Belgelerle Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK (1916 - 1922)

7/23/2019 Belgelerle Mustafa Kemal ATATRK (1916 - 1922)

1/273

W-O-KHKHFHMBCF

GL^BLW H[^BL[ @LMLB JG[BDsjhmb H{c~c Ghc{l Khfhmb

Shm M|1 >;

KLB@LBL[BL

J\_WHNH FLJHB HWHW[F%838>*83;;#

H M F H [ H ; 9 9 ?


2/273

;

Y{dal Smlwcocsc

Gd- G{- S|s|n _H[CMHSGl~blw H{c~bl{c @lmlb Jg{

Y{dal _d{|jb|bh{

G{- Mlohwc HFWH@lmlb Jg{ Sh{gjos

J|swhnh FHYBHMDsjhmb H{c~c Ghc{l Khfhm

G{- Hejlw Qlfc Q@L[Shmbl{c Fdd{gcmhw{

Shmh Ehq{bhhmbh{

\|{ehm GLJ[KHG{- Hbc Dsjhm CMH[

Hqcq Jhej|w \S@\M_lel{ GBKL[G{- [loly FH[HOHFHSH

M|{hm FDBW\Fjjcehmc MLJBDB\

Hbc Jls|w K[MOHehm QS\[W

Fhjcb HFK\B\W_lq`cm GLJ[ODB\

^heglwwcm HWF

Wl{ojl

G{- L{w|{|b D|q C[HHM_cmhm GH[OHM

Mlobh KSFFC[OHBC


3/273

?

KLB@LBL[BLJ\_WHNH FLJHB HWHW[F

%838>*83;;#


4/273

7


5/273

M _ Q

Wh{ce" whkchwm qggmh cmshmbh{m lsc{cgc{- Kbl dbjhfbh kl{hkl{"wh{cecm cmhsmghfc lshs {db" wdyb|jbh{h j dfsh fhe{hjhmbh{h j hcwwc{sd{|s| kcbcj hghjbh{ h{hsmgh wh{wbd{ dbsh gh k| wh{wjhmm eckc{

hmbhj dfw|{- mf flmgc c{hglsc" hfb ~l kcb`cscbl eh{lflw lglm cswl{fcc dbs|m cswl{ wdyb|j j|wbhfh wh{cec lwfcbl{- Kcbcj ~l ncfc{ fhe{hjhm*bh{mh shecy dbhm wdyb|jbh{ ||{bhm{" schslw fhe{hjhmbh{mh shecy dbhmwdyb|jbh{ gmh jcbblwbl{c h{hsmgh hesclw fhqhm{" hsfl{ fhe{hjhmbh{hshecy dbhm wdyb|jbh{ ~h{bf ~l hesclwbl{cmc fd{|jhgh khh{b db|{bh{-Ml ~h{ fc kbl fhe{hjhmbh{ gh kcb`cbc" fbw{b" hesclwbc wdyb|jbh{mlsl{cgc{- blsl wh{cec hyhm ml wlf khmh nl{w ml gl wdyb|jg|{- Wh{cechyhm c{hgl" kcb`c sheckc hesclwbc mlwcocbl{cbl kwmblcy eh{lflwl`llkcblm wdyb|jbh{g{- wl flm Dsjhmb Gl~blwc'mglm jdgl{m W{fc*l'mcm gd||" k| wh{ce db`|m|m lm cc {mlfbl{cmglm kc{cgc{- K| wh{ce

db`|m|m ec yelscq kh jcjh{ gh wdyb|j|bh kwmbllm kc{ bcgl{ dbhmJ|swhnh Fljhb Hwhw{f'w{-

Dsjhmb Gl~blwc'mcm C- Gmh _h~h'mgh lmcbjlscmglm sdm{h wcbnGl~blwbl{c wh{hnmghm _l~{'cm ghhwbjhs ql{cml W{f jcbblwc wh{cecmcmklbfc gl lm fh{hmbf kc{ gmljcml `c{jc k|b|m|d{g|- wl kbl kc{d{whjgh J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm bcgl{bccmgl hebhmhm W{f jcbb {|e|Jdmg{ds Jwh{lflsc'mcm kd|o| eh~hs ~l hbmqb ccmgl Jghnhh*cE|f|f Eh{lflwc'mcm fhmh ~l gcmhjds| dbj|w|{- J|swhnh FljhbYhh'mm bcgl{bccmgl {wblm Jcbbc Johglbl Eh{lflwc cbl W{f jcbblwc

flmgcscml kccbjll hbbhm _l~{ flnlmcmc {wj" Jcshf* Jcbb sm{bh{ccmgl khjsq `lm W{fcl O|je|{clwc'mc f|{j|w|{- J|swhnh FljhbYhh k| johglbl s{hsmgh W{f wdyb|j|m| ghbjh wlebcflscmglmf|{wh{h{hf Jghnhh*c E|f|f eh{lflwc ccmglfc ghmf jhehbb `bl{cmwljscbocbl{cmc WKJJ kmlscmgl Jcshf* Jcbboc kc{ slmwlq ccmgl fh*mhw{jw{-


6/273

^C

O|je|{clw'cm 59- b ~lscblscbl ehq{bhmhm Klb`lbl{bl J|swhnhFljhb Hwhw{f %838>*83;;# hgb k| lsl{" wh{ce kc{ gmjm hhmg~l W{fcl O|je|{clwc'mcm wljlbbl{cmcm hwbg 838>*83;; bbh{mh hcwklb`lbl{glm db|jhfwhg{-

@l{lf Khkhfhmbf Dsjhmb H{c~c ~l `l{lfsl O|je|{clw H{c*~c'mgl whsmcnbl{c whjhjbhmhm lmc ndmbh{ghm ~l jjfm dbg|| fhgh{

gheh mol eckc{ l{gl hmbhmjhj klb`lbl{glm h{h{bhmbh{hf ehq{*bhmhm fcwhywh l{ hbhm klb`lbl{cm kf d|mb|| Dsjhmboh'g{- Qhjhmqhjhm m`cbcqol ~l N{hmsqoh klb`lbl{ gl k|b|mjhfwh db|y k|mbh{m wl{o*jlbl{c hybjw{- 57'l |bhhm fdm| khbmm l{ hbg lsl{gl wdybhj7;5 klb`l" f{dmdbdacf kc{ s{hbhjhh whkc w|w|bh{hf w{hmsf{cyscdm|" wl{o*jlsc ~l jlwmc cbl kc{bcfwl ~l{cbjcwc{- K| lsl{" gheh mol cml f|{|j|*j|qoh hmbhmhm Hwhw{f cbl b`cbc H{c~ Klb`lbl{c" 8388*83;8 Wh{cebl{c

H{hsmh Hcw 89> Klb`l %Hmfh{h 835;" ;9> shnh# hgb fcwhywhm whjhjlmh{ db|y lmc ~lscfhbh{ghm jlghmh `lbjlfwlgc{-

Lsl{cm cjyh{hwd{b|fwhm jcbbc gl~blwl `lc s{locmglfc dbhbh{h f

w|wjhsm gcbl{" hmbhmjhsmgh ljlc `llm Gl~blw H{c~bl{c @lmlbJg{b yl{sdmlbcml wllff{ lgl{cj-

Gd- G{- S|s|n _H[CMHSGl~blw H{c~bl{c @lmlb Jg{


7/273

^CC

W H F G J

Gl{bljl Ehffmgh

Khkhfhmbf Gl~blw H{c~bl{c @lmlb Jg{b k| glnh J|swhnhFljhb Yhh %Hwhw{f# 8383'gh Hmhgdb|'h nl~fhbhgl slbheclwbc jnlwwcdbh{hf `lccmglm Jcbb Johglbl'c qhnl{bl kcwc{gcc bbh cb`cbch{c~bl{glfc klb`lbl{c gl{bljlc kc{ `{l~ kcbcd{|q- K| gl{bljlglflmgcscmcm kc{cmoc gmh sh~hmghfc nhhbclwc cbl cb`cbc 838>'ghm cwckh{lmkc{fh klb`l gl l{ hbjhfwhg{-

Ec yelscq Jwh{lfl gmljc6 jcbb wh{cecjcqcm mljbc dbhbh{scbscblscgc{- ^l k| mlglmbl gl cb`cjcqc df lfjlsc whkccgc{- Jcbbjohglbl ql{cml shsq lsl{ hqbjw{" df gh klb`l f|bbhmbjw{-

Wh{cehqob khfjmghm sd{|m gh k|{hgh khbhjhfwhg{- K| gmljc"j|ewlbcn olyelbl{c cbl j|ewlbcn h{c~bl{l ghhmh{hf whs~c{ lwjlfmwljcml df `l `c{gcf- ejhb lgcblm fhmhfbh{m khmgh jhhblslnW{f h{c~ klb`lbl{c `lbjlfwlgc{- K| mlglmbl Gl~blw H{c~bl{c @lmlbJg{b'mm" kf mgl{cm 838>*83;; bbh{mh hcw nhhbclwc cbl cb`cbcklb`lbl{c" wh{cecbccjcq ~l hfm wh{cecjcq hsmghm h{bfb kc{ mljlshecywc{- K| gmljgl J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh" olyelbl{gl csjc eqbh hbyg||bhm `lm kc{ `lml{hb ~l mcehlw Hmhgdb|'ghfc jcbbc efjlwcmW{fcl Kf Jcbblw Jlobcsc khfhm dbh{hf mlwcjcmglgc{-

K| gl{bljlgl khq kcbgccjcq e|s|sbh{ ylfcmbcfbl klb`lblmjlfwlgc{6

kcbjlgccjcq khq e|s|sbh{ gh d{whh fjhfwhg{- Jlslbh kc{ ff{mlf6 wcbhn gl~blwbl{c wljscbocbl{c O{dpnd{g hgmghfc qhkcw khfhmbmghW{hkqdm'ghfc hsfl{c ~l jbfc yh{f ~l hjkh{bh{m wjm `lql{lf [|sklhq `mbb d{g|s|m|m cewchohw ccm jhbqljl" lh ~l lfl{"dwdjdkcb ~l bhswcf whblkcmgl k|b|mj|6 k| whblkl fh{ J|swhnh FljhbYhh fh{ fjw{- @lml j|ewlbcn jhehbbl{gl kc{ whfj |{hbh{ jl~o|wdbg|| ~l k|mbh{m hsfl{ wdybhjhfwh dbg|| %fc gd{|g|{# d{g|m|m


8/273

^CCC

k|mbh{ ecjhl lblgcc cggch db|mg||mghm k| |{hbh{m ghwbjhse|s|s| Ghecbcl Mhq{ Hbc Fljhb wh{hnmghm lj{ lgcbcd{- Ec yel dffc J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh ~l Hmhgdb| k| lj{c gcmbljljc ~l wl{scmchyjw{-

_hjs|m ~l eh~hbcscml |bhy nhhbclwl khbhg hmghm cwckh{lm"m`cbcqbl{6 J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm +ff{wobf hyw" |`|m dbjhhm

`{|ybh{ glswlfblgcc+ `ckc kc{ `l{lfl cbl `{l~cmcm sdmh l{gc{cbjlscmcwhbly lgcd{bh{- K| `ckc whblybl{c Fdmh ~l eh~hbcscml jnlwwc whcmlgcblm Oljhb Yhh ccm gl ~h{cggc{- `hb fdj|whmbmm +jnlwwcbcf+`ckc ffb gl~blw hmhmljcql ghhmhm kc{ jlj|{clwcm wdywhm fhbg{bjh*sm whbly lwwcc gl hfw{-

Kc{ gcl{ e|s|s gh Dsjhmb Gl~blwc'mcm |{w gmghfc wljscbocbl{c*mcm Hmhgdb| eh{lflwcmc w|ww|| ~l [djh'ghfc jhsbhehw`qh{ Nl{{|e Kl`ckcbl{cm jwljhgclm Eh{cocl Mlqh{lwc'ml k| mgl {hyd{bh{`mgl{gcfbl{cgc{6 H~{|yh lnfh{* |j|jclscmcm Hmhgdb| eh{lflwcmcm`lbcjlsc ql{cml eljncfc{ dbg|fbh{m s{h{bh klbc{wcd{bh{-

mmqglfc gl{bljlgl Hmhgdb| eh{lflwcmcm swhmk|b efjlwcwh{hnmghm gll{blmgc{cbjlsc `ckc lmc kc{ kd|w d{whh fjhfwhg{- ^lk| kd|w kcqc l{ l{ h{whohf kc{ jheclwl k{mjlfwlgc{-Wh{cehqobf klb`l ~l kcb`c fhbhkhbmghm df" j|ewlbcn {lmfwlfc ~lscfh~l jhbqljlmcm seehwbcol gll{blmgc{cbjlscml ghhm{- K| hbjhmm kc{db|jb| khbhm` ~l h{h{b kc{ h{c~ ecqjlwc dbg|| fhmhhwcmglcq-

Y{dn- G{-bkl{ D[WHSBC


9/273

MGLFBL[

M_Q-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ^

WHFGJ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ^CC

MGLFBL[-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CU

FC_HBWJHBH[----------------------------------------------------------------------------- UU^CC

C- KBJKLB@LBL[M W[HM_F[Y_SDM ^L WL[OJL_

M| Fdm| _hnh

8 _dnh'h `cglolf dbhm Hmhnh{whbh{ @{|k| F|jhmghm L{fm*Eh{kcl Jc{hbh J|swhnh Fljhb Kl'l `l{lfbc fdbhbm sh*bhmjhs---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?

; J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm Ecohq F|~~l*c _lnl{clsc'ml whcmlgcbgcc ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?

? \{nh'mm eh~hsmh ||j shbhhjhhm Ehgh{ Kl'cm Hgm'hwhcm lgcbgccml ghc{ Gecbcl Mlq{lwc'mglm fcmoc D{g| F|*jhmghm J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn--------------------------- 7

7 _|{cl'gl lsc{ dbg||mh ghc{ ehffmgh ch hbhm J|swhnhFljhb Yhh'mm Ehbly'wl d{g|s|m|m khmgh k|b|mg||--------------- 7

< _hjs|m'h `cgl{lf `{l~l khbhhm ~l kb`lglfc lfh lwlbl{cehffmgh {hyd{ cswllm Gdf|q|mo| D{g| Jnlwwcc J|swhnhFljhb Yhh'mm jbf lwfcbl{c ~l `{l~bl{c ehffmgh _hjs|m

J|whsh{{nb'mm kcb`c whblkc ---------------------------------------------------------- Gdf|q|mo| D{g| Jnlwwcc J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm khq cf*

lwbl{cm l{cmgl wlgfcfc ccm fh{h{`em `lcoc dbh{hf Eh~qh'hmhfblglolc--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0

0 Hsfl{ `{l~cmcm hm s{h jbf `{l~bl{c gl k|b|mhm J|swhnhFljhb Yhh'mm sd{|jb|b|f kb`lbl{c ~l lwfcbl{cml ghc{ Jlo*


10/273

;

bcs*c ^flboh whsgcf lgcbcy cb`cbc ~cbhlw ~l bc~hbh{h `mgl{cblmwhbcjhwmhjl -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

5 Gdf|q|mo| D{g| Jnlwwcc J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm hsblwlm kc{~hbc whcm lgcbjlsc whblkc ql{cml Fhswhjdm| lsfc ^hbcsc [lcgYhh'mm _c~hs ^hbcbcc'ml whcm lgcbgcc ----------------------------------------- 87

3 W{hkqdm'ghfc hsfl{ ~l jbf hjkh{bh{ `lql{lf d{hgh k|b|mhmclolf ~l gcl{ jhbqljlbl{c hbjhf cswllm [|s Wlgfcf Ellwccbl kc{ m`cbcq qhkcwcml Gdf|q|mo| D{g| Jnlwwcc J|swhnh

Fljhb Yhh wh{hnmghm cqcm ~l{cbjlgcc ----------------------------------------- 8

87 _c~hs'm @jehof fhqhsmgh lfh whfckcmgl k|b|mhmKcmkh [|lm Kl'l glswlf ccm J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm whblkcql{cml d{|j'ghm `mgl{cblm jn{lqlmcm cfc m`cbcq s|khwh{hnmghm lm`lbblmgcc -------------------------------------------------------------------- ;5

8< Hmhgdb|'gh cewcbb eh{lflwbl{cml `c{cwcc cggchsbh m`cbwl{l Nl~*fhbgl Fdjcsl{bcc'mcm cswlc ql{cml jhclwcmglfcbl{bl kc{bcfwlswhmk|b'h `l{c h{bg ehbgl ljc{bl{c gcmbljllm J|swhnhFljhb Yhh'mm mo Fdbd{g| Jnlwwcbcc'mglm hqblgcbgcc---- ;3

8> _hjs|m ~l eh~hbcscmgl sd`|m hyhm lwlbl{cm ghwbh{hfnhhbclwbl{cml sdm ~l{cbgcc ehffmgh Gdf|q|mo| D{g| Jnlwwcc


11/273

?

J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh wh{hnmghm Eh{kcl Mlq{lwc'ml `mgl{cblmwlb`{hn----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?3

80 Ydswh ~l Wlb`{hn ~l Wlblndm Mlq{lwc'mcm Jgnhh*c E|f|f*Jcbbcl oljclwbl{cmol `mgl{cblm wlb`{hnbh{m lfcbjljlsc ehf*fmghfc lj{cmc l{cml `lwc{lolf dbhm `{l~bcbl{cm Gc~hm* Eh{k'l~l{cblolcml ghc{ mo D{g| Jnlwwcc J|swhnh Fljhb Yhhwh{hnmghm Gecbcl Mlq{lwc'ml lfcblm wlb`{hn----------------------------- 79

85 J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm l{cml Khe{cl lsfc Mq{ E|{cg

Yhh'mm mo D{g| Jnlwwcbcc'ml whcm lgcbgcc ~l eckc{{lsj snhw fhbjhjhsmh {hjlm c{hgl*c slmcl flmgcscml wlk*bc lgcbcmoll fhgh{ jlj|{clwcml gl~hj lglolc------------------------ 78

83 Hqblgcbgcc flmgcscml kcbgc{cbgcc ehbgl eb +mo D{g|Jnlwwcc+ snhwbh wlkbc`hw hmbhjhfwh dbhm ~l Hjhsh'ghm_c~hs'h gd{| dbh fhm J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm flscmbcfbljhqb fhk|b lgcbjlsc `l{lfwccml ghc{ Gecbcl Mlq{lwc'mglm_c~hs ^cbhlwc'ml lfcblm wlb`{hn----------------------------------------------------- 7?

;9 @{l~cmglm hbmj dbhm J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh ~l [h|n Kl cblehkl{bll{lf Fh{hfcbcsl'gl `{jlf cswllm ^hm ^hbcsc Ehgh{

Kl'l k| gh~{hmmm |`|m dbjhhoh fdm|s|mgh GecbclMlq{lwc'mglm `mgl{cblm wlb`{hn----------------------------------------------------- 77

;8 m`cbcqbl{cm _hjs|m'ghfc f|~~lwbl{cmc Ecmwbc hsfl{bl{bl whf~cllwjlbl{cmcm c`hb jhfshg whgm kcbgc{l{lf sh~|mjh mblj*bl{c hbjhh hbhm J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm gheh mol `{l*~cmglm hbmj dbg||mghm ~l{lolc ljc{bl{cm ~cbhlwol l{cml`lwc{cbjlscmcm |`|m dbjhhoh---------------------------------------------------- 73

?? J|swhnh Fljhb ~l [h|n Klbl{'cm swhmk|b'h `mgl{cbjlf ql{lL{q|{|j'ghm fh{wbjhbh{mh h{gjo db|mjhs ccm Eh{kclMlq{lwcmol fdbd{g| f|jhmghmbmh ljc{ ~l{cbjlsc e|s|s|mgh

^hbc [lcg Kl wh{hnmghm Gecbcl Mlq{lwc'ml lfcblm wlb`{hn---- 08?7 J|swhnh Fljhb Kl ~l h{fhghbh{mm Hmhgdb|*c h{f Jgnhh*c

E|f|f Oljclwc hgmh L{q|{|j'gh gh fdm`{l hyjhf ql{l_c~hs'h eh{lflw lwwcfbl{c--------------------------------------------------------------------- 0;

?< _c~hs'wh hybhohf dbhm fdm`{lgl qh{h{b ncfc{bl{cm ml s{bjlscmlkcqqhw J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh wh{hnmghm cqcm ~l{cbjllolc ~lswhmk|b Efjlwc'mcm khq cewc{hs shecybl{cbl [|j ~lL{jlmcbl{cm hblewl y{dyh`hmghbh{mh mlj ~l{jljlsc `l{lfwce|s|sbh{mgh W{hkqdm Ellw*c Whefcfclsc'mglm Qch Kl'cmGecbcl Mlq{lwc'ml lfwcc wlb`{hn------------------------------------------------- 0?

?> _c~hs'h |bhhm ~l ehbf wh{hnmghm odf|bh fh{bhmhm ^cbw*h{fl Jgnhh*c E|f|f* Jcbbcl L{q|{|j Fdm`{lsc'mcm Ellw*c Wljscbclsc cbl J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh ~l [h|n Kl'cm fdm`{lmcmcbf dw|{|j|mgh ehq{ k|b|mhohfbh{ ------------------------------------------------ 07

?0 Hmfh{h ^cbhlwc ghecbcmgl jcbb wlfcbhwbhmjh ccm s|khbh{ wh{h*nmghm y{dyh`hmgh hybg db|mghfc ehkl{bl{cm gd{| dbjhg"jbf jlj|{bh{m ~l ehbfm k| `ckc nhhbclwbl{glm |qhf g|{g|fbh{~l _c~hs'wh hybhm Wlfcbhw* Jcbbcl Fdm`{lsc'mgl khfhmbhJ|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm slcbgcc ---------------------------------------------------- 0 Ghjhg Nl{cg Yhh Efjlwc'mcm `{l~glm hbmjhsmm Ellw*cWljscbclol jljm|mclwbl fh{bhmg---------------------------------------- 3;

7;*0 Slmc efjlwcm jcbb `hlbl{ |{|mh eh{lflw lglolcmc hfbh*jhsmm jcbblw cbl efjlwc kc{blwc{gccml ghc{ J|swhnh FljhbYhh wh{hnmghm _hg{lw'l lfcblm wlb`{hn--------------------------------------- 3?


15/273

0

7;*5 Hmhgdb| ~l [|jlbc Jgnhh*c E|f|f Oljclwc Ellw*c Wlj*scbclsc'mcm jcbblw~lfcbc slcjbl{cbl cb`cbc dbh{hf ~cbhlwbl{lwlb`{hnbh{ lfjlsc" ehkl{bljlbl{l shms{ |`|bhjhs" hkhmo`hqlwlocbl{bl schs `{jlbl{ hyjhs" m`cbcqbl{ hblecmglml{chwwh k|b|mjhs ~l m`{blmglm nhqbh hsfl{ f|~~lw k|*b|mg|{jhsmm efjlwc qd{ g|{|jgh k{hfwmh ghc{ GhecbclMlq{lwc'mcm hqbh{ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 37

7;*3 Hjhsh'gh Khe{cl Mq{ _hbce Yhh" J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh"

[h|n ~l Klfc{ _hjc Klbl{ h{hsmgh e|g|wbh{ jlslblsc" `h{*cjsbcj |ms|{bh{" hkhmo sl{jhl" jcbblw~lfcbc slcjbl{c ~ljlobcscm Hmhgdb|'gh wdybhmjhs `ckc fdm|bh{gh hybhm `{*jlbl{cm qhkwmhjlsc ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 33

7;*89 Hmhgdb| ~l [|jlbc Jgnhh*c E|f|f Oljclwc'mcm jcbblw~lfcbcslcjbl{c" shms{" hkhmobh{bh schs `{jlbl{" m`cbcqbl{ hbl*ecmgl ml{chw ~l m`{blmglm nhqbh hsfl{ k|b|mg|{jhf `ckccflw fdm|s| dbhm e|s|sbh{gh efjlwc qd{ g|{|jgh k{hfh*ohf nhhbclwbl{gl k|b|mjhgmh ghc{ J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mmol~hk hqs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89;

7;*88 Khe{cl Mq{ _hbce Yhh cbl Ellw*c Wljscbcl h{hsmgh `{*blolf j|ew{hmm slcjbl{bl cb`cbc hbwmo jhgglscmgl hyb*jhs gmblm glccfbcf e|s|s|mgh J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mmgh ncf{cmcm sd{|bjhs --------------------------------------------------------------------- 89?

7;*8; wwceg ~l Wl{hff jlms|ybh{ ~l `h{*c jsbcjbl{cm slcjbl{lfhwby fhwbjhjhs e|s|s|mgh Eh{kcl Mlq{lwc'mglm Ellw*cWljscbcl'l lfcbjlf ql{l fhbljl hbmhm wlb`{hn ---------------------- 89

7;*87 Jlobcscm Hmhgdb|'gh wdybhmjhs ~l slcjbl{bl cb`cbc dbh{hf J|s*whnh Fljhb Yhh'mm Eh{kcl Mq{ Oljhb Yhh'h `mgl{gccol~hk wlb`{hn--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 895

7;*8< Jlobcs'cm Hmhgdb|'gh wdybhmjhsmm shfmohs fdm|s|mgh ef*jlwcm fh{h{mm flscm dbg||mh ghc{ Eh{kcl Mq{ Oljhb Yhhwh{hnmghm J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn ------------------------ 893


16/273

5

7;*8> Jlobcs'cm swhmk|b'gh wdybhmjhsmm shfmohbh{ ~l `h{*c js*bcjbl{cm slcjbl{l fhwbjhbh{ `ckc fdm|bh{gh J|swhnh FljhbYhh'mm Eh{kcl Mq{ Oljhb Yhh'h mgl{gcc wlb`{hn----------- 889

7;*80 Jlobcs'cm swhmk|b gmgh wdybhmjhsmm ghecb ~l eh{co shfm*ohbh{ fdm|s|mgh Eh{kcl Mlq{lwc'mglm Ellw*c Wljscbcl'l`mgl{cblm wlb`{hn -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88?

7;*85 Jcbb Jlobcs'cm wdybhmhoh l{c fhj|d|m|m klbc{bljlsc`l{lfwccml ghc{ J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh wh{hnmghm Eh{kcl Mq{Oljhb Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn-------------------------------------------------------- 887

7;*83 Jlobcs'cm swhmk|b gmgh wdybhmjhs cewcjhbc slklkcbl `h{*cjsbcjbl{cm slcjbl{l fhwbjhjhbh{mm gd|{hoh shfmohbh{~l wh{hgh jcbb wlfcbhwbh{ hgmh khq fccbl{cm efjlwcm cbl*{cml jghehbl lwjlscml lm`lb db|mjhs e|s|s|mgh Eh{kclMlq{lwc'mglm Ellw*c Wljscbcl'l lfcblm wlb`{hn ---------------------- 887

7;*;9 Wlfcbhw* Jcbbcl wh{hnmghm efjlwl eckc{ qhjhm jghehbllgcbjlgcc" `h{*c jsbcj |ms|{bh{m gheh jcbb wlfcbhwbhmjhkhbhjhghm mol slcjbl{l fhwbjhhohfbh{m cbhm lwwcfbl{c ehf*

fmgh J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'ghm Eh{kcl Mq{ Oljhb Yhh'hlfcblm wlb`{hn-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88

7;*;; _lcjbl{cm `~lmbl hybjhs" Jlobcs*c Jlksm'm swhmk|b'ghwdybhmjhs ~l Wlfcbhw* Jcbbcl'mcm efjlw cbl{cml fh{jh*jhs e|s|s|mgh Khf|jhmghmbf ^lfblwc wh{hnmghm J|swhnhFljhb Yhh'h `mgl{cblm wlb`{hn-------------------------------------------------- 880

7;*;? _hg{hqhj Hbc [qh Yhh'mm cswcnh lglolc sblmwcbl{cml hfbf`lwc{cbjlsc e|s|s|mgh J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh wh{hnmghm Eh{kclMq{ Oljhb Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn--------------------------------------------- 885

7;*;7 Ellw*c Wljscbcl'mcm efjlwcm cbl{cml jghehbl lwjljlsce|s|s|mgh Ellw*c Wljsbcl'l lfcblm wlb`{hn --------------------------- 883


17/273

3

7;*;< E{cswchmbh{m ohm `~lmbcfbl{cmcm shbhmjhs" Bdmg{h _|beFdmnl{hms'mgh cfc h{ efjlw `{mws ~l{cbjljlsc ~l h*khmo gl~blw wljscbocbl{cml lfcblm wlb`{hnbh{gh f|bbhmbhm sbkhgcffhw lgcbjlsc ccm efjlw wh{hnmghm Ellw*c Wljscbcl'llfcblm wlb`{hn-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 883

7;*;> S|mhmbbh{m _hbcebc'gl whh{{|qh `ljlbl{c ~l Eh{kcl mq{ cblL{fm* Eh{kcl*c \jjcl {lcscmcm glcwc{cbjlscmc cswllm m*`cbcqbl{cm swhmk|b cbl ehkl{bljlc flsjlbl{c g|{|j|mgh hsfl{

johglbll khbhmbhohmh ghc{ J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh wh{hnmghm_hg{lw'l lfcblm wlb`{hn ---------------------------------------------------------------- 8;9

7;*;0 Eh{kcl Mq{ Oljhb Yhh'mm fhkcmlglm lfcbjlsc ~l L{fm*Eh{kcl [lcsc Ol~hg Yhh'mm glcwc{cbjlsc fdm|s|mgh wcbnGl~blwbl{c wh{hnmghm ~l{cblm bwcjhwdj ql{cml whfcy lgcblmschslwbl cb`cbc dbh{hf swhmk|b Efjlwc wh{hnmghm Ellw*cWljscbcl'l lfcblm wlb`{hn ---------------------------------------------------------- 8;;

7;*;5 J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm Eh{kcl mq{ ~l L{fm* Eh{kcl{lcscmcm glcwc{cbjlsc fdm|s|mgh wcbn Gl~blwbl{c wh{hnmghm ~l*{cblm bwcjhwdj|m kc{ s|{lwcmcm flmgcscml `mgl{cbjlscmc whblylwwcc----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8;?

7;*;3 Eh{kcl mq{ ~l L{fm* Eh{kcl {lcscmcm glcwc{cbjlsc fdm|*s|mgh wcbn Gl~blwbl{c wh{hnmghm ~l{cblm bwcjhwdj|m J|swhnhFljhb Yhh' kcb`cblmgc{jlsc ccm Jcbblw~lfcbc Fh{h ^sn Kl'ldf|w|bg||------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8;7

7? Slmc f|{|bhm Hbc [qh Yhh Efjlwc cbl Wlfcbhw* Jcbbcl h{h*smgh whj kc{ ||j dbg||mh ghc{ J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh wh{hnm*ghm hmbhmhm klhmmhjl ------------------------------------------------------------- 8;7

77 Kb`lglfc jcbblw~lfcbc slcjbl{cmc j|ewljlblm F|~* Jcbbcl{lcsbl{cbl lsfc wwcehgbh{m fhqhmhohfbh{ e|s|s|mgh Fh{lsc

J|whsh{{nb'mghm Gecbcl Mlq{lwc'ml `mgl{cblm wlb`{hn--------- 8;0

7< Hmwly" \{nh ~l Jh{h'm N{hmsqbh{ wh{hnmghm c`hb lgcbjlsc g|*{|j|mgh Hmhgdb| ~l [|jlbc Jgnhh*c E|f|f Oljclwc ~l {lehbf wh{hnmghm cgglwbl y{dwlswdgh k|b|m|bhohmm wcbn Gl~blw*

bl{c jhfhjbh{mh cblwcbjlscml ghc{ J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'ghm

Eh{kcl Mlq{lwc'ml `mgl{cblm wlb`{hn--------------------8;5


18/273

89

7> Hghmh'ghfc N{hmsq d{g|s|m|m nhhbclwbl{c" Khbflsc{*@mlmjmwfhsmghfc Hmqh~|{ f|~~lwbl{c ~l hwhboh'gh S|mhm c`hbf|~~lwbl{cmcm w|w|j|mh ghc{ swhmk|b Ljmclw Jnlwwcbcc'mls|m|bhm {hyd{------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8;3

70 J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh wh{hnmghm Hfecsh{'h 8


19/273

88


20/273

8;

>? F|~* Jcbbcl jn{lqlbl{cmcm fhbg{bh{hf hbmqoh +Kc{cmoc ~lfcmoc F|~~l*c _l{l+ csjcbl cfc jn{lqlmcm k{hfbjhs ~ljhhbh{mm _lh{ Ahmgh{jh Fhm|m|'mh |`|m dbh{hf glm*jlsc--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8>8

>7 K|{sh ~l W{hkqdm'ghfc Gm* \jjcl shmgfbh{ jl~o|g|*mh ~l lj~b*c {cll J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh wh{hnwh{bh{moh lbfdm|bg||mh ghc{ Gm* \jjcl Fdjcsl{bcc'mglm hbmhmwlqfc{l ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8>;

>< swhmk|b cbl Hmfh{h Efjlwbl{cmcm hfmbhjhbh{m db|jb|fh{bhhm H~{|yh fhj|d|m|m gh kc{blwc{coc ~l jcbbclwc kc{fhkcml glccfbcc ehbcmgl W{fbl{cm _l~{ Hmwbhjhs'mm {l~cq*dm| fdm|s|mgh s{h{ lwjlscmglm lmgcl g|g||mh ghc{ [djhJhsbhehw`qh{ Nl{{|e Kl'glm E{cocl Mq{ _hnh Kl'l`mgl{cblm {hyd{ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8>7

>> Hmfh{h Efjlwc'mcm L{jlmcswhm ~l _d~lw Efjlwbl{c cbljmhslklwbl{c ~l W{f kc{bcfbl{cmcm _|{cl'gl N{hmsq hsfl{bl{c*bl hywfbh{ h{yjhbh{bh cb`cbc dbh{hfCbJlssh``l{d" Bl Jhwcm~lCb Wljyd `hqlwlbl{cmgl hmbhmhm hqbh{m [djh Jhsbhehw*`q{ Nl{{|e Kl wh{hnmghm whfgcj lgcbgcc -------------------------------- 8>0*8 Gecbcl Mq{ qqlw Yhh ~l h{fhghbh{mm Hmfh{h'h |bhwf*bh{-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8>0

>0*; _hg{hqhj Wl~ncf Yhh'mm Hmfh{h'gh k|b|mhm Gecbcl Mq{qqlw Yhh'ghm gm wh{cecmc kcbgc{jlscmc cswlgcc ------------------------ 8>0

>0*? _hg{hqhj Wl~ncf Yhh'mm Hmfh{h'gh k|b|mhm Gecbcl Mq{qqlw Yhh'ghm hyw `{jlbl{bl cb`cbc dbh{hf kcb`c whblkc--------- 8>0

>0*7 @{jlbl{bl cb`cbc kcb`c ~l{cbjljlsc H~{|yh'gh hmb d{|j*bh{h slkly dbg||mghm _hg{hqhj Wl~ncf Yhh'mm" Hmfh{h'ghk|b|mhm Gecbcl Mq{ qqlw Yhh'ghm kcb`c whblkc ---------------------- 8>5

>0*< Gecbcl Mq{ qqlw Yhh'mm hfmgh wdybhmhohf dbhm Bdmg{hFdmnl{hms'mh `w{blolf wlfbcnbl{cm klbc{blmlkcbjlsc ccm Hm*fh{h'ghfc jqhfl{lbl{cmc whjhjbhh{hf swhmk|b'h gmjlsc--------- 8>5

>0*> Hbljgh{ ~hy|{|mghm lsc{ lgcblm N{hmsq mlnl{bl{c jlslblscslklkcbl N{hmsh cbl cbcfcbl{cm kdq|bjhs Bdmg{h Fdmnl{hms'mhblewl lwfcbllkcblolcmglm lsc{ N{hmsqbh{m sl{klsw k{hfbjh*bh{ ccm _hg{lw'wlm J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn --------- 8>3


21/273

8?

>0*0 _l~{ Hmwbhjhs'mgh hybhohf gqlmbljlbl{ ccm Bdmg{h'gh h*ybjhs fh{h{bhw{bhm fdmnl{hmsh Dsjhmb glbl`lbl{cbl kl{hkl{Hmfh{h Efjlwc'mglm gl cfc wljscbocmcm fhwbjhs h{w fd|b*g||mghm klbc{blmlolf cfc fccmcm swhmk|b'h `mgl{cbjlsc e|s|*s|mgh _hg{lw'wlm J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn ------------ 8>3

>0*5 Bdmg{h Fdmnl{hms'mgh g|{|jbh{m `blmgc{jlf cswllm S|*mhmbbh{m kc{ fdbd{g|| qjc{'l ~l W{hfh'ghfc f|~~lwbl{cmc glHmhgdb|'h sl~f lwjlfwl dbg|fbh{ ----------------------------------------------- 809

>0*3 Bdmg{h Fdmnl{hms'mh W{fcl'mcm j|fhggl{hwm whcm lglkcbl*olf l`ml jl{ f|~~lw dbhm Hmfh{h'ghfc W{fcl Kf Jcb*blw Jlobcsc Efjlwc'mcm gh~lw lgcbjlsc `l{lfwccml ghc{ J|swh*nh Fljhb Yhh wh{hnmghm _hg{hqhj Wl~ncf Yhh'h lfcblmwlb`{hn -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 809

>0*89 Yhgche ^heglwwcm'cm W{fcl Kf Jcbblw Jlobcsc Efjl*wc'mcm jl{clwcmc whmgm {lsjlm cbhm lwjlsc ~l Bdmg{hFdmnl{hms'mh shglol W{fcl Kf Jcbblw Jlobcsc Efjlwcwljscbocbl{cmcm fhwbjhs `l{lfwccml ghc{ J|swhnh Fljhb Yhhwh{hnmghm _hg{hqhj Wl~ncf Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn --------------------- 808

>0*88 W{fcl Kf Jcbblw Jlobcsc Efjlwc'mcm Yhgche ^heglwwcmwh{hnmghm jl{clwcmcm whmmjhs" Jlobcs'cm Hmfh{h'gh hb*jhbh{mh gl~hj lwjlsc" swhmk|b'|m cgh{ g|{|j| ~l _hbwhmhwjlms|ybh{mm whescshwbh gcl{ jlj|{bh{m jhhbh{mh hcw kw*lmcm efjlwl whmqcjc e|s|sbh{mgh J|swhnh Fljhb Yhhwh{hnmghm _hg{hqhj Wl~ncf Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn --------------------- 80?

>0*8; Bdmg{h Fdmnl{hms'mh gh~lw lgcbjl lfbcbl cb`cbc wh{wjhbh{mkc{ flmh{h k{hfbh{hf wlsycw lgcblolf j|{heehsbh{m ~hfcw `lc*{cbjlfscqcm swhmk|b'h `mgl{cbjlsc ccm _hg{hqhj Wl~ncf Yhhwh{hnmghm W{fcl Kf Jcbblw Jlobcsc [lcsc J|swhnh FljhbYhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn ------------------------------------------------------------------- 807

>0*8? W{fcl Kf Jcbblw Jlobcsc wh{hnmghm fh{h{bhw{by |`|bhm*jhfwh dbhm Wlfcbhw* Lshscl Fhm|m|'m|m lshs jhgglbl{cblcb`cbc dbh{hf J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh wh{hnmghm Wl~ncf Yhh'h lfc*blm wlb`{hn -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80


22/273

87

>0*87 Bdm{h Fdmnl{hms'mh swhmk|b ~l Hmfh{h'mm cfc h{ ellwehbcmgl fhwbjhbh{ jljblflwcm fh{bh{mh hf{ dbhohmghmW{fcl Kf Jcbblw Jlobcsc Efjlwc'mcm Yhgche ^heglwwcmwh{hnmghm whmmjhs h{wbh jqhfl{lbl{l gl~hj lwjl cjfmk|b|mg||mh ghc{ Hmfh{h'gh k|b|mhm Hejlw qqlw Yhh wh{hnm*ghm _hg{lw'l lfcblm wlb`{hn---------------------------------------------------------- 800

>0*8< Bdmg{h Fdmnl{hms'mh fhwbhohf ellwcm flscmbcfbl W{fcl K*f Jcbblw Jlobcsc Efjlwc wh{hnmghm slcbcy swhmk|b Ef*

jlwc wh{hnmghm csl k| ellwl jh~c{bl{ whcm lgcblkcblolcmlghc{ o{h ^lfcbbl{c Ellwc [lcsc Nl~qc Yhh wh{hnmghm _hg{lw'llfcblm wlb`{hn-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 805

>0*8> Fhm|m* Lshs'glfc gqlmbljlbl{cm wcbn Gl~blwbl{c'mcm dmhm*ghm sdm{h hybhkcblolc ~l Bdmg{h Fdmnl{hms'mh fhwbhohfellwwl l{ hbhohf glbl`lbl{ ccm jqhfl{l lwjll qhjhm fhb*jhgmh ghc{ _hg{lw'wlm Hmfh{h'gh k|b|mhm Gecbcl Mq{Hejlw qqlw Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn ---------------------------------------------- 803

>0*80 Bdmg{h Fdmnl{hms'mh shglol W{fcl Kf Jcbblw JlobcscEfjlwc glbl`lbl{cmcm fhwbjhs ncf{cmcm fhk|b lgcbljllolc~l slcblolf glbl`lbl{cm kc{ hm mol swhmk|b'h `mgl{cbjlbl{cmlghc{ _hg{lw'wlm Hmfh{h'gh J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh ~l o{h ^lfcbbl{cEllwc [lcsc Nl~qc Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn ------------------------------------ 859

>0*85 S|mhmbbh{m Bdmg{h'h `cgcy y{dyh`hmghh khbhj dbjhbh{slklkcbl Hmfh{h Efjlwc'mcm gl glbl`lbl{cmc sll{lf eljlmswhmk|b'h `mgl{jlsc ~l N{hmsqbh{m whe{cy lglolfbl{cmc kcbgc{*gcfbl{c Hbljgh{ ^hy|{|'m|m gmjlscml cqcm ~l{cbjlsc e|s|s|m*gh _hg{lw'wlm J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'h lfcblm cfc wlb`{hn------------- 858

>0*83 Bdmg{h Fdmnl{hms molsc hblewl y{dyh`hmgh h{w{hm S|mhm*bbh{m Hmhgdb|'gh ghmjhm dbh{hf kc{ Hbjhm hsfl{ ellwcmcmk|b|mg|| ~l W{fcl'gl E{swchmbh{m fhwblgcbgcc db|mghfccggchbh{m wlfqck lgcbjlsc-`l{lfwcc fdm|s|mgh _hg{lw'wlmJ|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn ----------------------------------------- 85;

>0*;9 Bdmg{h Fdmnl{hms fh{h{bh{m lwfcbljlf cswllm S|mhmbbh{mHmhgdb|'gh shbg{h `llolfbl{c ~l Hmfh{h glbl`lbl{cmcm fdmnl*{hmsh hbmq fhk|b lgcbjllolfbl{cml ghc{ _hg{lw'wlm J|swhnhFljhb Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn ------------------------------------------------------- 85?


23/273

80*;8 Bdmg{h Fdmnl{hms'mgh Dsjhmb Gl~blwc blecmgl eh{lflw lwjlscj|ewljlb dbhm N{hmsq fhj|d|m| {lmocgl lwjljlf ccm Fcbcf*h'gh N{hmsqbh{h el{ w{b whh{{|qghm fhmbjhs `l{lfwcc--------- 85?

>0*;; Bdmg{h'gh hybhohf h{f Jlslblbl{c Fdmnl{hms'mm l{wlblmjl*scml cjfm dbjhg ~l Hmfh{h ellwcmcm swhmk|b ellwcmcmff kc{ yh{hs dbh{hf fhk|b lgcblolcml ghc{ swhmk|b m`cbwl{lJjlsscbbcc'mglm cnelm wlkbc db|mhm wlb`{hn --------------------------- 857

>0*;? swhmk|b ~l Hmfh{h ellwbl{cmcm Bdmg{h'ghfc fdmnl{hmsh kc{bcfwl

fhwbjhbh{mm `l{lfbc dbg|| ~l S|mhmbbh{m K|{sh oc~h{mhhsfl{ sl~f lwwcfbl{cml ghc{ shg{qhj ~lfcbcmglm J|swhnh FljhbYhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn ------------------------------------------------------------------- 850*;7 F|~* Jcbbcl hg hbwmgh Csw{hmoh ~l mlhgh wh{hnbh{mh `lbl*{lf W{hfh Oljclwc cbl jmhslklwc k|b|mjhg hmbhbhm cfckc{bccm Hmfh{h cbl khbhmwbh{mm db|y dbjhg ehffmgh kcb`c~l{cbjlsc e|s|s|mgh _hg{lw'wlm J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'h lfcblmwlb`{hn -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85>

>0*;< m`cbwl{l Efjlwc ~l wlklhsmh fh{ Hmfh{h Efjlwcmol|`|bhmhm eh{lflwbl{cm m`cbcq fhj|d|m| S|mhmbbh{ glswlfbl*jll sl~f lwwcc" wcbn Gl~blwbl{c'mcm Hmhgdb| shecbbl{cmc hkb|*fhh hbjhbh{mm sqfdm|s| dbg||---------------------------------------------- 85>

>0*;> Fhmg{h wh{hnbh{mh `mgl{cblm m`cbcq kc{bcfbl{cml F|~* Jcbbc*l wh{hnmghm hybhohf kc{ shbg{ sh~h slklkc shbhkcblolcm*glm lbcj sdm|bh{ gd|{hkcblolf gh~{hmbh{ghm fhmbjhse|s|s|mgh _hg{lw'wlm J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn----- 850

>0*;0 Shfmgh wdybhmhohf Bdmg{h _|be Fdmnl{hms'mh swhmk|b ~lHmfh{h glbl`lbl{cmcm kc{bcfwl fhwbjhbh{ |`|m dbhohmghmmljbc jhgglbl{cm wlsycw ~l jqhfl{lsc ccm kc{ fccmcm swhm*k|b'h `mgl{cbjlsc e|s|s|mgh _hg{hqhj Wl~ncf Yhh wh{hnmghmJ|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn ----------------------------------------- 853

>0*;5 Bdmg{h'ghfc _|be Fdmnl{hms'mh Kk* b ~l Hmfh{h glbl`lbl*{cmcm kc{bcfwl fhwbjhs ~l `{ hb~l{ccmgl k|b|mjhf ql{lwhcm lgcblolf kc{ fccmcm swhmk|b'h `lbjlsc ~lh Jlobcs*c ^fl*b hqhbh{mghm Qch Yhh'mm Hmfh{h'h `mgl{cbjlsc e|s|s|mghJlobcs*c ^flb wh{hnmghm W{fcl Kf Jcbblw JlobcscKhfhmb'mh lfcblm wlb`{hn --------------------------------------------------------- 839


24/273

8>

>0*;3 _|be Fdmnl{hms'mh Kk* b ~l Hmfh{h glbl`lbl{cmcm kc{bcfwlfhwbjhbh{mm |`|m dbhoh e|s|s|mgh lfwcc wlb`{hnh ~l{cblmol~hkm elmq flmgcscml |bhjhgmh ghc{ _hg{hqhj Wl~ncfYhh wh{hnmghm W{fcl Kf Jcbblw Jlobcsc Khfhmb'mhlfcblm wlb`{hn-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 838

>0*?9 80 Wl{cm*c L~~lb 8??5 wh{cebc wlb`{hnmh J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh wh*{hnmghm `mgl{cblm ol~hk wlb`{hnm _hg{hqhj Wl~ncf Yhh'h~l{cbjljl slklybl{c ~l _hg{hqhjm cswcnhsbh cb`cbc dbh{hf Hf*hj `hqlwlscmcm < Wl{cm*c _m 8??5 wh{cebc msehsmgh hmbh*mhm ehkl{bl{----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 838

>0*?8 80 Wl{cm*c L~~lb 8??5 wh{cebc wlb`{hnh ~l{jc dbg|| ol~hkm|bhjhjhs slklkcmc whefcf lwwc{lolcml ghc{ J|swhnh FljhbYhh wh{hnmghm Wl~ncf Yhh'h lfcblm wlb`{hn------------------------------ 83?

>5 J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm nhhbclwbl{c ehffmgh S|mhm Eh{lfwJl{flqc'ml |bhhm ehkl{bl{l ghc{ [djh Jhsbhehw`q{ Nl{{|eKl'glm E{cocl Mlq{lwc'ml `mgl{cblm whe{c{hw -------------------------- 83?

>3 J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh ~l bflmcm g|{|j| ehffmgh Khbfhm J|*ehkc{c ^hm O{|nn cjqhsbh Mcl|pl [dwwl{ghjsoel Od|{hmw`hqlwlscmgl ml{lgcblm cfc jhfhblmcm wl{ojlsc ---------------------------- 837

09 Fcbcfh Olyelsc'mgl hwjhbh{h sdm ~l{cbjlsc e|s|s|mgh N{hm*sh glbl`lbl{cbl J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh glbl`lbl{c h{hsmgh kc{ cwc*bnmhjl hfglgcbgccml ghc{ N{hmsh Nl~fhbgl Fdjcsl{c @lml{hbYl{bl'glm E{cocl Mlq{lwc'ml `mgl{cblm jlfw|k|m wl{ojlsc -- 830

08 +Fljhb'cm Ff Yh{cs'c+ ~l +J|swhnh hfc{+ khbfbh{bhHbb`l*jlcm Ehmglbskbhw `hqlwlscmgl @- Mylbs cjqhsbh hmbhmhmjhfhblbl{cm wl{ojlsc---------------------------------------------------------------------- 835

0; swcfbb Jh{'mm slcblm ~l fhk|b lgcblm `nwlsc ccm


25/273

80

0< Efjlwcm Hmfh{h'ghm Fhsl{c'l mhfbc e|s|s|mghfc fh{h{mh*jlmcm Jlobcs'wl fhk|b lgcbjljlsc ql{cml lmc kc{ fh{h{ hbmm*ohh fhgh{ nhhbclwbl{l Hmfh{h'gh gl~hj lgcblolc----------------------- ;97

0> Fcbcfh'ghfc hqmbfbh{m fd{|mjhs e|s|s|mgh J|swhnh FljhbYhh ~l h{fhghbh{mm hqhj `h{lwc sh{n lwwcfbl{c ------------------------ ;9>

00 Fcbcfh'ghfc E{cswchm hqmbfbh{ jlslblsc ehffmgh Klbcfh'mmJcbblwbl{ Oljclwc'ml hyw j{hohhwh ghc{ Kl{m _ln{lwc'mglm`mgl{cblm {hyd{ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;9>

05 Ohjc ~l shc{ l{bl{gl gcm bcjbl{cmol ~l{cblm ~hhqbh{gh F|{w|b|_h~h'mm kc{ ocehg dbg||m|m ehbfh hmbhwbjhs-------------------------- ;95

03 Jhbqljl ~l yh{h h{gj e|s|sbh{mgh [|sh ~l Hql{khohmslnc{bl{cbl d{whf fh{h{h ~h{bgmh ghc{ J|swhnh Fljhb Yhhwh{hnmghm Ellw*c ^lfcbl [cslwc'ml s|m|bhm {hyd{ --------------------- ;93

59 Yhshyd{wbh{ghfc +Mj* mj*c ehq{lw*c yhgche+ ckh{lscmcm+W{fcl Kf Jcbblw Jlobcsc mjmh+ dbh{hf glcwc{cbjlsc----- ;93

58 Kh{m shbhmjhs" Hmhgdb|'m|m whebclsc" fhycwbhsdmbh{"cjlmgcnl{ ~l jhglm cblwjlbl{cmgl hybhkcblolf hw{jbh{bhcb`cbc dbh{hf J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm" @lml{hb Wdpmselmg cblhyj dbg|| jbfhwh ghc{ o{h ^lfcbbl{c Ellwc [lcsc [h|nKl'l whfgcj lwwcc {hyd{ ----------------------------------------------------------------- ;89

5; Kf Whh{{|q sdm|o| Hmhgdb|'| c`hbglm f|{wh{hm W{fclKf Jcbblw Jlobcsc [lcsc Khf|jhmghm @hqc J|swhnh FljhbYhh'h efjlw lbl{cmcm cjqhbh{bh lfcblm wlk{cf wlb`{hn ---- ;8;

5? W{fcl Kf Jcbblw Jlobcsc [lcsc Khf|jhmghm @hqc J|swh*nh Fljhb Yhh'h Hmfh{h'gh hybhohf fh{bhjh w{lmcbl cb`cbcy{d`{hj -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;8?

57 J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh cbl Kf K{cwhmh Efjlwc h{hsmghfcjmhslklwbl{cm sl~cmgc{coc kc{ shnehh |bhw------------------------------ ;87

MGLF_------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;80

CC- KBJKLB@LBL[------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;?>


26/273

85


27/273

83

FC_HBWJHBH[

KOH Khkhfhmbf O|je|{clw H{c~c

KLD- J- Kk* b L~{hf Dghs Jwlml~~ch

KLD- _S_- Kk* b L~{hf Dghs _chsc

KLD- Kk* b L~{hf Dghs

KDH Khkhfhmbf Dsjhmb H{c~c

GE- L\J- HS- Ghecbcl Mlq{lwc Ljmclw*c \jjclJg{clwc Hshc Fhbljc

GE- L\J- __J- Ghecbcl Mlq{lwc Ljmclw*c \jjclJg{clwc _l{* _lnl{ Jg{clwc

GE- L\J- Ghecbcl Mlq{lwc Ljmclw*c \jjclJg{clwc

GE- \J- Ghecbcl Mlq{lwc gh{l*c \jjcl

GE- FJ_- Ghecbcl Mlq{lwc Fhblj*c Jhes|sJg{clwc

GE- N[- Ghecbcl Mlq{lwc cn{l Fhbljc

E[- _S_- Eh{cocl Mlq{lwc _chs Fsj

J^ Jlobcs*c ^flb Jhqkhwhbh{

Kfq- Khfmq

O- M|1 Ocbw m|jh{hs

fj- fcbdjlw{l

Md $ M|1 M|jh{h

_- M|1 _hnh m|jh{hs


28/273

;9

C- KBJ

KLB@LBL[M W[HM_F[Y_SDM^L

WL[OJLBL[


29/273

;8


30/273

;;

}} 88 }}

^lsfh _{lwc

Hmhnh{whbh{ @{|k| F|jhmghm L{fm* Eh{kcl Jc{hbh J|swhnhFljhb Kl _dnh'h hqjlw lglolcmglm j{{|mh jjmhhw db|mjhjhs~l ok lglm wlsebw ~l j|~lmlwcm ns qjmmgh ~lsfhg{-

N ;; Fmm* L~~lb slml V8Z??8

!!

lncf Lnlmgc

Hmhnh{whbh{ @{|k| F|jhmghm Fljhb Kl _dnh'h `cglolf- ^lsfhhqmq" ~l{cml ~l{cmcq---

%jqh#

L{fm* Eh{kcl Jc{hbh J|swhnh Fljhb Kl'cm _dnh'h hqjlwcmljshgl db|mg||m| jklcm ~lsfhg{-

KDH" GE- L\J- __J" ?$


31/273

;?

Ljcm'cm gl `qbl{cmglm yl{cq- cbl ojblwlm nclwglgc{- Kc{fh `mcswc{ehwglm sdm{h cmhbbe h~glw lgl{cj- Lj{cmcql j|mwhq{j-

N 8? |khw slml V8Z??;%Je{#

KDH" S- LL" 87;$;50

}} ?? }}

Kk* b

Gecbcl Mlq{lwccn{l Fhbljc

79

fcmoc D{g| F|jhmghm J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh Ehq{lwbl{c'ml

OVl~kZ- ; Jhs slml V8?Z??- Ehgh{ Kl'cm nhbclwc mlq{lwol glm* whfg{ `{bjg{- \{nh'gh wljg*c jlj{clwc seehwcmc cebblglolcml *`mgl{gcc cswcg ~l {hyd{ jmgl{cowbh* fhmhw esbdbg||mghm jmehb ~l cfbjc j|wlgcb dbhm Hgm'h whm lgcbjcgc{- qqlwKl ghec nhb kc{ jlj{ dbjhbh Ehgh{ Kl'cm whe~bcmglm |j{* bc~mmjwllssc{ dbjhhoh jlbeqg|{-

N ? Jhs slml V8?Z??Mq{ ^lfbc

O~cgKDH" GE- N[" 0>$;8

}} 77 }}

Kk* bGecbcl Mlq{lwccn{l Fhbljc

Jhe{loc1 Wlfl

;8 Wl{m*c L~~lb slml V8?Z?7

OVl~kZ- 80 Wl{m*c L~~lb slml V8?Z?7- J|ewl{lj J|swhnh FljhbYhh'mm _|{cl'gl g{* ls{lw dbg|| ehffmgh c ehkl{cm shee db|ydbjhgmm bwnlm c{m {co lbl{cj-

N 83 Wl{m*c L~~lb slml V8?Z?7J|whsh{{n

Nc{|qhm


32/273

;7

_hee dbjhgmh ~l Ehblk'gl d{g|s| khmgh k|b|mg||mh gc{ ol~kwhsw{c- Fhblj*c Jhess'h-

N ;8 jcme- VWl{m*c L~~lb 8??7Z

!!

Gecbcl Mlq{lwcFhblj*c Jhess Jg{clwc

;? Wl{m*c L~~lb slml V8Z??7cn{l

Mq{ Nlwec Kllnlmgc'glmHmwhbh J|whsh{{n Nc{|qhm Kl'l

OVl~kZ- 83 Wl{m*c L~~lb slml V8Z??7- J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh ehffm*ghfc ehkl{ gd{| glcbgc{- J{|m*cble Ehblk'gl d{g|s| khmghg{-

KDH" GE- FJ_" 73*8$7

}}


33/273

;

Gl~blw*c DsjhmclWlb`{hn ~l Ydswh ~l Wlblndm Mlq{lwc

Jhe{loc1 _hjs|mM|jh{h1 89;3

W{e1 ;9$


35/273

;0

}} 00 }}

L{fm* Eh{kcl*c \jjcl Gc{lsc|kl1 8

M|jh{h1 ;>39>$$8*09T0

!!

Dsjhmb D{g|* Ejm|Khf|jhmghmb ^lfblwc

_{lw

Gdf|q|mo| D{g| Fwhw Jnlwwcbcc'ml ~l{cblolf whbjw s{lwcgc{-

Gdf|q|mo| D{g| Jnlwwcbcc'ml cg ~lqcn hbmq hsfl{ dbjhyjnlwwcbccm cewc~ lblgcc jmwfh gecbcmgl hm qhjmgh gh jbfgc{-

8*k| jwl{lf ~lqcn|mbh{g{1

h*Jmwfhgh sc*c gecbmcm cgl ~l cswcf{{ ~l k| scscqbccm

lskk* e|gs|m|m wlskwc-k*Jmwfhgh wlgl kl{cgl jwlnl{{cf kc{ ebgl jl~ogclwcmglm khe*

slgcblm lsbceh ~l olkemlmcm kc{ hm l~~lb wdybhwg{bh{hf jmsckglydbh{h cggce{ ~l j|enhqh hbwmh hbmjhs-

o*J|ewlbcn jhehbbl{gl kc{ whfj {bh{ jl~og dbg|| ~l k|mbh{mhsfl{ wdybhjhfgh k|b|mg|| ~l `h{*c {lsj kc{ s{lwgl d{g|m|mk|mbh{ ecjl lblgcc cggc db|m|d{- Kbl {bh{ jl~og db|ygh hsfl{ wdyb|d{" scbe wl~q lgcd{ ~l d{g| cbl gl jmslklwgl


36/273

;5

k|b|m|d{bh{sh fhwclm jlmcbl k| fhkb jwllffcb {bh{m ghbh~-

;*K|m|m ccm1

h*fc n{fhb dbhm mo ~l g{w n{fhb dbhm Dmklcmoc Fdbd{g|bh{jnlwwcbcf lj{cml ~l{cbjcgc{- k| fdbd{g|bh{ eh{lfw ~l sce|sswmgh gd{|ghm gd{|h jnlwwcbcl ~l j|jlbw* o{clhmc j|jlbw* qwcl ~l f|~~l*c |jjcl ~lsc{l `ckc e|s*swgh flj nc's*skf Eh{kcl Mlq{lwc'bl j|ekl{l lglolfbl{gc{-

N{fh ~lhe|g jmwfh f|jhmghmb ~lh kc{ ~hqnl*c e|sscllwhm lgcblolf qkcwmm whm ~l wlkgbbl{c jnlwwcbccm cmqcjj*j|~nhfhwc ~lh whblkcbl dbhohfg{- Jhh*eq shc{ e|sswohbqj ~l jlmnhhw `{l{lf jnlwwcbccm ~l{gcc whbjhw fdbd{g|f|jhmghmbfbh{ hmlm whwkf lglolfbl{gc{- Kcbessh he~b*c seeclylf jecjgc{- K| qljmglfc VwlgffwZ ~l co{wm hebcl glwljbc bqjg{-

k*Jnlwwcbcf jmwfhs W{hkqdm" L{q|{|j" _c~hs" ^hm ~cblwbl{cblL{qcmohm ~l Ohmcf jswhfcb bc~bh{m cewc~ lblgccmglm jnlwwc*

bccm |fh{gh whgg lgcblm ~lqcnc wlg~{ ccm ~l{lolc kc'b*ojblwhbjw ck| ~cblwbl{bl j|whsh{{nbfbh{ gd{|ghm gd{|h nlglolfbl{gc{-

?*Jnlwwcbcf e|gg|mh jo~c{ ~cbw ~l lb~cl*c jswhfcbbl %Gch{*khf{" Kcwbcs" Jhj|{lwbhqcq" Hmfh{h" Fhswhjdm| ~cblwbl{c# cbl fdbd{g|f|jhmghmbfbh{ gh jnlwwcbccm n* ~hqnl s{hsmgh {lslm ~fc dbhohfj{ohhwbh{m mhqh{* gcffhwl hbhohfbh{g{-

7*Jnlwwcbccm e|ssw* hsfl{cll cg jl{occ Eh{kcl Mlq{lwcdbjhfbh kl{hkl{ e|ssw* sc{l ccm jhfjw* bcl*c cglscbl j|ekl{llglolf ~l ck| j|ekl{lglm Eh{kcl Mlq{lwc'ml gl jhbjw ~l{lolfgc{-

Eh{kcl Mq{fc{

KDH" GE- \J" 83*>$8*09T;

!!


37/273

;3

L{fm* Eh{kcl*c \jjcl Gc{lsc|kl1 8

M|jh{h1 ;087

Gecbcl Mlq{lw*c Olbblsc'ml

Gl~blwb lnlmgcj ehq{lwbl{cHe{lm Gdf|q|mo| D{g| Fwhw Jnlwwcbcc'ml whm k||{|bhm

Jc{bc~ J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh ehq{lwbl{cmcm s{lw*c whm ~l ~hqnl ~lshbeclwcml gc{ j{|m*cblel ~l{cblm lj{ ~l whbjw s{lwbl{c whfgj*c

e|q{* gl~blwbl{c fbmg- K| whbjw jolkcmol ocelw*c jbfclglm oklglmbl{l l~jc{*c gl~blwbl{cmcm wls{*c sg{m h{q ~l cswc{ej lbl{cj- Dbkkgh lj{ nl{jm ehq{lw*c jlm ble'b*lj{cmgc{-

N 0 Jhs slml V8Z??< $ N 0 hkm slml V8Z??0

Eh{kcl Mq{klmglfc{

KDH" GE- \J" 83*>$8*09T$>?< ~l 85 Jhs slml V8?Z?< w{ebc wlqfc{l*c gl~blwbl{col~kg{-

Fhsl{c ~l Jh{h jswhfcb j|whsh{{nbfbh{ Gdf|q|mo| D{g| FwhwJnlwwcbcf jmwfhsmh oc~{ ~l jmslklwg{ k|b|mg|fbh{mghm jlqf{bc~bh{h gh wh{hn* gl~blwbl{cmglm wlkb`w n k||{|bjhs j|~nf dbhohjwbhhsmgh k|b|mg||j| h{qlgl{cj- Db kkgh lj{ nl{jm ehq{lw*cjlm*ble'b*lj{cmgc{-

N ;9 hkm slml V8Z??0 ~l n ;8 Jhs slml V8Z??$8*09T7

!!!Kk* b

Gecbcl Mlq{lwcg{l*c \jjcl*c Gecbcl Jg{clwc

\jj1 8587>Jswholbcn{l

Fhsl{c ~l Jh{h J|whsh{{nbfbh{'mh

Gdf|q|mo| D{g| Fwhw Jnlwwcbcc'ml whm db|mhm J|swhnh FljhbYhh'mm Jlobcs*c ^flboh fhbljl hbmhm whbjwmjl jolkcmol ~lqcnc

hbmq hsfl{ dbjhy jnlwwcbccm cewc~ lblgcc jmwfh gecbcmgl k|b|mhmW{hkqdm" L{q|{|j" _c~hs" ^hm ~cblwbl{cbl L{qcmohm ~l Ohmcf bc~bh{mghhm qhjmgh gh jbf jeclwc ecq dbg|| ~l lq*ojbl1

8*Jmwfhgh sc*c gecbmcm cgl ~l cswcf{{ ~l k| scscqbccmlskk* e|gs|m|m wlskwc-

;*Jmwfhgh wlgl kl{cgl jwlnl{{cf kc{ ebgl jl~ogclwcmglm khe*slgcblm lsbceh ~l olkemlmcm kc{ hm l~~lb wdybhwg{bh{hf jmsck glydbh{hcggce{ ~l j|enhqh hbwmh hbmjhs-


41/273

??

?*J|ewlbcn jhehbbl{gl kc{ whfj {bh{ jl~og dbg|| ~l k|mbh{mhsfl{ wdybhjhfgh k|b|mg|| ~l `h{*c {lsj s{lwgl d{g|m|m k|mbh{ecjl lblgcc cggc db|mg||mghm kbl {bh{ jl~og db|y gh hsfl{wdyb|d{ ~l scbe wl~q lgcd{ ~l d{g| cbl gl jmslklwgl k|b|m|d{bh{ cslfhwclm jlmc cbl k| fhkb jwllffcb {bh{m gh bh~-

Kcbessh he~b*c seecl ehffmghfc co{wm hebcl gl wljbc~lqcn*c jlqf{l ojblscmglm k|b|mg|| `ckc jnlwwcbcf e|gg|mhjo~c{ dbhm ~cbw ~l lb~clol gl jnlwwcbccm n* ~hqnl s{hsmgh{lslm ~fc dbhohf j{ohhwbh{mm mhqh{* gcffhwl hbmjhs sbcn'q*qcf{

whbjwmjlgl j|sh{{he k|b|mjhsmh mhqh{hm jolkcmol j|jlbl nswlkb db|m|{-

;< Jhs slml V8Z??3$59

Gdf|q|mo| D{g| Fwhw Jnlwwcc Jc{bc~ J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'h

OVl~kZ- ;? Jhs slml V8Z??


44/273

?>

!!!

Jlobcs*c flbJqfl{wmh Jhess Qhkwmjl

_{h M|jh{hs1 ;75W{ec1 ;0 hkm slml 8??0

;5 Jhs slml 8??0? m|jh{hb wlqfc*{lsc df|mg|-


53/273

7$>

!!!Gc{l*c _hg{lw

\j{* Jecjjl FhbljcL~{f M|jh{hs1 ;>5Fhblj M|jh{hs1 ?8?

W{e1 ; [hjhqhm slml V8Z??08 Ehqc{hm slml V8Z??0? m|jh{hb wlqfc{l*c hbclbl{c Jlobcs*c ^flb'gh blgl'b*f{lqcf{db|mhm jlkbhm wl{wk*c jlqf{ghm wls~clsc e|ss|m|m JbclMlq{lw*c Hbclsc'ml c{ wlqlff{ fbmj ~l mlq{lw*c j{|m*cblehwlkb*c flnclw lgcbjcgc{" lnlmgcj-

KDH" KLD- J- ?7?;88T?

}} 88?? }}L{fm* Eh{kcl*c \jjcl Gc{lsc

|kl1 8M|jh{h1 ??5?

! Jbcl'l1 Eh{kcl Mlq{lw*c Hbclsc'mglm ~{cg dbhm wlqfc{l Jlobcs*c ^flb'ghblgl'b*f{l qcf{db|mhm jlkbhm wl{wk*c jlqf{ghm wls~clsc e|ss|m|m wh{hn* ~b*bh{mh c{ wlqlff{ fbmj dbjhbh n* j|fwlqsmh ecjjlw-


54/273

7>

Eh{kcl Mq{ l~flw W|{`|g Yhhwh{hnmghm E{cocl Mlq{lw*c Olbblsc Omck*c bsc'ml

Jh{q* fl{*c fljmlbl{cgc{ fc

; Ehqc{hm slml V8Z??< w{e ~l ?;30 m|jh{hb wlqfc{l*c ocql qlbgc{1

m`cbcq jjlsscbcmcm Kk* b'l whfgj lgcy mlq{lw*c ocql gleh~bl db|mhm mdwhs ql{cml kl{* cswqe Gdf|q|mo| D{g| FwhwJnlwwcbcc'ml flgl lgcblm cn{ll ol~klm jl~{g wlb`{hnmjl s{lwchmlm whfgj*c e|q{* nhejmlbl{c fbmg- Db kkgh lj{ nl{jm ehq{lw*c

~lbc'b*lj{cmgc{-N 5 [hjhqhm slml V8Z??0 ~l n 0 Ehqc{hm slml V8Z??9>$;T7

!!

L{fm* Eh{kcl*c\jjcl Gc{lsc

|kl1 8

_{lw

Eh~qh'ghm Eh{kcl Mlq{lwc'ml jl~{gcn{lgc{-

OVl~kZ- ; Ehqc{hm slml V8?Z?< cn{llgc{- _c~hs ~l oc~{mgh l~~lbolk|b|mhm L{jlmcbl{c ~l kcbec{l `lblm jbwlocbl{c wlegg lglolf eckc{ egcsldbjhjg{- Ml _c~hs'gh ~l ml gl oc~{mgh g*c lmgcl eckc{ eb dfw|{-El{fls sfcwml c ~l `bl{cbl jl`bg{- K|m| s{lw*c fhwclgl h{q ~lwljm lgl{cj- Kcmlm*hble m`cbcq mdwhsmghfc cswcek{w jlmkhmm mldbg|| ocqbl{cmol kcbcmjlf bqjg{- qjc{'cm ~l Jhmcsh'mm c`bc ehkl{*cjlsscnc ql{cml hebc*c sbjclol hybhm ~l hms{* E{cswchmclehffmgh eckc{ ncf{*c e|sjlw whqhjj|m lwjllm cowcjbh{ghm klbfc khq*bh{m kdqjhbh{ ~{cg*c ew{g{- wcbn Gl~blwbl{c jcbblwcjcqcm e|ff ~l

cswcfbbcml {clwf{ fhbgfoh ~l jcbblw gl~blwcm whjj*c jhsmclwcmglmljm k|b|mg|foh hms{* `h{*c jsbcjlmcm g{* ehlw dbjhsmm eckc{slklkc dfg|{ ~l k| kkgh gl~blwl fh{ el{ w{b e|ffbh{m whheeg ~lk|mh whjjbh ljmclw k||{|bjhsm cswc{ej lbl{cj- Nhfhw cswcfbb ~ljl~ogclw*c jcbbclc cje ~l klf* ehw wlebcfll sb lglm c`b fhsg~l whhgg `ckc qjc{ eh~bscmgl `{bjlfgl dbhm ncbcwm q|e{w*jjscblscml fh{ ml ehbfm ellom ~l wls{w* ~cogmclsc ~l ml gl k|mhjswlmcg wlqe{w* jcbbclc jlm ~l wl~fn ccm mlnscjgl ~l ec fcjslgl


55/273

70

f|g{lw ~l wfhw `{ljllolcj `ckc k| qglm whehggs lglolf ~lfc ~legcsw fh{smgh jlsbclw fhk|b lglkcblolf ml f|jhmghm ~l ml gljbfcl jlj{| ~l ml gl efjlw whsh~~|{ lgl{cj-

N ? Ehqc{hm slml V8?Z?9>$;T?

}} 8877 }}

Kk* bGecbcl Mlq{lwccn{l Fhbljc

Jhe{loc1 Hmfh{hcn{l Wlb`{hnmjl

? Ehqc{hm slml V8?Z?9>$;T3" 89

!!!Kk* b

E{cocl Mlq{lwc\jj1 8>>?>

E|ss1 ;


63/273


64/273

{|j- K| jheq|{" Dsjhmb D{g|s|'m|m shsmm | hmgh dbg|| `ckc klbc{`cmkc{ lfcbgl hqhbwbjhj dbg|| g|{|jgh kcbl" ~h{ dbj| dbhohfw-

K|m|mbh kc{bcfwl" flmgcbl{cml ~l{cblm s{lfbc ~l flscm ljc{bl{l |`|mdbh{hf sq fdm|s| ~cbhlwbl{glfc Dsjhmb lwfcbcbl{c6 ml j|wb| fc kdq|bj|dbh{hf gll{blmgc{cbljllolf dbhm `~lmbcc shbhjhf hjhobh wjcjfmbh{m sh{nlwjlfwlgc{bl{-

K| e|s|swh" kc{ glnh gheh gcffhwcmcqc ydbcwcf whe{cf gl{mlfbl{cmcm khqgcm f|{|b|bh{m mobmgl ~l h{gjbh fh{`hh h{hwjhh `h{lw lwwcf*bl{c ~l Jsbjhm ehbf whe{cf ~l nflblmgc{l{lf j|fhklblgl k|b|mjhh ~l

h{bh mlbjll qd{bhgfbh{ ~hfhsmh ocggc kc{ lfcbgl lfjlf cswl{cj-L~~lbol klbc{wjlf n{shwm k|bg||j `ckc whfcy lwwcfbl{c hjh cf{g{-Kbl gh~{hmh{hf W{f ehbfm ff g{jlf ~l {lqcb lwjlf" efjlwcm`{l~cmc l{cml `lwc{jlfwlm hocq dbg||m| `swl{jlf ~l S|mhm elglnbl{cmc~l h{ cswlfbl{cmc `l{lfblwc{jlf h{q|s|mghg{bh{-

Kcwc{jlglm mol" cmshmbh{ shfcmblwc{jlmcm ~l sfmlwcm efj s{*jlscmc shbhjhmm lm lwfcbc h{homm" Dsjhmb Efjlwc'mcm ~l W{f |b|s|*m|m lm wh{wjhsq ehfbh{mh sh` `swl{jlglm S|mhm kc{bcfbl{cmc Hmhgd*b|'gh c`hb lwwcfbl{c wdy{hfbh{ghm" whebcll qd{bhjhf ~l S|mhm kc{bcfbl{cmcmh{gjbh k| lwlbl{cm cblgcfbl{c lm ~hec ocmhlwbl{l sdm ~l{jlf dbg||m|~|{`|bhjhf cswl{cj-

KDH" E[- _S_" ;>9>$;T88" 8;

!!!

Kk* bE{cocl Mlq{lwc89 Wljj|q 8383

[lcg Kl'glmN{hmsh O|je|{clwc Sfslf Fdjcsl{bcc _chs Ghmjhm J- Blgd|u'h

mo Fdbd{g| Jnlwwcc J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh" gl{ehb swhmk|b'h gm*jlsc e|s|s|mgh ~l{cblm whbcjhwh |jhgmghm c{hgl cbl `{l~cmglm hbm*

jw{- H{wf el{ehm`c {lsj kc{ snhw dfw|{- K| g|{|j sq fdm|s| kb`lmcmsc~cb ~l hsfl{ jhfhjbh{mm kcb`cscml s|m|bj|w|{- Gcl{ wh{hnwhm" E{coclmq{ ~lfcbc k| e|s|swh Kk* b mlqgcmgl {lsj wllkkswl k|b|mhm m`cb*wl{l fslf fdjcsl{cml k|`m kc{ mdwh `mgl{jcwc{-

E{cocl Mq{ Lfslbhms _hnh Kl'glm hbgj whbcjhw ql{cml |fh{*ghfc fdm|gh scqc kcb`cblmgc{c{ ~l k|m|m Lfslbhms Gln{hmol'm kcb`cscml s|m|b*jhsm {coh lgl{cj-

Lm gl{cm sh`bh{jm fhk|bm {coh lgl{cj-


65/273

95$>T$8T?;" ??

}} 88>> }}

Dsjhmb D{g|* Ejm|Khf|jhmghmb ^lfblwc

Holblgc{

_{lw

Eh~qh'ghm Eh{kcl Mlq{lwc'ml jl~{gcn{lgc{

_hjs|m Fh~hf db| ql{cmgl ~l _hjs|m'ghm whf{klm dw|q fcbdjlw{ljlsnlgl Jl{qcndm'ghm h~glw lglm m`cbcq Sqkhs E{sw ~l jslbbhejhclwc ln{gmm lf wh{hnmghm sd|bg|| kcbgc{cbjcgc{- Kl{*whfk _hjs|m ~l Fh~hf'ghm jn{lqlbl{ sl~f db|mg| ~l fdbd{g| f|jhmghm*mm ghec kcqqw jhehbb*c ~hfhh eh{lflw lwgcc jh{qg|{-

8;$>$V8?Z? Ehqc{hm slml V8Z??


72/273

>7

}} ;;99 }}

Gl~blw*c DsjhmclYdswh ~l Wlb`{hn ~l

Wlblndm Mlq{lwcJhe{loc1 H{mcs

Wle{c ocqgc{

Gecbcl Mlq{lwc'mlK|`mf wlb`{hnmjl becfsg{- Wlbscqbl J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'hhqgj wlb`{hnmjl s{lwc kl{*~loe*c q{ h{qdb|m|{-

5 Wljj|q slml V8?Z?7$^T5

!!!

Kk* b

Gecbcl Mlq{lwcFhblj*c Jhess

>97;cn{l

H{mcs'gl ^hm ^cblwc'ml

OVl~kZ- 5 Wljj|q slml V8Z??


73/273

> Wljj|q slml V8?Z?> }}

Kk* bcGecbcl Mlq{lwcFhblj*c Jhess

0893\jj1 39$?

cn{l

Lgc{ml ^cblwc'ml Lsfclec{ J|whsh{{nb'mhHmfh{h + L{qcmohm +Kcwbcs + lb +Eg~lmgc`{ + qjcw +Gch{khf{ + Kdb| +_c~hs + Wlfl +W{hkqdm + Ohmcf +Fhswhjdm| + hwhboh +Fdmh + Fh{hecs{* _eck %Hndm# +Jhj|{lwbhqcq + Fh{lsc +

^hm + Fhbh*c _|bwhmcl +Fhsl{c +Fwheh +Jh{h +Jlmwll +Mcgl +

mo D{g| Jnlwwc*c skf J|swhnh Fljhb Kl cbl Khe{clMq{* lskhf [h|n Kl'cm L{q|{|j'gh +Jcbb Fdm`{l+ mjbh khq


83/273

0

}} ;;55 }}

_hgh{lw*c \qjJlfwk Fhbljc

< Qcbfhgl slml V8Z??0


88/273

59

? H|swds slml V8Z??T3

!!!Kk* b

Gecbcl Mlq{lwcFhblj*c Jhess

0800\jj1 30$?>0

cn{lJswholbgc{

Lgc{ml ^cblwc'ml Lsfclec{ J|whsh{{nb'mhEg~lmgc`{ + lb +Gch{khf{ + qjcw +Fhswhjdm| + Kdb| +Fdmh + Wlfl +

Ohmcf +hwhboh +Fh{hecs{* _eck %Hndm# +Fh{lsc +


91/273

5?

Fhbh*c _|bwhmcl +Fhsl{c +Fwheh +Jlmwll +Mcgl +

J|swhnh Fljhb ~l [h|n Klbl{'cm efjlwcm j|fh{{l{w ~l wlkb`wmhj|ebcn eh{lfw ~l whe{fwgh gl~j ~l s{{ lwjlfgl dbg|fbh{ cjqhbh{hbwmgh ml{lwgcfbl{c klmmjlbl{bl ~|f k|bhm c{wghm hmbhbjhsmhkcmlm eljlm gl{glsw lgcbl{lf Gl{shglw'l jhenqlm cqjbh{ Jlobcs*c

^flb fh{{bh wlkb db|m|{- Eh{kcl Mlq{lwc'mglm gl f|jhmghmbfbh{hwlkb`w n db|mj|g|{-

N ?9 Wljj|q slml V8?Z?W{e1 89$5$V8?Z?

!!!

Gl~blw*c Hbcl*c Dsjhmcl Wlb`{hng{lsc

Wlb`{hnmjlJhe{loc1 qjcwM|jh{hs1 0


108/273

899

N ?9 Lbb slml V8?Z?7$^T;0

}} 77;;**88 }}

Gl~blw*c DsjhmclYdswh ~l Wlb`{hn ~l Wlblndm Mlq{lwc

Wlb`{hnmjlJhe{loc1 _c~hs

Nlejlwb Gl~blwb _hg{* hqhj Hbc [qh Yhh Ehq{lwbl{c'ml

Jcbblw cjgcl fhgh{ {ls*c f{mh `llmbl{cm Fmm* Lss'l ~ljb*c jcbbcll jmn eh{lfw* jhbjlscmglm jwllssc{lm e|ff*jl{hsm whmwjhf ~l j|fhggl{wm ljm ~l lecb lbbl{cmgl `{jlf fh{{*fhwscmc ~l{jc ~l bqj `lblm wllkksw* hqj*f{mll wl~lssb lbljc*gc{- Wlfbw* j|mwhqhjhh wkc F|~* Jcbbcl c{gl*c fhwcl*c jcbblwckc*cmlwcbbec Fl{j whjjlm cqe{ ~l cskw lwjlf f|g{lwcmc ce{q

lbljcgc{- Jcbblw f|~~lw ~l c{glscmc eckc{ ~hfcw jb*c j|fhgglsl*cemll j|`c{ ~l jlmnc*c jbf ~l jcbblwl jkcm kc{ wh{qgh sh{nlwjlf mclw*c `h{*c jhfblscmgl glcbgc{- Jcbblw qw* hfgls*c Ecbnlw*ylme'mcm jhqeh{* ljm cwcjg dbhm qw* nhejlw*ylmebl{cbl {nl*f* fc{jmq jfcb ~hqclwgl k{hfjhfghm fhwclm jwl~hff db|ykcbhfcs whjjlm jqec{ dbjhh kwm shjjclwbl ehq{g{- HmohfEllw*c ^flb jcmmgh Nl{cg Yhh cbl wl{f*c nhbclw lbljc mqq{mjl~ogclwc ellw*c olbblbl{cmcm mdfwh*c mhqh{bh{bh jb*c jcbbclmcmgl{lol*c j|wkhfhwm fljb*c e|bs cbl hmbhjhf jlok{clwc esb dbj|g|{-Jcbblwol ljmclw*c wjjl whehss|b lwjlgcfol hwbj dbhm ehw~l*c shbem!wl~fnc ~l h{j wlgk{bl{bl cfwcn db|mjhs jcbblwbl ellwc* olbblbl{ch{hsmgh s*c wlnleejw jock dbhkcblolcmglm `h{*c ocq `{bjlfglgc{-Kcmlm*hble ellwcjcqcm fhw ~l sh{e dbh{hf qw* sj*c _hg{lw*ylmebl{c'mglm kl{*~loe*c w e|sswm efjlw*c olgglol whs~k ~l fhk|blgcbcy lgcbjllolcmc fljb*c e{jlwbl hmbhjh ~loklglm hgglgl{-

8*Efjlw*c olgglVmcmZ L{q|{|j ~l _c~hs fdm`{lbl{cmgl whm ~lwlskw lgcblm wlfbw ~l jhfsg* jl{h*c jcbblwl {clwf{ fhbjhs-

!Jlwmcm d{cacmhbcmgl +scbem+ lfbcmglgc{-


109/273

898

;*Jlobcs*c Jcbb'mcm cmcfgbh j|{fhkl*c ncbcl khbhmohh fhgh{j|fhggl{w* jcbblw ehffmgh kc{ `m whheeg*c fhw ~l {lsjl`c{cbjljlsc-

?*_|be Fdmnl{hms'mgh whm*c j|fhggl{w* jcbblw ~l jljblflwljlj{ dbhohf j|{heehsbh{m skf `ckc m*lecbbl{glm whm lgcbjlcyjcbblwcm kc*ehffm jbcmc jg{cf ~l cwcjgmh jhqeh{ leb*c ~|fn ~lcfwcg{ghm cmwcek k||{|bjhs- K| lsswgh whjjlm cwcbn esb dbg||whfg{gl jcbblwcm ~cogmmghm gdj| ~l kc'b*ojbl G~lb*c wcbncloljl{clwc ~l f|g{lwc whmmj dbhm Wlfbw* Jcbbcljcqcm jqec{c

dbhoh ~l k| s{lwbl efjlwcm wljm*c j|fhggl{w* jcbblw ~l jljblflwe|ss|mgh _|be Fdmnl{hms'mgh ~|f k|bhohf wllkkswmm gheh ljm ~ljlssc{ k|b|mhoh whkgc{- Kc{ glnh k| m|fw* lssclgl j|wkhfhw esbdbg|| hmbhbgfghm sdm{h egcsw* he{l slklkcbl esb dbhm he~b*c `h{*cwhkclmcm cqblsc jhfshgbh khq jh{qw* wbclgl k|b|mjhfbjqhjshgl*c _hg{lw*ylmebl{c cswc{ej db|mhohfg{-

V? Wl{m*c L~~lb 8??


110/273

89;

}} 77;;**;; }}

Wlb`{hnJswholbgc{

_c~hs'gh Jgnhh*c E|ff Oljclwc Ellw*c Jjlsscblsc'ml

OVl~kZ- ; Wl{m*c L~~lb slml V8Z??


111/273

89?

_{lw

\jj Fdm`{l Klmmjlsc

Kwm jcbblwol jhbj dbhm jlebcf*c e{cocl ~l gecbclmcm wl~bglwjc dbg|| cmwcke* jcbbglm gdhm fdm`{ljcq j|fh{{l{w* wclc cwwceqlwjcgc{1

8*Gl~blw*c Hbcl*c Dsjhmcl cbl G~lb*c wcbncl h{hsmgh jmhfcgJw{lflmjl'mcm cjqh db|mg|| ?9 Wl{m*c L~~lb slml V8Z??7 w{ecmglfce|gg|j|q gecbcmgl fhbhm ~l el{ mdfwhs sbj lfsl{clw*c fec{lscbl

jlsfm dbhm Jljbcf*c Dsjhmcl hfsj lfgcl{cmglm ~l ojch*c Dsjh*mcl'glm `h{*c fkcb*c wlolqq ~l eckc{ slklkbl cnwc{f lwjlq kc{ fb wlfblgl{- Jljbcf*c jlqf{lgl hhhm kc'b*ojbl hms{* sbjcl lfgcl{cmlfh{ e{jlw*c jwlfkcbl ~l nlgf{bf ecsscwbh jlem ~l e|ff*{fl ~l cowcjclbl{cbl l{cw*c j|ewclbl{cml whjjbh {clwf{ qfh{gg{bh{-

;*Ojch*c Dsjhmcl'mcm whjjclwc ~l cswcfbb*c jcbbjcqcm wljmc~l jhfj* j|hbb* Ecbnlw ~l _hbwhmhw'm jhsmclwc ccm F|~*Jcbbcl'c jcb ~l c{gl*c jcbbclc efcj fbjhf lss* fhwgc{-

?*Jljbcf*c Dsjhmcl'mcm el{ehm`c kc{ oqml fh{ ~fc dbhohfjgehbl ~l c`b ~l kcbessh ~hwhmjq gecbcmgl jswhfcb kc{l{ [|jb|f ~l

L{jlmcbcf wlfbc `lscml jhwn eh{lfwh fh{ Hgm" Jhmcsh" Khbflsc{olkelbl{cmgl joelgw* jcbbclgl dbg|| `ckc jwwlecglm jgnhh ~lj|f~ljlw lss* jl{| fhk|b lgcbjcgc{-

7*wlglm kl{c hm ~hwhm ccmgl kc{bcfgl hhgjq kc'b*ojblhms{* `h{*c jsbcjlmcm el{ w{b js~w* e|ffclbl{c whjjbhjhenq dbg||mghm hms{* jlqf{ll efcjclw*c scscl ~l j|~qlmlw*ccowcjcljcqc cebb lglolf cjwcqw cws fhk|b lgcbjllolfgc{-


112/273

897

0*Jcbblwcjcq cmsm" hs{ `lbl{c wlkob ~l nlmm" sm ~l cfwcsg eb~l cewcojq whfg{ lgl{- Kcmlm*hble gl~blw ~l jcbblwcjcqcm gecb ~le{co cswcfbbcmc ~l ~hwhmjqm whjjclwc jhenq fhbjhf h{wbh hbwmojgglgl j|sh{{he e|gg gecbcmgl jcbbclw lssbh{mh {clwf{ ~ljljblflwcjcql fh{ cswb ljlbc klsbljllm el{ehm`c gl~blwcm nlmm" sm"cfwcsg j|~lmlwcmc jljmmclwbl fh{bh{q ~l k| l{cw*c gcbl ~lcmsmclc j|ewl~ kc{ s|bem gl ocblm whfh{{{ slbjlw*c kll{ ~l sfm*blj mjmh lehss* jb*c jcbbcljcqgc{-

5*Jcbblwbl{cm flmgc j|fhggl{wm kcqqw whm lwgcc k| w{e gl~c{gl

efjlw*c jl{flqcljcqcm gl c{gl*c jcbbcll wkc dbjhs qh{{gc{- mfc{gl*c jcbbcll `h{*c jswlmcg el{ehm`c kc{ ellw*c efjlwcm cmg ~lhes j|fh{{l{w jcbblwol j|w dbjhgfghm khfh e{colm j|wlkl{dbjhg ~l dbhjhhoh cjgcl fhgh{ jlskf lnb ~l mlwco cbl skcwdbj|g|{- Kcmlm*hble jcbblwcm ccmgl k|b|mg|| eb*c q|o{lw ~l lmglglmf|{w|bjhf {lbl{cml kcqqw wl~lssbl eolw fhbjhghm efjlw*c jl{flqcl*jcqcm Jlobcs*c Jcbb'c eljlm ~l kcb*cnwl*c m wdybhjhs ~l k| s{lwblj|fhggl{w* jcbblw ~l jljblflw ehffmgh cwwceq lbllolc kc'b*ojblj|fh{{l{w Jlobcs*c Jcbb'mcm j|{fhklscml h{qlwjlsc jlok{gc{-

3*^hwhm V~lZ jcbblwcjcqcm jh{q dbg|| jlqbcj ~l bj cbl ~lwhjjlm hm `l ~l jhfshgbh ~cogm* jcbbglm gdhm ~hwhm ~l jcbb

oljclwbl{cm cwwcegmghm jwlehssb fwbl*c |jjcl k| fl{l Hmhgdb| ~l[|jlbc Jgnhh*c E|ff Oljclwc |m~mbh wl~sj db|mj|g|{- K| ol*jclw el{ w{b n{fhobf ol{lmbh{mghm ~l cewc{sw* hesclglm fbbclmjkl{{ ~l jmlqqlegc{- Kc'b*ojbl jsbjhm ~hwhmgbh{jq k| oljcl*wcm hq* whkclscmglmgc{bl{-

89*Hmhgdb| ~l [|jlbc Jgnhh*c E|ff Oljclwc'mcm 7 Lbb slmlV8?Z?< w{ecmgl _c~hs le{cmgl cmcfg lglm |jj fdm`{lsc wh{hnmghmjhfshg* j|fhgglsc whfk cbl wlfbw* |jjclc cg{l ccm kc{ Ellw*cWljsbcl cmwcek lgcbjc ~l fbl{glm ~cblw jl{flqbl{cml fhgh{ kc'b*oj*bl Wlfbw* Jcbbcl whf~cl ~l wl~eg lgcbjcgc{-

\jj Fdm`{l Ellwc

Mcqjmjlmcm Wlfbw Fsjmghm18*Oljclwcm |m~m ~l ~hwhmjqm jh{q fhbg egcsw ~l ~lfc

cbl ~l whjjlm hm jhfshgbh ~cogm* jcbbglm gdj| oljclwbl{cm cwwceg~l cwwcnfbh esb dbj| dbhm fwbl*c |jjcl Hmhgdb| ~l [|jlbcJgnhh*c E|ff Oljclwc |m~mbh wl~sj fbmjg{- k| jcbboljclw el{ w{b n{fh ol{lmbh{mghm {gc{-


113/273

897$CCCT3

}} 77;;**8899 }}

Kk* bGc{l*c _hg{lwcn{l Fhbljc

Jhfj* _hg{lw*c \qj'h


130/273

8;;

OVl~kZ- ;9 Wl{m*c L~~lb slml V8Z??< cn{ll- {* sjbl{c ql{cmlJ|swhnh Fljhb Yhh ~l {nlf* j|ewl{ljlscmglm ~fc dbhm cswqehhbgj ol~k hmlm kl{*~loe*c w h{qlbl{cj-

N ;; Wl{m*c L~~lb slml V8Z??

!!

Wlb`{hnmjl _{lwc+_c~hs'h+

_c~hs Dmmo Fdbd{g| F|jhmghmb'mh

J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh ehq{lwbl{cml

Khe{cl Mq{ _bce Yhh ehq{lwbl{cbl Hjhsh'gh ~fc dbhmjqfl{wm esm*c mlwoll cfwc{m Ellw*c ^flboh jock*c jljmmclw

dbg|- Shbmq jlksmm yh*c whew* Ecbnlw ~l _hbwhmhw'ghm `h{ kc{jhehbgl j|~hffhwlm cowcj nl~fhbgl ecq*c leljjclw ~l ehwh{*mf`{mgmglm k| kkghfc jwbhw kl{*~loe*c w e|bsh db|m|{1

L~~lblm* swhmk|b'gh Jlobcs*c Jlksm'm cowcj lwjljlsc ccm`swl{cblm slklk yh*c whewgh G~lb*c Jwlbcnl f|~* kl{{cl ~l khe{clsck|b|mg||mghm jqfl{wm sl{klsw*c ol{lm ehffbh wljm db|mhjhh*oh ~l khq jlksbh{m qwmh kcbl whh{{|q ~|f| j|ewljlb dbg||jwbhhsg{- Ebk|fc G~lb*c wcbncl'mcm ojblsc jl{wclwbl cg{ldb|mg|| ocelwbl Jlobcs*c Jcbbcl'mcm el{ w{b whh{{|qghm jhsmclwcdmbh{oh kc'w*wk whfg{ db|mhoh `ckc kbl kc{ j|jlblmcm blj*c jlglmc*lw mhqh{mgh ml fhgh{ s*c wls{ esb lglolc gl flmgcbl{cmol jhbjg|{-

Kcmlm*hble Jlobcs*c Jlksm'gh slbjlw*c jqfl{wm ehblbg{ dbjhs~{cg glcbgc{- G~lb*c wcbncl wh{hnmghm hesVbh{Zmh fh{ kc{ j|jlbl~|f| jlbeq dbhm ql~w lsslm ylf jhegg dbg||mghm k| qwbh{mslbjlw*c jbf ~l jljblflw ccm kc{ nlgf{bf gheh ck{qbh jlksb|fghmcswcn lwjlbl{c s{lwcbl k| jheq{ ghec {ln | cqbl db|mhkcbc{ ~l kbl kc{lsl{ |b~~*c olmk* ehjclwbl{cmglm kc*ehffm j|mwhqh{g{-

_mclm* K| m* k|e{mgh ~flb*c gl~blw ~l jcbblwcm gcjh lf*gcl{cbl wljsgh k|b|mjhs ~l lf*mhqh{ ~l lf*~og dbh{hf ccmglk|b|mg||j|q kgc{lglm whebcs*c ~hwhm ~lscbcml hbjhs b*kgg{-Jlobcs*c Jlksm'm wh{hgh cowcj ebcmgl ~flbmm ~l fsjlm gl~c{*cefjlwcm ghec d{hh mhfbc cfwcq lbllolcmglm k|m|m |s{lwc ~l hglj*c

cjfm cbl kl{hkl{ jl{flq*c efjlwcm mhfbcml kc{ j|fhggcjl db|mghwlbhff lgcblolc ~{lswl*c cwmg{- ^flb cbl jlksm gcjh lf gcl{cblwljsgh k|b|mjhf jlok{clwcmgl dbg||mghm ~flbmm swhmk|b'gh ~ljlksmm wh{hgh k|b|mjhs jjfcm glcbgc{- Ehwwh swhmk|b'h lm fh{kdbhm K|{sh kcbl jhehbb*c cowcj dbsh ~lscw*c mhfbclmcm ebcml mhqh{hmj|mwhqhjm ~l ~hfw qhjmbh `cgcy `lbjlf ~l f|g | ~lscfc `w{y`lwc{jlf eljlm fkcb glcbgc{- E|ss|bh shg{* hqhj yhh ehq{lwbl{cblGecbcl ~l E{cocl mq{bh{mm Jlobcs cbl gcjh jmslkwgh k|b|mjhs


135/273

8;0

~l swhmk|b'ghm gh h{bjhjhs bqj dbg||mghm k| cfc qh{{lwcm wlbncjswheb db|{-

_bcslm* Jlobcs*c Jlksm'm wh{hgh cowcj swhmk|b'ghm khfh kc{jl{flqcm gheh cegs jhmsm c{k lglolcmglm jhg swhmk|b'|m elmqj|fhggl{w fhwclm whhm lwjlgcc ocelwbl gcjh jwl{hffk* n{shwdbhm hgh ~l k*e|ss ^lmcqlbds ~l ljsbcml ghec y{dyh`hmghbh{ hyjhfccm ~lsbl ceq{ lgl{- swhmk|b g~lb*c sc{l yh*c whewbh{mh jhfs glcbgc{-Shbmq Dsjhmbbh{m yh*c whew dbjhy q jcbdmbh{oh sbj'm wl~looe*`e ~l fkbl*c jbc k|b|mg|| ocelwbl el{ ml s{lwbl db|{ csl dbs|m

jswhfcbblm jl{flq*c efjlw dbjhf l{lncmc `ck lgcmol _hbwhmhw* hs{*ggl*c Dsjhmcl H~{|yh'ghm cmncff cbl kc{ Hsh lj{lwc ebcml s|fw lbl*lolcmglm l{kk* fcm ~l `h{lql lmc kc{ scbe ~l{jljlf ccm kc'b*ojblf|~* jljblflwcm swhmk|b'gh oljc k*e|ss k| qhjmgh j|wbh*f|'b*bqjg|{-

[kchm* Khq n{hf* scscl cbl hms{* `h{*c jsbcjl cmwcekwmk*wh{hnml co{ db|mjhhoh qhmmmgh k|b|mh{hf cmwcekwh cwc{f lgcylwjljlfgl eb jwl{lggcg cflm jlobcscm Hmhgdb|'gh fg f|~*jljblflwcm Hmhgdb|'gh wljl{fq lglolc ~l Jlobcs*c Jlksm'm Wlfbw*Jcbbcl jlmskmcml jmehs{ fhbhoh ncf{cml whf~clw ~l{c{- K| slklkbldmbh{m cmwcekwh cwc{f lwjljlsc ~l k| hglj*c cwc{fl jlobcscm wh{hgh

cowcj slklk `swl{jlsc fh~clm j|ewljlbgc{- Ehww cmwcekwh cwc{flwslbl{ kcbl jlksmm fsjlm Hmhgdb|'h `cwjlfglm ck ~l swhmk|b'ghwdybhmjhf shgsm cb lwjlbl{c gl ~{cg*c ew{ dbjhbh k| s{lwgl Jlobcs*cJlksm'm cfcl h{bh{hf el{ cfcscmgl mcsk* jqfl{l ~ogh `lbljlcyfh{{bh{m shee ~l j|wlkl{ dbjhjhs mlwol*c lbjlsc esb db|{ ~l k|s{lwbl he~b*c |jjcl ~l e|sscljcqc wlnhee|s* jwljg hbwmgh k|b|m*g|{hm ~l W{fbl{ flmgcbl{cmc cg{ll ~l j|ewh{hb qhjmbh{gh kcbl cwwcnfhj|fwlgc{ glcbgc{ gh~sm cskw ccm glbb h{hjhfgh dbhm gjhmbh{h`c{q`e* jhfb ~l{cbjc db|{- Qwlm fdmnl{hms e|q{|mh fjhjq ~l d{hghesm*c fhk|bl jhqeh{ dbjhjq ln{g* jcbblwcm elj*glsw*c ~cnf dbjhsmh ~lefjlwcm gl kbl kc{ fwbl*c jwwlecgll cswcmg lwjlscml jwl~hffn

k|b|mg|| j|ewo* qe glcbgc{- Jlobcscm Hmhgdb|'gh cowcj chs kcblcjgcglm kc{ whfj `nw `bh{h ~l lomck wh{hnmghm lm~* wlns{wh dbhg ocelwbl k|m|m h~fk* ~hejlsc fljb*c leljjclwbl mhqh{* gcffhw*gl k|b|mg|{|bjhf bqjg{-

N ;0*;5$89$V8?Z?7$CCCT87


136/273

8;5

}} 77;;**8877 }}

Eh{kcl Mq{ Oljhb Yhh Ehq{lwbl{c'ml

Jlobcs*c Jcbb'mcm ljm kc{ jhehbgl cowcj ehffmgh fhkcmlmcmjwbhwm e~ ;0*;5$89$V8?Z?< w{ebc ~l kc{c gcl{cml j*khg dbhm cfcfwh wlb`{hnmjlbl{c _c~hs'h j|~shbhwjqgh hbmg- Jlobcs*c Jcbb'mcmjhehbb*c cowcj ehffmghfc jlslblglm jhg kc'b*ojbl mdfwh*c mhqh{bh{*gh cwcbn lgcbgccml kel fhbjhjg{- mwcek* jlksm ehffmgh _bceYhh ehq{lwbl{cmcm wlmsk k||{g|fbh{ s{lwbl k| glnh fhkcml wh{hnmghmhm mdfwh*c mhqh{ wl{~olm ~{cg dbhm ol~kgh khq nh{fbh{ `{bgmglmcmwcekwh fl'b*l~~lb jgehbl lwjljlf lssmh {clwc j|enhqh lbljlcwl{~o lwjlfglcq- Fhkcmlmcm jwbhw Jlobcs*c Jcbb'mcm jhehbb*c cowcjehffmghfc mdfwh*c mhqh{jq wlkgb lglolf ljmclwc elmq khelwjljlfglgc{- K|mh gc{ dbhm jwbhwjq j|nhsshbhm h{qlwjlf ql{ll~~lb ljc{gl G~lb*c wcbncl wh{hnmghm hesclwbl{cml fh{ kc{ j|jlbl~|f| jlbeq dbhm ~l lsslm ylf jhegg dbg|| c{lw k||{|bhm ql~wmfcjbl{ dbg||m| csjlm whs{e ~l ehfbh{mgh jgehblc jock lskk ~lh~jcbcm mlglm ck{lw k|b|mg||m|m sh{ehwlm c{ k||{|bjhsmh cmwcq{lbl{" khes k||{|bhm klmmjl ehffmgh csl slklk*c ml{c ~l jlwmc

ehffmgh kc{ ncf{*c jhess|j|q ~l jhbjwjq k|b|mjhgmghm k|kkgh wlm~{ k||{|bjhfbjq esshwlm cswc{ej lgl{cq-

N ;3 Wl{m*c L~~lb slml V8Z??7$CCCT8

}} 77;;**88>> }}Dsjhmb D{g|* Ejm|

Khf|jhmghmb ^lfblwc

Eh{kcl Mq{ Oljhb Yhh Ehq{lwbl{c'ml

OVl~kZ- ;>*;5$89$V8?Z?< w{ebc ?99 ~l ?98 m|jh{hb cn{lbl{l-

K|`m y* whew* _hbwhmhw* _lmcl ~l jhfh{{* Ecbnlw*c sbjcl*jcq dbhm swhmk|b gjhm gdmhmjh wdybh{ ~l f|~* c`bclsc hbwmgh"gjhm ydbcs ~l ahmgh{jhsmm ncb jgehbl ~l cwc{fc whewmgh k|b|m|d{-Jhwkw Jwlbcnm wh{hnmghm whew* j|{fhklgl" e|ff* hescl ~l

cowcjcljcq k|mbh{m whqfc hbwmgh" fhkcml l{fm* j|ewl{ljlscml ~h{m*ohh fhgh{ `c{lm fhmbh{ lomlk j|lml ~l wlnwcml wkc k|b|mjhfghg{-Kwm jhmsbh jhfh{{* _hbwhmhw ~l Ecbnlw eb*c j|esh{hgh db|y efcjc*lwcjcq k|{hgh jhmlm ~l ncblm `h{*c o{gc{- K|mh kc{ gl [|j ~lL{jlmcbl{cm efjlwc whmjhjhbh{m ~l wcbn Gl~blwbl{c'ml cswcmg lgl{lfglw eb*c csmgh ~l kc{ whfj wlfbw* jlnslglw*f{mlgl k|b|mg|fbh{mcb~l lgl{slf y* whewjqm ccmgl k|b|mg|| ~hqclw*c lbjl ~l ehwh{*mfwhjjlm wh~sn lbljc db|{|q- Kcmlm*hble kwm k| ehf*cflm j|jl*


138/273

8?9

bw whnsb ~l qe cbl H~{|yh'ghm" lnf{* |jjcl*c ocemghm ehf ~l hghblwwhblk lglolf ~l wljmcml hbhohf dbhm Jlobcs*c Jcbb'mcm swhmk|b'gh n*~hqnl lwjlscml kcqol cjfm j|whsh~~l{ glcbgc{- G~lb*c wcbncl jl{wkc{l{ efjlw dbg|| kcmlm*hble Jlobcs*c Jcbbjcq hblecmgl wllkksw*gh k|b|mjhhohfbh{ ehffmghfc jwbhw whjjlm kc{ esm*c qhm wlbhfflbljll jlok{|q- Hmohf H~{|yh gl~blwbl{c jcbblwcjcqc jl{wclw ~le{{clwc jg{cf {lg kc{ jcbblw dbh{hf hgg wlbhff lwjc k|b|mshbh{g k|jwbhh ~{cg ~l gd{| dbhkcbc{gc- Ebk|fc ~hqclw whjjlm k| esm*cqhmmm hfscml wlolbb lwjc ~l lwjlfglgc{- ^q|'b*cjqh dbg|fbh{ Jw{lfl

hefjmh j|`c{ co{wbh{ ~l efjlwcm ehff* fhqsmh wlo~qbl{c kcqccmsm wlbhff lbljlgcfbl{cml" ~l{gcfbl{c sql {clw lwjljlc kcql fh{j|ebcn*c mjs kc{ l hgglwjlgcfbl{cml glbbgc{-

Kc{fh fccmcm hesbh{mh fh{ ~|f|mh cewcjb ~l{cblm j|jlblmcmslklkc k| ql~wm jcbblw ~l gl~blwcm jhfj* _hbwhmhw ~l Ecbnlw'cm cswcfbb~l whjjsc |{|mghfc joelgl ~l jlsbl{c csl k|mbh{ghm khfh hm {e~l fhmhwgl k|b|mhm ql~w* sc{lmcm gl elgln*c whh{{|q dbjhhohmflsgc{jlf ~l wljm lbljlf kc'w*wk jjfcm dbhjhq- Kcmlm*hble k| ebwlfjb Jlobcs*c Jcbb hblecmgl ~fc dbhkcbc{- Lsslm |fh{gh h{q ~l whnsblblgccjcq ~loecbl swhmk|b jl`b ~l ncblm wlebcfl jl~ogg|{- Jlobcs*cJcbb'mcm cowcjmm csl ljmclw*c j|wbhfh ccmgl dbjhs h{w* l~~lb ~l

lssgc{- K| slklkbl wh{hgh ljmclw*c wjjl jl~og dbhm kc{ jhehbglcowcj kc{ qh{{lw*c fhwcl ebcmgl `{bjlfglgc{- Jlobcscm cmcfg* s|behfhgh{ j|~hffhwlm wh{hgh cowcj ebcmgl qe k||{|bhm jleq{glm~flbmm {lsjlm ~l hbl'g*gl~j Gl{shglw'c wl{f lwjlbl{c qh{{lwc jl~ogglcbgc{- Khq mq{bh{m `cgcy `lbjlbl{c ~lh fdjcsl{ k{hfjhbh{ jl{flq*cefjlwcm mhfbc jhmsm eckc{ qhjm whqhjj|m lgljlq- K|mghm jhgJlobcs*c Jcbb'mcm wh{hgh cowcj kc{ qh{{lw*c fhwcll jswlmcg dbhohm*ghm swhmk|b'ghm khfh kc{ jl{flqgl cegs jhmsm gh c{k lwjljlsckcbessh j|fhggl{wjqm jl{flqc dbhm swhmk|b'|m hmohf jcfg{ jhbj~l ljmclw*c j|wbhfh ccmgl k|b|mhm kc{ jhehbgl whebnl hbbjhs jhfshgwljm lglkcbc{- ^lmcqlbds'|m Hwcmh' ljm `{ljlgccmglm ellw*c co{c*

lc kcbl _lbhmcf'gl wlfb ~l wlss lbljlsc S|mhm y* whewm wlebcfllfdjhy kcbhfcs whebs lblgcc hfm ~lfc cbl jhbjg|{- Nl{cg Yhh'mmshg{* hqhj ~l E{cocl mq{ cflm H~{|yh'gh hbh{oh fhbjhs j|jlbw*efjlwol jheq{b| wlbhff lgcbjlgccml `{l qh{{lw*c nl~fhbgl qmglmefjlw*c eq{h {cobcmcm ok lwgcfol Jlobcs*c Jcbb'mcm k|b|mhoh jhehbbl`lbcy `cwjlbl{cmgl eckc{ jheq{ dbjhhoh whkgc{- E{cogl wdybhmbg*mghm gdbh ^lmcqlbds ~l ljsbc gjhmbh{m y{dyh`hmghgh k|b|mhohfbh{ylf whk `{bjlfglgc{- mf k| cowcjm flmgc qh{h{bh{mh dbhohm


139/273

8?8

cjgcglm `{jlfgl dbg|fbh{ kelscqgc{- _bce Yhh ehq{lwbl{cbl k| kkgh`{blbc cfc `m dbg|| ebgl jhehbb*c cmcfgm gheh l~~lb jlencb*clomlkclgl ghec jock*c jkehsw dbj| k|b|mg|| hmbhbd{ fc hmm|fw* mhqh{ghm k| gh ylf whkgc{- El{ebgl lomlkbl{cm jcbblwcjcqcmgl{lol*c cg{fcmc hmbhjhf e|ss|mgh wlnhee|swgh k|b|mg|fbh{ j|ehffhf*g{- Jl{wclwc" e|ff|m| jg{cf dbhm eckc{ jcbblwcm gjhm ccmgl"gjhm whqfc hbwmgh flmgc e|ff|m| jgnhh lwjlf ql{l cowcj lwjlfcswljllolcmc fhk|b lwjlf gd{| dbhjhq- K|m|m VccmZ swhmk|b'gh cowcjlwjlf cswljlf kc'b*ojbl f|~* jljblflwc k|{hgh olj lwjlf" k|

f|~~lwbl{c jlnbo fbjhf" mlwolgl cmwce{h fhsglbljlf gljlfgc{- K|mghmjhg Jlobcs*c Jcbb'mcm k| ~hqclw hbwmghfc y* whewgh wdybhmjhsjcbblwcm swhmk|b'|m c`b*c eq{m jl~fc*c whwkfl fdj| dbhm Jwlbcnmehf*cflmbcfbl{cmc hmlm fhk|b lbljlsc gljlfgc{- Ebk|fc e{cogl cowcjlgcbjlsc hm qhjmgh y* whew ~hqclw*c eq{h*c lbjlscmcm gl ocemhfh{ hblmlm ~l ncblm y{dwlswd lgcbjc dbjhs ncglsc l~bl~clwbl ocqgc{-

Qw* hfgls*c Ecbnlw*ylme'mcm swhmk|b'gh k|b|mjhbh{ ocelwcblJlobcs*c Jcbb'mcm wh{hgh k|b|mjhsmghm gdbh jhfj* Ecbnlw cwck{bhlmq{* bljgl kc{ wlklggb ~l wllss{ ~|f| `h{*c ~{cggc{- mfJlobcs*c Jcbb jcbblwcjcqc wljsb lglm kc{ ellwglm ck{lwgc{- Ehww fgccm qw* ejm|m kc{ ~lfb whm k||{jhbh{ gh jjfmg{- Elj k|

s{lwbl blj*c sbj Jlobcs*c Jcbb'mcm jhfh{{* Ecbnlw'gl wdybhmjhhols{lw*k dbhjhgm `{jlfbl k| jhfj* j|fhgglscm gjhm wlebcfl*bl{c hbwmgh k|b|mg||m| ecsslglolfgc{ fc ncglsc gl{f{g{-

Hms{* `h{*c jsbcjll `lbcmol6 k|mbh{ gheh Wl~ncf Yhh fhkcmlscqhjmmgh cmwcekwh cwc{f lwjllolfbl{cmc cbm lbljcbl{gc{- K|mbh{mcwc{f lwjljlbl{c flmgc qh{h{bh{mghm khfh kc{ mlwol ~l{jlq- mhbbe~hwhm ~l jcbblw mcb*c cswcfbb db|moh cswl{ cswljlq hm e|ff gecbcmglDsjhmb ~hwhmgVZ dbh{hf dw|{jhh jlok{g|{bh{-

N{hf* scscljcqglm khqbh{mm Hmhgdb|'| cswljljlbl{c kc'w*whkF|~* Jcbbcl wls{c hbwmgh fhbjhf lmglscmglm dbhohfg{- Ebk|fc

jcbblwcm hsb fec{ lfsl{clwcmc wljsb lglm jcbbclw*yl{~l{ jlksm ghm`cbcqbl{cm wls{c ~l whqfc wlebcflscmglm gdbh swhmk|b'| cswljllolf*bl{gc{- swhmk|b'|m fh{hoh jhegg jcfg{gh jlksmm fsj* jecjjcec kelscq jcbblwbl kl{hkl{ dbhohmh mhqh{hm wh{hh `lblolfbl{gc{- Ehwwec `lbjllolcmc nh{qlwslf ~l jlobcscm cfcl h{bgm fhk|b lblslf kcblmcsk e|ss|m| swhmk|b'h j dfsh wh{hh j cg k|b|mhohm whkcjgcglm flsgc{jlf jjfmg{- Lsslm k| `ckc qhm ~l wl{lgggl glolf


140/273

8?;

jlksbh{m jlmnc*c jbf ~l jcbblw |{|mgh cswcn s{lwcbl nlgf{bfck{q lblolfbl{c gl jljb ~l j|mwhqh{g{-

Hgm wh{hnbh{mghm cmwcekhwh gc{ ~fc dbg|| c{ k||{|bhmcfw S|mhm c`bc hbwmghfc hfsj* jljbcfcjcqglm csl k|m|m [|jbh{wh{hnmghm hybgmh ec kel lgcbjljlfgl ~l ylf whk `{bjlfglgc{-Ehfsq c`b db|mhm k| j|hqqlq ~cblwcjcqcm Jlobcs*c Jcbb'l jlks`mgl{lkcbjlsc lehss* jbcjcqgc{- K| s{lwbl jcbblw kc'b*ncb c`bc whmjh*gm" k| qlm`cm wdy{hjqghm h{bjhh {q dbjhgm cc cskw

lglolfgc{- K|mh efjlwcm gl {lsjlm jgehbl lwjlscmc qjc{ ~bcscml"Hghmh ~l J|s|b ^cblwbl{c'bl Jh{h" HVZmwhk" \{nh shmohfbh{mh cmwc*ekw ccm fhw ljc{bl{ ~l{jlscmc scslw*c eq{hmm okw* jhfblscmglmhgg wlbhff lbl{cq-

Ellwcjcqcm ~l{gcc sq w|whm ql~wghm jwllffcb dbg||mh cwcjgk||{|bjhsm esshwlm cswc{ej lbl{cq- Gheh cwcbn e|sb k|bg|| `mkwm jl~ogclwcjcqbl jqel{lw ~l j|~lmlwc h{q ~l ~hg lwjc" flnc*lwc kwm jcbblwl whjj lbljc cgcf- H{hghm c{jc kl `m `lgc- K|jgglw qh{nmgh kwm lnb ~l eh{lfwjqbh ~lqcn*c efjlwc wlsebl"f|~~l*c efjlwc wh{sml hbd{|q- K|mh {hjlm fhkcmlmcm eb e|bs*cmclwcjcqglm kelbc k|b|mjhs" lb*m co{w mjmh hgj hwjhj

k|b|mjhs wllss{jq jock dbjhfghg{- Kc'w*whk Wlfbw* Jcbbcl'glfcjhfshgm jl{clwcmc fhk|b ~l hefjmh wl~nfhm cg{l*c efjlwc ~hg~l wlflnnb lglm efjlwcm wlfbwm bh~m ~l mcqjmjljcqgl j|sh{{hedbhm Ellw*c Wljsbcl'mcm nhbclw*c eq{hsmm whwbcmc whblk lglolcmcew{h `lwc{jcd{|q- K| ebgl gheh mhsb j|~lmlw ~l jqeh{lw whblkk||{|b|d{4 K| ocelwcm wh~qehm qem cswc{ej lbl{cq- Kcbhfcs Ellw*cWljsbcl Nl{cg Yhh fhkcmlscmcm hyj dbg|| ehfsqbfbh{m whj{c ocel*wcml lb*m `cgcbjljc dbg||m| `{jlfbl jwllsscn k|b|mjhfghg{-Jlobcs*c Jcbb ehffmgh Ellw*c Wljsbcljcqcm m|fw* mhqh{m kl{*~loe*ckb h{qlblgcf- Jhh*eq ehww* eh{lflwcjcqc lnf{* |jjcl*c jcbblw

ql{cml cswcmg lwgc{jlf kcqol gsw{* eh{lflw dbg||mghm kcb|jj ~cbwellw*c jl{flqclscmcm k| kkghfc m|fw* mhqh{ h{oh sd{|bj|g|{-Mlwoll `{l eh{lflwcjcq whkgc{" lnlmgcj-

N ?9 Wl{m*c L~~lb slml V8Z??7$CCCT80


141/273

8??

}} 77;;**8800 }}

Eh{kcl Mlq{lw*c Olbblsc'mglmEllw*c Wljsbcl'l hqbhm wlb`{hnmjl s{lwc

K|{hgh jlehncb*c lomlkclglm s{lw*c {lsjclgl hbmhm jhbjwhmhqh{hm Jlobcs*c Jlk|sm'm y* whew* _hbwhmhw'ghm khfh kc{ l{glcowcj y* whewm Hmhgdb|'h mhfbc jhmhsm whqhjj|m lglolchmbhbjhfghg{- Jlobcscm gcl{ jhehbgl wdybhmjhs G~lb*c wcbncl'mcmfh{{mh wls{ co{ lgljllolc `ckc gecblm khq ~lfc q|e{|mh ghecslklk dbh{hf jgehblc gh~lw lwjlsc ~l jhqhbbec wlb gl~blw ~ljljblflwc wlebcfll |{hwjhs gh s{lw*c fh~clgl jlbeqg|{- Kcmlm*hble k|mghm sh{n* mhqh{ db|mh{hf jlobcscm kleljleb y* whewgh cowcjbqj `lblolcmc ehjclw*c gmcl ~l ~hwhmclmcql j{ohhwbh wlf{{ lgl{cj-

N ; Wl{m*c _mc slml V8Z??7$CCCT85

}} 77;;**8855 }}

_c~hs'ghm

Eh{kcl Mq{ Oljhb Yhh Ehq{lwbl{c'ml jl~{gcn{l

OVl~kZ- ;$89$88$V8?Z?


142/273


143/273

8?

Hmhgdb| ~l [|jlbc Jgnhh*c E|ff OljclwcEllw*c Wljsbclsc mjmhJ|swhnh Fljhb

KDH" KLD- _S_" ?7*>7$CCCT;08*?

}} 77;;**;;00 }}

Hmhgdb| ~l [|jlbcJgnhh*c E|ff Oljclwc Ellw*c Wljsbclsc'ml

Eh{kcl Mq{ Oljhb Yhh'mm fhkcmlglm lfcbjlsc ~l L{fm*Eh{kcl [lsc Ol~hg Yhh'mm wlkgbc hbmq m`cbcqbl{ wh{hnmghm whblkdb|mjhjg{- m`cbwl{l ~l whbh ~l N{hmsh jjlsscbbl{c Kk* b'l jwl*{lf kc{ bwcjhwdj ~l{l{lf lskk* jockl sl{gcbl f{f slfcq shhw qh{nmgh |jhwbhkm e|sbm cswljcbl{gc{- K| h{ wlfbn fh{smgh fhkcmlol kc'b*lw{njg~lbl*c lnf{ghm sdm{h |jjlm lfcbjll fh{{ ~l{cbgc ~l Jlobcs*cJlksm jwllffcb k|b|mh cgc fhkcmlol khfh `ml eh{lflw lgcbjlf `h{*cjjfcm cgc- Wlfbnbl{cmc `l{c hbg{jhf ql{l G~lb*c _lbsl jjlsscbbl{c

mlqgcmgl sl{g lwgcfbl{c lskk* jocklmcm {lggcbl wllkksw* bqjlglk|b|m|bg|- Jjlsscbl{ wlfbnbl{cmgl s{{ lwgcbl{- Fhkcmlmcm cswcnswhehff|f lwjc cflm Jlobcs*c Jlksm'm elmq jqfl{wh khbhhjhgkc{ qhjmgh fhkcmlmcm lfcbjlsc jlmncc bcl*c ~hwhmh j|`c{ dbhohmOljhb Yhh kcqqw {g lgl{lf ~l kbl k|e{mb kc{ qhjmgh fhkcmlmcmcswcns swhmk|b'| Hmhgdb|'ghm h{jhh fhgh{ ~h{y `lw ~hej mlwcowl~bg lbllolcmc cbl{c s{l{lf flmgc cswcnsbh jlslblmcm ehbbdb|mjhsm


150/273

87;

wl{oe lwjcgc{- Jlslblmcm shnhew k|mghm ck{lwgc{- Jlobcs*c Jlksm'mmcelw kc{ cfc `ml fhgh{ mcsk* lfsl{clwc ecq dbh{hf cowcj j|ehffhfdbg||mghm efjlw el{ ml~ e|ssw jlobcscm y*c mhqh{mh ~hq lglolf*gc{- Wh{hnmqghm k| kkgh eckc{ `ml wllkksw ~|f k|bjhjhs bqj*g{- mf sq sheckc Jlobcs*c Jlksm'g{- ^flb ~lejlw*c ~hqclwcwhjjlm jg{cf ~l lnb eh{lfwmm slbjlwcml fmc dbg||mghm le~lm*cl{{c cewc{ lwjcgc{- Jgehbwh mcelw ~l{cblolc O|jh{wlsc shkemhfhgh{ kcbgc{cbjlgcc ebgl fhkcml jl~fc*c cfwcg{ghm lfcblolc ~l k|mghm

wl~lbbg lglolf egcswm jlsbclwc flmgcscml cg dbjhhoh klmdb|m|{-

N ;; Fmm* _m slml 8??>

KDH" KLD- _S_" ?7*>7$CCCT;5

}} 77;;**;;55 }}

Gl~blw*c Hbcl*c DsjhmclWlb`{hng{lscWlb`{hnmjl

Jhe{loc1 Hmfh{h

_hg{* hqhj Yhh Ehq{lwbl{c'ml

Wlb`{hnmjl*c nhejmlbl{c ql{cml Ellw*c Wljsbclol kc{ fh{{cwwceq lgcbjlf ccm l~~lb ljc{gl bwcjhwdj s{lwcmcm hmlm kcbcmjlscmlcewco* fhw ~h{g{- K|m|m bwnlm wlkbcmc h{q ~l {co lgl{cj-

N ;; Fmm* _m slml V8Z??>Ellw*c Wljsbcl mjmh

J|swhnh Fljhb

!!

Gl~blw*c DsjhmclYdswh ~l Wlb`{hn ~l Wlblndm Mlq{lwc

Wlb`{hnmjlJhe{loc1 Hmfh{hW{e1 ;;$8$V8??>Z


151/273


152/273

877

_hg{* hqhjHbc [qh

KDH" KLD- _S_" ?7*>7$CCCT?9

}} 77?? }}

swhmk|b cblwcJlfwko|b||

Hglg

\jj1 >E|ss1 83;9

Gecbcl Mlq{lw*c Olbblsc'mlGl~blwb lnlmgcj ehq{lwbl{cHmhgdb| ~l [|jlbc Jgnhh*c E|ff Oljclwc mjmh _c~hs'ghm

8? Wl{m*c L~~lb slml V8?Z?< w{ecbl flgl db|mg|| klmbh Kldb|J|whsh{{nb'mghm ~l Jhf{cf Fhjhfhjb'mghm `mgl{cblm cfc fwwlb`{hnmjl blnnlm whfgj fbmjg{- Db kkgh lj{ nl{jm ehq{lw*c jlmble'b*lj{cmgc{-

N ;7 J|eh{{lj slml V8Z??5 ~l n ;9 Wl{m*c L~~lb slml V8Z??

L~~lb slml V8?Z?< w{ebccn{l wlb`{hnmjl jhebb s{lwcgc{-

[lnfhwcmgl kc{ cmqckw jlj{| dbg|| ebgl n{fhghm cjgc wlb`{hn*emll `lblm kc{ qkcw ~bcmcm ehskl'b*bqj jl~fc*c efjlwglm wlo{glgcbgccmc ~l kcmlm*hble eckc{ wh{hnbh {lsjlm j|ekl{l lgljllolcmc ~lehblnc ~lh ~lfbc whhm lgcmoll fhgh{ jheq j{|m*cblecm j|ekl*{lscml jmc dbjhf ql{l j|ekl{l dghsmm fdmw{dbbl{c hbwmgh k|b|mg|*{|bhohm sbll{lf cl khbhg- H{q* jhbjw db|m|{-

Khjg{_|kec

!!

Kk* bGecbcl Mlq{lwc

g{l*c \jjcl*c Gecbcl Jg{clwc\jj1 ;9>7?


165/273


166/273

8


167/273

8


168/273


169/273


170/273

8>;

hebcscbl jbehfwghm `lblm l{n ~l hm ~l Jgnhh*c E|ff* Jcbbclellw*c cg{lbl{cbl flqbcf jbehfwghm `lblm kcmbl{ol s~{ F|~*Jcbbcl ln{g cwc{f lwwcc ~l q kcmbl{ol hebc ~l fhgm ~l do|fbh{bh ghkc{ shhwbcf jlsnlglm klg cbl efjlwl fhgh{ cfc `llbc dbh{hf cswcfkblcwk lwgcfbl{c ~l ellwcm ylf e{ ~l shjj hbfbh{ ccmgl `lgcc ~lHmfh{h qlklfbl{c wh{hnmghm fb ~l fhbfhm d|m| dmhmg jswhfkcbmcmkc{ fsj* jecjjc jslbbhe dbg|| ebgl |nhf kc{ jmslklwscqbcf kcblfhwclm ~|fh `lbjlgcc ~l ellwcm Ehoklfwh fh{lscmgl lblkcOljhblggcm Lnlmgc wh{hnmghm jcsnc{ lgcbgcfbl{c ~l gl{`e* l{n glgl`mwh{hnmghm qcnlw ~l{cbgcc ~l wh{fhw* mqlmm {cobcbl Hbl~bl{cm F|~*Jcbbcl'l gecb dbg|fbh{ ~l flqbcf F{le{c'mgl gl hj|{bh{m fls{lw*cmqbml {hjlm ylf kf kc{ jl{scj co{ lgcbgcc j|whsh{{nbf~lfblwcmglm hbmhm wlb`{hn jmgl{cowmghm jswlkm dbjhfbh cb~lwlmh{qdb|m|{-

N ;5 Fmm* L~~lb slml V8?Z??

Eh{kcl Mlq{lwcMlq{lw |klscFhblj*c Jhess

_{lw

Hmfh{h'ghm Eh{kcl Mq{ Oljhb Yhh Ehq{lwbl{c'ml jl~{gcn{l

Fh{hjhm woo{mmghm db|y jkhwgh k|b|mjhf ql{l Hghmh'h`cglm lblkcqgl Nl{cg ~l J|sh Lnlmgcbl{'cm N{hmsqbh{ wh{hnmghm Jl{scm'glwl~fn db|mg|fbh{ ~l jj*cblecjmm eckc{ fhkehwbl{c dbjhg ebgljheq Hghmh L{jlmc lwlbl{c wh{hnmghm mhfg*c jl~ogbh{ `hsk lgcbjlfjhfshgbh ehkslgcbgcfbl{c ~l ehww J|sh Lnlmgc'glm kc{ jlkbh* jecjhbmg cswcek{ lgcbjcgc{- N{hmsq c`bc hbwmgh k|b|mhm jlmwfh k| `ckcwlhggcw ~l wlo~qwghm m eckc{ sbj woo{ hhf khsjhh ols{lwlgljljlfgl ~l k| ebgl jljblflw kf jb qh{h{bh{h |{hjhfghg{-Efjlwcm wllkksw* jlssc{lgl k|b|mjhs ~l jl~fnm*c jj*cbl*ecjcm sl{hm whebclsc lskkmm cswcfjbc cswc{ej db|m|{-

N ?9 Fmm* L~~lb slml V8Z??

;9- FVdbd{g|Z FV|jhmghmZ ^lfbcJhej|g

Ellw*c Wljsbcl mjmhJ|swhnh Fljhb

!!


172/273

8>7

Eh{kcl Mlq{lwcMlq{lw |klscFhblj*c Jhess

_{lw

Fdm`{l'glm Eh{kcl Mq{ Oljhb Yhh Ehq{lwbl{c'ml jl~{gcn{lgc{-

He~bc wlgff lwjlf ql{l Hghmh'h `mgl{cblm Sqkh ^lekc LnlmgcHghmh ^bcsc Olbhb Kl N{hmsqbh{m jlks cmwcekwm kc{df khemlbl{blwh~f lblgcfbl{c ~l ~cblwcm F|~* `bcl F|jhmghmb mlqgcmglfc

jfl{{l{ wllkkswmm sljl{lg{ dbhjhg Gecbcl Mlq{lwc'ml c{*flnclw lgcbjlscml N{hmsq shms{mm jjmhhw lblgccmc c{bhefjlwcm Gl{shglw N{hmsq jjlsscb*c scsscml fhw kc{ s{lwglj{ohhw lgl{lf cmwcekwm co{smh N{hmsq f|~* c`bclscmol jj*mhhw* ~fhmm {lncmc whblk lbljlsc bqj|mh gc{ klmwmm s{hw*cckbmh wh~hss|w|m| {co lbljcgc{- Jlslblmcm gl{lol*c leljjclwcmlmhqh{hm efjlwol cwwceq* wlgk{ k||{|bjhsmgh wh~hss|w* gl~blwbl{cmccswc{ej lgl{- Hmohf eckc{ {l ~l jg fhbjhg whfg{gl N{hmsqbh{meh{lfw* ~fhsm |jj Hjl{cfh ~l H~{|yh mhqh{mgh y{dwlswd lwjlfh{wbh Mcgl'glfc Fcbcfh Ellw*c Jl{flqclsc'mcm j|~nhfhwbh e{coglk|b|mhm Hghmhbbh{ghm jlks cmwcekmh wl~lssb db|mjhs j|~nf

dbhohm h{qlbl{cq- Hghmh ~bcscmcm j|ekl{w* {lsjclscmcm shms{l wkcdbjhjhs e|ss|mgh gh h{oh wllkksw* scsclgl k|b|m|bjhf bqj|fhmhwcmgl dbg||j|q jh{qg|{-

N 0 Fmm* _m slml V8Z??>

;9- FVdbd{g|Z FV|jhmghmZ ^lfbcJhej|g

Ellw*c Wljsbcl mjmhJ|swhnh Fljhb

KDH" E[- _S_" ;


173/273

8>- Wlb`{hn jlj{bh{jqm k| jlsblf ~l jcbblwldbhm shgfhwbl{c ~l ehjclwbl{c ecgljw* jlskfhbh{bh jllggc{-Hmwhbh Ellw*c Jl{flqclsc'ml Wlfbw* Jcbbcl jhfjw h{hsmghfcj|ekl{wghm jhg flgl db|mhohf wlb`{hnmjlbl{cm kc'w*whk o{lwl wkcdbhoh ol~klm kcbgc{cbjcgc{" lnlmgcj-

N 8? Fmm* _m slml V8Z??>Ellw*c Wljsbcl mjmh


176/273

8>5

J|swhnh Fljhb

KDH" GE- FJ_" T


177/273

8>3

KDH" J^" ;80$;9?

!!!

_hg{lw*c \qjJlfwk Fhbljc

87 Oljqcl'b*l~~lb slml 8??5< |khw slml 8??>

Wlqfc{lEh{kcl Mlq{lw*c Olbblsc'ml

mo D{g| jnlwwc*c skf J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh'mm hsfl{bcfglmjswhn nhfhw `h{*c jhw{g whmmjhs ~l mcm ~l jhghbhbh{mm cglsce|ss|mh jhfj* gl~blwbl{cmglm ~|f k|bhm c{ ql{cml kc'b*cswqmc{gl*c slmcl*c olmk* Ecbnlw*ylmel{ln*jwlhbbcf k||{|bh{hf s{lw*cjmnlsc blnnlm sh~k* bbl{cml c{sb fbmj dbg|| klmbh wlqfc{l*cslm~l{-

KDH" KLD- _S_" ?7*>7$CCT7

}}


178/273

809

j|ewljlb dbhm lnb ~l eh{lflwglm gcjh wl~hff lgcbgcc J|swhnh FljhbYhh wh{hnmghm ol~klm kcbgc{cbjlfbl kl{* jhbjw h{qdb|m|{-

N 89 Jh{w slml V8?Z?>Hmfh{h ^bc ^lfbc

Glnwl{g{Sheh @bck

KDH" KLD- _S_" ?7*>7$^T;3

!!!Gl~blw*c Dsjhmcl

Ydswh ~l Wlb`{hn ~l Wlblndm Jg{clw*c \jjclscWlb`{hnmjl

Jhe{lo1 Hmfh{hM|jh{h1 80>0

W{e1 87 Jh{w slml V8Z??>Kcqqhw hbhohfg{

Gecbcl Mlq{lw*c Olbblsc'ml

M|jh{h cfcgc{- 88 Jh{w V8Z??> w{ebc cfc fwh wlb`{hnmjl*c b*c

mlq{lw*ylmebl{c j|ewl~cwmghm J|swhnh Fljhb Yhh' ehkl{g{ lwgcj-J{|m*cble ol~klm kl{*~loe*c w klmwgh k|b|mg|- Gecbcl mq{kllnlmgc ehq{lwbl{cmcm Jh{h J|whssh{{nb'mh ~l Eh{kcl Mlq{lwc'mcmfdbd{g| f|jhmghmbmh l~jc{ ~l whbjw* jhessh cw lbljc dbjh*bh{mh mhqh{hm kc{ lj{*c ~fccm cegs lgcbjc dbg||m| `{d{|j- K|mhmhqh{hm sl{g*c jwbhh qcg csl gl mdfwh*c mhqh{j kcbgc{jc dbjhf ccmgclkcbc{cj fc jhehbbcmgl fkcb*c co{ db|y dbjhg hmbhbjhghm ~l{cblmljc{bl{ lfsl{c jhefj* hfjlwgc{- K|mghm khfh jl~q* khesjlslblgl N{hmsqbh{ cfc qb ~l cnbf{ kc{ scslw hyd{bh{- K|m|hmbhjhf ylf khscwgc{- N{hmsqbh{ kcqcjbl ehff gdswb|h ~l ocgglm hmbhjhfh{qs|mh jswlmcg kc{ scslwcm okw dbh{hf Jh{h jlslblscmc wlfbnbl{c

~loecbl ehbblwjlc wlmsk lgcd{bh{sh Kc{locf'gl" \{nh'gh ~lsc{ kc{dfl{bl{gl hm qhjmgh wdybh{bh" wnlmfbl{cbl" kdjkhbh{bh jhsj hebc*csbjcl'c bg{jlf" jlsflmbl{cmc hfjhf" `ncb ehbf wlge lwjlfwhqfwmghm kc{ hm dbs|m ~hq`ljlsc ~l k|mh j|fkcb hebc*c sbjcl'mcm` fhwbcj lblgcfbl{c L{jlmcbl{cm h fhbhm fhgm" do|f ~l cewc{bh{cl ccm cml sbjbh{m yl*gl{*yl wloljj| ~l N{hmsq |b~~*c olmkmhcbwco lwjlfgl dbg|fbh{ ~l efjlw*c jl{flqcll Hghmh ~bcsc ~swhsbhhm j{ohhw ~l cbwcobh{gh k|b|mg|| y{dyh`hmghsm hyjhjhs bqj


179/273

808

`lbc{- Hghmh'gh N{hmsqbh{m fh{g Nl{g `hqlwlscmcm 8 Jh{w slml V8Z??>w{ebc msehsmghfc klmg*c jhessh mhqh{* gcffhwcmcqc olbk lgl{cj- Yhhjlqf{ klmgc ghec ~l{gc- Hmlm kl{*~loe*c w h{qlgcd{|j- Hghmh ^bcscOlbhb Kllnlmgc ehq{lwbl{c Jh{h le{cmcm ~hqclwcml gc{ GecbclMlq{lwc'mglm hbg kc{ wlb`{hnmjlc Fcbcfh `b F|~~lwbl{c F|jhmghm@lml{hb G|ncl|u'l wlkb lwjcgc{- Gecbcl Mlq{lwc k| wlb`{hnmjlscmglJh{h hebcscmcm ~l kcbessh lec{gl fhbj dbhm slfcq kcm L{jlmc'mcmjgec slnblwbl{cmc qcf{lgcd{ ~l Hghmh'ghm Jh{h'm clsc ccm wlsebwghk|b|mjhs qjmmgh @lml{hb G|ncl|u'mm ecsscw* cmsmclwyl{~l{mlscml

j{ohhw lgcd{- @lml{hb G|ncl|u gl wglfc jlfwkbh ol~k ~l{jcgc{-N{hmsqbh{m ecsscw* cmsmclwf{mlbl{cml j{ohhw ~|f|mgh sljl{lscqfhbjhq" k|m| cnelm ghec sbljcgcj- Jh{h hebcscmglm kc{ fsjmmeh{lfw* jlnslglwf{mlbl{cml fsj* hqhjmm jowljchm f lwgcfbl{cfwbbl{l ~l hes ocmlwbl{l ~l k| lec{ W{fbl{c'mcm fsj* hqhjmmjl~~cf ~l l{f ~l ncb dbjhbh{mh {hjlm c{ lwgccmcq slnblwcjgglw*c fhbbl qh{nmgh wle~m ccm j|~lmlwgl k|b|mjhfbj kelglm~{lswlgc{- Hmohf Jh{hbbh{m ~l shmohm ~l jwlhggcg fbbl{cmeh{lfw* ocmlwf{mlbl{c mlwolsc dbh{hf ylf df ehw* kll{ nlglgcbjlsc ehslkcbl wljmcml jlj{ dbg||j jlmnccm cswcbqj lblgccwljmw hbjhfbj ok lwjlfglgc{- Jh{h hebcscmc kcb wln{f*c ocms

jlqelk l{cw*c wcl gl{lolscmgl cl lglolcj-8*Kc{ hm l~~lb Fcbcfh'h eljlm q lbbc ~h`dm k|gh" lbbc ~h`dmh{yh" lbbc ~h`dm yhwhwls cj{{ db|mhohfg{-

;*Jh{w w{ecmglm hfglj `h{k jmwfhs Hmg{m eh~bscmgl cowcjlglm kc{ lwl ~l `mbbbl{cm lsbceh dbh{hf Hmg{m ~l @blbc jl~fccmglN{hmsq jlj{bh{mh cfc kcm eh{k wnlm`c ~l cc kc{ ebgl kl q h~ wnlm`c~l wnlm` khmh kcm hglg nclm` ~l dm kc{ l{cw cbl c{jc hglg jcw{hbq ~lkl kcm kdjkhmm wlsbjVcZ-

?*< Jh{w'ghm l~~lb Jh{h shmohmghfc W{f lwl ~l fwhwmm cjbl~l shmohf e{cocml `l{c lfcbjlbl{c-

7*Jh{h ~l Qlw|m" @fs|m eh~bscmglfc W{f fwhw ~l lwlbl{cmcmlsfc dbhm kcm eh{k wnlm`c ~l cc kc{ ebgl k|b|mhm el{ w{b scbe ~lwnlm` khmh q nclm`" dw|q jcw{hbq" kcm nclm` ~l jcw{hbq khmh dmh{l{cw" dm kcm kdjkh" g{w wdy" hm hygh kl q jl{jc" cfc Jh{w'h fhgh{kc'w*wlsbj hm l{cw gc{lscmgl {cohwbl{c-


180/273

80;

l{nmghm g{w fccmcm VwlsbcjcblZ Hghmh'gh k| l{nh esm*c j|jlbllgcblolfgc{-

>*Jh{h'gh Hjl{cfhbbh{h flmgc cewcjjbh{mh wl{f lgcblm N{hmsqjlo{emcml ~l Fmm* _m 83;9 ckwcgsmgh c{jc kcm mns| dbhm L{jlmchebcscmcm khfs dbhm slfcq kcm L{jlmc'mcm wljm*c ehwbh{ ccm kbghfcklcmoc jgglgl qcf{db|mhm ck| jgglglfc l{cw jb ~l ombh{ ql{cmljlsbg{bl{-

0*l fncblsc kc{ N{hmsq fwhs {lnfhwcbl 7 Jh{w'gh Csbecl'glmeh{lflw lglolfgc{- Jlfbwm wl~qc ccm k| fncbll kc{ N{hmsq qkcwc"gcl{ kc{ N{hmsq qkcwc ~l Fcbcfh'ghm kc{ W{f jlj{" kc{ Hmhgdb|jlj{| Dsjhmb Gecbcl Mlq{lwc'mglm kc{ jlj{ ~l L{jlmcl{nmghm j{lfflk kc{ fdjcsdm {lnfhw lglolfgc{-

5*k| ol~k mlq{lwglm whjjlm ml jl~gg* jmgl{col ~l ml glflbcjwmgh kc{ `m whgbw co{ lgcbjlfscqcm wlkb db|mhohfg{-

N 8? Jh{w slml V8?Z?>Hmfh{h ^bc ^lfbc

Glnwl{g{Sheh @bck

KDH" KLD- _S_" ?7*>7$^T?9

}} }}

m`cbwl{l Sfslf Fdjcsl{bccswhmk|b" ;< Jh{w 83;9

M|1 J- ;39

Lgc{ml ^bc ^lfbcKc{cmoc Fdbd{g| F|jhmghm

J|ecggcm

!!

Lgc{ml ^cblwcJlfwk Fhbljc


187/273

803

Klmmjl _{lw*c Jwl{oljlsc

h{f W{hfh [|jbh{(

kelscq ehkl{g{ dbg||m|q ~loecbl d{g|j|q Hmhgdb|'gh cbl{ceh{lflwc hyg ~l J|swhnh Fljhb'cm `h{*c j|mwhqhj hsfl{bl{cmc %lwlbl{cmc#ghwg-

D{hgh cbl{c eh{lflwcjcq khbhhb hmohf cfc `m dbg| ~l cwl fwhwjqNcbhglbnch %Hbhlec{#'c c`b lwgcbl{ ~l Hndmfh{hecsh{'mh gd{| cbl{bcd{bh{-Eoj|m kc{cmoc `m _djh" Hfecsh{ ~l _hbcebc qhkw ~l c`b db|mg|-

Fljhb'cm lwlbl{c kf qcw ~l{l{lf `h{*c j|mwhqhj kc{ s{lwgl {cohwlgcd{bh{- Eh{k jlgmmgh `lw fls{|'b*jcfg{ mh" sl{ ~l jwlhggcgh{ wdybh{ ~l k|mbh{m bl~qjm" nclmf ~lsc{l wl{f lwgcbl{- 8?>88 }}

Fh{h{ M|1 88w{e ~l 893>$053 m|jh{hb wlqfc{l*c hbclbl{c Ellw*c ^lfbl'gl blgl'w*wl*qlff{ k| s{lwbl cgj ~l jhefj lgcblmbl{ wlglm kl{c F|~* Jcbbcl'lecqjlwgl k|b|mj| ~l kcbessh wlsbewh h{gj lwjc qkcwm dbg|fbh{ocelwbl swhmk|b Efjlwc wh{hnmghm G{hjhb [qh jlslblsc ~lsblscbl ~l

cnwc{ ~l csmg cbl jlslbll fh{g{bj dbg|fbh{mghm flmgcbl{cml Ecgl*jw* ^hwhmcl Wl{wkc'mglm jcfg{* jmsck jhh cws ccm kc{ fmmbces wl{wk ~l whmqjc e|ss|m|m Jgnhh*c Jcbbcl ^lfblwc'ml eh~blscwhfh{{|{ lwjcgc{-

k| fh{{mjlmcm co{* hefjmh Jgnhh*c Jcbbcl ~l Jbcl^lfblwbl{c jlj{g|{-

N ;< Wljj|q slml V8?Z?>Kf JcbblwJlobcsc [lsc

J|swhnh Fljhb

\j{* l{cl^lfbc

Nlejc

Jgnhh*c Jcbbcl^lfbcNl~qc

Hgbcl ^lfbcOlbhblggcm H{cn

Gecbcl ^lfbcEhff Kleco E{cocl ^lfbcJ|swhnh Fljhb Jbcl ^lfbcNl{cg Jhh{cn ^lfbcGdfwd{ [qh M|{

Mhnch ^lfbcsjhcb Nqb

fwcsg ^lfbcEhff Kleco

_eecl ^lfbcGdfwd{ Hgmhm

L{fm* Eh{kcl*c\jjcl [lsc

sjlwKOH" 9?9- 85- 8- 8- $8- >-80

}} >>;; }}

Fh{h{ M|1 8;9

O- M|1 8_- M|1 >9

Gl{shglw'glm whebs*c mlns cbl Hmhgdb|'h `llmbl{cm swhmk|b'gh wl{flwgcfbl{c cblbl{cmcm ylf slnb ~l yl{cm kc{ ebgl dbg|fbh{ ~l k|mbh{h`mgl{cblolf yh{hmm sbcjlm jhehbbl{cml wlsbjc lskkm wljm lwjlfql{l `mgl{cblolf kc{ ellwcm _hjs|m'gh wlfbl wl~lssb lgcbgcc Dmklcmoc N{fh F|jhmghmb'mm c{ ql{cml mo Fdbd{g| F|jhmghm*b'mghm kcbgc{cbjc ~l ocelw*c hsfl{clol okmh wllkks lgcbjc ~l jlms*


189/273

858

km*c sc{l ccm gl cfwcqsmm ns e|ss|m|m |jj ~lfblwbl{l whjjcwhfh{{|{ lwjcgc{-

;0 Wljj|q slml V8Z??>

Kf Jcbblw Jlobcsc[ls*c _msc

J|swhnh Fljhb

\j{* l{cl^lfbc

Nlejc

Jgnhh*c Jcbbcl^lfbcNl~qc

Hgbcl ^lfbcOlbhblggcm H{cn

Gecbcl ^lfbcEhff Kleco

E{cocl ^lfbcJ|swhnh Fljhb

Jbcl ^lfbcNl{cg

Jh{cn ^lfbcGdfwd{ [qh M|{

Mhnch ^lfbcsjhcb Nqb

fwcsg ^lfbcEhff Kleco



sjlw

KOH" 9?9- 85- 8- 8- $8-0-;

}} >>?? }}

Fh{h{ M|1 ;83O- M|1 8

_- M|1 8??

F|~* Jcbbcl jn{lqlbl{cmcm cb`sbh Kc{cmoc ~l fcmoc F|~~l*c_l{l mjbh hbmq cfc jn{lqlmcm ckfs ehffmgh L{fm* Eh{kcl*c\jjcl [cslwc'mcm c{mghm kecs ~l k|mbh{m sl{ ahmgh{jh hggcbljhbh{mm _l{ Ahmgh{jh Fmm|'mh wl~nfhm cws ehffmghfcJgnhh*c Jcbbcl ^lfblwc'mcm 87$3$V8?Z?> w{e ~l 759" ?59" ;$?>53m|jh{hb wlqfc{lsc Ellw*c ^lfbl'mcm 8>$3$V8?Z?> w{ecmglfc cowcjmghblgl'w*wlqlff{ hmlm fhk|b fh{{*`{ dbj|g|{-

N 85 Lbb slml V8?Z?>

Kf Jcbblw

Jlobcsc [lscJ|swhnh Fljhb

\j{* l{cl

^lfbcNlejc

Jgnhh*c Jcbbcl

^lfbc mjmhsjlw%Ehswh#

Hgbcl ^lfbc

mjmh HejlgJ|ewh{

Gecbcl ^lfbc[lnlw

E{cocl^lfblwc ^lfbc

Hejlg J|ewh{Jbcl ^lfbc

Nl{cgJh{cn ^lfbc

Gdfwd{ [qh M|{

Mnch ^lfbc fwcsg ^lfblwc^lfbc




190/273

85;

Jhej|g Olbhb sjlw

KOH" 9?9- 85- 8- 8- $8- 8;-8

Documents

Belgelerle Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK (1916 - 1922)