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Phn loi bn b cha

Chiu cao

p sut

Vt liu

Hnh dng

Sn phm cha

Phn loi bn theo chiu cao

B ngm: c t bn di mt t, thng c s dng

trong cc ca hng bn l


B ni: c xy dng trn mt t, c s dng cc kho

ln.


B na ngm: Loi b c chiu cao b

nh ln mt t, nhng hin nay cn rt t.

B ngoi khi: c thit k ni trn mt

nc, c th duy chuyn t ni ny n ni

khc mt cch d dng.

So snh b ngm v b ni

Phn loi bn theo p sut

B cao p: p sut chu ng trong b >200mmHg

B p lc trung bnh: p sut=20 => 200 mmHg thng dng

b KO, DO

B p thng: p sut = 20mmHg p dng b du nhn, FO,

b mi phao

Phn loi bn theo vt liu xy

dng

B kim loi: lm bng thp, p dng cho hu ht cc b ln

hin nay..

B phi kim: Lm bng vt liu nh : g, composite,.nhng

ch p dng cho cc b nh.

Phn loi bn theo hnh dng

B tr ng: C mi che, khng c mi che, mi ni


B hnh tr nm


B hnh cu, hnh git nc

Cc phng php thi cng

Pp thi cng bn

cha

Pp hn hon thin v ghp dn

Pp nng kch bn

Pp hn gin on v lp ghp tng

th

Pp ni

CC NH HNG TI BN B CHA DU KH

i. TC NG BN NGOI

TC NG CA GI

+ Gi c th tc ng n bn, nh hng n n nh ca bn, lm cho bn b un cong hay tc ng n hnh dng ca bn

+ i vi loi bn b chu p cao nh hng ca gi c th b qua nu ta xy tng bo v hoc t bn v tr kn gi

TC NG CA NG T

+ y l tc g hy hu, khng c phng n chng li

+ Tc ng gy ra hin tng trt bn ra khi chn , cong bn , gy bn => chn khu vc n nh v a cht

TC NG BN NGOI KHC

+ Tc ng ca nhng ti trng ca cc thit b b tr trn thn bn

+ Tc ng ca con ngi : o t, gy va p vi bn hoc ph hoi


ii TC NG THY LC

P SUT LM VIC CC I

+ p sut lm vic cc i : p sut ln nht cho php ti nh ca bn cha v tr hot ng bnh thng ti nhit xc nh i vi p sut .

+ p sut lm vic cc i gm p sut thy tnh v nh hng ca ti trng kt hp xut hin cho vic thit k

+ Bn cha hon tt phi tha mn th nghim thy tnh

+ Nhng bn thit k cho p sut trong phi c th p thy tnh ti nhng im ca bn c gi tr nh nht bng 1,5 ln p sut lm vic ln nht cho php

+ Th nghim thy tnh da trn p sut tnh ton c th c dng bi tha thun gia nh sn xut v ngi s dng


TI TRNG GI

+ Ti trng gi bt buc phi c xc nh theo nhng tiu chun, tuy nhin nhng iu lut ca quc gia hoc a phng c th c nhng yu cu khc khe hn.

DUNG TCH CHA LN NHT CHO BN

+ Khong 85 90% dung tch bn c s dng trong iu kin thng

+ i vi mi bn ni , chn chiu cao bn t sc cha ln nht

+ Chiu cao ln nht t c c xc nh bi iu kin t ai ni t bn => kim tra v tr t bn


iii TC NG CA N MN

n mn l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy h hng b cha, gy tn hi ti con ngi, kinh t v mi trng

Bin php bo v chng n mn

+ Sn ph chng n mn

+ Phng php bo v catot

n mn bn ngoi y b cha n mn pin in do VL

bn ngoi trong ct m

n mn do thot nc km Thp mi v thp c kt hp vi nhau

CC LOI N MN BN B CHA


Bo v catot bng dng in cng bc ( dng in ngoi )


Bo v catot kiu pin in (Galvanic)


iii S BAY HI

S tht thot thnh phn nh ca du c th t n 3 %

Khi lu tr trong cc b cha, tr s tht thot ph thuc vo bay hi ca du, tc l ph thuc vo t l thnh phn nh. gim t l ny th bc tch kh cui cng cn phi c thc hin trong iu kin nhit cao v p sut b hn p sut kh quyn.

Gii php tt nht gim mt mt thnh phn nh l bin php n nh du trc khi a vo ct cha trong b. Ta tch cc thnh phn nh m iu kin bnh thng tn ti th kh bng gii php nung nng di p lc chn khng. Sau khi n nh v tch ht thnh phn nh th vic lu gi hoc vn chuyn ti cc nh my ch bin thc t cho thy l khng c tht thot


Gii php gim tht

thot

Ngn chn s bay hi

Gim thiu s bay hi

Thu hi li phn nh

Kim tra k thut a vo vn hnh

Th ln ca b Kim tra ln theo chu vi b Kim tra ln trong nn b

Th bn ca b Cng ca b bn mi b

Kim tra kn kn y b kn mi hn kn mi b

1. Kim tra kn

Kim tra kn y b

Phng php chn khng

Phng php thuc th

Phng php chn khng Ngi ta dng thit b gi l ra th chn khng, l mt hnh hp mt mt trng, mt i din c knh v cc ng ni n my ht chn khng v n p k th kn y b bng phng php chn khng vi tn dy 4mm th trong ra cn l 500mm ct thy ngn. Nu dy hn th to chn khng l 600mm

Phng php thuc th

Ngi ta p t xung quanh thnh b ngn khng cho kh thot ra, kh nn vo y b, chiu cao t p khong 100mm. Ngi ta a 3 4 vi bm kh amoniac vo y b vi p sut d 8 9 mm ct nc di y b. Trn ng hn c nh sch ngi ta qut dung dch phenolphtalein. Nu thy ch no chuyn mu ta ghi li. Cn nu dng dung dch axit HNO3 2,5% th qut dung dch ln vi mn hoc giy bn ph ln ng hn, ch no thng cht ch th ng mu en.

Kim tra kn mi hn thnh b Cc mi hn thnh b kim tra kn bng cch qut hoc phun du ha pha trong, pha bn ngoi qut nc vi hoc qut phn. Qut 2 ln du ha cch nhau 1 pht sau theo di nu khng c vt du loang coi nh l c. Mi hn gi u thnh b m bn trong hn ngt qung th dng my hoc n kh phun du vo k 2 tm tn ri quan st bn ngoi.

Nhng ch ming v tn chng ln nhau th kn phi khoan 1 l nh ri bm du vo trong gia 2 lp tn y vi p sut 1 2 kg/m2 . Bn ngoi ng hn qut nc vi hoc phn theo di sau 12 gi nu khng c vt du loang l tt.

Th kn mi b Th bng phng php nn kh trong b v bi nc x phng ln ng hn mi b, tn gip thnh b. Nu ng hn khng kn bt x phng s ni ln( p sut th bng 15% p sut lm vic b). C th th kn mi b bng cch phun du ha vo phn tip gip mi ngoi b v pha ngoi b, trn ng hn ta bi phn hoc qut nc vi ri quan st theo di xem lp vi c qut c b thm t hay khng.

Th cng ca b Th cng ca b bng cch bm y nc vo b cha trong b t 3 - 7 ngy nu ln ca b khng ng k, b khng b bin dng th c th kt thc vic th, coi nh l tt. Cn nu b c s bin dng ln th phi tm cch khc phc

Th bn mi b Th bn ca b l th 2 ch p sut, p sut dng v p sut chn khng bng cch : bm nc hoc nn kh vo trong b, hoc rt nc khi phi c van khng ch p sut trong b v p k theo di. p sut khng ch nh phn th kn nhng thi gian gia 2 p sut l 2 3 gi

Th ln b Phn loi cc dng ln b * Ln u : * Ln lch :

Kim tra ln theo chu vi b o nghing lch ca b bng phng php dy di. B o thy chun c ng cao su vng chu vi b Nhng quy nh v cch o : Ty theo chu vi b m chia cc im o xung quanh b nhiu hay t s im o nhng khng c nh hn 8 im v khong cch gia cc im khng nh hn 6m. Vi b 2000 3000 m3 sau 4 nm s dng chnh lch hai im o cnh nhau khng qu 40mm, hai im i din nm trn ng knh khng qu 180mm. Nu b s dng qu 4 nm chnh lch cho php ln lt l 60mm v 150mm. Nhng b b 400 500 m3 chnh lch cao bng 50% gi tr ca b ln.

Kim tra ln trong nn b C th nc vo y b cho ph khp c ni cao nht sau o chiu cao nc nhng ch lm. Hoc c th o kh y b bng phng php thy chun s im. S o phi ln hn 8 im trn b mt. Chiu cao vt li lm trn y b khng c li qu 150mm, din tch vt lm khng qu 2m2

X l ln b Vic x l ln b ty theo mc ln, nguyn nhn ln ta c cch x l khc nhau : Nu do nn t c chu lc khng tt m ln b th c th phi kch b o mng b ln, ng cc cc tre, cc g, cc b tng hoc cc cc ct xung li mng b l cng vic kh phc tp v tn nhiu cng sc. Nu do ln cc b th ta c th ch cn kch phn ln qu nhiu tin hnh ng cc, lm li nn mng, gia c cc ct... phc hi li phn mng b l c.

Bo qun b cha Sn b

nh k bo dng b Cc kho tn cha xng du cn c k hoch xc ra b cha xng du mt cch nh k c nin hn. Tuy nhin trong cc trng hp sau cn nht thit phi xc ra b cha xng du nhm m bo cht lng xng du tn cha khng b nh hng v mt cht lng

Cc thit b ph tr

H thng bm

H thng van

H thng x p

H thng cc thit b o (Nhit , p sut, mc cht lng,.

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