалилов 2007 Джалилов РА Сеидов ДжС - Естественное возобновление

буковых лесов Большого Кавказа (в пределах Азербайджана)

Докл НАН Азербайджана 2007 N 4 с 65-72

90 Дмитриева 1990-а Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии

ТбилисиbdquoМецниереба~т1 1990-а327 стр

91 Дмитриева 1990-б Дмитриева АА Определитель растений Аджарии Тбилиси

bdquoМецниереба~т II 1990-б 278 стр

92 Докучаев 1951 Докучаев ВВ Учение о зонах природы и классификация почв

Сочинения Докучаева ВВ МЛ тXXI 1951 стр 378-472

93 Докучаев 1900 Докучаев ВВ Предварительный отчет об исследовании на

Кавказе летом 1899 г Тифлис типогр ТПКозловского 1900

32 стр

94 Долуханов 1966 Долуханов АГ Растительный покров В кн Кавказ Наука

Москва 1966 стр 223-225

95 Долуханов 1953 Долуханов АГ Каштановые леса Грузии Тр Тбилисского

института ботаники АН ГССР т XV 1953 стр 339-363


Москва 1966 стр 223-225

97 Зонн 1974 Зонн СВ Урушадзе ТФ Научные основы и методические

указания к биогеоценотическому изучению почв лесов 1974

Тбилиси стр 8-109

98 Исаев 2008 Исаев АС (ред) Мониторинг биологического разнообразия

лесов России методолoгия и методы М Наука 2008 454 с

ил Рус

99 Кипнис 1986 Кипнис ВМ Манвелидзе З К Гидрологические свойства и

особенности водообмена в красноземах Субтропические

культуры 4 1986 стр 150-155

100 Клопатовский 1933 Клопатовский БА Почвенные экспедиции Закавказского

филиала академии наук Вестник академии наук СССР1933

3 стр 66-70

101 Колаковский 1964 Колаковский А А -Плиоценовая флора Кодора Изд АН Груз

ССР Монографии Вып 1 Сухумский ботсад 1964 стр 185-

196

102 Краснов 1913 Краснов АН Южная Колхида как единственная

субтропическая область России Русская мысль 10 1913

стр31-44

103 Краснов 1906 Краснов АН Очерк растительности и животного мира

ближайшей окрестности г Батуми Батуми и его окрестности

1906 стр175-193

104 Кузнецов 1935 Кузнецов СС Геологический очерк Аджаристана Тр СОПС

158

серия Закавказья Вып 14 Материалы по геологии и петрографии

ССР Грузии I Аджаристан и Гурия М-Л Изд-во АН СССР

1935 стр 1-32

105 Ломидзе 1976 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы каштановых лесов

Кинтришского заповедника Заповедники Грузии Тбилиси т

4 стр 132-145

106 Ломидзе 1980 Ломидзе ДВ - Бурые лесные почвы буковых лесов

Кинтришского заповедника Тр НИИ Горлес т XXVIII стр

104-112

107 Малеев 1936 Малеев ВП Флора и растительность Абхазии Абхазия

геоботанический и лесоводственный очерк изд-во АН СССР

М-Л 1936 стр 1-46

108 Манвелидзе 2005 Манвелидзе ЗК Ботанико ndash географическое районирование и

разнообразие лесной растительности Аджарии Журнал

Известия Аграрной науки том 3 4 2005 гТбилиси стр146-

163

109 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗK Леонидзе Г Дж Влияние антропогенных

воздействии на дубовые фитоценозы внутригорной Аджарии

Известия Батумского ботанического сада АН Грузии т 29

Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджараldquo 1990 стр 26-42

110 Манвелидзе 1990 Манвелидзе ЗК Обоснование способов реконструкции

деградированных и малоценных древостоев в поясе дубовых и

каштановых лесов Аджарской АССР Автореферат

диссертации на соиск уч степ канд сел-хоз наук 1990 22

стр

111 Манджавидзе 1982 Манджавидзе ДВ Реликтовые леа Аджарии и их народно -

хозяйственное значение Тбилиси bdquoМецниереба~ 1982 262

стр

112 Маргалитадзе 1982 Маргалитадзе НА - Голоценовая история растительности

горной Колхиды В кн - Четвертичная система Грузии

Тбилиси 1982 191 стр

113 Маргалитадзе 1955 Маргалитадзе НА История голоценовой растительности

Грузии Тбилиси Мецниереба 1955 191 стр

114 Махатадзе 1962 Махатадзе ЛБ Типы лесов Триалетского хребта и

использование их в лесном хозяйстве Тр Тбилисского

института ботаники АН ГССР т XI 1962 стр 3-44

115 Махатадзе 1972 Махатадзе ЛБ Урушадзе ТФ Субальпийские леса Кавказа

М Лесная промышленность 1972 112 стр

116 Мемиадзе 1971 Мемиадзе ВМ Флора и растительность Кинтришского ущелья

Автореферат дисс на сойск уч степ канд биол наук Изд-во

159

Тбилисского гос университета 197132 стр

117 Мигунова 2008 Мигунова ЕС Типы леса - первый экосистемный уровень

дифференциации природы Лес х-во 2008 N 3 с 18-20 Рус

118 Москалюк 2006-2007 Москалюк ТА Ценотическая структура и мониторинг лесов

Дальнего Востока Растения в муссонном климате IV

Материалы 4 Международной конференции Владивосток 10-

13 окт 2006 Владивосток 2007 с 78-81 Рус рез англ

119 Мчедлишвили1949 Мчедлишвили А П- О меловой флоре Западной Грузии

Сообщ АН ГССР т 10 6 1949 стр 347

120 Палавандишвили 1985 Палавандишвили Ш Д Водный режим красноземных почв

Аджарии Батуми bdquoСабчота Аджара~ 1985 95 стр

121 Папунидзе 1985 Папунидзе ВР Кипнис ВМ Почвенный покров Батумского

ботанического сада Биоэкологтческие и физиологические

особенности интрудицироавнных и растений местной флоры

Под ред НМ Шарашидзе Известия Батумского

ботанического сада т28 1985 стр126-136

122 Полынов 1933 Полынов ББ Почвы черноморского побережья Аджарии Тр

ин-та Почвенный ин-т ВВ Докучаева Л т8 Вып 4 1933 38

стр

123 Ромашкевич 1974 Ромашкевич А И Почвы и коры выветривания влажных

субтропиков Западной Грузии М bdquoНаука~ 1974 213 стр

124 Селянинов 1931 Селянинов ТГ Агроклиматические зоны западного Закавказья

Советские субтропики 10 (8) 1931 стр 22-39

125 Сукачев 1964 Сукачев ВН Дилис НВ Основы лесной биогеоценологии М

Наука 1964 ndash 574 стр

126 Сусликов 2006 Сусликов КС Фархуллин РШ Сохранение устойчивости и

биоразнообразия лесных биогеоценозов (экосистем)

Актуальные проблемы регионального экологического

мониторинга научный и образовательный аспекты Материалы

Всероссийской научной школы Киров 28-30 нояб 2006 Вып

4 Киров 2006 с 451-453 Рус

127 Тумаджанов 1957 Тумаджанов ИИ Профессор НИ Кузнецов и изучение лесной

растительности Ботанический журнал СССР т 42 9 1957

стр 1315-1324



стр 1315-1324

129 Узнадзе 1946 Узнадзе МД Флора годердзской свиты Сообщения АН ГССР

тVII 7 1946 стр 447-453

130 Урушадзе 1987 Урушадзе ТФ Почвы горных лесов Грузии Тбилиси laquo

Мецниеребаraquo 1987 243 стр

160

131 Фундукчиев 2008 Фундукчиев СЭ Особенности биоразнообразия горных лесов

и их охрана Биоразнообразие проблемы экологии Горного

Алтая и сопредельных регионов настоящее прошлое

будущее Материалы Международной конференции Горно-

Алтайск 22-26 сент 2008 Ч2 Горно-Алтайск 2008 с 294-

297 Рус рез англ

132 Хохряков 1994 Хохряков АП Мазуренко МТ Новая оносма (Onosma L

Boraginacae) из Аджарии Бюл Моск о-ва испытателей

природы Отд биол т98 Вып 6 1994 стр 116-117

133 Хохряков 1998 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мазуренко МТ Мемиадзе НВ

Высокогорная флора северной части Арсианского хребта

Известия Батумского Ботанического Сада АН Грузии том 30-31

Тбилиси laquoМецниеребаraquo 1998 стр132-163

134 Хохряков 2005 Хохряков АП Манвелидзе З Мемиадзе НВ Дополнение к

дикой флоре Аджарской АР Бюллетень Московского общества

испытателей природы т110 6 2005

135 Широков 2005 Широков АИ Популяционно-демографический подход к

анализу парцеллярного сложения лесных фитоценозов

Вестн Нижегор ун-та Сер Биология 2005 N 2 с 13-21 Рус

рез англ

136 Шмидт 1980 Шмидт ВМ-Статистические методы в сравнительной

флористикеЛ 1980 176 ст

137 Щербина 2007 Щербина ВГ - Возобновление бука в рекреационных

условиях Вестн Рос ун-та дружбы народов Сер Экол и

безопас жизнедеят 2007 N 3 с 78-79

138 Berca Mihai 2006 Berca Mihai Stoica Maricica Management of the reconstruction of

the forest ecosystem Case study Bacau County Model and

Optimiz Mach Build Field 2006 13 N 1 с 27-33 Англ

139 Boublik Karel 2007 Boublik Karel Zarnik Milan Douda Jan Фитоценологическое и

геобиоценологическое изучение буковых лесов в районе

Trebon (Южная Богемия Чешская Республика) Fytocenologicka

a geobiocenologicka studie bucin Trebonska Sb Jihocesk muz

Cesk Budejovicich Prir vedy 2007 47 с 71-89 Чеш рез

англ

140 Cullotta Sebastiano

2007

Cullotta Sebastiano Marchetti Marco Систематизация типов

леса с целью оценки биоразнообразия на региональном уровне

на примере Сицилии (Италия) Forest types for biodiversity

assessment at regional level The case study of Sicily (Italy) Eur

J Forest Res 2007 126 N 3 с 431-437 Англ

161

141 Cayuela Luis 2006 Cayuela Luis Golicher Duncan J Benayas JoseMaria Rey

Gonzalez-Espinosa Mario Ramirez-Marcial Neptali

Fragmentation disturbance and tree diversity conservation in

tropical montane forests J Appl Ecol 2006 43 N 6 с 1172-

1181 Англ

142 Czerepanov 1995 Czerepanov SK Vascular plants of Russia and Adjacent states (the

former USSR) Cambridge University press 1995 516 pp

143 Doluchanov 2000 Doluchanov G uumlberarbeitet von Giorgi NachucriŠvili Hygrophile

thermophytische Laubmischwaumllder Karte der natUumlrlichen

Vegetation Europas 2000 384-388

144 Grandtner Miroslaw

2006

Grandtner Miroslaw M Разнообразие местных видов деревьев

Северной Америки North American native tree species

diversity Pol Bot Stud 2006 22 с 207-210 Англ

145 Duran Elvira 2006 Duran Elvira Meave Jorge A Lott Emily J Segura Gerardo

Structure and tree diversity patterns at the landscape level in a

Mexican tropical deciduous forest Bol Soc bot Мex 2006 N

79 с 43-60 Англ рез исп

146 Gagnidze 2005 Gagnidze R Vascular plants of Georgia a nomenclatural checklist

Universalrsquorsquo Press 2005

147 Kikodze 2009 Kikodze d Memiadze N Kharazishvili D Manvelidze z and Heinz

Mueler-Shcaerer The alean flora of Georgia Tbilisi 2009 36 p

148 Kikodze 2010 Kikodze D Memiadze N Kharazisvili D Manvelidze Z Heinz

Mueller-Schaerer The alian flora of Georgia (Second edition)

Tbilisi 2010 36p

149 Mabberley 1997 Mabberley D J The Plant book II edition Cambridge University

press 1997 858 pp

150 Maggini Ramona 2006 Maggini Ramona Lehmann Antony Zimmermann Niklaus E

Guisan Antoine Improving generalized regression analysis for the

spatial prediction of forest communities J Biogeogr 2006 33 N

10 с 1729-1749 Англ

151 Manvelidze 2008 Manvelidze Z K Memiadze NM Kharazishvili DSh

Varshanidze N I Diversity of floral area of Adjara (List of wild

grown plants species) Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2008 vol6

No 2 pp 93-164

152 Manvelidze 2010 Manvelidze ZK Memiadze NV KharazishviliDSh N

IVarshanidze Dendroflora of Adjara (Ajara floristic region)

Annals of Agrarian Sscience 2010 vol 8 No2 Tbilisi pp 114-

123ISSN1512-1887 httpwwwagrsciencegeabstractshtm

153 Marjokorpi Antti 2007 Marjokorpi Antti Salo Jukka Операционные стандарты и

рекомендации по управлению биоразнообразием в тропических

162

и субтропических лесных культурах - как широки их

экологические рамки Operational standards and guidelines for

biodiversity management in tropical and subtropical forest

plantations - how widely do they cover an ecological framework

Silva fenn 2007 41 N 2 с 281-297 Англ

154 McAfee 2006 McAfee BJ Malouin C Fletcher N Achieving forest

biodiversity outcomes across scales jurisdictions and sectors with

cycles of adaptive management integrated through criteria and

indicators Forest Chron 2006 82 N 3 с 321-334 Англ рез

фр

155 Nakhutsrishvili 2003 Nakhutsrishvili G High Mounatain Vegetation of the Caucasus

Region Ecological studies 2003 Vol167 p 93-103

156 Nakhutsishvili Nakhutsishvili G Batsatsashvili K Gagnidze R Shetekauri

Sh Manvelidze ZMemiadze N Kharazishvili D Georgia (In The

Red List of the Endemic Plants of the Caucasus Region

157 Sagheb-Talebi Khosro

2005

Sagheb-Talebi Khosro Abazari Bahram Delfan Namiranian

Manuchehr - Процесс восстановления естественных

разновозрастных прикаспийских буковых лесов в Иране

Regeneration process in natural uneven-aged Caspian beech forests

of Iran Schweiz Z Forstw 2005 156 N 12 с 477-480

158 Wang Bo-Sun 1695 Wang Bo-Sun Peng Shao-Lin Guo Luo Ye You-Hua

Разнообразие ландшафтных типов тропического леса на

острове Хайнань Китай Shengtai xuebaoActa ecol sin 2007

27 N 5 с 1690 1690-1695 Кит рез англ

159 Williams 2006 Williams L Zazanashvili N Sanadiradze G Kandaurov A

(Eds) An Ecoregional Conservation Plan for the Caucasus Printed

by ldquoContour Ltdrdquo Tbilisi 2006

160 Whittaker 1972 Whittaker RH Evolution and measurement of species diversity

Taxon 1972 V21 p 213-251

161 Yang Juan 2006 Yang Juan Li Jing Song Yong-Chang Cai Yong-Li Модель

оценки степени деградации экосистемы нарушенного

вечнозеленого широколиственного леса Shengtai xuebaoActa

ecol sin 2006 26 N 11 с 3749-3756 Кит рез англ

162 Zazanashvili 1995 Zazanashvili N Gagnidze R Nakhutsrishvili G High mountain

Vegetation on the new vegetation map of Georgia Journ of

vegetation Scince 1995 6 p 157-178

163 dokumenti 1 კინტრიშის სახელმწიფო ნაკრძალის ტყის

მეურნეობის ორგანიზაციის და განვითარების

პროექტი ტომი I წიგნი I ახსნა-განმარტებითი

ბარათი 1994

2 Инструкция по проведению ежегодной инвентаризации

163

лесных культур защитных лесных насаждений

питомников и площадей с проведенными мерами

содействия естественному возобновлению 1977

ГосКом СССР по лесному хозяйству М стр 18-21

164 eleqtronuli

informaciebi

1 biomravalferovnebis Seswavlisa da

Sefasebis erovnuli programa (saqarTvelos

mTavrobis dadgenileba 27 2005 wlis 19

Tebervali) http wwwparliamentge

httpwwwnacresorg

2 გარემოს დაცვის მოქმედებათა მეორე ეროვნული

პროგრამაNEAP2

httpmoegovgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_id=69ampi

nfo_id=1384 wwwaarhusge

3 saqarTvelos kanoni kanoni ldquomaWaxelas

erovnuli parkis Sesaxebrdquo

(httpwwwparliamentgeindexphplang_id=GEOampsec_i

d=69ampkan_det=detampkan_id=5350

4 saqarTvelos kanoni `daculi teritoriebis

sistemis Sesaxeb parlamentis uwyebani 1996

wN003 http wwwparliamentge)

5 saqarTvelos `wiTel nusxa~

httpwwwgaremoitdcge

6 IUCN Red list wwwiucnorgredlist

7 The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992

httpwwwbiodivorg

8 The map `100 European Forest We Should Protekt Now~

WWF-international WCMC 1997

9 The Project ldquoThe Caucasus Coordination and Development

of Plant List Assessments for the Caucasian Biodiversity

Hotspotrdquo CEPFWWF Caucasus Program Office 2009-

2010

httpwwwmobotorgMOBOTResearchcaucasuscaucasu

sshtml CEPF final project completion report

httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsfinal_IUCNNR_caucasuspl

antspdf

10 WWF Global 200 Ecoregions A blueprint for a living

planet httpwwwworldwildlifeorg

11 httpwwwresearchgatenetpublication232706911_Georgi

a_(In_The_Red_List_of_the_Endemic_Plants_of_the_Cauc

asus_Region)

164

12 CITES species httpwwwcitesorg

13 httpwwwcepfnetDocumentsCEPF_footprints_caucasu

spdf

14 httpwwwgridanographicslibcollectioncaucasus-

ecoregion-environment-and-human-development-issues)

15 httpprotectedplanetnetsitesKintrishi_Nature_Reserve

16 FAO soil classification

httpwwweconomicexpertcomaFAOsoilclassification

html

165

danarTi 1 kintriSis daculi teritoriebis da mtiralas erovnuli parkis mcenareTa saxeobebis sia

ojaxi gvari saxeoba sasicocxlo

forma Hhabitati Eekotopi Eendemebi

1 5 6 7 8

P T E R I D O P H Y T A

Aspleniaceae Mett Ex Frank

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L P CDFH f

Aseptentrionale (L) Hoffm P CDFH f

Atrichomanes L(Amelanocaulon Willd) P CDFH f

Aviride Huds P H J r

Aworonowii Christ P HJ r

Phyllitis scolopendrium (L) Newm (Asplenium scolopendrium L) P CD f

Athyriaceae Alst

Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz (Aalpestre (Hoppe) Nyl) P H f-r

Afilix femina (L) Roth P CDH f

Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L) Newm P FH f

Blechnaceae(CPresl)Copel

Blechnum spicant (L) Roth (Osmunda spicant L) P CDFH f

Dryopteridaceae Ching (Aspidiaceae Mett ex Frank nomillegit)

Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill) HPFuchs Dspinulosa (OFMuell) Sw P H f

Ddilatata (Hoffm) AGray (Polipodium dilatatum Hoffm Dalexeenkoana Fomin) P BCD f Kolchic

Dfilix-mas (L) Schott P DFH f

Doreades Fomin P H srsh

Dpseudomas (Wollaston) Holub amp Pouzar P C D f

Polystichum braunii (Spenn) Fee (Aspidium braunii Spenn) P CDF f

Plonchitis (L) Roth P CDH r

P setiferum (Forssk) Moore ex Woynar (Polypodium setiferum Forssk) P C f

Equisetaceae Rich ex DC

Equisetum arvense L bull CDF mms

Etelmateia Ehrh (Emajus Gars) bull CDF f

Huperziaceae Rothm

Huperzia selago (L) Bernhex Schrankamp Mart (Lycopodium selago L) bull F H sr f

Hymenophyllaceae Link

Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L) Smith P C f

166

Hypolepidaceae Pichi Sermolli

Pteridium tauricum V Krecz P CDFH f

Lycopodiaceae Beauv ex Mirb

Diphasium alpinum (L) Pothm Diphasiastrum alpinum (L) Holub bull H m

Lycopodium clavatum L bull C D F H shf

Onocleaceae Pichi Sermolli

Matteucia struthiopteris (L) Tod (Struthiopteris filicastrum All) P C f

Ophioglossaceae (RBr) Agardh

Ophioglossum lusitanicum L bull C ssf

Polypodiaceae Bercht amp JPresl

Polypodium vulgare L P CDFH f sr

Pteridaceae Reichen

Pteris cretica L P CD f

G Y M N O S P E R M A E

Cupressaceae Rich ex Bartl

Juniperus pygmaea CKoch (Jcommunis L subsp Pygmaea (CKoch) ђ H fr

Jsabina L ђ H fr

Pinaceae Lindl

Abies nordmanniana (Stev) Spach yen H f

Picea orientalis (L) Link yen D H f

Pinus sosnowskyi Nakai yen C f

Taxaceae SFGray

Taxus baccata L yen C f

A N G I O S P E R M A E (D I C O T Y L E D O N E A)

Aceraceae Juss

Acer campestre L yen CDFH f

Alaetum CAMey yen CDFH f

Aplatanoides L yen CDFH f

Atrautveterii Medw yen H f Caucasian

Amaranthaceae Juss

Amaranthus blitoides SWats CDF rd

Ahyrbidus L CDF rd

Aretroflexus L CDF rd

Apiaceae Lindl (Umbelliferae Juss)

Aegopodium podagraria L bull C fsm

Agasyllis latifolia (Bieb) Boiss bull H mf Caucasian

167

Apium graveolens L C srd

Arafoe aromatica MPimen amp Lavrova (Ligusticum arafoe Albov) bull H hvsh Caucasian

Astrantia maxima Pall bull H shm

Astrodaucus orientalis (L)Drude DF rbs

Bupleurum nordmannianum Ledeb bull H rbsm

Carum carvi L CDFH m

Ccaucasicum (Bieb) Boiss bull H mr

Cmeifolium (Bieb) Boiss H mr

Cporphyrocoleon (Freynamp Sint) Woronow H mbs

Chaerophyllum astrantiae Boissamp Bal bull H msh

Chaureum L (Chmaculatum Willdex DC) bull CDF fhv

Ch roseum Bieb bull H m Caucasian

Chamaesciadium acaule(Bieb)Boiss bull H mbs

Daucus carota L CDFH frd

Heracleum albovii Manden(Hpastinacifolium CKochsubspincanum(Boiss ex Huet) bull H mbssh Caucasian

Hapiifolium Boiss bull H m

Hcyclocarpum CKoch (Hsphondylium Lsubspcyclocarpum (CKoch)PHDavis) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic

H sosnowskyi Manden bull CDFH f Caucasian

Hydrocotyle ramiflora Maxim bull C ss

Lasserpitium affine Ledeb bull H mfhvsh Kolchic

Macrosciadum alatum (Bieb) VTikhomirov amp Lavrova (Ligusticum alatum (Bieb)

Spreng) bull H hvsh Georgian

Oenanthe pimpinelloides L bull C ssms

Pastinaca armena Fischamp CA Mey bull H mbs

Pumbrosa Stevex DC C fsh

Peucedanum caucasicum (Bieb) CKoch (Cervaria caucasica MPimen) bull DEFH fsh

Plongifolium Waldst eamp Kit (Pcalcareum Albov) bull F rsh

Physospermum cornubeinse (L) DC (Danaa nudicaulis (Bieb) Grossh) bull H f

Pimpinella peregrina L ( Paffinis Ledeb) CDFH albssh

P rhodantha Boiss bull H mfsh

Psaxifraga L (Pdissecta Retz) bull CDFH fbs

Sanicula europaea L bull CDFH f

Seseli transcaucasicum (Schischk) MPimen amp Sdobnina (Libanotis montana Crantz

Ltranscaucasica Schischk) bull CDFH f

Tordylium maximum L CDF fsh

Torilis arvensis (Huds) Link CDF rd

168

Apocynaceae Juss

Vinca minor L bull C f

Aquifoliaceae Bartl

Ilex colchica Pojark ђyen CDFH fsh

Araliaceae Juss

Hedera colchica (CKoch)CKoch L CDFH f

Hhelix L(Hcaucasigena Pojark) L CDFH f

Aristolochiaceae Juss

Aristolochia pontica Lam bull CDEF f Kolchic

Asclepiadaceae RBr

Periploca graeca L L AB f

Vincetoxicum albowianum (Kusn) Pobed bull FGH frbs Caucasian

Vamplifolium CKoch (Vscandens Sommamp Levier) bull FGH frbs

Asteraceae Dumort (Compositae Giseke)

Achillea biserrata Bieb (Ptarmica biserrata ( Bieb) DC) bull CDFH f

Alatiloba Ledeb bull H mf

Asetacea Waldst amp Kit bull CDFH fsh

Aetheopappus caucasicus Sosn bull H rbs

Adenostyles macrophylla (Bieb) Czercombnova (Arhombifolia (Adams) MPimen bull H rbs

Antennaria caucasica Boriss bull H m

Anthemis iberica Bieb (Aanahytae Woronow ex Sosn) bull HJ r

Amarschalliana Willd bull HJ r Caucasian

Aschischkiniana Fed bull H m Georgian

Atinctoria L bull C r

Arctium lappa L BC ss

Apalladinii (Marc) Grossh CDFH fshsn

Artemisia vulgaris L bull CDFH fal

Aster alpinus L bull HJ m

Anovae-angliae L bull C ss

Anovi- belgii L bull C ss

Bellis perennis L bull CDFH fm

Bidenis bipinnata L B ssrd

Btripartita L (Borientalis Velen) BCD sf

Carpesium abrotanoides L BC ss

Centaurea cheiranthifolia Willd(Cyanus cheiranthifolius (Willd) Sojak) bull HJ f

C petiolata (CKoch) Gagnidze (Mulgedium petiolatum CKoch bull HJ f

169

Cdepressa Bieb CDF rd

Cfischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz CDF rd

Cyanus fischeri Schlecht (Ccheiranthifolia Willdvarpurpurascens (DC) Wagenitz bull H r

Csalicifolia Bieb bull CDFH fsh

C nigrofimbria (CKoch) Sosn bull H mhv

Cyanus fischeri (Schlecht) Sojak) bull H r


Prenanthes cacaliifolia sensu Kirp) bull CDFH hvf

Cichorium intybus L bull CDFH smfm

Cirsium adjaricum Sommamp Levier bull H m Kolchic

Caggregatum Ledeb bull H hv Kolchic

Carvense (L) Scop bull CDH mrd

Ccephalotes Boiss bull H mbs

Chypoleucum DC CDFH sh

Cimereticum Boiss bull CDEF fsh Kolchic

Cincanum (SGGmel) Fisch bull CDH m

Ckusnezowianum Sommamp Levier bull CDFH m

Cobvallatum (Bieb) Fisch bull H m

Csimplex CAMey bull H m Caucasian

Cvulgare(Savi)Ten CDH m

Conyzanthus canadensis (L) Cronq (Erigeron canadensis L) CDFG al

C graminifolius (Spreng) Tamamsch bull C ss

Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth) SMoore Gynura crepioides Bernth C frdshal

Crepis pontica CAMey bull H m Kolchic

Crhoeadifolia Bieb (Cfoetida Lsubsp rhoeadifolia (BiebCalak) CDF rdbs

Csetosa Hallfil C ssf

Doronicum macrophyllum Fischex Hornem bull H hv

Dorientale Hoffm bull CDF fsh

Echinops colchicus Sosn bull CD snrbs Kolchic

Erigeron annus (L) Pers (Stenactis annua (L) Cass CD snrbs

Ecaucasicus Stev bull H mrsh Caucasian

Eorientalis Boiss bull FH msh

Euniflorus L bull H m

Eupatorium cannabinum L bull CDFH f

Filago arvensis L (Logfia arvensis (L) Holub Oglifa arvensis (L) Cass) FH shr

Feriocephala Guss(eriocephala (Guss) Chrtek amp Holub) C rrdsn

170

Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin) Blake C al

Gnaphalium affine DDon AB mssn

Grossheimia polyphylla (Ledeb) Holub (Gossica (CKoch) Sosn amp Takht) bull CDFH hvf Kolchic

Davis amp Kupicha] bull H fshbs Georgian

Hieracium adjarianum Peter bull CDF ffrm Kolchic

Hasterodermum (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull H m

H x brachiatum Bertol ex DC (Hpseudobrachiatum Celak) bull C sm

H x erythrocarpum Peter bull HI frshm

Hhoppeanum Schult (Pilosella hoppeana (Schult) FSchultz amp SchBip) bull I shm

Hhypeuryum Peter bull I rshbs

Hjuranum Fries bull CDFHI fshm

Hlaevigatum Willd bull CDF f

Hmacrolepsis Boiss bull HI shm

Hovalifrons (Woronow amp Zahn) Juxip bull CDFHI f

Hpilosella L (Pilosella officinarum FSchultz and SchBip) bull CDFH shm

Hypochoeris radicata L bull C alshf

Inula britannica L bull C ss

Iconyza DC(Isquarrosa (L) Bernh CD frsh

Ihelenium L bull F fsh

Imagnifica Lipsky bull DFH mhvf Kolchic

Iorientalis Lam bull HI fshm

Jurinella subacaulis (Fisch amp CAMey) Iljin bull HI bsm

Kemulariella caucasica ( Willd) Tamamsch bull I mshf Caucasian

Lapsana grandiflora Bieb (Lcommunis Lsubsp grandiflora Bieb) bull H f

Lintermedia Bieb CDF fsh

Leontodon danubialis Jacq bull CDFH ssrd

Lhispidus L bull CDFH bsrfr

Leucanthemum vulgare Lam (Lvulgare Lamsubspmulticaule AKhokhr) bull CDF fm

Omalotheca caucasica (Somm amp Levier) Czer (Gnaphalium caucasicum

Sommamp Levier Synchaeta caucasica (Somm amp Levier ) Kirp) bull H mbsr

O supina (L) DC (Gnaphalium supinum L) bull HJ mr

sylvatica (L) Kirp) bull DFH fsh

Petasites albus (L) Gaertn bull CDFH f

Prenanthes abietina (Boiss amp Bal) Kirp bull H fhv

Ppurpurea L bull CDFHI fmsh

Psephellus adjaricus (Albov) Grossh (Centaurea hypoleuca DC varadjaricus Albov) bull HI rsh Kolchic

171

Pshawsheticus Khokhr bull I m Ajara-Lazetian

Pyrethrum coccineum (Willd) Worosch (Proseum (Adams) Bieb) bull HI m

Pmacrophyllum (Waldst And Kit) Willd bull CDFHI fshm

Pparthenifolium Willd bull CDFH r

Ppunctatum (Desr) Bordzex Grosshamp Schischk bull HI s

Scorzonera cana (CAMey) OHoffm (Smeyeri (CKoch) Lipsch) bull I mbs

Sencio seidlitzii Boiss bull I mbs

Spseudoorientalis Schischk bull H msh

Staraxacifolius (Bieb) DC bull H s

Svernalis Waldstamp Kit CDEFH rd

Svulgaris L CDEF rd

Serratula quinquefolia Biebex Willd bull CDFH fsh

Sigesbeckia orientalis L CDFG f

Sonchus asper (L) Hill CDF ssrd

Soleraceus L CDF rdal

Spandurifolius CKoch bull BC fr Caucasian

S platyphylloides Sommamp Levier bull HI m Kolchic

S propinquus Schischk bull CDFH fsh Caucasian

Solidago virgaurea L (Sarmena Kem-Nathex Grossh) bull CDFH ffr Caucasian

Taraxacum officinale Wigg bull CDFH m

Telekia speciosa (Schreb) Baumg bull CDF fhv

Tripleurospermum szowitzii (DC) Pobed Matricaria szowitzii (DC) Rauschert bull HJ r Georgian

Tussilago farfara L bull CDFH rfbs

Xantium occidentale Bert (Xalbinim (Widd) HScholz) C snrd

Xstrumarium L CDF frd

Balsaminaceae ARich

Impatiens noli-tangere L H f

Berberidaceae Torz et Grey

Berberis vulgaris L yen H f

Epimedium colchicum (Boiss) Trautv (Epinnatum Fisch Subsp Colchicum (Boiss) bull C fr

Betulaceae SF Gray

Alnus barbata CAMey yen CDF f

Aglutinosa (L) Gaertn yen CD f

Betula litwinowii Doluch yen H f

Bmedwedewii Regel yen CDFH f Kolchic

Boraginaceae Juss

172

Anchusa azurea Mill (Aitalica Retz) bull CDF rd

Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) Johnst bull CDF f

Cerinthe glabra Mill (Calpina Kit) bull H m

Cynoglossum creticum Mill (Cpictum Soland ) DF bs

Cholosericeum Stev bull H shfm

Cofficinale L CDH bs

Echium vulgare L CDFH rd

echioides (L) Boiss) bull H m

Lapulla barbata (Bieb) Guerke CD bsrd

Lsquarrosa (Retz) Dumort CDE fbs

Lithospermum officinale L bull CD msnal

Myosotis alpestris FWSchmidt bull H mr

Mamoena (Rupr) Boiss CDFH f Kolchic

Marvensis (L) Hill CDF mrd

Mlazica MPop CDF fbssn Kolchic

Msylvatica Ehrh ex Hoffm bull H fsh

Nonea intermedia Ledeb bull H m Kolchic

Omphalodes cappadocica (Willd) DC bull CDF ffr

Paracynoglossum glochidiatum (Wall ex Benth) MPop ex Czuk(Pimeretinum

(Kusn) M Pop Cynoglossum imeretinum Kusn) CDF ss Caucasian

Symphytum caucasicum Bieb bull C f Caucasian

Sgrandiflorum DC (Sibericum Stev) bull CDF f Georgian

S asperum Lepech bull H hvm Georgian

Brassicaceae Burnett (Cruciferae Juss)

Alliaria petiolata (Bieb) Cavara amp Grande CD fsh

Barbarea minor CKoch bull H mms

Bplantaginea DC H m

Bvulgaris RBr (Barcuata (Opiz ex Jamp CPresl) Recheng) CDFH msrd

Brassica campestris L CDFH al

Bunias orientalis L CDF m

Capsella bursa- pastoris (L ) Medik CDFH rd

Cardamine hirsuta L CDFH fsh

Cimpatiens L CDFH f

Clazica Boissamp Bal bull CDF f

Cparviflora L CD sssrd

Cpectinata Pallex DC (Cimpatiens Lvarpectinata (Pallex DC) Trautv) bull CDFH f

173

Cseidlitziana Albov (Cacris auct) bull H mss

Ctenera SGGmelex CAMey bull C f

Culiginosa Bieb bull H ms

Cardaria draba (L) Desv (Lepidium draba L) bull CDF rd

Dentaria bulbifera L bull CDFH f

Dquinquefolia Bieb bull CDFH f

Draba polytricha Ledeb bull H r

Dsiliquosa Bieb bull r

Erophila verna (L) Bess C rd

Hesperis adzharica Tzhvel (Hmatronalis subsp adzharica (Tzhvel) Cullen) bull CDFH fhv

Pachyphragma macrophyllum (Hoffm) NBusch bull CDF f Caucasian

Buxaceae Dumort

Buxus colchica Pojark ђyen CDF ffr Kolchic

Campanulaceae Juss

Campanula alliariifolia Willd (Cochroleuca Kem-Nath) bull C f

C alpigena CKoch bull H bs

C collina Sims (Ccollina Bieb Cannae Kolak) bull H bs Caucasian

Ccordifolia CKoch (Crapunculoides Lsubspcordifolia (CKoch) Damboldt) bull CDFH bs

Chemschinica CKoch (C olympica auctpp) bull H f

Clatifolia L bull H m

Gadellia lactiflora (Bieb) Schulkina (Campanula lactiflora Bieb) bull CDFH hv Caucasian

Cannabinaceae Endl

Humulus lupulus L bull CD f

Caprifoliaceae Juss

Lonicera caprifolium L L CDF f

Lorientalis Lam (Lcaucasica Pall) ђ DFH f

Caryophyllaceae Juss

Agrostemma githago L CDF al

Arenaria rotundifolia MBieb bull CDFH msh

Aserpyllifolia L CDF rd

Cerastium cerastoides (L) Britt bull H ms

Chemschinicum Schischk bull H mhv

Cholosteoides Fries bull CDFH mal

Coreades Schischk bull H msh

Cpurpurascens Adams bull H msh

Dianthus armeria L CDFH f

174

Dcretaceus Adams (Dpetraeus Bieb) bull H rbs

Dmulticaulis Boissamp Huet bull H rbs

Gypsophila elegans Bieb H bs

G silenoides Rupr bull H rbs

Gtenuifolia Bieb bull HJ r Caucasian

Herniaria glabra L bull H fr

Melandrium balansae Boiss CDFH fm

Mnoctiflorum (L) Silene noctiflora L CDFH fsh

Minuartia aizoides (Boiss) Bornm (Alsine aizoides Boiss ) bull H bsr

Mbiebersteinii (Rupr) Schischk bull H rbs Caucasian

Matff nom illegit) bull H rbssh

Mimbricata (Bieb)Woronow bull H bsr

Moreina (Mattf) Schischk bull HJ bsshm

Moehringia trinervia (L) Clairv CDFH fms

Myosoton aquaticum (L) Moench (Malachium aquaticum (L) Fries) bull CDFH fs

Oberna multifida (Adams) Ikonn(Silena multifida (Adams) Rohrb bull H m

Owallichiana (Klotzsch) Ikonn (Silene wallichiana Klotzsch) bull CDFH fm

Petrorhagia alpina (Habl) PWBall amp Heywood bull CDFH fm

Psaxifraga (L) Link (Tunica saxifraga (L) Scop) bull CDFH bsfr

Sagina apetala Ard (Sciliata Friesx) CDFH rs

Soxysepala Boiss C al

Sprocumbens L bull CDFH mrssh

Ssaginoides (L) Karst bull H msms

Scleranthus polycarpos L (SannuusLsubsppolycarpos (L) Thell) H bs

Suncinatus Schur H bs

Silene compacta Fischex Hornem CDFH rfrf

Sitalica (L)Pers bull CDFH rbsm

Sphysocalyx Ledeb bull H r

Sruprechtii Schischk (Ssaxatilis Bieb non Sims) bull H rbs

Stellaria holostea L bull C fr

Smedia (L) Vill(Alsinula media (L) Dostal combinvalid) CDFH rd

Snemorum L (Smontana auct) bull H mf

Capparaceae Juss

Cleome iberica DC (Cornithopodioides pp) CDFH rsn

Celastraceae RBr

Euonymus europaea L (Efloribunda Stev) ђ CDF f

175

Elatifolia (L) Mill ђ CDF f

Eleiophloea Stev (Eketzhovelli Gatsch) ђ CDF f Caucasian

Chenopodiaceae Vent

Chenopodium album L CDFH al

Chbotrys L CD snrd

Chfoliosum Aschers CDEFGH rd

Convolvulaceae Juss

Calystegia sepium ( L) RBr bull CDFH alsh

Csilvatica (Kit) Griseb (Csylvestris (Willd) Roem amp Schult) bull CDFH f

Convolvulus arvensis L bull CDFH mal

Ccantabrica L bull CDFH rfr

Cornaceae Dumort

Swida australis (CAMey) Pojarkex Grossh (Thelycrinia australis (CAMey)

Sanadze) ђyen CDEF f

Skoenigii (Schneid) Pojark ex Grossh (Cornus koenigii Schneid ђyen CDEF f

Thelycrania koenigii (Schneid) Sanadze) ђyen CDF f Kolchic

Corylaceae Mirb

Carpinus betulus L(Ccaucasica Grossh) yen CDFH f

Corientalis Mill ђyen C f

Corylus avellana L ђyen CDFH f

Cmaxima Mill ђyen CD f

Crassulaceae DC

Sedum annuum L H r

Scaucasicum (Grossh) Boiss bull CDFH r

Sgracile CAMey bull H rbs

Shispanicum L C r

Sspurium Bieb bull H bssh

S stoloniferum SGGmel bull CDFH bssh

Stenellum Bieb bull H rbs

Sempervivum armenum Boissamp Huet (Sglabrifolium Boriss) bull H r

Pseudorosularia pilosa (Bieb) Gurgenidze (Prometheum pilosum (Bieb)HOhba

Rosularia pilosa (Bieb) Boriss) H r

Cuscutaceae Dumort

Cuscuta approximata Bab (Ccupulata Engelm) C f

Ceuropaea L CDFH ral

Datiscaceae Lindl

176

Datisca cannabina L bull C f

Dipsacaceae Juss

Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb) Bobr bull H hv Caucasian

Cprocera Fisch amp Ave-Lall bull CDFH f

Dipsacus pilosus L CDF mf

Knautia montana (Bieb) DC H hv

Kinvolucrata Sommamp Levier bull CDFH hv Caucasian

Scabiosa adzharica Schchian bull H rsh Kolchic

S sosnowskyi bull H rsh Kolchic

Ebenaceae Guerke

Diospyros lotus L yen CDF f

Elaeagnaceae Juss

Empetraceae SGray

Empetrum caucasicum Jus ђ H rsh

Ericaceae Juss

Epigaea gaultherioides (Boiss amp Bal) Takht

ђ F fsh Ajara-Lazetian

Rhododendron caucasicum Pall ђ H fshm

Rluteum Sweet ђ CDFH fsh

Rponticum L ђ CDFH fsh

Rsmirnowii Trautv ђ CFH fsh Ajara-Lazetian

Rungernii Trautv ђ CH fsh Ajara-Lazetian

Euphorbiaceae Juss

Acalypha australis L CDF rd

Euphorbia amygdaloides L bull CDF shf

Econdylocarpa Bieb bull H m

Emacroceras FischampCA Mey bull CDFH mf Caucasian

Eoblongifolia (CKoch) CKoch bull H fm

Epontica Prokh bull CDF bs Kolchic

Escripta Sommamp Levier bull H m Caucasian

Esquamosa Willd bull CDF shf

Estricta L bull CDF rd

Evillosa Waldstamp Kit bull C ms

Evirgata Waldstamp Kit bull CDFH fr

Fabaceae Lindl (Leguminosae Juss)

177

Amoria ambigua (Bieb) Sojak (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb) bull CDFH m

Aglomerata (L) Sojak (Trifolium glomeratum L) ABC sn

Amoria hybrida (L) CPresl (Trifolium hybridum L) CDFGH m

Arepens (L) CPresl (Trifolium repens L) CDFH f

Anthyllis variegata Boiss (Acaucasica (Grossh) Jus) H bsm

Argyrolobium biebersteini PWBall (Acalycinum (Bieb) Jaub And Sparch) bull CDF frbs

Astragalus bachmarensis Grossh bull H shm Kolchic

Africkii Bunge bull H rbs Kolchic

Aglycyphylloides DC (Aglyciphyllos L subsp Glyciphylloides (DC) Mattews) bull CDF shf

Aincertus Ledeb bull H r

Aviciifolius DC (Adoluchanovii Manden) bull H mr Ajaraian

Chamaecytisus hirsutissimus (CKoch) Czer (Cytisus hirsutus CKoch) ђ CDFH frr Caucasian

Trifolium badium Schrebsubsprytidosemium (Boiss Et Hohen) Hossain bull H m

Lathyrus aureus (Stev) Brandza bull DFH shf

Lhirsutus L CDF rdr

Llaxiflorus (Desf) OKuntze bull CDFH f

Lpratensis L bull CDF fshm

Lotus caucasicus Kuprian ex Juz bull H bsm Caucasian

L corniculatus L bull C shrdsn

Ltenuis Waldst amp Kit ex Willd (Lcorniculatus L subsp tenuis Briq ex Rechfil) bull C ss

Langustifolius L C ss

Medicago arabica (L) Huds C fshsn

Onobrychis kemulariae Chinth bull HJ rbs Georgian

O meschetica Grossh bull HJ rbs Georgian

Ononis arvensis L bull CD sh

Oxytropis cyanea Bieb (Ocaucasica Regel) bull H mbs

Olazica Boiss (Omeyeri Bunge) bull H bs

Psoralea acaulis Stev bull CDFH frm

Robinia pseudacacia L yen C f

Securigera balansae (Boiss) Czer (Coronilla balansae (Boiss) Grossh) bull H bs

Sorientalis (Mill) Lassen (Coronilla orientalis Mill) bull CDF rfr

Svaria (L) Lassen (Coronilla varia L) bull CDF shf

Trifolium arvense L C rd

Tcanescens Willd bull H fm

Tcaucasicum Tausch bull CDFH f

178

Tmedium L bull CDFH f

T pratense L bull CDFH mfr

Ttrichocephalum Bieb bull H shrbsm

Trigonella coerulea (L) Ser (Trifolium caeruleum L) CDEF rd

Tprocumbens (Bess) Reichnb DF ms

Vicia angustifolia Reichard (Vsativa Lsubsp nigra (L) Ehrh) C rd

Vantiqua Grossh bull C sssh Kolchic

Vbalansae Boiss bull CDFH shm

Vcassubica L bull H f

Vcrocea (Desf) Fritsch bull DFH fhv

Vgrossheimii Ekvtim bull H shm Caucasian

Vsepium L bull CDFH shf

Vtetrasperma (L) Schreb CH rdsn

Fagaceae Dumort

Castanea sativa Mill yen CDF f

Fagus orientalis Lipsky yen CDFH f

Qimeretina Stevex Woronow (Qrobur ssp Imeretina (Stev) menitsky) yen C f Georgian

Qpontica CKoch ђyen CDFH f Kolchic

Fumariaceae DC

Corydalis alexeenkoana NBusch bull J m

Cangustifolia (Bieb) DC bull C fr

Ccaucasica DC bull CDFH f

Cconorhiza Ledeb bull H msh

Gentianaceae Juss

Gentiana aquatica L H m

Gcruciata L bull CDFH m

Gpyrenaica L (Gdshimilensis CKoch) bull H m

Gschistocalyx (CKoch ) CKoch (Gasclepiadea Lvarschistocalyx CKoch) bull CDFH f Caucasian

Gseptemfida Pall bull H m

Gentianella caucasea (Lodd ex Sims) Holub (Gentiana caucasica Lodd ex Sims bull H m

Swertia iberica Fisch ex CAMey bull H mms Caucasian

Geraniaceae Juss

Erodium cicutarium (L)LHer CDF ssrd

Geranium columbinum L CD rd

Gdissectum L CD sh

Ggymnocaulon DC bull H bsm

179

Gibericum Cav bull H shm

Gplatypetalum Fisch amp CAMey bull H mshbs

Gpsilostemon Ledeb bull H fshm

Grobertianum L CDFH fsh

Grotundifolium L CDFH fsh

Grossulariaceae DC (Ribesiaceae Endl)

Ribes alpinum L ђ H ffr

Hypericaceae Juss

Hipericum androsaemum L ђ CDF frf

Hbithynicum Boiss (Hnordmanii Boiss) bull H msh Ajara-Lazetian

Hbupleuroides Griseb (Hbithynicum Boiss) bull CDFH mf

Hcaucasicum (Woronow) Gorschk (Hmontbertii Spach varcaucasicum Woronow ) bull H mf

Hgrossheimii Kem-Nath (Hpruinatum Boiss amp Balfide Czer) bull H rshbs Caucasian

Hlinarioides Bosse (Hpoligonifolium Rupr) bull H mrbs

Hmontanum L bull CDFH f

Hperforatum L bull CDFH mf

xylosteifolium Spach) ђ CDF frf

Juglandaceae ARichex Kunth

Juglans regia L yen CDF f

Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx ) Kunth ex JJljinsk yen CDF f

Lamiaceae Lindl (Labiatae Juss)

Ajuga reptans L bull CDF fm

Aorientalis L bull H m

Betonica macrantha CKoch (Bgrandiflora Steph ex Willd)(Stachys macrantha bull H msh

(CKoch) Stearn) bull H msh

Calamintha grandiflora (L) Moench bull CDFH f

Cnepeta (L) Savi bull CDF ss

Cmenthifolia Host bull C f

Clinopodium umbrosum (Bieb) CKoch bull CDF f

Cvulgare L bull CDFH f

Galeobdolon luteum Huds bull CDF f

Galeopsis bifida Boenn CDFH mshrd

Gladanum L CDFH rd

Glechoma hederacea L bull C f

Hyssopus angustifolius Bieb bull DE r

Lamium album L bull CDFH f

180

Lycopus europaeus L bull CDFH ms

Mentha aquatica L bull CDF s

Mlongifolia (L)Huds bull CDF m

Mpulegium L bull CDF s

Melissa officinalis L bull CDF f

Origanum vulgare L bull CDFH shfrf

Prunella grandiflora (L) Scholl bull CDFH m

Placiniata (L) L bull CDFH m

Pvulgaris L bull CDFH ffrm

Salvia glutinosa L bull CDFH f

Sverticillata L bull CDFH bsr

Scutellaria pontica CKoch bull H rbs Ajara-Lazetian

Sworonowii Juz (Salbida subspcolchica (Rechfil) Edmondson) bull CD f

Sideritis comosa (Rochel ex Benth) Stank C m

Stachys annua (L) L C rd

Satherocalyx CKoch bull CDFH f

Sbalansae Boissamp Kotschy bull H bsm

Ssylvatica L bull CDFH f

Strapezuntea Boiss bull C f Kolchic

Thymus collinus Bieb bull H bs Caucasian

Thgrossheimii Ronn bull I rbsm Georgian

Thtranscaucasicus Klok bull I bsr Caucasian

Lauraceae Juss

Laurus nobilis L yenђ C fsh

Linaceae Dum

Linum hypericifolium Salisb bull H m

Ltrigynum L (Lgallicum L) D m

Loranthaceae Juss

Viscum album L ђ CDF f

Lythraceae St-Hil

Lythrum salicaria L bull CDF fs

Malvaceae Juss

Alcea transcaucasica Iljin (Althea transcaucasica Iljin ) bull CDF frf Caucasian

Malva neglecta Wallr bull CDF rd

Msylvestris L bull CDF rd

Moraceae Link

181

Ficus carica L (Fcolchica Grossh) yenђ C rf Kolchic

Morus alba L yen C f

Mnigra L yen C f

Oleaceae HoffmggampLink

Fraxinus excelsior L yen CDF f

Ligustrum vulgare L ђ CDF f

Phillyrea medwedewii Sred Osmanthus decorus (Boiss amp Ball) Kas

ђ BCDE f Ajara-Lazetian

Onagraceae Juss

Chamaenerion angustifolium (L) Scop(Ch angustifolium (L) Holub) bull CDFH shmhv

Circaea alpina L bull H srf

C lutetiana L bull CDFH f

Epilobum algidum Bieb bull H m

Ehirsutum L bull CDF fsr

Elanceolatum Sebamp Mauri bull CDFH fs

Emontanum L bull CDFH f

Eprionophyllum Hausskn bull CDFH s

Orobanchaceae Vent

Orobanche owerinii (GBeck) GBeck (Ocrenata Forssk varowerinii GBeck) bull H m

Oraddeana G Bec bull H f

Oramosa L C al

Oxalidaceae RBr

Oxalis acetosella L bull H f

Xanthoxalis corniculata (L) Small (Oxalis corniculata L) CDFH rd

Paeoniaceae Rudolphi

Pmacrophylla (Albov) Lomak bull D F H f Kolchic

Papaveraceae Juss

Chelidonium majus L bull CDFH rd

Papaver fugax Poir ( Pcaucasicum Bieb) H r

Pmonanthum Trautv bull H bs

Ppersiceum Lindl bull J rd

Parnassiaceae SFGray

Parnassia palustris L bull H J sm

Chrysosplenium dubium JGay ex Ser Chmacrocarpum Chamisso bull CDFH f

Phytolaccaceae RBr

Phytolacca americana L bull C alfsh

182

Plantaginaceae Juss

Plantago atrata Hoppe subspcircassica Tzvel bull J r

Planceolata L bull CDFH mss

Pmajor L bull CDFH mrd

Psaxatilis Bieb bull H mbs

Polygalaceae RBr

Polygala alpicola Rupr bull H mr

Pcaucasica Rupr bull DFH f Caucasian

Polygonaceae Juss

Aconogonon alpinum (All) Schur (Polygonum alpinum All Pdshawachischwilii bull H m

Charkev)

subsp carneum (CKoch) CoodeampCullen) bull H m

Persicaria hydropiper (L) Spach (Polygonum hydropiper L) CDF mss

P lapathifolia (L) SFGray (Polygonum lapathifolium LPnodosa Pers) CDF mmss

Paviculare L CDFH rdalf

Rumex acetosella L bull CDFH rdal

Ralpestris Jacq bull H m

Ralpinus L bull H m

Rcrispus L bull CDFH alrd

Primulaceae Vent

Anagallis arvensis L CDF rd

Androsace albana Stev H mbs Caucasian

Aarmeniaca Duby H mbs

Aintermedia Ledeb HJ bsrm Caucasian

Avillosa L bull HJ bsr

Cyclamen adzharicum Pobed (Ccoum Millsubspcaucasicum (CKoch) OSchwart bull CD f Ajara-Lazetian

Lysimachia verticillaris Spreng bull CDFH fsh

Primula algida Adams bull HJ m

Pauriculata Lam bull HJ mpmss

Pkusnetzovii Fed bull H msh

Pmegaseifolia Boissamp Balex Boiss bull CDF f Ajara-Lazetian

Ppallasii Lehm bull H msh

Ppseudoelatior Kusn bull H J msh Caucasian

Psibthorpii Hoffmgg bull CDF f

Pyrolaceae Dumort

Pyrola media Sw bull H fsh

183

Pminor L bull H fsh

Protundifolia L bull H f

Ranunculaceae Juss

Aconitum confertiflorum (DC) Gayer bull H fm

Aorientale Mill bull H m

Anasutum Fisch ex Reichenb (Abrachynasum Kem-Nath) bull H m Caucasian

Actaea spicata L bull C D F H f

Anemonastrum narcissiflorum (L) Holub (Anemone narcissiflora L) bull H m

Acaucasica (Rupr) Holub (Anemone caucasica Willdex Rupr) bull H ffm Caucasian

Aquilegia olympica Boiss (Acaucasica (Ledeb) Rupr) bull H m

Buschia lateriflora (DC) Ovcz (Ranunculus lateriflorus DC) H s

Caltha polypetala Hochst bull H m

Clematis vitalba L ђ CDFH f

Delphinium dzavakhischwilii Kem-Nath bull H hv Caucasian

Dflexuosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian

Dspeciosum Bieb bull H m Caucasian

Ficaria calthifolia Reichenb bull CD f Caucasian

Fgrandiflora Robert (Fpopovii AKhokhr) bull CD s Ajaraian

Helleborus caucasicus ABr (Horientalis auct) bull C D ffr Caucasian

Pulsatilla albana (Stev) Berchtamp JPresl bull H mbs Caucasian

Paurea (Sommamp Levier) Juz bull H msh Kolchic

Pviolacea Rupr bull H mbs Caucasian

Ranunculus brachylobus Boiss amp Hohen bull H ms

Rbulbosus L bull C m

R bushei Boiss (Rastrantiifolius (Rupr) Boissamp Bal) bull I mr Georgian

Rgrandiflorus L (Ranemonifolius DCRelegans CKoch) bull CDFH m Caucasian

Rcapadocicus Willd (Rampelophyllus Sommamp Levier) bull CFH f

Rchius DC C D rd

Roreophilus Bieb (Racutilobus Ledeb Rmakaschwilii Kem-Nath) bull H mr Georgian

Rvermirrhizus Khokhr bull J m

Thalictrum foetidum L bull H bsf

Thtriternatum Rupr bull H rm

Trollius ranunculinus (Smith) Stearn (Tpatulus Salisb Tcaucasicum Stev) bull H m

Rhamnaceae Juss

184

Frangula alnus Mill yenђ CDF ffr

Rhamnus imeretina Booth ђ H f Kolchic

Rhmicrocarpa Boiss ђ H r

Rosaceae Juss

Agrimonia eupatoria L bull CDF f

Alchemilla caucasica Bus bull HJ m

Adura Bus bull H bs

Alanguida Bus bull H m Caucasian

Aobtegens Juz bull H m

Apersica Rothm (Aoxysepala Juz) bull H m

Aretinervis Bus bull H shbs

Asericea Willd bull H shbs

Asubsplendens Bus bull H mr

Atredecimloba Bus bull H shm Kolchic

Avaldehirsuta Bus bull H msm

Aruncus vulgaris Rafin bull CDF f

Cerasus avum (L) Moench yen CDFH f

Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik ђ H bs

Duchesnea indica (Andr) Focke bull C mfrd

Fragaria vesca L bull CDFH f

Fviridis (Duch)Weston bull C msh

Geum latilobum Sommamp Levier bull H shhv

Gurbanum L bull CDF m

Laurocerasus officinalis M Roem ђyen CDFH fsh

Malus orientalis Uglitzk yen CE f

Mespilus germanica L yenђ CD f

Potentilla adscharica Sommamp Levier bull H fm

Pbrachypetala Fisch amp CA Mey ex Lehm bull H r Kolchic

Pcrantzii (Crantz) GBeck ex Fritsch bull H rm

Pdivina Albov bull H mr Kolchic

Pelatior Willdex Schlecht bull H shm

Perecta (L) Raeusch bull H msf

Plazica Boissamp Bal bull H m

Pmicrantha Ramond ex DC bull H shf

Pnordmanniana Ledeb bull H shm Kolchic

Precta L bull CD rdm

185

Preptans L bull CDF rdm

Pruprechtii Boiss bull H m Caucasian

Prunus divaricata Ledeb yenђ CD f

Pyrus balansae Decne yen c f

Pcaucasica Fed yenђ H f Caucasian

Rosa boissieri Crep ђ H sh

Rcanina L ђ CDF fr

Rcorymbifera Borkh ђ CDF fr

Rmicrantha Smith ђ CDF shm

Rmollis Smith (Rvillosa Lsubspmollis (Smith) RKeller and Gamsx) ђ EH mf

R woronowii Lonacz ђ H f Georgian

Rubus buschi Grosshex Sinjkova (Rvulgatus Arrhensubspbuschii Rozan) ђ CDFH fsh

Rcaesius L ђ CD fsh

Rcandicans Wiehe ђ CDF fr

Rcanescens DC (Rtomentosus Borkhnomillegit) ђ CDF f

Rcaucasicus Focke ђ CDFH fsh Kolchic

Rhirtus Waldstamp Kit ђ CDFH ffr

Rmoschus Juz ђ H f Kolchic

Rsaxatilis L ђ H fsh

Rserpens Weihe ex Lejamp Court ђ CDF f

Sibbaldia parviflora Willd bull H rdrm

Sorbus aucuparia L(Sboissieri CKSchneid) yen H fsh

Sfedorovii Zaikonn yenђ H frfr Caucasian

Ssubfusca (Ledeb) Boiss yenђ H f Kolchic

Scolchica Zinserl yen H f Kolchic

Smigarica Zinserl ђ J f Georgian

Spiraea japonica Lfil ђ CD f

Rubiaceae Juss

Asperula caucasica Pobed( A taurina auct) bull CDFH fshm

A prostrata (Adams) C Koch bull H bsr

Cruciata laevipes Opiz [Galium cruciata ( L ) Scop] bull H bsr

Galium album Mill (G erectum Huds) bull H r

G humifusum Bieb(Ahumifusa (Bieb) Bess) bull CDFH snss

G odoratum (L)Scop(Asperula odorata L) bull CDFH f

Sherardia arvensis L CDF mrdal

Salicaceae Mirb

186

Populus tremula L yen CDFH f

Salix alba L Smicans Anderss[Aalba subspmicans(Anderss)Reichfil] yen CDFH f

Sapoda Trautv ђ H f

Scaprea L yen CDFH f

Scaucasica Anderss ђ CDFH fsh Caucasian

Skikodseae Goerz ђ H msf Kolchic

Sambucaceae Batsch ex Borkh

Sambucus ebulus L bull CDFH frdsh

S nigra L ђ CDFH f

Santalaceae RBr

Thesium alpinum L bull H mrsh

Th procumbens CAMey bull H mrsh

Saxifragaceae Juss

Saxifraga cartilagineaWilld[SpaniculataMill subspcartilaginea (DAWilld) Webb] bull HJ r

S cymbalaria L CDF srf

Sexarata Vill bull HJ r

Smoschata Wul bull HJ r

S pontica Albov bull J r Georgian

Srepanda Willdex Stern (Scoriifolia (Somm amp Levier) Grossh) bull CDFH rfr

Ssibirica L(S mollis Smith) bull HJ shbs

Scrophulariaceae Juss

Digitalis schischkinii Ivanina ( Dferruginea L ) bull H f Caucasian

Euphrasia hirtella Jordex Reut CDFH fsh

E pectinata Ten CDFH msh

E petiolaris Wettst H rbs

Melamphyrum alboffianum Beauverd H mshbs Kolchic

Mcaucasicum Bunge C m Caucasian

Melatius Reuter ex Soo CDFH ffr

Mstenophyllum Boiss [ Marvense subspelatius (Boiss) Beauverd] CDFH ffr

Paederotella pontica (RuprexBoss) Kem-Nath (Veronica ruprechtii Lipsky) ђ HJ r Kolchic

Pedicularis acmodonta Boiss(Pcomosa varacmodonta Boiss) bull H m

Patropurpurea Nordm bull H m

Pcondensata Bieb bull CDFH msh

P nordmanniana Bunge bull HJ msh

Psibthorpii Boiss Pcaucassica Bieb bull HJ m

P wilhelmsiana Fischex Bieb bull HJ fm

187

Rhinanthus minor L J m

Rhpectinatus (Behrend ) Vass (Alectrolophus pectinatus Behrend) CDF m

Rhynchocorys elephas (L) Griseb Rhstricta (CKoch) Albov H fshm

Scrophularia chrysantha Jaub amp Spach H fsh

Silwensis C Koch H shms

Slunariifolia Boiss et Bal CDF rdf

Smacrobotrys Ledeb bull CDFH f

Snodosa L bull C frd

Solympica Boiss bull H bsrd

Srupestris Biebex Willd bull J r

S umbrosa Dumort (S alata auct) bull H f

Verbascum adzharicum Gritzenko bull H fsh Georgian

Valpigenum CKoch bull CDFH fsh

Vgnaphalodes Bieb CD sn

Vthapsus L CDF m

Veronica anagallis-aquatica L bull CDFH s

Varmena Boiss bull H s

Vbeccabunga L bull H s

Vdenudata Albov (V baranetzkii Bordz) bull H bsr Kolchic

Vfiliformis Smith CDFH frd

Vgentianoides Vahl bull H fsh

Vhederifolia L C ssr

Vmonticola Trautv bull H sr Caucasian

Veronica officinalis L bull CDFH fshm

Vpeduncularis Bieb (V nigrieans CKoch) bull CDFH f

Vpersica Poir CDFH rd

Vpolita Fries (V didyma auct vix Ten) CDF rd

Simaroubaceae DC

Ailanthus altissima (Mill)Swingle yen C f

Solanaceae Juss

Atropa caucasica Kreyer [Abella-donna Lsubspcaucasica (Kreyer) VAvet] bull CDFH f Caucasian

Datura stramonium L CDF rd

Hyoscyamus niger L CDFH rd

Physalis alkekengi L bull CDFH frd

Phixocarpa Brotex Hornem C alss

Solanum nigrum L CDF alss

188

Staphyleaceae Lindl

Staphylea pinnata L ђyen C f

Thymelaeaceae Juss

Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed ђ H shm

D glomerata Lam ђ H shm

D mezereum L ђ H f

D pontica L ђ CDF f

Tiliaceae Juss

Tilia begoniifolia Stev [Tcaucasica Rupr f begoniifolia (Stev) IgVassil

T platyphyllos Scop subspcaucasica (Rupr) Loria] yen CDFH f

Ulmaceae Mirb

Ulmus glabra Huds(Uelliptica CKoch) yen CD

Uscarba Mill [Uglabra Hudssubsp scabra (Mill) Dostal ] yen CDFH f

Urticaceae Juss

Urtica dioica L bull CDF rdf

Vacciniaceae SFGray

Vaccinium arctostaphylos L ђ CDFH fsh

Vmyrtillus L ђ H fsh

Vuliginosum L ђ H m

V vitis ideae L [Rhodococum vitis idaea (L) Arv ] ђ H m

Valerianaceae Batsch

Valeriana alliariifolia Adams bull CDEFGH hvf

Vcolchica Utkin bull H fm Kolchic

Veriophylla ( Ledeb) Utkin bull H m Caucasian

Vsaxicola CA Mey bull H bs

Vtiliifolia Troitzk bull H hvf Caucasian

Valerianella dentata (L) Poll (V mixta Dufr ) C alrd

Vlocusta ( L ) Laterrade V olitoria (L) Moench CDF frss

Verbenaceae J St-Hil

Verbena officinalis L bull CDF rd

Viburnaceae Rafin

Viburnum lantana L ђ H fsh

V opulus L ђ CDFH f

V orientale Pall ђ CDFH fsh

Violaceae Batsch

Viola alba Bess (V scotophylla Jord) bull CD f

189

V arvensis Murr CDFH rd

V oreades Bieb (V altaica Ker- Gawl var oreades Kupffer ) bull H msh

V orthoceras Ledeb bull H msh Kolchic

V pyrenaica Raimond ex DC bull H m

V sieheana W Beck bull CDFH fshr

V vespertina Klok ( V saxatilis Kupffer pp non F W Schmidt)) H msh Caucasian

MONOCOTILEDONEAE

Alliaceae JAgardh +

Allium kunthianum Vved bull H mr

Apseudostrictum Albov (Aadzharicum MPop A szovitsii auctnon Regel) bull H mr Ajara-Lazetian

Arotundum L bull CDF frbs

A schoenoprasum L bull H mshr

A ursinum L bull C f

Aponticum Misczex Grossh bull E fbs Georgian

Gworonowii Losinsk (G ikariae auct pp) bull CDF f Caucasian

Araceae Juss

Arum albispathum Stevex Lebed [Aitalicum Mill subsp albispathum

(Stevex Ledeb) Prime A italicum auct) bull CFH fsh

Commelinaceae RBr

Commelina communis L C ssal

Convallariaceae Horan

Polygonatum glaberrimum (CKoch) A Jelen amp Zernow] bull CDF f

Pmultiflorum (L)All bull C f

P verticillatum (L) All (Covallaria verticillata L) bull DFH f

Cyperaceae Juss

Carex brevicollis DC bull H msh

Ccaryophyllea Latourr bull J m

Cdigitata L bull C ffr

Cdivulsa Stokes bull C ss

Clatifrons VKrecz bull CH fsh

Cleporina L bull CDFH sms

Cmedwedewii Leskov (C aequivoca VKrecz) bull H msh Caucasian

C micropodioides VKrecz (Cpyrenaica auct) bull H m

Cpendula Huds bull CD f

Cpolyphylla Kar amp Kir bull CDFH fsh

Cpontica Albov bull H m

190

Cremota L bull CDF f

Cszowitsii VKrecz bull H s

Csylvatica Huds bull CDFH f

Pycreus flavescens (L) Beauv ex Reichenb (Cyperus flavescens L) CH spsn

Scirpus sylvaticus L bull CDFH s ms

Dioscoreaceae RBr

Tamus communis L bull C f

Hyacinthaceae Batsch

Muscari sosnowskyi Schchian bull I m Kolchic

Mszovitsianum Baker (Mneglectum sensu Losinsk) bull I mbssh Kolchic

Ornithogalum balansae Boiss Oschmalgausenii Albov bull H mf

Oworonowii Krasch bull C ssf Kolchic

Scilla monanthos C Koch bull C fm

Swinogradowii Sosn bull H mfsh Kolchic

Iridaceae Juss

Crocus scharojanii Rupr var flavus Lipsky] bull H m

Cspeciosus Bieb bull CDFH m

Iris lazica (Albov) Dykes] bull C f Kolchic

Sisyrinchium septentrionale Bicknell (Sangustifolium auct) C msnf

Juncaceae Juss

Juncus alpigenus CKoch bull H m

Jarticulatus L (Jlampocarpus Ehrhex Hoffm) bull CDFH s

J bufonius L CDFH s

Jeffusus L bull CDFH f

Luzula forsteri (Smith) DC(Juncus forsteri Smith) bull CDFH mfsh

L campestris ( L) DC (Juncus campestris LLuzula subpilosa Gilib) bull H m

Lmultiflora (Ehrh) Lej bull CDF f

Lspicata (L) DC (Juncus spicatus L) bull H mf

pseudosudetica VKrecz] bull H m

Liliaceae Juss

Fritilaria dzhabavae AKhokhr bull H m Kolchic

F latifolia L bull H m Caucasian

Gagea alexeenkoana Miscz bull H mbs Caucasian

Lilium kesselringianum bull H fhvsh Kolchic

Lszovitsianum Fischamp Ave-Lall[Lmonadelphum Bieb Kolchic

varszovtsianum (FischampAve-Lall) Elwes] bull FH fshhv Kolchic

191

Lilium ponticum CKoch (Lcarniolium Bernhex CKoch subspponticum bull I mr

Lloydia serotina (L) Reichenb (Bulbocodium serotinum L) bull H m

Melanthiacaea Batsch

Narthecium balansae Briq (N caucasicum Miscz) bull F f

Veratrum lobelianum Bernh [Valbum Lsubsplobelianum ( Bernh)

SchueblampMartens] bull H m

Orchidaceae Juss

Anacamptis pyramidalis (L) Rich bull CDFH msh

Cephalanthera damadonium (Mill) Druce (Cgrandiflora SFGray) bull CH f

Clongifolia (L) Fritsch bull CH f

Coeloglossum viride (L) CHartm bull H mshf

Dactylorhiza amblyoloba Nevski Otriphylla CKoch] bull CDFH fm

Deuxina ( Nevski) Czer [Orchis euxina NevskiOcaucasica (Klinge) Lipsky] bull H mms

D flavescens (CKoch) Holub (Orchis flavescens CKoch) bull CDFH fsh

invalid Orchis sanasunitensis Fleischm] bull H m

Epipactis helleborine (L) Crantz [Elatifolia (L) All] bull CDFH msh

Gymnadenia conopsea (L) RBr bull H msh

Neottia nidus-avis (L) Rich bull H f

Orchis pallens L bull H m

O picta Loisel bull H m

Traunsteinera sphaerica (Bieb) Schlechter (Orchis sphaerica Bieb) bull H m

Poaceae Barnhart

Aegilops cylindrica Host C ssrd

Lasiagrostis bromoides Nevski amp Roshev] bull E f

Agrostis gigantea Roth [Aalba subspgigantea (Roth) Jir] bull CDFH fmal

Aplanifolia CKoch [A vinealis subsp planifolia (CKoch) Tzvel] bull CDFH m

Atenuis Sibth (Avulgaris With Acapillaris auct) bull CDFH msh

Aira elegans Willd ex Gaudin(Acapillaris Host) C ssshsn

Alopecurus aequalis Sobol CDFH s

Aarmenus (CKoch) Grossh [Apratensis L var armenus CKoch

Aponticus CKoch (Asericeus Albov) bull H mrbs

flexuosa (L) Drej] bull H msh

Bellardiochloa polychroa (Trautv) Roschev [Poa polychroa (Trautv) Grossh] bull H m

Bromus variegata( Bieb)Holub [Bromus variegatus Bieb Zerna variegata

(Bieb)Nevski] bull H mbs

Bvariegata (Bieb) Holub (Bromus variegatus subspvariegata Steud) bull H m

192

B villosula (Steud) Holub [Bromus variegatus subspvillosula Steud bull H m

Badjaricus Sommamp Levier Zerna adjarica (SommampLevier) Nevski] bull H m

Calamagrostis arundinacea (L) Roth bull CDFH msh

Cepigeios (L) Roth bull C ss

Catabrosa aquatica (L) Beauv (Aira aquatica L) bull CDFH s

Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers bull CG ssal

Cynosurus cristatus L bull GH fal

Cechinatus L GH fmsh

Dactylis glomerata L bull CH fmsh

Deschampsia cespitosa (L) Beauv (D biebersteiniana Schult Aira caspitosa L) bull H msms

Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop [Dvulgaris (Schrad) Bess] CDFH alsn

Dviolascens Link [Dchinensis (Retz) ACamus Paspalum chinense Nees] C sssn

Echinochloa crusgalli (L) Beauvsl CDFH ssal

Ecrusgalli varbreviaristata Doll CDFH ss

Ecrusgalli varlingiseta Doll CDFH ss

Ecrusgalli varcaudata (Roshev) Tzvel CDFH ss

Eriophorum vaginatum L bull J s

Festuca suipina Schur] bull H mr

Fdrymeja Mertamp Koch (Fmontana Bieb) bull CDFH fsh

F gigantea (l) Vill (Bromus giganteus L) bull CDFH fsh

Finarmata Schur (Famethystina Lsl) bull BCE ffr

Fpratensis Huds (Felatior pp) bull CDFH mfsh

Frupicola Heuff [F sulcata (Hack) Nym pp] bull H m

Fvaria Haenke subspworonowii (Hack) Tzvel (Fworonowii Hack) bull H msh

Glyceria arundinacea (Bieb) Kunth (Poa arundaceae Bieb) bull H s

Helictotrichon asiaticum (Roshev) Grossh] bull H m Caucasian

Harmeniacum (Schischk) Grossh (Avena armeniaca Schischk) bull H m

Hpubescens (Huds) Bess bull H msh

Hemarthria altissima (Poir) Stapf amp CEHubb [Hfasciculata (Lam) Kunth] bull C ss

Holcus lanatus L bull CDF fm

Hordelymus europaeus (L) Harz [Hordeum europaeum (L) All Elymus

europaeus L Cuviera europae (L) Koel] bull CH f

Hordeum violaceum Boissamp Huet bull H m

Koeleria albovii Domin[Kcaucasica (Domin) BFedtschppquoad nomen] bull H msh Kolchic

Milium schmidtianum CKoch bull H mshf Caucasian

Nardus stricta L (N glabriculmis Sakalo) bull H m

193

Oplismenus undilatifolium (Ard) Beauv bull C f

Colpodium colchicum (Albov) Woronow] bull H mr Caucasian

Paspalum dilatatum Poir bull C ssal

Phleum alpinum L bull H mbs

Ph phleoides(L)Karst (PboehmeriWib Phalaris phleoides L) bull CD ffr

Ph pratense L [Ppratense subspnodosum (L) Areang] bull CDFH m

Poa annua L bull H ms

Palpina L bull H m

P bulbosa L Pcrispa Thuill [Pbulbosa subspvivipara (Koel) Arcang] bull CH fr

Piberica FischampCA Mey bull H mshf

Pnemoralis L bull CH fmfr

Psupina Schrad H mms

Ptrivialis L bull C ms

Rostaria cristata (L) Tzvel [Festuca cristataL Lophochloa phleoides (Vill)

Reichenb] Rostraria glabriflora (Trautv) Czer [Koeleria phleoides

(Vill) Pers var glabriflora Trautv] C fr

Scleropoa rigida (L) Griseb C f

Trisetum flavescens (L) Beauv (Tpratense Pers) bull CH mf

Potamogetonaceae Dumort

Potamogeton alpinus Balbis bull H s

Pnatans L bull H s

Ruscaceae Hutch

Ruscus colchicus PFYoe (Rhypophyllum L auct) bull CDFH sh

R ponticus Woronow ex Grossh (R aculeatus auct) bull CDF fsh

Smilacaceae Vent

Smilax excelsa L L CDF fsh

Trilliaceae Lindl

Paris incompleta Bieb bull CDF fsh

194

danarTi 1-Si moyvanili aRniSvnebis ganmartebebi sasicocxlo formebi

xe (yen)

buCqi (ђ)

xe an buCqi (yenђ)

liana (L)

gvimra (P)

erTwliani balaxovnebi ()

orwliani balaxovnebi ( ) mravalwlovani (bull)

habitatebi C -Sereuli fotlovani kolxuri tye 50 - 150 - dan 550-600 m mde zRd

D - wablis tyeebi 550 ndash 600 - dan 1150-1200 m- mde zRd

F- wiflis tyeebi 1150-1200 dan 2000-2100 m mde zRd

H- subalpuri mcenareuloba 2000-2100 dan 2200-2250 m mde zRd ekologiuri jgufebi (ekotoprbi) s ndashWaobi

wmndash Warbteniani mdelo

sc ndash scree

m ndash mdelo

fm ndash tye- mdelo

fr ndash tye-klde

r ndash klde

sr ndash sveli kldeebi

bs-qva-RorRi

hv ndash maRalbalaxeuloba

endemuroba

Caucasian-kavkasiis

Kolchic-kolxeTis

Georgian-saqarTvelos

Ajara-Lazetian-aWara-lazeTis

Ajaraian- aWaris

195

danarTi 2 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi gavrcelebuli zogierTi merqniani

saxeobebis damokidebuleba ekologiuri faqtorebisadmi

შახეობა

ჩრდილის

ამტანი

სინათლის

მოყვარული

სითბოს

მომთხოვნი ყინვაგამძლე მეზოფიტი ქსეროფიტი ჰიგროფიტი

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Juniperus pygmaea CKoch

ქონდარა ღვია + + +

Jsabina L

კაზაკური ღვია + + +

Picea orientalis (L) Link

აღმოსავლური ნაძვი + +

Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex CKoch

კოხის ფიჭვი + + +

Taxus baccata L

უთხოვარი + + +

Acer campestre L

მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი + + +

Alaetum CAMey

ქორაფი + + +

Aplatanoides L

ლეკის ხე + + +

A trautveterii Medw

მაღალმთის ნეკერჩხალი + + +

Rhus coriaria L

თუთუბო + + +

Ilex colchica Pojark

კოლხური ჭყორი + + +

Berberis vulgaris L

კოწახური + + +

Alnus barbata CAMey

ბუსუსიანი მურყანი + + +

196

Aincana (L) Moench

ნაცარა მურყანი + + +

Betula litwinowii Doluch

ლიტვინოვის არყი + + +

B medwedewii Regel

მედვედევის არყი + + +

Buxus colchica Pojark

კოლხური ბზა + + +

Lonicera caprifolium L

ჯიქა + +

Ljaponica Thunb

იაპონური ცხრატყავა + +

L caucasica Pall

წერწა + + +

Euonymus europaea L

კიდობანა + + +

Elatifolia (L) Mill

ტაბლაყურა + + +

E leiophloea Stev

ჭანჭყატი + + + +

Swida australis (CAMey)

შინდანწლა + + +

Carpinus betulus L

რცხილა + + +

Corientalis Mill

ჯაგრცხილა + + +

Corylus avellana L

ჩვეულებრივი თხილი + + + +

Diospyros lotus L

კავკასიური ხურმა + + +

Rhododendron caucasicum Pall

დეკა + + +

Rluteum Sweet

იელი + +

+

Rponticum L + + +

197

პონტოური შქერი

Rx sochadzeae Charadze amp Davlianidze

სოხაძის შქერი + +

+

R ungernii Trautv

უნგერნის შქერი +

+

Robinia pseudacacia L

ცრუაკაცია + + +

Castanea sativa Mill

ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი + + +

Fagus orientalis Lipsky

აღმოსავლური წიფელყ + + +

Quercus hartwissiana Stev

ჰართვისის მუხა

Q imeretina Stevex Woronow

იმერული მუხა + + +

Q pontica CKoch

პონტოური მუხა + + +

Ribes alpinum L

მაღალმთის მოცხარი + + +

Hypericum androsaemum L

კრაზანა + + +

Juglans regia L

კაკლის ხე + + +

Pterocaria pterocarpa (Michx) Kunth ex JJljinsk

ლაფანი + + +

Ficus colchica Grossh

კოლხური ლეღვი + + +

Fraxinus excelsior L

ჩვეულებრივი იფანი + + +

Foxycarpa Willd

კავკასიური იფანი + + +

Ligustrum vulgare L

კვიდო + + +

198

L japonicum Thunb

იაპონური კვიდო

Clematis vitalba L

კატაბარდა + + +

Frangula alnus Mill

ხეჭრელი + + +

Rhamnus imeretina Booth

ხეშავი + + +

Cerasus avum (L) Moench

ბალამწარა + + +

Laurocerasus officinalis MRoem

წყავი + + +

Mespilus germanica L

ზღმარტლი + + +

Prunus divaricata Ledeb

ტყემალი + + +

Pyracantha coccinea MRoem

ჩიტავაშლა + + +

Pyrus balansae Decne

ბერყენა + + +

P caucasica Fed

პანტა მსხალი + + +

Rosa boissieri Crep

ბოისიეს ასკილი + + +

Rcanina L

ასკილი + + +

Rcorymbifera Borkh

ასკილი

Rubus caucasicus Focke

კავკასიური მაყვალი + +

R woronowii (Surde) Surde

ვორონოვის მაყვალი + +

Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb) Boiss

ჭნავი + + +

Spiraea japonica Lfil

იაპონური გრაკლა + + +

199

Populus tremula L

მთრთოლავი ვერხვი

Salix alba L

წნორი + + +

Scaprea L

მდგნალი + +

S caucasica Anderss

ტირიფი + + +

Sambucus nigra L

დიდიგულა + + +

Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle

ხემყრალა + + +

Staphylea pinnata L

ჟონჯოლი + +

Tamarix tetrandra Pall ex Bieb

იალღუნი

Daphne albowiana Woronow ex Pobed

ალბოვის მაჯაღვერი + +

Dmezereum L

მაჯაღვერი + + +

Dpontica L

პონტოური მაჯაღვერი + + +

Tilia caucasica (begoniifolia) Stev

ცაცხვი + + +

Ulmus glabra Huds

თელა + + +

Uscarba Mill

თელამუში + + +

Vaccinium arctostaphylos L

ხემაგვარი მოცვი + +

Vmyrtillus L

მოცვი + + +

Vuliginosum L

ლურჯი მოცვი + + +

Viburnum lantana L + + +

200

უზანი

Vopulus L

ძახველი + +

+

Vitis vinifera L

ჩვეულებრივი ვაზი + + +

Smilax excelsa L

კრიკინა + +

Hedera colchica (CKoch) CKoch

კოლხური სურო + + +

Hhelix L (Hcaucasigena Pojark)

ჩვეულებრივი სურო + + +

Hpastuchowii Woronow

პასტუხოვის სურო + +

201


saxeobis reliqturoba

სახეობა მესამეული პერიოდის ქსეროთერმული

პერიოდის

Yყინულოვანი


პოლტავის

ფლორის არქტომესამეული ტუგაის

2 3 4 5 6 7 8


აღმოსავლური ნაძვი

+


კოხის ფიჭვი

+

Acer campestre L

მინდვრის ნეკერჩხალი

+

Alaetum CAMey

ქორაფი

+

Aplatanoides L

ლეკის ხე

+


კოლხური ჭყორი

+

Alnus barbata CAMey

ბუსუსიანი მურყანი

+


კოლხური ბზა

+

Elatifolia (L) Mill

თაბლაყურა

+

Carpinus betulus L

რცხილა

+

Corientalis Mill

ჟაგრცხილა

+

Corylus avellana L

ჩვეულებრივი თხილი

+

Diospyros lotus L

კავკასიური ხურმა

+

Rluteum Sweet +

202

იელი

Rponticum L


+

R ungernii Trautv

უნგერნის შქერი

+


ჩვეულებრივი წაბლი

+


აღმოსავლური წიფელყ

+



+


იმერული მუხა

+

Juglans regia L

კაკლის ხე

+


კოლხური ლეღვი

+


ჩვეულებრივი იფანი

+

Frangula alnus Mill

ხეჭრელი

+


ხეშავი

+


ტყემალი

+

P caucasica Fed

პანტა მსხალი

+

Populus tremula L


+

Salix alba L

ჭნორი

+

Scaprea L

მდგნალი

+

Staphylea pinnata L

ჯონჯოლი

+

Dmezereum L +

203

მაჯაღვერი

Dpontica L

პონტოური მაჯაღვერი

+


ცაცხვი

+

Ulmus glabra Huds

თელა

+


ხემაგვარი მოცვი

+

Vmyrtillus L

მოცვი

+

Smilax excelsa L

კრიკინა

+


კოლხური სურო

+

- 204 -

danarTi 4 kintriSis dacul teritoriebze da mtiralas erovnul parkSi mudmivad an droebiT (sezonurad) mobinadre gareuli cxovelebis (ZuZumwovrebi frinvelebi reptiliebi da amfibiebi Tevzebi) saxeobebis sia

sistematikuri nomenklatura ქართული სახელწოდება გავრცელება

ტიპი CHORDATA (BATESON 1885)

ქვეტიპი VERTEBRATA CUVIER 1812

ქორდიანები

ხერხემლიანები

mtiralas ep

kintriSis dt

1 2 3 4

რიგი Petromyzontiformes Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასნაირნი

ოჯახი Petromyzontidae Bonaparte 1831 სალამურასებრნი

Eudontomyzon mariae (Berg 1931) უკრაინული სალამურა + +

რიგი Cypriniformes Berg 1840 კობრისნაირნი

ოჯახი Balitoridae Swainson 1839 გოჭალასებრნი

Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897) ანგორული გოჭალა + +

ოჯახი Cobitidae Swainson 1839 ხლაკუნასებრნი

Cobitis satunini Gladkov 1935 ხლაკუნა +

ოჯახი Cyprinidae Fleming 1822 კობრისებრნი

Luciobarbus escherichii (Steindachner 1897) კოლხური წვერა + +

Capoeta sieboldii (Steindachner 1864) კოლხური ხრამული + +

Capoeta tinca (Heckel 1843) მცირეაზიური ხრამული + +

Alburnus derjugini Berg 1923 ბათუმის შემაია + +

Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) ჯუჯა ქაშაპი + +

Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) ფარფლწითელა

Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) კავკასიური ქაშაპი + +

Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) ფრიტა + +

Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus 1758) კობრი + +

Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) ვიმბა + +

Phoxinus phoxinus colchicus Berg 1910 კოლხური კვირჩხლა + +

Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899 კოლხური ტობი + +

რიგი Esociformes -

- 205 -

ოჯახი Esocidae -

Esox lucius Linnaeus 1758 წერი + +

ოჯახი Gobiidae Fleming 1822 ღორჯოსებრნი

Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814) შავპირა ღორჯო + +

ოჯახი Percidae Cuvier 1816 ქორჭილასებრნი

Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ფარგა +

Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus 1758 მდინარის ქორჭილა + +

რიგი Salmoniformes ორაგულისნაირნი

Salmo labrax Pallas 1814 შავი ზღვის ორაგული + +

Salmo trutta Linnaeus 1758 კალმახი + +

კლასი Amphibia Linnaeus 1758 ამფიბიები

რიგი Urodela Scopoli 1777 კუდიანი ამფიბიები

ოჯახი Salamandridae Goldfuss 1820 სალამანდრისებრნი

Mertensiella caucasica (Waga 1876) კავკასიური სალამანდრა + +

Ommatotriton ophryticus (Steinitsz 1965) მცირეაზიური ტრიტონი +

რიგი Anura Merrem 1820 უკუდო ამფიბიები

ოჯახი Bufonidae Gray 1825 გომბეშოსებრნი

Bufo viridis Laurenti 1768 მწვანე გომბეშო + +

Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas 1814) კავკასიური გომბეშო + +

ოჯახი Hylidae Rafinesque 1815 ვასაკასებრნი

Hyla arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ვასაკა +

ოჯახი Pelodytidae Bonaparte 1850 ჯვრიანასებრნი

Pelodytes caucasicus Boulenger 1896 კავკასიური ჯვრიანა + +

ოჯახი Ranidae Rafinesque 1814 ბაყაყისებრნი

Rana macrocnemis Boulenger 1885 მცირეაზიური ბაყაყი +

კლასი Reptilia Laurenti 1768 ქვეწარმავლები

ოჯახი Anguidae Gray 1825 ბოხმეჭასებრნი

Anguis fragilis Linnaeus 1758 ბოხმეჭა +

Pseudopus apodus (Pallas 1775) გველხოკერა + +

ოჯახი Lacertidae Oppel 1811 ნამდვილი ხვლიკები

Lacerta agilis Linnaeus 1758 მარდი ხვლიკი + +

Darevskia rudis (Bedriaga 1886) ქართული ხვლიკი + +

Darevskia derjugini (Nikolskij 1898) ართვინული ხვლიკი + +

Darevskia parvula (Lantz et Cyreacuten 1913) წითელმუცელა ხვლიკი + +

- 206 -


1977) თურქული ხვლიკი

+

ოჯახი Colubridae Oppel 1811 ანკარისებრნი

Natrix natrix (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ანკარა + +

Coronella austriaca Laurenti 1768 სპილენძა + +

Coluber najadum (Eichwald 1831) წენგოსფერი მცურავი

Elaphe longissima Laurenti 1768 გრძელი მცურავი +

ოჯახი Viperidae Oppel 1811 გველგესლასებრნი

Vipera transcaucasiana Boulenger 1913 ცხვირრქოსანი გველგესლა

Vipera kaznakovi (Nikolsky 1909) კავკასიური გველგესლა + +

კლასი Aves Linnaeus 1758 ფრინველები

რიგი Podicipediformes Fuumlrbringer 1888 მურტალასნაირნი

ოჯახი Podicipetidae Latham 1787 მურტალასებრნი

Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert 1783) რუხლოყება მურტალა +

რიგი Pelecaniformes Sharpe 1891 ვარხვისნაირნი

ოჯახი Pelecanidae Rafinesque 1815 ვარხვისებრნი

Pelecanus crispus Bruch 1832 = ხუჭუჭა ვარხვი +

რიგი Ciconiiformes Bonaparte 1854 ყარყატისნაირნი

Ardea purpurea Linnaeus 1766 ქარცი ყანჩა + +

Ardeola ralloides (Scopoli 1769) ყვითელი ყანჩა +

Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus 1758) ეგვიპტური ყანჩა +

Egretta alba (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი თეთრი ყანჩა +

Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus 1758) ღამის ყანჩა + +

რიგი Anseriformes Wagler 1831 ბატისნაირნი

ოჯახი Anatidae Vigors 1825 იხვისებრნი

Anas platyrhinchos Linnaeus 1758 გარეული იხვი +

Anas strepera Linnaeus 1758 რუხი იხვი +

Anser anser (Linnaeus 1758) რუხი ბატი +

Anser fabialis (Latham 1787) მეკალოე ბატი +

Tadorna ferruginea (Pallas 1764) წითელი იხვი +

რიგი Falconiformes Sharpe 1874 შავარდნისნაირნი

ოჯახი Accipitridae Vieillot 1816 ქორისებრნი

Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov 1850) ქორცქვიტა + +

Accipiter gentilis (Linnaeus 1758) ქორი + +

Accipiter nisus (Linnaeus 1758) მიმინო + +

- 207 -

Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus 1758) მთის არწივი + +

Aquila clanga Pallas 1811 მყივანი არწივი + +

Aquila nipalensis Hodgson 1833 ველის არწივი + +

Aquila pomarina Brehm 1831 მცირე არწივი + +

Buteo buteo (Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კაკაჩა + +

Buteo lagopus (Pontoppidan 1763) ფეხებანჯგვლიანი კაკაჩა + +

Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar 1826) ველის კაკაჩა + +

Circaetus gallicus (Gmelin 1770) ძერაბოტი + +

Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭაობის ბოლობეჭედა +

Circus cyaneus (Linnaeus 1766) მინდვრის ბოლობეჭედა + +

Circus macrourus (Linnaeus 1758) ველის ბოლობეჭედა + +

Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin 1788) ჩია არწივი + +

Milvus migrans (Boddaert 1783) ძერა + +

Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus 1758) ფასკუნჯი + +

Pernis apivorus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი

ბოლოკარკაზი

+ +

ოჯახი Falconidae Vigors 1824 შავარდნისებრნი

Falco cherrug Gray 1834 ბარი გავაზი + +

Falco columbarius Linnaeus 1758 ალალი + +

Falco naumanni Fleischer 1818 ველის კირკიტა + +

Falco peregrinus brookei Sharpe 1873 შევარდენი + +

Falco subbuteo Linnaeus 1758 მარჯანი + +

Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი კირკიტა + +

Falco vespertinus Linnaeus 1766 თვალშავი + +

ოჯახი Pandionidae Bonaparte 1854 შაკისებრნი

Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus 1758) შაკი + +

რიგი Galliformes Temminck 1820 ქათმისნაირნი

ოჯახი Phasianidae Horsfield 1821 ხოხბისებრნი

Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus 1758) მწყერი + +

Perdix perdix (Linnaeus 1758) გნოლი + +

Tetraogallus caspius (SG Gmelin 1784) კასპიური შურთხი +

ოჯახი Tetraonidae როჭოსებრნი

Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi Taczanowski 1875 კავკასიური როჭო +

რიგი Charadriiformes Huxley 1867 მეჭვავიასნაირნი

- 208 -

ოჯახი Burhinidae Mathews 1912 თვალჭყეტიასებრნი

Charadrius dubius Scopoli 1769 მცირე წინტალა + +

Charadrius morinellus Linnaeus 1758 მღრინავი +

ოჯახი Laridae Vigors 1825 თოლიასებრნი

Larus armenicus Buturlin 1934 სომხური თოლია

Larus genei Breme 1840 წვრილნისკარტა თოლია

Larus ridibundus Linnaeus 1766 ჩვეულებრივი თოლია + +

ოჯახი Scolopacidae Rafinesque 1815 ჩიბუხასებრნი

Actitis hypoleucos (Linnaeus 1758) მებორნე + +

Calidris minuta (Leisler 1812) კოკორინა ბეღურა + +

რიგი Columbiformes Latham 1790 მტრედისნაირნი

ოჯახი Columbidae Illiger 1811 მტრედისებრნი

Columba livia f domesticus Gmelin 1789 გარეული მტრედი + +

Columba oenas Linnaeus 1758 გულიო გვიძინი + +

Columba palumbus Linnaeus 1758 ქედანი + +

რიგი Cuculiformes Wagler 1830 გუგულისნაირნი

ოჯახი Cuculidae Vigors 1825 გუგულისებრნი

Cuculus canorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი გუგული + +

რიგი Strigiformes Wagler 1830 ბუსნაირნი

ოჯახი Strigidae Vigors 1825 ბუსებრნი

Aegolius funereus (Linnaeus 1758) ბუკიოტი

Asio otus (Linnaeus 1758) ყურებიანი ბუ ოლოლი +

Bubo bubo (Linnaeus 1758) ზარნაშო +

Otus scops (Linnaeus 1758) წყრომი +

Strix aluco Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ტყის ბუ + +

რიგი Caprimulgiformes Ridgway 1881 უფეხურასნაირნი

ოჯახი Caprimulgidae Vigors 1825 უფეხურასებრნი

Caprimulgus europaeus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი უფეხურა +

რიგი Apodiformes Peters 1940 ნამგალასნაირნი

ოჯახი Apodidae Hartert 1897 ნამგალასებრნი

Apus apus (Linnaeus 1758) ნამგალა + +

რიგი Coraciiformes Forbes 1884 ყაპყაპისნაირნი

ოჯახი Alcedinidae Rafinesque 1815 ალკუნისებრნი

Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი ალკუნი +

ოჯახი Meropidae Rafinesque 1815 კვირიონისებრნი

Merops apiaster Linnaeus 1758 კვირიონი + +

- 209 -

რიგი Upupiformes ოფოფისნაირნი

ოჯახი Upupidae Leach 1820 ოფოფისებრნი

Upupa epops Linnaeus 1758 ოფოფი + +

რიგი Piciformes Meyer et Wolf 1810 კოდალასნაირნი

ოჯახი Picidae Vigors 1825 კოდალასებრნი

Dendrocopos leucotos (Bechstein 1802) თეთრზურგა კოდალა + +

Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus 1758) დიდი ჭრელი კოდალა + +

Dendrocopos medius (Linnaeus 1758) საშუალო კოდალა + +

Dendrocopos minor (Linnaeus 1758) მცირე ჭრელი კოდალა + +

Dendrocopos syriacus (Hemprich et Ehrenberg

1833) სირიული კოდალა

+

Dryocopus martius (Linnaeus 1758) შავი კოდალა +

Jynx torquilla Linnaeus 1758 მაქცია +

Picus viridis Linnaeus 1758 მწვანე კოდალა

რიგი Passeriformes Linnaeus 1758 ბეღურისნაირნი

ოჯახი Aegithalidae Reichenbach 1850 თოხიტარასებრნი

Aegithalos caudatus (Linnaeus 1758) თოხიტარა + +

ოჯახი Alaudidae Vigors 1825 ტოროლასებრნი

Lullula arborea (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის ტოროლა + +

ოჯახი Certhiidae Leach 1820 მგლინავასებრნი

Certhia familiaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი მგლინავა +

ოჯახი Cinclidae Sundevall 1836 წყლის შაშვისებრნი

Cinclus cinclus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი წყლის

შაშვი

+ +

ოჯახი Corvidae Vigors 1825 ყორნისებრნი

Corvus corax Linnaeus 1758 ყორანი + +

Corvus cornix Linnaeus 1758 რუხი ყვავი + +

Corvus frugilegus Linnaeus 1758 ჭილყვავი + +

Garrulus glandarius (Linnaeus 1758) ჩხიკვი + +

ოჯახი Fringillidae მთიულასებრნი

Carduelis cannabina (Linnaeus 1758) მეკანაფია +

Carduelis spinus (Linnaeus 1758) ჭივჭავი +

Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus 1758 სკვინჩა ნიბილია + +

Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Linnaeus 1758 ) სტვენია + +

ოჯახი Hirundinidae Vigors 1825 მერცხლისებრნი

Delichon urbica ( Linnaeus 1758 ) ქალაქის მერცხალი + +

- 210 -

Hirundo rustica Linnaeus 1758 სოფლის მერცხალი + +

Ptyonoprogne rupestris (Scopoli 1769 ) კლდის მერცხალი + +

ოჯახი Laniidae Rafinesque 1815 ღაჟოსებრნი

Lanius collurio Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღაჟო + +

Lanius minor Gmelin 1788 შავშუბლა ღაჟო +

ოჯახი Motacillidae Horsfield 1821 ბოლოქანქარასებრნი

Anthus trivialis (Linnaeus 1758) ტყის მწყერჩიტა + +

ოჯახი Muscicapidae Vigors 1825 მემატლიასებრნი

Ficedula parva (Bechstein 1794) მცირე მემატლია + +

Ficedula semitorquata (Homeyer 1885) კავკასიური საყელოიანი

მემატლია

+ +

Muscicapa striata (Pallas 1764) რუხი მემატლია + +

ოჯახი Oriolidae Vigors 1825 მოლაღურისებრნი

Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus 1758) მოლაღური + +

ოჯახი Paridae Vigors 1825 წივწივასებრნი

Parus ater Linnaeus 1758 შავი წივწივა +

Parus caeruleus Linnaeus 1758 წიწკანა +

Parus major Linnaeus 1758 დიდი წივწივა + +

ოჯახი Sittidae Lesson 1828 სინეგოგასებრნი

Sitta europea Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი სინეგოგა + +

Sitta krueperi Pelzeln 1863 შავთავა ცოცია +

ოჯახი Sturnidae Rafinesque 1815 შოშიასებრნი

Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 შოშია შროშანი + +

ოჯახი Sylviidae Vigors 1825 ასპუჭაკასებრნი

Phylloscopus lorenzii (Lorenz 1887) კავკასიური ყარანა + +

Phylloscopus nitidus (Blyth 1843) ყვითელმუცელა ყარანა +

Phylloscopus trochiloides (Sundevall 1837) მწვანე ყარანა +

Phylloscopus trochilus (Linnaeus 1758) ყარანა-მეგაზაფხულე +

Regulus ingicapillus (Temminck 1820) წითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +

Regulus regulus (Linnaeus 1758) ყვითელთავა ნარჩიტა + +

Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus 1758) შავთავა ასპუჭაკა + +

Sylvia communis Latham 1787 რუხი ასპუჭაკა + +

Sylvia curruca (Linnaeus 1758) ჭვინტასპუჭაკა +

Sylvia nisoria (Bechstein 1795) მიმინოსებრი ასპუჭაკა + +

ოჯახი Troglodytidae Swainson 1832 ჭინჭრაქასებრნი

Troglodytes troglodytes (Linnaeus 1758) ჭინჭრაქა ღობემძვრალა + +

- 211 -

ოჯახი Turdidae Rafinesque 1815 შაშვისებრნი

Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus 1758) გულწითელა + +

Luscinia luscinia (Linnaeus 1758) აღმოსავლური ბულბული + +

Luscinia megarhynchos (LC Brehm 1831) სამხრეთული ბულბული + +

Luscinia svecica (Linnaeus 1758) ცისფერგულა + +

Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი მეღორღია

Oenanthe pleschanka (Lepechin 1770) მელოტჩიტა +

Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus 1758) ჩვეულებრივი

ბოლოცეცხლა

+ +

Turdus iliacus Linnaeus 1766 ჩიჩხინაკი + +

Turdus merula Linnaeus 1758 შავი შაშვი + +

Turdus philomelos CL Brehm 1831 წრიპა + +

Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus 1758 ჩხართვი + +

კლასი Mammalia Linnaeus 1758 ძუძუძუმწოვრები

რიგიInsectivora Bowdich 1821 მწერიჭამიები

ოჯახი Erinaceidae Fischer 1817 ზღარბისებრნი

Erinaceus concolor Martin 1838 აღმოსავლეთევროპული

ზღარბი

+

ოჯახი Soricidae Fischer 1817 ბიგასებრნი

Crocidura gueldenstaedti (Pallas 1811) გრძელკუდა კბილთეთრა + +

Neomys teres Miller 1908 კავკასიური წყლის ბიგა +

ოჯახი Talpidae Fischer 1817 თხუნელასებრნი

Talpa caucasica Satunin 1908 კავკასიური თხუნელა + +

Talpa levantis Thomas 1906 მცირე თხუნელა +

რიგი Chiroptera Blumenbach 1779 ხელფრთიანები

ოჯახი Rhinolophidae Gray 1825 ცხვირნალასებრნი

Rhinolophus euryale Blasius 1853 სამხრეთული ცხვირნალა +

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber 1774) დიდი ცხვირნალა +

Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein 1800) მცირე ცხვირნალა

Vespertilio serotinus (Schreber 1774 ) ჩვეულებრივი მეგვიანე

Myotis blythi (Thomes 1857) წვეტყურა მღამიობი +

Myotis emarginatus (Geoffroy 1806) სამფერი მღამიობი +

Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl 1817) ულვაშა მღამიობი +

Myotis nattereri (Kuhl 1817) ტყის მღამიობი

ნატერერის მღამიობი

Nyctalus lasiopterus (Schreber 1780) გიგანტური მეღამურა + +

Nyctalus noctula (Schreber 1774) წითური მეღამურა +

- 212 -

Pipistrellus nathusii (Keyserling et Blasius 1839) ტყის ღამორი

ნათუზიუსის ღამორი

+ +

Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Schreber 1774) ჯუჯა ღამორი + +

Pipistrellus pygmaeus (Leach 1825) პაწია ღამორი + +

Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ღამურა + +

რიგი Lagomorpha Brandt 1855 კურდღლისნაირნი

ოჯახი Leporidae Fischer 1817 კურდღლისებრნი +

Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778 კურდღელი

რიგი Rodentia Bowdich 1821 მღრღნელები

ოჯახი Cricetidae Fischer 1817 ზაზუნასებრნი

Chionomys roberti (Thomas 1906) მცირეაზიური (რობერტის)

მემინდვრია

+

Microtus majori Thomas 1906 ბუჩქნარის მემინდვრია +

ოჯახი Muridae Illiger 1811 თაგვისებრნი

Mus musculus Linnaeus 1758 სახლის თაგვი + +

Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout 1769) რუხი ვირთაგვა + +

Rattus rattus (Linnaeus 1778) შავი ვირთაგვა +

Sylvaemus arianus (Blanford 1881) კავკასიური ტყის თაგვი +

Sylvaemus mystacinus (Danford et Alston 1877) მცირეაზიური თაგვი + +

Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758 გარეული ღორი +

Sylvaemus ponticus (Sviridenko 1936) პონტური თაგვი +

Sylvaemus uralensis Pallas 1811 მცირე ტყის თაგვი +

ოჯახი Myoxidae Gray 1821 ძილგუდასებრნი

Dryomys nitedula (Pallas 1778) ტყის ძილგუდა ღნავი + +

Glis glis (Linnaeus 1766) ჩვეულებრივი ძილგუდა +

ოჯახი Sciuridae Fischer 1817 ციყვისებრნი

Sciurus anomalus Gmelin 1778 კავკასიური ციყვი +

Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus 1758 ჩვეულებრივი ციყვი +

რიგი Carnivora Bowdich 1821 მტაცებლები

ოჯახი Canidae Fischer 1817 ძაღლისებრნი

Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758 ტურა + +

Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758 მგელი + +

Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus 1758) მელა + +

ოჯახი Felidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 კატისებრნი

Lynx lynx (Linnaeus 1758) გარეული კატა + +

ოჯახი Mustelidae Fischer 1817 კვერნისებრნი

- 213 -

Martes foina Erxleben 1777 კლდის კვერნა + +

Martes martes Linnaeus 1758 ტყის კვერნა + +

Mustela nivalis Linnaeus 1766 დედოფალა +

Meles meles (Linnaeus 1758) მაჩვი +

Lutra lutra (Linnaeus 1758) წავი +

ოჯახი Ursidae Fischer von Waldheim 1817 დათვისებრნი

Ursus arctos Linnaeus 1758 მურა დათვი +

რიგი Artiodactyla Owen 1841 წყვილჩლიქოსნები

ოჯახი Bovidae Gray 1821 ღრურქიანები

Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus 1758) არჩვი +

ოჯახი Cervidae Goldfuss 1820 ირმისებრნი

Capreolus carpeolus (Linnaeus 1758) შველი +

ოჯახი Suidae Gray 1821 ღორისებრნი

- 214 -


Segroveba (mtiralas erovnuli parki) 2012 weli

danarTi 6 foto bunebrivi ganaxlebis Seswavla wablnar tyis

tipSi (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)

- 215 -

danarTi 7 foto mcenareTa saxeobebis aRwera da herbariumis

Segroveba (kintriSis nakrZali 2012 weli)

- 2 -

S i n a a r s i

Sesavali--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

Temis aqtualoba------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6

kvlevis mizani da amocanebi------------------------------------------------------ 8

kvlevis meTodebi----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

mecnieruli siaxle----------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

naSromis praqtikuli mniSvneloba da Rirebuleba ----------------------- 12

naSromis aprobacia---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13

publikacia----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13

disertaciis moculoba da struqtura-------------------------------------- 13

kvlevis obieqti ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13

Tavi I aWaris daculi teritoriebis bunebriv-istoriuli

pirobebi------------------------------------------------------------------------

14

11 adgilmdebareoba da farTobebi-------------------------------------------- 14

12 12 geologiuri agebuleba da reliefi------------------------------------- 20

13 hava--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22

131 zRvispira aWaris Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis

klimatihellip-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

25

132 zRvispira aWaris wablis tyeebis sartylis klimati------------ 26

133 133 zRvispira aWaris wiflis tyeebis sartylis klimati------------- 26

134 naZvisa da soWis tyeebis sartylis klimati--------------------------- 26

135 subalpuri tyis sartylis klimati------------------------------------------- 26

14 niadgebi--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27

141 Sereuli subtropikuli tyeebis (higrofiluri

Termofiluli Sereuli foTlovani tyeebis) zonis niadagebi---

32

142 wablis tyeebis zonis niadagebi------------------------------------------- 32

143 wiflnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi-------------------------------------- 33

144 naZvnar-soWnari tyeebis zonis niadagebi------------------------------- 33

145 subalpuri da alpuri zonis niadagebi-------------------------------- 33

15 hidrografia--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34

16 tyis mcenareulobis formirebisa da ganviTarebis istoria-- 35

Tavi II - aWaris daculi teritoriebis tyis fondi mosaxleoba

da tradiciuli meurneoba---------------------------------------------------

41


tradiciuli meurneoba) -----------------------------------------------------------

41

22 mtiralas erovnuli parki (tyis fondi mosaxleoba da

tradiciuli meurneoba) ---------------------------------------------------------------

50

Tavi III - aWaris daculi teritoriebis biologiuri

mravalferovneba -----------------------------------------------------------------------

62

31 aWaris daculi teritoriebis mcenareuloba (tyis

fitocenozebi da ZiriTadi formaciebi) ----------------------------------------

62

- 3 -






108


saxeobebi---------------------------------------------------------------------

106



106



111



114



123







165




195



reliqturoba-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

201





204



214





214

- 4 -

Sesavali






























- 5 -






nakrZali gauqmda









s) 1351-s Seadgens


















- 6 -



Temis aqtualoba






























- 7 -



























kanonzomierebebze






- 8 -









damuSaveba



analizi




gamovlena


Sefaseba





kvlevis meTodebi










- 9 -
















dafaruloba 50-70


Sp (Sparsussporsal)















- 10 -

































- 11 -















gamoyenebiT

mecnieruli siaxle





mdgomareoba





maCveneblebi






- 12 -








mdgomareobas




Taviseburebebi















Sesaxeb





- 13 -








samecniero statiaD











agroekosistemebi







- 14 -








erovnuli parki







- 15 -
















ha-s Seadgens





ha (298)











- 16 -








112)










- 17 -































- 18 -




- 19 -












ekoregionSi




- 20 -

































- 21 -














orografiul raions




















- 22 -





















13 Hhava






waagavs





- 23 -






mkacrdeba




























- 24 -





mxareSic









dRemde


obieqtebze

Mmeteo-

sadguri

zd

simaR

m-Si


I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

qobuleTi 4 48 55 76 109 154 195 224 226 195 156 107 67

boboyvaTi 70 66 68 85 117 157 195 211 224 199 168 125 93

dagva 200 67 67 88 118 158 192 216 222 197 168 124 88

CaqvisTavi 315 50 54 73 113 150 179 200 205 177 149 108 74





- 25 -





























- 26 -






























- 27 -







14 niadgebi
























- 28 -













saxesxvaobebi
















- 29 -






qveda sazRvari

zeda sazRvari

1 2 3 4







47000С-s










- 30 -


1 2 3 4









16-170С-mde













aRwevs 35-45 Tves

- 31 -
































- 32 -









zonaloba























- 33 -



























erodirebulia




- 34 -






15 hidrografia



















mraval CanCqers







- 35 -


abSila da sxv)






60-90 lwm




gruntis wylebiT




















- 36 -







qveda sazRvari

zeda sazRvari

1 2 3 4









Cambisols)





(Gleic Cambisols)




- 37 -










farTod gavrcelda


















nekerCxali da sxva






- 38 -























teritoriebze











- 39 -

































- 40 -















- 41 -






























mis sazRvrebs gareT

- 42 -





farglebSi)














anu 18














- 43 -




monawileobiT



























dafaruli farTobisa

- 44 -






sul

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

muryani

rcxila (T+a)

wabli (T+a)

muxa (T+a)

wifeli

naZvi

Sqeri da wyavi

sxva merqnianebi

sul

4560

36

5730

45

28620

223

-

71290

555

1390

11

14830

115

1980

15

128400

100

496

22

808

36

4015

181

-

15985

717

404

18

465

21

106

05

22279

100

20440

130

7898

503

5448

35

-

102880

6553

-

-

17000

1082

3324

212

156990

100

2348

1145

10103

492

3202

156

-

164253

8010

-

-

3422

167

588

03

205048

100

25000

876

13628

477

34068

1194

-

174170

6102

1390

11

31830

1115

5304

126

285390

100

2844

665

18183

425

43352

1013

324103

7575

404

18

8072

104

1648

038

427838

100

- 45 -





daculi teritoria


boniteti sixSire




17180

133

88542

564

85820

668

50237

320

25400

199

18211

116

35490

277

22293

142

43700

340

55731

355

49210

383

78966

503

daculi

teritoriebi

xnovanebiTi jgufi


uxnesi

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

75

06

17583

112

1292

104

122452

780

2118

160

9262

59

9355

730

7692

49

- 46 -






























- 47 -


administraciuli

erTeuli


mwife da

uxnesi

koromebis

farTobebi

(ha)

xno

vaneb

a

boni

tet

i

sixSir

e


aTasi m3

tyiT

dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

aTasi m3

tyiT

dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

aTasi m3

tyiT dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

141 II-6 062 20542 1360 13434 205 204 13 93880

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

116

III-6

059

22279

1740

17747

1900

179

14

93550

48























simindi 8 tona

lobio 1 tona

kartofili 6 tona

bostneuli 1 tona

xili 5 tona






49













wyaroa




















50



dafiqsirebula












2007 weli 0

2008 weli 458

2009 weli 1577

2010 weli 3464

2011 weli 3212

2012 weli 4800




meurneoba








51

































52


ha (298)

















(Castanea sativa)






sixSiris koromebze









53






















samuSaoebi











54


Wrebi warmoadgenda





gaumjobesdeba






















tyis farTobebze





55









Seadgina



















169500 kubm


298300 kubm


139900 kubm

56


173000 kubm


187900 kubm

























simindi 5712 tona

lobio 576 tona

kartofili 3408 tona

bostneuli 3049 tona

xili 1249 tona

57

yurZeni 2097 tona

citrusi 6700 tona

Tambaqo 11 tona























tonamde Tafli




Seadgens

wabli 416 tona

kakali 141 8 tona

mocvi 154 tona

58

mayvali 25 tona

soko 15 tona






















RameSi









59







saavtomobilo gzas



aRiniSneba









dRiT








2007 weli 69

2008 weli 628

2009 weli 2533

2010 weli 15350

2011 weli 19400


60

























aqedan









61

aqedan












dafiqsirebula











62









(Whittaker 1972)























63














Jukka 2007)




















64




























olqebs uaxlovdeba






65


































66







1974)



























67



Semdegi sartylebiT































68

































69
































70
































71










tyis qvesartyeli





damaxasiaTebeli)


















72


















73










donidan farglebSi






dafaruloba 30-35










dafaruloba 50-70




farglebSi

74




















75


nuda herbosa)






ponticum

iarusi C ar aris





Carpinus betulus








baccata


Hedera colchica




76


aestifruticosa)































77











nakrZalSi)






78































79

















80











farglebSi (sur 315)




torminalis

















81



aestifruticosa)





sativa






82



83



















70













84



farglebSi






dafaruloba 60-70









85















Tilia begonifolia














86



farglebSi










donidan farglebSi


















87



















88




























specifikuri tipebi




89

































90


































91






























92

































93




uwodeben











ferdobebi uWiravT









A albana da sxv









94


























ekoregionSi


95





(cxrili 3211)











dacul teritoriebze




taqsonomiuri jgufi

ojaxi gvari saxeoba

Pteridophyta

13 18 29

Spermatophyta

103 574 865

Gymnospermae

3 2 5

Angiospermae

100 572 861

Dicotyledones

83 494 721

Monocotyledones

17 78 140

sul

116 593 894

96



















ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba











97

xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36

buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55

xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19

liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29




























98

















99






gvarSi erTiandebian


(cxrili 3221)










taqsonomiuri

jgufi

ojaxi gvari saxeoba



Gymnospermae 1 1 1




sul 107 306 522

100













alpuri sartylebi


ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba











101










xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32

buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41

xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5

liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25

















102


















103



















floris endemebi










104





















arian warmodgenili













105



aWaris-3






















106











Tanafardoba








107




















muSaoba














108


















VU ndash mowyvladi














109


















woronowii)















110





















woronowii






11 - (VU)

2 - (EN) 12 - (VU)

sul 13 12


151 - (NE) 48 - (NE)

8 - (LC) 3 - (LC)

6 - (NT) 2 -(NT)

6 -(DD) -

111


daavadebebi
















4 - (VUD2) 1 - (VUD2)

sul 185 60



decreasing)


31 Pop trend

decreasing)


31)



1 - (Lower Risknear


updating))


23 (needs updating)

2 - Lower Riskleast


updating)


stable

sul 205 78

112






















113

sur 421 sur 422

sur 423 sur 424





sur 425 sur 426

114

sur 427 sur 428












qrobadi saxeobebi)








115

























klasi


sul

(100) sul sul

FTevzebi 153 20 130 20 130

amfibiebi 10 7 700 4 400

reptiliebi 24 10 410 9 370

116




(51) saxeoba



cxrili 433 ndashSi






















gadanawilebuli

frivnelebi 337 96 280 104 300


s u l 596 158 260 174 290

117

















118










- 1 ndash EN

(IUCNDI)




1 ndash VU (A1e) -


- 1 - VU (B2a)



sul 15 17

119


2 ndash EN


2 ndash EN

(A2bcde+3bcde+

4bcde)

22 - LC 22 - LC

- 1 ndash VU

(A2ce+3ce+4ce)

- 1 ndash EN

(Blab(Iiii)


(B2ab(iiiiiv)

7 - NT 7 - NT



(B2ab(iiiii)

sul

34 36

120




mtiralas ep

kintriSis dt


(2006)


1 2 3 4 5











1977)








121


1 2 3 4 5






VU (D1) EN







VU (D1) LC









- 121 -












1 ndash VU (A1e) -


- 1 - VU (B2a)





2 ndash EN


2 ndash EN

(A2bcde+3bcde+4b

cde)

22 - LC 22 - LC

- 1 ndash VU

(A2ce+3ce+4ce)



(B2ab(iiiiiv)

7 - NT 7 - NT




34 36

- 122 -



- 123 -
















dayrdnobiT)

cxovelis saxeoba


arCvi Rupicapra

rupicapra

LC ver 31 Pop

trend unknown

2010 weli

2012 weli

2010 weli

2012 weli

91 112 170 170 (200)

wavi Lutra

lutra

NT ver 31 Pop

trend decreasing

15 32 135 135(150)

mura daTvi

Ursus arctos

LC ver 31 Pop

trend stable

95 83 80 86

mgeli Canis

lupus

LC ver 31 Pop

trend stable

16 27

5 5

kverna Martes

foina M

martes

LC ver 31) Pop

trend stable

160 168 145 155


anomalus

LC ver 31 165 265 72 75

- 124 -












nadgurdeba

















- 125 -































- 126 -































- 127 -



128

cxrili 511


mixedviT

D

daculi teritoria

sf

simaRlzd(m)

eqspozicia

ferdobis daxriloba


boniteti


qvetyis dafaruloba

() sixSire


ganaxlebis Sefaseba


1956)

saxeoba

1-10sm

11-30sm

31-50sm

gt 51

sul

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

1

850 sd 15-20

Castanetum

azaleosum TesliTi

81-100 I-II

10wb+rc+nZ

20

06-07

wabli

1600

40

23600

578

7200

176

8400

206

40800

100

saukeTeso

sul

1600

40

23600

578

7200

176

8400

206

40800

100

129


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

2

980

Crd

20-250

Castanetum

rhododen-

drosum

TesliTi

100-120

II-III

8wb1wf

1rcx+nZ

45

07-08

wabli

850

168

1400

277

2020

400

780

155

5050

100

susti

wifeli

-

-

320

299

-

-

750

701

1070

100

rcxila

-

-

120

632

-

-

70

368

190

100

naZvi

-

-

60

375

-

-

100

625

160

100

sul

850

131

1900

294

2020

312

1700

263

6470

100

130


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mmtiralas erovnuli

parki 3

560 Crd 15-200

Castanetum

rhododen-

drosum TesliTi

120 II

9wb1Tx+rcx+wf 70

05

wabli

80

79

560

555

150

149

220

217

1010

100

Zlier susti

wifeli

-

-

70

292

-

-

170

708

240

100

rcxila

-

-

160

470

70

206

110

324

340

100

sul 80

50

790

500

210

133

500

317

1580

100

Mmtiralas erovnuli

parki 4

800 samxdas 25-30-400

Castanetum

rubosum TesliTi

90 III

7wb+2wf1Tx +rcx 80

04

wabli

-

-

-

-

70

368

120

632

190

100

Zlier susti

wifeli

-

-

140

341

210

512

60

147

410

100

sul -

-

140

233

280

467

180

300

600

100

- 131 -

















boniteti

mozardis

xnovaneba (weli )


maxasiaTeblebi

M saS

metri

Mm

metri

nimuSebis

raodenoba

1 2 3 4 5

maRali

bonitetis

wablnarebSi

(ielis qvetyiT)

1 0-10 002 3

2 11-30 003 3

3 31-50 004 3

5 50 da gt 006 6

saSualo

bonitetis

wablnarebSi

(Sqeris qvetyiT)

2 0-10 002 3

3 11-30 003 3

4 31-50 004 3

7 50 da gt 006 6

- 132 -

























sxvaTa SromebSi







- 133 -

































- 134 -














135

cxrili 521


mixedviT

daculi

teritoria

sf

asociacia

simaRlzd(m)

eqspozicia

ferdobis

daxriloba

(gradusi)

Kkoromis

Semadgenloba

qvetyis

dafaruloba ()

saburvelis

Sekruloba

sixSire


cali 1 ha-ze

ganaxlebis

Sefaseba

saxeoba

lt05

06-15

gt15

sul

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

1

Fagetum

rhododendrosum

920

Crd das

250

10wf+wb

60

09

07

wf

2300

730

700

222

150

48

3150

100

susti rc

-

-

120

75

40

25

160

100

sul

2300

695

820

248

190

57

3310

100

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

2

Fagetum rubosum

860

Crd

200

10wf+rcx+

+ccx

20

06

06

wf

8800

259

16800

494

8400

247

34000

100

kargi rcx

50

169

170

576

75

255

295

100

sul

8850

258

16970

495

8475

247

34295

100

136


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

3

Fagetum- Carpine-

to azalesum

1223

Crd

250

8wf+2rcx

30

09

07

wf

rcx

3100

233

280

718

6800

511

110

282

3400

256

-

-

13300

100

390

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 3380

247

6910

505

3400

248

13690

100

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

4

Fagetum festuco-

sum

1780

samx aRm

350

10wf+rcx

+nk

20

06

05

wf

rcx

5370

303

320

615

8650

488

130

250

3700

209

70

135

17720

100

520

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 5690

312

8780

481

3770

207

18240

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

5

Fagetum

rhododendrosum 875

Crd das

150

10wf+wb

60

09

07

wf

rcx

1500

893

50

303

180

107

70

424

-

-

45

273

1680

100

165

100

susti sul 1550

840

250

135

45

25

1845

100

137


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

6

Fagetum rubosum

900

Crd

200

10wf+rcx+

+ccx

20

06

06

wf

rcx

8800

259

120

414

16800

494

80

276

8400

247

90

310

34000

100

290

100

kargi

sul 8920

182

16880

348

8490

176

34290

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

7

Fagetum -Carpine-

to azalesum

1100

Crd

300

7wf3rcx+wb

30

08

07

wf

rcx

2200

193

70

778

5800

509

20

222

3400

298

-

-

11400

100

90

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 2270

197

5820

507

3400

296

11490

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

8

Fagetum

rhododendrosum 380

Crd das

250

8wf2rcx+Tx

70

06

04

wf

rcx

200

741

80

727

70

259

30

273

-

-

-

-

270

100

110

100

Zlier susti

sul

280

737

100

263

-

-

380

100

138

















pirobebi






139






























140





























141






rhododendrosum


















laurocerasosum)


rhododendrozum)





142



Fagetum rubosum




























143









555 - s Seadgens




Senecio Cardamine-8




















144



















Seadgens






maCvenebelia






145









saxeoba-19




















146







gadanawilebuli














(LC)











147






SesaZleblobebi












ganviTarebuli













148







mimdinareoba























149



gv


442 gv

3 batoniSvili

vaxuSti 1944




2002 280 gv







Sro t II gv 32-42






8 bunebis matiane

200820092010













150




Tbilisi 2002 31 gv








69-82




1987


aWarardquo gv 2-3
















347-351




151




























1961 249gv




Tbilisi 1994 16gv






152











baTumi gv 173-181






13













59 gv









153








tomi V gv 5-8




1964 (rusul enaze)







1971 200 gv












gv 267-281



40




1998

154





54 falavandiSvili

1987



aWara~ 1987 104 gv

55 falavandiSvili

1993






Tbilisi 1993 27 gv

56 falavandiSvili

2004







გვ



487 gv















155


123










1896 кн 1 стр 22














56-60 Рус















156

Кн 2 М Тула 2006 с 62-64 Рус




















журнал т 35 2 1950 стр 192-193





англ



с 22-26




1956 354 стр


1956 354 стр







157

стр












32 стр


Москва 1966 стр 223-225




Москва 1966 стр 223-225






ил Рус






3 стр 66-70



196



стр31-44



1906 стр175-193


158



1935 стр 1-32



4 стр 132-145



104-112



М-Л 1936 стр 1-46




163









стр



стр













159



















стр












4 Киров 2006 с 451-453 Рус



стр 1315-1324



стр 1315-1324


тVII 7 1946 стр 447-453



160




















рез англ














англ


2007






161





1181 Англ







2006














Tbilisi 2010 36p


press 1997 858 pp




10 с 1729-1749 Англ




No 2 pp 93-164







162










фр







2005









27 N 5 с 1690 1690-1695 Кит рез англ





Taxon 1972 V21 p 213-251













163





164 eleqtronuli

informaciebi





httpwwwnacresorg













httpwwwgaremoitdcge



httpwwwbiodivorg






2010




antspdf





asus_Region)

164



spdf






html

165




1 5 6 7 8









Athyriaceae Alst


















Huperziaceae Rothm




166












Pteridaceae Reichen





Jsabina L ђ H fr

Pinaceae Lindl




Taxaceae SFGray



Aceraceae Juss





Amaranthaceae Juss


Ahyrbidus L CDF rd





167





































168

Apocynaceae Juss


Aquifoliaceae Bartl


Araliaceae Juss





Asclepiadaceae RBr



























169





































170





































171











Svulgaris L CDEF rd















Balsaminaceae ARich





Betulaceae SF Gray





Boraginaceae Juss

172



























Bplantaginea DC H m






Cimpatiens L CDFH f




173












Buxaceae Dumort


Campanulaceae Juss








Cannabinaceae Endl


Caprifoliaceae Juss













174

































Capparaceae Juss


Celastraceae RBr


175



Chenopodiaceae Vent


Chbotrys L CD snrd


Convolvulaceae Juss





Cornaceae Dumort





Corylaceae Mirb





Crassulaceae DC

Sedum annuum L H r



Shispanicum L C r







Cuscutaceae Dumort



Datiscaceae Lindl

176


Dipsacaceae Juss








Ebenaceae Guerke


Elaeagnaceae Juss

Empetraceae SGray


Ericaceae Juss








Euphorbiaceae Juss













177















Lhirsutus L CDF rdr





















178














Fagaceae Dumort





Fumariaceae DC





Gentianaceae Juss








Geraniaceae Juss



Gdissectum L CD sh


179








Hypericaceae Juss

























Gladanum L CDFH rd




180























Lauraceae Juss


Linaceae Dum



Loranthaceae Juss


Lythraceae St-Hil


Malvaceae Juss




Moraceae Link

181



Mnigra L yen C f






Onagraceae Juss









Orobanchaceae Vent



Oramosa L C al

Oxalidaceae RBr





Papaveraceae Juss








Phytolaccaceae RBr


182

Plantaginaceae Juss





Polygalaceae RBr



Polygonaceae Juss


Charkev)







Ralpinus L bull H m


Primulaceae Vent















Pyrolaceae Dumort


183

Pminor L bull H fsh


Ranunculaceae Juss

























Rchius DC C D rd






Rhamnaceae Juss

184




Rosaceae Juss



Adura Bus bull H bs






























185







Rcanina L ђ CDF fr





















Rubiaceae Juss








Salicaceae Mirb

186









S nigra L ђ CDFH f

Santalaceae RBr



Saxifragaceae Juss
























187















Vthapsus L CDF m













Simaroubaceae DC


Solanaceae Juss







188

Staphyleaceae Lindl


Thymelaeaceae Juss



D mezereum L ђ H f


Tiliaceae Juss



Ulmaceae Mirb



Urticaceae Juss


Vacciniaceae SFGray















Viburnaceae Rafin




Violaceae Batsch


189







MONOCOTILEDONEAE

Alliaceae JAgardh +








Araceae Juss



Commelinaceae RBr






Cyperaceae Juss












190






Dioscoreaceae RBr









Iridaceae Juss





Juncaceae Juss



J bufonius L CDFH s







Liliaceae Juss







191







Orchidaceae Juss















Poaceae Barnhart















192





































193








Palpina L bull H m













Pnatans L bull H s

Ruscaceae Hutch



Smilacaceae Vent


Trilliaceae Lindl


194


xe (yen)

buCqi (ђ)

xe an buCqi (yenђ)

liana (L)

gvimra (P)








sc ndash scree

m ndash mdelo

fm ndash tye- mdelo

fr ndash tye-klde

r ndash klde


bs-qva-RorRi


endemuroba

Caucasian-kavkasiis

Kolchic-kolxeTis



Ajaraian- aWaris

195





ამტანი



სითბოს


2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9



Jsabina L






Taxus baccata L


Acer campestre L


Alaetum CAMey


Aplatanoides L


A trautveterii Medw


Rhus coriaria L




Berberis vulgaris L


Alnus barbata CAMey


196

Aincana (L) Moench




B medwedewii Regel





ჯიქა + +

Ljaponica Thunb


L caucasica Pall


Euonymus europaea L


Elatifolia (L) Mill


E leiophloea Stev




Carpinus betulus L


Corientalis Mill


Corylus avellana L


Diospyros lotus L



დეკა + + +

Rluteum Sweet

იელი + +

+

Rponticum L + + +

197




+

R ungernii Trautv


+











Q pontica CKoch


Ribes alpinum L




Juglans regia L








Foxycarpa Willd


Ligustrum vulgare L


198

L japonicum Thunb


Clematis vitalba L


Frangula alnus Mill
















P caucasica Fed


Rosa boissieri Crep


Rcanina L


Rcorymbifera Borkh

ასკილი









199

Populus tremula L


Salix alba L


Scaprea L


S caucasica Anderss


Sambucus nigra L




Staphylea pinnata L






Dmezereum L


Dpontica L




Ulmus glabra Huds

თელა + + +

Uscarba Mill




Vmyrtillus L


Vuliginosum L



200

უზანი

Vopulus L


+

Vitis vinifera L


Smilax excelsa L








201









2 3 4 5 6 7 8



+



+

Acer campestre L


+

Alaetum CAMey

ქორაფი

+

Aplatanoides L


+



+

Alnus barbata CAMey


+



+

Elatifolia (L) Mill


+

Carpinus betulus L

რცხილა

+

Corientalis Mill


+

Corylus avellana L


+

Diospyros lotus L


+

Rluteum Sweet +

202

იელი

Rponticum L


+

R ungernii Trautv


+



+



+



+



+

Juglans regia L


+



+



+

Frangula alnus Mill


+


ხეშავი

+



+

P caucasica Fed


+

Populus tremula L


+

Salix alba L

ჭნორი

+

Scaprea L


+

Staphylea pinnata L


+

Dmezereum L +

203


Dpontica L


+


ცაცხვი

+

Ulmus glabra Huds

თელა

+



+

Vmyrtillus L

მოცვი

+

Smilax excelsa L


+



+

- 204 -







mtiralas ep

kintriSis dt

1 2 3 4























- 205 -



































- 206 -



+


































- 207 -

















+ +



















- 208 -





































- 209 -












+













შაშვი

+ +













- 210 -












+ +


























- 211 -










+ +









ზღარბი

+




















- 212 -



+ +











+

























- 213 -














- 214 -





- 215 -



- 3 -






108


saxeobebi---------------------------------------------------------------------

106



106



111



114



123







165




195



reliqturoba-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

201





204



214





214

- 4 -

Sesavali






























- 5 -






nakrZali gauqmda









s) 1351-s Seadgens


















- 6 -



Temis aqtualoba






























- 7 -



























kanonzomierebebze






- 8 -









damuSaveba



analizi




gamovlena


Sefaseba





kvlevis meTodebi










- 9 -
















dafaruloba 50-70


Sp (Sparsussporsal)















- 10 -

































- 11 -















gamoyenebiT

mecnieruli siaxle





mdgomareoba





maCveneblebi






- 12 -








mdgomareobas




Taviseburebebi















Sesaxeb





- 13 -








samecniero statiaD











agroekosistemebi







- 14 -








erovnuli parki







- 15 -
















ha-s Seadgens





ha (298)











- 16 -








112)










- 17 -































- 18 -




- 19 -












ekoregionSi




- 20 -

































- 21 -














orografiul raions




















- 22 -





















13 Hhava






waagavs





- 23 -






mkacrdeba




























- 24 -





mxareSic









dRemde


obieqtebze

Mmeteo-

sadguri

zd

simaR

m-Si


I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

qobuleTi 4 48 55 76 109 154 195 224 226 195 156 107 67

boboyvaTi 70 66 68 85 117 157 195 211 224 199 168 125 93

dagva 200 67 67 88 118 158 192 216 222 197 168 124 88

CaqvisTavi 315 50 54 73 113 150 179 200 205 177 149 108 74





- 25 -





























- 26 -






























- 27 -







14 niadgebi
























- 28 -













saxesxvaobebi
















- 29 -






qveda sazRvari

zeda sazRvari

1 2 3 4







47000С-s










- 30 -


1 2 3 4









16-170С-mde













aRwevs 35-45 Tves

- 31 -
































- 32 -









zonaloba























- 33 -



























erodirebulia




- 34 -






15 hidrografia



















mraval CanCqers







- 35 -


abSila da sxv)






60-90 lwm




gruntis wylebiT




















- 36 -







qveda sazRvari

zeda sazRvari

1 2 3 4









Cambisols)





(Gleic Cambisols)




- 37 -










farTod gavrcelda


















nekerCxali da sxva






- 38 -























teritoriebze











- 39 -

































- 40 -















- 41 -






























mis sazRvrebs gareT

- 42 -





farglebSi)














anu 18














- 43 -




monawileobiT



























dafaruli farTobisa

- 44 -






sul

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

muryani

rcxila (T+a)

wabli (T+a)

muxa (T+a)

wifeli

naZvi

Sqeri da wyavi

sxva merqnianebi

sul

4560

36

5730

45

28620

223

-

71290

555

1390

11

14830

115

1980

15

128400

100

496

22

808

36

4015

181

-

15985

717

404

18

465

21

106

05

22279

100

20440

130

7898

503

5448

35

-

102880

6553

-

-

17000

1082

3324

212

156990

100

2348

1145

10103

492

3202

156

-

164253

8010

-

-

3422

167

588

03

205048

100

25000

876

13628

477

34068

1194

-

174170

6102

1390

11

31830

1115

5304

126

285390

100

2844

665

18183

425

43352

1013

324103

7575

404

18

8072

104

1648

038

427838

100

- 45 -





daculi teritoria


boniteti sixSire




17180

133

88542

564

85820

668

50237

320

25400

199

18211

116

35490

277

22293

142

43700

340

55731

355

49210

383

78966

503

daculi

teritoriebi

xnovanebiTi jgufi


uxnesi

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

75

06

17583

112

1292

104

122452

780

2118

160

9262

59

9355

730

7692

49

- 46 -






























- 47 -


administraciuli

erTeuli


mwife da

uxnesi

koromebis

farTobebi

(ha)

xno

vaneb

a

boni

tet

i

sixSir

e


aTasi m3

tyiT

dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

aTasi m3

tyiT

dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

aTasi m3

tyiT dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

141 II-6 062 20542 1360 13434 205 204 13 93880

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

116

III-6

059

22279

1740

17747

1900

179

14

93550

48























simindi 8 tona

lobio 1 tona

kartofili 6 tona

bostneuli 1 tona

xili 5 tona






49













wyaroa




















50



dafiqsirebula












2007 weli 0

2008 weli 458

2009 weli 1577

2010 weli 3464

2011 weli 3212

2012 weli 4800




meurneoba








51

































52


ha (298)

















(Castanea sativa)






sixSiris koromebze









53






















samuSaoebi











54


Wrebi warmoadgenda





gaumjobesdeba






















tyis farTobebze





55









Seadgina



















169500 kubm


298300 kubm


139900 kubm

56


173000 kubm


187900 kubm

























simindi 5712 tona

lobio 576 tona

kartofili 3408 tona

bostneuli 3049 tona

xili 1249 tona

57

yurZeni 2097 tona

citrusi 6700 tona

Tambaqo 11 tona























tonamde Tafli




Seadgens

wabli 416 tona

kakali 141 8 tona

mocvi 154 tona

58

mayvali 25 tona

soko 15 tona






















RameSi









59







saavtomobilo gzas



aRiniSneba









dRiT








2007 weli 69

2008 weli 628

2009 weli 2533

2010 weli 15350

2011 weli 19400


60

























aqedan









61

aqedan












dafiqsirebula











62









(Whittaker 1972)























63














Jukka 2007)




















64




























olqebs uaxlovdeba






65


































66







1974)



























67



Semdegi sartylebiT































68

































69
































70
































71










tyis qvesartyeli





damaxasiaTebeli)


















72


















73










donidan farglebSi






dafaruloba 30-35










dafaruloba 50-70




farglebSi

74




















75


nuda herbosa)






ponticum

iarusi C ar aris





Carpinus betulus








baccata


Hedera colchica




76


aestifruticosa)































77











nakrZalSi)






78































79

















80











farglebSi (sur 315)




torminalis

















81



aestifruticosa)





sativa






82



83



















70













84



farglebSi






dafaruloba 60-70









85















Tilia begonifolia














86



farglebSi










donidan farglebSi


















87



















88




























specifikuri tipebi




89

































90


































91






























92

































93




uwodeben











ferdobebi uWiravT









A albana da sxv









94


























ekoregionSi


95





(cxrili 3211)











dacul teritoriebze




taqsonomiuri jgufi

ojaxi gvari saxeoba

Pteridophyta

13 18 29

Spermatophyta

103 574 865

Gymnospermae

3 2 5

Angiospermae

100 572 861

Dicotyledones

83 494 721

Monocotyledones

17 78 140

sul

116 593 894

96



















ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba











97

xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36

buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55

xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19

liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29




























98

















99






gvarSi erTiandebian


(cxrili 3221)










taqsonomiuri

jgufi

ojaxi gvari saxeoba



Gymnospermae 1 1 1




sul 107 306 522

100













alpuri sartylebi


ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba











101










xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32

buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41

xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5

liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25

















102


















103



















floris endemebi










104





















arian warmodgenili













105



aWaris-3






















106











Tanafardoba








107




















muSaoba














108


















VU ndash mowyvladi














109


















woronowii)















110





















woronowii






11 - (VU)

2 - (EN) 12 - (VU)

sul 13 12


151 - (NE) 48 - (NE)

8 - (LC) 3 - (LC)

6 - (NT) 2 -(NT)

6 -(DD) -

111


daavadebebi
















4 - (VUD2) 1 - (VUD2)

sul 185 60



decreasing)


31 Pop trend

decreasing)


31)



1 - (Lower Risknear


updating))


23 (needs updating)

2 - Lower Riskleast


updating)


stable

sul 205 78

112






















113

sur 421 sur 422

sur 423 sur 424





sur 425 sur 426

114

sur 427 sur 428












qrobadi saxeobebi)








115

























klasi


sul

(100) sul sul

FTevzebi 153 20 130 20 130

amfibiebi 10 7 700 4 400

reptiliebi 24 10 410 9 370

116




(51) saxeoba



cxrili 433 ndashSi






















gadanawilebuli

frivnelebi 337 96 280 104 300


s u l 596 158 260 174 290

117

















118










- 1 ndash EN

(IUCNDI)




1 ndash VU (A1e) -


- 1 - VU (B2a)



sul 15 17

119


2 ndash EN


2 ndash EN

(A2bcde+3bcde+

4bcde)

22 - LC 22 - LC

- 1 ndash VU

(A2ce+3ce+4ce)

- 1 ndash EN

(Blab(Iiii)


(B2ab(iiiiiv)

7 - NT 7 - NT



(B2ab(iiiii)

sul

34 36

120




mtiralas ep

kintriSis dt


(2006)


1 2 3 4 5











1977)








121


1 2 3 4 5






VU (D1) EN







VU (D1) LC









- 121 -












1 ndash VU (A1e) -


- 1 - VU (B2a)





2 ndash EN


2 ndash EN

(A2bcde+3bcde+4b

cde)

22 - LC 22 - LC

- 1 ndash VU

(A2ce+3ce+4ce)



(B2ab(iiiiiv)

7 - NT 7 - NT




34 36

- 122 -



- 123 -
















dayrdnobiT)

cxovelis saxeoba


arCvi Rupicapra

rupicapra

LC ver 31 Pop

trend unknown

2010 weli

2012 weli

2010 weli

2012 weli

91 112 170 170 (200)

wavi Lutra

lutra

NT ver 31 Pop

trend decreasing

15 32 135 135(150)

mura daTvi

Ursus arctos

LC ver 31 Pop

trend stable

95 83 80 86

mgeli Canis

lupus

LC ver 31 Pop

trend stable

16 27

5 5

kverna Martes

foina M

martes

LC ver 31) Pop

trend stable

160 168 145 155


anomalus

LC ver 31 165 265 72 75

- 124 -












nadgurdeba

















- 125 -































- 126 -































- 127 -



128

cxrili 511


mixedviT

D

daculi teritoria

sf

simaRlzd(m)

eqspozicia

ferdobis daxriloba


boniteti


qvetyis dafaruloba

() sixSire


ganaxlebis Sefaseba


1956)

saxeoba

1-10sm

11-30sm

31-50sm

gt 51

sul

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

1

850 sd 15-20

Castanetum

azaleosum TesliTi

81-100 I-II

10wb+rc+nZ

20

06-07

wabli

1600

40

23600

578

7200

176

8400

206

40800

100

saukeTeso

sul

1600

40

23600

578

7200

176

8400

206

40800

100

129


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

2

980

Crd

20-250

Castanetum

rhododen-

drosum

TesliTi

100-120

II-III

8wb1wf

1rcx+nZ

45

07-08

wabli

850

168

1400

277

2020

400

780

155

5050

100

susti

wifeli

-

-

320

299

-

-

750

701

1070

100

rcxila

-

-

120

632

-

-

70

368

190

100

naZvi

-

-

60

375

-

-

100

625

160

100

sul

850

131

1900

294

2020

312

1700

263

6470

100

130


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mmtiralas erovnuli

parki 3

560 Crd 15-200

Castanetum

rhododen-

drosum TesliTi

120 II

9wb1Tx+rcx+wf 70

05

wabli

80

79

560

555

150

149

220

217

1010

100

Zlier susti

wifeli

-

-

70

292

-

-

170

708

240

100

rcxila

-

-

160

470

70

206

110

324

340

100

sul 80

50

790

500

210

133

500

317

1580

100

Mmtiralas erovnuli

parki 4

800 samxdas 25-30-400

Castanetum

rubosum TesliTi

90 III

7wb+2wf1Tx +rcx 80

04

wabli

-

-

-

-

70

368

120

632

190

100

Zlier susti

wifeli

-

-

140

341

210

512

60

147

410

100

sul -

-

140

233

280

467

180

300

600

100

- 131 -

















boniteti

mozardis

xnovaneba (weli )


maxasiaTeblebi

M saS

metri

Mm

metri

nimuSebis

raodenoba

1 2 3 4 5

maRali

bonitetis

wablnarebSi

(ielis qvetyiT)

1 0-10 002 3

2 11-30 003 3

3 31-50 004 3

5 50 da gt 006 6

saSualo

bonitetis

wablnarebSi

(Sqeris qvetyiT)

2 0-10 002 3

3 11-30 003 3

4 31-50 004 3

7 50 da gt 006 6

- 132 -

























sxvaTa SromebSi







- 133 -

































- 134 -














135

cxrili 521


mixedviT

daculi

teritoria

sf

asociacia

simaRlzd(m)

eqspozicia

ferdobis

daxriloba

(gradusi)

Kkoromis

Semadgenloba

qvetyis

dafaruloba ()

saburvelis

Sekruloba

sixSire


cali 1 ha-ze

ganaxlebis

Sefaseba

saxeoba

lt05

06-15

gt15

sul

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

1

Fagetum

rhododendrosum

920

Crd das

250

10wf+wb

60

09

07

wf

2300

730

700

222

150

48

3150

100

susti rc

-

-

120

75

40

25

160

100

sul

2300

695

820

248

190

57

3310

100

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

2

Fagetum rubosum

860

Crd

200

10wf+rcx+

+ccx

20

06

06

wf

8800

259

16800

494

8400

247

34000

100

kargi rcx

50

169

170

576

75

255

295

100

sul

8850

258

16970

495

8475

247

34295

100

136


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

3

Fagetum- Carpine-

to azalesum

1223

Crd

250

8wf+2rcx

30

09

07

wf

rcx

3100

233

280

718

6800

511

110

282

3400

256

-

-

13300

100

390

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 3380

247

6910

505

3400

248

13690

100

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

4

Fagetum festuco-

sum

1780

samx aRm

350

10wf+rcx

+nk

20

06

05

wf

rcx

5370

303

320

615

8650

488

130

250

3700

209

70

135

17720

100

520

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 5690

312

8780

481

3770

207

18240

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

5

Fagetum

rhododendrosum 875

Crd das

150

10wf+wb

60

09

07

wf

rcx

1500

893

50

303

180

107

70

424

-

-

45

273

1680

100

165

100

susti sul 1550

840

250

135

45

25

1845

100

137


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

6

Fagetum rubosum

900

Crd

200

10wf+rcx+

+ccx

20

06

06

wf

rcx

8800

259

120

414

16800

494

80

276

8400

247

90

310

34000

100

290

100

kargi

sul 8920

182

16880

348

8490

176

34290

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

7

Fagetum -Carpine-

to azalesum

1100

Crd

300

7wf3rcx+wb

30

08

07

wf

rcx

2200

193

70

778

5800

509

20

222

3400

298

-

-

11400

100

90

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 2270

197

5820

507

3400

296

11490

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

8

Fagetum

rhododendrosum 380

Crd das

250

8wf2rcx+Tx

70

06

04

wf

rcx

200

741

80

727

70

259

30

273

-

-

-

-

270

100

110

100

Zlier susti

sul

280

737

100

263

-

-

380

100

138

















pirobebi






139






























140





























141






rhododendrosum


















laurocerasosum)


rhododendrozum)





142



Fagetum rubosum




























143









555 - s Seadgens




Senecio Cardamine-8




















144



















Seadgens






maCvenebelia






145









saxeoba-19




















146







gadanawilebuli














(LC)











147






SesaZleblobebi












ganviTarebuli













148







mimdinareoba























149



gv


442 gv

3 batoniSvili

vaxuSti 1944




2002 280 gv







Sro t II gv 32-42






8 bunebis matiane

200820092010













150




Tbilisi 2002 31 gv








69-82




1987


aWarardquo gv 2-3
















347-351




151




























1961 249gv




Tbilisi 1994 16gv






152











baTumi gv 173-181






13













59 gv









153








tomi V gv 5-8




1964 (rusul enaze)







1971 200 gv












gv 267-281



40




1998

154





54 falavandiSvili

1987



aWara~ 1987 104 gv

55 falavandiSvili

1993






Tbilisi 1993 27 gv

56 falavandiSvili

2004







გვ



487 gv















155


123










1896 кн 1 стр 22














56-60 Рус















156

Кн 2 М Тула 2006 с 62-64 Рус




















журнал т 35 2 1950 стр 192-193





англ



с 22-26




1956 354 стр


1956 354 стр







157

стр












32 стр


Москва 1966 стр 223-225




Москва 1966 стр 223-225






ил Рус






3 стр 66-70



196



стр31-44



1906 стр175-193


158



1935 стр 1-32



4 стр 132-145



104-112



М-Л 1936 стр 1-46




163









стр



стр













159



















стр












4 Киров 2006 с 451-453 Рус



стр 1315-1324



стр 1315-1324


тVII 7 1946 стр 447-453



160




















рез англ














англ


2007






161





1181 Англ







2006














Tbilisi 2010 36p


press 1997 858 pp




10 с 1729-1749 Англ




No 2 pp 93-164







162










фр







2005









27 N 5 с 1690 1690-1695 Кит рез англ





Taxon 1972 V21 p 213-251













163





164 eleqtronuli

informaciebi





httpwwwnacresorg













httpwwwgaremoitdcge



httpwwwbiodivorg






2010




antspdf





asus_Region)

164



spdf






html

165




1 5 6 7 8









Athyriaceae Alst


















Huperziaceae Rothm




166












Pteridaceae Reichen





Jsabina L ђ H fr

Pinaceae Lindl




Taxaceae SFGray



Aceraceae Juss





Amaranthaceae Juss


Ahyrbidus L CDF rd





167





































168

Apocynaceae Juss


Aquifoliaceae Bartl


Araliaceae Juss





Asclepiadaceae RBr



























169





































170





































171











Svulgaris L CDEF rd















Balsaminaceae ARich





Betulaceae SF Gray





Boraginaceae Juss

172



























Bplantaginea DC H m






Cimpatiens L CDFH f




173












Buxaceae Dumort


Campanulaceae Juss








Cannabinaceae Endl


Caprifoliaceae Juss













174

































Capparaceae Juss


Celastraceae RBr


175



Chenopodiaceae Vent


Chbotrys L CD snrd


Convolvulaceae Juss





Cornaceae Dumort





Corylaceae Mirb





Crassulaceae DC

Sedum annuum L H r



Shispanicum L C r







Cuscutaceae Dumort



Datiscaceae Lindl

176


Dipsacaceae Juss








Ebenaceae Guerke


Elaeagnaceae Juss

Empetraceae SGray


Ericaceae Juss








Euphorbiaceae Juss













177















Lhirsutus L CDF rdr





















178














Fagaceae Dumort





Fumariaceae DC





Gentianaceae Juss








Geraniaceae Juss



Gdissectum L CD sh


179








Hypericaceae Juss

























Gladanum L CDFH rd




180























Lauraceae Juss


Linaceae Dum



Loranthaceae Juss


Lythraceae St-Hil


Malvaceae Juss




Moraceae Link

181



Mnigra L yen C f






Onagraceae Juss









Orobanchaceae Vent



Oramosa L C al

Oxalidaceae RBr





Papaveraceae Juss








Phytolaccaceae RBr


182

Plantaginaceae Juss





Polygalaceae RBr



Polygonaceae Juss


Charkev)







Ralpinus L bull H m


Primulaceae Vent















Pyrolaceae Dumort


183

Pminor L bull H fsh


Ranunculaceae Juss

























Rchius DC C D rd






Rhamnaceae Juss

184




Rosaceae Juss



Adura Bus bull H bs






























185







Rcanina L ђ CDF fr





















Rubiaceae Juss








Salicaceae Mirb

186









S nigra L ђ CDFH f

Santalaceae RBr



Saxifragaceae Juss
























187















Vthapsus L CDF m













Simaroubaceae DC


Solanaceae Juss







188

Staphyleaceae Lindl


Thymelaeaceae Juss



D mezereum L ђ H f


Tiliaceae Juss



Ulmaceae Mirb



Urticaceae Juss


Vacciniaceae SFGray















Viburnaceae Rafin




Violaceae Batsch


189







MONOCOTILEDONEAE

Alliaceae JAgardh +








Araceae Juss



Commelinaceae RBr






Cyperaceae Juss












190






Dioscoreaceae RBr









Iridaceae Juss





Juncaceae Juss



J bufonius L CDFH s







Liliaceae Juss







191







Orchidaceae Juss















Poaceae Barnhart















192





































193








Palpina L bull H m













Pnatans L bull H s

Ruscaceae Hutch



Smilacaceae Vent


Trilliaceae Lindl


194


xe (yen)

buCqi (ђ)

xe an buCqi (yenђ)

liana (L)

gvimra (P)








sc ndash scree

m ndash mdelo

fm ndash tye- mdelo

fr ndash tye-klde

r ndash klde


bs-qva-RorRi


endemuroba

Caucasian-kavkasiis

Kolchic-kolxeTis



Ajaraian- aWaris

195





ამტანი



სითბოს


2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9



Jsabina L






Taxus baccata L


Acer campestre L


Alaetum CAMey


Aplatanoides L


A trautveterii Medw


Rhus coriaria L




Berberis vulgaris L


Alnus barbata CAMey


196

Aincana (L) Moench




B medwedewii Regel





ჯიქა + +

Ljaponica Thunb


L caucasica Pall


Euonymus europaea L


Elatifolia (L) Mill


E leiophloea Stev




Carpinus betulus L


Corientalis Mill


Corylus avellana L


Diospyros lotus L



დეკა + + +

Rluteum Sweet

იელი + +

+

Rponticum L + + +

197




+

R ungernii Trautv


+











Q pontica CKoch


Ribes alpinum L




Juglans regia L








Foxycarpa Willd


Ligustrum vulgare L


198

L japonicum Thunb


Clematis vitalba L


Frangula alnus Mill
















P caucasica Fed


Rosa boissieri Crep


Rcanina L


Rcorymbifera Borkh

ასკილი









199

Populus tremula L


Salix alba L


Scaprea L


S caucasica Anderss


Sambucus nigra L




Staphylea pinnata L






Dmezereum L


Dpontica L




Ulmus glabra Huds

თელა + + +

Uscarba Mill




Vmyrtillus L


Vuliginosum L



200

უზანი

Vopulus L


+

Vitis vinifera L


Smilax excelsa L








201









2 3 4 5 6 7 8



+



+

Acer campestre L


+

Alaetum CAMey

ქორაფი

+

Aplatanoides L


+



+

Alnus barbata CAMey


+



+

Elatifolia (L) Mill


+

Carpinus betulus L

რცხილა

+

Corientalis Mill


+

Corylus avellana L


+

Diospyros lotus L


+

Rluteum Sweet +

202

იელი

Rponticum L


+

R ungernii Trautv


+



+



+



+



+

Juglans regia L


+



+



+

Frangula alnus Mill


+


ხეშავი

+



+

P caucasica Fed


+

Populus tremula L


+

Salix alba L

ჭნორი

+

Scaprea L


+

Staphylea pinnata L


+

Dmezereum L +

203


Dpontica L


+


ცაცხვი

+

Ulmus glabra Huds

თელა

+



+

Vmyrtillus L

მოცვი

+

Smilax excelsa L


+



+

- 204 -







mtiralas ep

kintriSis dt

1 2 3 4























- 205 -



































- 206 -



+


































- 207 -

















+ +



















- 208 -





































- 209 -












+













შაშვი

+ +













- 210 -












+ +


























- 211 -










+ +









ზღარბი

+




















- 212 -



+ +











+

























- 213 -














- 214 -





- 215 -



- 4 -

Sesavali






























- 5 -






nakrZali gauqmda









s) 1351-s Seadgens


















- 6 -



Temis aqtualoba






























- 7 -



























kanonzomierebebze






- 8 -









damuSaveba



analizi




gamovlena


Sefaseba





kvlevis meTodebi










- 9 -
















dafaruloba 50-70


Sp (Sparsussporsal)















- 10 -

































- 11 -















gamoyenebiT

mecnieruli siaxle





mdgomareoba





maCveneblebi






- 12 -








mdgomareobas




Taviseburebebi















Sesaxeb





- 13 -








samecniero statiaD











agroekosistemebi







- 14 -








erovnuli parki







- 15 -
















ha-s Seadgens





ha (298)











- 16 -








112)










- 17 -































- 18 -




- 19 -












ekoregionSi




- 20 -

































- 21 -














orografiul raions




















- 22 -





















13 Hhava






waagavs





- 23 -






mkacrdeba




























- 24 -





mxareSic









dRemde


obieqtebze

Mmeteo-

sadguri

zd

simaR

m-Si


I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

qobuleTi 4 48 55 76 109 154 195 224 226 195 156 107 67

boboyvaTi 70 66 68 85 117 157 195 211 224 199 168 125 93

dagva 200 67 67 88 118 158 192 216 222 197 168 124 88

CaqvisTavi 315 50 54 73 113 150 179 200 205 177 149 108 74





- 25 -





























- 26 -






























- 27 -







14 niadgebi
























- 28 -













saxesxvaobebi
















- 29 -






qveda sazRvari

zeda sazRvari

1 2 3 4







47000С-s










- 30 -


1 2 3 4









16-170С-mde













aRwevs 35-45 Tves

- 31 -
































- 32 -









zonaloba























- 33 -



























erodirebulia




- 34 -






15 hidrografia



















mraval CanCqers







- 35 -


abSila da sxv)






60-90 lwm




gruntis wylebiT




















- 36 -







qveda sazRvari

zeda sazRvari

1 2 3 4









Cambisols)





(Gleic Cambisols)




- 37 -










farTod gavrcelda


















nekerCxali da sxva






- 38 -























teritoriebze











- 39 -

































- 40 -















- 41 -






























mis sazRvrebs gareT

- 42 -





farglebSi)














anu 18














- 43 -




monawileobiT



























dafaruli farTobisa

- 44 -






sul

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

muryani

rcxila (T+a)

wabli (T+a)

muxa (T+a)

wifeli

naZvi

Sqeri da wyavi

sxva merqnianebi

sul

4560

36

5730

45

28620

223

-

71290

555

1390

11

14830

115

1980

15

128400

100

496

22

808

36

4015

181

-

15985

717

404

18

465

21

106

05

22279

100

20440

130

7898

503

5448

35

-

102880

6553

-

-

17000

1082

3324

212

156990

100

2348

1145

10103

492

3202

156

-

164253

8010

-

-

3422

167

588

03

205048

100

25000

876

13628

477

34068

1194

-

174170

6102

1390

11

31830

1115

5304

126

285390

100

2844

665

18183

425

43352

1013

324103

7575

404

18

8072

104

1648

038

427838

100

- 45 -





daculi teritoria


boniteti sixSire




17180

133

88542

564

85820

668

50237

320

25400

199

18211

116

35490

277

22293

142

43700

340

55731

355

49210

383

78966

503

daculi

teritoriebi

xnovanebiTi jgufi


uxnesi

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

75

06

17583

112

1292

104

122452

780

2118

160

9262

59

9355

730

7692

49

- 46 -






























- 47 -


administraciuli

erTeuli


mwife da

uxnesi

koromebis

farTobebi

(ha)

xno

vaneb

a

boni

tet

i

sixSir

e


aTasi m3

tyiT

dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

aTasi m3

tyiT

dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

aTasi m3

tyiT dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

141 II-6 062 20542 1360 13434 205 204 13 93880

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

116

III-6

059

22279

1740

17747

1900

179

14

93550

48























simindi 8 tona

lobio 1 tona

kartofili 6 tona

bostneuli 1 tona

xili 5 tona






49













wyaroa




















50



dafiqsirebula












2007 weli 0

2008 weli 458

2009 weli 1577

2010 weli 3464

2011 weli 3212

2012 weli 4800




meurneoba








51

































52


ha (298)

















(Castanea sativa)






sixSiris koromebze









53






















samuSaoebi











54


Wrebi warmoadgenda





gaumjobesdeba






















tyis farTobebze





55









Seadgina



















169500 kubm


298300 kubm


139900 kubm

56


173000 kubm


187900 kubm

























simindi 5712 tona

lobio 576 tona

kartofili 3408 tona

bostneuli 3049 tona

xili 1249 tona

57

yurZeni 2097 tona

citrusi 6700 tona

Tambaqo 11 tona























tonamde Tafli




Seadgens

wabli 416 tona

kakali 141 8 tona

mocvi 154 tona

58

mayvali 25 tona

soko 15 tona






















RameSi









59







saavtomobilo gzas



aRiniSneba









dRiT








2007 weli 69

2008 weli 628

2009 weli 2533

2010 weli 15350

2011 weli 19400


60

























aqedan









61

aqedan












dafiqsirebula











62









(Whittaker 1972)























63














Jukka 2007)




















64




























olqebs uaxlovdeba






65


































66







1974)



























67



Semdegi sartylebiT































68

































69
































70
































71










tyis qvesartyeli





damaxasiaTebeli)


















72


















73










donidan farglebSi






dafaruloba 30-35










dafaruloba 50-70




farglebSi

74




















75


nuda herbosa)






ponticum

iarusi C ar aris





Carpinus betulus








baccata


Hedera colchica




76


aestifruticosa)































77











nakrZalSi)






78































79

















80











farglebSi (sur 315)




torminalis

















81



aestifruticosa)





sativa






82



83



















70













84



farglebSi






dafaruloba 60-70









85















Tilia begonifolia














86



farglebSi










donidan farglebSi


















87



















88




























specifikuri tipebi




89

































90


































91






























92

































93




uwodeben











ferdobebi uWiravT









A albana da sxv









94


























ekoregionSi


95





(cxrili 3211)











dacul teritoriebze




taqsonomiuri jgufi

ojaxi gvari saxeoba

Pteridophyta

13 18 29

Spermatophyta

103 574 865

Gymnospermae

3 2 5

Angiospermae

100 572 861

Dicotyledones

83 494 721

Monocotyledones

17 78 140

sul

116 593 894

96



















ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba











97

xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36

buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55

xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19

liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29




























98

















99






gvarSi erTiandebian


(cxrili 3221)










taqsonomiuri

jgufi

ojaxi gvari saxeoba



Gymnospermae 1 1 1




sul 107 306 522

100













alpuri sartylebi


ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba











101










xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32

buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41

xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5

liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25

















102


















103



















floris endemebi










104





















arian warmodgenili













105



aWaris-3






















106











Tanafardoba








107




















muSaoba














108


















VU ndash mowyvladi














109


















woronowii)















110





















woronowii






11 - (VU)

2 - (EN) 12 - (VU)

sul 13 12


151 - (NE) 48 - (NE)

8 - (LC) 3 - (LC)

6 - (NT) 2 -(NT)

6 -(DD) -

111


daavadebebi
















4 - (VUD2) 1 - (VUD2)

sul 185 60



decreasing)


31 Pop trend

decreasing)


31)



1 - (Lower Risknear


updating))


23 (needs updating)

2 - Lower Riskleast


updating)


stable

sul 205 78

112






















113

sur 421 sur 422

sur 423 sur 424





sur 425 sur 426

114

sur 427 sur 428












qrobadi saxeobebi)








115

























klasi


sul

(100) sul sul

FTevzebi 153 20 130 20 130

amfibiebi 10 7 700 4 400

reptiliebi 24 10 410 9 370

116




(51) saxeoba



cxrili 433 ndashSi






















gadanawilebuli

frivnelebi 337 96 280 104 300


s u l 596 158 260 174 290

117

















118










- 1 ndash EN

(IUCNDI)




1 ndash VU (A1e) -


- 1 - VU (B2a)



sul 15 17

119


2 ndash EN


2 ndash EN

(A2bcde+3bcde+

4bcde)

22 - LC 22 - LC

- 1 ndash VU

(A2ce+3ce+4ce)

- 1 ndash EN

(Blab(Iiii)


(B2ab(iiiiiv)

7 - NT 7 - NT



(B2ab(iiiii)

sul

34 36

120




mtiralas ep

kintriSis dt


(2006)


1 2 3 4 5











1977)








121


1 2 3 4 5






VU (D1) EN







VU (D1) LC









- 121 -












1 ndash VU (A1e) -


- 1 - VU (B2a)





2 ndash EN


2 ndash EN

(A2bcde+3bcde+4b

cde)

22 - LC 22 - LC

- 1 ndash VU

(A2ce+3ce+4ce)



(B2ab(iiiiiv)

7 - NT 7 - NT




34 36

- 122 -



- 123 -
















dayrdnobiT)

cxovelis saxeoba


arCvi Rupicapra

rupicapra

LC ver 31 Pop

trend unknown

2010 weli

2012 weli

2010 weli

2012 weli

91 112 170 170 (200)

wavi Lutra

lutra

NT ver 31 Pop

trend decreasing

15 32 135 135(150)

mura daTvi

Ursus arctos

LC ver 31 Pop

trend stable

95 83 80 86

mgeli Canis

lupus

LC ver 31 Pop

trend stable

16 27

5 5

kverna Martes

foina M

martes

LC ver 31) Pop

trend stable

160 168 145 155


anomalus

LC ver 31 165 265 72 75

- 124 -












nadgurdeba

















- 125 -































- 126 -































- 127 -



128

cxrili 511


mixedviT

D

daculi teritoria

sf

simaRlzd(m)

eqspozicia

ferdobis daxriloba


boniteti


qvetyis dafaruloba

() sixSire


ganaxlebis Sefaseba


1956)

saxeoba

1-10sm

11-30sm

31-50sm

gt 51

sul

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

1

850 sd 15-20

Castanetum

azaleosum TesliTi

81-100 I-II

10wb+rc+nZ

20

06-07

wabli

1600

40

23600

578

7200

176

8400

206

40800

100

saukeTeso

sul

1600

40

23600

578

7200

176

8400

206

40800

100

129


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

2

980

Crd

20-250

Castanetum

rhododen-

drosum

TesliTi

100-120

II-III

8wb1wf

1rcx+nZ

45

07-08

wabli

850

168

1400

277

2020

400

780

155

5050

100

susti

wifeli

-

-

320

299

-

-

750

701

1070

100

rcxila

-

-

120

632

-

-

70

368

190

100

naZvi

-

-

60

375

-

-

100

625

160

100

sul

850

131

1900

294

2020

312

1700

263

6470

100

130


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mmtiralas erovnuli

parki 3

560 Crd 15-200

Castanetum

rhododen-

drosum TesliTi

120 II

9wb1Tx+rcx+wf 70

05

wabli

80

79

560

555

150

149

220

217

1010

100

Zlier susti

wifeli

-

-

70

292

-

-

170

708

240

100

rcxila

-

-

160

470

70

206

110

324

340

100

sul 80

50

790

500

210

133

500

317

1580

100

Mmtiralas erovnuli

parki 4

800 samxdas 25-30-400

Castanetum

rubosum TesliTi

90 III

7wb+2wf1Tx +rcx 80

04

wabli

-

-

-

-

70

368

120

632

190

100

Zlier susti

wifeli

-

-

140

341

210

512

60

147

410

100

sul -

-

140

233

280

467

180

300

600

100

- 131 -

















boniteti

mozardis

xnovaneba (weli )


maxasiaTeblebi

M saS

metri

Mm

metri

nimuSebis

raodenoba

1 2 3 4 5

maRali

bonitetis

wablnarebSi

(ielis qvetyiT)

1 0-10 002 3

2 11-30 003 3

3 31-50 004 3

5 50 da gt 006 6

saSualo

bonitetis

wablnarebSi

(Sqeris qvetyiT)

2 0-10 002 3

3 11-30 003 3

4 31-50 004 3

7 50 da gt 006 6

- 132 -

























sxvaTa SromebSi







- 133 -

































- 134 -














135

cxrili 521


mixedviT

daculi

teritoria

sf

asociacia

simaRlzd(m)

eqspozicia

ferdobis

daxriloba

(gradusi)

Kkoromis

Semadgenloba

qvetyis

dafaruloba ()

saburvelis

Sekruloba

sixSire


cali 1 ha-ze

ganaxlebis

Sefaseba

saxeoba

lt05

06-15

gt15

sul

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

1

Fagetum

rhododendrosum

920

Crd das

250

10wf+wb

60

09

07

wf

2300

730

700

222

150

48

3150

100

susti rc

-

-

120

75

40

25

160

100

sul

2300

695

820

248

190

57

3310

100

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

2

Fagetum rubosum

860

Crd

200

10wf+rcx+

+ccx

20

06

06

wf

8800

259

16800

494

8400

247

34000

100

kargi rcx

50

169

170

576

75

255

295

100

sul

8850

258

16970

495

8475

247

34295

100

136


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

3

Fagetum- Carpine-

to azalesum

1223

Crd

250

8wf+2rcx

30

09

07

wf

rcx

3100

233

280

718

6800

511

110

282

3400

256

-

-

13300

100

390

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 3380

247

6910

505

3400

248

13690

100

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

4

Fagetum festuco-

sum

1780

samx aRm

350

10wf+rcx

+nk

20

06

05

wf

rcx

5370

303

320

615

8650

488

130

250

3700

209

70

135

17720

100

520

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 5690

312

8780

481

3770

207

18240

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

5

Fagetum

rhododendrosum 875

Crd das

150

10wf+wb

60

09

07

wf

rcx

1500

893

50

303

180

107

70

424

-

-

45

273

1680

100

165

100

susti sul 1550

840

250

135

45

25

1845

100

137


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

6

Fagetum rubosum

900

Crd

200

10wf+rcx+

+ccx

20

06

06

wf

rcx

8800

259

120

414

16800

494

80

276

8400

247

90

310

34000

100

290

100

kargi

sul 8920

182

16880

348

8490

176

34290

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

7

Fagetum -Carpine-

to azalesum

1100

Crd

300

7wf3rcx+wb

30

08

07

wf

rcx

2200

193

70

778

5800

509

20

222

3400

298

-

-

11400

100

90

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 2270

197

5820

507

3400

296

11490

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

8

Fagetum

rhododendrosum 380

Crd das

250

8wf2rcx+Tx

70

06

04

wf

rcx

200

741

80

727

70

259

30

273

-

-

-

-

270

100

110

100

Zlier susti

sul

280

737

100

263

-

-

380

100

138

















pirobebi






139






























140





























141






rhododendrosum


















laurocerasosum)


rhododendrozum)





142



Fagetum rubosum




























143









555 - s Seadgens




Senecio Cardamine-8




















144



















Seadgens






maCvenebelia






145









saxeoba-19




















146







gadanawilebuli














(LC)











147






SesaZleblobebi












ganviTarebuli













148







mimdinareoba























149



gv


442 gv

3 batoniSvili

vaxuSti 1944




2002 280 gv







Sro t II gv 32-42






8 bunebis matiane

200820092010













150




Tbilisi 2002 31 gv








69-82




1987


aWarardquo gv 2-3
















347-351




151




























1961 249gv




Tbilisi 1994 16gv






152











baTumi gv 173-181






13













59 gv









153








tomi V gv 5-8




1964 (rusul enaze)







1971 200 gv












gv 267-281



40




1998

154





54 falavandiSvili

1987



aWara~ 1987 104 gv

55 falavandiSvili

1993






Tbilisi 1993 27 gv

56 falavandiSvili

2004







გვ



487 gv















155


123










1896 кн 1 стр 22














56-60 Рус















156

Кн 2 М Тула 2006 с 62-64 Рус




















журнал т 35 2 1950 стр 192-193





англ



с 22-26




1956 354 стр


1956 354 стр







157

стр












32 стр


Москва 1966 стр 223-225




Москва 1966 стр 223-225






ил Рус






3 стр 66-70



196



стр31-44



1906 стр175-193


158



1935 стр 1-32



4 стр 132-145



104-112



М-Л 1936 стр 1-46




163









стр



стр













159



















стр












4 Киров 2006 с 451-453 Рус



стр 1315-1324



стр 1315-1324


тVII 7 1946 стр 447-453



160




















рез англ














англ


2007






161





1181 Англ







2006














Tbilisi 2010 36p


press 1997 858 pp




10 с 1729-1749 Англ




No 2 pp 93-164







162










фр







2005









27 N 5 с 1690 1690-1695 Кит рез англ





Taxon 1972 V21 p 213-251













163





164 eleqtronuli

informaciebi





httpwwwnacresorg













httpwwwgaremoitdcge



httpwwwbiodivorg






2010




antspdf





asus_Region)

164



spdf






html

165




1 5 6 7 8









Athyriaceae Alst


















Huperziaceae Rothm




166












Pteridaceae Reichen





Jsabina L ђ H fr

Pinaceae Lindl




Taxaceae SFGray



Aceraceae Juss





Amaranthaceae Juss


Ahyrbidus L CDF rd





167





































168

Apocynaceae Juss


Aquifoliaceae Bartl


Araliaceae Juss





Asclepiadaceae RBr



























169





































170





































171











Svulgaris L CDEF rd















Balsaminaceae ARich





Betulaceae SF Gray





Boraginaceae Juss

172



























Bplantaginea DC H m






Cimpatiens L CDFH f




173












Buxaceae Dumort


Campanulaceae Juss








Cannabinaceae Endl


Caprifoliaceae Juss













174

































Capparaceae Juss


Celastraceae RBr


175



Chenopodiaceae Vent


Chbotrys L CD snrd


Convolvulaceae Juss





Cornaceae Dumort





Corylaceae Mirb





Crassulaceae DC

Sedum annuum L H r



Shispanicum L C r







Cuscutaceae Dumort



Datiscaceae Lindl

176


Dipsacaceae Juss








Ebenaceae Guerke


Elaeagnaceae Juss

Empetraceae SGray


Ericaceae Juss








Euphorbiaceae Juss













177















Lhirsutus L CDF rdr





















178














Fagaceae Dumort





Fumariaceae DC





Gentianaceae Juss








Geraniaceae Juss



Gdissectum L CD sh


179








Hypericaceae Juss

























Gladanum L CDFH rd




180























Lauraceae Juss


Linaceae Dum



Loranthaceae Juss


Lythraceae St-Hil


Malvaceae Juss




Moraceae Link

181



Mnigra L yen C f






Onagraceae Juss









Orobanchaceae Vent



Oramosa L C al

Oxalidaceae RBr





Papaveraceae Juss








Phytolaccaceae RBr


182

Plantaginaceae Juss





Polygalaceae RBr



Polygonaceae Juss


Charkev)







Ralpinus L bull H m


Primulaceae Vent















Pyrolaceae Dumort


183

Pminor L bull H fsh


Ranunculaceae Juss

























Rchius DC C D rd






Rhamnaceae Juss

184




Rosaceae Juss



Adura Bus bull H bs






























185







Rcanina L ђ CDF fr





















Rubiaceae Juss








Salicaceae Mirb

186









S nigra L ђ CDFH f

Santalaceae RBr



Saxifragaceae Juss
























187















Vthapsus L CDF m













Simaroubaceae DC


Solanaceae Juss







188

Staphyleaceae Lindl


Thymelaeaceae Juss



D mezereum L ђ H f


Tiliaceae Juss



Ulmaceae Mirb



Urticaceae Juss


Vacciniaceae SFGray















Viburnaceae Rafin




Violaceae Batsch


189







MONOCOTILEDONEAE

Alliaceae JAgardh +








Araceae Juss



Commelinaceae RBr






Cyperaceae Juss












190






Dioscoreaceae RBr









Iridaceae Juss





Juncaceae Juss



J bufonius L CDFH s







Liliaceae Juss







191







Orchidaceae Juss















Poaceae Barnhart















192





































193








Palpina L bull H m













Pnatans L bull H s

Ruscaceae Hutch



Smilacaceae Vent


Trilliaceae Lindl


194


xe (yen)

buCqi (ђ)

xe an buCqi (yenђ)

liana (L)

gvimra (P)








sc ndash scree

m ndash mdelo

fm ndash tye- mdelo

fr ndash tye-klde

r ndash klde


bs-qva-RorRi


endemuroba

Caucasian-kavkasiis

Kolchic-kolxeTis



Ajaraian- aWaris

195





ამტანი



სითბოს


2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9



Jsabina L






Taxus baccata L


Acer campestre L


Alaetum CAMey


Aplatanoides L


A trautveterii Medw


Rhus coriaria L




Berberis vulgaris L


Alnus barbata CAMey


196

Aincana (L) Moench




B medwedewii Regel





ჯიქა + +

Ljaponica Thunb


L caucasica Pall


Euonymus europaea L


Elatifolia (L) Mill


E leiophloea Stev




Carpinus betulus L


Corientalis Mill


Corylus avellana L


Diospyros lotus L



დეკა + + +

Rluteum Sweet

იელი + +

+

Rponticum L + + +

197




+

R ungernii Trautv


+











Q pontica CKoch


Ribes alpinum L




Juglans regia L








Foxycarpa Willd


Ligustrum vulgare L


198

L japonicum Thunb


Clematis vitalba L


Frangula alnus Mill
















P caucasica Fed


Rosa boissieri Crep


Rcanina L


Rcorymbifera Borkh

ასკილი









199

Populus tremula L


Salix alba L


Scaprea L


S caucasica Anderss


Sambucus nigra L




Staphylea pinnata L






Dmezereum L


Dpontica L




Ulmus glabra Huds

თელა + + +

Uscarba Mill




Vmyrtillus L


Vuliginosum L



200

უზანი

Vopulus L


+

Vitis vinifera L


Smilax excelsa L








201









2 3 4 5 6 7 8



+



+

Acer campestre L


+

Alaetum CAMey

ქორაფი

+

Aplatanoides L


+



+

Alnus barbata CAMey


+



+

Elatifolia (L) Mill


+

Carpinus betulus L

რცხილა

+

Corientalis Mill


+

Corylus avellana L


+

Diospyros lotus L


+

Rluteum Sweet +

202

იელი

Rponticum L


+

R ungernii Trautv


+



+



+



+



+

Juglans regia L


+



+



+

Frangula alnus Mill


+


ხეშავი

+



+

P caucasica Fed


+

Populus tremula L


+

Salix alba L

ჭნორი

+

Scaprea L


+

Staphylea pinnata L


+

Dmezereum L +

203


Dpontica L


+


ცაცხვი

+

Ulmus glabra Huds

თელა

+



+

Vmyrtillus L

მოცვი

+

Smilax excelsa L


+



+

- 204 -







mtiralas ep

kintriSis dt

1 2 3 4























- 205 -



































- 206 -



+


































- 207 -

















+ +



















- 208 -





































- 209 -












+













შაშვი

+ +













- 210 -












+ +


























- 211 -










+ +









ზღარბი

+




















- 212 -



+ +











+

























- 213 -














- 214 -





- 215 -



- 5 -






nakrZali gauqmda









s) 1351-s Seadgens


















- 6 -



Temis aqtualoba






























- 7 -



























kanonzomierebebze






- 8 -









damuSaveba



analizi




gamovlena


Sefaseba





kvlevis meTodebi










- 9 -
















dafaruloba 50-70


Sp (Sparsussporsal)















- 10 -

































- 11 -















gamoyenebiT

mecnieruli siaxle





mdgomareoba





maCveneblebi






- 12 -








mdgomareobas




Taviseburebebi















Sesaxeb





- 13 -








samecniero statiaD











agroekosistemebi







- 14 -








erovnuli parki







- 15 -
















ha-s Seadgens





ha (298)











- 16 -








112)










- 17 -































- 18 -




- 19 -












ekoregionSi




- 20 -

































- 21 -














orografiul raions




















- 22 -





















13 Hhava






waagavs





- 23 -






mkacrdeba




























- 24 -





mxareSic









dRemde


obieqtebze

Mmeteo-

sadguri

zd

simaR

m-Si


I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

qobuleTi 4 48 55 76 109 154 195 224 226 195 156 107 67

boboyvaTi 70 66 68 85 117 157 195 211 224 199 168 125 93

dagva 200 67 67 88 118 158 192 216 222 197 168 124 88

CaqvisTavi 315 50 54 73 113 150 179 200 205 177 149 108 74





- 25 -





























- 26 -






























- 27 -







14 niadgebi
























- 28 -













saxesxvaobebi
















- 29 -






qveda sazRvari

zeda sazRvari

1 2 3 4







47000С-s










- 30 -


1 2 3 4









16-170С-mde













aRwevs 35-45 Tves

- 31 -
































- 32 -









zonaloba























- 33 -



























erodirebulia




- 34 -






15 hidrografia



















mraval CanCqers







- 35 -


abSila da sxv)






60-90 lwm




gruntis wylebiT




















- 36 -







qveda sazRvari

zeda sazRvari

1 2 3 4









Cambisols)





(Gleic Cambisols)




- 37 -










farTod gavrcelda


















nekerCxali da sxva






- 38 -























teritoriebze











- 39 -

































- 40 -















- 41 -






























mis sazRvrebs gareT

- 42 -





farglebSi)














anu 18














- 43 -




monawileobiT



























dafaruli farTobisa

- 44 -






sul

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

muryani

rcxila (T+a)

wabli (T+a)

muxa (T+a)

wifeli

naZvi

Sqeri da wyavi

sxva merqnianebi

sul

4560

36

5730

45

28620

223

-

71290

555

1390

11

14830

115

1980

15

128400

100

496

22

808

36

4015

181

-

15985

717

404

18

465

21

106

05

22279

100

20440

130

7898

503

5448

35

-

102880

6553

-

-

17000

1082

3324

212

156990

100

2348

1145

10103

492

3202

156

-

164253

8010

-

-

3422

167

588

03

205048

100

25000

876

13628

477

34068

1194

-

174170

6102

1390

11

31830

1115

5304

126

285390

100

2844

665

18183

425

43352

1013

324103

7575

404

18

8072

104

1648

038

427838

100

- 45 -





daculi teritoria


boniteti sixSire




17180

133

88542

564

85820

668

50237

320

25400

199

18211

116

35490

277

22293

142

43700

340

55731

355

49210

383

78966

503

daculi

teritoriebi

xnovanebiTi jgufi


uxnesi

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

75

06

17583

112

1292

104

122452

780

2118

160

9262

59

9355

730

7692

49

- 46 -






























- 47 -


administraciuli

erTeuli


mwife da

uxnesi

koromebis

farTobebi

(ha)

xno

vaneb

a

boni

tet

i

sixSir

e


aTasi m3

tyiT

dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

aTasi m3

tyiT

dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

aTasi m3

tyiT dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

141 II-6 062 20542 1360 13434 205 204 13 93880

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

116

III-6

059

22279

1740

17747

1900

179

14

93550

48























simindi 8 tona

lobio 1 tona

kartofili 6 tona

bostneuli 1 tona

xili 5 tona






49













wyaroa




















50



dafiqsirebula












2007 weli 0

2008 weli 458

2009 weli 1577

2010 weli 3464

2011 weli 3212

2012 weli 4800




meurneoba








51

































52


ha (298)

















(Castanea sativa)






sixSiris koromebze









53






















samuSaoebi











54


Wrebi warmoadgenda





gaumjobesdeba






















tyis farTobebze





55









Seadgina



















169500 kubm


298300 kubm


139900 kubm

56


173000 kubm


187900 kubm

























simindi 5712 tona

lobio 576 tona

kartofili 3408 tona

bostneuli 3049 tona

xili 1249 tona

57

yurZeni 2097 tona

citrusi 6700 tona

Tambaqo 11 tona























tonamde Tafli




Seadgens

wabli 416 tona

kakali 141 8 tona

mocvi 154 tona

58

mayvali 25 tona

soko 15 tona






















RameSi









59







saavtomobilo gzas



aRiniSneba









dRiT








2007 weli 69

2008 weli 628

2009 weli 2533

2010 weli 15350

2011 weli 19400


60

























aqedan









61

aqedan












dafiqsirebula











62









(Whittaker 1972)























63














Jukka 2007)




















64




























olqebs uaxlovdeba






65


































66







1974)



























67



Semdegi sartylebiT































68

































69
































70
































71










tyis qvesartyeli





damaxasiaTebeli)


















72


















73










donidan farglebSi






dafaruloba 30-35










dafaruloba 50-70




farglebSi

74




















75


nuda herbosa)






ponticum

iarusi C ar aris





Carpinus betulus








baccata


Hedera colchica




76


aestifruticosa)































77











nakrZalSi)






78































79

















80











farglebSi (sur 315)




torminalis

















81



aestifruticosa)





sativa






82



83



















70













84



farglebSi






dafaruloba 60-70









85















Tilia begonifolia














86



farglebSi










donidan farglebSi


















87



















88




























specifikuri tipebi




89

































90


































91






























92

































93




uwodeben











ferdobebi uWiravT









A albana da sxv









94


























ekoregionSi


95





(cxrili 3211)











dacul teritoriebze




taqsonomiuri jgufi

ojaxi gvari saxeoba

Pteridophyta

13 18 29

Spermatophyta

103 574 865

Gymnospermae

3 2 5

Angiospermae

100 572 861

Dicotyledones

83 494 721

Monocotyledones

17 78 140

sul

116 593 894

96



















ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba











97

xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36

buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55

xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19

liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29




























98

















99






gvarSi erTiandebian


(cxrili 3221)










taqsonomiuri

jgufi

ojaxi gvari saxeoba



Gymnospermae 1 1 1




sul 107 306 522

100













alpuri sartylebi


ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba











101










xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32

buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41

xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5

liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25

















102


















103



















floris endemebi










104





















arian warmodgenili













105



aWaris-3






















106











Tanafardoba








107




















muSaoba














108


















VU ndash mowyvladi














109


















woronowii)















110





















woronowii






11 - (VU)

2 - (EN) 12 - (VU)

sul 13 12


151 - (NE) 48 - (NE)

8 - (LC) 3 - (LC)

6 - (NT) 2 -(NT)

6 -(DD) -

111


daavadebebi
















4 - (VUD2) 1 - (VUD2)

sul 185 60



decreasing)


31 Pop trend

decreasing)


31)



1 - (Lower Risknear


updating))


23 (needs updating)

2 - Lower Riskleast


updating)


stable

sul 205 78

112






















113

sur 421 sur 422

sur 423 sur 424





sur 425 sur 426

114

sur 427 sur 428












qrobadi saxeobebi)








115

























klasi


sul

(100) sul sul

FTevzebi 153 20 130 20 130

amfibiebi 10 7 700 4 400

reptiliebi 24 10 410 9 370

116




(51) saxeoba



cxrili 433 ndashSi






















gadanawilebuli

frivnelebi 337 96 280 104 300


s u l 596 158 260 174 290

117

















118










- 1 ndash EN

(IUCNDI)




1 ndash VU (A1e) -


- 1 - VU (B2a)



sul 15 17

119


2 ndash EN


2 ndash EN

(A2bcde+3bcde+

4bcde)

22 - LC 22 - LC

- 1 ndash VU

(A2ce+3ce+4ce)

- 1 ndash EN

(Blab(Iiii)


(B2ab(iiiiiv)

7 - NT 7 - NT



(B2ab(iiiii)

sul

34 36

120




mtiralas ep

kintriSis dt


(2006)


1 2 3 4 5











1977)








121


1 2 3 4 5






VU (D1) EN







VU (D1) LC









- 121 -












1 ndash VU (A1e) -


- 1 - VU (B2a)





2 ndash EN


2 ndash EN

(A2bcde+3bcde+4b

cde)

22 - LC 22 - LC

- 1 ndash VU

(A2ce+3ce+4ce)



(B2ab(iiiiiv)

7 - NT 7 - NT




34 36

- 122 -



- 123 -
















dayrdnobiT)

cxovelis saxeoba


arCvi Rupicapra

rupicapra

LC ver 31 Pop

trend unknown

2010 weli

2012 weli

2010 weli

2012 weli

91 112 170 170 (200)

wavi Lutra

lutra

NT ver 31 Pop

trend decreasing

15 32 135 135(150)

mura daTvi

Ursus arctos

LC ver 31 Pop

trend stable

95 83 80 86

mgeli Canis

lupus

LC ver 31 Pop

trend stable

16 27

5 5

kverna Martes

foina M

martes

LC ver 31) Pop

trend stable

160 168 145 155


anomalus

LC ver 31 165 265 72 75

- 124 -












nadgurdeba

















- 125 -































- 126 -































- 127 -



128

cxrili 511


mixedviT

D

daculi teritoria

sf

simaRlzd(m)

eqspozicia

ferdobis daxriloba


boniteti


qvetyis dafaruloba

() sixSire


ganaxlebis Sefaseba


1956)

saxeoba

1-10sm

11-30sm

31-50sm

gt 51

sul

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

1

850 sd 15-20

Castanetum

azaleosum TesliTi

81-100 I-II

10wb+rc+nZ

20

06-07

wabli

1600

40

23600

578

7200

176

8400

206

40800

100

saukeTeso

sul

1600

40

23600

578

7200

176

8400

206

40800

100

129


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

2

980

Crd

20-250

Castanetum

rhododen-

drosum

TesliTi

100-120

II-III

8wb1wf

1rcx+nZ

45

07-08

wabli

850

168

1400

277

2020

400

780

155

5050

100

susti

wifeli

-

-

320

299

-

-

750

701

1070

100

rcxila

-

-

120

632

-

-

70

368

190

100

naZvi

-

-

60

375

-

-

100

625

160

100

sul

850

131

1900

294

2020

312

1700

263

6470

100

130


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mmtiralas erovnuli

parki 3

560 Crd 15-200

Castanetum

rhododen-

drosum TesliTi

120 II

9wb1Tx+rcx+wf 70

05

wabli

80

79

560

555

150

149

220

217

1010

100

Zlier susti

wifeli

-

-

70

292

-

-

170

708

240

100

rcxila

-

-

160

470

70

206

110

324

340

100

sul 80

50

790

500

210

133

500

317

1580

100

Mmtiralas erovnuli

parki 4

800 samxdas 25-30-400

Castanetum

rubosum TesliTi

90 III

7wb+2wf1Tx +rcx 80

04

wabli

-

-

-

-

70

368

120

632

190

100

Zlier susti

wifeli

-

-

140

341

210

512

60

147

410

100

sul -

-

140

233

280

467

180

300

600

100

- 131 -

















boniteti

mozardis

xnovaneba (weli )


maxasiaTeblebi

M saS

metri

Mm

metri

nimuSebis

raodenoba

1 2 3 4 5

maRali

bonitetis

wablnarebSi

(ielis qvetyiT)

1 0-10 002 3

2 11-30 003 3

3 31-50 004 3

5 50 da gt 006 6

saSualo

bonitetis

wablnarebSi

(Sqeris qvetyiT)

2 0-10 002 3

3 11-30 003 3

4 31-50 004 3

7 50 da gt 006 6

- 132 -

























sxvaTa SromebSi







- 133 -

































- 134 -














135

cxrili 521


mixedviT

daculi

teritoria

sf

asociacia

simaRlzd(m)

eqspozicia

ferdobis

daxriloba

(gradusi)

Kkoromis

Semadgenloba

qvetyis

dafaruloba ()

saburvelis

Sekruloba

sixSire


cali 1 ha-ze

ganaxlebis

Sefaseba

saxeoba

lt05

06-15

gt15

sul

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

1

Fagetum

rhododendrosum

920

Crd das

250

10wf+wb

60

09

07

wf

2300

730

700

222

150

48

3150

100

susti rc

-

-

120

75

40

25

160

100

sul

2300

695

820

248

190

57

3310

100

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

2

Fagetum rubosum

860

Crd

200

10wf+rcx+

+ccx

20

06

06

wf

8800

259

16800

494

8400

247

34000

100

kargi rcx

50

169

170

576

75

255

295

100

sul

8850

258

16970

495

8475

247

34295

100

136


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

3

Fagetum- Carpine-

to azalesum

1223

Crd

250

8wf+2rcx

30

09

07

wf

rcx

3100

233

280

718

6800

511

110

282

3400

256

-

-

13300

100

390

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 3380

247

6910

505

3400

248

13690

100

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

4

Fagetum festuco-

sum

1780

samx aRm

350

10wf+rcx

+nk

20

06

05

wf

rcx

5370

303

320

615

8650

488

130

250

3700

209

70

135

17720

100

520

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 5690

312

8780

481

3770

207

18240

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

5

Fagetum

rhododendrosum 875

Crd das

150

10wf+wb

60

09

07

wf

rcx

1500

893

50

303

180

107

70

424

-

-

45

273

1680

100

165

100

susti sul 1550

840

250

135

45

25

1845

100

137


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

6

Fagetum rubosum

900

Crd

200

10wf+rcx+

+ccx

20

06

06

wf

rcx

8800

259

120

414

16800

494

80

276

8400

247

90

310

34000

100

290

100

kargi

sul 8920

182

16880

348

8490

176

34290

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

7

Fagetum -Carpine-

to azalesum

1100

Crd

300

7wf3rcx+wb

30

08

07

wf

rcx

2200

193

70

778

5800

509

20

222

3400

298

-

-

11400

100

90

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 2270

197

5820

507

3400

296

11490

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

8

Fagetum

rhododendrosum 380

Crd das

250

8wf2rcx+Tx

70

06

04

wf

rcx

200

741

80

727

70

259

30

273

-

-

-

-

270

100

110

100

Zlier susti

sul

280

737

100

263

-

-

380

100

138

















pirobebi






139






























140





























141






rhododendrosum


















laurocerasosum)


rhododendrozum)





142



Fagetum rubosum




























143









555 - s Seadgens




Senecio Cardamine-8




















144



















Seadgens






maCvenebelia






145









saxeoba-19




















146







gadanawilebuli














(LC)











147






SesaZleblobebi












ganviTarebuli













148







mimdinareoba























149



gv


442 gv

3 batoniSvili

vaxuSti 1944




2002 280 gv







Sro t II gv 32-42






8 bunebis matiane

200820092010













150




Tbilisi 2002 31 gv








69-82




1987


aWarardquo gv 2-3
















347-351




151




























1961 249gv




Tbilisi 1994 16gv






152











baTumi gv 173-181






13













59 gv









153








tomi V gv 5-8




1964 (rusul enaze)







1971 200 gv












gv 267-281



40




1998

154





54 falavandiSvili

1987



aWara~ 1987 104 gv

55 falavandiSvili

1993






Tbilisi 1993 27 gv

56 falavandiSvili

2004







გვ



487 gv















155


123










1896 кн 1 стр 22














56-60 Рус















156

Кн 2 М Тула 2006 с 62-64 Рус




















журнал т 35 2 1950 стр 192-193





англ



с 22-26




1956 354 стр


1956 354 стр







157

стр












32 стр


Москва 1966 стр 223-225




Москва 1966 стр 223-225






ил Рус






3 стр 66-70



196



стр31-44



1906 стр175-193


158



1935 стр 1-32



4 стр 132-145



104-112



М-Л 1936 стр 1-46




163









стр



стр













159



















стр












4 Киров 2006 с 451-453 Рус



стр 1315-1324



стр 1315-1324


тVII 7 1946 стр 447-453



160




















рез англ














англ


2007






161





1181 Англ







2006














Tbilisi 2010 36p


press 1997 858 pp




10 с 1729-1749 Англ




No 2 pp 93-164







162










фр







2005









27 N 5 с 1690 1690-1695 Кит рез англ





Taxon 1972 V21 p 213-251













163





164 eleqtronuli

informaciebi





httpwwwnacresorg













httpwwwgaremoitdcge



httpwwwbiodivorg






2010




antspdf





asus_Region)

164



spdf






html

165




1 5 6 7 8









Athyriaceae Alst


















Huperziaceae Rothm




166












Pteridaceae Reichen





Jsabina L ђ H fr

Pinaceae Lindl




Taxaceae SFGray



Aceraceae Juss





Amaranthaceae Juss


Ahyrbidus L CDF rd





167





































168

Apocynaceae Juss


Aquifoliaceae Bartl


Araliaceae Juss





Asclepiadaceae RBr



























169





































170





































171











Svulgaris L CDEF rd















Balsaminaceae ARich





Betulaceae SF Gray





Boraginaceae Juss

172



























Bplantaginea DC H m






Cimpatiens L CDFH f




173












Buxaceae Dumort


Campanulaceae Juss








Cannabinaceae Endl


Caprifoliaceae Juss













174

































Capparaceae Juss


Celastraceae RBr


175



Chenopodiaceae Vent


Chbotrys L CD snrd


Convolvulaceae Juss





Cornaceae Dumort





Corylaceae Mirb





Crassulaceae DC

Sedum annuum L H r



Shispanicum L C r







Cuscutaceae Dumort



Datiscaceae Lindl

176


Dipsacaceae Juss








Ebenaceae Guerke


Elaeagnaceae Juss

Empetraceae SGray


Ericaceae Juss








Euphorbiaceae Juss













177















Lhirsutus L CDF rdr





















178














Fagaceae Dumort





Fumariaceae DC





Gentianaceae Juss








Geraniaceae Juss



Gdissectum L CD sh


179








Hypericaceae Juss

























Gladanum L CDFH rd




180























Lauraceae Juss


Linaceae Dum



Loranthaceae Juss


Lythraceae St-Hil


Malvaceae Juss




Moraceae Link

181



Mnigra L yen C f






Onagraceae Juss









Orobanchaceae Vent



Oramosa L C al

Oxalidaceae RBr





Papaveraceae Juss








Phytolaccaceae RBr


182

Plantaginaceae Juss





Polygalaceae RBr



Polygonaceae Juss


Charkev)







Ralpinus L bull H m


Primulaceae Vent















Pyrolaceae Dumort


183

Pminor L bull H fsh


Ranunculaceae Juss

























Rchius DC C D rd






Rhamnaceae Juss

184




Rosaceae Juss



Adura Bus bull H bs






























185







Rcanina L ђ CDF fr





















Rubiaceae Juss








Salicaceae Mirb

186









S nigra L ђ CDFH f

Santalaceae RBr



Saxifragaceae Juss
























187















Vthapsus L CDF m













Simaroubaceae DC


Solanaceae Juss







188

Staphyleaceae Lindl


Thymelaeaceae Juss



D mezereum L ђ H f


Tiliaceae Juss



Ulmaceae Mirb



Urticaceae Juss


Vacciniaceae SFGray















Viburnaceae Rafin




Violaceae Batsch


189







MONOCOTILEDONEAE

Alliaceae JAgardh +








Araceae Juss



Commelinaceae RBr






Cyperaceae Juss












190






Dioscoreaceae RBr









Iridaceae Juss





Juncaceae Juss



J bufonius L CDFH s







Liliaceae Juss







191







Orchidaceae Juss















Poaceae Barnhart















192





































193








Palpina L bull H m













Pnatans L bull H s

Ruscaceae Hutch



Smilacaceae Vent


Trilliaceae Lindl


194


xe (yen)

buCqi (ђ)

xe an buCqi (yenђ)

liana (L)

gvimra (P)








sc ndash scree

m ndash mdelo

fm ndash tye- mdelo

fr ndash tye-klde

r ndash klde


bs-qva-RorRi


endemuroba

Caucasian-kavkasiis

Kolchic-kolxeTis



Ajaraian- aWaris

195





ამტანი



სითბოს


2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9



Jsabina L






Taxus baccata L


Acer campestre L


Alaetum CAMey


Aplatanoides L


A trautveterii Medw


Rhus coriaria L




Berberis vulgaris L


Alnus barbata CAMey


196

Aincana (L) Moench




B medwedewii Regel





ჯიქა + +

Ljaponica Thunb


L caucasica Pall


Euonymus europaea L


Elatifolia (L) Mill


E leiophloea Stev




Carpinus betulus L


Corientalis Mill


Corylus avellana L


Diospyros lotus L



დეკა + + +

Rluteum Sweet

იელი + +

+

Rponticum L + + +

197




+

R ungernii Trautv


+











Q pontica CKoch


Ribes alpinum L




Juglans regia L








Foxycarpa Willd


Ligustrum vulgare L


198

L japonicum Thunb


Clematis vitalba L


Frangula alnus Mill
















P caucasica Fed


Rosa boissieri Crep


Rcanina L


Rcorymbifera Borkh

ასკილი









199

Populus tremula L


Salix alba L


Scaprea L


S caucasica Anderss


Sambucus nigra L




Staphylea pinnata L






Dmezereum L


Dpontica L




Ulmus glabra Huds

თელა + + +

Uscarba Mill




Vmyrtillus L


Vuliginosum L



200

უზანი

Vopulus L


+

Vitis vinifera L


Smilax excelsa L








201









2 3 4 5 6 7 8



+



+

Acer campestre L


+

Alaetum CAMey

ქორაფი

+

Aplatanoides L


+



+

Alnus barbata CAMey


+



+

Elatifolia (L) Mill


+

Carpinus betulus L

რცხილა

+

Corientalis Mill


+

Corylus avellana L


+

Diospyros lotus L


+

Rluteum Sweet +

202

იელი

Rponticum L


+

R ungernii Trautv


+



+



+



+



+

Juglans regia L


+



+



+

Frangula alnus Mill


+


ხეშავი

+



+

P caucasica Fed


+

Populus tremula L


+

Salix alba L

ჭნორი

+

Scaprea L


+

Staphylea pinnata L


+

Dmezereum L +

203


Dpontica L


+


ცაცხვი

+

Ulmus glabra Huds

თელა

+



+

Vmyrtillus L

მოცვი

+

Smilax excelsa L


+



+

- 204 -







mtiralas ep

kintriSis dt

1 2 3 4























- 205 -



































- 206 -



+


































- 207 -

















+ +



















- 208 -





































- 209 -












+













შაშვი

+ +













- 210 -












+ +


























- 211 -










+ +









ზღარბი

+




















- 212 -



+ +











+

























- 213 -














- 214 -





- 215 -



- 6 -



Temis aqtualoba






























- 7 -



























kanonzomierebebze






- 8 -









damuSaveba



analizi




gamovlena


Sefaseba





kvlevis meTodebi










- 9 -
















dafaruloba 50-70


Sp (Sparsussporsal)















- 10 -

































- 11 -















gamoyenebiT

mecnieruli siaxle





mdgomareoba





maCveneblebi






- 12 -








mdgomareobas




Taviseburebebi















Sesaxeb





- 13 -








samecniero statiaD











agroekosistemebi







- 14 -








erovnuli parki







- 15 -
















ha-s Seadgens





ha (298)











- 16 -








112)










- 17 -































- 18 -




- 19 -












ekoregionSi




- 20 -

































- 21 -














orografiul raions




















- 22 -





















13 Hhava






waagavs





- 23 -






mkacrdeba




























- 24 -





mxareSic









dRemde


obieqtebze

Mmeteo-

sadguri

zd

simaR

m-Si


I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

qobuleTi 4 48 55 76 109 154 195 224 226 195 156 107 67

boboyvaTi 70 66 68 85 117 157 195 211 224 199 168 125 93

dagva 200 67 67 88 118 158 192 216 222 197 168 124 88

CaqvisTavi 315 50 54 73 113 150 179 200 205 177 149 108 74





- 25 -





























- 26 -






























- 27 -







14 niadgebi
























- 28 -













saxesxvaobebi
















- 29 -






qveda sazRvari

zeda sazRvari

1 2 3 4







47000С-s










- 30 -


1 2 3 4









16-170С-mde













aRwevs 35-45 Tves

- 31 -
































- 32 -









zonaloba























- 33 -



























erodirebulia




- 34 -






15 hidrografia



















mraval CanCqers







- 35 -


abSila da sxv)






60-90 lwm




gruntis wylebiT




















- 36 -







qveda sazRvari

zeda sazRvari

1 2 3 4









Cambisols)





(Gleic Cambisols)




- 37 -










farTod gavrcelda


















nekerCxali da sxva






- 38 -























teritoriebze











- 39 -

































- 40 -















- 41 -






























mis sazRvrebs gareT

- 42 -





farglebSi)














anu 18














- 43 -




monawileobiT



























dafaruli farTobisa

- 44 -






sul

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

farTobi (ha)

maragi (aTasi m3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

muryani

rcxila (T+a)

wabli (T+a)

muxa (T+a)

wifeli

naZvi

Sqeri da wyavi

sxva merqnianebi

sul

4560

36

5730

45

28620

223

-

71290

555

1390

11

14830

115

1980

15

128400

100

496

22

808

36

4015

181

-

15985

717

404

18

465

21

106

05

22279

100

20440

130

7898

503

5448

35

-

102880

6553

-

-

17000

1082

3324

212

156990

100

2348

1145

10103

492

3202

156

-

164253

8010

-

-

3422

167

588

03

205048

100

25000

876

13628

477

34068

1194

-

174170

6102

1390

11

31830

1115

5304

126

285390

100

2844

665

18183

425

43352

1013

324103

7575

404

18

8072

104

1648

038

427838

100

- 45 -





daculi teritoria


boniteti sixSire




17180

133

88542

564

85820

668

50237

320

25400

199

18211

116

35490

277

22293

142

43700

340

55731

355

49210

383

78966

503

daculi

teritoriebi

xnovanebiTi jgufi


uxnesi

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

75

06

17583

112

1292

104

122452

780

2118

160

9262

59

9355

730

7692

49

- 46 -






























- 47 -


administraciuli

erTeuli


mwife da

uxnesi

koromebis

farTobebi

(ha)

xno

vaneb

a

boni

tet

i

sixSir

e


aTasi m3

tyiT

dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

aTasi m3

tyiT

dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

aTasi m3

tyiT dafaruli

farTobis

1 ha-ze

1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

141 II-6 062 20542 1360 13434 205 204 13 93880

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

116

III-6

059

22279

1740

17747

1900

179

14

93550

48























simindi 8 tona

lobio 1 tona

kartofili 6 tona

bostneuli 1 tona

xili 5 tona






49













wyaroa




















50



dafiqsirebula












2007 weli 0

2008 weli 458

2009 weli 1577

2010 weli 3464

2011 weli 3212

2012 weli 4800




meurneoba








51

































52


ha (298)

















(Castanea sativa)






sixSiris koromebze









53






















samuSaoebi











54


Wrebi warmoadgenda





gaumjobesdeba






















tyis farTobebze





55









Seadgina



















169500 kubm


298300 kubm


139900 kubm

56


173000 kubm


187900 kubm

























simindi 5712 tona

lobio 576 tona

kartofili 3408 tona

bostneuli 3049 tona

xili 1249 tona

57

yurZeni 2097 tona

citrusi 6700 tona

Tambaqo 11 tona























tonamde Tafli




Seadgens

wabli 416 tona

kakali 141 8 tona

mocvi 154 tona

58

mayvali 25 tona

soko 15 tona






















RameSi









59







saavtomobilo gzas



aRiniSneba









dRiT








2007 weli 69

2008 weli 628

2009 weli 2533

2010 weli 15350

2011 weli 19400


60

























aqedan









61

aqedan












dafiqsirebula











62









(Whittaker 1972)























63














Jukka 2007)




















64




























olqebs uaxlovdeba






65


































66







1974)



























67



Semdegi sartylebiT































68

































69
































70
































71










tyis qvesartyeli





damaxasiaTebeli)


















72


















73










donidan farglebSi






dafaruloba 30-35










dafaruloba 50-70




farglebSi

74




















75


nuda herbosa)






ponticum

iarusi C ar aris





Carpinus betulus








baccata


Hedera colchica




76


aestifruticosa)































77











nakrZalSi)






78































79

















80











farglebSi (sur 315)




torminalis

















81



aestifruticosa)





sativa






82



83



















70













84



farglebSi






dafaruloba 60-70









85















Tilia begonifolia














86



farglebSi










donidan farglebSi


















87



















88




























specifikuri tipebi




89

































90


































91






























92

































93




uwodeben











ferdobebi uWiravT









A albana da sxv









94


























ekoregionSi


95





(cxrili 3211)











dacul teritoriebze




taqsonomiuri jgufi

ojaxi gvari saxeoba

Pteridophyta

13 18 29

Spermatophyta

103 574 865

Gymnospermae

3 2 5

Angiospermae

100 572 861

Dicotyledones

83 494 721

Monocotyledones

17 78 140

sul

116 593 894

96



















ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba











97

xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36

buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55

xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19

liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29




























98

















99






gvarSi erTiandebian


(cxrili 3221)










taqsonomiuri

jgufi

ojaxi gvari saxeoba



Gymnospermae 1 1 1




sul 107 306 522

100













alpuri sartylebi


ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba

ojaxi saxeobaTa

raodenoba











101










xe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32

buCqi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41

xe an buCqi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5

liana ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

gvimra ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25

















102


















103



















floris endemebi










104





















arian warmodgenili













105



aWaris-3






















106











Tanafardoba








107




















muSaoba














108


















VU ndash mowyvladi














109


















woronowii)















110





















woronowii






11 - (VU)

2 - (EN) 12 - (VU)

sul 13 12


151 - (NE) 48 - (NE)

8 - (LC) 3 - (LC)

6 - (NT) 2 -(NT)

6 -(DD) -

111


daavadebebi
















4 - (VUD2) 1 - (VUD2)

sul 185 60



decreasing)


31 Pop trend

decreasing)


31)



1 - (Lower Risknear


updating))


23 (needs updating)

2 - Lower Riskleast


updating)


stable

sul 205 78

112






















113

sur 421 sur 422

sur 423 sur 424





sur 425 sur 426

114

sur 427 sur 428












qrobadi saxeobebi)








115

























klasi


sul

(100) sul sul

FTevzebi 153 20 130 20 130

amfibiebi 10 7 700 4 400

reptiliebi 24 10 410 9 370

116




(51) saxeoba



cxrili 433 ndashSi






















gadanawilebuli

frivnelebi 337 96 280 104 300


s u l 596 158 260 174 290

117

















118










- 1 ndash EN

(IUCNDI)




1 ndash VU (A1e) -


- 1 - VU (B2a)



sul 15 17

119


2 ndash EN


2 ndash EN

(A2bcde+3bcde+

4bcde)

22 - LC 22 - LC

- 1 ndash VU

(A2ce+3ce+4ce)

- 1 ndash EN

(Blab(Iiii)


(B2ab(iiiiiv)

7 - NT 7 - NT



(B2ab(iiiii)

sul

34 36

120




mtiralas ep

kintriSis dt


(2006)


1 2 3 4 5











1977)








121


1 2 3 4 5






VU (D1) EN







VU (D1) LC









- 121 -












1 ndash VU (A1e) -


- 1 - VU (B2a)





2 ndash EN


2 ndash EN

(A2bcde+3bcde+4b

cde)

22 - LC 22 - LC

- 1 ndash VU

(A2ce+3ce+4ce)



(B2ab(iiiiiv)

7 - NT 7 - NT




34 36

- 122 -



- 123 -
















dayrdnobiT)

cxovelis saxeoba


arCvi Rupicapra

rupicapra

LC ver 31 Pop

trend unknown

2010 weli

2012 weli

2010 weli

2012 weli

91 112 170 170 (200)

wavi Lutra

lutra

NT ver 31 Pop

trend decreasing

15 32 135 135(150)

mura daTvi

Ursus arctos

LC ver 31 Pop

trend stable

95 83 80 86

mgeli Canis

lupus

LC ver 31 Pop

trend stable

16 27

5 5

kverna Martes

foina M

martes

LC ver 31) Pop

trend stable

160 168 145 155


anomalus

LC ver 31 165 265 72 75

- 124 -












nadgurdeba

















- 125 -































- 126 -































- 127 -



128

cxrili 511


mixedviT

D

daculi teritoria

sf

simaRlzd(m)

eqspozicia

ferdobis daxriloba


boniteti


qvetyis dafaruloba

() sixSire


ganaxlebis Sefaseba


1956)

saxeoba

1-10sm

11-30sm

31-50sm

gt 51

sul

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

1

850 sd 15-20

Castanetum

azaleosum TesliTi

81-100 I-II

10wb+rc+nZ

20

06-07

wabli

1600

40

23600

578

7200

176

8400

206

40800

100

saukeTeso

sul

1600

40

23600

578

7200

176

8400

206

40800

100

129


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis daculi

teritoriebi

2

980

Crd

20-250

Castanetum

rhododen-

drosum

TesliTi

100-120

II-III

8wb1wf

1rcx+nZ

45

07-08

wabli

850

168

1400

277

2020

400

780

155

5050

100

susti

wifeli

-

-

320

299

-

-

750

701

1070

100

rcxila

-

-

120

632

-

-

70

368

190

100

naZvi

-

-

60

375

-

-

100

625

160

100

sul

850

131

1900

294

2020

312

1700

263

6470

100

130


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Mmtiralas erovnuli

parki 3

560 Crd 15-200

Castanetum

rhododen-

drosum TesliTi

120 II

9wb1Tx+rcx+wf 70

05

wabli

80

79

560

555

150

149

220

217

1010

100

Zlier susti

wifeli

-

-

70

292

-

-

170

708

240

100

rcxila

-

-

160

470

70

206

110

324

340

100

sul 80

50

790

500

210

133

500

317

1580

100

Mmtiralas erovnuli

parki 4

800 samxdas 25-30-400

Castanetum

rubosum TesliTi

90 III

7wb+2wf1Tx +rcx 80

04

wabli

-

-

-

-

70

368

120

632

190

100

Zlier susti

wifeli

-

-

140

341

210

512

60

147

410

100

sul -

-

140

233

280

467

180

300

600

100

- 131 -

















boniteti

mozardis

xnovaneba (weli )


maxasiaTeblebi

M saS

metri

Mm

metri

nimuSebis

raodenoba

1 2 3 4 5

maRali

bonitetis

wablnarebSi

(ielis qvetyiT)

1 0-10 002 3

2 11-30 003 3

3 31-50 004 3

5 50 da gt 006 6

saSualo

bonitetis

wablnarebSi

(Sqeris qvetyiT)

2 0-10 002 3

3 11-30 003 3

4 31-50 004 3

7 50 da gt 006 6

- 132 -

























sxvaTa SromebSi







- 133 -

































- 134 -














135

cxrili 521


mixedviT

daculi

teritoria

sf

asociacia

simaRlzd(m)

eqspozicia

ferdobis

daxriloba

(gradusi)

Kkoromis

Semadgenloba

qvetyis

dafaruloba ()

saburvelis

Sekruloba

sixSire


cali 1 ha-ze

ganaxlebis

Sefaseba

saxeoba

lt05

06-15

gt15

sul

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

1

Fagetum

rhododendrosum

920

Crd das

250

10wf+wb

60

09

07

wf

2300

730

700

222

150

48

3150

100

susti rc

-

-

120

75

40

25

160

100

sul

2300

695

820

248

190

57

3310

100

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

2

Fagetum rubosum

860

Crd

200

10wf+rcx+

+ccx

20

06

06

wf

8800

259

16800

494

8400

247

34000

100

kargi rcx

50

169

170

576

75

255

295

100

sul

8850

258

16970

495

8475

247

34295

100

136


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

3

Fagetum- Carpine-

to azalesum

1223

Crd

250

8wf+2rcx

30

09

07

wf

rcx

3100

233

280

718

6800

511

110

282

3400

256

-

-

13300

100

390

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 3380

247

6910

505

3400

248

13690

100

kintriSis

daculi

teritoriebi

4

Fagetum festuco-

sum

1780

samx aRm

350

10wf+rcx

+nk

20

06

05

wf

rcx

5370

303

320

615

8650

488

130

250

3700

209

70

135

17720

100

520

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 5690

312

8780

481

3770

207

18240

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

5

Fagetum

rhododendrosum 875

Crd das

150

10wf+wb

60

09

07

wf

rcx

1500

893

50

303

180

107

70

424

-

-

45

273

1680

100

165

100

susti sul 1550

840

250

135

45

25

1845

100

137


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

6

Fagetum rubosum

900

Crd

200

10wf+rcx+

+ccx

20

06

06

wf

rcx

8800

259

120

414

16800

494

80

276

8400

247

90

310

34000

100

290

100

kargi

sul 8920

182

16880

348

8490

176

34290

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

7

Fagetum -Carpine-

to azalesum

1100

Crd

300

7wf3rcx+wb

30

08

07

wf

rcx

2200

193

70

778

5800

509

20

222

3400

298

-

-

11400

100

90

100

damakmayofi

lebeli

sul 2270

197

5820

507

3400

296

11490

100

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

8

Fagetum

rhododendrosum 380

Crd das

250

8wf2rcx+Tx

70

06

04

wf

rcx

200

741

80

727

70

259

30

273

-

-

-

-

270

100

110

100

Zlier susti

sul

280

737

100

263

-

-

380

100

138

















pirobebi






139






























140





























141






rhododendrosum


















laurocerasosum)


rhododendrozum)





142



Fagetum rubosum




























143









555 - s Seadgens




Senecio Cardamine-8




















144



















Seadgens






maCvenebelia






145









saxeoba-19




















146







gadanawilebuli














(LC)











147






SesaZleblobebi












ganviTarebuli













148







mimdinareoba























149



gv


442 gv

3 batoniSvili

vaxuSti 1944




2002 280 gv







Sro t II gv 32-42






8 bunebis matiane

200820092010













150




Tbilisi 2002 31 gv








69-82




1987


aWarardquo gv 2-3
















347-351




151




























1961 249gv




Tbilisi 1994 16gv






152











baTumi gv 173-181






13













59 gv









153








tomi V gv 5-8




1964 (rusul enaze)







1971 200 gv












gv 267-281



40




1998

154





54 falavandiSvili

1987



aWara~ 1987 104 gv

55 falavandiSvili

1993






Tbilisi 1993 27 gv

56 falavandiSvili

2004







გვ



487 gv















155


123










1896 кн 1 стр 22














56-60 Рус















156

Кн 2 М Тула 2006 с 62-64 Рус




















журнал т 35 2 1950 стр 192-193





англ



с 22-26




1956 354 стр


1956 354 стр







157

стр












32 стр


Москва 1966 стр 223-225




Москва 1966 стр 223-225






ил Рус






3 стр 66-70



196



стр31-44



1906 стр175-193


158



1935 стр 1-32



4 стр 132-145



104-112



М-Л 1936 стр 1-46




163









стр



стр













159



















стр












4 Киров 2006 с 451-453 Рус



стр 1315-1324



стр 1315-1324


тVII 7 1946 стр 447-453



160




















рез англ














англ


2007






161





1181 Англ







2006














Tbilisi 2010 36p


press 1997 858 pp




10 с 1729-1749 Англ




No 2 pp 93-164







162










фр







2005









27 N 5 с 1690 1690-1695 Кит рез англ





Taxon 1972 V21 p 213-251













163





164 eleqtronuli

informaciebi





httpwwwnacresorg













httpwwwgaremoitdcge



httpwwwbiodivorg






2010




antspdf





asus_Region)

164



spdf






html

165




1 5 6 7 8









Athyriaceae Alst


















Huperziaceae Rothm




166












Pteridaceae Reichen





Jsabina L ђ H fr

Pinaceae Lindl




Taxaceae SFGray



Aceraceae Juss





Amaranthaceae Juss


Ahyrbidus L CDF rd





167





































168

Apocynaceae Juss


Aquifoliaceae Bartl


Araliaceae Juss





Asclepiadaceae RBr



























169





































170





































171











Svulgaris L CDEF rd















Balsaminaceae ARich





Betulaceae SF Gray





Boraginaceae Juss

172



























Bplantaginea DC H m






Cimpatiens L CDFH f




173












Buxaceae Dumort


Campanulaceae Juss








Cannabinaceae Endl


Caprifoliaceae Juss













174

































Capparaceae Juss


Celastraceae RBr


175



Chenopodiaceae Vent


Chbotrys L CD snrd


Convolvulaceae Juss





Cornaceae Dumort





Corylaceae Mirb





Crassulaceae DC

Sedum annuum L H r



Shispanicum L C r







Cuscutaceae Dumort



Datiscaceae Lindl

176


Dipsacaceae Juss








Ebenaceae Guerke


Elaeagnaceae Juss

Empetraceae SGray


Ericaceae Juss








Euphorbiaceae Juss













177















Lhirsutus L CDF rdr





















178














Fagaceae Dumort





Fumariaceae DC





Gentianaceae Juss








Geraniaceae Juss



Gdissectum L CD sh


179








Hypericaceae Juss

























Gladanum L CDFH rd




180























Lauraceae Juss


Linaceae Dum



Loranthaceae Juss


Lythraceae St-Hil


Malvaceae Juss




Moraceae Link

181



Mnigra L yen C f






Onagraceae Juss









Orobanchaceae Vent



Oramosa L C al

Oxalidaceae RBr





Papaveraceae Juss








Phytolaccaceae RBr


182

Plantaginaceae Juss





Polygalaceae RBr



Polygonaceae Juss


Charkev)







Ralpinus L bull H m


Primulaceae Vent















Pyrolaceae Dumort


183

Pminor L bull H fsh


Ranunculaceae Juss

























Rchius DC C D rd






Rhamnaceae Juss

184




Rosaceae Juss



Adura Bus bull H bs






























185







Rcanina L ђ CDF fr





















Rubiaceae Juss








Salicaceae Mirb

186









S nigra L ђ CDFH f

Santalaceae RBr



Saxifragaceae Juss
























187















Vthapsus L CDF m













Simaroubaceae DC


Solanaceae Juss







188

Staphyleaceae Lindl


Thymelaeaceae Juss



D mezereum L ђ H f


Tiliaceae Juss



Ulmaceae Mirb



Urticaceae Juss


Vacciniaceae SFGray















Viburnaceae Rafin




Violaceae Batsch


189







MONOCOTILEDONEAE

Alliaceae JAgardh +








Araceae Juss



Commelinaceae RBr






Cyperaceae Juss












190






Dioscoreaceae RBr









Iridaceae Juss





Juncaceae Juss



J bufonius L CDFH s







Liliaceae Juss







191







Orchidaceae Juss















Poaceae Barnhart















192





































193








Palpina L bull H m













Pnatans L bull H s

Ruscaceae Hutch



Smilacaceae Vent


Trilliaceae Lindl


194


xe (yen)

buCqi (ђ)

xe an buCqi (yenђ)

liana (L)

gvimra (P)








sc ndash scree

m ndash mdelo

fm ndash tye- mdelo

fr ndash tye-klde

r ndash klde


bs-qva-RorRi


endemuroba

Caucasian-kavkasiis

Kolchic-kolxeTis



Ajaraian- aWaris

195





ამტანი



სითბოს


2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9



Jsabina L






Taxus baccata L


Acer campestre L


Alaetum CAMey


Aplatanoides L


A trautveterii Medw


Rhus coriaria L




Berberis vulgaris L


Alnus barbata CAMey


196

Aincana (L) Moench




B medwedewii Regel





ჯიქა + +

Ljaponica Thunb


L caucasica Pall


Euonymus europaea L


Elatifolia (L) Mill


E leiophloea Stev




Carpinus betulus L


Corientalis Mill


Corylus avellana L


Diospyros lotus L



დეკა + + +

Rluteum Sweet

იელი + +

+

Rponticum L + + +

197




+

R ungernii Trautv


+











Q pontica CKoch


Ribes alpinum L




Juglans regia L








Foxycarpa Willd


Ligustrum vulgare L


198

L japonicum Thunb


Clematis vitalba L


Frangula alnus Mill
















P caucasica Fed


Rosa boissieri Crep


Rcanina L


Rcorymbifera Borkh

ასკილი









199

Populus tremula L


Salix alba L


Scaprea L


S caucasica Anderss


Sambucus nigra L




Staphylea pinnata L






Dmezereum L


Dpontica L




Ulmus glabra Huds

თელა + + +

Uscarba Mill




Vmyrtillus L


Vuliginosum L



200

უზანი

Vopulus L


+

Vitis vinifera L


Smilax excelsa L








201









2 3 4 5 6 7 8



+



+

Acer campestre L


+

Alaetum CAMey

ქორაფი

+

Aplatanoides L


+



+

Alnus barbata CAMey


+



+

Elatifolia (L) Mill


+

Carpinus betulus L

რცხილა

+

Corientalis Mill


+

Corylus avellana L


+

Diospyros lotus L


+

Rluteum Sweet +

202

იელი

Rponticum L


+

R ungernii Trautv


+



+



+



+



+

Juglans regia L


+



+



+

Frangula alnus Mill


+


ხეშავი

+



+

P caucasica Fed


+

Populus tremula L


+

Salix alba L

ჭნორი

+

Scaprea L


+

Staphylea pinnata L


+

Dmezereum L +

203


Dpontica L


+


ცაცხვი

+

Ulmus glabra Huds

თელა

+



+

Vmyrtillus L

მოცვი

+

Smilax excelsa L


+



+

- 204 -







mtiralas ep

kintriSis dt

1 2 3 4























- 205 -



































- 206 -



+


































- 207 -

















+ +



















- 208 -





































- 209 -












+













შაშვი

+ +













- 210 -












+ +


























- 211 -










+ +









ზღარბი

+




















- 212 -



+ +











+

























- 213 -














- 214 -





- 215 -

