Mun 1:PHNG PHP BO TON V LNG1.1 L thuyt Bo ton khi lng theo phn ng: Tng khi lng cc cht tham gia vo phn ng bng tng khi lng cc cht sau phn ng.V d: trong phn ngA+ B C + DTa c:mA+mB= mC + mD Bo ton khi lng theo mt nguyn tTng khi lng mt nguyn t trong cc cht phn ng bng tng khi lng mt nguyn t trong cc cht sn phm sau phn ng (v l mt nguyn t nn phng trnh khi lng tng ng phng trnh s mol). Nh vy tng s mol ca mt nguyn t trong hn hp trc phn ng bng tng s mol nguyn t trong hn hp sau phn ng. ( nX)trc p = ( nX)sau pNh vy: Gi mT l tng khi lng cc cht trc phn ng, mS l tng khi lng cc cht sau phn ng. Theo bo ton khi lng, lun c: mT = mS Bo ton khi lng v chtKhi lng ca mt hp cht bng tng khi lng cc ion c trong cht , hoc bng tng khi lng cc nguyn t trong cht . Th d: khi lng mui = khi lng kim loi + khi lng gc axit; khi lng oxit kim loi = khi lng kim loi + khi lng oxi... Mt s mi quan h- Quan h sn phm:2MI H2.; MII H2. 2MIII 3H2.2Cl- H2; SO42- H2; 2OH- H2....- Quan h thay th:+) Thay th cation: 2Na+ Mg2+; 3K+ Al3+; 3Ca2+ 2Fe3+..+) Thay th anion: 2Cl- CO32-; 2Cl- O2-; 2Cl- SO42-; O2- SO42-.- Quan h trung ha (kt hp):H+ OH-; Mg2+ CO32-; Mg2+ SO42-; Fe3+ 3OH-; 3Mg2+ 2PO43-; .1.2. Bi tp p dng1.2.1 Ton V c- Dng 1: Tnh lng cht ca mt sn phm phn ngV d:Ly 13,4g hn hp gm 2 mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr II em ho trong dung dch HCl d, nhn c 3,36 L CO2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Tnh khi lng mui khan khi c cn dung dch X.Bi ton c th gii theo phng php bo ton v lng hoc tng gim khi lng.A. 14,8 g B. 15,05 g C. 16,8 g D. 17,2g- Dng 2: Phn ng nhit nhmV d: Ly 21,4g hn hp X gm Al, Fe2O3 em nung mt thi gian ta nhn c hn hp Y gm Al, Al2O3, Fe, Fe2O3. Hn hp Y ho tan va trong 100 mL NaOH 2M. Vy khi lng Fe2O3 trong hn hp X l1A. 12,02 g B.14,8 g C. 15,2 g D.16,0 g- Dng 3: Kh oxit kim loi bng CO hoc H2Hn hp rn X gm Fe2O3v FeO em t nng cho CO i qua c hn hp rn Y v kh CO2. Theo bo ton khi lng th mX + mCO = mY + m2COV d:Cho kh CO i qua ng cha 0,04 mol X gm FeO v Fe2O3t nng, ta nhn c 4,784g cht rn Y (gm 4 cht), kh i ra khi ng dn qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 d th nhn c 9,062g kt ta.Vy s mol FeO, Fe2O3 trong hn hp X ln lt lA. 0,01; 0,03 B. 0,02; 0,02 C. 0,03; 0,02 D. 0,025; 0,015Dng 4: Chuyn kim loi thnh oxit kim loiV d: Ly 14,3g hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn em t trong oxi d, sau khi phn ng hon ton th nhn c 22,3g hn hp Y gm 3 oxit. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M ti thiu cn dng ho tan hn hp Y.A. 400 mL B. 500 mL C. 600 mL D. 750 mLDng 5: Chuyn kim loi thnh muiV d: Ly 10,2g hn hp Mg v Al em ho tan trong H2SO4 long d th nhn c 11,2 L H2. Tnh khi lng mui sunfat to thnh.A. 44,6 g B. 50,8 g C. 58,2 g D. 60,4 gDng 6: Chuyn hp cht ny thnh hp cht khcV d:Ly 48g Fe2O3em t nng cho CO i qua ta thu c hn hp X (gm 4 cht rn). Hn hp X em ho tan trong dung dch H2SO4 m c, nng d thu c SO2 v dung dch Y. Tnh khi lng mui khan khi c cn dung dch Y.A. 100g B. 115g C. 120g D. 135g Bi tp c li gii Bi 1. Cho 24,4 gam hn hp Na2CO3, K2CO3tc dng va vi dung dch BaCl2. Sau phn ng thu c 39,4 gam kt ta. Lc tch kt ta, c cn dung dch thu c m gam mui clorua. Vy m c gi tr l A. 2,66 g B. 22,6 g C. 26,6 g D. 6,26 gHng dn gii2 3BaCl BaCOn n 0,2(mol) p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: mhh + 2BaClm= mkt ta + m m = 24,4 + 0,2.208 39,4 = 26,6 gam p n C. Bi 2. Ha tan 10,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh A (ktc) v 1,54 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. C cn dung dch C thu c m gam mui, m c gi tr l: A. 33,45 B. 33,25 C. 32,99 D. 35,58Hng dn giiTheo nh lut bo ton khi lng:m = m(Al + Mg) + Clm= (10,14 1,54) + 0,7.35,5 = 6,6 + 24,85 = 33,45gp n A.Bi 3. Ha tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp Mg v Fe trong dung dch HCl dthy to ra 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Khi lng mui khan thu c l A. 1,71 g B. 17,1 g C. 3,42 g D. 34,2 g Hng dn giiTheo phng trnh in li22HCl H2,24n n 2n 2 0,2(mol)22,4 + mmui = mkim loi +Clm= 10 + 0,2.35,5 = 17,1 gp n B. Bi 4. Trn 5,4 gam Al vi 6,0 gam Fe2O3 ri nung nng thc hin phn ng nhit nhm. Sau phn ng ta thu c m gam hn hp cht rn. Gi tr ca m l A. 2,24 g B. 9,40 g C. 10,20 g D. 11,40 gHng dn giiTheo nh lut bo ton khi lng :mhh sau = mhh trc = 5,4 + 6,0 = 11,4 gpn C. Bi 5. Cho 0,52 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Mg v Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 long, dthy c 0,336 lt kh thot ra (ktc). Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c l A. 2 gam B. 2,4 gam C. 3,92 gam D. 1,96 gam Hng dn giiTa c mui thu c gm MgSO4 v Al2(SO4)3. Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:mmui = mkim loi +24SOm . Trong :224HSO0,336n n 0,015(mol)22,4 mmui = 0,52 + 0,015.96 = 1,96 gamp n D.Bi 6. Cho 2,81 gam hn hp A gm 3 oxit Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300 mL dung dch H2SO4 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, khi lng hn hp cc mui sunfat khan to ra l A. 3,81 g B. 4,81 g C. 5,21 g D. 4,8 g Hng dn giip dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: moxit + 2 4H SOm= mmui + 2H Ommmui = moxit + 2 4H SOm 2H OmTrong : 2 2 4H O H SOn n 0,3.0,1 0,03(mol) mmui = 2,81+ 0.03.98 0,03.18 = 5,21gp n C.Bi 7.Thi mt lung kh CO d qua ng s ng m gam hn hp gm CuO, Fe2O3, FeO, Al2O3 nung nng thu c 2,5 gam cht rn. Ton b kh thot ra sc vo nc vi trong d thy c 15 gam kt ta trng. Khi lng ca hn hp oxit kim loi ban u l A. 7,4 gam B. 4,9 gam C. 9,8 gam D. 23 gam Hng dn giiCc phng trnh ho hcMxOy+yCO 0t xM+yCO2Ca(OH)2 +CO2 CaCO3 +H2OTa c: moxit = mkim loi + moxiTrong : nO = nCO = 2 3CO CaCOn n 0,15(mol) moxit = 2,5 + 0,15.16 = 4,9 gBi 8. Chia 1,24 gam hn hp hai kim loi c ha tr khng i thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1: b oxi ha hon ton thu c 0,78 gam hn hp oxit. Phn 2: tan hon ton trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu c V lt H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch thu c m gam mui khan. 1. Gi tr ca V l A. 2,24 L B. 0,112 LC. 5,6 L D. 0,224 L2. Gi tr ca m l 3A. 1,58 g B. 15,8 g C. 2,54 g D. 25,4 g Hng dn gii 1. Ta nhn thy, khi kim loi tc dng vi oxi v H2SO4, s mol O2 bng SO42, hay:2 224HO SOn n n Trong mO = moxit mkim loi = 0,78 1,242 = 0,16 g22HO0,16n n 0,0116 mol. 2HV 0,01.22,4 0,224 Lp n D.2. mmui = mkim loi +24SOm = 1,242 + 0,01.96 = 1,58 gp n A.Bi 9. Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hn hp Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit HCl d thy c 11,2 lt kh thot ra (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th khi lng mui khan thu c l A. 35,5 gB. 45,5 gC. 55,5 gamD. 65,5 gHng dn gii2H11,2n22,4= 0,5 (mol) nHCl = 2H2n= 0,5.2 = 1 molp dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, mkim loi + mHCl= mmui+ mHirommui =mkim loi + mHCl mHiro = 20 + 1.36,5 2.0,5 = 55,5 gCch 2: mmui =mkim loi + Clm= 20 + 1.35,5 = 55,5 gp n A. Bi 10.Ho tan ht 38,60 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi M trong dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 14,56 lt H2 (ktc). Khi lng hn hp mui clorua khan thu c lA. 48,75 gam B. 84,75 gam C. 74,85 gam D. 78,45 gam Hng dn giiTa c: mmui =mkim loi + ClmTrong : 2HCl HCl14,46n n 2n 222,4 = 1,3 molmmui = 38,6 + 1,3.35,5 = 84,75 (g).p n B.Bi 11. Cho tan hon ton 8,0 g hn hp X gm FeS v FeS2 trong 290 mL dung dch HNO3, thu c kh NO v dung dch Y. tc dng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch Y, cn 250 mL dung dch Ba(OH)21 M. Kt ta to thnh em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i c 32,03 gam cht rn Z. a. Khi lng mi cht trong X lA. 3,6 g FeS v 4,4 g FeS2B.4,4 gam FeS v 3,6 g FeS2C. 2,2 g FeS v 5,8 g FeS2D. 4,6 gam FeS v 3,4 g FeS2b. Th tch kh NO (ktc) thu c l A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 6,72 lt c. Nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 dng l A. 1 M B. 1,5 M C. 2 M D. 0,5 M Hng dn giia. p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng i vi nguyn t Fe v S Ta c : x mol FeS v y mol FeS 0,5(x+y) mol Fe2O3 v (x+2y) mol BaSO4 488x 120y 8 88x 120y 8160.0,5(x y) 233(x 2y) 32,03 313x 546y 23,03+ + ' '+ + + + Gii h c x = 0,05 v y = 0,03 Khi lng ca FeS = 88.x = 88.0,05 = 4,4 gamKhi lng ca FeS2: 8 4,4 = 3,6 gam.p n B. b. p dng nh lut bo ton electron FeS9e Fe+3 +S+6 0,05 0,45molFeS2 15e Fe+3 +2S+60,03 0,45 molN+5+3e N+2 3x..x mol3x = 0,45 + 0,45 , x = 0,3 mol. VNO = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 Lp n D.c.3Fen+ = x + y = 0,08 mol. lm kt ta ht lng Fe3+ cn 0,24 mol OH hay 0,12 mol Ba(OH)2Kt ta (x + 2y) = 0,11 mol SO42 cn 0,11 mol Ba2+ hay 0,11 mol Ba(OH)2S mol Ba(OH)2 dng = 0,12 + 0,11 = 0,23 < 0,25 Cn: 0,25 0,23 = 0,02 mol Ba(OH)2 trung ho vi 0,04 mol HNO3 d3 33HNO (p ) NO HNO (d )NOn n n n + += 0,08.3 + 0,3 + 0,04 = 0,58 (mol)3M(HNO )0,58C 2M0,29 p n C.Bi 13. Thi 8,96 lt CO (ktc) qua 16 gam FexOy nung nng. Dn ton b lng kh sau phn ng qua dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thy to ra 30 gam kt ta. Khi lng st thu c lA. 9,2 g B. 6,4 g C. 9,6 g D. 11,2 gHng dn gii FexOy + yCO xFe + yCO21 y x ynCO = 8,9622,4= 0,4 (mol) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O2 3CO CaCO30n n 0,3(mol)100 2CO COn n >CO d v FexOy htTheo nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:x y 2Fe O CO Fe COm m m m + +16 + 28.0,3 = mFe + 0,3.44 mFe = 11,2 (gam)Hoc: x yFe Fe O Om m m = 16 0,3.16 = 11,2 (gam)p n D.Bi 14. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm vi 9,66 gam hn hp X gm FexOy v nhm, thu c hn hp rn Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c dung dch D, 0,672 lt kh (ktc) v cht khng tan Z. Sc CO2 n d vo dung dch D lc kt ta v nung n khi lng khng i c 5,1 gam cht rn. a. Khi lng ca FexOy v Al trong X ln lt l A. 6,96 g v 2,7g B. 5,04 g v 4,62 g C. 2,52 g v 7,14 g D. 4,26 g v 5,4 g5b. Cng thc ca oxit st lA. FeO B. Fe2O3C. Fe3O4D. Khng xc nh Hng dn giia.2yAl+3FexOy yAl2O3 +3xFe(1) Al+NaOH+H2ONaAlO2 +3/2H2(2) 0,02................................... 0,02 .......... 0,03 NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 (3)2Al(OH)3 0t Al2O3 +3H2O (4) Nhn xt: Tt c lng Al ban u u chuyn ht v Al2O3 (4). Do nAl (ban u) = 22 3Al O5,1n 2102 =0,1 mol mAl = 0,1.27 = 2,7 gx yFe Om= 9,66 2,7 = 6,96 gp n A.b. nAl (ban u) = 22 3Al O5,1n 2102 =0,1 (mol) mAl = 0,1.27 = 2,7 gTheo nh lut bo ton khi lng nguyn t oxi, ta c:x y 2 3O(trongFe O ) O(trongAl O )n n = 1,5.0,08 = 0,12 molFe6,96 0,12.16n 0,09(mol)56 nFe : nO = 0,09 : 0,12 = 3 : 4. CTPT l Fe3O4p n C.Bi 15. Kh hon ton 32 gam hn hp CuO v Fe2O3 bng kh H2 thy to ra 9 gam H2O. Khi lng hn hp kim loi thu c l A. 12 g B. 16 g C. 24 g D. 26 gHng dn giiV H2 ly oxi ca oxit kim loi H2O Ta c: nO (trong oxit) = 2H On= 918= 0,5 (mol)mO = 0,5.16 = 8 gam mkim loi = 32 8 = 24 gp n C. Bi 16.Thi mt lung kh CO d i qua ng ng hn hp 2 oxit Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra c a vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy c 5 gam kt ta trng. Khi lng hn hp 2 oxit kim loi ban u l A. 3,12 g B. 3,21 g C. 4 g D. 4,2 gHng dn giiFe3O4+4CO0t 3Fe+4CO2CuO+CO0tCu+CO2CO2+Ca(OH)2 CaCO3+H2OCO ly oxi trong oxitCO2nO (trong oxit) = nCO = 2 3CO CaCOn n = 0,05 molmoxit = mkim loi + moxi trong oxit = 2,32 + 0,05.16 = 3,12 gp n A.6 Bi tp rn luyn k nng1. Cho 11,36g hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dd HNO3 long d thu c 1,344lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) kc v dd X. C cn dd X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m lA. 38,72B. 35,50 C. 49,09 D. 34,362. Ha tan ht 7,74g hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500ml dd hn hp HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,28M thu c dd X v 8,736 lit H2 kc. C cn dd X thu c lng mui khan lA. 38,93g B. 103,85gC. 25,95gD. 77,86g3. Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 va thu c dd X (ch cha 2mui sunfat khan) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a lA. 0,04 B. 0,075C. 0,12 D. 0,064. Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2g Cr2O3 v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c 23,3g hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi axit HCl d thy thot ra V lit kh H2 (kc). Gi tr ca V lA. 4,48B. 7,84C. 10,08D. 3,365. Ha tan hon ton 2,81g hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500ml dd H2SO4 0,1M va . C cn dd sau phn ng th thu c s gam mui khan lA. 6,81 B. 4,81C. 3,81 D. 5,816. Cho 0,52g hn hp 2 kim loi Mg v Fe tan hon ton trong dd H2SO4 d thy c 0,336 lit kh thot ra (kc). Khi lng hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c lA. 2gB. 2,4g C. 3,92g D. 1,96g7..Ly 33,6 g hn hp X gm Na2CO3 v K2CO3 ho tan trong dung dch H2SO4 d thu c dung dch Y v 6,72 L CO2 (ktc). Khi lng mui khan sau khi c cn dung dch Y lA. 33,6 g B. 44,4 g C. 47,4 g D. 50,2 g8. Ho tan ht m (g) hn hp gm M2CO3 v RCO3 trong dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch Yv V (L) kh CO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch Y th c (m + 3,3)g mui khan. Vy th tch kh CO2 lA. 2,24 L B. 3,36 L D. 4,48 L D. 6,72 L9. Cho kh CO i qua m (g) hn hp gm Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 un nng, sau khi phn ng xong hn hp rn thu c c khi lng 5,5g, kh i ra dn qua dung dch nc vi trong d thy c 5g kt ta. Vy m c gi tr lA. 6,3g B. 7,3g C. 5,8g D. 6,5g10.Ly2,81 ghnhp Xgm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO ho tan va trong 500 mL dung dch H2SO4 0,1M. Dung dch sau phn ng em c cn c m (g) mui khan. Vy m c gi tr lA. 6,81 B. 4,81 C. 3,81 D. 5,8111. Ly a (g) hn hp X gm Al v Al2O3 em ho tan vo H2SO4 long d th nhn c 6,72 L H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y, cho NH3 d vo dung dch Y, lc kt ta nung n khi lng khng i c 20,4g cht rn. Vy gi tr ca a lA. 12,4 B. 15,6 C. 17,2 D. 16,812.Ly 8,12 g FexOy em t nng cho CO i qua, lng Fe to thnh em ho tan trong dung dch H2SO4 d th nhn c 2,352 L H2 (ktc). Vy cng thc phn t ca FexOy lA. FeO B. Fe2O3C. Fe3O4D. Fe4O6 13. Ly a (g) hn hp X gm Fe, Fe2O3 em ho tan trong dung dch HCl d th nhn c 2,24 L H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y, cho NaOH d vo dung dch Y, lc kt ta nung ngoi khng kh thu c 24 g cht rn. Vy gi tr ca a lA. 13,6 B. 17,6 C. 21,6 D. 29,6714.Ly 0,52 g hn hp Mg v Fe em ho tan vo dung dch H2SO4long d th nhn c 0,336 L H2 (ktc) v m (g) mui khan. Vy gi tr ca m lA. 2,00 B. 3,92 C. 2,40 D. 1,9615.Cho mt lng CO d i qua m (g) hn hp CuO, Fe2O3, FeO, Al2O3t nng, thu c 2,5g cht rn; kh i qua dn qua nc vi trong d c 15g kt ta. Vy m lA. 7,4g B. 9,8g C. 4,9g D. 23g16. Ly 10,14g hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Cu em ho tan trong HCl d th thu c 7,84 L H2 (ktc) v 1,54g cht rn khng tan, v dung dch Z. em c cn dung dch Z th thu c mui khan c khi lng lA. 33,45g B. 32,99g C. 33,25g D. 35,38g1.2.2 Ton Hu cDng 1: Cc bi ton cng HiroBi 1. Hn hp X gm 0,04 mol C2H2 v 0,06 mol H2 em t nng c mt xc tc Ni ta c hn hp Y (gm 4 cht). Ly mt na hn hp Y cho qua bnh nc brom d; th cn li 448 mL kh Z (ktc) i ra khi bnh, t khi hi ca Z so vi H2 bng 1,5. Vy khi lng tng ln bnh brom lA. 0,2g B. 0,4g C. 0,6g D. 1,2gBi 2. Hn hp X gm 0,02 mol axetilen v 0,03 mol hiro dn qua xc tc Ni t nng c hn hp Y gm C2H2, H2, C2H4, C2H6. em trn hn hp Y vi 1,68 L oxi (ktc) trong bnh 4 lt, sau t chy 109,2 0C v p (atm). Vy gi tr ca p lA. 0,672 B. 0,784 C. 0,96 D. 1,12 Dng 2: Thit lp CTPT hp cht hu c da vo sn phm t chyBi 1: t chy hon ton 1 lt kh X cn 5 lt oxi, sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi nc. Bit cc kh o cng iu kin v nhit v p sut. Cng tc phn t ca X l:A. C3H6B. C3H8C.C3H8O D.C3H6O2Bi 2: Nicotin c trong thuc l l mt cht rt c, c th gy ung thu phi. t chy 16,2 gam nicotin bng oxi va thu c 44g CO2, 12,6g H2O v 2,24 lt N2 (ktc). Bit 85 < Mnicotin < 230. Cng thc phn t ng ca nicotin l:A. C5H7NO B. C5H7NO2C. C10H14N2D.C10H13N3Bi 3: t chy hon ton 2,79 g hp cht hu c Y ri cho cc sn phm chy i qua cc bnh ng CaCl2khan v KOH, thy bnh CaCl2 tng thm 1,89 gam, khi lng bnh KOH tng 7,92 gam v cn li 336 ml kh N2 (ktc) ra khi bnh. Bit Y ch cha mt nguyn t nit. Cng thc phn t ca Y l:A. C6H7ON B. C6H7N C. C5H9N D.C5H7NBi4:Phn tchccthnhphn nguyn t ca 1 axit cacboxylic A thu c 34,615%C v 3,84%H. A l:A. axit axetic B. axit fomic C. axit acrylic D. axit manolicBi 5: Cht A (C, H, O) vi thnh phn khi lng cc nguyn t tho mn: 8(mC + mH) = 7 mO. Bit A c th iu ch trc tip t glucoz. Cng tc phn t ca A l:A. CH2O B. C2H4O2C. C3H6O3D. C4H8O4Bi 6: Hiro ho 1 hirocacbon A mch h cha no thnh no phi dng mt th tch H2 gp i th tch hi hirocacbon dng. Mt khc t chy mt th tch hi hirocacbon trn thu c 9 th tch hn hp CO2 v hi H2O (cc th tch o cung iu kin). CTPT ca A l:A.C3H6B. C5H8C. C6H10D.C4H8Bi 7: t chy hon ton 2,64 gam 1 hirocacbon A thu c 4,032 lt CO2 (ktc). CTPT ca hirocacbon A l:A. C6H14B. C6H12C. C3H8D. C3H6Bi8: t chy hon ton 3 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 4,4 gam CO2 v 1,8 gam H2O. Bit t khi ca A vi He l 7,5. CTPT ca A l:A. CH2O B. CH4C. C2H4O2D. C2H68Bi 9: C 3 cht hu c A, B, C m phn t ca chng lp thnh 1 cp s cng. Bt c cht no khi chy cng ch to CO2 v H2O, trong nCO2 :nH2O = 2 : 3. CTPT ca A, B, C ln lt l:A. C2H4, C2H4O, C2H4O2B. C2H4, C2H6O, C2H6O2C. C3H8, C3H8O, C3H8O2D. C2H6, C2H6O, C2H6O2Bi 10: t chy 200 ml hi mt cht hu c A cha C, H, O trong 900 ml O2, th tch hn hp kh thu c l 1,3 lt. Sau khi co hi nc nhng t ch con 700 ml. Tip theo cho qua dung dch KOH c ch cn 100 ml (cc th tch o cng iu kin). CTPT ca A l:A. C3H6B. C3H6C. C3H8O D. C3H8Bi 11: Trn 400 cm3 hn hp hp cht hu c A v nit vi 900 cm3 oxi d ri t. Th tch hn hp sau phn ng l 1,4 lt. Sau khi cho hi nc ngng t th cn 800 cm3, tip tc cho qua dung dch KOH th cn 400 cm3. CTPT ca A l:A. C2H4B. CH4 C. C2H6D. C3H8Bi12: C5,5thtchoxi th t chyva1thtchkh hirocacbon. CTPTca hirocacbon l:A. C4H6B. C5H2C. C6H6D. A, B ngBi 13: Oxi ho hon ton 4,6 gam hp cht hu c A bng CuO un nng. Sau phn ng thu c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) v H2O, ng thi nhn thy khi lng CuO ban u gim bt 9,6 gam. CTPT ca A l:A. C2H6O B. C3H8O C. C2H6O2D. C4H12O2Bi14:t chy hon ton 1hirocacbon A cn dng 28,8 gam oxi thu c 13,44 lt CO2 (ktc)> Bt t khi hi ca A i vi khng kh l d vi 2 < d < 2,5. CTPT ca A l:A. C4H8B.C5H10C. C5H12D. C4H10 Bi 15: t chy hon ton 18 gam hp cht A cn dng 16,8 lt oxi (ktc). Hn hp sn phm chy gm CO2 v hi nc c t l v th tch VCO2 : VH2O = 3: 2. Bit t khi hi ca A i vi H2 l36.CTPT ca A l:A. C2H6O B. C2H6O2C. C3H8O2D. C3H4O2Bi 16: t chy hon ton m gam hp cht hu c A th thu c a gam CO2 v b gam H2O. Bit 3a = 11b v 7m = 3(a + b). CTPT ca A l: (bit t khi hi ca A i vi khng kh nh hn 3)A. C3H8B. C2H6C. C3H4O2D. C3H6O2Bi17:t chy1,08hpcht hucXri chotonbsnphmchyvodungdch Ba(OH)2 thy bnh nng thm 4,6 gam ng thi to thnh 6,475 gam mui axit v 5,91 gam mui trung ho. T khi hi ca X i vi He l 13,5. CTPT ca X l:A. C3H6O2B. C4H6C. C4H10D. C3H8O2Bi 18: t chy hp cht hu c A (Cha C, H, O) phi dng 1 lng oxi bng 8 ln lng oxi c trong A v thu c lng CO2 v H2O theo t l khi lng mCO2 : mH2O = 22 : 9. Bit t khi hi ca X so vi H2 l 29. CTPT ca X l:A. C2H6O2B. C2H6O C. C3H6O D. C3H6O2Bi 19: t chy hon ton 1 mol ancol no A cn 2,5 mol O2. CTPT ca A l:A. C2H6O B. C2H6O2C. C3H8O3D. C3H6O2Bi 20: t chy hon ton1,12 gam hp cht hu c A ri cho hp thton b sn phm chy trong dung dch Ba(OH)2d thy khi lng bnh cha tng 3,36 gam. Bit nCO2= 1,5.nH2Ov t khi hi ca A i vi H2 nh hn 30. CTPT ca A l:A. C3H4O B. C3H4O2C. C6H8O2D. C6H8OBi 21: t chy hon ton a gam 1 hirocacbon A mch h. Sn phm chy cdn qua bnh cha nc vi trong c d, thu c 3 gam kt ta, ng thi bnh nng thm 1,68 gam. CTPT ca A l:A. C2H6B. C3H8C. C3H4D. C2H2Bi 22: Cho 5 cm3 CxHy th kh vi 30 cm3 O2 (ly d) vo kh nhin k. Sau khi bt tia la in v lm lnh, trong kh nhin k cn 20 cm3 m 15 cm3 b hp th bi dung dch KOH. Phn cn li b hp th bi photpho. CXTPT ca hirocacbon l:A. CH4 B. C2H6C. C3H8D. C4H109Dng 3: Tnh lng cht v sn phm phn ngBi 1: Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp cht rn khan c khi lng l:A. 8,64 gam B. 6,84 gam C. 4,90 gam D. 6,80 gamBi 2: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l:A. 17,80 gam B. 18,24 gam C. 16,68 gam D. 38 gamBi 3: Cho 5,9 gam amin n chc X tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Lm bay hi dung dch Y c 9,55 gam mui khan. S cng thc cu to ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l:A. 5 B.4 C. 2 D. 3Bi 4: Trong phn t amino axit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0 gam X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X l:A. H2NC3H6COOH B. H2NCH2COOHC. H2NC2H4COOH D. H2NC4H8COOHBi 5: Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dng dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca X l:A. C2H5COOH B. CH3COOH C. HCOOH D. C3H7COOHBi6:Ly 15,6 g hn hp gm ancol etylic v mt ancol ng ng chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng Na d thu c 2,24 L H2 (ktc). Phn 2 em trn vi 30 g axit axetic ri thc hin phn ng este, hiu sut 80% th thu c m (g) este. Vy m c gi tr lA. 10,08 g B. 12,96 g C. 13,44 g D. 15,68 gBi 7: X phng ho hon ton 89g cht bo X bng dung dch NaOH va nhn c 9,2g glixerol v m (g) x phng. Vy gi tr ca m lA. 78,4 g B. 89,6 g C. 91,8 g D. 96,6 g Bi tp rn luyn k nngBi 1. Ly 10,4g 1 axit hu c 2 ln axit cho tc dng va vi 100 mL dung dch NaOH 2M c dung dch X, em c cn dung dch th c m(g) mui khan. Vy gi tr ca m lA. 12,6 B. 14,8 C. 16,6 D. 18,8Bi 2. Cht hu c X (C, H, O) tc dng c vi NaOH nhng khng phn ng vi Na. Ly m(g) X t chy th cn 8,4 L oxi, thu c 6,72 L CO2 v 5,4g H2O. Vy s ng phn cng chc vi X lA. 3 B. 5 C. 6 D. 4Bi 3. em un nng hn hp gm 2 ancol no, n l ng ng k tip vi H2SO4 c, 140 0C thu c 8,8g hn hp 3 ete v 1,8g H2O. CTPT 2 ancol trong hn hp X:A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. C4H9OH v C5H10OHC. C3H7OH v C4 H9OH D. C2H5OH v C3H7OHBi 4. t chy m (g) 1 ancol n chc cn V lt oxi, thu c 17,6g CO2 v 9,0g H2O. Vy th tch oxi lA. 11,2 L B. 15,68 L C. 13,44 L D. 17,92 LBi 5. t chy a (g) hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc). Nu un nng a (g) hn hp X trn vi H2SO4 c, 1700C th thu c hn hp Y gm 2 olefin, em t chy ht Y th c b (g) CO2 v H2O. Vy b c gi tr lA. 15,8 g B. 18,6 gC. 17,2 gD. 19,6 gBi 6. t chy ht 0,1 mol axit cacboxylic n chc X cn V lt kh oxi, thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Vy V c gi tr lA. 8,96 L B. 11,2 L C. 6,72 L D. 4,48 L10Bi 7. Ly 17,24g cht bo x phng ho va 0,06 mol NaOH, sau em c cn c m (g) x phng. Vy m c gi tr lA. 18,24 g B. 16,68 g C. 18,38 gD. 17,80 gBi8.t chy 1 amin n chc X ta nhn c 8,4 lt CO2, 1,4 lt N2, 10,125g H2O. Vy CTPT X l A. C3H7N B. C2H7N C. C3H9N D. C4H9N11 Moun 2: PHNG PHP TNG GIM KHI LNG2.1. L thuytCc phn ng ho hc xy ra chuyn cht ny sang cht khc nn khi lng phn t ca cht cng thay i theo. S thay i ny c th ln hn hoc nh hn hay cn gi l tng ln hoc gim xung. S dng tnh cht ny thit lp phng trnh lin h, v gii cc bi ton ho hc theo phng php tng gim khi lng.2.1.1. Ton V c Mt s bi tp c li giiBi 1. Ha tan 14 gam hn hp 2 mui MCO3v R2CO3bng dung dch HCl d, thu c dung dch A v 0,672 lt kh (ktc). C cn dung dch A th thu c m gam mui khan. m c gi trl A. 16,33 g B. 14,33 g C. 9,265 g D. 12,65 g Hng dn giiVn dng phng php tng gim khi lng. Theo phng trnh ta c:C 1 mol mui CO32 2mol Cl + 1mol CO2 lng mui tng 71 60 = 11 g Theo s mol CO2 thot ra l 0,03 th khi lng mui tng 11.0,03 = 0,33 gVy mmui clorua = 14 + 0,33 = 14,33 g.p n B. Bi 2.Nhng 1 thanh nhm nng 45 gam vo 400 mL dung dch CuSO40,5M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh nhm ra cn nng 46,38 gam. Khi lng Cu thot ra l A. 0,64 g B. 1,28 g C. 1,92 g D. 2,56 gHng dn giiC 2 mol Al 3 mol Cu khi lng tng3.64 2.27 = 138 gTheo n mol Cu khi lng tng 46,38 45 = 1,38gnCu = 0,03 mol. mCu = 0,03.64 = 1,92 gp n C. Bi 3. Ha tan 5,94 gam hn hp 2 mui clorua ca 2 kim loi A, B (u c ho tr II) vo nc c dung dch X. lm kt ta ht ion Cl c trong dung dch X ngi ta cho dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 thu c 17,22 gam kt ta. Lc b kt ta, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y c m gam hn hp mui khan. Gi tr m l A. 6,36 g B. 63,6 g C. 9,12 g D. 91,2 gHng dn giip dng phng php tng gim khi lng: C 1 mol MCl2 1 mol M(NO3)2v 2 mol AgCl th m tng 2.62 2.35,5 = 53 gam 0,12 mol AgCl khi lng tng 3,18 gam mmui nitrat = mmui clorua + mtng = 5,94 + 3,18 = 9,12 (gam)p n C. Bi 4. Mt bnh cu dung tch 448 mL c np y oxi ri cn. Phng in ozon ho, sau np thm cho y oxi ri cn. Khi lng trong hai trng hp chnh lch nhau 0,03 gam. Bit cc th tch np u ktc. Thnh phn % v th tch ca ozon trong hn hp sau phn ng lA. 9,375 % B. 10,375 % C. 8,375 % D.11,375 % Hng dn giiTh tch bnh khng i, do khi lng chnh l do s ozon ha. C 1 mol oxi c thay bng 1mol ozon khi lng tng 16g Vy khi lng tng 0,03 gam th s mL ozon (ktc) l 0,032400016= 42 ( mL)%O3 = 42100%448= 9,375%p n A. 12Bi 5. Ho tan hon ton 4 gam hn hp MCO3 v MCO3 vo dung dch HCl thy thot ra V lt kh (ktc). Dung dch thu c em c cn thu c 5,1 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca V lA. 1,12 L B. 1,68 L C. 2,24 L D. 3,36 LHng dn gii 3 2 2 2MCO 2HCl MCl H O CO + + + 4 g5,1 g x molmtng = 5,1 4 = 1,1 gM+60 M+711 molmtng=11 g1,1x11 = 0,1 (mol) V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 Lp n C. Bi 6. Cho 1,26 gam mt kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to ra 3,42 gam mui sunfat. Kim loi lA. Mg B. Fe C. Ca D. Al Hng dn giip dng phng php tng gim khi lng. C 1 mol kim loi tc dng to thnh mui SO42 khi lng tng ln 96 gam. Theo khi lng tng 3,42 1,26 = 2,16 g. Vy s mol kim loi M l 0,0225 mol. Vy M = 1,26560,0225. M l Fe p n B. Bi 7. Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp hai kim loi X v Y bng dung dch HCl ta thu c 12,71gam mui khan. Th tch kh H2 thu c (ktc) l A. 0,224 L B. 2,24 L C. 4,48 L D. 0,448 LHng dn giip dng phng php tng gim khi lng.C 1 mol Cl sinh ra sau phn ng khi lng mui tng ln 35,5 g. Theo , tng 0,71 g, do s mol Cl phn ng l l 0,02 mol.2HCl1n n2 = 0,01 (mol). V = 0,224 Lp n A. Bi 8. Cho ho tan hon ton a gam Fe3O4 trong dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch D, cho D tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc kt ta ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i na, thy khi lng kt ta tng ln 3,4 gam. em nung kt ta n khi lng khng i c b gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a, b ln lt lA. 46,4 g v 48 g B. 48,4 g v 46 gC. 64,4 g v 76,2 g D. 76,2 g v 64,4 gHng dn giiFe3O4 +8HCl 2FeCl3 +FeCl2 +4H2O FeCl2 +2NaOH Fe(OH)2 +2NaOH FeCl3+3NaOH Fe(OH)3 +3NaOH 4Fe(OH)2+O2 +2H2O4Fe(OH)32Fe(OH)3

0tFe2O3 +3H2O Nhn xt: Ta thy Fe3O4 c th vit dng Fe2O3.FeO. Khi cho D tc dng vi NaOH kt ta thu c gm Fe(OH)2 v Fe(OH)3. ngoi khng kh Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)31 mol Fe(OH)2 1 mol Fe(OH)3thm 1 mol OH khi lng tng ln 17 g0,2 mol 0,2 mol.... 3,4 g 2 3 2FeO Fe O Fe(OH)n n n = 0,2 mol0,2 mol Fe3O4 0,3 mol Fe2O313a = 232.0,2 = 46,4 g, b = 160.0,3 = 48 gp n A.Bi 9. Cho 8 gam hn hp A gm Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi 200 mL dung dch CuSO4 n khi phn ng kt thc, thu c 12,4 gam cht rn B v dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc v nung kt ta ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 8 gam hn hp gm 2 oxit.a. Khi lng Mg v Fe trong A ln lt lA. 4,8 g v 3,2 g B. 3,6 g v 4,4 g C. 2,4 g v 5,6 g D. 1,2 g v 6,8 gb. Nng mol ca dung dch CuSO4 lA. 0,25 M B. 0,75 M C. 0,5 M D. 0,125 M c. Th tch NO thot ra khi ho tan B trong dung dch HNO3 d l A. 1,12 L B. 3,36 L C. 4,48 L D. 6,72 LHng dn gii a. Cc phn ng : Mg+CuSO4 MgSO4 +Cu Fe+CuSO4 FeSO4 +Cu Dung dch D gm MgSO4 v FeSO4. Cht rn B bao gm Cu v Fe c th d MgSO4 +2NaOH Mg(OH)2 +Na2SO4FeSO4 +2NaOH Fe(OH)2 +Na2SO4Mg(OH)2

0t MgO+H2O 4Fe(OH) +O2 0t2Fe2O3 + 4H2O Gi x, y l s mol Mg v Fe phn ng. S tng khi lng t hn hp A (gm Mg v Fe) hn hp B (gm Cu v Fe c th d) l64x + 64y) (24x + 56y) = 12,4 8 = 4,4Hay : 5x + y = 0,55(I) Khi lng cc oxit MgO v Fe2O3m = 40x + 80y = 8 Hay : x + 2y = 0,2(II) T (I) v (II) tnh c x = 0,1; y = 0,05 mMg = 24.0,1 = 2,4 g mFe = 8 2,4 = 5,6 gp n C. b. 4CuSOn= x + y = 0,15 molCM = 0,150,2= 0,75 Mp n B.c. Hn hp B gm Cu v Fe d. nCu = 0,15 mol; nFe = 0,1 0,05 = 0,05 mol. Khi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3. Theo phng php bo ton eletron Cht kh l Fe v Cu Fe Fe+3+3eCu Cu+2+2eCht oxi ho l HNO3N+5+ 3e N+2 (NO)3a...............a..aTa c 3a = 0,15 + 0,3; a = 0,15 (mol). VNO = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (lt) p n B. Bi 10.Cho 2,81 gam hn hp gm 3 oxit Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300 mL dung dch H2SO4 0,1M th khi lng hn hp cc mui sunfat khan to ra l A. 3,81 g B. 4,81 g C. 5,21 g D. 4,86 gHng dn giip dng phng php tng gim khi lng.14C 1 mol H2SO4phn ng, thay th O (trong oxit) bng SO42trong cc kim loi, khi lng tng 96 16 = 80 g. Theo s mol H2SO4 phn ng l 0,03 th khi lng tng 0,24 g. Vy khi lng mui khan thu c l: 2,81 + 2,4 = 5,21 g. p n C. Phn loi bi tp theo mt s dng c bnDng 1: Chuyn mui ny thnh mui khcNguyn tc: Vit s chuyn ho v cn bng s lng nguyn t ca nguyn t chung 2 v s sao cho bng nhau. T nh gi khi lng tng hay gim v da vo iu kin bi thit lp phng trnh lin h vi khi lng tng gim .1. Ly 3,44g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim em ho tan trong dung dch HCl d th nhn c 448 mL CO2 (ktc). Vy khi lng mui clorua to thnh lA. 4,26 g B. 3,66 g C.5,12 g D. 6,72 g2. Ly 1,84g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim th em ho tan trong dung dch HCl d th nhn c 448 mL CO2 (ktc) v m(g) hn hp mui clorua. Vy m c gi tr lA. 1,92 gB. 2,06 gC. 2,12 g D. 1,24 g3. Ly 4 g kim loi R ho tr II em ho tan trong dung dch HCl va th nhn c 2,24 lit H2 (ktc) v dung dch X. Cho dung dch Na2CO3 d vo dung dch X th nhn c m(g) kt ta. Vy m c gi tr lA. 8,12 B. 10,00 C. 11,12 D. 12,04. Ha tan 14g hn hp 2 mui MCO3 v R2CO3 bng dd HCl d thu c dd A v 0,672 lit kh (kc). C cn dd A thu c s gam mui khan lA. 16,33B. 14,33C. 9,265D. 12,655. Ha tan 5,94g hn hp 2 mui clorua ca 2 kim loi A, B u c ha tr II vo nc c dd X. lm kt ta ht ion Cl-c trong dd X ngi ta cho dd X tc dng vi dd AgNO3thu c 17,22g kt ta. Lc b kt ta thu c dd Y. C cn dd Y thu c s gam hn hp mui khan lA. 6,36B. 63,6 C. 9,12D. 91,26. Ha tan 104,25g hn hp cc mui NaCl, NaI vo nc. Cho kh clo i qua ri c cn. Nung cht rn thu c cho n khi ht mu tm bay ra. B rn cn li sau khi nung nng 58,5g. % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp thu c lA. 29,5% v 70,5%B. 65% v 35%C. 28,06 % v 71,94% D. 50% v 50%7. Ha tan hon ton 23,8g hn hp 1 mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr I v 1 mui cacbonat ha tr II bng dd HCl thy thot ra 4,48lit kh CO2 (kc). C cn dd sau phn ng thu c lng mui khan lA. 26gB. 28gC. 26,8gD. 28,6g8. Nung nng 100g hn hp NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 n khi lng khng i thu c 69g hn hp rn. % khi lng ca NaHCO3 trong hn hp lA. 80% B. 70% C. 80,66% D. 84%9. Khi ly 16,65g mui clorua ca 1 kim loi nhm IIA v 1 mui nitrat ca kim loi (cng s mol vi 16,65g mui clorua) th thy khc nhau 7,95g. Kim loi lA. Mg B. Ba C. Ca D. Be10. Cho dd AgNO3tc dng vi dd hn hp c ho tan 6,25g hai mui KCl v KBr thu c 10,39g hn hp kt ta. S mol ca hn hp ban u l15A. 0,08 B. 0,06C. 0,055 D. 0,03Dng 2: Kim loi tc dng vi dung dch mui (4 trng hp) Trng hp 1: 1 kim loi v 1 dung dch mui1.Ly 2 thanh kim loi M ho tr II. Thanh 1 nhng vo 250 mL dung dch FeSO4; thanh 2 nhng vo 250 mL dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, thanh 1 tng 16g, thanh 2 tng 20g. Bit nng mol/L ca 2 dung dch ban u bng nhau. Vy M lA. Mg B. Ni C. Zn D. Be2. Ly 2 thanh kim loi R ho tr II c khi lng p(g). Thanh 1 nhng vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2; thanh 2 nhng vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2. Sau th nghim thanh 1 gim 0,2%, thanh 2 tng 28,4%. Bit s mol mui nitrat ca R to ra trong 2 dung dch bng nhau. Vy R lA. Fe B. Ni C. Zn D. Mg3. Nhng 1 thanh Al nng 45g vo 400ml dd CuSO4 0,5M. Sau 1 thi gian ly thanh Al ra cn nng 46,38g. Khi lng Cu thot ra lA. 0,64gB. 1,28g C. 1,92gD. 2,56g4. Nhng 1 thanh kim loi ha tr II vo dd CuSO4 d. Sau phn ng khi lng thanh kim loi gim 0,24g. Cng thanh kim loi nu nhng vo dd AgNO3th khi phn ng xong thy khi lng thanh kim loi tng 0,52g. Kim loi lA. PbB. CdC. SnD. Al5. Ngm 1 vt bng Cu c khi lng 15g trong 340g dd AgNO3 6%. Sau 1 thi gian ly vt ra thy khi lng AgNO3 trong dd gim 25%. Khi lng ca vt sau phn ng lA. 3,24g B. 2,28gC. 17,28gD. 24,12g6.Cho 3,78g bt Al phn ng va vi dd mui XCl3to thnh dd Y. Khi lng cht tan trong dd Y gim i 4,06g so vi dd XCl3. Cng thc ca XCl3 lA. InCl3 B. GaCl3 C. FeCl3D. GeCl37. Nhng thanh Zn vo dd cha 8,32g CdSO4. Sau khi kh hon ton ion Cd2+ khi lng thanh Zn tng 2,35% so vi ban u. Khi lng thanh Zn ban u lA. 80gB. 72,5gC. 70g D. 83,4g8. Nhng thanh kim loi R ha tr II vo dd CuSO4. Sau 1 thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra thy khi lng gim 0,05%. Mt khc nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dd Cu(NO3)2 sau 1 thi gian thy khi lng tng 7,1g. Bit s mol R tham gia 2 trng hph nh nhau. R lA. Cd B. ZnC. FeD. SnTrng hp 2 : 2 kim loi v 1 dung dch muiTrt t phn ng xy ra l: kim loi no hot ng mnh hn xy ra trc, km hot ng hn xy ra sau.1.Ly 1,36g hn hp gm Mg v Fe cho vo 400 mL dung dch CuSO4CM, sau khi phn ng xong th nhn c 1,84g cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch Z, lc kt ta nung ngoi khng kh c 1,2g cht rn (gm 2 oxit kim loi). Vy CM ca dung dch CuSO4 lA. 0,02 M B. 0,05 M C. 0,08 M D. 0,12 M2.Ly 2,144g hn hp A gm Fe, Cu cho vo 0,2 lt dung dch AgNO3CM, sau khi phn ng xong nhn c 7,168g cht rn B v dung dch C. Cho NaOH vo dung dch C, lc kt ta nung ngoi khng kh th c 2,56g cht rn (gm 2 oxit). Vy CM lA. 0,16 M B. 0,18 M C. 0,32 M D. 0,36 M163. Cho m gam bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dd CuSO4. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, lc b dd thu c m gam cht rn. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp ban u lA. 90,27% B. 82,2%C. 85,3%D. 12,67%4. Cho 8 gam hn hp A gm Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi 200ml dd CuSO4 n khi phn ng kt thc thu uoc 12,4g cht rn B v dd D. Cho dd D tc dng vi dd NaOH d, lc v nung kt ta ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 8g hn hp 2 oxit.a. Khi lng ca Mg v Fe trong hn hp ln lt lA. 4,8 v 3,2g B. 3,6 v 4,4gC. 2,4 v 5,6gD. 1,2 v 6,8gb. Nng mol ca dd CuSO4 lA. 0,25MB. 0,75M C. 4,48MD. 0,125M5.Cho hn hp bt gm 0,48g Mg v 1,68g Fe vo dd CuCl2, khuy u n phn ng hon ton thu c 3,12g phn khng tan X. S mol CuCl2 tham gia phn ng lA. 0,03B. 0,05 C. 0,06D. 0,04 Trng hp 3: Cho mt kim loi vo dung dch cha hai mui: Trt t phn ng xy ra l ion kim loi no c tnh oxi ho mnh phn ng trc, ion kim loi no c tnh oxi ho yu phn ng sau.1. Ha tan 5,4 gam Al vo 150 ml dung dch Fe(NO3)3 1M v Cu(NO3)2 1M. Kt thc phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m lA. 10,95 B. 13,20 C. 13,80 D. 15,20 2. Ly m gam bt Fe cho vo 100 ml dung dch X cha AgNO3 1M v Cu(NO3)2 1M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch Y v 19 gam cht rn Z gm 3 kim loi. Gi tr m lA. 5,6 B. 8,4 C. 10,2 D. 14,03. Ly m gam bt Fe cho vo 0,5lit dung dch X cha AgNO30,2M v Cu(NO3)20,3M. Sau phn ng kt thc thu c 17,2 gam cht rn v dung dch Y (mu xanh nht). Gi tr ca m lA. 5,6 B. 8,4 C. 11,2 D. 14,0 Trng hp 4: Cho hai kim loi vo dung dch cha hai mui: Trng hp ny bi ton gii theo phng php bo ton electron (Trnh by phng php bo ton electron).1.Hn hp X gm 0,15 mol Mg v 0,1 mol Fe cho vo 500 mL dung dch Y gm AgNO3v Cu(NO3)2; sau khi phn ng xong nhn c 20 gam cht rn Z v dung dch E; cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch E lc kt ta nung ngoi khng kh nhn c 8,4 gam hnhp 2 oxit. Vy nng mol/l mui AgNO3, mui Cu(NO3)2 ln lt l:A. 0,12 M v 0,36 M B. 0,24 M v 0,5 M C. 0,12 M v 0,3 M D. 0,24 M v 0,6 M2. Ly 6,675 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Zn c s mol bng nhau cho vo 500 mL dung dch Y gm AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 sau khi phn ng xong nhn c 26,34 gam cht rn Z; cht rn Z em ho trong HCl d thu c 0,448 L H2 (ktc).Nng mui AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch Y ln lt l:A. 0,44 M v 0,04 M B.0,44 M v 0,08 M C. 0,12 M v 0,04 M D. 0,12 M v 0,08 M3.Ly 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe cho vo 500 mL dung dch Y gm AgNO30,2 M, Cu(NO3)20,4 M, sau khi phn ng xong ta nhn c cht rn B v dung dch C khng cn mu xanh ca ion Cu2+, cht rn B khng tan trong axit dd HCl. Vy phn trm theo khi lng Al, Fe trong hn hp X ln lc l:17A. 27,5% v 2,5%B. 27,25% v 72,75%C. 32,25% v 62,75% D. 32,50% v 67,50% Bi tp rn luyn k nng1. Tin hnh 2 th nghim:- TN1: Cho m gam bt Fe d vo V1 lit dd Cu(NO3)2 1M.- TN2: Cho m gam bt Fe d vo V2 lit dd AgNO3 0,1M.Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton khi lng cht rn thu c 2 TN u bng nhau. Gi tr ca V1 so vi V2 lA. V1= V2B. V1 = 10 V2C. V1 = 5V2D. V1 = 2V22. Nung 1 hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO3 v b mol FeS2 trong bnh kn cha khng kh d. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. a bnh v nhit ban u thu c cht rn duy nht l Fe2O3 v hn hp kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc vsau phn ng bngnhau. Mi lin h gia a v b (bit sau phn ng, lu hunh mc oxi ha +4, th tch cht rn khng ngk).A. a = 0,5b B. a = bC. a = 4b D. a = 2b3. Cho 2,81g hn hp gm 3 oxit Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO tan va trong 300 ml dd H2SO4 0,1M th khi lng hn hp cc mui sunfat to ralA. 3,81gB. 4,81gC. 5,21gD. 4,86g4.em nung mt khi lng Cu(NO3)2sau 1 thi gian thy khi lng hn hp gim 0,54g. Khi lng Cu(NO3)2 b nhit phn lA. 0,5g B. 0,49g C. 9,4gD. 0,94g5. Nhit phn hon ton 9,4g mt mui nitrat kim loi thu c 4g oxit rn. Cng thc mui dng lA. Fe(NO3)3 B. Al(NO3)3C. Cu(NO3)2D. AgNO36.Nung nng 66,2g Pb(NO3)2 thu c 55,4g cht rn. Hiu sutphn ng phn hy lA. 25%B.40%C. 27,5% D. 50%7. Ha tan hon ton a gam Fe3O4 trong dd HCl thu c dd D. Cho D tc dng vi dd NaOH d, lc kt ta ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i th thy khi lng kt ta tng ln 3,4g. em nung kt ta n khi lng khng i c b gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a, b ln lt lA. 46,4g v 48g B. 48,4g v 46gC. 64,4gv 76,2g D. 76,2g v 64,4g8.Ha tan 12g mui cacbonat kim loi bng dd HCl d thu c dd A v 1,008lit kh bay ra (kc). Khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn dd A lA. 12,495gB. 12gC. 11,459gD. 12,5g9. Cho a gam hn hp gm FeS2 v FeCO3 vi s mol bng nhau vo 1 bnh kn cha oxi d. p sut trong bnh l P1 atm. Nung nng bnh phn ng xy ra hon ton ri a bnh v nhit ban u, p sut kh trong bnh lc ny l P2 atm. Bit th tch cht rn trc v sau phn ng khng ng k. T l P1/P2 lA. 0,5 B. 1 C. 2D. 2,510. Ha tan hon ton 4g hn hp MCO3 v MCO3 vo dd HCl thy thot ra V lit kh (kc). Dd thu c em c cn thu c 5,1g mui khan. Gi tr ca V lA. 1,12 B. 1,68C. 2,24D. 3,361811. Cho 3,78g bt Al phn ng va vi dd mui XCl3 to thnh dd Y. Khi lng cht tan trong dd Y gim i 4,06g so vi dd XCl3. Cng thc ca XCl3 lA. InCl3 B. GaCl3 C. FeCl3D. GeCl312. Nhng thanh Zn vo dd cha 8,32g CdSO4. Sau khi kh hon ton ion Cd2+khi lng thanh Zn tng 2,35% so vi ban u. Khi lng thanh Zn ban u lA. 80gB. 72,5gC. 70g D. 83,4g13. Nhng thanh kim loi R ha tr II vo dd CuSO4. Sau 1 thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra thy khi lng gim 0,05%. Mt khc nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dd Pb(NO3)2 sau 1 thi gian thy khi lng tng 7,1%. Bit s mol R tham gia 2 trng hph nh nhau. R lA. Cd B. ZnC. Fe D. Sn1.2.2. Ton hu cCc phn ng xy ra gia cc cht hu c khi thay th nguyn t ny bng nguyn t khc hoc nhm nguyn t ny bng nhm nguyn t khc, hoc chuyn nhm chc ny thnh nhm chc khc dn n khi lng mol ca cht cng thay i theo.S thay i ny c th tng ln hoc gim xung, s dng tnh cht ny thit lp phng trnh lin h v gii cc bi ton hu c theo phng php tng gim khi lng.Nguyn tc:Vit v cn bng chnh xc phng trnh phn ng xy ra gia cc cht hoc vit s chuyn ha gia cc cht. T chn phn chung 2 v nh gi s tng hoc gim v da vo d kin bi thit lp phng trnh lin h vi i lng tng, gim . Bi tp1: Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp cht rn khan c khi lng l:A. 8,64 gam B. 6,84 gam C. 4,90 gam D. 6,80 gam2: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO3 thu c 7,28 gam mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gon ca X l:A. CH2 = CH COOH B. CH3COOHC. HC C COOH D. CH3 CH2 COOH 3:Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm 4,48 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l:A. etyl propionat B. Metyl propionat C. isopropyl axetat D. etyl axetat4: Cho 5,9 gam amin n chc X t dng va vi dung dch HCl, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Lm bay hi dung dch Y c 9,55 gam mui khan. S cng thc cu to ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l:A. 5 B. 4 C. 2D. 35: Trong phn t amino axit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0 gam X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c19,4 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X l:A. H2NC3H6COOH B. H2NCH2COOHC. H2NC2H4COOH D. H2NC4H8COOH6: Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l:A. 10,12 B. 6,48 C. 8,10 D. 16,20197: amino axit X cha mt nhm NH2. Cho 10,3 gam X tc dng vi axit HCl (d), thu c 13,95 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l:A. H2NCH2COOH B. H2NCH2CH2COOHC. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH D. CH3CH(NH2)COOH8: X l mt amino axit no ch cha 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm NH2. Cho 0,89 gam X phn ng va vi HCl to ra 1,255 gam mui. Vy cng thc ca X c th l:A. H2N CH2 COOH B. CH3 CH(NH2) COOHC. CH3 CH(NH2) CH2 COOHD. C3H7 CH(NH2) COOH9:Thy phn 0,01 mol este ca 1 ancol a chc vi mt axit n chc tiu tn ht 1,2 gam NaOH. Mt khc khi thy phn 6,35 gam este th tiu tn ht 3 gam NaOH v thu c 7,05 gam mui. CTPT v CTCT ca este l:A. (CH3COO)3C3H5B. (C2H3COO)3C3H5C. C3H5(COOCH3)3D. C3H5(COOC2H3)310:Mt hn hp gm metanal v etanal. Khi oxi ho m gam hn hp A thu c hn hp B gm 2 axit hu c tng ng c t khi hi so vi A bng x. Bit hiu sut phn ng = 100%.Khong gii hn ca x lA. 1,33 < x < 1,53 B. 1,53 < x < 1,73C. 1,36 < x < 1,45 D. 1,36 < x < 1,5311: Cht A la este ca glixerin vi axit cacboxylic n chc mch h A1. un nng 5,45 gam A vi NaOH cho ti phn ng hon ton thu c 6,15 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca A1 l:A. HCOOH B. CH3COOH C. C2H5COOHD. C3H7COOH12: A l mt amino axit no ch cha mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm COOH. Cho 17,8 gam A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d ta thu c 22,2 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca A l:A. H2N CH2 COOH B. NH2 CH2 CH2 COOHC. CH3 CH(NH2) COOH D. CH3 CH2 CH(NH2) - COOH13: Cho 20,15 gam hn hp 2 axit no n chc tc dng va vi dung dch Na2CO3 thi thu c V lt CO2 (ktc) v dung dch mui. C cn dung dch th thu c 28,96 gam mui. Gi tr ca V l:A. 4,84 lt B. 4,48 lt C. 2,24 lt D. 2,42 lt14: Khi thu phn hon ton 0,05 mol este ca mt axit a chc vi mt ru n chc tiu tn ht 5,6 gam KOH. Mt khc khi thu phn 5,475 gam este th tiu tn ht 4,2 gam KOH v thu c 6,225 gam mui. Vy cng thc cu to este l:A. (COOC2H5)2B. (COOCH3)2C. (COOCH2CH2CH3)2D. Kt qu khc.20Moun 3: PHNG PHP BO TON ELECTRON3.1 L thuyt nh lut bo ton electronTrong phn ng oxi ha kh, s mol electron m cht kh cho bng s mol electron m cht oxi ha nhn. ne cho = ne nhnS dng tnh cht ny thit lp cc phng trnh lin h, gii cc bi ton theo phng php bo ton electron. Nguyn tcVit 2 s : s cht kh nhng e v s cht oxi ho nhn e.Ch : (Nu l phn ng trong dung dch nn vit na phn ng theo phng php ion electron). mi s , s lng nguyn t ca mi nguyn t hai v phi bng nhau; v in tch hai v phi bng nhau.3.2. Cc dng bi tpDng 1: Kim loi tc dng vi axit: ( ne)kim loi cho = ( ne)axit nhn1: Ly 3,9 g hn hp Mg v Al em ho vo dung dch X cha axit HCl v H2SO4 long d, sau khi phn ng kt thc nhn c 4,48 lt kh H2 (ktc). Vy phn trm theo khi lng Mg l:A. 25,25%B. 30,77C. 33,55%D. 37,75%2: Ly 3,84 gam Cu em ho vo dung dch HNO3 long d th nhn c V lt kh NO (ktc). Vy V lt kh NO v s gam HNO3 nguyn cht phn ng l:A. 0,896 L v 14,08 g B. 1,792 L v 18,16 gC. 1,792 L v 20,16 g D. 0,896 L v 10,08 g3:Ly 2,24 gam kim loi M em ho vo H2SO4c nng, d th nhn c 1,344 lt SO2 (ktc). Tm kim loi M v s gam H2SO4 phn ng.A. Al v 12,868 gB. Fe v 11,76 gC. Cu v 12,8 gD. Zn v 11,76 g4: Ly 9,9 gam kim loi M c ho tr khng i em ho vo HNO3 long d nhn c 4,48 lt kh X gm hai kh NO v N2O, t khi ca kh i vi H2 bng 18,5. Vy kim loi M lA. MgB. Zn C. AlD. Ni5: Ly 5,56 gam hn hp X gm Fe v mt kim loi M c ho tr khng i chia lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1: ho trong dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng xong th thu c 1,568 lt H2 (ktc). Phn 2: cho vo HNO3 long d, sau khi phn ng xong nhn c 1,344 lt NO (ktc). Tm kim loi M v phn trm theo khi lng M trong hn hp X.A. Zn v 42,25% B. Mg v 25,75%C. Al v 19,43%D. Al v 30,75%6. Ha tan hon ton 11,2g Fe vo dd HNO3 c dd X v 6,72 lit hn hp kh Y gm NO v 1 kh Z (t l th tch 1 :1). Bit ch xy ra 2 qu trnh kh. Kh Z lA. NO2B. N2O C. N2D. NH37. Ha tan hon ton 12g hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3 thu c V lit hn hp kh X (kc) gm NO v NO2 v dd Y (ch cha 2 mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l A. 4,48 B. 5,6C. 2,24 D. 3,368. Hn hp X gm Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng l 7:3. Ly m gam X phn ng hon ton vi dd cha 0,7 mol HNO3. Sau phn ng cn li 0,75m gam cht rn v c 0,25 mol kh Y gm NO v NO2. Gi tr ca m lA. 40,5 B. 50,4 C. 50,2 D. 50219. Hn hp gm 0,15 mol Cu v 0,15mol Fe phn ng va vi dd HNO3 thu c 0,2 mol kh NO (kc, sn phm kh duy nht). Tng khi lng cc mui trong dd sau phn ng lA. 64,5g B. 40,8g C. 51,6 D. 55,210. Ha tan 5,6g hn hp Cu v Fe vo dd HNO3 1M, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c 3,92g cht rn khng tan v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit trong hn hp ban u Cu chim 60% khi lng. Th tch dd HNO3 dng lA. 0,07 lit B. 0,08 lit C. 0,12 lit D. 0,16 lit11. Ha tan 14,8 g hn hp Fe v Cu vo lng d dd hn hp HNO3 v H2SO4 c nng. Sau phn ng thu c 10,08 lit NO2 v 2,24 lit SO2 (u kc). Khi lng Fe trong hn hp ban u lA. 5,6g B. 8,4gC. 18gD. 18,2g12.Cho hn hp cha 0,05 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Al tc dng vi 100ml dd Y gm AgNO3v Cu(NO3)2 cng nng mol. Sau phn ng c cht rn Z gm 3 kim loi. Cho Z tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 0,035mol kh. Nng mol mi mui trong Y lA. 0,3M B. 0,4M C. 0,42MD. 0,45MDng 2: Fe t trong oxi khng kh ta c hn hp cc oxit st v c th st d, hn hp nyem ho vo HNO3d hoc H2SO4m c, nng d, hoc l hn hp c hai axit ny d cho 1hoc 2 sn phm kh.mFe + mO2 = mhh rnTng s in t Fe cho bng tng s in t O2nhn v axit nhn1. Ly m gam st em t trong oxi khng kh ta c hn hp rn X (gm 4 cht rn) cn nng 12 gam, hn hp rn X em ho trong HNO3 d nhn c 2,24 lt kh NO (ktc). Vy m c gi tr l:A. 8,96 g B. 9,82 gC. 10,08 g D. 11,20 g2. Ly p gam Fe em t trong oxi ta c 7,52 gam hn hp X gm 3 oxit. Hn hp X em ho tan trong H2SO4 m c d c 0,672 lt SO2 (ktc). Vy p c gi tr l:A. 4,8 g B. 5,6 g C. 7,2 g D. 8,6 g3.Ly 11,36 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 em ho trong HNO3 long d nhn c 1,344 lt NO v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:A. 49,09 g B. 34,36 g C. 35,50 g D. 38,72 g4. Ly m gam hn hp (FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4) em ho vo HNO3 m c d th nhn c 4,48 lt NO2 (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X c 145,2 gam mui khan. Vy m c gi tr l:A. 77,7 g B. 35,7 g C. 46,4 g D.15,8 g5. m gam phoi Fe ngoi khng kh sau 1 thi gian thu c 12g cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ha tan ht X trong dd H2SO4 c nng thu c 2,24 lit kh SO2 (kc). Gi tr ca m lA. 9,52 B. 9,62C. 9,42 D. 9,726. Cho 11,2g Fe tc dng vi oxi c m gam hn hp X gm cc oxit. Ha tan ht X vo dd HNO3 d thu c 896 ml NO (kc, sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m lA. 29,6B. 47,8C. 15,04D. 25,847. m gam bt Fe ngoi khng kh mt thi gian thu c 11,8g hn hp gm Fe v cc oxit st. Ha tan hon ton hn hp bng dd HNO3 long thu c 2,24 lit kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca m lA. 9,94 B. 10,04 C. 15,12D. 20,168. Cho 11,36g hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 phn ng ht vi dd HNO3 d thu c 1,344 lit kh NO (kc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dd X. C cn dd X thu c s gam mui khan lA. 38,72 B. 35,5C. 49,09D. 34,3622Dng 3: Kh oxit Fe2O3 thnh hn hp rn X c th gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 d, hn hp rn X em ho vo HNO3 d, hoc H2SO4 c nng d hoc hn hp c hai axit ny. Cc biu thc s dng gii dng bi tp ny l:m(Fe2O3) + m(CO) = m(X) + m(CO2)s mol CO2 = s mol COs mol Fe(Fe2O3) = s mol Fe(X) = s mol Fe (mui)tng in t (CO) nhng = tng in t (axit) nhn1. Cho kh CO i qua m gam oxit Fe2O3 t nng, ta c 13,92 gam hn hp Y (gm 4 cht rn). Hn hp X ho trong HNO3 c d c 5,824 lt NO2 (ktc), Vy m c gi tr lA. 15,2 g B. 16,0 g C. 16,8 g D. 17,4 g2. Cho kh CO i qua ng cha 10 gam Fe2O3t nng, thu c m gam hn hp X (gm 3 oxit). Hn hp X em ho trong HNO3 c nng d nhn c 8,96 lt NO2. Vy m c gi tr l:A. 8,4 g B. 7,2 g C. 6,8 g D. 5,6 g3. Cho kh CO i qua ng cha m gam oxit Fe2O3 t nng thu c 6,69 gam hn hp X (gm 4 cht rn), hn hp X ho vo HNO3 d c 2,24 lt kh Y gm NO v NO2, t khi ca Y i vi H2 bng 21,8. Vy m gam oxit Fe2O3 lA. 10,2 g B. 9,6 g C. 8,0 g D. 7,73 g4. Ly 8 gam oxit Fe2O3 t nng cho CO i qua, ta nhn c m gam hn hp X gm 3 oxit, hn hp X em ho vo H2SO4 c nng d, nhn c 0,672 lt SO2 (ktc). Vy m gam X c gi tr l:A. 8,9 gB. 7,24 g C. 7,52 g D. 8,16 g5. Cho kh CO i qua Fe2O3 t nng, ta c m gam hn hp rn X gm 4 cht. Hn hp rn X em ho vo HNO3 m c nng d, nhn c 2,912 lt NO2 (ktc) v 24,2 gam Fe(NO3)3 khan. Vy m c gi tr lA. 8,36 gamB. 5,68 gam C. 7,24 gamD. 6,96 gam6. Cho 11,36g hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 phn ng ht vi dd HNO3 d thu c 1,344 lit kh NO (kc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dd X. C cn dd X thu c s gam mui khan lA. 38,72 B. 35,5 C. 49,09D. 34,367. Cho 1 lung kh CO qua m gam bt Fe2O3 nung nng thu c 14g hn hp X gm 4 cht rn. Cho hn hp X tan hon ton trong dd HNO3 thu c 2,24 lit kh NO (ktc). Gi tr ca m lA. 16,4 B. 14,6C. 8,2 D. 20,5 8. Kh Fe2O3 bng CO nhit cao thu c hn hp X gm 4 cht rn. Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. P1 tc dng vi dd HNO3 d thu c 0,02 mol NO v 0,03 mol N2O. P2 tan hon ton trong dd H2SO4 c nng thu c V lit kh SO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V lA. 2,24B. 3,36C. 4,48D. 6,72Dng 4: Hai kim loi vo hai mui Mt s ch :S dng cho cc bi ton c phn ng oxi ha kh, c bit l cc bi ton c nhiu cht oxiha, nhiu cht kh. Trong mt phn ng hoc mt h phn ng, cn quan tm n trng thi oxi ha ban u v cui ca mt nguyn t m khng cn quan tm n cc qu trnh bin i trung gian. Cn kt hp vi cc phng php khc nh bo ton khi lng, bo ton nguyn t giibi ton. Nu c nhiu cht oxi ha v nhiu cht kh cng tham gia trong bi ton, ta cn tm tng s mol electron nhn v tng s mol electron nhng thit lp phng trnh. 1.Cho hn hp cha 0,05 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Al tc dng vi 100ml dd Y gm AgNO3v Cu(NO3)2 cng nng mol. Sau phn ng c cht rn Z gm 3 kim loi. Cho Z tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 0,035mol kh. Nng mol mi mui trong Y l23A. 0,3M B. 0,4M C. 0,42MD. 0,45M2.Ly 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe cho vo 500 mL dung dch Y gm AgNO30,2 M, Cu(NO3)20,4 M, sau khi phn ng xong ta nhn c cht rn B v dung dch C khng cn mu xanh ca ion Cu2+, cht rn B khng tan trong axit dd HCl. Vy phn trm theo khi lng Al, Fe trong hn hp X ln lc l:A. 27,5% v &2,5% B. 27,25% v 72,75%C. 32,25% v 62,75% D. 32,50% v 67,50%Bi tp rn luyn k nng 1. Cho kh CO nng qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 mt thi gian c 6,72 g hn hp X gm st v cc oxit st. Ha tan hon ton X vo dd HNO3d to thnh 0,448 lit kh NO (kc) (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m lA. 5,56B. 6,64 C. 7,2 D. 8,82. Trn 0,5g bt Al vi hn hp bt Fe2O3 v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin khng c khng kh mt thi gian c hn hp rn X. Ha tan X trong dd HNO3 c nng d th th tch kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht) thu c kc lA. 0,672litB. 0,896lit C. 1,12litD. 1,3443. Ha tan hon ton 11,2g Fe vo dd HNO3 c dd X v 6,72 lit hn hp kh Y gm NO v 1 kh Z (t l th tch 1 :1). Bit chr xy ra 2 qu trnh kh. Kh Z lA. NO2B. N2O C. N2 D. NH34. Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi khng kh thu c 3g hn hp rn X gm st v cc oxit st. Ha tan ht X trong dd HNO3 d thy thot ra 0,56 lit NO (kc, sn phm kh duynht). Gi tr ca m lA. 2,22B. 2,32C. 2,52 D. 2,625. m gam phoi Fe ngoi khng kh sau 1 thi gian thu c 12g cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ha tan ht X trong dd H2SO4 c nng thu c 2,24 lit kh SO2 (kc). Gi tr ca m lA. 9,52 B. 9,62C. 9,42 D. 9,726. Cho 11,2g Fe tc dng vi oxi c m gam hn hp X gm cc oxit. Ha tan ht X vo dd HNO3 d thu c 896 ml NO (kc, sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m lA. 29,6B. 47,8C. 15,04D. 25,847.Ha tan m gam Al vo lng d dd hn hp NaOH v NaNO3 thy xut hin 6,72 lit hn hp kh NH3 v H2 vi s mol bng nhau. Gi tr ca m lA. 6,75 B. 7,59C. 8,1D. 13,58. Ha tan hon ton 12g hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3 thu c V lit hn hp kh X (kc) gm NO v NO2 v dd Y (ch cha 2 mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l A. 4,48 B. 5,6C. 2,24 D. 3,369. Hn hp X gm Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng l 7:3. Ly m gam X phn ng hon ton vi dd cha 0,7 mol HNO3. Sau phn ng cn li 0,75m gam cht rn v c 0,25 mol kh Y gm NO v NO2. Gi tr ca m lA. 40,5 B. 50,4 C. 50,2 D. 5010. Hn hp gm 0,15 mol Cu v 0,15mol Fe phn ng va vi dd HNO3 thu c 0,2 mol kh NO (kc, sn phm kh duy nht). Tng khi lng cc mui trong dd sau phn ng l24A. 64,5g B. 40,8g C. 51,6 D. 55,211. Ha tan 5,6g hn hp Cu v Fe vo dd HNO3 1M, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c 3,92g cht rn khng tan v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit trong hn hp ban u Cu chim 60% khi lng. Th tch dd HNO3 dng lA. 0,07 lit B. 0,08 lit C. 0,12 lit D. 0,16 lit12. Ha tan 14,8 g hn hp Fe v Cu vo lng d dd hn hp HNO3 v H2SO4 c nng. Sau phn ng thu c 10,08 lit NO2 v 2,24 lit SO2 (u kc). Khi lng Fe trong hn hp ban u lA. 5,6g B. 8,4gC. 18gD. 18,2g13.Cho hn hp cha 0,05 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Al tc dng vi 100ml dd Y gm AgNO3v Cu(NO3)2 cng nng mol. Sau phn ng c cht rn Z gm 3 kim loi. Cho Z tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c 0,035mol kh. Nng mol mi mui trong Y lA. 0,3M B. 0,4M C. 0,42MD. 0,45M14. Chia 10g hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn thnh 2 phn bng nhau :P1 : t chy hon ton trong O2 d thu c 21g hn hp oxit.P2 : ha tan trong HNO3 c nng d thu c V lit NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, kc). Gi tr ca V lA. 44,8 B. 22,4 C. 89,6 D. 30,815. Chia hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn thnh 2 phn bng nhau :P1 tc dng ht vi HCl d thu c 0,15mol H2.P2 cho tan ht trong dd HNO3 d thu c V lit NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca V lA. 2,24B. 3,36C. 4,48 D. 5,625Moun 4: PHNG PHP BO TON IN TCH4.1 L thuytTrong phn t cc cht trung ho v in, tng in tch (+) = tng in tch (-)Trong dung dch cc cht in ly trung ho v in, tng in tch (+) cc cation = tng in tch (-) cc anion.Nguyn tc giiXem xt trong phn t ca cht gm nhng ion no v s lng ca mi loi ion. Nu l dung dch cht in ly cng phi xem xt trong dung dch c cha nhng cht in ly no v s cation v s anion c trong dung dch. t thit lp phng trnh tng in tch dng bng tng in tch m. Khi c s thay th cc ion th mi quan h gia chng l:Vi anion: O2- 2Cl-; O2- 2NO3-; O2- SO42-; 2Cl- SO42-Vi cation: 2Na+ Mg2+; 3Na+ Al3+; 3Mg2+ 2Al3+ Trong cc phn ng kt hp ion th s kt hp gia 2 ion to thnh phn t trung ha in v vy mi tng quan gia chng l H+ OH-; Fe3+ 3OH-; Ba2+ SO42-; Mg2+ CO32-...4.1. Bi tp c li giiBi 1. Chia hn hp 2 kim loi A, B c ha tr khng i thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tan ht trong dung dch HCl, to ra 1,792 lt H2(ktc). Phn 2 nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 2,84 gam cht rn. Khi lng hn hp 2 kim loi trong hn hp u l A. 2,4 gam B. 3,12 gam C. 2,2 gam D. 1,8 gamHng dn giiNhn xt: S mol in tch ca hai kim loi A v B trong hai phn l khng thay i, do s mol in tch m trong hai phn l nh nhau.V O2 2Cl nn nO (trong oxit) = 12nCl (trong mui) = 2Hn= 1,79622,4= 0,08 molmkim loi = moxit moxi = 2,84 0,08.16 = 1,56 gam Khi lng trong hn hp ban u m = 2.1,56 = 3,12 gam p n B.Bi 2. Dung dch A c cha 5 ion : Mg2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, 0,1 mol Cl v 0,2 mol NO3. Thm dn V lt dung dch K2CO3 1M vo A n khi c lng kt ta ln nht. V c gi tr l A. 150 mL B. 300 mL C. 200 mL D. 250 mL Hng dn giiPhng trnh ion rt gnMg2+ +CO32 MgCO3 Ba2+ +CO32 BaCO3Ca2+ +CO32 CaCO3Khi phn ng kt thc, cc kt ta tch khi dung dch, phn dung dch cha K+, Cl v NO3. trung ha in th nK+ = nCl- + nNO3- = 0,3 molVddK2CO3 = 0,3/2 = 0,15 (lt) = 150 ( mL)p n A.Bi 3. Dung dch A cha cc ion CO32, SO32, SO42v 0,1 mol HCO3, 0,3 mol Na+. Thm V (lt) dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M vo dung dch A th thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Gi tr ca V lA. 0,15 L B. 0,2 L C. 0,25 L D. 0,5 LHng dn giiNng cc ion [Ba2+] = 1M, [OH] = 2M. thu c lng kt ta ln nht, cn 0,1 mol OH tc dng ht vi HCO3 Tnh theo OH-26HCO3+OHCO32 +H2O Mt khc cn 0,3 mol OH trung ho Na+. Vy tng s mol OH cn l 0,1 + 0,3 = 0,4 molTh tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 l V = 0,4/2 = 0,2 L Tnh theo Ba2+: Gi CO32-; SO32-; SO42- l X2- nx2- = (0,3 0,1)/2 = 0,1 nCO32-(mi) = 0,1 Do :nX2- + nCO32-(mi) = 0,2 Suy ra: nBa2+ = 0,2Th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 l V = 0,2/1 = 0,2 L p n B. Bi 4. Cho tan hon ton 15,6 gam hn hp gm Al v Al2O3 trong 500 mL dung dch NaOH 1M thu c 6,72 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch D. Th tch HCl 2M cn cho vo D thu c lng kt ta ln nht lA. 0,175 L B. 0,25 L C. 0,25 L D. 0,52 LHng dn giiTrongdungdchDcchaAlO2vOH(nud). DungdchDtrunghovinnn: 2AlO OH Nan n n 0,5(mol) ++ Khi cho HCl vo D: H+ +OH H2O H+ +AlO2+H2O Al(OH)3 thu c lng kt ta ln nht th 2H AlO OHn n n+ += 0,5 (mol)Th tch dung dch HCl l 0,5V2 = 0,25 (lt)p n B. Bi 5. Cho tan hon ton 10 gam hn hp Mg v Fe trong dung dch HCl 4M thu c 5,6 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch D. kt ta hon ton cc ion trong D cn 300 mL dung dch NaOH 2M. Th tch dung dch HCl dng lA. 0,1 L B. 0,12 L C. 0,15 L D. 0,2 LHng dn gii Khi cho 0,6 mol NaOH vo dung dch D cha Mg2+, Fe2+ v H+ (nu d) tch ra khi dung dch D. Dung dch to thnh cha Cl phi trung ho in vi 0,6 mol Na+Cl Nan n 0,6(mol) + HCl0,6V4 = 0,15 (lt)p n C.Bi 6. Cho 20 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 tan va ht trong 700 mL dung dch HCl 1M thu c 3,36 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi NaOH d, lc kt ta v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn Y. Khi lng Y l A. 16 g B. 32 g C. 8 g D. 24 gHng dn giiCc phn ng Fe+2HCl FeCl2+H2FeO+2HCl FeCl2+H2OFe3O4 +8HCl 2FeCl3+FeCl2+4H2OFe2O3+6HCl 2FeCl2 +3H2OFeCl2+2NaOH Fe(OH)2+2NaClFeCl3+3NaOH Fe(OH)3+3NaCl4Fe(OH)2+O2

0t 2Fe2O3 +4H2O272Fe(OH)3+O2 0t2Fe2O3 +3H2OVi cch gii thng thng, ta t n s l s mol cc cht ri tnh ton theo phng trnh phn ng. gii nhanh bi ton ny, ta p dng phng php bo ton in tch. S mol HCl ho tan Fe l nHCl = 22H3,36n 222,4 = 0,3 (mol)S mol HCl ho tan cc oxit = 0,7 0,3 = 0,4 (mol) Theo nh lut bo ton in tch ta c 2O (trongoxit) Cl1 0,4n n2 2 = 0,2 (mol)nFe (trong X) = oxit oxim m 20 0,2.1656 56 = 0,3 (mol)0,3 mol Fe 0,15 mol Fe2O3;2 3Fe Om= 0,15.160 = 24 (gam)p n D.Bi 7. Trn 100 mL dung dch AlCl3 1M vi 200 mL dung dch NaOH 1,8M thu c kt ta A v dung dch D.a. Khi lng kt ta A l A. 3,12 g B. 6,24 g C. 1,06 g D. 2,08 gb. Nng mol ca cc cht trong dung dch D l A. NaCl 0,2 M v NaAlO2 0,6 MB. NaCl 1 M v NaAlO2 0,2 M C. NaCl 1 M v NaAlO2 0,6 MD. NaCl 0,2 M v NaAlO2 0,4 M Hng dn giiTa c th s dng nh lut bo ton in tch:3Aln+ = 0,1 mol, Cln = 3.0,1 = 0,3 molNan+ = OHn = 0,2.1,8 = 0,36 molSau khi phn ng kt thc, kt ta tch ra, phn dung dch cha 0,3 mol Cl trung ho in vi 0,3 mol Na+ cn 0,06 mol Na+ na phi trung ho in vi mt anion khc, ch c th l 0,06 mol AlO2(hay [Al(OH)4]). Cn 0,1 0,06 = 0,04 mol Al3+tch ra thnh 0,04 mol Al(OH)3. Kt qu trong dung dch cha 0,3 mol NaCl v 0,06 mol NaAlO2 (hay Na[Al(OH)4]) a.3Al(OH)m= 0,04.78 = 3,12 gamp n A. b.CM(NaCl) = 0,30,3= 1 M, 2M(NaAlO )0,06C 0,2M0,3 p n B. A. Bi tp rn luyn k nng1. Trong 1 dd c cha a mol Ca2+, b mol Mg2+, c mol Cl-, d mol NO3- . Biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d lA. 2a + 2b = c + dB. a + b = 2c + 2dC. a + 2b = b + d D. 2a + b = c + 2d2. Thm m gam kali vo 300 ml dd cha Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c dd X. Cho t t dd X vo 200ml dd Al2(SO4)3 0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c kt ta Y ln nht th m c gi tr lA. 1,59B. 1,17 C. 1,71 D. 1,95283. Dung dch A cha cc ion: Al3+ 0,6mol, Fe2+ 0,3mol, Cl- a mol, SO42- b mol. C cn dd A thu c 140,7g mui. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt lA. 0,6 v 0,9 B. 0,9 v 0,6 C. 0,3 v 0,5D. 0,2 v 0,34. Ha tan hon ton 2,81g hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml dd H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng c cn dd th thu c s gam mui khan lA. 6,81 B. 4,81 C. 3,81D. 5,815. Dung dch X cha cc ion Ca2+, Al3+, Cl-. kt ta ht ion Cl- trong 100ml dd X cn dng 700ml dd cha ion Ag+c nng 1M. C cn dd X thu c 35,55g mui. Nng mol cc cation trong dd ln lt lA. 0,4 v 0,3B. 0,2 v 0,3 C. 1 v 0,5D. 2 v 16. Mt dd cha 0,02 mol Cu2+, 0,03 mol K+, x mol Cl-v y mol SO42-. Tng khi lng cc mui tan c trong dd l 5,435g. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt lA. 0,03 v 0,02B. 0,05 v 0,01C. 0,01 v 0,03 D. 0,02 v 0,057. Chia hn hp 2 kim loi A, B c ha tr khng i thnh 2 phn bngnhau:- P1 tan ht trong dd HCl to ra 1,792 lit H2 (kc)- P2 nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 2,84g cht rn. Khi lng hn hp 2 kim loi ban u lA. 2,4g B. 3,12g C. 2,2g D. 1,8g8. Dung dch A cha cc ion Mg2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, 0,1 mol Cl- v 0,2 mol NO3-. Thm dn V ml dd Na2CO3 1M vo A n khi c lng kt ta ln nht. Gi trca V lA. 150B. 300C. 200 D. 2509. Dung dch A cha cc ion CO32-, SO32-, SO42-, 0,1 mol HCO3- v 0,3 mol Na+. Thm V lit dd Ba(OH)2 1M vo dd A n khi thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Gi tr ca VlA. 0,15 B. 0,2C. 0,25D. 0,510. Ha tan hon ton 15,6 g hn hpgm Al v Al2O3 trong 500 ml dd NaOH 1M thu c 6,72 lit H2 (kc) v dd D. Th tch dd HCl 2M cn cho vo D c kt ta ln nht lA. 0,175 litB. 0,25 lit C. 0,255 lit D. 0,52 lit11. Ha tan hon ton 10g hn hp Mg v Fe trong dd HCl 4M thu c 5,6lit H2 (kc) v dd D. kt ta hon ton cc ion trong D cn 300 ml dd NaOH 2M. Th tch dd HCl (lit) dng lA. 0,1B. 0,12C. 0,15 D. 0,212. Cho a gam hn hp 2 kim loi Na, K vo nc c dd X v 0,224 lit H2 (kc). Trung ha ht dd X cn V lit dd H2SO4 0,1M. Gi tr ca V lA. 0,15 B. 0,1C. 0,12 D. 0,2A. 16g B. 32gC. 8g D. 24g13. Mt dd cha 2 cation l Fe2+ 0,1 mol, Al3+ 0,2 mol v 2 anion Cl- x mol, SO42- y mol. Khi c cn dd thu c 46,9g cht rn khan. Gi tr ca x v y lA. 0,02 V 0,03B. 0,03 v 0,03 C. 0,2 v 0,3 D. 0,3 v 0,2 14. Cho x gam hn hp kim loi gm Na, K, Ba vo nc d c 500ml dd c pH = 13 v V lit kh (kc). Gi tr ca V lA. 0,56 B. 1,12 C. 2,24D. 5,62915. Mt dd cha cc ion: x mol M3+, 0,2 mol Mg2+, 0,3 mol Cu2+, 0,6 mol SO42-, 0,4mol NO3-. C cn dd ny thu c 116,8g hn hp cc mui khan. M lA. Cr B. FeC. AlD. Zn16. Cho mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc d thu c dd X v 3,36 lit H2 (kc). Th tch dd H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ha dd X lA. 150mlB. 75ml C. 60mlD. 30ml 17. Trn 100ml dd AlCl3 1M vi 200ml dd NaOH 1,8M thu c kt ta A v dd D.a. Khi lng kt ta A lA. 3,12gB. 6,24gC. 1,06g D. 2,08gb. Nng mol cc cht trong dd D lA. NaCl 0,2M v NaAlO2 0,6MB. NaCl 1M v NaAlO2 0,2MC. NaCl 1M v NaAlO2 0,6M D. NaCl 0,2M v NaAlO2 0,4M18. Ly m gam hn hp 2 kim loi M v R c ho tr khng i, chia 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 ho tan va trong 100 mL H2SO4 1 M. Phn 2 cho tc dng vi Cl2 d th c 9,5 gam mui clorua. Vy m c gi tr lA. 4,8 g B. 11,2 g C. 5,4 g D. 2,4 g19.Dung dch X gm 0,02 mol Cu2+, 0,03 mol K+, x mol Cl-, y mol SO42-em c cn nhn c 5,435 gam mui khan. Vy x v y c gi tr l:A. 0,01 v 0,03B. 0,02 v 0,05C. 0,05 v 0,01D. 0,03 v 0,0220.Dung dch X gm a mol Na+, b mol HCO3-, c mol CO32-, d mol SO42-. Cn dng 100 mL dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng l x M cho vo dung dch X th c lng kt ta ln nht. Biu thc lin h gia x vi a, b l:A. x = (3a + 2b)/0,2 B. x = (2a + b)/0,2 C. x = (a b)/0,2D. x = (a+b)/0,221. Dung dch X gm NaOH 0,2 M v Ba(OH)2 0,05 M. Dung dch Y gm Al2(SO4)3 0,4 M v H2SO4 x M. Trn 0,1 L dung dch Y vi 1 L dung dch X c 16,33 gam kt ta. Vy x c gi tr lA. 0,2 MB. 0,2 M; 0,6M C. 0,2 M; 0,4M D. 0,2 M; 0,5MM un 5 : PHNG PHP QUY II. Khi nimQuy i l mt phng php bin i ton hc nhm a bi ton ha hc t cc d kin ban u l mt hn hp phc tp v dng n gin hn, qua cc php tnh tr nn n gin v thun tin hn.Nguyn tc ca phng php quy i l da trn nguyn tc bo ton nguyn t v bo ton in tch (bo ton s oxi ha).II. Phn loi: C nhiu dng quy i khc nhau:1) Quy i phn t- Quy i hn hp gm nhiu cht thnh hn hp t cht hn hoc ch c mt cht tng ng- Quy i mt cht thnh nhiu cht.2) Quy i thnh nguyn tL phng php quy i hn hp nhiu cht phc tp thnh cc nguyn t hoc n cht tng ng.3) Quy i tc nhn oxi ha (hoc kh)Thay tc nhn oxi ha (hoc kh) ny bng tc nhn oxi ha (hoc kh) khc (quy v s mol electron trao i nh nhau).30Trong bi vit ny ti xin ch trnh by hai cch quy i l quy i nguyn t v quy ihn hp nhiu cht thnh hn hp t cht hn (thng l 2 hoc 1 cht tng ng).III. p dng:1. Quy i hn hp nhiu cht thnh t cht hn:Loi ny thng p dng cho cc bi ton hn hp Fe v cc oxit.y l cch quy i hin nay c p dng rng ri v c a ra cc s bo trc. Vy c s ca vic quy i ny l g? C phi khi no cng c th a bi ton hn hp nythnh 2 cht tng ng khng?a) C s ca vic quy i:Ta bit 1 mol Fe3O4 c th a v 1 mol FeO v 1 mol Fe2O3. Nh vy hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3c th xem l hn hp X ch gm Fe (x mol); FeO (y mol); Fe2O3(z mol). Khi trong nhiu bi ton ta c th a v 2 cht bt k trong 3 cht (d nhin cng c th a v Fe3O4 v mt cht cn li )* a hn hp X v Fe v Fe2O3 ta lm nh sau:C 3FeOFe.Fe2O3 1Fe v 1 Fe2O3. (bo ton Fe v O)Nh vy y mol FeO tng ng vi 2 3y ymol Fe vmol FeO3 3Vy hn hp X c th xem l gm+2 3y y(x )mol Fe v (z+ ) mol FeO3 3. Nh vy trng hp quy i ny khng xut hin s m.* a hn hp X v Fe v FeO ta lm nh sau:Ghp z mol Fe vi z mol Fe2O3 ta c z mol (Fe.Fe2O3) 3z mol FeO. Khi s mol Fe cn l (x z) mol. Khi hn hp X tr thnh hn hp gm: (x z) mol Fe; (y + 3z) mol FeO. Trong trng hp ny nu x < z th bi ton gii s xut hin s mol Fe m. Vic tnh ton s khng nh hng g v khi lng st v oxi tnh ton c trong hn hp s b tr cho nhau.* a v hn hp X v FeO v Fe2O3 ta lm nh sau:Ghp x mol Fe vi x mol Fe2O3 ta c x mol (Fe.Fe2O3) 3x mol FeO. Khi s mol Fe2O3 cn l (z x) mol. Khi hn hp X tr thnh hn hp gm: (y + 3x) mol FeO; (z - x) mol Fe2O3. Trong trng hp ny nu x > z th bi ton gii s xut hin s mol Fe2O3 m. Vic tnh ton s khng nh hng g v khi lng st v oxi tnh ton c trong hn hp s b tr cho nhau.b) Mt s v d:V d 1: Nung 8,4 gam Fe trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c m gam hn hp cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ha tan m gam hn hp X vo dung dch HNO3 c nng d thu c 2,24 lt kh NO2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m lA. 11,2. B. 10,2. C. 7,2. D. 9,6. Hng dn gii Quy hn hp X v hai cht Fe v Fe2O3:Ha tan hn hp X vo dung dch HNO3 d ta cFe + 6HNO3 Fe(NO3)3+ 3NO2+ 3H2O

0,13 0,1 molS mol ca nguyn t Fe to oxit Fe2O3 lFe8, 4 0,1 0,35n56 3 3 2 3Fe O0,35n3 2Vy: 2 3X Fe Fe Om m m +X0,1 0,35m 56 1603 3 + = 11,2 gam p n A.Ch : c th kt hp vi bo ton nguyn t gii bi ton ny:2 3Fe O Fe u Fe1 0,35n (n n )2 3x2 2 3 2 3O trong Fe O Fe O0,35n 3n 3. 0,175 mol3x2 31mO = 0,175.16 = 2,8gm = mFe + mO = 8,4 + 2,8 = 11,2 p n A. Quy hn hp X v hai cht FeO v Fe2O3:( )3 3 2 23 FeO 4HNO Fe NO NO 2H O0,1 0,1 mol+ + +2 3Fetrong Fe O8,4n 0,1 0,05mol56 2 3 2 3Fe O Fetrong Fe On n 0,025mol Do :22 3FeO Fe Oh Xm m m 0,1.72 0, 025.160 11, 2 gam + + . (p n A)Ch : Vn c th quy hn hp X v hai cht (FeO v Fe3O4) hoc (Fe v FeO), hoc (Fe v Fe3O4) nhng vic gii tr nn phc tp hn v khi c 2 cht phn ng vi HNO3 sinh ra kh NO2 (khi ta phi t n s mol mi cht, lp h phng trnh, gii h phng trnh hai n s).Ngoi ra cng c th quy i hn hp trn v 1 "cht" tng ng. Quy hn hp X v mt cht l FexOy (FexOy ch l cng thc gi nh)FexOy + (6x2y)HNO3 Fe(NO3)3+ (3x2y) NO2 + (3xy)H2O

0,13x 2y mol 0,1 mol. Fe8,4 0,1.xn56 3x 2y x 6y 7 mol.Vy cng thc quy i l Fe6O7 (M = 448) v6 7Fe O0,1n3 6 2 7 = 0,025 mol.mX = 0,025 448 = 11,2 gam.Nhn xt: Quy i hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 v hn hp hai cht l FeO, Fe2O3 s tnh ton n gin nht.V d 2: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 th cn 0,05 mol H2. Mt khc ha tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trn bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng d th thu c V ml kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht ktc). Gi tr ca V lA. 224. B. 448. C. 336. D. 112.Hng dn gii* Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht FeO v Fe2O3 vi s mol l x, y, ta c:0t2 2FeO H Fe H O x y+ +0t2 3 2 2Fe O 3H 2Fe 3H O x 3y+ +x 3y 0,0572x 160y 3,04+ '+ x 0,02 moly 0,01 mol'2FeO+4H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3+SO2+4H2O 0,02 0,01 molVy:2SOV= 0,01 22,4 = 0,224 lt = 224 ml. (p n A)* Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht Fe v Fe2O3 ta c:Fe2O3+3H2 ot 2Fe+3H2O0,05/3 0,05 Fe3,04 160.(0,05/3) 0,02n mol56 3( )2 4 2 4 2 23 2Fe 6H SO Fe SO 3SO 6H O0,02 0.01: mol3+ + +32* Quy hn hp X v hn hp hai cht Fe v FeO ta c:2 2FeO H Fe H O0,05 0,05: mol+ +Fe3,04 0,05.72n0,01 mol56 Nh vy: 2SO FeO Fe1 3 1 3n n n 0,05 (0,01) 0,01 mol2 2 2 2 + + 2SOV = 0,01 22,4 = 0,224 lt=224 ml. (p n A)Tng t chng ta cng c th quy i mt s hn hp khc v d nh hn hp (Cu, S, Cu2S,CuS) hay hn hp (Fe, S, FeS, FeS2) thnh 2 cht bt k trong s cc cht ; Tuy nhin cc hn hp ny nu dng phng php quy i nguyn t s n gin hn.1. Quy i hn hp nhiu cht thnh cc nguyn t hoc n cht ring bit:Cc dng thng gp:- Hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 c th quy i thnh Fe v O- Hn hp gm (Fe, Cu, S, Cu2S, CuS, FeS, FeS2, CuFeS2, Cu2FeS2, ...) c th quy v hn hp ch gm Cu, Fe v S.V d 3: Gii VD1 bng cch quy i hn hp X thnh Fe v O (x mol)Khi : Bo ton nguyn t Fe ta c: Fe (trong X) Fe ban u8,4n n 0,15 mol56 Cc qu trnh oxi ha - kh xy ra: Fe Fe 3e0,150,45 mol +2O +2e Ox 2x5 42N 1e N (NO ) 0,1 0,1+ ++ p dng bo ton electron ta c: 2x + 0,1 = 0,45 x = 0,175 mO = 2,8gVy m = 8,4 + 2,8 = 11,2V d 4: Ha tan hon ton 3,76 gam hn hp X dng bt gm S, FeS v FeS2 trong dung dch HNO3 c nng d thu c 0,48 mol NO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, lc v nung kt ta n khi lng khng i, c m gam hn hp rn Z. Gi tr ca m l A. 11,650B. 12,815 C. 17,545 D. 15,145 Gii:Quy i hn hp trn thnh Fe (x mol) v S (y mol) ta c:Khi phn ng vi HNO3:

Fe Fe 3e x3x +6

S S 6ey6y+ +5 42N 1e N (NO ) 0,48 0,48+ ++ T ta c h phng trnh:{56x 32y 3,763x 6y 0,48+ + {x 0,03y 0,065Mt khc ta c: Cht rn Z gm Fe2O3 v BaSO4 nn theo bo ton nguyn t Fe v S ta c:2 3 4Fe O Fe BaSO S1n n 0,015 mol; n n 0,065 mol2 . Vy m = 0,015.160 + 0,065.233 = 17,545 (p n C)Mun 6: PHNG PHP I LNG TRUNG BNH5.1. i lng trung bnh trong ton v cDng khi lng mol trung bnh M l khi lng ca 1 mol hn hp.33M= 2 12 2 1 1n nM n M n++ vi M1 < M < M2

Gi tr trung bnh dng bin lun tm ra nguyn t khi hoc phn t khi hay s nguyn t trong phn t hp cht. Bi tp minh haBi 1.Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A, B nm k tip nhau trong cng mt nhm A. Ly 6,2 gam X ho tan hon ton vo nc thu c 2,24 lt hiro(ktc). A, BlA. Li, Na B. Na, K C. K, Rb D. Rb, Cs Hng dn giit cng thc chung ca A v B l R 2R + 2H2O 2ROH + H20,2 mol ....................................0,1 mol 6,2M 310,2 (g/mol). Vy 2 kim loi l Na (23) v K (39)p n B. Bi 2. Ha tan 5,94 gam hn hp hai mui clorua ca hai kim loi A v B (cng thuc nhm IIA) vo nc c dung dch X. lm kt ta ht ion Cltrong dung dch X ngi ta cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 thu c 17,22 gam kt ta. Cng thc ha hc ca hai mui clorua ln lt l A. BeCl2, MgCl B. MgCl2, CaCl2C. CaCl2, SrCl2D. SrCl2, BaCl2Hng dn giit cng thc chung ca hai mui l RCl2RCl2 + 2AgNO32AgCl +2RCl RCl AgCl1 1 17,22n n2 2 143,5 = 0,06 mol2RCl5,94M 99 R 99 71 280,06 Vy 2 kim loi nhm IIA l Mg (24) v Ca (40). p n B. Bi 3.Ho tan hon ton 4,68 gam hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v B k tip trong nhm IIA vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,12 lt CO2 (ktc). Kim loi A v B:A. Be v Mg B. Mg v Ca C. Ca v Sr D. Sr v Ba Hng dn giiGi M l nguyn t khi trung bnh ca 2 kim loi A v B 3 2 2 2MCO 2HCl MCl CO H O + + +0,05 .....................................1,1222,4= 0,05 (mol)34,68MCO 93,6 M 93,6 60 33,60,05 Bin lun:A < 33,6 A l Mg = 24. B > 33,6 B l Ca = 40. p n B.Bi 4. X v Y l hai nguyn t halogen 2 chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon. kt ta ht ion X, Y trong dung dch cha 4,4 gam mui natri ca chng cn 150 mL dung dch AgNO3 0,4M. X v Y l A. Flo, clo B. Clo, brom C. Brom, iot D. Khng xc nhHng dn gii34S mol AgNO3 = s mol X v Y = 0,4.0,15 = 0,06 (mol) Khi lng mol trung bnh ca hai mui l 4,4M 73,330,06 X,Y M = 73,33 23 = 50,33; hai halogen l Clo (35,5) v Brom (80).p n B. Bi 5. Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A, B nm k tip nhau trong nhm IA. Ly 7,2 gam X ho tan hon ton vo nc thu c 4,48 lt hiro ( ktc). A, B l A. Li, Na B. Na, K C. K, Rb D. Rb, Cs Hng dn giiDng phng php phn t khi trung bnh X+H2O XOH+12H2 2X H4,48n 2n 2 0,4mol22,47,2M 180,4 . Hai kim loi l Li (9)v Na (23)p n A. Bi tp rn luyn k nng1. Cho 1,66g hn hp 2 kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dd HCl d thy thot ra 0,672 lit H2 (kc). Hai kim loi lA. Be v Mg B. Mg v Ca C. Sr v BaD. Ca v Sr2. X l kim loi nhm IIA Cho 1,7 g hn hp gm kim loi X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dd HCl sinh ra 0,672lit H2 (kc). Mt khc khi cho 1,9g X tc dng vi lng d dd H2SO4 long th th tch kh H2 sinh ra cha n 1,12 lit kc. Kim loi X lA. Ba B. Ca C. SrD. Mg3. Trong t nhin, nguyn t Cu c 2 ng v l 63Cu v 65Cu. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu l 63,54. Thnh phn % tng s nguyn t ca ng v 63Cu lA. 27% B. 50%C. 54%D. 73%4. cho m gam hn hp bt Zn v Fe vo lng d dd CuSO4. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, lc b phn dd thu c m gam bt rn. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Zn trong hn hp ban u lA. 90,27%B. 12,67% C. 85,30% D. 82,20%5. Ha tan hon ton 4,68g hn hp mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi A, B k tip trong nhm IIA vo dd HCl thu c 1,12 lit CO2 (kc). Kim loi A, B lA. Be v MgB. Mg v CaC. Ca v SrD. Sr v Ba6. Hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B nm k tip nhau trong cng 1 nhm A. Ly 6,2g X ha tan hon ton vo nc thu c 2,24 lit H2 (kc). A, B lA. Li, Na B. Na, KC. K, Rb D. Rb, Cs7. Ha tan 28,4 g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi nhm IIA bng dd HCl thu c 6,72lit kh (kc) v 1 dd. Xc nh 2 kim loi nu chng thuc 2 chu k lin tip ?A. Be v Mg B. Mg v Ca C. Sr v BaD. Ca v Sr8. Cho 31,84g hn hp 2 mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l 2 halogen thuc 2 chu k kin tip) vo dd AgNO3 d thu c 57,34g kt ta. 2 mui l35A. NaF, NaClB.NaCl, NaBrC. NaBr, NaI D. A v C ng9. X v Y l 2 halogen 2 chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH. kt ta ht ion X-, Y- trong dd cha 4,4g mui natri ca chng cn 150ml dd AgNO3 0,4M. X, Y ln lt lA. flo, clo B. Clo, brom C. Brom, iotD. Khng xc nh c 10. Ha tan 2,97g hn hp 2 mui CaCO3v BaCO3bng dd HCl d thu c 0,448 lit CO2 (kc). Thnh phn % v s mol CaCO3 v BaCO3 trong hn hp ln lt lA. 60%; 40% B. 50%; 50% C. 70%; 30% D. 30%; 70%11. Ha tan 16,8g hn hp gm 2 mui cacbonat v sunfit ca cng 1 kim loi kim vo dd HCl d, thu c 3,36lit hn hp kh (kc). Kim loi kim lA. Li B. NaC. K D. Rb12. Cho m gam hn hp gm Na2CO3, Na2SO3 tc dng ht vi dd H2SO4 2M d thu c 2,24 lit hn hp kh (kc) c t khi i vi H2 l 27. Gi tr ca m lA. 11,6gB. 10gC. 1,16gD. 1g13. C x mol hn hp 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin tip (hn hp X). X tc dng va vi dd HCl thu c a gam hn hp mui clorua khan, cn nu cho X tc dng va vi dd H2SO4 th thu c b gam hn hp mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca x lA.252 b a B. 12, 5b a C. 12, 5a b +D. 252 b a +14. C x mol hn hp 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin tip (hn hp X). X tc dng va vi dd HCl thu c a gam hn hp mui clorua khan, cn nu X tc dng va vi dd H2SO4 th thu c 1,1807a gam hn hp mui sunfat khan. 2 kim loi lA. Li, NaB. Na, KC. K, RbD. Rb, Cs15. Cho 1,52g hn hp gm Fe v 1 kim loi X thuc nhm IIA ha tan hon ton trong dd HCl d thy to ra 0,672lit kh (kc). Mt khc 0,95g kim loi X ni trn khng kh ht 2 gam CuO nhit cao. Kim loi X lA. Ca B. Mg C. BaD. Be16. Cho m gam hn hp A gm NaCl v NaBr tc dng hon ton vi dd AgNO3. Khi lng kt ta thu c bng k ln khi lng ca AgNO3(nguyn cht) phn ng. Bi ton lun c nghim ng khi k tha mn iu kinA. 1,8 < k < 1,9 B. 0,844 < k < 1,106C. 1,023 < k < 1,189D. k >017. Mt oxit c cng thc X2O c tng s cc ht trong phn t l 92. Oxit ny lA. Na2O B. K2O C. Cl2O D. H2O18. Ho tan 18,4g hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi nhm IIA bng dd HCl thu c 4,48 lit kh (kc). 2 kim loi l (bit chng thuc 2 chu k lin tip)A. Be v Mg B. Mg v Ca C. Sr v Ba D. Ca v Sr19. Ha tan 5,94g hn hp 2 mui clorua ca 2 kim loi A, B cng nhm IIA vo nc c dd X. lm kt ta ht ion Cl- trong X ngi ta cho dd X tc dng vi dd AgNO3 thu c 17,22g kt ta. Cng thc 2 mui lA. BeCl2, MgCl2 B. MgCl2, CaCl2C. CaCl2, SrCl2 D. SrCl2, BaCl25.1.2. i lng trung bnh trong Ton Hu c36Trong ho hu c cc i lng trung bnh bao gm: Khi lng mol trung bnh, s nguyn t cacbontrungbnh, gchyrocacbon trungbnh,snguynt hirotrung bnh,s nhm chctrung bnh, s lin kt trung bnh. 1:Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l:A. 20,40 gam B. 18,60 gam C. 18,96 gam D. 16,80 gam2: t chy hon ton hn hp M gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y l ng ng k tip ca nhau, thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,425 mol H2O. Mt khc cho 0,25 mol hn hp M tc dng vi Na (d) thu c cha n 0,15 mol H2. Cng thc phn t ca X, Y l:A. C2H6O2 v C3H8O2B. C2H6O v CH4OC. C3H6O v C4H8O D. C2H6O v C3H8O3: Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH (t l mol 1::1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dngvi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l:A. 10,12 B. 6,48 C. 8,10 D. 16,204: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ru (ancol) no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi CuO d, nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y (c t khi hi so vi H2l 13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3 nung nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:A. 7,8 B. 8,8 C. 7,4 D. 9,25:un nng hn hp gm hai ru (ancol) n chc, mch h k tip nhau trong dy ng ng vi H2SO4 dc 1400C. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 6 gam hn hp gm 3 este v 1,8 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca hai ru trn l:A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. C2H5OH v C3H7OHC. C3H5OH v C4H7OH D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH6:t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi trong khng kh (trong khng kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 9,9 gam nc. Th tch khng kh ( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l:A. 70,0 lt B. 78,4 lt C. 84,0 lt D. 56,0 lt7:Thu phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glierol (glixerin) v hai loi axit bo. Hai loi axit bo l:A. C15H31COOH v C17H35COOH B. C17H31COOH v C17H33COOHC. C17H33COOH v C15H31COOHD. C17H33COOH v C17H35COOH8: Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm hai hyrocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Br2 gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. Cng thc phn t ca 2 hyrocacbon l:A. C2H2 v C4H6B. C2H2 v C4H8C. C3H4 v C4H8D. C2H2 v C3H89:Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C2H7NO2 tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH v un nng, thu c dung dch Y v 4,48 lt hn hp Z ( ktc) gm hai kh (u lm xanh giy qu m). T khi hi Z i vi H2 bng 13,75. C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng mui khan l:A. 16,5 gam B. 14,3 gam C. 8,9 gam D. 15,7 gam10: t chy hon ton hn hp A gm hai hirocacbon k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, thu c 20,16 lt CO2 (ktc) v 20,7 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t hai cht trong hn hp A l:A. CH4, C2H6B. C2H4, C3H6C. C3H4, C4H6D. C3H8, C4H1011: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C2H2 thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Tnh % khi lng ca C2H2 c trong hn hp X.A. 30,95% B. 69,05% C. 35,09% D. 65,27%12:t chy hon ton hn hp hai amin n chc no mch hng ng k tip bng oxi, thu c 16,72 gam CO2 v 2,8 lt kh nit (ktc). Cng thc hai amin l:37A. C2H5NH2, C3H7NH2B. CH3NH2, C2H5NH2C. C3H9N, C4H11N D. C4H11N, C5H13N13:Ly 2,87 gam hn hp A gm hai anehit, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng acrolein, tc dng hon ton vi lng d bc natri trong amoniac.Lng kim loi bc thu c nu em ho tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long th thu c 672 ml kh NO (ktc). Cng thc hai cht trong hn hp A l:A. C4H7CHO, C5H9CHO B. C2H3CHO, C3H5CHOC. C3H5CHO, C4H7CHO D. C5H9CHO, C6H11CHO14: t chy hon ton 0,12 mol hn hp X gm hai cht hu c A v B khc dy ng ng, trong A hn B mt nguyn t C, ngi ta thu c H2O v 9,24 gam CO2. S mol mi cht A, B ln lt l:A. 0,02 mol v 0,06 mol B. 0,06 mol v 0,02 molC. 0,09 mol v 0,03 mol D. 0,03 mol v 0,09 mol15: Cho Na tc dng vi 1,06 gam hn hp 2 ancol ng ng lin tip ca ru metylic thy thot ra 224 ml H2 (ktc). Cng thc ca ancol l:A. CH3OH v C2H5OH B. C2H5OH v C3H7OHC. C4H9OH v C5H11OH D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH16: t chy mt hn hp gm 2 hirocacbob ng ng k tip thu cVCO2 : VH2O = 12: 23. Cng thc phn t v % v s mol ca hirocacbon l:A. CH4: 10% v C2H6: 90% B. CH4: 90% v C2H6: 10%C. CH4: 50% v C2H6: 50%D. CH4: 70% v C2H6: 30%17: T khi ca hn hp A gm metan v etan so vi kh l 0,6. t chy hon ton 3,48 gam hn hp A ri dn sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:A. 22 gam B. 20 gam C. 11 gam D. 110 gam18: Cho 8 gam hn hp 2 anehit mch h k tip nhau trong dy ng ngca anehit fomic tc dng vi dung dch Ag2O trong NH3 d thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Cng thc phn t ca 2 anehit l:A. HCHO v CH3CHO B. CH3CHO v C2H5CHOC. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO D. C2H3CHO v C3H5CHO19: t chy hon ton a gam hn hp 2 ankan X, Y (x km Y k nguyn t C) th thu c b gam kh CO2. Khong xc nh ca s nguyn t C trong phn t X theo a,b,k l: A. b abnb ab a k b7 22 7 22) 7 22 .(< < B.b abnb ab a k b7 22 7 22) 7 22 (+< 1 : 4D. p : q < 1 : 4Bi gii:- Gi y l s mol HCl.- Ta c hm s: y = q0 x p 4p x 4p3 3q p + - thu c kt ta sau phn ng th y > 0 nn: p > 0 4 0 p:q 1:43 3q p + > y B. y > xC. x = yD. x < 2y12. Trn dd cha a mol AlCl3 vi dd cha b mol NaOH. thu c kt ta th cn t lA. a/b = B. a/b > C. a/b < D. a/b = 1/313. Mt dd cha a mol NaAlO2 v amol NaOH tc dng vi dd cha b mol HCl. iu kin sau phn ng thu c kt ta lA. a = 2b B. a = bC. a < b < 4aD. a < b < 5a14. Thm dd HCl vo dd cha 0,1mol NaOH v 0,1 mol NaAlO2 . Khi kt ta thu c l 0,08 mol th s mol HCl dng lA. 0,08 hoc 0,16 mol B. 0,18 hoc 0,26 molC. 0,26 molD. 0,16 mol15. Cho 18,6g hn hp gm Zn v Fe tc dng va vi 7,84 lit Cl2 ktc. Ly sn phm thu c ha tan vo nc ri cho tc dng vi dd NaOH 1M. Th tch dd NaOH cn dng lng kt ta thu c ln nht, nh nht ln lt lA. 0,7 v 1,1 litB. 0,1 v 0,5 litC. 0,2 v 0,5 litD. 0,1 v 1,1 lit5316. Trong 1 cc ng 200ml dd AlCl3 2M. Rt vo cc 200ml dd NaOH aM thu c kt ta. Sy kt ta v nung n khi lng khng i thu c 5,1g cht rn. Gi tr ca a lA. 1,5MB. 1,5 v 3M C. 3MD. 1,5M v 7,5M17.Cho 5,6 lit hn hp X gm N2 v CO2 (ktc) i chm qua 5 lit dd Ca(OH)2 0,02M phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 5 g kt ta. T khi hi ca hn hp X so vi H2 lA. 15,6 B. 18,8C. 21D. C A v B18. Nhit phn 20 g mui cacbonat kim loi ha tr 2 thu c kh A v cht rn B. Cho ton b kh A vo 150 ml dd Ba(OH)2 1M thu c 19,7g kt ta. Cng thc mui cacbonat lA. CaCO3 B. BaCO3C. FeCO3 D. MgCO319. Ha tan hon ton 11,2g CaO vo nc c dd A. Nu cho kh CO2 sc qua dd A v sau khi kt thc th nghim thy c 2,5g kt ta. Th tch CO2 tham gia phn ng lA. 0,56 v 2,24 litB. 0,56 v 8,4 litC. 0,65 v 8,4 litD. 0,6 v 2,24 lit20. Ha tan 3,9 g Al(OH)3 bng 50 ml dd NaOH 3M thu c dd A. Th tch dd HCl 2M cn cho vo dd A xut hin tr li 1,56g kt ta lA. 0,02 lit B. 0,24 litC. 0,02 hoc 0,24 litD. 0,06 hoc 0,12 lit21. Cho V lit dd NaOH 2M vo dd cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,1 mol H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton thu c 7,8g kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta trn lA. 0,45 B. 0,35C. 0,25 D. 0,05M un 9:PHNG PHP LP S HP THC1 L thuyti vi cc bi ton hn hp bao gm nhiu qu trnh phn ng xy ra, ta ch cn lp s hp thc, sau cn c vo cht u v cht cui, b qua cc phn ng trung gian. V d: Cho hn hp A gm cc cht rn Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 tan hon ton trong dung dch HCl, dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc kt ta, nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Tnh m. Ta thy, cht cui cng l Fe2O3, vy nu tnh c tng s mol Fe c trong A ta s tnh c s mol Fe2O3. Cho hn hp Fe, Zn, Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, cho t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch thu c n kt ta ln nht, lc kt ta, nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn, tnh m.Ta thy, nu bit c s mol cc kim loi ban u, ta lp c s hp thc gia cht u v cui Fe Fe2O3; Zn ZnO; Mg MgO ta s tnh c khi lng cc oxit. 2. Bi tp* Bi tp c li gii Bi 1. Cho 11,2 gam Fe v 2,4 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch A v V lt kh H2 ( ktc). Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A thu c kt ta B. Lc B nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m (gam) cht rn. a. V c gi tr l A. 2,24 L B. 3,36 L C. 5,6 L D. 6,72 Lb. Gi tr ca m l 54A. 18 g B. 20 g C. 24 g D. 36 g Hng dn gii a.2H Mg Fe2,4 11,2n n n24 56 + += 0,3 (mol)2HV= 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (lt)p n D.b. Da vo s thay i cht u v cui, ta lp c s hp thc: 2Fe Fe2O3; Mg MgO 0,20,1 0,10,1m = 0,1.160 + 0,1.40 = 20 (g) p n B.Bi 2. Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,2 mol Fe v 0,1 mol Fe2O3 vo dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi NaOH d thu c kt ta. Lc ly kt ta, ra sch, sy kh v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn, m c gi tr l A. 23 g B. 32 g C. 24 g D. 42 gHng dn giiCc phn ng:Fe+ 2HCl FeCl2+H2Fe2O3 + 6HCl2FeCl3 +3H2OHCl +NaOH NaCl+H2OFeCl2 +2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaClFeCl3 +3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O 4Fe(OH)32Fe(OH)3 0tFe2O3+3H2OTrong m gam cht rn c 0,1 mol Fe2O3 (16 g) ban u. Vy ch cn tnh lng Fe2O3 to ra t Fe theo mi quan h cht u (Fe) v cui (Fe2O3) 2Fe Fe2O3. 2 3Fe O Fe1n n2= 0,1 (mol)m = 16 + 0,1.160 = 32 (gam)p n B. Bi 3.Hn hp Al, Fe c khi lng 22 gam c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng vi HCl d thu c dung dch A v 8,96 lt H2 (ktc). Cho dung dch A tc dng dung dch NaOH d c kt ta B, lc kt ta B nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m1 gam cht rn. Phn 2 cho vo dung dch CuSO4 d n khi phn ng hon ton thu c m2 gam cht rn khng tan. a. m c gi tr lA. 8 g B. 16 g C. 32 g D. 24 gb. mc gi tr l A. 12,8 g B. 16 g C. 25,6 g D. 22,4 gHng dn giia.2Al+6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H3Fe +2HCl FeCl2 + H2HCl+NaOH NaCl+H2O AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl Al(OH)3+NaOH NaAlO2+2H2OFeCl2 +2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl 554Fe(OH)2+O2

0t2Fe2O3 + 4H2O Khi tc dng vi HCl, gi x, y ln lt l s mol Al v Fe ta c:27x 56y 11 x 0,21,5x y 0,4 y 0,1+ ' '+ Sau cc phn ng cht rn thu c ch cn l Fe2O3.2Fe Fe2O30,1........0,05 m1 = 8 (g) p n A.b. 2Al + 3CuSO4Al2(SO4)3+3Cu Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4+Cu phn 2, Cu nhn electron chnh bng H2 nhn phn 1, do nCu = 2Hn = 0,4 mCu = 25,6 (gam)p n C. * Bi tp rn luyn k nng:1.Cho hn hp gm 0,025 mol Mg v 0,03 mol Al tc dng vi dd HCl thu c dd A. Thm dd NaOH d vo dd A thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m lA. 1B. 1,45C. 2,98 D. 3,792. Cho 100ml dd FeSO4 0,5M tc dng vi dd NaOH d. Sau phn ng lc kt ta ri em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c s gam cht rn lA. 4B. 5,35C. 3,6D. 6,43. Ha tan 10g hn hp bt Fe v Fe2O3 bng dd HCl va thu c 1,12 lit kh H2 (ktc) v dd X. Cho dd X tc dng ht vi dd NaOH d. Ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c s gam cht rn lA. 11,5 B. 11,2C. 10,8D. 124. Cho 0,2 mol FeO v 0,1 mol Fe3O4 vo dd HCl d, sau khi thm tip dd NaOH d vo, ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu cA. 21,6g FeO B. 38,67g Fe3O4 C. 40g Fe2O3D. 48g Fe2O35. 7,68g hn hp Fe, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 tc dng ht vi 260 ml dd HCl 1M thu c dd X. Cho X tc dng vi dd NaOH d, lc kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c s gam cht rn lA. 8B. 12C. 16D. 246. Cho 11,2 g Fe v 2,4g Mg tc dng vi dd H2SO4 long d. Sau phn ng thu c dd A v V lit kh H2 (ktc). Cho dd NaOH d vo dd A thu c kt ta B. Lc ktta B nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. a. V c gi tr lA. 2,24 B. 3,36C. 5,6D. 6,72b. m c gi tr lA. 18 B. 20 C. 24 D. 367. Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,2 mol Fe v 0,1 mol Fe2O3 vo dd HCl d c dd A. Cho dd A tc dng vi dd NaOH d thu c kt ta. Lc ly kt ta, ra sch, sy kh v nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c s gam cht rn l56A. 23 B. 32C. 24 D. 428. hn hp Al, Fe c khi lng 22g c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau:P1 tc dng vi HCl d thu c dd A v 8,96 lit kh H2(ktc). Cho dd A tc dng vi dd NaOH d thu c kt ta B, lc kt ta B nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m1 gam cht rn.P2 cho vo dd CuSO4 d n khi phn ng hon ton thu c m2 gam cht rn khng tan.a. Gi tr ca m1 lA. 8 B. 16C. 32D. 24b. Gi tr ca m2 lA. 12,8 B. 16 C. 25,6D. 22,49. Ha tan hon ton 13,6 g hn hp Fe v Fe2O3 trong dd HCl thu c 2,24 lit kh H2 (ktc) v dd D. Cho D tc dng vi dd NaOH d, lc, nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c s gam cht rn lA. 8 B. 12 C. 16D. 2410. Cho 0,27g bt Al v 2,04g bt Al2O3 tan hon ton trong dd NaOH thu c dd X. sc kh CO2 vo dd X thu c kt ta X1. Nung X1 nhit cao n khi lng khng i c oxit X2 (cc phn ng xy ra hon ton). Khi lng X2 lA. 1,02g B. 2,55gC. 2,04gD. 3,06g11. Ha tan hon ton 9g hn hp X gm bt Al v bt Mg bng dd H2SO4 long d thu c kh A v dd B. Thm t t dd NaOH vo B sao cho kt ta n n lng lnnht th dngli.Lc kt ta, nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 16, 2g cht rn. Th tch ca kh A ktc lA. 6,72 litB. 7,84litC. 8,96 litD. 10,08 lit12.Cho m gam bt FexOyha tan bng dd HCl sau thm dd NaOH d vo, lc ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Cng thc ca oxit lA. FeO B. Fe2O3C. Fe3O4 D. Fe3O2M un 10: PHNG PHP PHNG TRNH ION THU GN9.1. L thuyt:Vit ng phng trnh dng ion thu gn, xt xem trong hn hp sau khi trn bao gm nhng ion no; trong nhng ion no c kh nng kt hp vi nhau d vit ng phng trnh dng ion thu gn.Th d: Dung dch A c cha FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3, NH4NO3 em trn vi dung dch B gm NaOH, Ba(OH)2. Cc phng trnh dng ion thu gn:NH4+ + OH- NH3 + H2OBa2+ + SO42- BaSO4.Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3.Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3.C th c: Al(OH)3 + OH- Al(OH)4-.9.2. Bi tp rn luyn k nng:571. Dung dch X cha cc ion Fe3+, SO42-, NH4+, Cl-. Chia dd X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng vi dd NaOH d, un nng thu c 0,672lit kh ktc c 1,07g kt ta. Phn 2 tc dng vi dd BaCl2 d thu c 4,68g kt ta.Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu c khi c cn dd X lA. 3,73g B. 7,07gC. 7,46g D. 3,52g2. Cho 3,2g bt Cu tc dng vi 100ml dd hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v H2SO4 0,2M. Sau khi cac phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra V lit kh NO (sn phm khduy nht) ktc. V c gi tr lA. 0,746B. 0,448 C. 1,792D. 0,6723. Trn V lt dd NaOH 0,01M vi V lit dd HCl 0,03M c 2V lit dd Y. pH ca dd Y lA. 4 B. 3 C. 2.D. 14. Trn 100ml dd c pH = 1 gm HCl v HNO3 vi 100ml dd NaOH aM thu c 200 ml dd c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a lA. 0,15B. 0,3 C. 0,03D. 0,125. Cho mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc d thu c dd X v 3,36 lit H2 ktc. Th tch dd H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ha dd X lA. 150ml B. 75mlC. 60mlD. 30ml6.Trn 100ml dd gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dd gm H2SO4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M thu c dd X c pH lA. 2 B. 1 C. 6 D. 77.Cho m gam h Mg v Al vo 250 ml dd X cha hn hp HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thu c 5,32 lit H2 (ktc) v dd Y (coi th tch dd khng i). pH ca dd Y lA. 7B.1 C. 2 D. 68. Thc hin 2 TN:TN1: cho 3,84g Cu phn ng vi 80ml dd HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lit NOTN2: cho 3,84g Cu phn ng vi 80ml dd HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thot ra V2 lit NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 vi V2 lA. V2 = 2,5V1B. V2 = 1,5V1C. V2 = V1D. V2 = 2V19. Cho 2,4g hn hp bt Mg v Fe vo 130ml dd HCl 0,5M. Th tch kh thot ra ktc lA. 0,336 litB. 0,728lit C. 2,912litD. 0,672lit10.Cho m gam hn hp A gm Zn v Fe vo 2lit dd HCl c 0,4mol kh, thm tip 1lit dd HCl th thot ra thm 0,1mol kh. Nng mol ca dd HCl lA. 0,4MB. 0,8MC. 0,5M D. 0,2511.Ly cng khi lng kim loi R tc dng vi dd H2SO4c nng v vi H2SO4long th thy s mol SO2 gp 1,5 ln s mol H2. kim loi R lA. Mn B. AlC. MgD. Fe12. Cho 3,9 g hn hp X gm Al v Mg tc dng vi 100ml dd Y cha HCl 3M v H2SO4 1M. Kt lun no sau y hp l nht ?A. X tan khng ht B. axit cn dC. X v axit va D. khng kt lun c5813. Cho 0,09 mol Cu vo bnh cha 0,16 mol HNO3 thot ra kh NO duy nht. Thm tip H2SO4 long d vo bnh, Cu tan ht v thu thm V ml NO ktc. Gi tr ca V lA. 1344B. 672C. 448 D. 22414. Dung dch A cha HCl v H2SO4 theo t l mol 3 : 1. 100ml dd A trung ha va bi 50ml dd NaOH 0,5M. Nng mol mi axit lA. HCl 0,15M;H2SO4 0,05M B. HCl 0,5M; H2SO4 0,05MC. HCl 0,05M; H2SO4 0,5M D. HCl 0,15M; H2SO4 0,15M15. Trn dd X cha NaOH 0,1M, Ba(OH)2 0,2M vi dd Y cha HCl 0,2M, H2SO4 0,1M theo t l VX: VY no dd thu c c pH= 13 ? A. 5/4B. 4/5 C. 5/3 D. 3/216.Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na, Ba tc dng vi nc thu c dd Y v 3,36 lit kh H2 (ktc). Th tch dd HCl 2M cn dng trung ha lng dd Y lA. 0,15lit B. 0,3 litC. 0,075 lit D. 0,1lit17.Dung dch A cha NaOH 0,02M v Ca(OH)20,04M. Hp th 0,672lit kh CO2(ktc) vo 500ml dd A thu c lng kt ta lA. 10g B. 2g C. 20gD. 8g18. Cho 84,6g hn hp 2 mui CaCl2 v BaCl2 tc dng ht vi 1 lit dd cha Na2CO3 0,25M v (NH4)2CO3 0,75M sinh ra 79,1g kt ta. Thm 600ml dd Ba(OH)2 1M vo dd sau phn ng. Khi lng kt ta v th tch kh bay ra lA. 9,85g ; 26,88 litB. 98,5g ; 26,88 litC. 98,5g; 2,688 lit D. 9,85g; 2,688 lit19. Cho 200ml dd A cha HCl 1M v HNO3 2M tc dng vi 300ml dd cha NaOH 0,8M v KOH thu c dd C. trung ha dd C cn 60ml HCl 1M. Nng mol ca KOH lA. 0,7MB. 0,5MC. 1,4M D. 1,6M20. 100 ml dd X cha H2SO4 2M v HCl 2M trung ha va bi 100ml dd Y gm NaOH v Ba(OH)2 to ra 23,3g kt ta. Nng mol cc cht trong Y lA. NaOH 0,4M; Ba(OH)2 1M B. NaOH 4M; Ba(OH)2 0,1MC. NaOH 0,4M; Ba(OH)2 0,1MD. NaOH 4M; Ba(OH)2 1M21.Trn 100ml dd A gm KHCO31M v K2CO31M vo 100ml dd B gm NaHCO31M v Na2CO3 1M thu c dd C. Nh t t 100ml dd D gm H2SO4 1M v HCl 1M vo dd C thu c V lit kh CO2 (ktc) v dd E. Cho dd Ba(OH)2 ti d vo dd E thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v V lA. 34; 3,24 B. 82,4; 2,24 C. 43; 1,12 D. 82,4; 5,622. Hn hp rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 vi s mol mi cht l 0,1 mol. Ha tan ht X vo dd Y gm HCl v H2SO4 long d thu c dd Z. Nh t t dd Cu(NO3)2 vo dd Z cho ti khi kh NO ngng thot ra. Th tch dd Cu(NO3)2 cn dng v th tch kh thot ra ktc l A. 25 ml; 1,12lit B. 50ml; 2,24litC. 500ml ; 2,24litD. 50ml ; 1,12lit23. Ha tan 6,4g Cu vo 120 ml dd hn hp HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thu c dd A v V lit kh NO duy nht ktc. Gi tr V v khi lng mui khan thu c sau khi c cn dd A lA. 1,344lit ; 11,52g B. 1,344lit ; 15,24gC. 1,434lit; 14,25gD. 1,234lit; 13,24g5924.Cho dd Ba(OH)2 n d vo 50ml dd X cha cc ion: NH4+, SO42-, NO3- th c 11,65g kt ta c to ra v khi un nng c 4,48 lit kh bay ra (ktc). Nng mol mi cht trong X lA. (NH4)2SO4 1M; NH4NO3 2MB. (NH4)2SO4 2M; NH4NO3 1MC. (NH4)2SO4 1M; NH4NO3 1MD. (NH4)2SO4 0,5M; NH4NO3 2M25. Cho 8g Ca tan hon ton trong 200ml dd hn hp HCl 2M, H2SO4 0,75M thu c kh H2 v dd X. C cn dd X thu c lng mui khan lA. 22,2g < m < 27,2g B. 22,2g m 25,95gC. 25,95g < m < 27,2g D. 22,2g m 27,2g26. Ha tan hon tton 17,88g hn hp gm 2 kim loi kim A, B v kim loi kim th M vo nc thu c dd Y v 0,24 mol kh H2. Dung dch Z gm H2SO4 v HCl, trong s mol HCl gp 4 ln s mol H2SO4. trung ha dd Y cn ht V lit dd Z. Tng khi lng mui khan to thnh trong phn ng trung ha lA. 18,64g B. 18,46gC. 27,4gD. 24,7g27.Hpthhonton2,24litCO2(ktc) vo 800mldd A cha NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,05M thu c kt ta X v dd Y. Khi lng dd Y so vi khi lng dd A sA. tng 4,4g B. tng 3,48gC. gim 3,48gD. gim 4,4g28. Trn 250 ml dd hn hp HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,1M vi 250ml dd Ba(OH)2 aM thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dd c pH = 12. Gi tr ca a v m tng ng lA. 0,3; 5,825B. 0,15; 5,825C. 0,12; 6,99D. 0,3; 6,9929.Dung dch B gm KOH 1M v Ba(OH)20,75M. Cho t t dd B vo 100ml dd Zn(NO3)2 1M thy cn dng t nht V ml dd B th khng cn kt ta. V c gi tr lA. 120B. 140C. 16