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Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 1
飛越小林飛越小林‧‧益川 益川 ─ ─ 尋找尋找四代夸克四代夸克Beyond Kobayashi-Maskawa
─ Search for 4th Generation Quarks
April 5, 2011, 兩岸 PP/Cosm Workshop @ NTHU
the Experimentheorist
⊳
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 2
I. Intro: 「「 Summit 」」 Project on 4G !?
II. Back to 2004: AK , PEW , t′ Surprise / FPCP4 / Bs → J/ / 「 Nature 」 / CPV4BAU
III. Strategizing NTUCMS
IV. The 2008 Nobel: from KM to Nambu Large Yukawa, ⟨QQ⟩, UB ↝ Lattice
V. Money Matters & Summiteering
VI. “Summit” 3 + I Status
VII. Conclusion
Outline
_
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 3
3
I+
「「 Summit 」」 Project on 4G4G !?!?
5-yr Approval
四代夸克的追尋四代夸克的追尋
I. Intro
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 4
II. Back to 2004: AK , PEW , t′ Surprise / FPCP4 / Bs → J/ / 「 Nature 」 / CPV4BAU
ICHEP 2004, Beijing
ACP(B K)ACP(B K)
ACP(K) = 0.04 0.05 0.02
275M BB New
K: 728 53
Large EW penguin (Z0) ?
New Physics ?
[also seen by BaBar]
_d
d
K
u u
B sb
Sakai
the Thread that Lead ...
hint that ACP(K) ACP(K) ? (2.4)
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 6
My first B (and 4G :) paper
nondecoupling
2
Z
FF GG
dimensionsdimensions
WSH, Willey, Soni
<2m2tm
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 7
Decoupling Thm: Heavy Masses are decoupled in QED/QCD ∵∵ Appear in Propagator
NondecouplingNondecoupling: Yukawa Couplings QQ Appear in NumeratorSubtlety of Spont. Broken Chiral Gauge Theory dynamical
Nondecoupling
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 8
_d
d
Ku u
B sb t ’
Surprise: B → K DCPV Difference
• AK observed 2004; AKnot significant, but deviate by
• b → s Z-penguin: Nondecoupled t ’ w/
- PQCD at LO WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL, 2005
- PQCD at NLO WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL, 2007
⇨ Can in principle generate Ak
Not anticipated !
DifferenceIs
Large !
Ak
btst VV ''
Can determine full 4 4 by facing all flavor constraints WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD, 2005
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 9
b’, t ’ @ (Tevatron/)LHC
GIM , charm, K
small ’/, K (still waiting)
heavy top , sin2
Z dominance for heavy top1986 2002
All w/ 3-generations, Just wait if there’s a 4th
BBss
AAFBFB
Nondecoupling
∵ ∵ Large Yukawa !
On Boxes and Z Penguins
D ! D !
Z bb
Agenda for All Aspects of Flavor/CPV
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 10
Can determine full 4 4 by facing all flavor constraints
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’0505
WSH, Ma, PRD’10
⇨⇨ CKM4
Illustration
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 11
Surprise: B → K DCPV Difference
_d
d
Ku u
B sb t ’
• AK observed 2004; AKnot significant, but deviate by
• b → s Z-penguin: Nondecoupled t ’ w/
- PQCD at LO WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL, 2005
- PQCD at NLO WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL, 2007
⇨ Can in principle generate Ak
Not anticipated !
DifferenceIs
Large !
Ak
btst VV ''
Can determine full 4 4 by facing all flavor constraints WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD, 2005
t
’
t
’Predict sinsin22BBs s toto
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 12
Fermilab
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 13
sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07 (already in 05)
sin2Bs ~ 0.33
WSH, Ma, arXiv:1004.2186 [hep-ph]
4th generation “prediction” still robust, but needs LHCb to verify
Also, Soni et al., arXiv:1002.0595 [hep-ph] Buras et al. arXiv:1002.2126 [hep-ph] Lenz et al., arXiv:1005.3505 [hep-ph]
comment: probably hadronic enhanced probably hadronic enhanced ss
sin2Bs ≡ sins
≡ sin2s
s seems smaller
Summer ’10
4G RehabPRD’10
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 14
4G Rehabilitation
~ 100 citations~ 100 citations
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 15
_d
d
Ku u
B sb t ’
Surprise: B → K DCPV Difference
• AK observed 2004; AKnot significant, but deviate by • Belle Nature 2008:
• b → s Z-penguin: Nondecoupled t ’ w/
- PQCD at LO WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL, 2005
- PQCD at NLO WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL, 2007
⇨ Can in principle generate Ak
Predict sinsin22BBs s toto
Not anticipated !
4.44.4by single experiment
DifferenceIs
Large !
Ak
btst VV ''
t
’
t
’
Can determine full 4 4 by facing all flavor constraints WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD, 2005
Lin, Unno, WSHWSH, Chang et al.
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 16
the 4G Leap
One day late summer 2007, it occurred to me …
If shift by One Generation in SM4 (need 3 generation in KM)
Some Some JJ-like-like Object Object Gains 10Gains 1015 15 w/ 4 Generationsw/ 4 Generations
WSH, arXiv:0803.1234 [hep/ph]
Providence
CJP’09
Jarlskog invariant
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 17
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 18
III. Strategizing NTUCMS 漢中策略 / Critical Mass / b’ → tW
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 19
Find bb’’, tt’’, or Rule Out @ LHC
44thth generation? — The jury is out …
In era of LHC, can Directly Search for b’, t ’ Once and For All !
It’s a Duty.
Strategy Considerations ( )• Well shielded training ground — All ToolsAll Tools ☞ Move on to Greener Pastures ~ in 2 years
• Publish early — Large Cross Section - If “Limits”, then easy to publish - If “Signal”, Lucked Out!
Strategic Planning for CMS Physics Analysis Vision ~ Early ’06
Well shielded
Publish early
WSH & Arhrib, JHEP’06
Take disfavored status of 4G
to our advantage, i.e. as cover
Act II
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 20
Taiwan
Key: People @ CERN
0 5 9 people @ CERN3/07 4/08 4/09
5 doctoral students
$$$$$$
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 21
Analysis Status pre-“accident”: b’ → tW
(PAS) 9/2008
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 22
IV. The 2008 Nobel: from KM to Nambu
Large Yukawa, ⟨QQ⟩, UB ↝ Lattice_
Strategizing NCTS-North: LHC/Plasmonics/GPU
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 23
"for the discoverdiscovery of the mechanism of spontaneous brokenspontaneous brokensymmetrysymmetry in subatomic physics"
"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"
Thoughts on the other 1/2 Nobel Prize
Photo: Universtity of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University
Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa
1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize
USA Japan Japan
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan
Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
b. 1921(in Tokyo, Japan)
b. 1944 b. 1940
SSB ! Yukawa Largeby
Condensecan QQ
Could EWSB be due to b’ and t’ above unitarity boundunitarity bound ~ 500-600 GeV ?
Bob Holdom: N–J-L [Bardeen, Hill, Lindner
Gustavo Burdman: “Holographic” 4th gen.
59
Need Study PlatformHiggs-Yukawa Higgs-Yukawa onon Lattice Lattice
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 24
Strong, Nonperturbative Yukawa sets in !
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 25
V. Money Matters & Summiteering 「 CHF Debt 」 / Beyond “Conceptual” / Vulcanized:
Pixel I
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 26
2009 年
Money Matters & 攻頂之路
密辛 2008 年即從台大校長得知攻頂計劃方案,但表示不會申請,因覺得被認 為已拿太多錢,背上會挨滿箭
2009 年春得知被 CERN 認定 7 年來欠四十萬瑞郎,雖在半年内找到管道 還清,但認清參與 CERN 需要資源,開始認真考慮攻頂。
2008-2009 年粒子物理發展開始對四代夸克漸漸有利 …
2009 年 12 月提構想案,但硬體方案沒有著落 (rad. hard crystals?) 。
2010 年 4 月構想案審查通過,但有意見強調實驗必須有強的硬體方案 … … Iceland volcano
2010 年 5 月 6 日∶ 50 hour roundtrip to PSI near Zurich … Pixel I ! 5 月 15 日 file proposal !
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 27
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 28
2009 年
Money Matters & 攻頂之路
2008 年即從校長得知,但表示不會申請,因覺得被認為已拿太多錢,背 上會挨滿箭
2009 年春得知被 CERN 認定 7 年來欠四十萬瑞郎,雖在半年内找到管道 還清,但認清參與 CERN 需要資源,開始認真考慮攻頂。
2008-2009 年粒子物理發展開始對四代夸克漸漸有利 …
2009 年 12 月提構想案,但硬體方案沒有著落 (rad. hard crystals?) 。
2010 年 4 月構想案審查通過,但有意見強調實驗必須有強的硬體方案 … … Iceland volcano
2010 年 5 月 6 日∶ 50 hour roundtrip to PSI near Zurich … Pixel I ! 5 月 15 日 file proposal !
密辛
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 29
VI. “Summit” 3 + I Status
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 30
3
I
++
• 4G Search
arXiv:1102.4746 [hep-ex], based on 2010 data
b’ heavier than 361 GeV• Collider Pheno
- Manpower at NTUHEP (jointly with Xiao-Gang) - Prelim. results: + New Yukawa Bound States? + nEDM4 perhaps accessible to SNS + Can generate BAU if assume bubble wall + Other …
• Lattice Yukawa
- Contact with DESY-Zeuthen - New Cluster ~ May; will run larger lattice
After > half year politics, Pixel Upgrade Phase-1 MB Phase-1 MB formed
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 31
~ same as CDF 1/2011 update w/ 4.8 fb
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 32
3
I
++
• 4G Search
arXiv:1102.4746 [hep-ex], based on 2010 data
b’ heavier than 361 GeV• Collider Pheno
- Manpower at NTUHEP (jointly with Xiao-Gang) - Prelim. results: New Yukawa Bound States? nEDM4 perhaps accessible to SNS Can generate BAU4 if assume bubble wall Other …
• Lattice Yukawa
- Contact with DESY-Zeuthen; run smaller lattice - New Cluster ~ May; will run larger lattice
After > 1/2 year politics, Pixel Upgrade Phase-1 MB Phase-1 MB formed
Will aim for new NTU「拔尖」 Project
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 33
CMS Pixel Upgrade Phase 1 Management Board
ChairChair
BPix
FPix
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 34
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 35
VII. Conclusion:
Collect Bets on 4G
> Last Chance for you to Bet Against 4G ! <
It may appear in these two years• Impact FP/CPV4 ↝ BAU4• Turn EWSB4 Upside Down
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 36
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 37
Kobayashi’s Nobel slides
JJ seems short by at least
Jarlskog invariant
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 38
What about Strength of Phase Transition?
Higgs potential at T 0
4322
220 )(1 HHTEH
T
TmHV T
cT
regulate transition strength: bosons
• For For mmHH > 72> 72 GeV transition is a GeV transition is a crossover
― ― rules out BAU in SMrules out BAU in SM. .
• Typically invoke SUSY: Typically invoke SUSY: light stoplight stop
• With SM4, no new bosons With SM4, no new bosons still insufficient still insufficient
GeV 100Tc
W, Z
Kajantie. Laine, Rummukainen, Shaposhnikov, 1996Kajantie. Laine, Rummukainen, Shaposhnikov, 1996
Fok and Kribs, 2008Fok and Kribs, 2008
e.g. Carena, Quiros, Seco, Wagner, 2000e.g. Carena, Quiros, Seco, Wagner, 2000
Caveats
• “Nambu PairingPairing” or Condensate (Strong Yukawa !) could enter E(T)• (Multi-)Higgs field likely compositecomposite in presence of Strong Yukawa
Could nonperturbative Yukawa save the day? Lattice Higgs-YukawaLattice Higgs-Yukawa
perturbative
Beyond KM – 4G George W.S. Hou (NTU) 兩岸 @ NTHU, Apr. ’11 39
N.B. QCDF did not predict AK;
SCET got wrong sign for Ak
but PQCD did predict (ca. 2001) sign and strength of AK;
PAMELA !
• PAMELA e+ could be due to (near by) Pulsars (so, Astrophysics); see e.g. Hooper, Blasi and Serpico, JCAP01(2009)025
BUT THAT DIDN’T STOP DM PARTICLE SPECULATOR/THEORISTS
• B → K DCPV Difference could be due to “Enhanced Color-suppressed Enhanced Color-suppressed CC”
AND THIS SEEMS TO STOP FURTHER THOUGHTS ACROSS ATLANTIC !?
What Theorists Should Do ! (like “Blind Analysis”)