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SILABUS NG KURSO Filipino 111.1 Kulturang Popular: Mga Anyo ng Kulturang Popular sa Pilipinas (Anime)

B B . J U L Z H . E . R I D D L E & G . J E T H R O N . P . T E N O R I O

2nd, 1

4- 1

5

Nakatuon ang kurso sa pag-aaral ng mga anyo ng kutlurang popular sa Pilipinas bilang lunan ng masaklaw na mga pananaliksik hinggil sa kultura, kasaysayan, wika, at kaisipang Filipino. Sa pamamagitan ng pagsangguni sa mga nalimbag at umiiral nang diskurso hinggil sa produksyon at resepsyon ng iba-ibang anyo ng kulturang popular, sisikaping masiyasat ng kurso ang nagtatalabang kilos ng tumatangkilik na indibidwal sa paglulugar ng sarili sa mga kontradiksyong global at konsumerista ng kasalukuyang lipunang ginagalawan. Sa pagtuon sa anime bilang isang mahalagang danas ng kasalukuyang henerasyon, sisiyasatin ng kurso ang anime bilang tekstong lunan at lunsaran ng mga ugnayang nasyunal at transnasyunal na kinakatha ng/kumakatha sa mga nagtatalabang karanasan ng identidad, kasarian, uri, lahi, etnisidad, paniniwala at maging pagpapakahulugan sa kasaysayan, teknolohiya at lipunan.

PAGLALARAWAN NG KURSO

Nakapagbibigay ng panimulang pagpapalawig sa ilang pangunahing konsepto sa pag-aaral ng kulturang popular ng Pilipinas tulad ng mga anyo, pamamaraan at kumbensyon.

Nakakikilala ng mga panandang-bato ng mga tiyak na anyo ng kulturang popular, at nailulugar ang mga ito sa tiyak na kontekstong historikal at kultural.

Nakasusuri ng mga tiyak na anyo ng kulturang popular gamit ang kritikal at teoretikal na kaisipang tinalakay sa klase.

Nakabubuo ng sariling panunuring tekstwal sa isang tiyak na anyo ng kulturang popular o penomenong kultural sa Pilipinas.

Linggo 1-2Schola Brevis Mga Batayang Kaisipan Hinggil sa Nasyunalismo, Transnasyunalismo, at Anime “Cultural Roots” mula sa Imagined Communities, Benedict Anderson || Nation-branding and Transnational Consumption: Japan-Mania and the Korean Wave in Taiwan, Shuling Huang || “Anime and Local/Global Identity” mula sa Anime From Akira to Howl’s Moving Castle, Susan Napier || Pelikula: From Up on Poppy Hill, Goro Miyazaki

Linggo 3-4Dinamiko ng Panggagagad, Paghiram, at Pag-angking Kultural Transcultural creativity in anime: Hybrid identities in the production, distribution, texts and fandom of Japanese anime, Rayna Denison || Serye: Shingeki no Kyojin, Tetsuro Araki || Yakitate! Japan, Yasunao Aoki

Linggo 5-6Pag-alala at Paglimot

bilang Pagsasakasaysayan Between Memory and History:

Les Lieux de Mémoire, Pierre Nora || “No More Words:

Barefoot Gen, Grave of the Fireflies, and ‘Victim’s History’”

mula sa Anime from Akira to Howl’s Moving Castle, Susan Napier || Serye: Fushigi Yûgi, Hajime Kamigaki || Pelikula: Grave of the Fireflies, Isao Takahata

Linggo 7-8Nilalang ng Kasaysayan: Katotohanan ng Suheto, Pagkasuheto at Panunuheto “From Truth and Power” mula sa Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism, Michel Foucault || “National History as Otaku Fantasy” mula sa Japanese Visual Culture: Explorations in the World of Manga and Anime, Melek Ortabasi ||

Mga Bunga ng Pagkatuto (Learning Outcomes)

Kagawaran ng Filipino, Paaralan ng Humanidades,

Mga Paaralang Loyola,

Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila

Units: 3Schedule: Miyerkules 4:30-7:30Section: A (Filipino Dept.)

Balangkas ng Kurso

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Mga Aklat Sanggunian

Pangunahing Babasahin:A. Aklat

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Nirebisang Edisyon para sa Pilipinas. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing, Inc., 2003.

Bennett, Jane. Vibrant Matter: a political ecology of things. NC: Duke University Press, 2009

Brown, Steven. Pat. Cinema Anime: Critical Engagements with Japanes Animation. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

Cavallaro, Dani. Japanese Aesthetics and Anime: The Influence of Tradition. Jefferson, North Carolina at London: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2013.

Lamarre, Thomas. The Anime Machine: A Media Theory of Animation. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 2009.

Leitch, Vincent. (pat.) Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. USA: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2001.

MacWilliams, Mark W. (pat.) Japanese Visual Culture: Explorations in the World of Manga and Anime. New York and England: M.E. Sharpe, 2008.

Napier, Susan J. Anime From Akira to Howl’s Moving Castle: Experiencing Contemporary Japanese Animation. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

Steiff, Josef at Tamplin, Tristan D. (mga pat.) Anime and Philosophy. Chicago and Illinois: Open Court Publishing, 2010.

Zamora, Lois Parkinson. (pat.) Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community. Durnham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2000.

B. Journal Articles

Denison, Rayna. “Transcultural Creativity in anime: Hybrid identities in the production, distribution, texts and fandom of Japanese anime.” Creative Industries Journal 3, no. 3: 221-235. Accessed November 5, 2014. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1386/cij.3.3.221_1.

Huang, Shuling. “Nation-branding and transnational consumption: Japan-mania and the Korean Wave in Taiwan.” Media, Culture and Society 33, no. 1: 3-18. Accessed November 5, 2014. http://mcs.sagepub.com/content/33/1/3.full.pdf+html.

Lamarra, Thomas. “Born of Trauma: Akira and Capitalist Modes of Destruction.” positions 16, no.1: 131-156. Accessed November 5, 2014. http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/pos/summary/v016/16.1.lamarre.html.

Nora, Pierre. “Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire.” Representations No. 26, Special Issue: Memory and Counter-memory: 7-24. Accessed November 5, 2014. http://woodlawnschool.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/60740258/Les%20lieux%20de%20memoire.pdf.

Saito, Kumiko. “Magic, Shōjo, and Metamorphosis: Magical Girl Anime and the Challenges of Changing Gender Identities in Japanese Society.” The Journal of Asian Studies 73, no. 1: 143-164. Accessed November 5, 2014. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9184698&fileId=S0021911813001708.

(…) Serye: Rurouni Kenshin, Kazuhiro Furuhashi || Pelikula: Millennium Actress, Satoshi Kon

Linggo 9–10Kasarian sa Ilang Kumbensiyon ng Shoujo Anime Magic, Shōjo, and Metamorphosis: Magical Girl Anime and the Challenges of Changing Gender Identities in Japanese Society, Kumiko Saito || “‘Excuse Me,Who Are You?’: Performance, the Gaze, and the Female in the Works of Kon Satoshi” mula sa Cinema Anime, Susan Napier || Serye: Puella Magi Madoka Magica, Gen Urobuchi || Yamato Nadeshiko Shichi Henge, Shinichi Watanabe || Pelikula: Perfect Blue, Satoshi Kon

Linggo 11-12Ideyolohiya at ang Utopiko/Dystopikong Lipunan “From On Ideology” mula sa Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism, Louis Althusser || Born of Trauma: ‘Akira’ and Capitalist Modes of Destruction, Thomas Lamarre || “Human Alchemy and the Deadly Sins of Capitalism” mula sa Anime and Philosophy, D.E. Wittkower || Serye: Full Metal Alchemist, Seiji Mizushima || Death Note, Tetsuro Araki || Pelikula: Akira, Katsuhiro Otomo

Linggo 13-14Pagharaya at Paglalarawan sa Kosmolohiya ng Natural at Sobrenatural “The Metamorphoses of Fictional Space: Magic Realism”, Rawdon Wilson || “Nature” mula sa Japanese Aesthetics and Anime: The Influence of Tradition, Dani Cavallaro II Serye: Mushishi, Hiroshi Nagahama || Pelikula: My Neighbor Totoro, Hayao Miyazaki

Linggo 15-16Ang Makina Bilang Ina sa Kumbensiyon ng Sci-fi at Mecha “The Agency of Assemblages” mula sa Vibrant Matter, Jane Bennett || “The Absence of Sex” at “Platonic Sex” mula sa The Anime Machine, Thomas Lamarre || “Doll Parts: Technology and the Body in Ghost in the Shell” mula sa Anime from Princess Akira to Howl’s Moving Castle, Susan Napier || Serye: Neon Genesis Evangelion, Hideaki Anno || Chobits, Morio Asaka || Pelikula: Ghost in the Shell, Mamoru Oshii

Linggo 17-18Paghahanda para sa Pangwakas na Papel

Balangkas ng Kurso

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Mungkahing Babasahin:A. Pag-aaral sa Anime

Bolton, Christopher, Istvan Csicsery-Ronay Jr., at Takayukit Tatsumi (pat.) Robot Ghosts and Wired Dreams: Japanese Science Fiction from Origins to Anime. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 2007.

Bravo, Ma. Bernadette “Japanese Cultural Influence in the Philippines through Anime’s Popularity and Pervasiveness. Phd. Diss. Waseda University, 2012. Accessed Nov. 5, 2014. https://dspace.wul.waseda.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2065/40000/1/Honbun-6044.pdf

Brenner, Robin E. Understanding Manga and Anime. Connecticut and London: Libraries Unlimited, 2007.

Cavallaro, Dani. Anime and the Art of Adaptation: Eight Famous Works from Page to Screen. Jefferson, North Carolina and London: McFarland & Co., Inc. Publishers, 2010.

Clements, Jonathan at Helen McCarthy. The Anime Encyclopedia Revised and Expanded Edition: A Guide to Japanese Animation since 1917. California: Stone Bridge Press, 2006.

Cooper-Chen, Anne. “Japan’s Illustrated Storytelling: A Thematic Analysis of Globalized Anime and Manga.” Keio Communication Review 2011, no. 33: 85-98. Accessed November 5, 2014. http://www.mediacom.keio.ac.jp/publication/pdf2011/05Anne.pdf.

Drazen, Patrick. Anime Explosion! The What? Why? and Wow! of Japanese Animation. California: Stone Bridge Press, 2014.

Galbraith, Patrick W. The Moé Manifesto: An Insider’s Look at the Worlds of Manga, Anime and Gaming. Tokyo, Vermont and Singapore, Tuttle Publishing, 2014.

Herlander, Elias. The Anime Galaxy: Japanese Animation as New Media. LabCom Books, 2012.

Papp, Zilia. Anime and Its Roots in Early Japanes Monster Art. UK: Global Oriental Ltd, 2010.

Rayna, Denison. “Anime Fandom and the Liminal Spaces between Fan Creativity and Piracy.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 14, no.5: 449-466. Accessed November 5, 2014. http://ics.sagepub.com/content/14/5/449.

Redmond, Dennis. “Anime and East Asian Culture: Neon Genesis Evangelion” Quarterly Review of Film and Video 24, no.2: 183-188. Accessed November 5, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10509200500486205.

Ruh, Brian. Stray Dog of Anime: The Films of Mamoru Oshii. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

Schodt, Frederik L. The Astro Boy Essays: Osamu Tezuka, Mighty Atom, Manga/Anime Revolution. California: Stone Bridge Press, 2007.

Suan, Stevie. The Anime Paradox: Patterns and Practices through the Lens of Traditional Japanese Theater. Boston: Global Oriental,2013.

B. Pag-aaral sa Kulturang Popular

De Certeau, Michel. “General Introduction.” sa The Practice of Everyday Life, xii-xxiv. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

Fiske, John. “Some television, some topics, and some terminology.” Sa Television Culture, 1-20. NY: Methuen and Co., 1986.

_______“The Jeaning of America.” sa Understanding Popular Culture, 1-22. NY: Routledge, 1991.

Flores, Patrick / Young Critics Circle. “Ang Karanasan sa Panonood ng Sine.” Sa Sining ng Sineng Filipino, 3-13. QC: UP Sentro ng Wikang Filipino, 2009.

During, Simon. The Cultural Studies Reader. London: Routledge, 1999.

Eagleton, Terry, ed. Ideology. London and New York: Longman, 1994.

Maasik, Sonia and Jack Solomon, eds. Signs of Life in the USA: Readings on Popular Culture for Writers. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin’s Press, 1994.

Modleski, Tania, ed. Studies in Entertainment: Critical Approaches to Mass Culture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.

Quayson, Ato . “Magical realism and the African novel”, in F. Abiola Irele (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the African Novel. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Reyes, Soledad S. A Dark Tinge to the World: Selected Essays, 1987-2005. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 2005.

__________. From Darna to Zsazsa Zaturnnah: Desire and Fantasy: Essays on Literature and Popular Culture. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing, Inc. 2009.

__________. Kritisismo, Mga Teorya at Antolohiya Para sa Epektibong Pagtuturo ng Panitikan. Pasig: Anvil Publishing, 1992.

Ross, Andrew. “No Respect: An Introduction.” Sa No Respect: Intellectuals and Popular Culture, 1-14. NY: Routledge, 1989.

Stokes, Jane C. How to do Media and Cultural Studies. London: Sage, 2003.

Tolentino, Rolando B. Geopolitics of the Visible: Essays on Philippine Film Cultures.

Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000.

__________. National/Transnational: Subject Formation and Media in and on the Philippines. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000.

__________. Richard Gomez at ang Mito ng Pagkalalaki, Sharon Cuneta at ang Perpetual na Birhen at Iba Pang Sanaysay Hinggil sa Bida sa Pelikula Bilang Kultural na Texto. Quezon City, University of the Philippines Press, 1999.

__________. Sa loob at labas ng mall kong sawi kaliluha’y siyang nangyayaring hari: ang pagkatuto at pagtatanghal ng kulturang popular. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 2001.

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C. Pag-aaral sa Nasyunalismo at Transnasyunalismo

Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths at Helen Tiffin. (pat.) The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures. London at New York: Routledge, 1995.

__________ (pat.) The Post-colonial Studies Reader. London at New York: Routledge, 1995.

Banton, Mandy. Administering Empire, 1801–1968. London: Institute of Historical Research, 2008.

Bhabha, Homi K. (pat.) Nation and Narrations. London: Routledge, 1990.

________. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994.

Boehmer, Elleke. Colonialism and Postcolonial Literature, Migrant Metaphors. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Césaire, Aimé. Discourse on Colonialism. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972.

Chatterjee, Partha. Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986.

Chew, Shirley & David Richards (pat). A Concise Companion to Postcolonial Literature. Malden: Blackwell, 2010.

Gellner, Ernest. Nations and Nationalism. New York: Cornell University Press, 1983

Gilbert, Bart M. Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, Practices, Politics. London at New York: Verso, 1997

Hai, Ambreen. Making Words Matter: The Agency of Colonial and Postcolonial Literature. Athens, Ohio: Athens University Press, 2009.

Harrison, Nicholas. Postcolonial Criticism: History, Theory and the Work of Fiction. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003.

Hau, Caroline. Necessary Fictions: Philippine Literature and the Nation, 1946-1980. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000.

Kennedy, Valerie. Edward Said: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000.

Loomba, Ania. Colonialism/Postcolonialism. 2nd Ed. New York: Routledge, 2005.

Lowe, Lisa . “Autobiography out of empire”. Small Axe, 28.13 (March 2009).

Lumbera, Bienvenido. Writing the Nation = Pag-akda sa Bansa. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 2000.

Mullaney, Julie. Postcolonial Literatures in Context. London and New York: Continuum, 2010.

Navarro, Atoy, Mary Jane Rodriguez at Vicente Villan (pat.) Pantayong Pananaw: Ugat at Kabuluhan: Pambungad sa Pag-aaral ng Bagong Kasaysayan. Quezon City: Palimbagan ng Lahi, 1997.

Nochlin, Linda. "The Imaginary Orient." In The Politics of Vision: Essays on Nineteenth-Century Art and Society. Westview Press, 1991.

Oboe, Annalisa & Shaul Bassi. Experiences of Freedom in Postcolonial Literatures and Cultures. New York: Routledge, 2011.

Poddar, Prem, Rajeev Shridhar Patke & Lars Jensen. A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures: Continental Europe and Its Empires. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008.

Prakash, Gyan. After Colonialism: Imperial Histories and Post-Colonial Displacements. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1995.

Quayson, Ato. (pat.) The Cambridge History of Postcolonial Literature. London: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Said, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage Books, 1994.

_________. Orientalism. London: Routledge, 1978.

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics. London: Routledge, 1987.

Stoler, Ann Laura. Race and the Education of Desire: Foucault’s History of Sexuality and the Colonial Order of Things. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995.

Thieme, John. The Arnold Anthology of Post-Colonial Literatures in English. London: Arnold, 1996.

Tolentino, Rolando. National/Transnational: Subject Formation and Media in and on the Philippines. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000.

Valdés, Mario J. Rethinking Literary History: A Dialogue on Theory. Oxford University Press, 2002.

Walder, Dennis . Post-colonial Literatures in English: History, Language, Theory. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.

Young, Robert J. C. Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture and Race. London and New York: Routledge, 1995.

Hango ang mga Larawan sa:

•http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1798188/•http://www.crunchyroll.com/shin-sekai-yori-from-the-new-world•http://es.fma.wikia.com/wiki/Edward_Elric•http://www.neogaf.com/forum/showthread.php?t=745693•https://www.pinterest.com/fabricao/fushigi-yuugi/•http://shingekinokyojin.wikia.com/wiki/Chapters_and_Volumes•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_Actress•http://okanime.com/yamato-nadeshiko-shichi-henge/•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Note#mediaviewer/File:SNote.jpg•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_(film)#mediaviewer/File:AKIRA_(1988_poster).jpg•https://www.etsy.com/listing/121382516/neon-genesis-evangelion-posters•http://jinjiruks.blogspot.com/2006_07_01_archive.html•http://arts.umich.edu/seen/2014/11/04/preview-grave-of-the-fireflies/

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Kahingian

Pag-uulat 20%...............................................Indibidwal na pag-uulat ng nakatakdang babasahin at akda. Kinakailangang

magbigay ng balangkas ng talakayan sa buong klase upang magabayan ang lahat sa gagawing pag-uulat.

Pagsusulit at Maikling Papel 20%................Mga indibidwal na pagsusulit na magtatasa sa kahandaan at pag-unawa sa

mga babasahin at panayam. Bagaman nasa anyong pasanaysay ang mga pagsusulit, bahagi ng pagtatasa ang pamilyaridad sa mga obhetibong datos na ibinibigay sa mga panayam, kritikal na sanaysay at akdang pampanitikan.

Pakikilahok 20%............................................Nasa anyo ng malikhaing blog ang pakikilahok sa klase. Paglalapat ng

mga kaisipan o pagpapalalim ng talakayan ang layon ng bawat blog. Maaaring pumili ang mag-aaral ng pagtutuunang bahagi ng talakayan at gawan ito ng mga panibagong ugnayan sa mga paksang siya rin ang pipili. Kahingian na maging malikhain sa pagsulat ng blog. Kaya ito nasa cybrerspace ay upang magkaroon ng oportunidad na lubusin ang mga posibilidad na binubuksan ng nasabing espasyo (i.e. paggamit ng mga video, musika, hyperlinks, atbp.) Walang limitasyon sa bilang ng salita o paraan ng pagsulat, basta’t may taglay na mataas na antas ng kritikalidad.

Walang limitasyon sa bilang ng blog na ipapasa sa klase sa kabuuan ng semestre. Subalit dalawang blog lamang kada linggo ang maaaring ipasa. Mangyaring ipadala sa email ng mga guro ang link ng blog na ipapasa. SUBALIT, hindi rin nangangahulugan na makakukuha ng marka ang bawat blog na ipapasa. Tanging mga blog na kakikitaan ng kahusayan at kalaliman sa pagbuo ng mga kaisipan ang makakakuha ng buong markang 1 (isa). Ibig sabihin, kailangan lamang makapagpasa ng APAT na mahuhusay na blog upang makakuha ng perfect 4 sa kahingiang ito.

Pangwakas na Papel 40%.............................Pangwakas na kritikal na papel na sumusuri sa isang tiyak na aspekto o

penomenong kultural gamit ang anime bilang lunsarang akda. Ihaharap ang panukala ng pangwakas na papel sa isang plenaryo na kabibilangan ng naimbitahang guro na magsisilbing lupon ng tagatasa (critiquing panel). Bahagi kung gayon ng marka ang kahandaan sa pagtatanggol ng mga kaisipang inilalatag sa papel. Bahagi ng marka ang panukalang ihaharap sa plenaryo.

Para sa graduating seniors, ang papel na ihaharap sa plenaryo ang magsisilbi na ninyong pangwakas na papel. Ibig sabihin, kinakailangan ding magpasa ng panukala / abstract ng papaksain ng pangwakas na papel dalawang linggo bago ang plenaryo. Mamarkahan ang abstract batay sa kahandaan ng paggamit sa kaisipang tinalakay sa klase at paglalapat nito sa napiling paksa.

Pagmamarka

Konsultasyon

• Tatlong pagliban lamang ang pinahihintulutan sa klase. Walang make-up na pagsusulit o pag-uulat sa klase.

• Iwasang gamitin ang cellphone sa klase. Sa kabilang banda, maaaring gamitin ang mga laptop at ipad/notebook sa pagkuha ng notes o sa pag-uulat.

• Mahalagang bahagi ng kurso ang pananaliksik. Pangangailangan kung gayon ang disiplinado at masinop na pagtatala ng mga sanggunian bilang paggalang sa karapatang-ari ng iba. Ipinagbabawal ang anumang uri ng pangongopya sa lahat ng gawin sa klase.

• Aasahan ng guro ang pakikiisa at pakikisama ng mga mag-aaral. Nangangahulugan ito ng matamang pakikinig, pag-iwas sa pagtulog at pakikipagkuwentuhan, at pagtutuon ng buong atensyon sa mga nagaganap sa klase.

PATAKARAN SA KLASE

Lunes at Biyernes, 3:00 – 5:00 n.h.Kagawaran ng Filipino3/F Dela Costa Hall

Maaari ring makipag-ugnayan sa at aratilis.atbp@gmail.com at jtenorio@ateneo.edu para sa mahahalagang katanungan o alalahanin. Iwasan ang pagpapadala ng spam mail.

Bawat kahingian ay tatasahin batay sa pagmamarka sa itaas. Sa pagtatapos ng semestre, kukunin ang average ng lahat ng output sa bawat kahingian, bago kunin ang porsyento nito sa Final Mark. Kung papatak ang marka sa gitna ng dalawang letter grade, pakikilahok sa mga talakayan ang magiging batayan kung alin sa pinapagitnaang letter grade ang makukuha.

mula sa https://www.tumblr.com/search/japanese+war+crimes

A (4.00), B+ (3.50), B (3.00), C+ (2.50), C (2.00), D (1.00), F (0.00)