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fígÜr¸r± ¡yØÔ~pÙp|Úk§íÛ (h*r¸r± ¾ å ´PoGOLite

¬25 - 80 keV

Ë :i 7'p©tªrÂajky¡mßîðxrñ« Æ«ÇpË Mp½¾N¿61 l!m ~R x IJK«zLt Û

30 lm ~n 56Ë%o Zxp;q¡r Ç yØÔ~pÙp|Úk§íÛ)s m Vy ÆtÇ mêëtéL§SUT :V ½¾N¿ 56 ´àáy£¶±ut!4rÂdvïµwhx # ÷NÒtêNë«é¬Øì~«Ùt|mÚp§ÜÛ Myw # Är¡mßîðx¸mòt|~ó+s m V¡z³Ò\Øì~tÙt|mÚt§ÜÛ %|~ õ Ò Æ«Ç î)"ÑÀpÁÜ ö;# ¡Rz -[ ëÂßm´+¬%Mk½ ¾N ± I JK«zLt Û 91 lm ~n ÕÖ«²±³¬% Ë xrêNë«éRL§SUT XV Ë% ÿ Ë ÝÕ«Ö«DLóJ!+ïµÎxïµ[ r¸r±Nþ;ïµ Æ ´

ASTRO-H

HXI¬

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SGD¬

10 - 600 keVË' i p¹tº©pªÜ

´?tl 56 ½ ¾¿¡ßm Æ«Ç ó'ótÂXÜÓ Ò¸r±Þ·ìÓ xHXI/SGD

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Ñm´APD

¬té! !¡¡mßÂh¢£tt½¾N¿r¡kßk Æ«Ç tç«é¤ ô¥ î õ Õ«Öa¦ _'§ ÂtazÑ´kñr¸¡ I hJ[Kz!L« ÛN¡¨×kØì~tÙt|mÚp§ Û Õ«Ö Ë%© µ õ d]^ª!fpÕ«Ö «¾®p Æ«ÇpË%« °r¡m'¬h­ ò!K³VÂh®y Ë m´[ÜÓ Ò Æ ¬h­!¯r¡ I°[± ÙtòKNDVwG²rm¸±N¬%ÔµNÑ ÆÇ x ASTRO-H¡¬

FPGAË ³K'´:Vò;KnVtµ:ìµkÑr´w¸NÒ Ë î)¶·wh¸ É f;¹pëÜG²mxrñ+º|»V«|!¼rr¸± õ -: ±³m´¾½ttr¡m¬G¿ Ë

HXI/SGD½¾N¿w³Kh´XVNò'K

V Ë%56 r¸r±À 3 µ ÆFIR

ò;KnVt # µ Æ ´'G;Á]hÂ%Ã;Ä¡BGO+APD

ÕtÖ Ë ÅÆÜwÇZm·È Í xrò!K³DV o Z¸m± ¡!ÉÊ ñ40 %

ùX9pm¸± Ë%#!Ë µ Æ ´

Ì

Í1 Î Ï!Ð 9

1.1 ÑÒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.2 ÓÔRÕDÖ%× . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Í2 Î SpaceWire 12

2.1 SpaceWire Õ+ØÙ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.2 SpaceWire IF ÚÛ Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.2.1 DIO Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.2.2 FADC Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.2.3 Router Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.3 FPGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.3.1 VHDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.4 SpaceCube Ü Gigabit Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.4.1 SpaceCube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.4.2 SpaceWire Gigabit Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.5 Remote Memory Access Protocol(RMAP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.6 SpaceWire Ý%ÞßXà+áâãã 1:PoGOLite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.6.1 Phoswitch Detector-Cells (PDC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.6.2 Side Anticoincidence Shield (SAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.7 SpaceWire Ý%ÞßXà+áâãã 2:ASTRO-H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.7.1 HXI/SGD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2.7.2 ASTRO-H ä'åæ;ç BGO èXéêë!ìíîïñð . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

2.7.3 BGO òó;ôõ;ö÷ø . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Í3 Î PoGOLite ù:úXûXü+ýXþRÿ 36

3.1 ÓÔÖ%× . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3.2 PoGOLite ÜÕ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

3.2.1 !#"$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

3.2.2 %$'&)(*+,- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3.2.3 FADC Board Ü DIO Board :Õ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

3.3 .0/1ní325476î8Ü9[ä:Xæà . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3.3.1 ;<=7>é(*@?2 ð . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

3.3.2 .0/1ní325476î8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3.3.3 .0/1ní325476î8ÞÕA:î8BCDí$ê+#DE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

1

Í4 Î Astro-H HXI/SGD ù BGO FHGI#JK 58

4.1 ÓÔÖ%× . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

4.2 AëL@8ïNM;ëï8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

4.2.1 OPQRSM;ëï8ÜUTVWM;ëï8ÕXY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

4.3 AëL@8ïNM;ëï8Ý%ÞßXà Trigger Z[ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

4.4 \]_^ FIR M;ëï8Õ`:Þ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

4.4.1 FIR M;ëï8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

4.4.2 BPF Ý FIR M;ëï8aY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

4.4.3 FIR M;ëï8bc;ãdfehgdi] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

4.4.4 jnè32# ;Ý5klnm+à FIR M;ëï8Õao e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

4.4.5 pM7&?q!èä3rç FIR Õstuv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

4.5 ADC w1DÕxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

4.5.1 ADC128S102 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

4.5.2 ADC128S102 íSzèhï;ò| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

4.6 ADC128S102 Ý%ÞßXà FIR M;ëï8 Õ~/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4.6.1 ADC128S102 XÞ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4.6.2 FPGA [Õ FIR M;ëï8_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Í5 Î @a_5 99

A úWü35ü (Digital Filter) 100

A.1 è#3!(M;ëï8 ÜAëL@8ïNM;ëï8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

A.2 AëL@8ï!òó ÜAëL@8ïNM;ëï8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

A.2.1 AëL@8ï!òó Ü0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

A.2.2 M;ëï8!ì!_>é##TV|3UW5d Ü d;Ø/¡# . . . . . . 105

A.3 AëL@8ïNM;ëï8Õ~¢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

A.3.1 OPQRSM;ëï8 (LPF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

A.3.2 TVWM;ëï8 (HPF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

A.3.3 £¤;ã . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

A.3.4 ¥>4¦e§M;ëï8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

A.4 FIR M;ëï8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

A.4.1 FIR M;ëï8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

A.4.2 FIR M;ëï8Õ~gd¨W© . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

A.5 ªXD×^M;ëï8Ý FIR M;ëï8aY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

A.5.1 HPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

A.5.2 BPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

B ADC128S102 «¬:ù­®@¯°²±´³µ 123

B.1 ADC128S102 XÞ÷øDè#3!(¶ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

B.1.1 è#3!(¶÷øo e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

B.1.2 LTspice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

2

B.1.3 LTspice ä3rçè#3!(÷øDí_·#¸N6î¹& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

B.2 ADC128S102 XÞ÷øºAL@8ï¶ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

3

» ¼ ½

2.1 Data-Strobe òó . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.2 ¾:îXì+ïÕ~D¿ [10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.3 À#Áé8'eÃÂ2èaÄÅÆ2 [10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.4 SpaceWire ä'åæ;çØyS¥î ð§[ÕÇ÷#È$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.5 SpaceWire FPGA Memory Map Õ~¢ [26][27] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.6 UserFPGA Internal Bus Ü SpaceWire FPGA SpaceCube ÕH0g [9][3] . . . . . 15

2.7 SpaceWire IF ÚÛ DIO Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.8 DIO Board ì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.9 SpaceWire IF ÚÛ FADC Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.10 FADC Board ì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.11 SpaceWire IF ÚÛ Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.12 Router ì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.13 VHDL ä3rç!LÆ>éÉeËÊ:î¹&Ì¢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.14 SpaceCube ÕÍÎ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.15 SpaceWire Gigabit Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.16 ÏÐ7z)ÑS>a ð I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.17 PoGOLite u©ãÒÚÛÓ09ç0<ÔÖÕ@2 ð)* [3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.18 PoGOLite ä3rç0×Ø;âyRÕ~ÙÚ [3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.19 PoGOLite u©ãRÕ~k_ [3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.20 È$3M3Û0ÅÆ2Üî@M*ÅÝ&uä'åæ;ç PDC ÞßS>&uÕÍÎ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.21 PDC Õ 1 ÞßS>&Ã [4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2.23 PDC Õ~àDí325476î8a:Õ~ [4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.22 PoGOLite u©ãRÕá#â_ [4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.24 È$3M3Û0ÅÆ2Üî@M*ÅÝ&uä'åæ;ç SAS ÞßS>&uÕÍÎ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.25 ãä X åæçèé ASTRO-H ê-ëì_Å*$'& [25] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.26 ASTRO-H $¾LH¸'îï [25] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.27 ASTRO-H Õ~àáâ Æí;äîïÓ09[à+áâ3ðÁïÆñ!î~òó [25] . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2.28 HXI Õ~D¿ [3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

2.29 SGD Õ~D¿ [7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

2.31 À@2# n&2~ôÏ*'Õ~õõ [3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

2.30 SGD áâòóDä'åæ;ç Si Ü CdTe ÕØ ç_ö÷ WÀ@2# n&2)øù dú á#âû [33] . . 32

2.32 NüNýþèé HXD HvSÓ09[àÿ BGO èXéêë!ìíîïñðuä3rç=7>é(*?2 ðuÕ [21][22] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

2.33 HXI ä'åæ;çòó;ôõ¶ÖÀ@2 :îÁÆ2S& [23] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4

2.34 HXI/SGD Õ APD òó;ôõ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

3.1 PoGOLite 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

3.2 PoGOLite PDC ¶Dä'åæ;çn&zhòóDÕ~P_: [17] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

3.3 FADC Board BC7m+à~DÕ~¢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

3.4 PoGOLite nì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

3.5 Dä3rç FastPeak Ü SlowPeak Õß . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

3.6 PoGOLite ä'åæ;ç07m+à~DÕA:î8MîÑS>& (1 :110 byte) . . . . . 41

3.7 7m+à~ ÝÅS2S& xnm+à 2 ãS%$'&)(*+ [4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

3.8 1 Ø1Dä'åæ;çHÀ@2# n&2)øù ÜUØ ç_ö÷ Õ~ [17] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3.10 3.3 Õ ch.0 Ý;$ 6>+íuïñð! yN%$'&)(*+#\"Æ$#Õ Pulse

Height ï&%:ç . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3.9 PoGOLite aé!_>é8#ÅN·2( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

3.11 PoGOLite %$'&)(*+,-nì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3.12 PoGOLite XÕ'(:Õ PMT äåXæç¥Å*)_%0$ & (*~+ 700 Ü 850 ch. ä + 9çÂî:é ADC Õ-,./"Rä0 ú m21;ßç . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

3.13 PoGOLite %$'&)(*+,-aé!_>é8#ÅN·2( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3.14 PoGOLite RÕ3ä465Xä'åæ;ç#"S>& èÆ>a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

3.15 FADC Board ä'åæ;ç PDC/SAS £:Þ÷ø . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

3.16 PoGOLite :Õ PDC/SAS/ .0/1ní325476î8Ý$187$9 e 92 :DÕ PMT Õ¥#Å)N%$'&)(*+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

3.17 í_·#¸N6î;í2hä3rç=7>é(*@?2 ðþ$-;Ré7&ï [16][4] . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3.18 \<W.0/1=óDä'åæ;ç 3He(n, p) Ü 6Li(n, α) Õ dú á#âûRÕ >?DäH.0/1DÕðÁïÆñ!î [eV] @?N dú á#âû ( =î_2 ) AXç [8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3.19 BGO BDC LiCAF(Eu/Ce) BDC0ÍÎ [20] Ü5./1Rí2 46¾îH8 D¿/M- $Å>4D¿DÕà% BGO B6CaÜ LiCAF B6C#EFaÝ2GIHKJî3ÒAXç . . . . . . 54

3.20 BGO Ü LiCAF(Eu) í325476î;í2)Ø (FADC Board ÕH Wzè32# ©/L )[20] 54

3.21 BGO Ü LiCAF(Ce) í325476î;í2)Ø (FADC Board ÕH Wzè32# ©/L )[20] 54

3.22 .0/1ní325476î8Õà%;Õ FPGA ì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

3.23 MON) Ý2PLÖm+àQRRÕ ch. F;ôõDÕS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

3.24 BGO Ü~.0/1ní325476î8 LiCAF(Eu) ÕXì*254Õ [20] . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

3.25 BGO Ü~.0/1ní325476î8 LiCAF(Eu) ÕÅS2S&þ" 6%é!í2%$'&)(*+ [20] 57

4.1 APMU :Õ VETO òóHS%$'&)(*+,-nì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

4.2 OPQRSM;ëï8ÕXì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

4.3 '*TD×^aOPQRSM;ëï8Õbc;ãd Ý2U$VXàQRRÕ~d;Ø/ (fs = 1MHz) . . 61

4.4 TVWM;ëï8ÕXì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

4.5 TVWM;ëï8Õbc;ãd Ý2U$VXà~d;Ø/ (fs = 1MHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

4.6 VETO òó3©LsWÕwâ#yhÞßçê#$ & Èï$0a (Trise = 0.5usec, Tfall = 50usec Wzè32# 580K ©/L fs = 2.35MHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

4.7 VETO òóW©/LsWDÕaZ[ä'åæ;ç Trigger Module Õ3 . . . . . . . . . . . 63

5

4.8 4.7 Õ Discri ¶Dä'åæ;ç Trigger Module $ 6>+íuïñð! y !#"$ . . . . . 64

4.9 TVWM;ëï8 (Tap=3) d;Ø/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

4.10 TVWM;ëï8Ýnm+à~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

4.11 TV + OPQRSMëï8d;Ø/ ( X : OPQRSMëï8 8Y : TVWMëï8 [Z : OPQR ÜUTVWM;ëï8ÕR- ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

4.12 4.11 ÕXåWM;ëï8Ýnm+à~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

4.13 4.11 ÕZåWM;ëï8Ýnm+à~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

4.14 ê$'& È;ï@$Ý%ÞßXà VETO òóDÕH©/LsW;ây"S>& èÆ>a . . . . . . . . . . 65

4.15 500 Hz zaÂî¹&uä'åæ;ç#$ 6>+íuïñðÝ2U$VXàQRRÕH©/LsW . . . . . . . . . 66

4.16 10 kHz zaÂî¹&uä'åæ;ç#$ 6>+íuïñðÝ2U$VXàQRRÕH©/LsW . . . . . . . . . 66

4.17 OPQR (Tap=3) M;ëï8\]7m5:Õ@*2Üa+È;ï@$©/LsW . . . . . . . . . . 67

4.18 ^È;ï@$_:Õ~u©5sWDÕ+ây"S>& èÆ>a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

4.19 OPQR (Tap=3) M;ëï8\]7m5:Õ^È;ï@$#u©5sW . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

4.20 FIR M;ëï8ÕXì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

4.21 FIR BPF( `8aòó 100-300 kHz) b#cã:ÕdÝbUV'àÜ0Õ##dØ#/ (fs = 1.17MHz) 71

4.22 FIR BPF( aòó 100-300kHz) Õbc;ãd Ý2U$VXàQRRÕ~d;Ø/ . . . . . . 72

4.23 FIR BPF bc;ãdDÕßXä3rç cTdef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

4.24 FIR BPF( aòó 100-300kHz) Õ~gdi]aÝ2U$VXàQRRÕ~d;Ø/ . . . . . . 73

4.25 FIR BPF gdi]RÕßXä3rç cTdef ( >? : M;ëï8gdi] 2n Õ n bcãdFRäH !_>&5m21;ßç ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

4.26 BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg) HICPreAmp,ADC128S102 ä_r'ç 241Am ò;ó ( Y )

Ü¥#Å-) ( X ) Õ~d-V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

4.27 ClearPulse Shaper 4417 ShapingTime F²d;Ø/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

4.28 ORTEC Shaper 571 ShapingTime F d;Ø/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

4.29 CP Ü ORTEC Shaper d;Ø/hg*i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

4.30 gdRÕ0j/Õ ß;ärç5RÕ Uk ( X : UÜ^;ç zwè2a ò!ó8Y : l0-jgdM;ëï8änm+ànÜ#Õ~HZ : m0jgdSM;ëï8änm+ànÜ#Õ~ ) . . . . 77

4.31 gd3Ò8l0jRÕQR ( Y ) ÜKm0jRÕQR ( Z ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

4.32 gd3Ò8l0j ÜKm0jRÕQRRä3rç0d;Ø/ (BPF 100-300kHz) . . . . . . . . . 78

4.33 FIR M;ëï8a Shaper( 4.15) ÝnYnm ÖÂî:é2o_íÝ2UkÖÓ p[àQRRÕ~dØ/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

4.34 d;Ø/Räq_M"S>&Ýr6Vç!à%;Õ FIR M;ëï8Õ~gd gn . . . . . . . . . . 80

4.35 d;Ø/Räq_M"S>&Ý/([æ;ç!à%;Õ~gd hn( sRä3r-t/1q_M"S>&uÕ~]RÒ[u^:ç ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

4.36 4.35 Õ~àgdDä'åæ;ç0d;Ø/ ( sÆ 4.35 Üv0 ú m21;ßç ) . . . . . . . . . 80

4.37 FPGA :Õ~BCD_:ÕA:î8MîÑS>& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

4.38 241Am Ý BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg) äwx3 HICPreAmp ©L;òXóÝ FADC

Board BC7m+à~ (fs = 1.17MHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

4.39 pM7&?q!è:Õ FIR M;ëï8Õ~uväÞßç0àWM;ëï8gdDä'åæ;ç0d;Ø/ 82

4.40 4.38 ä FIR2bit M;ëï8Ýnm+à~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

6

4.41 4.38 ä FIR BPF 25-150kHz Ýnm+à~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

4.42 4.38 ä FIR Analog1 60kHz Ýnm+à~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

4.43 4.38 ä FIR Analog2 60kHz Ýnm+à~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

4.44 pM7&?q!èä3rç FIR M;ëï8Ý%ÞßXà3%$'&)(*+*g*i (BGO+APD 241Am

-15deg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

4.45 ADC128S102 SerialTiming Diagram[29] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

4.46 SPI ;ònì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

4.47 SPI Master In Slave Out Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4.49 ADC128S102 Xâ ( À#Áé8 yPw1 z ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4.50 ADC128S102 â ( ÈW8î_2 @Pw1 z ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

4.48 ADC128S102 ÷ø3 ADC w1DÕ[|*4DäÊHÅÆ2 1 Õ d è32# ;Ý0@AëL@8ï-P©/L:î¹&uäa=7>M3ÛÝ~Æí8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4.51 ADC128S102 ä3r-t/1BC7m+à$# (10 kHz) òó . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

4.52 26=b’11010’ Õ$@>& íHM7& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

4.53 @>& íHM7&Ý2XÞm+àe| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

4.54 Ü FPGA , FIR M;ëï8 [ gd 1,0,-1] Ýnm+àRÕ~ . . . . . . . . . 92

4.55 FIRAnalog2 Peak:60kHz Offset150% Tap16 #gd3Ò 220 d ( X ) Ü 28 jd ( Y )

:Õ~d;Ø/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

4.56 BGO+APD PreAmpOut 241Am ( ) ÜpM &?q!è FIR8bit M;ëïW8Ýnm+à~ ( , ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

4.57 4.56 ÕHN§CÃ9;à 241Am 59.5 keV % $n&Ã(#*0+ ( : Më ï38| :FIR8bit

M;ëï8 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

4.58 ADC128S102 ÝwÞ;ß!à5åAî8)BC8*H">@&)è> [BGO+APD(Gain

100,-15 ] )] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

4.59 BGO+APD(Gain100,-15 ] ) ADC128S102 Ý%ÞßXà 241Am [ M;ëï8]7m ] . 95

4.60 HICPreAmp òó Ý ADC128S102( X ) Üq[í!#$_ÀîH ( Y ) BC7m+à~ . . . 95

4.61 BGO+APD(Gain100,-15 ] ) ADC128S102 ÝÞ:ß;à 241Am [FIR 2bit M!ë ïN8 ] 96

4.62 BGO+APD(Gain100,-15 ] ) ADC128S102 ÝÞ:ß;à 241Am [FIR 8bit M!ë ïN8 ] 96

4.63 FIR8bit M;ëï8 ( Y ) Ü Ortec Shaper (τ=2usec)( X ) Õ~d;Ø/ . . . . . . . . 96

4.64 FIR8bit M;ëï8 ( Y ) Ü Ortec Shaper (τ=2usec)( X ) ä3rç HICPreAmp DÕj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

4.65 BGO+APD(Gain100,-15 ] ) ADC128S102 ÝÞß1 FPGA ,HB@C¹mà 241Am

%$'&)(*+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

4.66 BGO+APD(Gain100,-15 ] ) ADC128S102 ÝÞ:ß-1 FPGA ,aBC m%à 137Cs %$'&)(*+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

A.1 àWM;ëï8ÕaòóH/òóDÕ3rDH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

A.2 è#3!( Low Pass Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

A.3 A.2 ä'å;ß1 C=500 pF R=500 Ω ÕQRRÕ~d;Ø/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

A.4 AëL@8ï M;ëï8Õ~¢ : OPQRSM;ëï8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

A.5 2010 6< (1 /1 _ ) [32] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

7

A.6 2010 6DÕ~< (1 )QR ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

A.7 è#3!(òóDÕ AD UDÕS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

A.8 AëL@8ïNM;ëï8!ì!_>é#:ÖÀ@2 :îÁÆ2S& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

A.9 OPQRSM;ëï8ÕXì!_>é# ( A.4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

A.10 OPQRSM;ëï8d;Ø/ (Tap=1,fs = 1MHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

A.11 OPQRSM;ëï8Õ['*TD×^:ì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

A.12 '*TD×^aOPQRSM;ëï8d;Ø/ (fs = 1MHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

A.13 TVWM;ëï8Õ['*TD×^:ì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

A.14 '*TD×^~TVWM;ëï8d;Ø/ (fs = 1MHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

A.15 £¤;ãnì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

A.16 £¤;ãRÕ~d;Ø/ (fs = 1MHz, F0 = fs/6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

A.17 ¥>4_M;ëï8!ì!_>é# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

A.18 ¥>4_M;ëï8Õ~d;Ø/ (fs = 1MHz, F0 = fs/6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

A.19 FIR M;ëï8!ì!_>é# ( ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

A.20 FIR BandPassFilter ( `aó 100 - 300 kHz,fs = 1.17MHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

A.21 õìR×^ Low Pass Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

A.22 FIR M;ëï8gd Üv5d ÜÕH0g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

A.23 FIR LPF bc;ãRÕd Ý2U$VXànÜ#Õ~d;Ø/ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

A.24 FIR LPF bc;ãRÕd Ý2U$VXànÜ#Õ~d;Ø/ (fs = 1.17MHz) . . . . . . . . . 120

A.25 FIR HPF bc;ãRÕd Ý2U$VXànÜ#Õ~d;Ø/ (fs = 1.17MHz) . . . . . . . . . 121

A.26 FIR BPF bc;ãRÕd Ý2U$VXànÜ#Õ~d;Ø/ (fs = 1.17MHz) . . . . . . . . . 122

B.1 NS Rä3rç ADC128S102 ÷ø [29] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

B.2 ADC XÞ è#3!(¶÷ø . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

B.3 LTspice ä3rç ADC Board è#3!(÷øDí_·#¸N6î;í2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

B.4 ADC Board è#3!(¶ní_·#¸N6î¹& ( Y :Vin X :Vout) . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

B.5 a;PL_:ä'åæ;ç è32# !Õ¡¢F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

B.6 ADC Board è#3!(¶d;Ø/Dí_·#¸N6î¹& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

B.7 ADC Board AL@8ﶣ$¤ FADC CMOS(In/Out) [28] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

B.8 ADC128S102 PCBE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

8

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10

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11

2 SpaceWire

Å·ôõ4ø!ö÷pq,ó9ø ÿ= pq=9tHpq=,<æ74PPñ X\ pqk  ¡%Ù;ó Ò R ØRý)mKØ0 6ý$ n 9ôõI'Ùp%qtH%ÙþKÿÙ¸IPµ 9-Y± ø,ú Úu2Ú ÙpqÙ Â RK¥·Ø)L9M0S Ú ý^0ØT0Yü%$:^,ùý^4Ø^0úÙp%qS" þtH9p%q4ó± ý^4ØT0 A ýYV y 6ý$ " V " ,ú Úu2Ú Ùpq=0=ÀÙ7tH|éóg Fýþÿ0S2  ¡2t0HéÙþÿ0Ù=¸P 9-4óþS2xýmØ:06ý$úÙþÿM40V VR? > y ° ý$F. y S!=tH%ÙþKÿÙ!¸IPµ 9;-Ø7ú Úu2Ú Ù7p%qÙ Â Ró mn ý2þÿÙ!¸IP 9 -%02ÒIüS!"ó$#&% "J ü= H Ú Ù'S ° =0ý$s=þô9õ ~ Ø7S(K¥Zó") þ=ÿ2+*Ù,- °/.0 . Ú =ü+1,^2ÙH,ùéó ±KÖ w %õö/HIRÔôõI'Ù7p%qtH|ÙÇt 0 b2y[Ú43A þ1ôõ654Ù!pZq=t0HZÙ2 7|0Ø8 3 90: ° ݯ=|0<; SpaceWire >=ý?1 SpaceWire

ø<@,Ø@,Ø4ABC>DFEHG (ESA) S<IKJ IEEE1355 ó(LMFN4SC>DOÙ(PQ|µØ8 3 RTS ÚU 1?9VW&SX$YZ>[+\[&I4ù$Y]^W>=F[ _+[S=Ù`abZó$c[W+de(f<e(Eg<hijk&lmn óopq8 3 [ r1 SpaceWire istuv&Yw(W<x(Myz6|w&~6FiC4DE6G\>;? 8 3 JWq<TX+@ JAXA/ISAS \<|KY 8 3 [>r(2.1 SpaceWire

SpaceWire w4M4M ;?¡¢<l U ~?WS_4£(l(Eg&YjkKY¤¥>¦<§r 1 ¨+©&ª= UJW 2 « 400 Mbps ¬­[¯®±°F²FH|³´M¶µ>r_ U W$·F<Yw LVDS(Low Voltage Differential

Signaling) ¸¹H|º4O»8 3 [ r¼½¾ ¦4i¿À·F¸¹Ki U ~?W°²ÁÂ>¦K@/¼ÃĽ4ÅW¼¯Æ©Ç4¦>i?·&;¡<È4¦>= r_ U W DS-LINK |ºOq8W Data ÂÉHiÊ<e+ËÌJY?ÍÎHl Clock ÂÉ»|·<µ&r Clock ¨F©6ªF|Ï U l[;FW Data Âɬ7Ð6Y Strobe ÂÉ»|·<µ&rѬ¦ÒÂÓ ¦ Clock Âɯ|Ô9 µr Ñ ¬;(¡>Ȧ4=rÕ 2.1 Y=r I ®$Y Data ¬ Strobe i XOR |¬rÑ>¬¦ Clock |$Ô9<¦K§Fr(D

S

Clock

Data 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0

Õ 2.1: Data-Strobe ÂÉ12

SpaceWire wÖ×ظ¹¯|º4O»8 3 [4r U ~?WÙ4ÅT¬ÚÅ&|+ÛFÜ4YcÝ®Ñ ¬;¦&§rF_ UÞ Mß(à w Data W Strobe ;+ÙHÚ?ÅFá âã4ä 2 d¦+åæ»Sç4ä[>r(èç<éçi(ÂÉêKwëÝìIKJ á âã Uí ©Nî¶ïð|åæqñ$ä J¶W»Æ©FÇY+ë[?åòH|<¬r6_ U ¿ÀÂÉ ïðh\ Data-StrobeÂÉ&hió<e&@­ôS[+KS>X$Y LVDS ¸¹TI&J Þ M ßà iõSF|ö 10 m ÷4øiõ»S_¦?ùõ>µr>Ñ>¬;¡ÈT¬lú?ä[>r(4Z4O¯Sç&r Þ M ß(àHû+ü>ý w 9 þª D-subû+ü>ý <¬Û6ÿ<¦ =r(Ñi û+ü>ý i6wC>DKh¦+Z4O4µ<riY¦ =4r(

Conductor 28 AWG

(7× 36AWG)

Insulating layer

Filler

Tw isted pair

Inner shield around

tw isted pair (40 AWG)

Jacket

Filler

Binder

O uter shield (38 AWG)

Outer jacket

Õ 2.2:Þ M ß(à i(åò [10]

1 52 43

6 87 9

Din+ Sin+

Inner

shield Sout-- Dout--

Din-- Sin-- Sout+ Dout+

Õ 2.3:û+ü>ý þªð?³©Kª [10]

SpaceWire w û ª¯ªTY<µ¯I&®YÆFM |d&e+á>â4ã&rѬ;¦6§Frèi U ~ èiî ´ywN+MW?ª&l lÿ¯|ËHr4Ñ ¬;?¡>Ȧ4=r»Ñ$ç>Y>I&JW4M4 ü z&(Mý ; ç U á>¦K@ "!$#Y%'& r Ñ ¬­¦4M +i¯|¡È Y+µ>r(KÕ 2.4 Y=r ü z6((Mý ;)+*6Sç U-, i.vÆM/10i?>N2¯|34µ<r(

Router

Router

Router

Node

Node

NodeNode

NodeNodeNode

Node

Node

Node

Node

unavailable

Õ 2.4: SpaceWire Y 65 r.vÆM/10i798+>N

13

2.2 SpaceWire IF:<;

Board= V>w SpaceWire ? y û(à |@A4ñW6? yB4¨-C ß+à l LSI ¦=>r FPGA(Field Pro-

gramable Gate Array) |DEñ UF M|O [ä-GH IDAJK|c6úä[ rÑ?i F MK w¯§KìML5 ä DIO Board ¬ FADC Board i×ONPKYL Fç<rQ F MK ¦4iRTñ[)S<`wT&YcÝ®± DIO

Board ¬ FADC Board YUÁ ñä F M ø Y FPGA ;+×'V-@4qSç ä JW-W6V4; SpaceWires4t»|(O[ U Á Â|YXr U ~4i-Z»z?¦>=4r SpaceWireFPGA(Xilinx [O\ XC3S1000) ¦FW»@<®WV;"]M^i_&i-8`H|\"a µr U ~iZ6z?¦=r UserFPGA (XC3S400 XC3S1000) ¦=r SpaceWireFPGA i IP

û ðFw F MK|(\Oaqñ$ä[4rbC+c-½E&YI?úäGHSçä[4rUserFPGA iYN&0i Read/Write w SpaceWireFPGA |$Áä+c ®± SpaceWireFPGA Y65 r UserFPGA iBd)efhgLKw+÷Bi4iÕ 2.5 i<I®Y x’0101-0000’ TX x’0101-FFFF’ _+¦ i64 kB ij"k'l)m9&»X/ç4ä[>r(

0000-0000H

00FF-FFFFH

0100-0000H

0100-0002H

0101-FFFFH

0101-0000H

F000-0000H

FFFF-FFFFH

SDRAM 16M

SpW FPGA LED 16bitsREVISION 16bits

EXT_BUSUser FPGA 64k

SpW FPGA LED 16bitsREVISION 16bits

Õ 2.5: SpaceWire FPGA Memory Map i2 [26][27]

FBn ø4Yw 16 MB i SD-RAM op@O4TSç4ä[>r( SpaceWireFPGA ¬iq¸9r(Á¯|Ys4Oµ<r>Ñ>¬¦>ð ý OtOl¡È¦BuwvW n i Read/Write l+c'&>r(Q FBn Yw CMOS 9x- à ´ n W LVDS 6x4 à ´ n MlD"E»Sçä vW FPGA 0-_Ki-8`H|åy>µr Ñ4¬¦AuXz<r|DJO0>i¤¥Bl?¡>ȦAur¯èi FPGA 0>i8`D"EKw)Zz?GHOi Xilinx [~">¦Aurá6GH"O ISE YFä n -ð3B">¦Bu4r VHDL |O>[ä+c ® ISE w8)`Ki"áæWggêW"<©-c'© à- æH_+¦-W-ñä+c ®+Ñ>¬l¡È¦Bu4r( FADC Board \ DIO

Board i UserFPGA Y 65 r SpaceWireFPGA ¬i6tÁÂW ADC O&lwO6iO W-+A+GHå (JAXA) iô° W- ¡¯iB¢ Y£ú?ä¤"9l-¥æTSç ä[<rU ~W>w¦ §&ia¨v U ["e6A© n à ie|Yaæ>µç+ª'£([Õ 2.6 Y UserFPGA Y 65 r ßy&z ý Õ||«µ?A] n ^Bla¨v U ["e6A© n à w<ÑѦ w UserModule1 W UserModule2 ¬«ñä[4r SpaceWireFPGA ¬$i$ÁÂw ExternalBusIFtoSpWFPGA l(c>[?W] n ^>wQ UserModuleY BusIFModule |$m n µ<r¬ 5 ¦­®<Y SpaceWireFPGA ¬iÁÂ+l¡È¦Bu4r(

14

Õ 2.6: UserFPGA Internal Bus ¬ SpaceWire FPGA W SpaceCube iA¯° [9][3]

FBn ø4Yw 2 V>i SpaceWire Port l)m9&»X/ç4ä[>r(YQ´ n Yw4y"± à ð? t»¬²Aªç&r 0∼255 _+¦ i³É'l)´vMµX/ç4ä v¶W SpaceWire ÁÂKi , Yw<ÑiðK?pt<|¶>[>r>Ñ>¬¦"_6i>Æ n 10ið ý OtOl¡È¦Bu4r(2.2.1 DIO Board

DIO Board w·A¶ 'x à FBn ¬ñä CMOS 'x à ´ n hl In/Out èç<éç 8 ´ n W LVDS 9x- à ´ n hl In/Out èç<éç 12 ´ n ¸@O4TSç4ä[>r(÷Bi4iÕ 2.7 Y DIO

Board i¹º¯|W>Õ 2.8 Y»B¼>l ß y&z ý Õ||@O4µ<r(

Õ 2.7: SpaceWire IF @O4 DIO Board

User FPGA SpaceWireFPGA

clock(50MHz)

SpaceWire 1

Digital IN8 bit

Digital OUT8 bit

User’s Process SpaceWire protocol

SpaceWire 2

SD-RAM 16 MB

Õ 2.8: DIO Boardß y&z ý Õ

2.2.2 FADC Board

FADC Board Y w CMOS 9x- à ´ n ½l In/Out èç6éç 3 ´ n W LVDS 9x- à´ n hl In/Out èç<éç 4 ´ n ¸@O4TSç4ä[>r(_ U ð<y٠ž'l 8 ´ n uwvW ADCYw Texas Instruments [Ki ADS5271 l)DOETSç4ä[>r(HÑi ADC w 8 Z9¿>ª ü+à Ù Å4¦ö°50 MSPS |YÀ æ<¦6§r? FADC Board ¦wø)Ýñ U £<®Y UserFPGA ¦ ADC |cî®±÷i4iÕ 2.9 Y FADC Board i¹º¯|WÕ 2.10 Y»B¼>l ß y&z ý Õ||@O4µ<r(

15

Õ 2.9: SpaceWire IF @O4 FADC Board

ADC

User FPGA SpaceWireFPGA

clock(50MHz)

SpaceWire 1

Analog Input8 ch.

DigitalIn : 3 ch.OUT : 3 ch.

User’s Process

SpaceWire protocol

SpaceWire 2

SD-RAM 16 MB

CSA

CSA

CSA

CSA

CSA

CSA

CSA

CSA

12 bit

Õ 2.10: FADC Boardß y&z ý Õ

2.2.3 Router Board

Router Board ¬wÁ-ÂKi SpaceWire Board |(à ®¬§Yèi ü z& n ý hiÄÅm n i U ~i'oiF¦Bu4r( DIO Board \ FADC Board ¬Æ&[+W FPGA Yw Xilinx ["\ XC4VLX60 l)@O4Sç4ä[>r(WAV>i à n ?¦ 8 V>i SpaceWire Port l)@O4TSç4ä[>r(F÷Bi4iÕ 2.11 Y Router

Board i¹º¯|W>Õ 2.12 Y»B¼>l ß y&z ý Õ||@O4µ<r(

Õ 2.11: SpaceWire IF @O4 Router

SpaceWireFPGA

SpaceWire

7

SpaceWire protocol

SpaceWire

8SpaceWire

6

SpaceWire5

SpaceWire4

SpaceWire3

SpaceWire

2SpaceWire

1

XC4VLX60

Õ 2.12: Routerß y&z ý Õ

2.3 FPGA

b-tAÇÈ&|)G-H<µ&r , W&èi 4 _ l)ÉAAÊËqXÌK~+WÍ£v½ROξAL60¬ ÊA˯|c®±AV_ÍvWÏAÐ"ÑKi°&[ ð nAÒ Ç ý Z6¿6Ó à TXÔR"Î&lÕ n Ó à 0q¬Ö9×|Ø6Ù¦ÊOË6|c®±-ÚOÛKi<ÑÜwº"Ý"Þ4W)"¹Kl?|¶>[+W+btOÇOÈ i6oßY(á âã4äà"á¯y"Kz ý IC ¬|²ª+ç&r NOT \ AND 8)`¯|Yâ+ÙB¬ IC |ãAä4ä[ U qñ¯ñ­W»Ñiåæ¬H¬DOEOçè+l+»§6ì­lrWÜh-l rWéê&YwL>ëvìTX[WÊ"ËB8`6líñ>ì À"a µr?opî"ïøYdeøAð U 8`¦D , YÀ"aÍñãäe rñ$¸æ6ll[l[>ú U l"òó+lAuú U &è Ѧ+W.v¶ô9r 5 iõ è+8` ¦Aur ASIC (Application Specific IntegratedCircuit) lZ4âç<r ASIC |a6r Ñ ¬¦W8`H|WOV i õ è+8`&Yö<~Fä6ñ?_+[W÷çOèbOø°²b6|D = µr4Ñ ¬(l¦&§+rñ$6ñ øKÑ?i£>®l ASIC wùúOûü ¦\òýñç<rþ~øG)H9ÿÜh-lfv øü iÊ |¶µr-þF~Oÿ &l û t or(èiOþ~)ø ASIC iGH"Ö9צ i"a4\"ø6i ASIC ñA¶Tñl

16

áøKèiÑÿùOúû"ü ¦ LSI | µ<riw = DßF¦Bu4r(T_þø\òwñç+þ LSI i4§&w §'&4r Ñ ¬(l¦<§?lþ~øT (8`H|íñþýv µr Ñ ¬wF¡>ȦAur4è>Ѧ"] n ^lͦ)#-ÿ8)`¯| §9&>r>Ñ>¬l¦K§Fr+<©t»¬ñä"GHýñç+þi-l FPGA ¦Bu4r(

FPGA w ASIC i9£&®ÿü ÿÝñäa4æ>µ&rÿ¹<¦>wlqì ø8`»|ÊË>µ&rÊËOê6iå+¦a4æñþ"8`»| §fHѬ|l¦6§Fr LSI ¦6u>r? §f6Ñ<¬| B4ªFy n (¬|²!"lø">ªFy n ÿ+ÍÎHl #¯w FPGA ié$ÿ$6 ªy n Þ+n ßà ¬ PC %& l>i¦-»'¼9ÿ)DAEµ6r<Ñ<¬l4¦¯§r('þ£&®loFi¦B8-`»| §$f)HÑ&¬Yl&Ú*rK©t4¦ CPLD(Complex

Programmable Logic Device) ¬+T®o+i"l6u rl-øOW,ÿ FPGA i?¸9ls -98`ÿÝñä"r( FPGA 0i8)`OaæÿwT"µ<r VHDL |¶.ä>r(2.3.1 VHDL

ñ0/6_¦>w) n |-ð |&oßi?Àaÿr 5 ä-3"&µ&r , ø)ºAÝOÞBøO¹HlÍ|¶1äAND \ OR 8)`¯|d<eá âã+þ-Õ n ?Ó à ¦iÊOËBl23¬ úþV<_Ív ø6u4r&4"|YaÀýñ㣮¬65¯úþ7"i'£®Yÿ84"¯|?µ>r+| ’0’ ¬ ’1’ |¶.ø9ÿ8:¯ñ"i;<¯|=& rK¬§(¦ñ& AND > OR l$i¹¯|=O&l»ìä4wl7lFúþ?¯Ñ$ç¦w°OÑ<l84-¯|Y3-ñ£>®¬µç6ª+µ>r(?8`Bl)Á@9ÿlýv øÊ"Ë'ÿ+lwv­iÜh-l>rBAaÀ6lC»§)þK¬§)ÿ(D>¨ n iE +l¯ñÿTìì­lëv ø(9ÿÊOË"ê ÷(Fÿwèi8)`Ki_&Õ|0G$4i-lHñ<ì­l r(ÑçH|&Iõ&rOþ~Aÿ)øBJÝñ&ì HÀÝñþ û ªþ-© n |sB¶ñäA8`6i?m n ¯°|3"<µ&røO n |-ð3"+O (HDL:Hardware Description Language) lsB¶Íñ(çKr+£<®ÿlúþ+HDL ¦ w-Õ n ?Ó à ¦ i3>÷4øÿÏÐ"Ñ&i°1)3¯|cÝ®Ñ>¬pl¦&§r(VLKÍv C "&i'£®l û ªFþ© n Y6|M6r4i+£>®ÿ-8`H|Y3>µr Ñ ¬pl>Ú+*6r<Ñç6ÿ+£9v8`H|$À"a9ÿáâãäÊËTñ>µìlwv øéN9ÿ+o­À"a7O­Bl)L>fvP>µì/l4rBAaÀ6lC»§)þK¬§Oo­¤4Tñ>µÝì ø+8)`¢9ëo­®¬l r(=Q öëoRSñä.T HDL ÿw VHDL ¬ Verilog HDL lBu T(O¦ wæßOÿwHñ&l°$3ÈÅK|$Ï+V VHDL(VHSIC HDL) |¶.ä8)`ÊOËH|+Uúþ VHDL wøV$WWXY÷Z VHSIC(Very High Speed Integrated Circuit) [\]ÿ'£ú?ä)~^'ñç4ä"GHýñç+þ7_+ÜøW XY÷r 5 Z ASIC |)G-Hµ$T , Õ n pÓ à ¦.Z-GH|&Uú?ä BþAþ~G-Hÿ?õÜ"`"l4Kv øOÊ˯|)G-ÌÝñþ&Ñ-ÜZ?öaùúAû¾cb|îOáÿ-G-Hñä"Bþ¯¬ñäo|ÊË+l¥$dµ$TÑ-Üÿweÿèç÷ ø Z¾blÚ&*ä.Tþ~¥æ$blÜfg>çT¬+hú(ä¯ñKK®¬0»®(òó'lBu úþèZ"þ~ø£'v1ÏÐÑ$Z° ì øOGHiLdFÜAÿè(ZÜj>¦ ZöaZ¾$bl+&"TB£ ®hÊ"Ë-å"æH|GHµTÍÎ9l6u>úþKÑçÍ£$v ø 1981 k$ÿ~c^ø 1986 k l'G$ñç'þZ"l VHDL ¦6u"T?èZTOæ$ZBmnaH||! äø IEEE( VLW(½o½pqr"ês] ) ÿ+£9vMà-átÍñç-ø VHDL uLZàáHDL ¬ñäBvwÍñç4ä.T( =Q ø LSI Z'£®0h?x-ÊOËH|+U ®+Ñ>¬l¦K§(T6£®YÿhúþZo VHDL h&Z°ÑZ n -ð3B"$Z 6ð6¬o|6&.T(

VHDL u)¨hT Ó à ¦1Z)3"9l+¡&ȦBu"T(ÏBÐOÑcZ(°c6b-tÇÈ1ZyÎz3"ñþëv ø-iZ»pÓ à ¦6u"TE`ÂÉ7Z)3"BøAe à tz&Uúþe+A© n à Z)3"¬+<úþKѬ-o¡<È ¦6uT((9ÿi Z-Õ n ?Ó à ¦o3z+U ®+Ñ>¬lÚ&*7T( VHDL ¦1|" ý 8)`Z æ7z+U ®Yþ~ ÿu RTL(Register Transfer Level) ¦3->µ.T&ÑZ¯ÔÓ à ¦3-ýñçBþ áOø.|1 ý 8`cz»6¼9ÿO4áæÝñäaæµTѬ|l+¡&È4¦6u"T?+÷+iBÿ VHDL ÿ£(T|O ý Õ n Z)3"Bø

17

Õ 2.13 ÿèZ"áæZ8z|4>ã$T8library IEEE;

use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;

entity sample is

port ( A : in std_logic;

B : in std_logic;

Out1 : out std_logic;

Out2 : out std_logic);

end sample;

architecture RTL of sample is

signal sig : std_logic;

begin

sig <= A nor B;

Out1 <= not sig;

Out2 <= A and sig;

end RTL;

A

B

sigOut1

Out2

Õ 2.13: VHDL ÿ'£BT|" ý Õ n 22.4 SpaceCube

Gigabit Ethernet

2.4.1 SpaceCube

SpaceWire ÁÂx7z¶.AþDBJ E-GH7z+Uø SpaceWire xÿ8ñþ û" þ-© n lGHñç6þè?çl SpaceCube ²ª1TBoZB"û$Z"ñuB£ 5 cm (tÍñ+ "T SpaceCube ÿuF¾. SpaceWire n z. ¡ýñ+ £¢ ø CPU (¤ MIPS¥¦ Ò ÇL§¨$©z0ª1 NEC «cZ VR5701(300MHz) z0¬­Aø PCI ®.¯Bÿ LAN ø USB z0¬­¤þ° ¦± zO²1³LT8 OS u Linux T-Engine ´.³LT8µ¶u·¸ ¥¹"º"¦ »8¹ z¼.½ ·¸¥8¹c¾ ¿ ¦¹ ÀÁ)z0U´Â7à ¦ ° ¦± Â"ÄÅ&¯Â ÆLÇ8¯"ÈcÉÊ"z"³.Ë8RBµZ PC (¤cÌÍÎ ³LÏ.Ð. Ì (Ï8h´ÒÑÔÓÕ.Ö(Â× ¾ ¯ "Ø SpaceWireÎ ÁÙÚ)z+ÛÐ.´Ü ÖÝ"Þ Øß 2.1 à SpaceCube Ø8á.Ößâ&Â.ã 2.14 à SpaceCube Ø8äåæç7â0­.è$Ï8

18

CPU VR5701

200MHz / 250MHz / 300MHz

Flash ROM 16MB

DRAM I/F DDR SDRAM 64MB

INPUT/ IEEE1355(SpaceWire),RTC,CF(True

OUTPUT IDE),XGA(1024×768),USB1.1,

LAN(100BASE),Audio(Stereo),é)êëRS232C,JTAG I/F(Debug)

POWER +5V

SIZE 52mm × 52mm × 55mm

ß 2.1: SpaceCube Ø8ìí ã 2.14: SpaceCube Øæçî1ï Ø$ðL+ñò ócØ8ô"õ$ñöà$ð(Ï·¯÷ø.Ø8ùú¢Pûü ñö8Øý þ ¸ ¥¹ ÊøBácàÿ1

OS Ø1´£¤ ³ñ"ÏÐ+¸ ¥¹ Êø OS ´Õ 7â)¤ ½.ÏÂØ1àÿ .´("!cÑ £¢ ¶$àÿ# .´ÓL½$ÑÔÛ&%LÏ"ð.à'(*)+ ½"Ï$Ñ,+Ï-/.B´010ñÏ OS ,(ñ2 ÂÕ ½3 OS ðL¢  T-Kernel 45$à67½8Ïc¤$)¤ Linux Ø+ýþ.,1Ð9 PC Û;: =<=>#?@1´6AB¼,C$BÏDÂEFGàT-Kernel ´=HL½I0½J3K%!DCLñ½D³"ñD%/M/¼#NcàO¤ OS âP/QRSL´L+ Ï

2.4.2 SpaceWire Gigabit Ethernet

SpaceWire UT#VWI¤ 2∼400 Mbps 9CX ¦ ) ½Ï´Â SpaceCube â¼½Ïý(þ"$âUYZ,9C7¼³1Ï"ÐLI[=CLñB½=Ð0L SpaceCube Ø CPU §\"]&§´" Ì ÌU^ ñ2(200 - 300 MHz)  .à1ð: SpaceCube C SpaceWire-To-TCP/IP _`7âÛ3ÐLICYÓabc Làd"ZB´#$$&: ¤9/3#DC+Ï[ SpaceWire µec§D\&]0§â 100 MHz àL¤ ½/IB¤ Ì

SpaceCube dCØ[#)âfÏI 4 Mbps g$öB¤$hi,CLñ(½8Dj$ØÆ ¦,k âUD"³.Ïl&ÐØda bc "C,dmn"C,ñ½$âUo"<³1Ï#pqrØstuvI&·Ä"w#xdyÕ.´z/#C<> ¤ Ì ØB´ã 2.15 Ø SpaceWire Gigabit Ethernet(SpW-GbE) C,+Ïd SpaceWire-To-TCP/IP

_`Ød|¼(ÕI³1Ï ÐLIC SpaceWire µec§\]§´ 100 MHz Ø~Ià ∼70 Mbps âhi"³1ÏSpaceCube à ÀÁ)â8³1Ïl, ± Ê8®"´RSG´Â SpW-GbE SpaceWire I TCP/IP Ød I¤ = ¤ ½.Ï;] ¦ § IP âd'.³LÏ&!DC³à ¼"´ Ü Ö&CL+ Ï

19

ã 2.15: SpaceWire Gigabit Ethernet

2.5 Remote Memory Access Protocol(RMAP)

PC Ø È\& øC=$"Ø(Æ ¦"k â&£¤½I0½23I=D CPU ´Æ ¦"k ´=VJ)dL ¸$Ñ Æ ¦Lk âU ¢ê¤ Û"³1Ï£Ð8Ø~I CPU & ¸Ø ¥£± É ¯/. âU ¤ Æ ¦"k

â ¢ê³~ð3+àÕ I&Ø I/O Õ.Ö$â&.³LÏàL ¸ ¥± ɯJIdà I/O

¥± ɯJI0½J3 Ì Ø(´L+ Ï´BÂÐØ I/O

¥± ɯLL ¸ ¥± ɯcð¢ Ì G./´=$½, ¸ ¥± ɯ& à G¡c¤ =¢£ à I/O¥± ɯ"ØLð3+àB³LÏ.Ð"I´CG(ÏÐØLÐ"Iâ ¸

Ä]È ± I/O I¤QDMemory Address I/O Address

-Serial Port

-Print Port

-FD Controller

etc.

I/O AddressRegion

ã 2.16: ¸ Ä]È ± I/O

SpaceWire à&*)["Õ 1ÐØ, ¸Ä*]8È ± I/O Õ"Ö´8"Ï.Ø SpaceCube ¥$ѧ¦,"ËG¨©LØ, ¸à ¥ §ª¯³.Ï$ Ø"«LI& SpaceWire ØdØ&Õ ( ¬­®"C, SpaceWire

Board "Ø SpaceWireFPGA ¸ ) à ¥ §=ª ¯³$Ï1ÐI+´ Ü ÖWI&ñ1ÏÐd$à$ðc¢ SpaceWire

à¯L´:=8Õ à CPU ´ ¡2)d,°½ñW° Ì µe.´ê[±Ïd"ÐØLð30ñì²Lü1â[/ È

\v³ ¾+¹ Ø1ÐLI8â RMAP(Remote Memory Access Protocol) I¤Q= RMAP â&¼"½=.Ë CPU âªGñ½´µ$Ø, ¸·¶¸7â¹&º.àG]/³ ¦ §à²1ü8û»LÐLI´C/Ï&¼ØÕ .#C Ød½¾ ñ(Æ ¦,k _`Ø#Ø¿ ¦± ÅDÀ ¥  ¿ wW³Å=À ¥ âÁ"Â(³1Ï"ÐLI´C/ÂÕ LØ¿ ¦± Å=À ¥ØÁ1¯Ã ¦ ¯BÂ#Ä&ÅàLðBÏÆ ¦"k ØÆ&ÇI0½:DÈ L´=É)Ï.Ð"I&àñ"Ï

20

Ý,$Ñʹ,º.à/]G³ ¦ §Ëi)â².üÌ°.Ï"Ð,I´C/Â&9#Í&Î(ñTV$à³.Ï"ÐLICÆ ¦k ØeÏáÂ&<=>Ð.ØdÑÒÂ(Õ .DC Ø&µecÈ\v³ ¾+¹ Ød_`Õ )âÁi ¤&ñ2Ó° Ì ð½*I½":8íñ")¸D];³P´L+ ÏLÔ9¢Õ<D>7âEÖ·à8Û:°½° Ì µ&eT&V7â SpaceWire àÍ,ÎÒ¤°×"!˹Lº1àØ&ÙCG0Â)È\=ª]ÚX"´D'¡)d,°½ñW° Ì SpaceWire IÓØ&ÙJ)d,°½#1Ë&¼ØÕ /7¸ ¦ ³ ¸ ¥ §ª¯ à1ðD:d°L¼Ø&¡¡Ø7Éx¯ k â&)ñ(´Ñ#¨©LØ, ¸+â[Û.ü)Ï´"Ø«"I"ÝÜ7Ï.Ð"I´CG(Ï)ÐØLð30ñ Þ $ÒÑ6Â=ß­Õ ,(µ&eÕ àá$ÒÑ+Ø,âdÈ Ì ÓÖ Âãä Õ Lå1Øæ ¼ Ì ÐçJ)d$Ï

2.6 SpaceWireèêéìëîíðïòñòóôó

1:PoGOLiteî1ï

X õ&ö$´D>&¦2)/ 1960 ÷Lø.ÝLù( î1ï à×! Ï X õ&ö"ú~ûÄDõ,ö~,¼Ø(¯Ãc§v³ ¹Dü $Ø=ý&._  X õöLØdþÿ)â&¼ ½"Ï"ÐLIC,¼Ø á.´")[&° X õàD×L!ÏüØå8Âa Î ¹ X1ØÕË& » ] ¹ 5$Ø! "$Ø#ý%$'&#rGË(ÂÓ)#ý!*+á+5,$ B Î-./ Ø á$Øà102³1Ï43$!3 X õ5$ ú/û+Äõ6àD×½°=yý ( #ý ) 78v³ ¹ Ø9Ø;:ñ7ö&à Í< ³LÏücØ8å)Gg;I>=ö6ÛL%,°½ñ½D¼ X õ)6càñ"ÏGIÓücØ?+á1´@ñA: Â"y)B, ÜC ücØLð3+àyýD78v³ ¹ Ø8å)1´EF;$ÑÚC,+ÏHGl$Ð9C à8ÂL$ àd5I)âJõLà 1970 ÷ø$à OSO-8 45à1ðÏ » ]>ü(câ7¼K3°LA3dü 19.2 %(2.6 keV)/19.5 %(5.2 keV)  2008 ÷ INTEGRAL 45à.ðÏ0.1 - 1 MeV à#×"!Ïü& 46± 10% ØMN43[$=6OñücØ8Ù

êNGñ½D

the Polarized Gamma-ray Observer Lite-weight version(PoGOLite) &Â 25 - 80 keV Ø1P X õQ$R ú/û+ÄõàD×,!Ï1üåcâLdGI³"ÏGS&C&+Ï[0Æ kTU ·HV÷ø à FADC Board

DIO Board â&¼"½"Ïñ)ö SpaceWire ´7DVI0ñ,:°×A:  SpaceWire ØGÚWS Ì>XY °½Ï 25 -80 keV Ø/Z[$à1ðÏ\]^$`_ T ØabØ#c$ÑØå.´Û"8ñ½&8ÂH[dàLð8:K 40 - 41 km à)d1³LÏ 1/3 X1Êe"Ø Vwgf+ÊGûhLw Ê ³P´ 2011 ÷càVcÅDÀÆ~û8Øà ¹i $Ñjdk"C,+ÏlBmnIpoqA3r] Åûts Øuvà.ðw: 100 mCrab

C 10.5 % Øü LØÙêâyxI3°½ Ï PoGOLite ØzLñ Þ âÝÞØ&ß 2.2 à|D.ÏL9

ã 2.17 à PoGOLite ~L)|2)d[dLûKs ã1â|gLÏ j :∼1200 kg; y

ë:200 W; X1Êe :3.5m × 2.5m× 2.5m;

C: 2.0 × 2.0; &&r~F :994cm2

25 keV 30 keV 40 keV 50 keV 60 keV 80 keV

6AF 93 cm2 167 cm2 228 cm2 198 cm2 172 cm2 158 cm2

6 L>yfor 100 mCrab 10.5 %

for 200 mCrab 6.5 %

100 % 1D>yH 33 % 29 % 26 % 27 % 32 % 40 %

ß 2.2: PoGOLite Øzñìí [18][19]

21

ã 2.17: PoGOLite Ùê g~L)|2)d$Ï[dLûKs [3]

X õ)cà#×"!Ïüå)G OSO-8 CL*)d ]1¡âD¢.ÏD£Ø¤úVÙê àLð

ÏdüLy8_ T âw¢L ³ ]¥ûØ891â&g$Ïg£BØL¤g¦"û§³dû\]!¨©Láâ&Ùêªg£

¨~L+ªHzcà 10 keV Ý"Þ¨CLü&y_ T àLð8:«¤ 25 keV ÝL 1 MeV Ý"ÞCLD¦LûH§³û\]à1ðw:¬üg~å ÜD­ C,+)ª PoGOLite C,¦,ûL§W³Uû\]8¨1©á)⢰Lü7âÙ

ê

ªg¦,ûL§v³û\]G(ã 2.18 ¨.ð"30à X õ¨ü7W³¯®1àJA3l°w±w9ಳ:Ê¢ [3] L¼³C´¦"û§³[ûµ\]!¨89Lâ#gª භm!¨¸¹ tº û»½¼1 k â¿D¾D¿øDË()àLÀDÁª¶·)m)àªw³IC);D.LÂÖ· ~¡ªg³I~,C~1¤DÃ1·)m£ð!:ÅÄÆcàg¦û§³[û\]!¨\]·~&C~ª¬"åC"³¨ º û»½¼ kLÇ ¾];³â 217 ¬¤ VGwwfÈ~ûh"w È ³CL 61 ¬))|gwª!³L¨zÉ

êâ PDC (2.6.1 Ê ) I¤QD;I+ñª 100 mCrab CHü&

10.5 % Ë1É!ÌLwªÍ X õ,úGûÎ=õ$ñ7ö¨rv]L Ï ûKsÐË1o)q8Ñ)ÍuvgwªdRSw~L+ªÒt³L¨)ÓÔÍ BGO ÕÖDËD¢Ó PDC ´¨×LØwÙ º L®ÚsÐË1ÛÍÜ¡wªÒ)×LØwÙ º ®Ýs1Þ1ß º ®QsÓ¼¨g£¨ËÉ´Ì1à½ÞÐgª³ÞµáL¤âA3ÓãäåæDçè>¨rêéëì Ï û!sæígçè>¨îï8¨ðñß º ®QsòíóÞpz)É8Ìí8¨MDô~õ#ýÍ¡ögªÒ³¨´ÞL÷µ¡gõ#ýLøù)úwÍû :³¨rêéëì Ï ûtsòîï8¨üýËþÿDDª³Þµ~áw÷>¤ãäDçè>¨îï8¨Ëgª³Þ>~ ­ ÞªÒÓ º ®Ús¨w£L¨~HÉ!ÌàÓÔLr4é)ë)ì Ï sy¨)~ ­ ᫤PoGOLite ¨´Í£ª ASTRO-H áD¨D£ "!¢gªÒ º ®$#lß&% 'á&(*)+!¢gª¨áß -,«¤.â/gáß 54 .¤10325456È 7 4)ìÈ98Åáß 30 .´¨ Ç ¾Ké:8yÍ; <=">1!?«¤@A>B&>w¨ Ç ¾Ké:8jáü ý"CDË"E9F³gÞáGDüKé:#µýÈ HË"I èJAÞÞKHÍ û ÅÄÆ´ÍL é+)ë)ì Ï #ÐËMKªD³DÞN)á8÷OÒ1PQ×1LØwÙR S T #ÐË SAS í (2.6.2 Ê ) ÞVUWÒX

2.19 Í PDC í Þ SAS íKË"Y[Z\Ó PoGOLite ]!Ìà@Q^ _ X ËVZ3`OÒ

22

X2.18: PoGOLite Í û O"a b/@Qcd [3]

Side BGOActive shield & Background monitor

Slow plastic scintillatorsCollimeter

Fast plastic scintillatorsPolarization measurement

Bottom BGOActive Shield

Photomultiplier Tube (PMT)Signal readout

PDCs

SAS

X2.19: PoGOLite ]:eà@Q^ _ X [3]

2.6.1 Phoswitch Detector-Cells (PDC)

X2.20: 0325456"f 7 4)ìAf98hg?3iO PDC jkKé:8hQmln

PoGOLite g?o !p]:e1í´ß Phoswitch Detector-Cells(PDC) ÞVU1q&>1!o3OÒ 1 ô3Qjkté8rN 1 m s@tQmukvAHwxy:z![?|G&~ wAxQ Slow ì2A´é&S * ý|G Fast ì2[´émS - ýG BGO ÕwÖN5g"51)!+=V>!oOÒPQmw[xz 4 2féw[xóÞU[WHÒ PDC í@gA? o[!@P+Q 600 mm Q"=zDô Slow S - ýHß)×ØDÙR@ ý&Qm[<:zVEoG Fast S - ýáß"b :zV]e"G BGO ÕgÖ)ßmígáQ)×ØwÙAR[S +T #Q <z+J5OÒPQ×1LØÙ[R1" ýAg û )+!& z 2.0 × 2.0 Há&GÓ×1LØÙ[RS +T # á L émëì1 #z 3J3OPÞµá+¡ ¢ £â /:z¤ ¥3JOm¦ X 2.21 g PDC j[k!é@8g?iO§S - ý&Q"!Þ+>AèVQ"l n:zYZ3J3Om¦%)ô%ôQAj[k!é@8rN4V2f8é¨&w[xz3V!o1Om¦PQS - ý>îïz© ª:4[:8rk2«A¬@Qb ­ ®[¯ ° (PMT)R7899EGKNP

áA±+²O¦ 2 ô3Q1ì2 é[S ³ ýß´ µ¶ (3M ¬ VM2000) áAG BGO ß´ µ¶óÞ[! BaSO4 N ·¸ ë1=">1!o3O¦ X ¹@gº3J5OA»+¼½z&¾¿O[À Á PDC íQ§jkKé:8yß50 um QG12ÂQmÃoÄgá(3Å>1!o3O¦m8ß[»+¼½N¡Æ,Ç¡ÈÉ T@Ê[ Q Ë "Ì ¹K+ÍÎNAG74 keV QmÏ[Ð X ¹:zVÑ[Ò*=V`5Om¦@P+Q X ¹:z&Í*ÎÀ[ÁgA2[ N5ÓÔgLç>!o1OQá1O"¦2

23

Â:K 20 keV Q+ÏÐ X ¹z"ÑÒJOAN PoGOLite Qâ1/È1É TÊÕ (25 - 80 keV) ágßstÞVÖt×1Ø*zÙ@Ú1o¦+Û!Q[jkKé:8lß PMT g[!î)ïz"]e&JO¦ PMT ßÜÝä1]eàg&Þß Gàá fÂáâ[b ãK¨äK÷@,hJO1PÞN&åæ:tQmç èN11Om¦ PMT á&±e1=>3Àîï8ß FADC

Board géê:=">[G 37.5 MHz ë ëLá AD ì í=">1!& îQ FPGA á)ü ýVC D5N&EÅ>O¦

Slow plastic scintillator

Fast plastic scintillator

Bottom BGO crystal

PMT Assembly

60 cm

20 cm

4 cm

19 cm

X2.21: PDC Q 1 jkKé:8 X [4]

ïmð:ñ J5OË "Ì ¹NjkKé:8hQ¹çêèóòô³!8÷&ÀðñG Slow S ³ ýAQm~õí;z"ö÷ùøiG Fast S ýN&búG&û 2.0 × 2.0 æwçAè"Qfü 8Qðñý Slow S - ýþQ BGO N+b:Om¦&n ÿDçèQ[f&ü 8Qð)ñýQ ·3¸ R[S +T #ÇN´öJO¦ û )+!&¹çêèyâ/³À[oLã)ägçêèQîïz]:eJ5O[À Ágý Fast S ³ ýAQ[ N´ö-mÀHü ý[z3J[>3q3o&¦ X 2.22 g¨éµ5+0!ý gA?i O @Qz3J+¦PQFwá=">À+G Fast S ³ ýAQ[ N&´)ö³Àîï5N²3J5OHü ý1O¦

24

0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

0 1.00.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 us

Fast plastic

Slow plastic / BGO

X2.23: PDC Q§S ³ ýQ [4]

X2.22: PoGOLite ]:e@Q! &ã X [4]

PDC í"ý+%ôQ PMT 3 ôQS ý[z±e+JÀ[ÁG Fast S - ýQîï"#&Gm>!$%QS ý+g û O>îHï&z'VJOÀ&Á g !!( z )o1OV¦*+(3ý,mùQ-3ozç):!mÏ3QS * ý+Qîï@z¨²9¨eJ+ú.[[O¦ §5S ýQI*/.,Hù τ ý Slow

S ýmN ∼300 ns G Fast S ýmN τ ∼2 ns G BGO 0"1&N τ ∼300 ns O"¦V§S ýAQz X 2.23 g+Y[ZJ5O¦+z (3J5O[À ÁQ Discri îïz PulseShapeDiscri(PSD)

îï ñ U2+G Slow/BGO S - ý#43VQîï"1O ñ65 @=>À ñ ÷ýPQ PDS îïNeê=">O¦P>g û 879 Fast S ³ ýAQîïQ[zV²ÆVeJ:P ñ N8÷O¦ ³8 @Q: Ð:z<;ßOÀ[Ág ý< b @Q"5+GA? û 2[ÈÉ T5Ê= z<;ß5O<>?NOm¦1[Q ÀÁ PoGOLite 1ý Oj[kA@@8B+b N]@e1=>3ÀA36CD ,rÛj[kA@@8Bõ+,1g"E@8ÇN1)À!#t FF# 2GH zVE3oGü ýC[DzJ3Om¦*I[/,1Q 8+¨Ëý 0.5 kHz/s

ñ6J /=>!1o5OANGP&QÛ2KGH #L3NMO!3QüP@:#µýf H3ý ∼ us(0.6 %)

ñNQ ;:gR@o¦:P5F["!Fast S \ ýgéµ +ÀîïzS¾!TUgVW³G3 8 :Q:1Ðz;1ß@O3P ñ&é µ\ÀX X ¹ZY\[@Ë "Ì ¹@Qa b£z<I/"8÷O¦

25

2.6.2 Side Anticoincidence Shield (SAS)

X2.24: 0325456"f 7 4]Af98hg?3iO SAS jkP@:8hQmln

PoGOLite g&? oA!. ·1¸ RS mT # íý Side Anticoincidence Shield(SAS)ñ Uq>! oO"¦

PDC j[k^@58óQ"z.I /ý 54 .G+02346f A7 4]&f 8_ý 30 .@Q BGO 0"1++()!o3O¦¡=&ý PDC jk`@8hQ 2/3 s:t|G &ãýaûyb1O¦m´ µ¶ ñ !&§jk`@8óg BaSO4 N5 A·¸ *c =>![?³G[j kA@8edQfd ý ∼100 um

ñhg =o&¦1AÀÐ[ L @ c ] #¨zAÍ-ÎÀ ÁG SAS jkP@:8ib1ýj*= 15 cm Q+k³È[³ (3Å>1!o3O¦ L @ c ]3 #ý+Û SAS jkP@:8e 100 kHz

ñ M³Kb3>!? G PDC lK]e3=m>5Àfü 8QF 6 % ýmn8õ,3g û L @ c ] #iop ñ 5=>1!:FNAG SAS jkP@:8Qq@z'm;i&J5O3P ñ *rs@fAü 8ùN1+ =>OtzIu3J:P ñ NwvOm½AÐ5NO¦ SAS lQopK PDC l ñ xKy , PMT(R7899EGKNP) &±3²z3>G SAS j k^@@8óg"O VETO o+pe+ê12-+@SP| T #hý 75 keV s:t"g O¦

2.7 SpaceWire~

2:ASTRO-H óN&Ñg³V!oO1K3F%Q1g X ¹+ ASTRO-H( NeXT) NOm¦

ASTRO-H ý 2013 £`A¾¿! (X

2.26) G 10 keV #36 100 keV Q Õ g?o !P>Q[o#1O"]:e@KV% 1>À¢ £z :O1P ñ N?¡*=">!oO¦ X 2.25 g ASTRO-H Q¢£ J¤ f]28¨z"G+ 2.3 g ASTRO-H Q¥ .¦§zVZ3`O¦

`A¾¿ 2013 £`A¾¿¨© ª w«¬­.®A¯+°!±`A¾¿²*³P@:8 JAXA HII-A ²*³P@:8´ 2.4 t

Û 14 mµ¶ ¡£ 550 kmµ¶ ª· ¸ µ¶µ¶ 96 ; 2.3: ASTRO-H Q¹º"»±°

26

X2.25: X ¹ ASTRO-H

¢£ J¤ f]28 [25]

X2.26: ASTRO-H AÑ2³¼.½+± T [25]

ASTRO-H 1g ý<¬­*¾ ~¿À&ѹ wÁY¬­*ÃÄ¿À[.l (JAXA/ISAS) z<ÅgGÆÓÇ%QÈ:Q+äÄYÉ¿À¹`ÊANÑg "!1o3O+¦ ASTRO-H 3ý (1) X X ¹ËÌ.ÍgK[OÎ@Á !QÏÐ; bI/G (2) ÎÁ[!Q Ì fѲv²"+±°Ag"AO Ò¡ ;V½A;[bI /G (3)0.3 keV #3600 keV

ñ3 $3¾3gK?A+W*Ó Ô¡:Q+¡1¢£Õ Õ I/z[ÑQ ïðñ J@O+¦P">5gK^Ö"R

]@Ñ×.± T Q"&þ!ÒØÙÚKÛ:t¡5ÈÉ TÊ ±ºþ+ÜÝ"Þ3z I /1JOP ñ ¬­3Qß&þäà ^w xQVwá+G!¬­Qâãä@QmDVG3Sb¯!Ñæååç²"¯éèµwÛtNȪÈKÛêë ð ¥.ìQVwá+Gí ±.Ñ Ì °*±+þ í ±ÑÈÉ TÊ ± QVKáANîPï<ð5O"¦3P ðL3"zñòLó ôG ASTRO-H @ý5QF Û¹z<Iõö@ ñ ó<ô!÷5J5O¦

• X X ¹ÏÐø b]:e (HXI)

27

X X ¹ËÌÍ (Hard X-ray Telescope:HXT)ñNùú `û 10 - 80 keV g+üoôP<ðKý*^wÖ

1 $¾1g ðÀ¢£z þ £ÿ O¦• [@Ëw¯ Ì ¹]:e (SGD)

10 - 600 keV Ó Ô ¡¢[£:z Om¦ Ïg 100 keV Õ g!üo+ô+¥OQm]@e<:z 1 .$¾ ¾ O"¢£z<:O¦• [ X ¹ø b]:e (SXS)Ì f.ѲAv.²:V!±°[z)1oô 0.3 - 12 keV g*üiO 5 eV QÈÉ TÊ ±øV1½!ûÈÉ TÊ ± £ 1 eV Qø bz¦• [ X ¹ÏÐø b]:e (SXI)

0.4 - 12 keV g+üoô[ X ¹@QÏÐø bIõzù¦

X2.27: ASTRO-H Q§Iõö@g?¡ïðÀIõ5ÈÉ T@Ê ± Õ [25]

§]:e@QIõ5ÈÉ T@Ê ± Õ z X 2.27 g ÿ ¦P<ðæ3h]:ez)3oôôwÖ 1 £5o¢£@QIõzV¤¥ ÿ O¦Ï@g 10 - 80 keV g+üoôý ô@Q ñ Þ ó ô Q ¯ .ð.ôo3O ñ îPï<ðô oOm¦ ASTRO-H 1ýÓ&QIõöû».±.°öd+1Q!».±.°1þ Ì ¯âo1² å T ñ ó<ô SpaceWire ! ")`ïðû&§ª#$¹@gý SpaceWire fw¯+°!±&%'f(#$ïð.ôo*)¦

2.7.1 HXI/SGD

HXI

ASTRO-H +,#$ïð-)X X ¹ÏÐ.0/ HXI ýX X ¹1(±32K±4*]+± (HXT) 56 Y 0ÐómÀ76809 5 - 80 keV Õ +!ôÏÐ ÿ ),: 5 - 80 keV ý; X ¹-+"ºLó ô3<>= (50 % $¾ ) .?/st@9BA`ûCDæó E3Fæ@Ñ c ]&G¯@HI3J>¡KP3éð.ô!=*) :L 2.5 + HXT MN@9BO ÿ :

28

#$P 2QRS .0/7T Hard X-ray Imager (HXI)

rs-U!VWX± YZ 80 keV [&\rs S!] ∼ 300cm2 at 30 keV^ Ð_*` ∼ 60 arcsecab!cd

∼ 8arcmin

L 2.4: e X fËÌÍ (HXT) MNg

2.28 + HXI 3hi g 9$1j)3: HXI k l;.@/7m0+ 10 - 80 keV ýn-9o@p ÿ ) CdTe qÑ®rW.0/7T1!\3s.û 5 - 30 keV ýn& t S0u@v,w ¯7( å vx3y .0/7T (Double-sided Silicon Strip

Detector : DSSD) ;zs0+ 4 |0Kïð)3:0~ð>+ô X f?k DSSD n.@/ïð);+3óéûe X f-k DSSD 9B@?*ô HXI n.?/.ï<ð1)rEKû*â>K+ôÕ*=UVW-X7>!+!ü;)B<! 1`&) : CdTe k ZTe = 52 û ZCd = 48 r? 3@9BA1*EK <-= `?9! ÿ ): CdTe n1k 0.5 mm >n 60 keV 3e X f9 80 % [*z K*)1~1>`;n*¡*)(GaAs n 40 % û uv7w;¢ n3£ %) :"ýrE¤¥¦.?/BT*n;¡!) §!¨!,©;ª*EUVW-Xr7«¬&`­®>«¬&`>9A*r:0~ª*¯7©;ª&E1°3±n;¡)²­r S]³ ²3´¶µ1·¸­¹º-±7»¼½¾-+17¿3;À1+À&=&)Á3n;±,@Â3+;)ÁnrÃ!rÃ3±1°3±?ÄrÃ*E3: DSSD k n Ť¥¦ÆÇ1z+È;É z;± n+ YZ p+ YZ>²;Ê3Ë*Ì>)*1Í+,|>Â7ª1E,¤¥!¦.0/7T1n&¡;) :*ÎN-=Ï£?±*ÐÑÒ ÓÔ²Õ*Ö&¯ hi@91µ¿×Ùظ­1F!W?ÚnÛ8Ü!ÝÞß1²à¶~Erá&k,âãäÛ8@9 n+ p+

+¿år5&Ì1)rEK3­ CCD æ Si-Pad .?/T-±1&ÍB+ 2 x Óç«-±è*é ¢ V3W9êÁ3ë ­&ìîí vx7y «±è1é ¢ VW9Bê*ï&ð3Ì&¯nñ1==@ÍòMN1²!¡!ó,:ôõ-k,ö÷&øùíûú1Ú3ì3ü*nË;ýª­ 2.6 cmþ ± DSSD ÿ,¶µ¿ 1.3 keV ­ 4 cm

þ ± DSSD n 1.6 keV(FWHM) 9ݶµ7E3:7L 2.5 ÿ HXI ±!_*`-91Ì>ó

U!VWXZ 5 - 80 keV

U!VWX «¬*` < 2keV (FWHM, at 60 keV)abS!]300cm2 at 30 keVcd

9 × 9arcmin2

L 2.5: HXI 1±!_*`~±Z-n*k;¦-²¶Â?~1,ÿ¨­ w*¢y í ¢ ;Ûå1² ! µ7¿">óEK#

±$!N"?ÿ"%*¿ S/N *²Â·¸­'&(?ÿ!kC!DÙµ3EF x Ú")**G ¢ Ó ±IJ-² +-,*n*¡&ó. ±EK­ PoGOLite /0!­21 Ì43?·65'7'8!e X f90ð7T (HXD) n:±¡;ó BGO^<; ÿ>ó=> Å@?;ÚACB D u W ÓÔnE*ýª;¿*ó BGO ?;ÚACB D u W ÓH± u>¢ èGFB u@H3¢ ?±3ê

ï&ð1µ,ÿkI'J!ÀKÄ ª*E PMT n;k·¸­r S]³ ±LNM"?,F4* ¢ uOQPKR ÅTSU0íÐÑ Ò Ó(Avalanche Photo Diode : APD) V,À-*ó APD k PMT %-óWYXÑZ²²­[ÑZ² R ÿÂ?· ¶Ø¸­\] b^ ²_<?~± BGO

^<; APD `]?ÿ>ó'?;ÚACB D u WÓHk SGD ÿ>°a&ÀÂ7ª;¿*ó

29

g2.28: HXI ± hi [3]

SGD

ì&b-cd*rÿ>ófehg ^ »!¼±,i±zj!k ∼ 80keV k@ln&¡;ó²­mÂ7ªNno']±p"_U;VW?X-VO>Ì;ìq?ÚÙí W-±r1ªNs² ØV&(*Ì-ó1~*°¬t±zn&ku?v"w,ó . ~,nx ¢y f90ð7T SGD k BGO ?;ÚACB D u W ÓHÿ-¨¿­ Si/CdTe

w&¢y í ¢z *V,À-*ó*~*nd| µn~ x Ú)*K ¢ ÓH±VË@nzn 10 - 600 keV ±Z&(TV wîµ7¿"1ó-~±~ x Ú)"*- ¢ Óä±0ÿ>3¿­?ÿ 100 keV n1±Z0ÿ×>;ó ! VI'J-±,_;`ÃÄ 1 1z';ó&~&V wÙrµB¿;ó g 2.29 ÿ SGD ±7hiTV­d 2.6 ÿ'_&`CV*j-ó

U!VWXZ 10 - 600 keV

U!VWX «¬*` < 2keV (FWHM, at 40 keV)abS!]150cm2 at 30 keVcd

33 × 33arcmin2(< 150keV)

600× 600arcmin2(> 150)

2.6: SGD 1±!_*`[*\->ÿ w*¢ry í ¢z *± Vf1Ì SGD nÀCÄ ªó w1¢y í ¢z *rk Â3² 5

cmþ k@ln­0qrÚrW± Si 90ð7T (Si-Pad) CdTe 90ð7T1²d£uN¶ÄªNn hiV*µ¿×Ùظ­ ° CdTe 90ð7T1nE*ýª;¿*ó'ÿr×*!ó7Þß- S!] V g 2.30 ÿ*j-óNx ¢y f1²

90ð7Tÿ'1Ì>ó w&¢y í ¢ ÿ>ØU!VWX±rmV µ,²Ä±90ð7TKL<M30

BGO

CdTe

Si

APD 5 cm

E2

E0

BGO

E1

g2.29: SGD ± hi [7]

~±0 w&¢y í ¢ nÛ']ÿ>¨"nrU!V3WXrKV E1 Ì>ó Â7ªNn'x ¢y fk;Án w&¢y í ¢ V Ø¡ µ­p"¢?ÿ!k9ð,T?ÿ¿;Ûå ªó-~± Â,ªCnx ¢y f?±U;VWXKV E2 Ì>ó?~±03U!VWX£¤¥ ¦§'\£¤¥1ÃÄ !þ θ k[&\;±¨ 2.1 n-¨Äª-ó

cos θ = 1 − mec2

(

1

E2

− 1

E1 + E2

)

(2.1)

~Bª0-ظ­â©>UVW-Xr 6']± gª3嫬*²«*ÃrªK­']±®'J þ ² θ n¯Nj1ª>ó-~Bª*k°1n;k±²³1n>¨Ä ªr­d£±']-ÿ17¿-±f²@VuKª-­ . ±f! R ÃÄx ¢fyf´± ®--Vµ&ó*~*²1`&ó

E1

θ

E2

CdTe

Si

back ground

(a)w&¢y í ¢z *r±¶· g (b) £Ñ¸ ¢ íH±uN¹&ýj

g2.31:

w&¢y í ¢z *r± ' [3]

ªKnx ¢fy f&² cdº Ã@ÄB±1n!¡!ó-6»--ªª-­~ x Ú')*" ¢ Ó7ïÌ?~& n31

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

103

10 100 1000

Cro

ss S

ectio

n (c

m2 /

g)

Photon Energy [keV]

CdTeSi

Photo-electricAbsorption

ComptonScattering

g2.30: SGD &(Z?ÿr×*!ó Si CdTe ±!Û<å­ w&¢y í ¢ Þß-d¼ ] [33]

B­~ª1ÿ>3¿ cd Vf¯<j?µ¿ S/N 4V½zÌ>ó*~*²nró@~±n'µ!ÿk Si-Pad 90ð¾!­CdTe 9?ðf¾>ÿ׿©!ª-n ¿ÀÁCÂr,«¬&`­,®> «¬&`CVÝ;Ì1ófÃ1²!¡!ó'i­ 5 cm

þ± w;¢y í ¢z * n;k'9?ð¾-ÿ,¶µB¿'¿ÀÁ<Âr7«¬&`² 2 keV Ä"Å­1Á n 1 - 2 mm ±7®>«¬*`<VÆ10~*²Â7ª;¿*ó

2.7.2 ASTRO-H ÇÉÈËÊÍÌ BGO Î2ÏGÐÒÑ4ÓÕÔÉÖG×ÙØÚKÛÜ<ÝfÞ z!ÿ×r¿ Ý 'ß-à ' gá3åª>ónµ4âWã-ÿ׿ . ±fä'å Ýæç µ7²­ ÚÛ °<è±78Nà Ý . ± ÚKÛÜ ²é Øëêíìî . ±"S'* x Ú3ì Ý ∼ 1/s/cm2 à;¡Ø¸­'¿ÀÁCÂr Ý 100

GeV Ä&z;ÿ>°QïCð Ú-Û Ü ²d'Â7ª;¿d90ð¾-TlV0!óñ'ò>²õÜÙµ ­ ;±9ðf¾-ÿ1°ä'å1²ïNðó ô rµB¿u>~õ,Ú')*" ¢ Ó7;ó . ±nµ ASTRO-H à Ý 1 Ì<3·¡578-à Ï1':1±¡ó BGO ?ÚAKBdDörÁ ÓWVa!ÀÌ&ó'÷ 2.32 ÿÌ<3>·ø78'ù X

Ü 9ð¾ (HXD) à&±?;ÚACB D'öÁ Óú~Éõ3Ú)*K ¢ Ó ±û'ôVÙµn÷-V-ü1ó3Ì43?·¡7'8CàÝ ?;ÚA<BD'öÁ ÓV,À-*ó-ý*à­ 30 - 40 keV ±'þCà Ý ∼ 3 × 10−4cnts/s/keV/cm2 ÃÄ∼ 3 × 10−5cnts/s/keV/cm2 Áà­ 1 ÿ ~GõÚ")*- ¢ Óò²?*óNý>ý&Ã1ó ASTRO-H

ÿ×&ó ?!ÚAKBdDörÁ Ó° PoGOLite /0­'9?ðTV Ü ½dÄ º ö ¢ èÉFàKöÁ Óµn1°3±dà­ ÚKÛÜ ± TVpCjÿ!Áà >¨;ó-/;ÿ,­NöÁ ÓVB@?ó*Í~ õ,Ú')*" ¢ Ó °9?ðÙHÞC/£TV0óKý;Qàd~ õ,Ú')'*" ¢ ÓV&Ì1óKý&²à-óöÁÓ ¦1²d90ð¾Nà&¡;ón'µ­x ¢ydÜ ~-rì íòTl7± õ¦±ú'VËÍdý*° à&¡;óASTRO-H ÿr×*!ó BGO ó ; ±úõ0íç£ Ý HXI ² 9 ;­ SGD ² 25 Cà&¡;ó

32

÷ 2.32: Ì43?·¡7'8 HXD à@Â7ªNn => Å BGO ?;ÚACB D'öÁ ÓHÿó~Éõ3Ú)*K ¢ Ó± !"$#" [21][22]

BGO úTõíԲϣ?¡;ó± àd7'8Íj@ĪNn,Û%r­ìq&rìà Ý IJ±ö ¢ èGF&'ê1ïð-µÿÀN¿"-n;Û] P() V,ÀN*óNý* Ý à+* . ±nµ ASTRO-H à Ý BGO ó ; ±ê1ï*ð>µ ÿ?~@* ¢ ö O SKUí ÐÑ Ò &Ó (APD) V,À-*ó HXI/SGD

ÝAPD >ÃÄ¢,<- ÿ.,¿ÞC//10£@Vð %Ì1ó3²­ . ±° FastVETO r HitPattern ÿ,«&Ãrª

ó FastVETO Ý BGO à'2@ÄÃ*ÿ!Ñ ¸ ¢ í à1¡&óYVf9ðµn 3¹;­ 5 usec Ä+4rÿ"9ðK7ð %?ªr­ . ªCV5768+.n9ð Ý ý3±;±Ñd¸ ¢ í:9&; TV=< Ì*ó@ýBª&ÿ=.3¿ ~GõÚ")*- ¢ ÓQV;>Ì-ó9õ0Ó>Ñ?CV@ ·äÌý'AB²àB*ró ­ HitPattern CÝ

FastVETO à1D<*7ª'EÃ.n-XÑZ&ÿGF¶°ª-ók@l7± C¿ÀdÁÂ=&Ѹ ¢ íVf90ð>µ ­ . ªVH 30 usec ¢-ÿ'9?ðKIA7ð %Ì1ó ý3±BA*J9?ð Ý 9&; TVBËK. ¿?µ3ÁÍ ²­T?!ÚA<BD'ö&Á ÓÔÃÄL5B6M.n HitPattern CV8N¹*Ì>ó-ý'A7ÿظ­ ÞO à&±9&';'?ÿr׿ FastVETO à Ý PAü'EÃ.n~GõÚ)*K ¢ ÓVd1Ì>ó-ý'A²à7*ró± àBØë_$QR±9&'A8E&ó

BGO ó ; ±3ê1ï*ð>µ ÿÀ-*ó APDÝ ÅCà\]û ^ ²_ · PNRd^ °>SM*²¤¥!¦90ð¾Nà

¡!ó²r§!¨!ÿÛ] P() ÿT'%!¿CXÑ Z=C1²1SU*d@Â1ÄBÿ BGOÝV W Ý _C²õ '\1²X E'UAÍY Z$[°1\;ó FastVETO æ HitPattern ±9&';'¶°>]<µ­ Ã&ÿ-XÑZ&ÿ ^ µ

¿d~ õ,Ú')'*"_Ó =C±QR@V/\`óíMA@ÍýA ²aZÿ=E!ó<ý3±*ÍEb-àp°û'ô²'\*ó±²XÑZ<SBÁKr¯²­ HXI à 9 *­ SGD à 25 0± APD CYV8c-¿ IJ?±"?/d7e")SBÁK ¨<àf$g-Ì-óà z ~B&rÌ>óNý'A Ý jĪ<n - ¼hNà Ý ´ µ . ýà HXI/SGD àÝ

FPGAO à9<BiÁ4SBÁ+'Vj1Ì>ó-ý'AAµ¿*ó

33

÷ 2.33: HXI ÿr×'6!óC$;'Mk_l&'À7_@í [23]

2.7.3 BGO monqpsrutwvMx÷ 2.33 y&ÍBÿ HXI/SGD à Ý =C;C -z 4 |yDeKõÿG~'&ó HXI/SGD-S

(Sensor) HXI/SGD-AE (AnalogElectronics) HXI/SGD-DPU (Data Processing Unit) HXI/SGD-DE(Digital Electronics) -à\!ó BGO+APD =CNB_Q['&M P-R ¾ (CSA)

à P<R+ Cn$C Ý AE +y APMU(APD Processing and Manegement Unit) A% 7APMU "N?/d7e")C+y$³ PCR ³ ' AD Cn¢B FPGA =9-BifÁ/; ; Ý 9KB1iÁSBQÁB897'y VETO =C+G%?$ 7_¡ Ü ~&u »$¢EK£ APMU à Ý ¤ $¥de$¦ - y§¨7_>©=ª«¬ ª=­ ¬ ®=RE+£8y/9$& (House Keeping:HK) ¯M° ²± DPU Ý SpaceWire ³´qµG¶DE 'y=¨_/&·¸1¨y¹=º$ APMU » CPMU My/9$&yG576u¼ APMU » CPMU y½¾ EK£³ P± DE Ý ¡¨'e¿eÀõJÁB³8]ÂB¨/ÃU_UÄCÅ HK 9&'/y ;ÆU³ P± Ç ¶ ÈÉIËÊk¡+_U̳8ÍÎÏJ DPU 'Bk¡+_U̳Ê$'Ð

APMU à Ý APD ÑÒNàÓB '¶=C Ý Ó7'y VETO =C K8s? ¯²AA° = _8¡ ÜÔ &/sÕg$Ö (GRB) E+£8y×Ø=g$ÖyÙ$°J] Ç G GRB Ú=Û7µ$Ü ± S*E=ÝÞßà&³á|¶=â APMU ãÚ 5 MeV

Ç ãyÝÞ1ßà& 1äå ã*/æ ± ADC yç¨dUè$é1Bê_1i 0 - 5.2 MeV A8E'æ ± ëì $' BGO íî'³ïÂ'1Ð'¶â$y1ÁM_¿Kð1_/8ñòóU³ 1 MHz A=ÏJ7ôy¶â$y ADC Ñ=Ò ADC128S102QML ã\ =õö ¶eé1y 1/16 ÁM_¿Kð1_/A8E=¶â1 APMU-FPGA ãÚ ADC128S102QML 15 MHz yeé1³÷ø$' ù 2.34 À+_ÁúGûI ADC Ç ãy CSA '§¨7_>©=h~K·$üß+ý/yþeé1ù³ÿÐ

34

BGO APD

CSA (HIC)

APD-CSA APMU / 1 APD

ADCADC128S102QML

1 =1us

C=3pFR=300Mohm

QE=0.22e- / keV

Gain=50

10 ph/keV Buf ( )

+

Gain=40

Gain=6 "!$#&%('*)Gain=1/2 Dynamic Range

32 mV at 50 keV3.3 V at 5.2 MeV

Range 0 to 3.3 V

ù 2.34: HXI/SGD y APD ,+.-Æ/,021 ã$Ú435Ú46,7y APMU ãy4829+³;:¢IÏ2+=2<+³>=ü@?ýß$ã BA ¶DCã VETO

,+ByFEHGJIBy©Kù 2.34 >LF8J9U³M6ON2PãDQ,R²Ï ¶ ± øãOSGuUTOS>GJVU³©W ¶1

35

X3 Y PoGOLite Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b cd e

3.1 fhg ikjPoGOLite Ú@l X m »on7 qp¡DmqS@r,sU³ äå Ðut=¶â.v PDC û (2.6.1 w ) xMyzD|Bt$·¨7é~UÙBé7³4Ù.2TUQ'ãFB/Ðt Ç ¶HC@qvHO,t Ô é>,Jp+̳U@'Ðt¶=âv SAS û (2.6.2 w ) xyOzH|qt BGO ¥ODü=þJú/ß ÌJ³ñBv@. ÏOtF'·O>¨+é;~QãJt PDC û7ÚJp;~qêúýDS1¢=óFB tO¡xG³4¢.£MÏ41ò<J¤,¥+³4¦U§O¨¯ÐWª©4« +B¬I£ ± ¬³4¨.­.®¯ ϧ Ô éU.°pMÌÚ,UÐBtU Ç ¶F±qCOv.=úý8Í$ÎU³>¦ ±² v7æB¼³J´q DrJsÍ$ÎU³4¦ ± ¶âv ò,<B=úý³M¨¯'Ðqt@ SAS û+Ú¥ODü=þ.úß Ì@xÏD§ VETO

« +K³µ@EÐt47O¶JU·2¸ã.t>F¹qv PDC § SAS x°Fv Ô é@,°JpKÌSº,»s¼ÅOÙUé½¼S@¾J¿JÀÆÁS¶âUÂ$ßOH¨Ã¼;Ä>żJ°UT³M¨$¯'Ðut7¶³MJÐutFul X mJr,sÅ VETO

« +ªµFE7³4¦ ± ¶â.v@ÆóÁS.up4~êú'ý³MÇuD§ô,SïµÏ@vÚ@ÈÊɨËU̧¨qpS>s$ªÒJÍ.ÎJÀ (PMT) ³>£t@7ô,S / óBÚF·uϨqpç/ú2ÐJ=ßã 92/ v°F q¼&§BôU|ÒÑ

³>Ó2ÔãD-ÆÐut·,¸uOt@¡4| Ç ãOv>ÕJÖJ×ÁS@ØOEvæ7¼&§ PDC ûãUÙ.ÈBÚF·,¸ãOtò,<J¤.¥Ûxò,<¨$¯,7¶H§ SAS ûãD·,¸ãOt VETO

« +ªµFE§Â$ßOH¨Ã¼;Ä>żJ°UTUÜ.ÝJ7¶'Ú@ÞJÝàß|.¶FÏ4¬KÏ¡S ÇÇ ã'Ú PDC û£Ûx SAS û£ÛxáuâS¦DãU³Þ.Ý Ï@ Òä'Ú. àÑ4 JKÏ;§ÅåæçxÐBt PDC

ûãSBÄ@è¼°DTDÜÝuH×Ýã © .2Uôu¡ ãHéBÚ PDC ûÃx SAS û½SU·J¸Á U7¶B³ Ç xâD§PDC/SAS ûãDê£qS¦DãU³Þݲ϶U¡|uvæ A ¦DãBCã'Ú PDC ûÃx SAS û½Së@¥BHìèä q¼í= Ô éUUHî.ïuv, Ot@ Ç ¶CFðÁSæ ± v PDC ûãOSuÄ>żJ°UTUÜ.ÝUñ¶v, A ¶U

PDC ò,<J¤.¥.§ò,<J¨$¯.§,Â$ßOH¨Ã¼;Ä>żJ°UTUÜ.ÝSAS VETO

« +ªµFE§,Â$ßOH¨Ã¼;Ä>żJ°UTUÜ.Ýòó Ò½up4~êú'ý ò,<J¤.¥.§ò,<J¨$¯.§,Â$ßOH¨Ã¼;Ä>żJ°UTUÜ.Ýô3.1: PoGOLite S@õûÁv2.,U6JöÐ W½© 7¶

Ç ¶ PoGOLite ãÚ>÷.øãDùâH§l X m »onqúqpûDm äå x4üOv òó Ò½up4~êú'ýHvæt>ýþ ò>ó Ò Ô éU.°pMÌíSIð4ÿ1ßKý,Tì å ¦ ò>ó ÒÊBp~²ê8úýBxÏ'Ú 1 òó ÒuvDâ © 9000 s=Ò µ t LiCAF(Eu 2%)

PDC ûBüBv BGO íîã+é;~2Q.ã£tUq¡|uv7æ A PoGOLite S.¸½ Ô éU..°Opãt ò>ó S "! øD§Uæ$#&%u(') ×.Ýã © t4ñ¶ ó Ot@ PDC ûçx4ü+*uä ò,<J¤.¥qvæ A òó, 5¬úqpûDmB .-; , 5¬ "/ ¥ã © tDH§ LiCAF(Eu) væHtò,<ÁS@,u10ó (τ ∼ 1600 ns) ÚBGO (τ ∼ 300 ns) x32 W 'ÚtH¬v4 ä"§ PDC û½S='úý-5ª2.T ôJS6678H¡x9

36

ã © U:6;<BS PDC û= SAS û DIO Board þ7ê>Bpx?@;BAMð>ú>¾uvJD,,TUÝC

?Ot,SªxEDÁH§½¡HS ò>ó qp~²ê8úýS='úý4-5F9GC½v( èä ·J¸BOtFôu¡ ãHéF9ò4óB pM~qêúýUS;=âJv@§ LiCAF p;~qêúýDS@Hsò<qv@IJKL;MBN(O,ã# 2àѧò4óB pM~qêúýJûqSP GCqv ,ÞÊß"KutD,T Q1R ?@;F7ù 3.1 v PoGOLite SOLÏqpç/úTJ°UüSV½µ@WqSX,¸ LKBt@

ù 3.1: PoGOLite YZ[\ù

DAC

CSA

CSA

FlashADC FPGA FPGA

Waveform Digitizer Board

PMT output

PMT output

8ch

PMT HV control

SpaceWire I/F

CPU

SpaceWire

Data Storage

DAC

CSA

CSA

FlashADC FPGA FPGA

Waveform Digitizer Board

PMT output

PMT output

8ch

PMT HV control

SpaceWire I/F

Digital I/O Board

FPGA FPGA

trig

trigSpaceWire I/F

Router Board

Fan-In/Fan-Out Board

SpaceWire I/F * 8

trigtrig

trig trig

SpaceWire

SpaceWire

SpaceWire

SpaceCube

AND

OR

ù 3.2: PoGOLite PDC ûÁv2.tÛ¼1ðú « +ÁS :] [17]

37

3.2 PoGOLite ^`_badcbegfihkj lnmporqbs3.2.1 tvuxwzy|v.~

PoGOLite ,£t FADC Board 9@Õ¦ 0.1 v: A PMT S(J< « + (L S 3.3 S::v>¨L ut¡x;Uñ¶Ot@

0 10 20 30 40 50

765

770

775

780

785

790

795

800

805

810

Ch 0

0 10 20 30 40 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch 1

0 10 20 30 40 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch 2

0 10 20 30 40 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch 3

0 10 20 30 40 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch 4

0 10 20 30 40 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch 5

0 10 20 30 40 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch 6

0 10 20 30 40 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch 7

3.3: FADC Board U¨?;ÁS¡FSB:9 37.5 MHz Êp(M+FpD"F¨x?;JOt> FADC Board v9 8 ch. SJÿNJ1 .#&§u¡ 3.3 9 ch 0 v:?M¬ «B ?M,J ;B<:D~.p(9B 1?4.. ,H$9B4v 37.5 MHz 12 bit ¡¶L « 50 N¢F£

?4.t@:6B; T « v9 750 ¤F-@U¥:(O¢½¼T92¬BKOt@ PoGOLite T9J¤.¥.§B,¨,§ÊÄ ¼í°¦F¨:MN(O,9@§Á§2|F¨,¡ 12 bit ¡O¶D§ 37.5 MHz ÊpMFFp£+ £,.t@T T9B 3.4 ©N:¢U1 ¨xvu¡(FMN1OJOvHâ,Uª:«U ut@

PoGOLite L9 Bt¬UJÌ­uOt ¼1;úx®°¯ £±+² tÁx½¼1Mú (Trigger Hit-

Pattern)« µ utqxJxU¨Uv Fast up4~®" ¬ Slow up4~®" /BGO ³:´up4~®" B ¤J¥T tHõqp;~x® 9(0B τ Fast pM~x® τ ∼ 2 ns § Slow p~®" τ ∼ 230 ns § BGO ³:´ τ ∼ 300 ns xq OtB;U§ « 9B 2.23 4v+C:¬#TµJDÁ tF Fast Bp~¶®£ :9J ,(·B « x / ¥àß@|;¸Iqv9ç¼1úªx9@¥F

Pulse Shape Discri«B µ ?§B$¤J¥ ¹º tqvDtM¤,¥: .ô ?;

3.5 .t($H(0B»u¸I9 ò PeakFast x PeakSlow ¤¼£½?ä ¾#&§4u¸I9 PeakSlow > PeakFast x4 Ot@

38

DIO Board

HitPattern

DoW

rite

UpperD

iscri

PeakSlow

IntDelayedD

ata

Trigger

UpperD

iscri

PeakSlow

Saved_HitPattern

Saved_UD

/PSD

Saved_number_of_event

Writing

DoR

ead

Reading

Readdata_counter

Storage_counter

DelayedH

itPat

IntAdcData

Address

WF dataNowTime 2 line

WF 8ch. 50 line

Control StorageModule- Storage/Readdata_counter- Control Readding/Writing

Temporary, Save 8ch. Waveform- Save NoeTime : 24 bit (f = 1.17 MHz)- Save Waveform 16bit x 50points x 8ch x 4buffer- Save Hit, UD, PSD, number_of_event

Storaging Waveform- check Compress, HitPattern- Save Header Data and Waveformbyte : dataform0-1 : x"00" & [number_of_event(High bit)] ( 8bit )2-3 : [number_of_event(Low bit)] (16 bit)4-5 : [HitPat](8bit) [UD/PSD](2bit) [IntReadAddress](2bit) [ch](4bit)6-7 : [NowTime(Low bit)] (16bit)8-9 : [NowTime(High bit)] (16bit)10-110 : [Waveform]

- WritingStateMachineModule- StoraginModuleare Both "ON", Storing = ’1’

Storing

One Wave- Header 5 line- Waveform 50 line

Address

Storage Data

mem

ory_out_add

mem

ory_out_dat

Output : Trig, HitTrig, UpperDiscri, PeakSlowDiscriData - IntData9 > TrigTh

Delay HitpatternDelayLength = "10011"

Delay DataDelayLength = "10100"

< TrigModule >

< DelayHit >< DelayData >

< WritingStateMachineModule > < main_buffer >

< DoReadViaSpwModule >

< StoragingModule >

< DataStorage >52

208

128 bit

55

7040

16 bit

Trig

UD

HitPat

PSD

13 clk1

2

indefinite

2

3 clk

3.4: PoGOLite F©N:¢U1

39

Data

Fast3

Slow14

Data - Fast3

Data - Slow14

Data - Fast3

Data - Slow14

Data

Fast3

Slow14

4 clk

15 clk

4 clk

15 clk

< Short Rise Time > < Long Rise Time >

PeakFast

PeakSlow

PeakFast

PeakSlow

PeakSlow ~ PeakFast PeakSlow > PeakFast

3.5: ÁvHt FastPeak x SlowPeak DB6; Fast pM~x® «B 9 15 keV - 200 keV ¿BÀ S1 tFÁTÂHmBvLDt@Sx¢F,°.p .-@>ÌB « T ß|;¸I$9à « F utB;.v@¥Ä Upper Discri

« µ ut@ ¬(,¤J¥ÅO¶vDâ.2B..t42¡M| Ñ 6Bx".tBxíÓ.âT PDC Æ$¢B¼ÈÇBv ô 3.2

M ü(ú « xEJ¤.¥ « µ ut@Trigger ,Ì­Jx®¢@ÉÊË ¬ÌÍU;ªÑ>µ Pulse Shape Discri (PSD) u¬ Ѥ.¥ª¡4|v$# Fast up4~®" ¬

Slow/BGO up4~®" ¬ ë>¥Upper Discri (UD) ,Ì­¬.Ú­ ¬ÌÍU;2¬-¬2Hit Pattern -@ PMT 1ÎÏ?4.tB2¬2ô

3.2: PDC T>¤.¥ «

PoGOLite L9B¡1üU;úU=¤¥ « 12 ÐF FADC Board ¬ ÑÑGC½vOµ ß>|,§:ÃD| DIO Board (Ò$Ot@ DIO Board 9ç¼(ú T ß|J¬ ÑMtUµUÓLµB ¼(ú µ ?;Ô 8Ê PSD § UD

Ò$U§:Ãç¼(úB1V½µOß|; « L utD¬-¬ / 0L ut@ PSD v$#@¡( « Slow/BGO up4~®" « Otqx /Õ ß|;½x © =,§ UD

¬ÌÍU;>ÌB « U|OzÊߣK D UD( Ìx#&§ Fast pM~x® ¬àÑ" « .tBx /LÕ ß4|,|Oz DIO

Board ¬ ÑÖY FADC Board × xE L utB; ’DoWrite’« µ ß|Bt@õ FADC Board 9 DoWrite

«B Ø 4¨.Í;½ÑÖB: Q(Ù t> ¼ú VÁµ?;F?>zÑäµH(ÚBÛ?M,Ot;BF§LÃBÁx © PMT«B Bx?M$¨Ü ÛÝ;B xM .tU

40

Þ ·ß ß@K.; L ut@ ¼(ú(Câ 0.4 usec àO¬ ÑÊ QUÙ ?§ 50 N:¢U£ FÃ 1.4 usec qtFÁ¡>|uv:+#u¼U;úUà:F =F@.+ ¨uUñB¶Ot@ DoWrite

£Ø ¨Í1; FADC Board (Y~Op1 PMT« ?4.tqx 1 Ì

B T tMBN(O, ∼20 usec ¤+-¬¬Í>+?6DU§Fý © F¢: ¦v2 TÍ>+?6$ÃU| ¡áL utB;.v HitPattern

« £, « 1V½µOß|;H~:p1BP ®J¯¶?41 ut@Bâv#v 1 ~:p1BPOD|z 4.3 usec ¤F-v2µ "ã:² t¡x; © t@B$9 FADC Board FPGA äFÐxvFÓå,v@Êß4|t> FPGA äFÐxÑ9@B 9

128 OL¢.¼>?¬U © HB@ý2î1æ Flash Memory UOL¢.¼íß|;B©®°p,t SpaceCubevB >çè t>B 9 3.6 vé.Í1;Hû.¢q¼ê(ÊßM|.JOt;F§ëL¥,°1up£(¡ìT Lí ² -£ Ô îÖ+-£Dï-£(ðñ@(U H¬D§T6U;ÃB+ò © Ô 8ÊuÄT¢½¼& :ñ§ UD/PSD óôx¨3õ.íLöLò÷$øíù

x"0 0"Board ID Number of Event Now Time Low-bit Now Time High-bit

HitPattern discri

UD/PSD

IntRead Address working ch.16 8 7 6 5 4 3 0

ch 7 ch 0 0 ~ 7

is 8 bit

Wave Data 01 Wave Data 50

3.6: PoGOLite úûLüí@?;+T Tý(2û¢½¼ (1 :110 byte)

õ Ô îþUÿï$9 Ô îÖBNL¢Uúx?ÿï$ü1÷ TíùÃB;Bÿµ÷;1ÿï$ú¾®Ñ÷*>íù:ö¾®9 ? íUµ:9U:ø ;BB¥ :ñ£(¡ì"!#%$'& úÏ$øíL $ ú (B0:µ) DIO Board *,+ pseudo - ( .- ) ÷0/ :íù$ö- ! Ø ü1Í1;2+43 FADC Board 95! pseudo - úITJK;Tý6.¢"7&1L íùö(Fò1øÿ(ïx¨ 3.6 8$ú9:íù¡ìÿTúö( pseudo - ! Ø ü1ÍU;ÿ(ï5!:; Y<T Board Tÿ(ï5!£ITJK:íLöLò÷ =0>¾ò?Tíù¥ ñ9Tö@U@!ALú@¡ì"! #B$ ùDCE)F!:GLíU;UúB9 Fast HLñð®> V/

L;- PB(¡ì"! #I$KJL ÷Mí(÷D DIO Board *9+ DoWrite - ! Ø ü HitPattern - úLÍ2;@U:N1úB9 Slow/BGO HLñð®> úLí"U¨POQLí@ùÃUB;U<RTSU V< úDWLí;Bú1¥0XD:ñ£:¨ Fast Hñ"ðx®> (V"/?L;B:PY![Z\]Wíù¬^_`L $ ú Fast Hñ"ðx®> ò Slow/BGO Hñ"ð¾® a@B÷bíùÃLö@c¬,R3d 0! eDf_g Fast ò Slow bFTíDhT%7êÓ+Ü(]£­2!1YWí (FastPH/SlowPH) ù Fast Hñ@ð : $ úBÿi÷U»FüD0@jk"+@hL%7êÓT+¨ 8"lÜ(]@­îòmRT Slow/BGO Hñ£ð®" $ úÿDi÷ nFü 0 Fast hT%7ÊúUíLÜ(]£­÷DopgTíù+ö $ _?1%+P:íqr A5stp7Pu(¦÷ 3.7 ]Míù

41

fastPH0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

slow

PH

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

fastPH vs. slowPH of central unit

3.7: _`5!U¯ñ57vZ\B_` 2r A5stp7Pu(¦ [4]

öö*9+ FastPH=SlowPH òíDwx¬úB]Wí1¯Fñ27ÖyY! Fast HLñ"ðx® (I+z`Bîò_1]WLíù 3.6 U Xý6.¢F7*9+[1¯Fñ27ÖUÿï|ÆF¢"7v<~]!>õFíTöò>5j£D|ÆF¢7Öú- ÷ 5j£01×Fñ m7ñz÷_`D*0!õFíTöò>÷$øíù ¹ & ú<y¬]` ¹ Å$úû 50 keV 90 % CE+Dñ H5(¦<!N0|Æ.¢"7Êú _<ñ 7ñz2!?$ÃE<xòñ 7>ñz$2![1m_`¨U÷ 3.8 Míù ch.0 ÷TñDB7"ñP ch.4 ÷ E L]Míù+ö( $ úF_?D@/]0`5!£¡ìYWíöTò> - ]ñ 7ñz$úUûTüí[b@!:GíTöTò3 - CE U ! i$øíùë$ú ¬DtTúûLüí:¢ "ñu!1 3.9 ú0Wíù

42

3.8: 1 E+úûLüíTñDB7"ñP8ò4E : [17]

3.2.2 . ¡£¢m¤B¥B¦PDC/SAS

a§¾¢u¨ñ2©®I7Ö i|ÆF¢7Öª«¬­:®¯$`Bú°tD±%7'st²7zu¦0!'³]Wíù°tD±0%7gst£7zu¦´V­"![µ:í & ú¶­@!?Aú_t¾®1¢?HFÉ&·©z!¸i,_@_Q $ ò¹ ?º»ÿ¼¥0XF¢7Öbí3Tðñ(ú½¾¿ *Bztx®¢HÉÊÀ©P!Ái_mz]a5+mgÍ2_ Q $ ùÃö PoGOLite Â]aà 3.10 Ä $ úÅ T úYWíDtx®¢HÉÊÀ©P!Ái_g´V­¾¨gÅ T !Aúµ$Tíù

Pulse Height

810

760

770

780

790

800

0 5 15 20 25 30 40 453510 50

à 3.10: à 3.3 ch.0 ´Æ2![ÇÈùDt¾®¢?H$Éê·©ÊÉis?t£7zu¦´V­aö Pulse Height

*,+Kµ$Tíù

43

Trig

HitPat

UD

PSD

DelayHit

DoWrite

Writing

DoRead

Reading

Storing

0 2 13 20 27

indefinite

13 clk

3 clk

21 clk Case : from DIO

52 clk

1ch wave 218 clk8ch wave 1701 clk

7622

0 2 13 20 27 7622 about 162 or 712

DelayLength(=20)+ 1 + 24

IntAdcData

IntDelayData

Threshold

WritingStateMachine and Storaging are both "on"

clock : AdcClock f=37.5MHz, T=26.7 ns

Clock

Clock

NowTime 2 clkWaveform 50 clk

DelayLength(=20)

FastClock

Positive Witdth is "HitPat Width" + 6

about 162 or 712

(FastClock f=100 MHz, T=10 ns)

à 3.9: PoGOLite ´Æ2:¢ "ñu

44

IntAdcData Output : HistTrigDiscri_SubAdcData > HistTh

Delay DiscriDiscriDelayClock

< SASHistDiscri >< WaveformDelay >

< HistRam >

10 b

it=

1024

ch.

Gate

Discri_AdcDelayData Discri_SubAdcData

Delay DataHistDelayClock

< WaveformDelay >

Open GateSave BaseLine at Trig

GateWidth : HistGateClocks

< GateWidth >

HistTrigAdcDelayData

BaseLine

Peak HoldDetect Peak at GateOpen

< PeakDetector>

BaseD

ata

Increment Channel Valueif Gate Close, get peak. Address <= Peak (11 downto 2) : 10 bit IntChNum <= DoutFromRam IntChNum 1++ DinToRam <= IntChNum

< HistMemoryWriter>

Peak

16 bit= 65535 cnt

Histogram RAM1 ram ,1 ch

Gate

Address

DoutFromRam

DinToRam

HistTrig

BaseLine

Gate

AdcDelayData (fixed)

1 GateClocks

BaseData

Peak

< GateWidth >

< PeakDetector>

à 3.11: PoGOLite stp7Pu(¦ ³F©:¢ Dð0t±£7stË7gu1¦0a D´ÆT+ Ä $ úÌÍð:Lñ:ú]Q`B÷:í8ÿ]¯¾ñ97g!?1Î Wí JL aÏ< ÂD3 Ô %©Ð3Lð:Lñ1]ÂDÑc+úÒÓYWíùÃÔ`ÕtmÖ×HÉ4ØÀ©vÉiÜ Ù]ÚñDØ]Û]Ù ØÀ©Ðä ÜÝE×0ÔÞßà<÷D3LðáLñâDØã+ú # ¾:íùä]åÂ]aà 3.11 Ôstp7Pu æ0ç× DÃ0!AúèéWíù

AD êë5[]` PMT -ìT÷st²7íuæÜîïÙØLú?ðñíò4QòÜîïÙØó Ô Discriô]õ ò4-ì÷ ö0÷5+ííùFöÔ+ò(øgøùm_`´ÆîòÔÅú@!òRTû<X@×7Kaüý5?íù Åúþ Ùÿ÷t5Ö×'HTØË©4! DYs?t%7íuæY!'ÞßW Ä $ HistTrig -ìT÷ GateWidth

]Ùâ 57 õ /ñ@ù GateWidth a HistTrig -ì5!+ü1 `2+z(iYÔh]Ù%7P!/ñWùst²7zuæÜîïDÙØÂaöÔDhÙI7ó Ù"!¸i]W@ùÙ@!¸iW`ÕÔ´Æ þ ÙYÿgøù þ ÙYÿ!Y ùDh]Ù%7P! ` øDÔøù þ ÙYÿ! BaseLine

_gDøù þ ÙYÿ*,+ BaseLine ! ` þ ÙYÿ! h]Ù%7!Fó#"üÚ$D@Ý%uÛ]ÙØÀ© WùTö $ _? Î+P0` Ù]Fa& ÜÝ õ Þß9ùtmÖ×H$4ØÀ©Ð·7 Ý(']/ñ0Ô`ÕÔøù U ½0Â]M DiscriDelayClock h]Ù%7!Â]M Hist-

GateClocks ]hYÙ²7[óú´Æ9!Õ`ÕÔøù U ½<Â]M HistDelayClock a SpaceCube Âê) ÷=<>ÂYM(ù%*,+Ái<ÂYa DiscriDelayClock ÷ 3 clock HistGateClocks ÷ 10 clock Hist-

DelayClock ÷ 5 clock Â]Mù 37.5 MHz ÒÓFÔ-.<Â]a%7 Ý('B÷D"/]?*,+K´V,L÷"stp7

45

u æTú/<Õ5+PQDÂ]Ôà<]ÔDt<! 20 clock(∼0.6 usec) 0@j[Â213Wùt@¨24Ù þ (úM PoGOLite 5/5"Ô768@Ô FADC Board úÓ³I_` FPGA uæ!9 ø(:yDFM PMT ÔY¹D"stp7Pu æ<!1 Î _`7;=<÷à 3.12 Â]Mùä QDÂ]Ô<stp7u æ ³$úûLü,× ÿD"=u!Dà 3.13 ú0Wù

0 200 400 600 800 10001

10

210

310

410

PoGOLite PMT HistogramPoGOLite PMT Histogram

à 3.12: PoGOLite ÂÔ(,>]Ô PMT úUûü¹ st£7zuæUù 700

850 ch. ú?I+zÙa ADC Ô ,@ AB_? 7C

3.2.3 FADC Board D DIO Board EGFGHI*,+AJ o @ JL YK`ÔL]Ã 3.14 Ô Ä $ A PDC

ô ÂYaCEM LON7PÂM ``Õ´ÆFÔQR´ÆFÔ1 Î ÂM9R SAS

ô ÂaS7TUçHÙØ·© ôV _ÔW2X0ÂM VETO -ìFÔ/ñJ Ä7Y §,×u¨2©ÊêÒÔ?=Z²RgÔ`ÕÔYst£7zuæ³YÂM `C_*@_2[Ô Ä $ A PDC

ô\SAS

ô ÂÔÑc_`%Da]^#L**R þ §9×u q U ]^ 2_ Q $ CYQ` PDC

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ô Ô VETO -ì"a PDCô Â2Y ´ÆQ,R0ÜYîïÙØ<Ô

Trigger

HitPattern tmÖ×H$4ØÀ©P!È AW0 Trigger

HitPattern a/ñ@ò BGO

´Æ5!?@/ W Pulse Shape Discri ÔtmÖD×HdKØÀ©P!20k 0 AW0 VETO -ì2/ñÜYîïÙØ _?2Y [ L K27ClÔ`Õ PDC/SAS

ômn%o !?Ó³YW7C

46

AdcDelayDataat GateOpen

AdcDelayData at GateOpen

Peak

IntPeak(11 downto 2)

Peak

pqp + 1

Idle gate1 wait gate0

readwait

num inc write idle

writewait

Clock

IntAdcData

Discri_AdcDelayData

HistTrig

Search Time

BaseLine

AdcDelayData

Peak

IntPeak

IntAddress

IntChNum

WriteEnable

HMW State

Clock

SpC Defalut 3 clk

Defalut 5 clk

Peak Search Time

2 clk

0 5 10 15 20

0 5 10 15 22

On Gate Open,PeakHold with BaseData(BaseData = AdcDelayData - BaseLine)

Discri_SubAdcData = IntAdcData - Discri_AdcDelayData

Delayed IntAdcData

AdcDelayData that IntAdcData delays.offset ,therefore, remains.

HistMemoryWriter

Busy17 clk

clock : AdcClock f=37.5MHz, T=26.7 ns

DiscriDelayClock(0~127 clk)

HistDelayClock(0~127 clk)

2 clk

If It is "5 Clock",0 clock cycle after PeakSearchTime ON,AdcDelayData is same as Discri_SubAdcData at Trigger rise.So, HistDelayClock should be more than ’7 Clocks’.

HistThreshold

Discri_SubAdcData

IntTrigOR2 clk

Trigger in Save Waveform Module.1clock:Latch , 2clock:SubData=Data-IntData9, 3clock:SubData>Threshold, 4clock:MakeTrigger

3 clk

6 clk

0V

0V

0V

Trig Discri_SubAdcData > HistThreshold => Trig = ’1’1 clk

SpC Defalut 10 clkGate

20

à 3.13: PoGOLite stp7Pu æ ³2× ÿD"=u

47

Trigger Module

SaveWaveform

DIO Board

- Trigger- HitPattern- UpperDiscri- PulseShapeDiscri - Trigger Judge

- VETO Judge- output "DoWrite"

DoWrite

PDC PMT Signal

PDC FADC Board other FADC Board

Trigger DoWrite

MakeHistogram

VETO Discri

SAS FADC Board

SAS PMT Signal VETO signal

à 3.14: PoGOLite FÔ7*+=rsA2Ja,D5×@7hSF×ôÆ]ÞßY"s t·7'u]æ]³",jÔÜ0îïÙDØ2!6_<W FPGA a PDC

ôtSAS

ôu 2AXilinx vw2Ô XC3S1000 Â0MBR Slice Í2a 7680 1 Slice NA LUT a 2 x@M`Õ LUT Í2a15360 BlockRAM ÍL 24 Â]M7C PDC y<Ô %o Â]a[ Ô Slice ÍL 4359 (56 %) LUT ÍL5992 (39 %) BlockRAM ÍL 15 (62 %) !z,B_' SAS yÔ #o ÂYa Slice Í 3875 (50 %) LUT Í 5005 (36 %) BlockRAM Í 24 (100 %) !z=m_ C LUT ÍFa| om A 50 % A~ _ `Õ m o A_[ (i2FÔ Â]aF%C BlockRAM a SAS

ô "a  100 % zB_#L RAM 8<>0a FPGA ß"Ô BlockRAM !7"aÂYaB Slice !yD½0¾%, PA RAM !?Ó³YWú RAM ![  SAS

ôGPDC

ô ÔÑcB_` RAM !6<Â K2 h ¾7C a SAS

ô Â#øù RAM !ú RAM A_P ´ÆÞß st²7zuæ³LòQR,0Ô=Ý'ìñÜîïDÙØ 0y½¾Y` o 7Dm_`7CÓ³m_` 7o ÔÃ2Là 3.15 Â]M7C

Trigger Module

MakeHistogram

SaveWaveform

DIO Board

- Trigger

- HitPattern- UpperDiscri- PulseShapeDiscri

- Trigger Judge- output ”DoWrite”

DoWrite

PMT Signal

SaveWaveform Process(figure:3.4)

MakeHistogram Process(figure:3.11)

FADC Board

other FADC Board

Trigger DoWrite

à 3.15: FADC Board A2Ja, PDC/SASm %o

48

Trigger Module A2J,=u Ý('%,=Q,R<Ô7ì$ DIO Boardõ ñ9_ DIO Board

DoWrite ì$a `Ôk´ÆÞß0ÜYîïÙ ØLcYW7C"Q`,l% aÑcA<stuu=æ³YÜ]îïÙØL ÒÓ]WC PDC/SAS

m 7o J Ä7Y% c¡ Ô`Õ PDCô£¢

SASô y, o A#Ja= FPGA Ô¤,i2¦¥ 3.3 A]WC SpaceWire ÂÔ n §]tÜ]îïDÙا"j PDC

SAS Ô m=nô úOM ``Õ LUT a| 7o Ô¨ Ä Rª©=« ¬ ¾=Y`cL ú RAM `[ Âlcä AºF÷7C LÓ³B_`<Ù²©  1 >0Ô XC3S1000 óA% PDC

SAS ­ L §8®« W[ Ïu¯à5×W[ L K7,7C

PDC SAS PDC/SAS

Slice 4359/7680 (56 %) 3875/7680 (50 %) 7030/7680 (91 %)

LUT 5992/15360 (39 %) 5005/15360 (36 %) 12145/15360 (79 %)

BRAM 15/24 (62 %) 24/24 (100 %) 23/24 (95 %)

¥ 3.3: PDC/SAS A2Ja, FPGA(XC3S1000) Â]Ô7¤=i[Ô¦°9_¦ m o t<¨4?Ù þ AM2(6,±Ô PoGOLite FADC Board A 9 Kh:Yy PDC/SAS

Ô 91 ch 0N?²¦³mÖ[Ù]ÿDÔ 1 ch. Ô7´ 92 ch. sttíu=æ¦ Î _`C0à 3.16 LlÔYsttu=æ þ Ù]ÿµ,C ô 8× 8 L PDC

ô Âcå ô 4× 8 L SASô\¶ ²³,Ö[Ù]ÿµC

PMT ìa 92 ch. §ÔÂ 4 ch. ·ClÔ`ÕÃÔ PDCô Â 3 ¸=¹= SAS

ô  1 ¸¹Aþ ÙYÿL ຯ Ï»,¹LDß¼½7C2à 3.12 Ô Ä¾ § PMT ÔY¹c¿À"stuPu æL à PMT A2J=%Á, A Î Â K7,7C

3.3ÃÅÄÇÆÉÈËÊÍÌ ÎÐÏËÑÓÒÍÔÖÕØ×ÖÙÇÚÜÛÞÝÖß

3.3.1 à\átâÍãdä\åçætèté£êPoGOLite ëMìíîï ∼ 40km

íu¯ðcñ,×ò=ó=ô=dõ÷öøµùú#ûLü Aý Yþ 7C2ùú2û ëÿ,ö ï2Jcl ä]åë 3 Aúa 7C

1. =ùú2û2. =ùú2û3. SAA(South Atlantic Anomaly) ë ùúcû ï ð! ¯¦¦ùúcûë[ øc CXB(Cosimic X-ray Back-

ground: ùú X û"#$% ) %&' ¢ &(§*)Lc`§'+úøµ%C,ùúûï [cë'ùú#û üL-./=B½[ ø°10=A32,",450 øµ,C7698 §3:ëcL+*4;L#< A7=>½?K:%ëï,Sò%TU@=²ACB õ øïDEF HG ¶I øµ%;7J SAA Kï%@,LB,M7NPOµ;CQ%ü,RCST=ÂUëV,Køc3VVëUWøïXYCB1ZA=ï[\1:ë=ëü] ë ( ^9K _&C ) `'a,b(c3døV¯H;7J,e=ë,f3g%òChï7i ë7jWO ?%_ 1000 kPlm)¦øµ%;7JSAA ë ï7noOp\_ï q,ü§%ñrg%òóôs$õ K§,;'`2 PoGOLite ï tu3vfw¿yx!½3;0z1V%ë7jW*vH|F \(Jm~_VVøï75?5\PV5KK(½3;7J

49

3.16: PoGOLite øë PDC/SAS/ I sHA,v5_CC 92 ë PMT ë,C(Ph

xªówC

50

1\',îëC,ì*vy 0z%O,ï((Pv yK¡¢V3KO7£P¤(¥3Vcë11ùúûëñrg%òówôs$õ¬ëDE3`'¦§ø,¨%;7J%e=ë0zOC©F 703O¥ PoGOLite øï Slow ªwh¢gòsHA,« BGO ¬,ò­®'@ABºõO';/¯°C±²³v´,\07ñg7òów,ôs$õëDE*v3\'¥ 2.0 × 2.0 ë7µ¶·¸¹»ºF ¼¥ Fast 3srHA5øë2C/½r 707¾ X ûÀ¿ÂÁPÃs Ä2ûÅÆë21vÇÈ3¡1;3VKø2ñrg%ò,ó%wô%sOõ¼vüÉm¼DCE1¡1;JP ¸* ¦ñrg%ò,ówô%s õë*Ê7¥ X ûË¿ÌÃms Ä#û,«,ï%¬ò'­1®@A'BÐõ»¢)Cv ´\;5V3Kø,lÍ 100 % DCEøÉ(;C`'¥2ùú#ûë I ïøï\0z71Î7Ï´1vHÐPÑCG7¥ië$ûFKÓÒ(Ô _:ÖÕ× ë Ø|,î`%í1\%0zÙ>ODE¡3;5V5KïÚÛø,¨%;7J 3.17 O¥P1Ü'ÝHA*ÞCsO3(; PoGOLite ß5h3f5àPsá(A7âmãä ë 20 - 100 keV ë7UWOp5Ñ;åæÅÆ ( ¸,O oç ) Kñrg%òówôs$õ¬ë èéhê òrxëBvìí¡3;7JVbO3(;PK ñrg%òówôs$õ¬ï 100 mCrab îîø%¨ï¥CåæÅÆ ë 1/2 O5:ñð5¡; J%eë%øP:' I ,ñgò=ówôsõ`cñgò=ówôsdõ ë^ò,+óø5¨,;3VKH¸!¹7 I ñrg%ò,ówô%sOõhëô%õ*vöP¤b1÷C¥7â¢ã ä3`mmø1\',îvð+ø1É(;ù5ú I `%¨; J¢Vë0z¥ PoGOLite ß,hf,àH1s(áCA(ûü(BOïým I 1O =îmvþ,ÿLiCAF(Eu) I m3srHA5Hâmãä¢víF _\5;7J

Energy [keV]Energy [keV]

)-1

keV

-2 c

m-1

Sig

nal R

ate

(c s

-710

-610

-510

-410

-310

1 Crab100 mCrabtotal backgroundneutron backgroundgamma-ray background

20 100

3.17: 1Ü'ÝHA*ÞCsO3(;ñrg%òówôs$õ hê òrxëB [16][4]

3.3.2 ué I 9Kï7×]3` 1.6749× 10−24g ø,lÍ&C9K¯ñ×]ø,¨ï¥ ` 1 fm ëë3V5K¦ø,¨%;7Jøï¢v'D\_ "!ø,¨ï¥$#"%'&( 886.7± 1.9 )ø&C9KÓ3p*/,+3ÝA9x$- (O.0/¡3;7JmV%ë% I ï1,îPO3~_$2 3.4 ë3O7ó4b1;7J

0.025 eV ý¢ I 0 ∼ 1000 eV [01¢ I 1 ∼ 500 eV 31¢ I 500 keV 4,M í'1¢ I 2 3.4: I ë1,îPO3(;ó

51

I ï(M7 ë5O 1Î7Ï´ï Ð1Ñ\0z'FK Ï´¡;H/½mv65´ H_Câã¡; J1Vë Ï´ï8709 K6:;3O óPÑP¹ b¥$709 ï< I 709 K=>< I 709PO7¥?:;ï3@'AFKBôDCPOó4b; J$E"1m I GF$< I 709¥>< I 7"9`H0IPÎJ%¨ï¥'< I 709GF ÕDKPÎL0M0z'5`N*47\Õ1lP)»ÅÆ¢vHâPã ¼«¡\CJOPOým I"P ¿ [D1m I"P F8"@'A¥ô"C/½,`HIÎDJ,¨%;7JQSR TFU?V"WX [8] OY3¸b%_\5;0zC¥1VVJZF0:$;[ô0C/½PO(ÿ%\_C5?1;7Jô0C/½yKF P 1`3 I'P v":; R ¥\]^%¥D_ P v8`*ã R _a¢0$ P mOô'C!4 b;b½[V5K6J,¨%;7J0 Pc Æ[N4\$ P ( d ) [e]¥3ÃPsÄf`,¨?g*hb½ R \%0zC¥¢ I0P[2v'i'j âmãJPÉ;7Jkg0¥lA?msno3`'[3\%0zOb½PO,p(;(XY'BPZA Q q`$r9K~_ ( sý?b½yK R _ ) 2b;JV b,F, I'P â¢ã0[b½J>F qò9K,;J4>tZ[u 3.1 ¸!¹vu3.3 Ow02Î0@A'b½0u*vìí¡3;7J3ux'yPO¨%;(XY'BPZAqGF3V$[% I0P @'AG[z"'|!V;8b½¸¹=`¢ãZb1;(XY'BPZA,v3~'!5¡3;8b½G[ Q qJ,¨%;7J

n + 32He → 3

1H + 11p 0.765MeV (3.1)

n + 63Li → 3

1H + 42α 4.78MeV (3.2)

n + 105 B → 4

2α + 73Li 2.792MeV (3.3)

V[mʥu 3.1 [ 32He Op';,:["F 10

5 B OÒ?_$b½Z$05`$*É7\'z¥kgD8u 3.3 [ 105 B

F7å'''%Ò,` 20 % K3O7º0¡3;5V5K`'JPÉ;5V5K¸¹Ó¥PVbr¹3[% I0P b½GF0[% IP âmãä K R _pPh5%´kb%_PÉCJ R ¸ R `¹ 32He « 10

5 B v3CÕ×GFÃh¸æ'J,¨;Dzh(ê5A(h%O"Ó`%¨ï¥0i"0: R \0"ä1O8í,¡;,V,K3FÛ R \'J"PO,~_63Li `»A%ªZb' I \$0[z%3s 5J%¨?¡ LiCaAlF6(LiCAF) `0¢s£bzC¥"u 3.2 v ´5\?ô0CÏ%´ZJ,¨¼`¹6¤CæG[3sr 5v ´5\>¡5V5K`Cùú5O~CJ6Li O0F Q q,` 4.78 MeV K=*É7\¢K\¢¦¥'§ ¨'¡ J*VHb5Op3¢¹ b>'hê> (h0J¨ñ`¹¨ ó1, I0P @AG[¢v3©'ªJPÉD¡PKv«'¬£b¥ PoGOLite JZF3V$[ LiCAF 3sr 5vý¢ I0P âmãä K R _­%´%¡,¡è!J,¨?¡7J 3.18 O3V$[0@A'b½G[E'1¢ I0P Op5Ñ¡8ôCb½G[b½>¢v 3He(n, p) K 6Li(n, α) O(ÿ%\_(ìí¡,¡7J pPñXY®PZ" `$¯£¡,¡Oÿb0b½?FNmÖ~_,\¡VKH`ó¸,¡7Jp~_ PoGOLite J>FCâ¢ã ä%æv3°~_%\¡ 15 cm ±G[D²³-¼Xr'sC0 $®´B[%O3V$[5 I0P âmã ä º5b¡5VKOGpPï¥ K K8FE1¢ I0Pµ ~ [`Cý^£b(ý¢ I0P O~,fw3g$lCh âmãC¡,¡7J

52

3.18: E1* I'P jWmOpÑ?¡ 3He(n, p) K 6Li(n, α) [$b½?[ J$¶·mO, I'P [X%Y

®PZ" [eV] ¥0¸0·Fb½> ( ¹ 1s ) J,¨?¡7J [8]

PoGOLite O'p,Ñ'¡ IDP sH!T ,F8º][*É LiCAF (Eu 2% = ª ) z,mK¼°»7½0¼I [E\ LiCAF (Ce 2% ¦ ª ) z>0[3½%ÿ`¾"¿3O'M`~_\¡Jhz"[3À"Á,[3Â"]3OZp3復±F LiCAF(Eu) ` 5 mm ¥ LiCAF(Ce) ` 26 mm J¨0¡J LiCAF(Eu) OZp$¡ÃÄ[C°!²,F ∼1600

ns J'¥ LiCAF(Ce) Op¡°$!²GF ∼40 ns J%¨¡ J 3.20 K 3.21 O LiCAF(Eu) K LiCAF(Ce)

[5Ps 98 5*ÞCsTºZÃ?Ä (FADC Board [5ª£- ¬Psª%ãÅ ) v7ìí1¡¡CJDÆ?Ç K ÒÔk[ZzBGO z[3sr *ÞCsºÃ0Ä*vHí>È%_\>¡7J I0P 3sr 5F ý¢ I0P ["ÉvÊ'ËÎO7âmã R \?zC¥ PDC ÌP¯ÍPO BGO z5v ´

\?,f?Îh%g¼Ï0Ð*vÑ,´%¡,¡7J Pc Æ[N£\ LiCAF I0P 3sr 5FÃPsÄf K8Fº?Ò:;'b½*v R O!¼\`Ó?Ò_ P FÔZÕ\DÖÓ?Ò_ P F$LM×'ØÙGp~_Ú'º]1`Û>¡0z¥,sH!T ,8Ü>[ ºDÝ'Ç,Þ'Ùp3àß'á1ÎDâ'ã$®äD v6å'Á R ¥ýmæ P v6@'A R ç?[è lé?êêlFxà®,ë'Jì 8í>îR gmïÖ'ð,ñJ%°!²[Ûm>¡ BGO z0JòPñ,óÙpï¥ BGO

J b½%¡¡Ó'Ò0_ P vÃ"Ä0ô0õ>J'ö÷5¡>¡Öñ5 R6î ým3æ P óBb½ R >è ?l[DÉ,vH0i0j âmãJPÉD¡Gó6ø¤¹ í ¡Ö 3.19 Ùù'z[úûüó78æ P ,ýr 5þ'+ÿmxB[Ï0Ð vHí>È¡ÖÍ XG[%¥ PoGOLite ß>ê5àGýá w(yxhJZF'Fº[É LiCAF(Eu) v ´?ê­£ó R3î Ï ¡,¡Ö

53

40 mm 40 mmLiCAF (Eu) : 5 mm

LiCAF (Ce) : 26 mm

190 mm

Top BGO CrystalNeutron

Scintillator Bottom BGO Crystal

BGO

PMT Assembly

BGO LiCAF (Eu) LiCAF (Ce)

32 mm

3.19: BGO z,¥ LiCAF(Eu/Ce) z,ú'û [20] ó 3æ P ýH!T ,6Ï"Ð ÖÎêGÿñÏ

Ð['zC¥ BGO zkó LiCAF z"JÃ0Ä'ôõ¢v9»¦ò,é,¨?¡Ö

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Pu

lse

he

igh

t (A

rbitra

ry)

Time (1 clock = 160 ns)

LiCAF (Eu 2%)

BGO

3.20: BGO ó LiCAF(Eu) ý 3 %*Þ$ý

ºÃ0Ä (FADC Board [%ªk-H¬,ý'ªãÅ )[20]

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Pu

lse

he

igh

t (A

rbitra

ry)

Time (1 clock = 26.7 ns)

LiCAF (Ce 2%)

BGO

3.21: BGO ó LiCAF(Ce) ý 98 ,*Þ$ý

ºÃ0Ä (FADC Board [%ªk-H¬,ý'ªãÅ )[20]

3.3.3 8æ P ,ýr 5[üZ 5"!#ê­ (DAQ) J%$ò'&['FÃ0Ä'ôõGÙ,pP)(*&,+8æ P-. [üZ 0/ 12!3#04,¡>ñ>ó6J57698ñ í: [3;ê<=ZF PDC Ì>?0@%AJB?0 :í?î ? Discri

Module J0C3D%E?4¡ñ,óéJGF"¡$Ö RIHR +æ P ;ýJK3 L/ DAQ 1 FADC Board ë'JNMO 4,¡ë0JZFNPZt?[½LQ1%RNS R &UT î F & : & Ö (1) V,QXWéL+8æ P ;,ýYJK 0/[ DAQ 1Z\[ Ù]3^È¡_`é05>¡óY7añ,óJ05Z¡Ö0+æ P ;ýJK3 L/ H: [bcF%d["þ3eÿgfó[3h ikj'KéB_`G&%l'ºmÙFN? : í,n 8+æ P [3o'p?ýXfrqk[0É1Ns3eG/4 ít j'Zu 8 DIO Board 1"v -ZR DoWrite bkcg1"_k` ó R &BÖ0 µR 8 8 J,w0ý8ã®NjBxyF¡ FADC

54

Board 1 1 zg'¡'g'¡ 1 Jw>ýã®,[,+8æ P ;,ýYJK 0/I?,Ùk4,¡>ñ>óI FADC Board éN|GÙ¯~%88Ò?Å êk> ê0é¯04¡D u3 y5¡8Öð"[0 u FADC Board ëy0+3æ P ;ý2JUK6 ,/?>[N@A³ód,[$þeÿLf3ó@AG10k6È¡pa6ÙI4>¡2_k`>é5'¡8Ö (2) ½,QWY +æ P ;>ýJK 0/I?,Ù ADC [%£ýN$ýkY'à q1YBL4¡I_`,é,5¡>ñ?ó"y,5?¡Ö% 2.23 Ù5?¡>pLa3Ù8BGO z (τ ∼ 300 ns) Fast ;,ýYJK 0/ (τ ∼ 2 ns) ó3 î iN qG¥0ék8 LiCAF(Eu)

τ ∼ 1600 ns óGÙ8¥LÖð"[" u . [ý%gý%20Ãq 37.5 MHz y3&7T98ðD[ 1/6 y5?¡ 6.25 MHz gNyB£ýN$ýkY'Ã q1»,XT_ `,é5?¡Ö3Q,g62+8æ g;,ýYJK 0/I?,Ù837.5 MHz y%!3# ADC q1 6 @?Ù 1 @?["É'aL4,¡Ö+8æ g;,ýYJK 0/ DAQ y PMT b c,éNZÅ í'íLt g n ë' bcG D»,312¡ahÖZñ% 0»

B?B¢Z 0/k 6.25 MHz Ù£3¤X¥ íL¦ Trigger Module ÜSó¨§ tí ¡Öñ'ñyNd' DþeÿgfhÍêUKDÿ;©B®«ª­¬31Y¡N8®f%¯01 °Å34,¡Ö d' Dþeÿgfy,ñ% f%¯3 DoWrite b c1 °Å34,¡Y¬3' ¦ u DIO Board ÜSó¨§ tí ¡Ö H %+8æ g;,ýYJK 0/k Z ± Ù]^¥8È¡¦ u Ù DIO Board

H7: DoWrite b cG_ ` ó î 3& , Byk8 [² FPGA ³yL+8æ g;,ýJK2´0/Ùµk¶f%¯ H7: +8æ g;,ýYJK2´0/ÙkQ, î · DoWrite b c12¸3¹GÙ,°º34¶Ö£ñ DoWrite ,+8æ g;,ýYJK2´0/k ¦ u DoWrite & ¦ u 8 DIO Board

H7: DoWrite óIõ» y5,¶Ö£ñLaB î +8æ g;,ýYJK2´0/ DoWrite Ùµ'62+8æ g;,ýYJK2´0/k ¼ ½,éNd' DþeÿfóI Z ± Ù¾¿X¥ í ¶ÀSñ% ¼ ½Gf%¯"éL°ºg¥ í ¶I¼ ½G 2.4 usec Á H7: 6.25 MHz y 50

clock (8 usec) ¾¿X¥ í ¶Àk¼ ½G B¢´0/ Â%´BÃÿgf¨ 3.6 ó¨ÄThGÅYy5,¶À7ÆI BÇ´ª GÆY NJ0w?ýÈÉ?é0+3æ';ý2JUK"´,/y,53¶ H 1"ÊË î í0tNÌ ÍNÎýYy3 3+3æG;>ý2JUK"´/2ÏÐé%ÑLÒ3y5,¶À ÓÔ ¦ @%A' ,ÕÖÿ%×N0é3 3.22 y5,¶À

Discri

DoWrite

SaveWF

Discri

SaveWF

DIO Board

DoWrite Trigger

ch7 Trigger

ch7 DoWrite

FADC Board

ch.7

ch.0

ch.6

other FADC Board

TriggerDoWrite

In neutron scintillator,FADC Board make DoWrite signal in this Board.

3.22: +8æ g;,ýYJK2´0/k ¦ u FPGA ÕÖÿ%×N

+8æ g;,ýYJK2´0/k SAS ØG FADC Board ó¨ÙGÚ' î 0¶À ch.0H7:

6 ÛNy'é SAS Øy5698 ch. 7 Ü3ÝkÞL+Iß g;àYJK2´0/y5,¶À<áf9â3Éá12ãLQ0ÚGÝ28 ch.0 ä ch.7 ÚºX8å %¼½X1Y!,#\ ¦æ Þ 3.23 y05¶%ÀçN ãQL %¼½ghgÅbcX1I0ºU ¦æ yL5¶kÞB8ch.0 ä3,è ch.7 × Öé%×%Þ 6.25 MHz ä 1/6 Úêë ¦ u ¼ ½ÞNìë i,í3ÚNî ¦ ËèN¾¿X¥Iïè3ë0¶0ç0ä"ÞN H ¶À

LiCAF(Eu) ä BGO ðñ ¼B½ HX: PDC Ø'ÚNòݶY¼½óô ( 3.5) äYCDhõ Ió ôg12¡\a

55

0 10 20 30 40 50

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

Ch 0

0 10 20 30 40 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch 1

0 10 20 30 40 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch 2

0 10 20 30 40 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch 3

0 10 20 30 40 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch 4

0 10 20 30 40 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch 5

0 10 20 30 40 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch 6

0 10 20 30 40 50

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

Ch 7

3.23: hGż ½1YºX ¦ö3÷ ch. ô¼ ½3j xG õ

çäy;0à2JUK"´/ôÚ¼½1"'ݶçäÞ yFk¶À ø,´\fù1"úë Fast äûë Slow ÚI'Ý"8 å ïü ï0 Lý´,× 1 FastPeak 8 SlowPeak ä4L¶Àç0aN2è%þ : ïL¶ ÿYßG;0à2JUK"´/% IãYáf Í=Þ 3.25 y,53¶IÀLÿYßBÚ 252Cf 8,¯àYÃÚ 137Cs 1I?ëè ë¶À 3 Iãáf3ÍN= HU: LiCAF . ä BGO . ãg gÚ H ïèë0¶Lç0ä2Þ ¥ï¶%À BGO ðñ3BiN qÞ%úë ¦ u FÞ¥ë0Õ Í0à2J0ÚLý´×Þ'Û698GÚêë LiCAF(Eu) ðñ3 FÞFë,ÕÍà2JÚ0ý´,×Þ'Ûï¶ÀGç2ïÕÍ,à2JÚ å Ëè';0à2JUK"´äYÚ'Ý"8VáfÍ%=ÚG ¦æ BÞ3 3.25 y5,¶À BGO y æ! °¥Iï ¦ b cG#"$7¥Iï8 LiCAF ÚµËè%ÿIß Þ&'(T °Yè3ë0¶0ç0ä"Þ 0y'FB¶À

56

3.24: BGO äÿIß g;àYJK2´) LiCAF(Eu) ,Õ3Í0àYJ0 [20]

3.25: BGO äÿIß g;àYJK2´) LiCAF(Eu) Î+*àf-,UK×;©%àáfÍ%= [20]

57

.4 / Astro-H HXI/SGD 0 BGO 1 23 4 5 6

4.1 798 :<;HXI/SGD yb c>=NÎ#?@BACYèGµED-Fë áUKBéHG©¨É«ªI2MJLK¶ ¦ u ÚM APD b c¢@N+OIÉQPN2ÉRkÚÙYè APD b c3Ô2ÙLK%À¢@NOIÉQPNYÉRkÚ)=NÎ#?NÔkoGéf-K'¶TSEU3ÎGà2â,É0á+VW>PNIÉ (FIR PNIÉ ) YXZK¶çLä[,\Iè,ëL¶À HXI/SGD

y,V3Q, APD bc'ÚY\U2èEIá f Í]^ þä`_ °"Øa0 VETO bcg°º Tb#cLÞd¶ ( 4.1) À VETO b c°ºLj xGHeë Þf0ë i,íVWBgLK FastVETO ähM j xGHi H ë ÞjYiíÞkkL¶ HitPattern ãLQ3ÞN¿l)K¶À

APD Signal

Trigger Module (Section:4.3)

Histogram (Section:4.4)

Filter 1

Filter 2

Filter 3

Discri

Discri

FastVETO(within 5 usec)

HitPattern(∼ 30 usec)

Histogram

4.1: APMU y VETO b cM>áfÍ]m3ÔgÕÖé%×NFIR PNIÉênoÞpgÝNï t pë)qgÆIMHrsLK¶,¼qt3ßYuJyQvB¶À ¦ ÜGIwxyz ÚY|KL¶B~d3¶ ¦# MZ@vk¶ å æ å æ UR ï3è òDM å 3ÿ æH ¶H# F@UÚ@ ¦ ëNÀ0Û ¦Y \ä ¶#LÖP#N2ÉQY ¼#t ß@Y ½¼Y½L M#k 2èë¶ ¦ M å ï)qGÆ`p#EIêno0Þ ùè æ d3¶@I½ uJKL¶çäÞÑ0Òd¶ÀµËè+M+J@¡¢L HXI/SGD

°YoLT£ 4.1 µL¤YÚênoÞ 8 ëR 16 Hy z¥¦ +§è,ëL¶%À FIR PNIÉ å t3ߨ+M%ênoR©@ªÿ+ æ « B¬L­ À­Û>Dêno#LÞ 8

B® 4 ¯±°YIênoÚkòݶP#N2ÉQ!²#LÞ æh³ ·Þd3¶ä"ë¤%çäd3¶À å æI³ ·Þd3¶²#'Ú0ý´,×B´0ÞHµ¶D·¶"Ûên ³¸ Ýï)® ëMT¹#º0Þ»,ºG¥Yïè°ºkð#¼Ú å P#N2ÉQ½¾LÞJïL¶ Ûêno#EY¿À@,×ÖLé× ETs ¦# ëä"ë3Ý ëäë>¤Nç0äIÚ ¶À HXI/SGD BGO ,×ÁNÕG ´%É«ªÂ APD Ã#ÄÞ+Åé%×ÍÆ3àªÇ¹º °L ¦Yö÷ M_ °2Ø)Å7é× ÍÆàgªÈ¹#ºLkƤkL"¬ÉKL¶#LÞd3¶ ¦# M ¶HÊf VETO ¹º °º> è ëkÀ­ÛD)ênoQ¡,íVWEHË¢LkÌ æ j ëÍLÞ(ëBÀ FIR PNIɲ æÎ PÏÆÐ#ÑÒTÓÔ¤ä+v+ÕÖ>×GÚQ èKØqÆÚÙ

58

pëTZ0ë è3ë0¶NÞ+M HXI/SGD RÛ oE ö3÷ ÚÜ­) FPGA 13 Q APD ¹º¥¦ è ÝHMd,ÛDÚHÞETßëLPNYÉEB²#QYà ëkÀ å á APMU FIRPNIÉR+TJlâã@äL¤YÚ ¶'äÚåÉYèÑ+ÒYè3ë0¶À

êno PNIÉRB²FastVETO 8 tap -1, 0, +1

HitPattern 16 tap −256 ∼ +255 æ£ 4.1: HXI/SGD Z0ë0¶ FIR PNIÉR+Tçè

FastVETO éê)B¹ºÞ»ºRëIï,è 5 usec âQìkÚ Û ºK¶0ç0ä"ÞíÌëIï,è3ë0¶ÀTîïLðñò àóRôàB¼# 1 MHz ö ÷ Mkêno#LÞ 8 ) æ 4 usec Û ºQëYï¶äÂåÉë

ï'¶á M Û ºRkÎ]'ÍÚ è)Hîï@LHí,ß0ÒEõQá#KÀ HitPattern êno'Þ+pëá ö÷ ¼tßä¶0ç0ä"Þ%ÑLÒd,¶ÀçYïLÚ@äËè FastVETO PNIÉRTøävIï kË+á)=NÎ#?¹º"$LK¶Àùú) å æ å æ éLNOYÉEPN"ÉQÞûü ¹#º'Ú&¼LÞd>DMFLëá>ýNéYGQþÉ ÿ æ âÉá@ RÛ EvB¶#k+MÛ#áçTçèL FIR PNIÉRFë á±ýBéHGþ¨É ÿÂ@á¶ÏIÍ]@ ÔLEvB¶#k@¶ÀLkM'çYïÛ X y z é@N+OIÉQPNYÉEÞ FPGA Ú|>ëYïáLçäÞ MXÆT¼#R"Ù \äKï®Bë ë+kMÛá å ï)T¼#ÚT\Ì2èÆT@ )d%ï)®Bë ë+kä"ë¤çä æ ÛBܱ ï3è ë ëNÀP#N2ÉQ ²kênoæ

FPGA VETO ¹ºQ Û ¡,íU#kÌÉYè3ëNÞ+M7çYï,Þ FIR PNIÉRä#èÆT#ßÒ@ Ò)KkLB#LÞd "! å ï±T Î P±Ï!ÆÐ$#%&LèM%êno#E'ëMEP#N)(Q!²#ETÞM+*,EY -#t ß@YîJBÓ/.è å ï ü ï) 0 BÓ¤1 2

FPGA ¨ FIR PN(R îLMî3 ðñ 45 6 7Yè BGO ðñä APD ¹ºTZ0ëá,éRÏÚ'éó 2 8 9hî 0 î:QÓ ¤1 âã 4.3 ;@ VETO ¹ºQ RÛ &'<: 2 ò3ë èéNO(QPN(RÞFLá±ýBéHGþ( ÿ 2&¼'Þ)d+k>=¤ k? 2A@ ñ Qv +éNO)(RPN( 2 A 4.4 ;) FPGA - BB^3þM Î PÏ ÆÐ#+QäED ö÷ -tßB^C0ç0ä"Þ ÛD FIR PN(R 2E YèIá ÏhF]LP#N)(Q&¼<:K 4.6 ;LYîï+Zë ADC ÃÄ ADC128S102 äHGI îïGõóRô!LàóYZ,ëè FPGA ¨# FIR PN(Q# E IMIáÔÏh F] 2 òëèF0áýBéHGþ( ÿÞ J Ev+k@<:KA 4.2

K LNMPORQTSULVQWO

Ü+X 2 PN(RYYdYtÉE J Àü TMd[Z[\ &¼B¬L­+ï])^Y)_LK`+Ma ùú))PN)(bckdB\e@+¡f+$g ð K)h×¹#º +$ij¨MQPNH(/bclk tÉY - J ÀCcü TM@d[Z[\ m¼ncB¬L­+ï])^Ypo>YÚÉ qLKA PN(rb+s E 2 ä.t"u>vQv)w x 2 À/d^YH` ÛD A • F E PN(rb (Low Pass Filter : LPF)

• ß E PN(rb (High Pass Filter : HPF)

59

• E PN(rb (Band Pass Filter : BPF)

• zyPN(rb (Band reject Filter : BRF)

PNH(/b 2|p ~ ¹#ºCc à¤#PN)(bY ¹ºCc à ¤é)NOb)(EPNH(/bYd P#N)(/b | PNH(/bcH Yé/ ò +%#î#Lv[ =!k D A 2 à ¤^YH`EvBM ¥¦ EHFh KØ[ #á 0 Hz kÌUH-C$tH- 2 ½¾rc ¬)­á M AD gLY " >ô G (Aliasing)

| ò êÏK^Y`v RBkR Yé/ ò M)d"Z"+Ló ="] ð Ã+ÄE+Z.á+ªîKzYg`LM#í)K ¥#¦ ` ö÷ 2 $ ®+éLNOb(EP#N)(/bäz | AÔÏ `$uvQ ¢¡£¤Yî# ¥¦ |§ `.tRAE¤1 é¨"©b(zª ¨)(b«¢¬+­ ®]¯ ®° ¦ 2 =Lä¤ -# ±² ¯.t | î³Lv[ #é¨"©b(+¹#ºCc à ¤ +éêb ¥#¦ ´ À 2 )tµ+¶· ¸rc¹z^#ëÝA¡"ºÉ±Tá+éêb ¥#¦ `ÓL »¼CA Ï` AD g+½ LSI ¾¿ =Y ª ¨H(/b 2Àt |pÁ ßÂ[`"¡ ö÷@ -#± ² 2 .t |à ¾ h £¤¥ ¦ `$unÄEÅg ð ZrYHZ¤«¢`¯ á Â@¨AÆTá)ä)¤ 2 ô ÇÈ$ÔÏÈ -#â¨T -# E+é¨"©b(ª¨(rb"É ¥ Ä ZnY)Z>¤ËÊ#¢ | ¯A

HXI/SGD APD ÃÄE ÛA ¹#º 2 ? ª¨(/bY Y |2 ¡/Ì á[£¤¥ ¦Y£[¤ÍCFÎb#gÏc§+Э­[ 2Ñ ÒzcYøÓYHÔLá 2ÕÖ éz¨+©b(rª¨(CbcA¿ZA Ü+X/ éz¨+©b(/ª¨(rb+×AØÙ :A

2ÚÛ ÔA

4.2.1 ÜÓÝÓÞßáàãâäæåæçèêéáàãâäãåìë>íêîFIR ª ¨H(/b"ï ö#÷ðAñ -ò ± ² cHór^Y`®] ô¯TÜ+õ ¡söàZï ö÷ ô ? 2 ª ¨(Cbö$÷øncùûú 2 ïüZtZ ð Z+ sz^AôÝ FPGA ýô? 2 LPF cþ³ô/Äÿª¨(rbY HPF ô¯Cª¨(rb c¿Z t¨[©b(/ª¨(rb[ömCc s ö+Xð ÏYAsöò "!¡s$#t ñ -ò± ² c%'& 2$Ú Û Ô() ð ¹+¡Ï^ * ÿ+ª¨(rbY,Cª¨(rb[ö-. ð/0 ïAØÙ :A.2

2Û'1 tZ'(2)3+456$789':

(LPF)

ÿ;<zª¨,=bïHg[¸` >?#Z[ï[s$ö)g"¸` ð ¡1g[¸` ð d @ BAC ( ED b | ª¨=b[cGFÔ;H>Y gI ð Z)"J2KHt2L<MEF<Nrª"¨O=zbô¯( )QPA'Db[c x[n] (n = 0, 1, · · · ) ¡2A" '+Dbc y[n] Y<#p¡ª ¨R=/b"ö"S<TõUrcRVÔô¯( "c¿Z+(zYR 4.2 ö'JúW ð ¡rª¨ =rb[ö2STõU!ô¯+(õX!nc¿Z'(YÿEnª¨ =rb[ï"! 4.1 Y ð (2)^^ô z−1 ï 1 clock Db cBY 1 (YZ½ö^YHô M ï"YZ½öòncBVÔ)

Z-1x[n]

y[n]

Z-1

1M+1

Z-1

4.2: ÿEnª¨ =rb[ö ;60

y[n] =1

M + 1

M∑

m=0

x[n − m] (4.1)

^öõX!$[ ]\+^`_ ò H(ω) c2a?b(CY ñ'c ò± ² ï;! 4.2 Y ð (;) ð ¹ ¡Ï^ö>YÄω = 2πf ¡ T = 1/fs ¡ fs: dÏ;e?f$g ñc òô¯+(2)

|H(ω)| =1

M + 1

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

sin(

M+1

2ωT)

sin(

ωT2

)

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

(4.2)

^ö ñc ò± ² [ dnehfg ñc òCc 1 MHz Y#)tYZ½+ò M c)g#"` 4.3 ô¯(")LZ ñc òiEMkj$lnmEN#]oÔ*p ¡< YZ ½ò`qsr+(<W;t t2mNÔ(i<M`u/KtZ(^YH`;[("`[¡<viM |Bw $WïyôÄ ð Z)

0.01

0.1

1

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

RunningAverageFilter FrequencyResponce [fs=1MHz]

Tap=1Tap=2Tap=3Tap=4

4.3: <x ð ÿEnª¨ =rb[ö"YZ½ òncgsr+ö ñc ò± ² (fs = 1MHz)

yz 789':(HPF)

+Ϫ¨ =Cb+ï¯(<'Db|sö~s[HzöE'Db |ö2+ÏcAÔ() söb"¡ g¸`[k$/ï;A` 0 W 𠢡+g¸`[u>Ä"/ïA | u>Ähp ð () söb+Ϫ¨ =Cb+ïHPF | ð (")ÿ<rª¨G=/b2sW "h|n õX<!rc"%&ö< 4.4 ¡! 4.4 W Ú+Û Ô( )

Z-1

x[n]

y[n]

-1

Z-1

Z-1

4.4: Cª¨ =rb[ö ;61

y[n] = x[n] − x[n − M ] (4.3)

ö õXE![ \E^h_ ò H(ω) cRab(| ñc ò ± ² ï ! 4.4 | ð (") ; | ÿE<kW"YZ½ ò M WöEÔs(2) ñc ò± ² ïE 4.5 | ð (2)+E ö"YZ½ òô¯KAt | 0 Hzñ ïj"FN*# ð YZ½ òs;p ð K*pB(k|iMnª¨ =hW2*pB(2)

|H(ω)| = 2

∣

∣

∣

∣

sinMωT

2

∣

∣

∣

∣

(4.4)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

DifferenceFilter FrequencyResponce [fs=1MHz]

Tap=1Tap=2Tap=3Tap=4

4.5: Cª¨ =h[ö"YZ½ ò sr+ ñc ò± ² (fs = 1MHz)

4.3 ¢¡£¥¤§¦

Trigger ¨ª©« ¬­ ÇD=¯®,W+¹'°( APMU ö2±ÏÄ ð² Á |E# BGO ³´' APD µE¶ô;·hs#22¸¹ ö2ST+º VETO ¸ ¹ AA`|»"¼½Og¾¿$óÀÁ+(2) VETO ¸ ¹ ï 4.1 ÂôÃ'sJúW

FastVETO ¸ ¹ | HitPattern ¸ ¹ öÄÅEÆ+Á ÇȺ FastVETO ï É·kBÊË;ÌhÍ?½ÎBSETÏ(Ð ô+W"A # ð pï ð?Hð ö[ô 5 usec %kÑ;W2A?# ð pï ð?Hð ;) HitPattern ï 30 usecÐ ôÒ+ÓE[[K$Ô2ö+ô FastVETO ôÕr ð [K'Ö;ËE×W"Ø`ÔÙ(Ejhlö2Ú'Û ðÜ g¾+ÝÍh®Þ¸ ¹ Ô]·kÏ(JúRW;Ï(") ôï;¬¼ß½áà=¼¸ ¹ WÿE<?âE­B=$EGF#Oº;L¼`ã<2ä å,=¯®1ô$Ô VETO ¸ ¹ W"æsÁ+(;[s çè+Ïs(2)

VETO ¸ ¹ ö+AW _ Ïs("çèï<¬¼½éà=¼;¸ ¹ A #2êº Trigger Module 'ë ö2¸¹ Wì# VETO ¸ ¹ Aôkí<(;[s¼`ã<2ä å,=¯®Osr ð ·î+Ïs(2);¬¼½éà=¼Wï2¸ ¹ AhC Ù(k|;í;WEÒW½fGï¸ ¹ ÔAÏs(ö+ôº FADC Board AÏs(*½fGï|R¬¼½éà=¼ö½fGïö AND )ó?( |Hô FADC Board ¬¼½éà=¼ö2¸ ¹ STôkí2([;s(") ö$|í"¬¼ð½áà=+¼ö2A"òkW"ñ+Ï( AND ôö<òsÝÍ?½ òzöókB·$Ræôõ|]Ï(2)¬¼½éà=¼ö2¸ ¹ BösÕr<Ù @ ·hæô/ï 100 % | ð (2)

62

VETO ¸ ¹ ö2A;æEôö"÷øzï;¬¼ß½áà=¼ ùEçè$)ùúú)ûÖË<×ûãÌE= 10 mV j$lôÁ+(Ebº¬¼½éà=¼ö c vüï 5 ýXö 50 mV W ð ('JúWEþ*#2) öh|;í"ö cÿ 4.6 W 1 (2)

2080

2090

2100

2110

2120

2130

2140

2150

2160

2170

2180

2190

0 200 400 600 800 1000

AD

C

time [1unit=427ns]

No Filter Waveform (PreAmpOut)

2100 2110 2120 2130 2140 2150 2160 2170 2180 2190

250 255 260 265 270

4.6: VETO ¸ ¹ 2A;æôzö"÷øôù+(¬¼ß½Þà=+¼ cEÿ (Trise = 0.5usec, Tfall = 50usec º'ef « Í;e 580K AEº fs = 2.35MHz)

VETO ¸ ¹ Akùêúbºôï « gPA+ÁûÇéºh­ =EPAEºhA+ ðFADC Board ù+2) ö « gRPA+Wekf « Í2eB¸ ¹ RPÙº VETO ¸ ¹ "­B=s AC 1 (2);¸ ¹ ö2ST ùêúbö +ï BGO ³´ cÿ STÏs(/úRr ô ð Á+( 2

MHz d Í;e?fÍg ñc òô"ùhK;) FPGA ô*#2 VETO ¸ ¹ Aöbö Trigger Module

; 4.7 W ð ; |E# 1 (2)

Filter

37.5 MHz

2.3 MHzFastVETO

HitPatternDiscri

Discri

Trigger Module

ADC_DATA

clock2.3 MHz

4.7: VETO ¸ ¹ Aæô/öçèsW '°( Trigger Module ö"ös ö¬¼ð½áà=+¼ïkJë BGO äÍ `ãRDäkå"Í"!? APD µ<¶ô$#k°óÇéºEehf « Íe 580K

ôST CBÙ+;êö c<ÿ W&%'sÔ'<W)(I 1 E+()"*ýûÇ+* &`Ç|Ô2W&,o[-b 37.5 MHz

';d`Íe f;Í<g. c/ 2 MHzÐ10 Ó2E+() ' cÿ 'D Trigger Module ' Discri

Ê 0 YZûC 1 34¸ ¹ |,YZ¸ ¹ '"?65?(2) '"D' 0 ¼`ã<2ä å,=¯®87ø?&9;:)t Ð ÇÎ 4.8 ''J: -+e $< ¼ 0 ¼ûã;"ä?ån= ®=7øÏ(")E$ 5h( | 0?> â < k½ @A 0íRº¼ûã;ähå= ®B7ø'9';oÏ*pC-+K"+(") ')7øke < ¼Dÿ<?âE­B=$FEßÇHG`#

63

I W I F 0 Á+(2)

3 clk

Data

IntData3

Sub = Data - IntData3 > Th => Trig = ’1’ idle trig

TrigInt

Trig

State

2 clk

2 clk=> Output

reset idlejudge

0 1 2 3 4 5

4.8: 4.7 ' Discri Ê$W '°( Trigger Module ¼`ã<2ä å,=¯®87øhe < ¼ 4.8 '$JD'1'"?BVÏ)2D'¼`ã<2ä å,=¯®O"ýK'(k|;í Trig ’1’ |&-(") ' Trig ’1’ W?-;Ù @L 'e < ¼M íRºR<øN'õ½2f]ïE2AÏ(") ' OD< 4.4

|P'"?â­ =hW-K*ÇȺ 'h|;í'. c/QR DE 4.90 cÿ DE 4.10 |&-(2)<

P'S(PDE 4.6 ' cÿ [ 3 t;YZûC 1 <D' 0 Á;Ù @ 0 Á+(Eb2YZT / D 3 |E#2)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

DifferenceFIlter FrequencyResponce [fs=2.34MHz, Tap=3]

4.9: ?â­ =h (Tap=3) . c/QR 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 200 400 600 800 1000

AD

C

time [1unit=427ns]

Difference [Tap=3] Waveform (PreAmpOut)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

250 255 260 265 270

4.10: ?â­ =hBF*#2 cÿ

Uº ' hâ­R=$'H1VWÿ<hâ­B=kE&WXk#R$ÿ<hâ­B=k EGO' æE?')"ÿ<?â­=$D 0 º<v. c ÖË<× Ysr+( |G 0 í(") 'ÿ<?â­=hs|,?â­=hWsJ(). c/QR DE 4.11

0 ÁûÇéºsë'h|;í' cÿ DE 4.13 |&-(2)sâ­=6EÇÎ ' cÿ 0 ¼`ã<2ä å,=¯®87ø?&9;:ú)

64

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Inte

nsity

Frequency [kHz]

RunningAverage and Difference Filter -Frequency Responce-

RunningAverage M=4Difference Delay=3

Total

4.11: + Z[\ ]?âE­B=$F. c?/QR ( ^ : Z[\ ]hâ­B=kȺ_ : `ahâE­B=$éº$b : Z[\1]|c`a?â­ =h1'(d )

2090

2100

2110

2120

2130

2140

2150

2160

2170

2180

0 200 400 600 800 1000

AD

C

time [1unit=427ns]

RunningAverage [Tap=3] Waveform (PreAmpOut)

2100

2110

2120

2130

2140

2150

2160

2170

2180

250 255 260 265 270

e4.12:

e4.11 '^f?â­ =hBFhgi cÿ

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 200 400 600 800 1000

AD

C

time [1unit=427ns]

RunningAverage [Tap=3] > Difference [Tap=3] Waveform (PreAmpOut)

0 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

250 255 260 265 270

e4.13:

e4.11 'bf?â­ =hBFhgi cÿ

VETO ¸ ¹kj Aæô )lmOn?ib' <po ½ «Po e e e 4.140 Ánq

PulserBerkeley DB-2

PreAmpCP 580K

FADC Board

ClockN-TM 203

DelayN-TM 307

Trig Out

Pulse

Output

Bias

Test 40V

PD

VisualScalerN-TK 215T

ANDLRS Model466

pass filter

no filter

e4.14: ¬¼½éà=¼s"ù'i VETO ¸ ¹ ' j Aæô÷ø <po ½ «Po e

65

' FADC Board W'Cíj$l&' e 4.6 'J: - cEÿ BP+AkgOº FADC Board ' Trigger Module

'<¼`ã o ä å,=¯®O SpaceCube0 rhg j Aæô ÷øsgiq$Z[\?] â­ =hÖ;ËE×W"æt +Án u(ºsâ­B=k Gvg"WómLE¼ ã o ä$å= ® 0 Ô]· j æEôPD vsD 0 Ánqù+n

¬¼ß½áà=+¼D Berkeley Nucleonics w Model DB-20 º j A'W+¾+Í1x2¿[1yøsÓ z ( f2Dõ½ ) 'j A+[s6|mOn?ib Ð D fDõ½ j A 0 lmiq Ü o$ g¾ÝÍ ®cD ∼

/kHz XSõ|"~ø C Ù

n?ibº a`|'ÇF'Án 500 Hz | Ü o gg¾ÝÍ ®áXS 0 Án 10 kHz '"Ät 0 lmiq

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Det

ectio

n R

ate

[%]

Threshold

Low-Rate (500 Hz) Repeat Pulse

No FilterPass Filter

e4.15: 500 Hz f;Dð½W°n¼ã o ä å,=®Osriu(P' j Aæô

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Det

ectio

n R

ate

[%]

Threshold

Hi-Rate (10 kHz) Repeat Pulse

No FilterPass Filter

e4.16: 10 kHz f;Dð½W?s°n¼ã o ä å,=®Osriu(P' j Aæô

e4.15 | e 4.16

Ð0 f$D½c'. c/ 500 Hz | 10 kHz W2rhgih|;í' VETO ¸ ¹kjA;æô 0 º<EÙ$Ô_'Z[\ ]?â­=k EßÇéº ^â­=$ Gvg 0 Ánq?¼ûã o ä?ån= ®0 s VETO ¸ ¹kj Aæô BVhgnq f$D½cD2¸ ¹ Ó?z yEøO-' 0 o ®];ËE¿'ÓW"¸ ¹ $n |G-Eqë?'iEbº¼ûã o ä$å= ® 0 ÁÙ j æô' 100 % d+ÏnD 0 Ánq e 4.15 | e 4.16 &nk|BEÙ'à¼. / 0 Ô"¼ ã o ä?å ® 30 80 S 0 Á;Ùâ­&h1'EGP j æEôD 100% 6d 0 í2nq;¼`ã o ä?寮O6g¬¼½éà¼'ükÇ2Ô-nP VETO ¸ ¹j -v-nq e &nP"Z[\?] â­)6EP'U ¼`ã o ä åc¯® 0 VETO ¸ ¹j$ Ù-v-n ºP ÙDZ[\?] â­)h1¡c ÿ - Ð n i?¢$£ C-¤ g Ð ¤ np 0 Ánqpg6g <¼ûã o ähå¥ ® 0 DÖË<× â­6k' æ t 1¤"$¦§Ïn i ¢â­ $ EßÇ')U j æEô qÖË<×ØûÔÙOn:6-Ú'Û-¸ ¹ 65 Ç j Ï p¨© 'i¢º ­ )$â­)h1DEª-2æ t Ánq« ¬¬¼½éà¼s 10 kHz '¾'Í x¿ j$ 2­¬;÷ø$&9k¤i$q ';í' j$ æô e4.17

0 Ánq

66

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Det

ectio

n R

ate

[%]

Threshold

Hi-Rate (10 kHz) Random Pulse

No FilterPass Filter

e4.17: Z[\?] (Tap=3) â­)®6EGsg 0 '¾'Í x¿à¼ j$ æô

¾Í1x2¿à¯£ 0 DZ[\ ]hâ­6P®'EGO1¤¬ ¼ûã o ähå° ® 0 ' æ t ±² ³Ù- ¤i$qP BÙDZ?[\ ]P' æ t º ´<Ã'ÏnâE­6®n o ®C®Ë<¿' æ tµ?¶p Ùii?¢F·­pÎÙnqë?'i ¢¸kâE­6® 0 Án&Z[\1]?â­ ®)¹º'&S-âE­6®?»ùn 0 ¼ã o ä åc ®F»&d 0 ín6·­GÙPn$q Ð i¾Í?x¿¡p¼£ð½ 0 Dd 0 í1ij æô 100 % ?-k - 'D o ®C®Ë¿½ ¾O' ¸ ¹¿ ¤¬íi?i?¢2¸ ¹ » À?Á 0 í$-1¤i1Â?·­pÎÙn)q'ë 0$à e© &Ä « ¸ ¹ » ÅßÇéºsëÙ1¤¬ j æô kÆ : -n»B·îÏn6Ä « à+¼;çèO»69º o ®Ç®Ë<¿ pÆ 'ÂÈ1F?»&lmi$q $'í$' <o ½ «o)É e4.18 &-nq

ClockGenerator

DelayGate

LogicFanin/Fanout

LevelAdapter Pulser

NIM

NIM

NIM

NIMNIM TTL

NIMOut

N-TM 203 N-TM 307 N-TM 102 N-TS 221 Berkeley DB-2

Delay 1

Delay 2

Clock1 kHz OR

EXTTRG

ExternalTrigger

Delay1 Delay2

Time Lag

e4.18: Ä « à¼Ò'2· j æô'2÷ø <po ½ «Po$É

¬¼ß½áà+¼DÊ ¿ ¤¬síiõ½$¼]ï (EXT ½$¼Oï ) »)Ë2à+¼» j Ïn&Ì Án i¢;º EXT ½1¼RïÄ « ¸ ¹ » ¿ ÏÙÄ « ༠j ÙOn$q)Ä « ¸ ¹ '$ÅdD NIM ÍÎ £' Oo Ï1Ð ã6£® N-TM203 º ­kãRË?Ñ£½ N-TM307 »"ùnq Oo ¸ ¹

67

» ÒÓP')S( $Ô -nBÄÕ' ­sãGË1Ñ£õ½)ÖvgOºë ' j ¸ ¹ » OR Ïn 0 Ä « ¸ ¹ » ×d'Ïnq Ù1¤¬×dsgi2¸ ¹ » EXT ½¼Gïk?g]ºÁ)D e 4.14 Ø$ÙP VETO ¸ ¹kj$ æôk» ÚO¢nqÄ « ¸ ¹ 'EÓ1z Û C-Ù o ®C®Ë<¿Ñ"¸ ¹ n & -ûÇéº OD ÄÕkí¬n?D1'2¸ ¹ yÕ?g&1ÜÝ Ù-i¢ j$ æôD 50 % &-n?D1 0 ÁnqP '2³ t »e

4.19 $Þ?Ïnq

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Det

ectio

n R

ate

[%]

DoublePulse TimeLag [us]

Double Pulser Test [Th=30,PulseHeight=50mV]

No FilterPass Filter

e4.19: Z[\?] (Tap=3) â­)®6EGsg 0 'Ä « à¼;· j æô

$' e p o ®C®Ë<¿D)Z[\ ]?âE­6®FEßÇ 5.2 usec ºâE­6® Gg 3.6 usec ß Æ 0 Án$qp 1'KàD PoGOLite 'K1àp»)áùvg¬ni¢ â-ãF-n º)äkêD¯ûÍ É ¼;Í å. / »6æaP' 1 MHz ç;?g&¬$Ô 2.4 usec »6dsg&¬nq$¹è' ·é 0 D 3.6 usec »Ë$êë Ïnq?Z[\?] âì)®6EÇFD e 4.13 ' ÿ can:&*OºÇF<Ò+Ó nq?*OºÇ<Ò+Ó n 0 `a £® ¼`ã o ä åcîíC»ºKÇ «kï n?i¢ e 4.8 ' Trig

*kð «ï n )-`Çéºñ t ?g&¬ Trigger Module ' reset ¼ò£½ ã-¤$¬kg Ð :°q ÙkÇ o íC®Ë¿ â ì ®FGvgóm¬$ãóC-n)qâ ì P® EßÇcGg 0 D o íÇ®Ë<¿ 2 usec ßÆô : ºp BÙD+âì&® Gvg)' ÿ (e

4.10) 2âì&®FEßÇ' ÿ (e

4.13) p]¼ûã o ähåíC»ºKn £®6õP' / "ê ë 0 í nq $' o íC®Ë¿» ù?¬ e 4.17 ';¼ûã o ähå¥í 20 - 80 1 ï n j æEô 1öO÷ Æ :

»)lmOnqhâì)®6EPD<¼`ã o ä åcîí 20 - 800ø 95.2 % ºhâì)®6GsgD 96.7 % ' j$

æôk» dvgOº Ð i)Ä « à¼D+âì ® EßÇ 5.2 usec ºâì ® Gvg 3.6 usec » dvg ¬nq ? 0ù ðÒÓaú ûüý ÍCaúþk¤¬nO]Ïnq ûüý Í"ÿPD¹è'&ÿ 4.5

0 Ï j nq

f(t) = Nλexp(−λt) (4.5)

N Dà¼'ð½¼Rï / 0 λ Dà'ÒÓ\] 0 Án$qÁn"÷+ø 0 D N=134634 λ=10632

c/sec0 Á¤1iq 0 âì)®6Gsg'Ä « à 0 Án 3.6 usec »"ùnqÿ 4.5 Á

n"à j$ Ù?¾P'à 0 - 3.6 usecÐ0 j$ ÙOn / D¹è'ÿ 4.6 &-nq

68

∫ 3.6×10−6

0

f(t)dt = 5055 (4.6)

Ù» VETO j æ+ôsÏPn 3.75 % -Ç$âì)k®&Ghg' j æô 96.7 % Ç( ¬Oë 100 %0 n Fp öO÷ 0 nO ÙnqØÙOZ?[\ ]?â?ì6® EðÇ 0 ÔCÚO¢

nP 0 - 5.2 usecÐ0 ¾P'à n / D 7241 0 j$ æôÏnP 5.38 %

0 Ç Ù?Ô öP÷ 0 nqe

4.17 ì ®)$âì)®»"ùn 0 Ö;ËE×»&§O-vg `ã o ä åcîíC»6d0 í1nqP 0 ùi ì®&âì6P®D¸kâ?ì6® 0 n i?¢Ù Ç-.? /QR »F5n j Pn HitPattern PDÇ ã o ä?åíÇ» d 0 í1nO,ì ù0 í1nq Ð i e 4.19 Ç"!ó"# j Ïn?i¢D o í®;Ë$ &% ï Ù' 0 ÒÓT / '§O- FastVETO D /!ó"p»'# j 0 í nP ·­ÂOÙOnq

4.4(*),+

FIR -/.1032*46587HXI/SGD 9 4.1 :&;mi=<& FastVETO

5 usec ¹?>' HitPattern

30 usec ¹?>1 j g@vǬ9@pA@1qBC BGO DFE'GIH6£DKJEMLp» APD NOF:P ïQSR É ¼ ü E É : j$T nUV?9XWYZ &[ º R 1 usec [ è R 5 - 50 usec ß Æ @n=<&\] T ¬

nqk &^p»&ÀÁ=_n?< ­:^¯`E É ¼&E1å'aZb9 1 MHz T cde@dfgXhjik»6k:blXmnFo¢& ADC ^¯`E É ¼&E1å'aZ?9´;=_Fm ADC ^Xprq&st·uIv&¬ 0.94 MHz w YIvo&nx ß Æy :9zOìX®|ì)k®Ov)¬j~`|ì)k®Od|ì)k®»o p T |ì)k®9ÒÓ?^Z^aZ ±²=_emo¢b@&aZp»ÅKm e @

jne^o¢ºF:^ APD ±²e@ Æ I&¬aZk»'h°±² m & v)jn : HXI/SGD :9 R e@aZk»AÕ :blXm FIR |ì)®»m )bvo&n 4.20

FIR |ì)®j^eq&s: mn1 MHz ¯`E É ¼&E1åX^ FastVETO ; HitPattern ?^Ú T oXW1¹?>1 $ _mo¢ FIR |ì)®j9 TF&T 8 16 b^ÒÓZ;'@m=<&\]_Fmn y o|ì)® ZrtMBCe^ FPGA ^ j¡k»£¢b¤ev¥ -1, 0, +1 −256 ∼ +255 ^¦Z³¨§Y AT ¬mnv6v T A9©jªe^ FIR |?ì6®?»'mb<F­X:9«b¬j<6Z §F@? ( ­b^'®:9)Ò?ÓZ¯t 100 »A°O­mFvb|ì)® Z¯t 220 ¹º^±²k»AÕ ) n y o ä³=_FmaZrt R´µ¶ »6ç;·_o¢9o¡ LPF » T=¸ p6`< ï :9@jn Æ ^aZk»6Ö ¸^ »¹ºem» mn : :9ÒÓZ`|ì)® Z±²k»&±­oPjm FIR |ì)®j^¼½;¥ ü¾åA¿À¦À ü E É » ¨)©?Á vo à ^a¿Ze^&ä³k»AÃ=Ä?º^)ÒÓZ Á Z±²Åcd: mÆj¹º=o&n

4.4.1 FIR ÇÉÈFÊÌËFIR |ìÍÎj^Ïe@ê ë 9ÐÑ :A.4 ^ FIR Filter ÒÓ¯v'ÔÄmn

69

FIR |ìÍÎX9~`|ìÍKÎÕdK|ìÍÎ&:9 vÄÂÖ^&a¿Z`× Q m=Ø Á Å m|ìÍÎ: mn FIR |ìÍÎj^eq&s=× 4.20 ÒÙ mn hm 9 FIR |ìÍÎjÒXÚï m|ìÍÎ ZF: mnZ-1x[n]

y[n]

h0 h1 hM

Z-1

h2

Z-1

4.20: FIR |ìÍÎj^eq&sØ^=Û<£Ò~X|ìAÍbÎ ÁÜ ÔÄm&Å&ÝÞßzàÎÒ|?ìAÍ?Î Z Á Ä<"áF×£¢FâXÔ&ã¯v ÔÄmnFØ^ ZK×Aäå_mØ Á :]jæg@Ft^j: T¸ ÄÆ@m'a¿Zçèrt¥éB=:elmnØ&^dêëì?9ì 4.7

Á @ Rí a¿Zb9ì 4.8Á @mn

y[n] =

M∑

m=0

hmx[n − m] (4.7)

|H(ω)| =

√

√

√

√

(

M∑

m=0

hmcos(mωT )

)2

+

(

M∑

m=0

hmsin(mωT )

)2

(4.8)

ØØ: T = 2π/ωs :îmnØ&^ìFÆrïd=Æ=mÛ=<'Ò í ÞßZ Á T ÒFÛjm|ðÍÎ Z× wñ mØ Á :a¿Z=Å w Y_Fmn

4.4.2 BPF ò FIR ÇóÈFÊÌËõôõö¯÷FIR |ðAÍbÎ9^|ðAÍ?Î ZK×Aäå_=mØ Á ÒÛ Rí ]jøæg: í ÆXù&ÞßZÅúd:îT=¸ ÄÆ@ma¿ZrtûBF:blXmnØØ:9|ðÍÎj^üý?þ@ÿ=:îm BPF ×AûB=_Fmn þ@ BPF 9^bÛF<'@&a¿ZK×'=ùn@Ú í G(ω) 9?ÒbâFm|ðÍKÎX^a¿Z Á Y IvAÔÄmn^o ñ Z H(ω)

Á Öb¤jÅ í H(ω) 9|ð£Í?ÎÅîÔ í |ðÍÎ Z í Þß=Ærï ñ o Á v'Ô^a¿Z Á v'ÔIv'ÔÄmn

G(ω) =

0 |ω| < ωcL

1 ωcL < |ω| < ωcH

0 ωcH < |ω| < ωs/2

(4.9)

Ø&^ Á l|ð'ÍÎ Z?9ì 4.10 × boj_n gn 9!#"$b^Þß=Å&%C_Fm'b^ ^|ðAÍÎ Z Á _Fmn`Ø&^ Á l^a¿ZK× 4.21 Ò'=_n |ðÍÎj9!#"$b^ÞßZFÅ»jÅ í ØØ':9&( L $:ÞßZ×) *+ÔÄmn^o ñ ÞßZb9 2L+1 :îmnÞßZ:,*-jo í é/.Ò&Äm|ðÍÎ Z× hn

Á _Fmn

70

gn =1

ωs

∫ ωs/2

−ωs/2

G(ω)exp(inωT )dω

=1

nπ

sin

(

2nπωcH

ωs

)

− sin

(

2nπωcL

ωs

)

(4.10)

n = −∞, · · · ,−1, 0, 1, · · · , +∞

hn = gn (|n| < L) (4.11)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

FIR Filter -BPF(100-300 kHz)- FrequencyResponce [fs=1.17MHz]

Tap=8Tap=512

Ideal

4.21: FIR BPF( 021çè 100-300 kHz) Þßb^Z×'äFâo Á l^a¿Z (fs = 1.17MHz)

4.4.3 FIR ÇÉÈFÊÌË436587:9 ;=<>9@?BAC l)D+E^ 4.4 :9 HXI/SGD :^W&F?ÒbÛXm -G ÆIïÞßZ× w YIvoXÅ í ÞßZÅ?Ø&^ZF:&cd=Æ-E<·ÆF×¹ºem»FÅîmn?@H@ï FIR |ðÍÎj9ÞßZ Á |ðÍÎ Z^±²eÒÛÔa¿ZÅ w Y_=mÆ`ï:îmnÞßZ=ÅJI=@Ä Á T 2K|ð£Í?Î Z`tLI@NM@ RíNO G ²=Å&!PM@mnb|ðÍÎ Z¯tQj|SRUT)V W^ double X?^FÛ=<'ÒY2Zrt\[Fâm^@ï ¸ e@a¿Z=Å&æ=gXÅ í ±1, 0 v'Æ&[Fâ@Ä Á Æ@ R "Y C T mn=Ø:-E^ë²b^ÞßZ í |ðAÍ?Î Z±²# Á^]_ _=mAa¿Z?×£éB=:elmX^jÆ Á ÄK<&Ø Á ×'¹ºon`a¹ºo FIR |ð'ÍbÎ9ì 4.12 :ý C T m 100-300 kHz 01b^ BPF :îmn BPF ^|ð'Í?Î Z9ì 4.10 ÒFÛ Ôj]øFÅ&æ=g:îmn

G(ω) =

0 0 < 100

1 100 < |ω| < 300

0 300 < |ω| < fs/2

(4.12)

unit : kHz

71

bcd2egf)h#i2j2klmne op/f q r

4.22 9 FIR Band Pass Filter(BPF)[100-300kHz] ^ÞßZ?^seÄÒFÛjma¿ZteqR":îmn2u`E&t+v&Ew'a¿Z?9 1.17 MHz :F|ðÍÎj^ Z?9 222 ^i y : Q mØ Á Å mnØ&^ 4.22 × xm)" R :9ÞßZ 4 Á î y R ]2_ C T ma¿ZK×AûBõv'Ô@M T @ÄÅ&ÞßZ 8 y9ÞßZZFÅägzÔ?t\|`lM"ä2Iv@ÄbØ Á Åd=Æ=mn

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

FIR Filter Frequency Response -BPF 100-300 kHz- (coefficient type = Decimal)

Tap 4Tap 8

Tap 16Tap 32

4.22: FIR BPF( ~21çè 100-300kHz) ^ÞßZ×'äFâob^a¿ZØ&^FØ Á ×Û R ϯv/M_Fmo ñ Ò2K×Äo&n þ@a¿Zb9ì 4.12 :îRí Ýa¿Z=:^ 2õÁ ]jøi:^iF^ ( ) ×U Iv¥ã¯v¥zoZi?×£ÞßZ bÒtqR"_bmn Ò+K TF¸ ÛÄ^:ÞßZZeÅ&bâ Te¸ ^?9>M£@ÔÄSM£9):=îmnØ T ×teqR'vogw2|&Å 4.23 :îmn

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1 10 100 1000

resi

dual

sum

of s

quar

e

Tap Number

FIR BPF LeastSquare by changing Tap Number [BPF 100-300kHz / fs=1170kHz]

"least_square.txt"

4.23: FIR BPF ÞßZ?^seÄÒFÛjm,22

72

ÅÞßZ=:J ÅJb^ 2:îmnÞßZÅFâmXÒ&ù T ÔJ 2Å2XÅÔÄmØ Á Å?ÛM"d=Æ=mnXÞßZFÅ 6 Ærï 14y :92D2 ¸ Ä: 16 Ærï¨ûÅ R ñ í 20 Æï ÕÆÒ2IIv'ÔÄmnb 4.22 × xm)" R ÞßZ 8 ?t 100 - 300 kHz ^çè×~21 C mFÅx ï T mo ñ í ÞßZ`× 6

y XÔt Û/ &a¿ZFÅx ï T m Á z T mÅ í HXI/SGD g¡2¢K× IIv¥?o&Ô 8í Ú?Ûå?Ò#a¿£¤o ñ Ò 16

Á vo&n¥ e ¦2§j2klmne op/f q r

`²Þß£× 16 Ò ¨J©Iv í £¤±²K×'ä2 C =o Á l&¤ª¿£¤seÄ=×¹º=on £¤±² Á ¤£2«FÅ 2 ¤Y/&ý¬Ø Á Å2blXmÆ2&©õv'ÔÄmn ±1, 0 v'Æ ÁL­ Ĥ)î ­¸ -1,0,+1 ¤ 3 ù2ýgFm)¤ 22 = 4 ®Û#¯ ±²# 2 î-¯ í −8 ∼ +7 Kï ¸ 16 $#¤ £«ýgFm¤ 24 = 16 Æ僧² 4

Á mn 4.24 £¤±²×£ä=âo Á l¤ª¿ £îmn

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

FIR Filter Frequency Response -BPF 100-300 kHz- (DelayDevice = Tap 16)

DecimalIntegerMuliple

-1 -1 0 1 1 0 -1 -1 0

4.24: FIR BPF( ~21çè 100-300kHz) ¤ £±²K×'äFâo¤ª¿£Ý £°eÅ£# 220 = ±1048576

y ¤±²×'4± í)² Ŧ£# 28 = ±128í³ Å´2£#

±2ní ev'Ô2µ2¶·XÎÅ ±1, 0 ¤ Á ÔÄmnFØJ¤=× xm)"N¯ gÝ £?tL|`lä

x ï ­ XÄeÛAÒ z ­ mn©)xg¬=m Á ±²Å¸±m Á í2¹ ©¯vo 100 - 300 kHz º#¤çèbÒjÚKmJ» µ ·'Å 0 Ò ¸±XÒ-M¥ÄFÛAÒ âm&Å í ؤ,¼ Þß)£¤äetLx ï ­ o ¤ £K¤½¾ Á âÄjnj 4.23

¿ Ò £¤±²K× Ò¤,2K× Á mnX ­ Å 4.25 îmn

73

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

resi

dual

sum

of s

quar

e

measure of coefficient precision [2^]

FIR BPF LeastSquare by changing Coefficient Precision [BPF 100-300kHz / fs=1170kHz]

Tap 8Tap 16Tap 64

4.25: FIR BPF £±²/¤,sFÄÒ=ÛJÀ (

: ÁðAÍbÎ £±² 2n ¤ n

í Þß)£2Òt#ÂR Ã'ÔÄÀ )

¤ gÁð'ÍÎ £¤±² 2n ¤ n × ÒÄ4ÔÄÀÅgÆ Ç í ÞßÈ£/g¤seÄ=× xÀ Çñ í Þß2È £Å 8í

16í

64 ¤ É2Ê-Ë&tÌÂRãÔÄgÀÅFؤÍ×xÀ Á Ä) ­ ¤Þß2È £ËÏÎ £Ð2Ñ Å 26 = ±64 Ærï 2D2 Ò ÄîÀØ Á ÅÓ=ÆÀÅØJ¤FØ Á Ærï^Σ Ð2Ñ 2ÔÖÕFÄJZ £×× Ä2ØMÔËÛÄ Á z ­ ÀÅ ±1 Ò ÃAÔjÅ í Í 4.24 ×xÀ"-¯ÙÚàÛ¤ ]_ ¬À ªÜ £Ý2Þ ×Aû2ß@Ã'ÔÄÀ ÁÙ z ­ À Ç ñ í FPGA ¤à áâ2ãK×äeâÀågNË\Z£×äeâ`ï ­ ÀΣ/gîÀæê í ±1 ç O G Ñ Å&I#Äè/évJÂRêîÀÅëì#À,Σ/ê&I#íÇ ñ E ­î ¤Î£×'äFâÀ K&ª2Ü£ Ý2Þ ê&|-ïM"ä2ðSÃ'Ô+ÃJÆí í £ kHz Kª2Ü£ Ý2Þ ×¯ïL¬Øçí/ÇØçUêñ,ò#íÉÊê&óPM í ôõ ö ê÷øù 'Òú@Ã,íÅå×û#ÆâXÔ HXI/SGD Î)£ Ð Ñ ê ±1, 0

î−256 ∼ +255 ç&Ã,ÇÅÍ 4.25

î ïÏ2 ±1, 0

ç −256 ∼ +255 g Ð2Ñ ê&|-ïMýügÀ'æþ Þ êî2ÀÅ Ô¤2Ç ñ ØJ¤=ù¤s#í=×AÖÿNÃÇ×:/êîÀÅ

4.4.4 ò FIR !"BGO #%$'& APD (*)%+-,/.1032-465 fJmne78

Áð:9;-< î K>=@?1A\ÂB'CD9FEG<,ÀÇ ñIH )Æ %JLK-M ¤Uª&ÜJ£ON&Ó-çQP-R¤Uª&ÜJ£INÓ< õì í EL¤Uª&Ü&£jç&èS<LTU/ÆÇ&\~12¬À î <WV ñ ÀW-êî)ÀUÅÏÔ&¤&Ç ñIHYXIZ <\[-]4ÃUJí*JLK^MPIRNç 241Am P@R/¤Ü@_`<ÏÄba4à í Ô¤ÜI_/<\cOdÁ-evfhg-i (Discrete FourierTransform:DFT)H î KO=ªÜ2£%NÓj< Ä'a6ÃÇ&Å DFT ¤-køì+ì 4.13 ªÜ2£%NÓì 4.14 Il4ñï ÀJÅx[n] >c*dSm6n-o¤bm%n@PpR#îN¯ í G[k] Ô2¤ÁbeØvqf@g*i#ªÜ2£%NÓj<Aý/¬Å N Üp_+¤è'e%;Yr)£îÀÅ BGO+APD ¤%J-KIM-NÓ@ç 241Am PbRpNÓ#¤,ªÜ £pNÓ`<JÍ 4.26

HLs ÀÅ

74

G[k] =

N−1∑

n=0

x[n] exp

(−i2nk

N

)

k = 0, 1, · · · , N − 1

(4.13)

∣

∣G[k]∣

∣ =

√

Re G[k]2+ Im G[k]2

(4.14)

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

0 100 200 300 400 500Frequency [kHz]

BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg) -> HICPreAmp+ADC128S102 Noise vs Signal(241Am) Spectral Density

NoiseSignal

Í 4.26: BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg) HICPreAmp,ADC128S102Ht À 241Am PbR (

²) ç^J^K

M ( ° ) ¤ª2Ü£*N2Ó

Ü_¤Ä*a HOu í=t+vW/·&t >vw/ × íÀLx*y6ç >z ¤ Þ þ6ÀË&¤ (HIC t+vW/·&t )

< × íÇÅ/|¤)Í î~ ThU¬ ìï\ª Ü £<YSÀÅ@POR2Üb_ H 'J-KOM-NÓ4ËWÆ ­ ÀÇb^)ª Ü£pNÓ>~¤L2Ó4Ë^ÀJê@ 120 kHz ' hPORpNÓêJ^KOM-NÓ t ¯Ë ­ =2ígÀÅÔ|/Á*L91;¤hp¬ìïUª2Ü£j<SÃÏ¡2¢<3Ç@'= 20 - 140 kHz >¯ H gÀ t H> N¬/À|ç H ¬/ÀÅ

I6b%6(Shaper)

ñÈj< × íÀhx66&ß**: %¡ ­ À ¤ ê6¢@£#Ì*¤2Á*L9;¤Ü*_ ö _p¥¦)È (Pulse Shape

Amplifier:Shaper) %ÀÅ Ü_j< ö _¬/ÀåJÕª2ÜpN2Ó¤6J@KbM<I§Â1¨ ÃWPR¤ PreAmp

ñ-© H Ê6¡*/Ç shaping time( ®3 CR-RC ªI«¤bm©2£ ) < ë*¬#¬#À|ç3OPpR¤ªÜ£'NÓj<­®ï ñ&¬|/çê*ï)ÀÅ6¯ H #í Shaper °+ç²±*'³`´Ü*_#ê%µ/¶IBp¢·@´h_ H¸ ÀÇ@ADC Ãq¹'ºí ¸» ´gé1¼Â1¨ê%ÀÅ ClearPulse(CP) 4417 ½:ç Ortec 571 ½`´ Shaper ¾h¿#åÀ %-x*Áê%À Ç-2Æ-Â6¾|-´ Shaper

Hhà í-Ä2ÜÅ Ý2Þ <3ÆèIÇ';9Á9`;b< À6|ç H ÃÇJÅÁp91;< ÀåÆ- Shaper ´>Ä2ÜÅ*N2Ó<3ÈÉ`Ê)ÃÇ)ê@I§; Ì*¤ H ¾>Ä2ÜÅ ÝÞ êIË s Ã= u Â>Æ Ç6ÌYSª-«/¾ CR− (RC)n ª-«/´ n=4 %'ÍçÏÎ%¡pÐSÍ&ê@Ä2ÜÅ ÝÞ kÑ ê t ÖÓ î ¸ í%´bIÒ/ª%¾bÓ*?Ô¨Õ'96?IPpR< Shaper

H ±ºÖ6çϱØ×Ç^³1´^ÄÜpÅ'NÓj<

75

Ù4.13 ç Ù 4.14 ´ DFT Ok Ñ ×Y/Ô*´@Ú î ÄÜpÅ'NÓj<L`Ç@Û1|LÐ HSt Í CP Shaper ´

shaping time ÜpÄ2ÜÅ Ý2Þ êÍ 4.27 %ÝÞ Ortec Shaper ´>Ä2ÜÅ Ý2Þ êÍ 4.28 %'Í>Û

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300 400 500

Gai

n(Li

near

)

Frequency [kHz]

ClearPulse Shaper Frequency Responce [shaping time]

0.5 usec1 usec2 usec3 usec5 usec

Í 4.27: ClearPulse Shaper 4417 ShapingTime

ÜßÄ2ÜÅ Ý2Þ

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 100 200 300 400 500

Gai

n(Li

near

)

Frequency [kHz]

ORTEC Shaper Frequency Responce [shaping time]

0.5 usec1 usec2 usec3 usec6 usec

Í 4.28: ORTEC Shaper 571 ShapingTime Ü ÄÜÅ Ý2Þ

àpá 'âø shaping time %6ã^=Ëqä×\Ä2ÜÅ Ý2Þ êÂÐ'=í6Íb´)ê&Ó î Í>Û|Ð/<hÚOå×ÇÍêÍ 4.29 %'Í>Û

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 100 200 300 400 500

Gai

n(Li

near

)

Frequency [kHz]

ORTEC CP Shaper Frequency Responce [shaping time]

Ortec 0.5 usecOrtec 1 usecCP 0.5 usec

CP 1 usec5*(x/80)*exp(-x/80)

13.6*(x/80)*(x/80)*exp(-x/80)*exp(-x/80)

Í 4.29: CP ç ORTEC Shaper Ä2ÜÅ Ý2Þ ÚOå

Í 4.29H ¾æFÝ H ClearPulse ´ Shaperτ=1

H@u'ç Í3Ä)ÜOÅ Ý)Þ <IèYÅ6h ×éêë´ Xì ®&í= ípÍ3Û^|qÐ t Ý Shaper ´ÄÜ@Å ÝÞ < Ù h*º*´^>Ð Ò |G(ω)| =

(

− ωωP eak

)

exp(

− ωωP eak

)

î|G(ω)| =

(

− ωωP eak

)2

exp(

− ωωP eak

)2 ê à í%´6¾ ¸ í î ç²Î%¡*ÐSÍ^Û t ã^=1|@´^ÄÜpÅ ÝÞ <3ÆÎÅj<Lk Ñ ºÍ t Ê H ºÍ>ÛIí6çb×=b%%¾>Ä2ÜÅ Ý2Þ < Ù 4.15 çb×=Ik Ñ ºÍ>Û

|G(ω)| =

(

− ω

ωPeak

)

exp

(

− ω

ωPeak

)

(4.15)

76

I6b%6OîFIR

6^ïð ò/´ FIR ñ*L91;3òÅ`´^k Ñ ¾hó=-p*ôõ'pö÷Iôõøp?pÓjù^ú½%6ãIé-Û/û´pé-kÑÙ ø^ü6ý^þ HLs ÍIÿ » ^Ò-'¾pûO´>k Ñ < b=-òOÅ<Yl×Y=*éIø@LÒL´p¢^£ ¤pñ*L91;I´%¾×-/%Í6| H¸ Íbé- Ù"! # %Í6| H ºÍ>Û

gn =1

ωs

∫ ωs/2

−ωs/2

G(ω)exp(inωT )dω

=1

ωs

∫ ωs/2

−ωs/2

G(ω)cos(nωT )dω + i1

ωs

∫ ωs/2

−ωs/2

G(ω)sin(nωT )dω

n = −∞, · · · ,−1, 0, 1, · · · , +∞

(4.16)

Ò$O6¾&%('`´ Ù A.40 ´ t Ê H üSý@þ H*) ã^=1|*|> G(ω) <+èLÅ, [ æ( ] ×q Ù 4.16 ´sin ´-~</.U×>éOøI/|-´^k Ñ( %¾>òÅ ì +0132 ¸ ÍhÛx`¾>òÅø+01/´hê*ë*4_ø5

4.30 6732p'Í t Ê/2"8:9 ;hÖ"2<>= ¸&?A@ ø3=B1×:/Ê@| Yø: ! ã@é^Û'|о 5 4.31 67S´AC6ÊD2hòbÅø:+0 1S´Lêpë&EFGO´HIJ6:KL KM<N=/PO Q%ºÍOéO"8&9;2K6ø&R ç ÐB×:@ 5 4.30 ´"CÊ ¸&?"@ øASAB×:`Ê´O%'Í>Û

240 260 280 300 320

AD

C D

ata

time [1 unit=855ns]

FIR Filter CoeffientType [BPF 25-150kHz Tap16,fs=1.17MHz]

No FilterCoefficient:EvenCoefficient:Odd

54.30: òpÅ1´&01(T`´*U32VCOÍ4W´*O(X ( Y : ZM ¸ Í'új¼¢S·Iú*[\%&6 : +(0(1*òpÅñ*]^ 2h±×>é=@´*4 W'`_ : a(01pòÅjñ* ]^ 2h±×>é=@´*4 W )

77

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15

h[n]

Tap n

FIR BPF [100-300kHz/fs=1170kHz] coefficient Type Odd/Even

Type EvenType Odd

54.31: òÅø+01/´hê*ë ( 6 ) a(01/´hê*ë ( _ )

|3ÐVb-ªc6ºÍOéb 2¾ 5 4.30 _7S´C6Êd2hòbÅ6ø&a0 16p-Ð e CSÞf Ñ ×dB Ù 4.16 ´ cos

´-Sø."g B sin ´-Søh%ÐAe"C*IÛ%âi BPF ( ±ppõ 100-300 kHz) bda(01* +01/´>òÅ×>éhê*ë/´>Ä4Å(jT$b 5 4.32 2hº^Ûj|-´ 5 b/k1Í`l ÝÞ(a(01nmo+01<>= ¸ UVø%ÍCÊ/2p¾*k"g ¸ IÛ

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

FIR BPF 100-300kHz CoefficientType:Even or Odd [fs =1.17MHz]

Type:Even Tap16Type:Odd Tap16

Type:Even Tap512Type:Odd Tap512

54.32: òÅø+01pa(01/´hê*ë32"CIÍLÄ4Å(jT (BPF 100-300kHz)

Ä(4*Åj(T2q Ba0(1rms+0(12&<t= ¸ U3%¾ ¸ >²Î6¡*Ð`Íbép@ G(ω) b/ajèhÅ, [ æ ] ×/Bu Ñ ×>é-Û|ÐA2"C/ÝÞ Ù 4.16 ¾*vÅNb/wAx×/Bb%'´ Ù 4.17 ´"CÊ/2 ¸ Í>Û

78

gn =2

ωs

∫ ωs/2

0

G(ω)sin(nωT )dω

=2

ωs

∫ ωs/2

0

(

ω

ωpeak

)

exp

(

− ω

ωpeak

)

sin(nωT )dω

n = −∞, · · · ,−1, 0, 1, · · · , +∞

(4.17)

|-´ Ù bu Ñ ºÍ6|Y:a(01/´>òÅNb Ñ -ºÍ6|Yøp3=OÍ>Û gn ¾*yVl&z/´=@´%ñ* ]^òÅC/Ý Ù 4.17

! | ´I¦ ( HI(JÅ ) b/~SBu Ñ b/"@*òÅ hn bd$-ºÍ>Û/û´>òÅ ! 3^Ä4Å(jT32'ú ù1¨×`×>é ì ´Oø 5 4.33 'Í>Û~·@ú¼-·I¤Ä4Å`¾ 1.17 MHz ~ÝH I JbÅ/¾ 20 z6 ωpeak10 kHz

!>300 kHz -6ú ù/¨3×dB%ÍLÛ3OéLä×Ä 4bÅj

Tø:3=*B(6Í ! » Ê ! b/k`ÍIé 2:Z ¸ ã-é Ù 4.15 ´ Peak 2 80 kHz b/ä×>é ì ´ ìú ù1¨×/B(6Í>Û 5 !t ¾ 300 kHz b 8:9 ;VqºÍ ì ´p¾Wø:6ÐB(6Í@ø`û-Ðp`/¾* Wº6ÍdW$bd`ãB%Í qøO¡ ! ÍhÛV^´AC6Êd2¢-£ ¤ñb ]^ 3â*S´hÄ4bÅj TS´/WÝ ¸ ø 8:9 ;Ä4ÅNb":`2*O"g6ÍYøp3=OÍ*ñ* ]^ b ÍYøp3=@é-Û

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

FIR Filter -Analog Tap20- [Peak]

10 kHz20 kHz40 kHz60 kHz80 kHz

100 kHz120 kHz150 kHz300 kHz

2.7*(x/80)*exp(-x/80)

54.33: FIR ñ* ]^ Shaper(

Ù4.15) bd×>8:9 ;/Vb/OX~¯Léhê*ë/´>Ä4Å(jT

Òª'¾>Ä4Å(jT32`q( B$8:9 ;-ø 50 - 60 kHz 2 ¸ Í*ñ* ]^ b ºÍ>Ûо shaping

time 1 - 2 usec -pÍhÛ%× ! ×ZM²¢-£ ¤ñ ]^ ¾ Ù 4.15 bZA2 ×héIø: 5 4.26

b3 k/ÍV[\ S¾ ¡:¢`£ â*V2¤A^Ä 4bÅ bY6ÆIÛA^´hÄ 4OÅ/¾[\4`W32qB8&9; !N ¸ ° ! 2`¥bø6Í 6*ÍV:Î'¡ÐÍOé`&"^´AC%Ê ¸ ¤A^Ä4bÅ 6ø&[\ S´¦§ ¸ ñ"¨:; ^ 'Í/©AªT ì 'Í>Û*ûAh¤pÄ4Å 32«¬`´­Sñ:®jù1¨bd¯VgOÐAe>"øñ ]^ òbÅø^ ×° ±V2 ¸ ÍO´Ibº`²(B'´hÄ 4OÅpôV2B­ñ&®1ùS¨bD¯"g:^´­ñ*®1ù/¨ø"¡¢`£*§Sù/¨³2´ ø*Í ! » Ê ! b/µ²ÍhÛSûL^òbÅ32h ׶O XbD¯"g`B-Ä 4bÅjTV2­ñ&®`ù¨b·&¸6*ºÍ>Ûû´pé 5 4.34 ´"CÊ/2>òÅ h0 = 1 d~ʺ¹ ]^ èÅNbd¯Vg6Í>Û­Sñ:®ù`¨¾ 5 4.34 2'ÍCÊ/2&» ì¼ -òÅ(½pL´-Ú`¾$b B n=0 ´%ñ ]^ òÅ(½$b

~ä×>é-Û 5 4.34 ¾ 150 % ´hê*ë$bd¿×/B(6Í>Û

79

100 %150 %

n

Coefficient ValueWith Offset

W/O Offset

54.34: Ä4Å(jT32­Sñ:®jù1¨bdÀVg6Íbé *´ FIR ñ( ]^ ´>òÅ gn

ÁVÂ 2^òpÅ hn ×B 5 2`×^é ì ´N%ûp´^ò*Å ! Ä(4*Åj(T2`×-é ì ´bø 5 4.35 5 4.36

*ÍhÛ 5 4.35 ¾ 5 4.34 ´Ã Ä !N n > 0 ¸ Í C%Ê/Å*ñ ¨3×DB%ÍhÛ 5 4.36 ¾ 1 2L ÆX ×DB%ÍhÛ^Ä 4bÅ j TbdkB& ! Í C6ÊD2A8&9;I´"p¾O'¡ãB ¸ bø-óÇ 2LÄ 4bÅj T%øȽ/° ç ·&¸61¯LÐB(6Íb´Oø ! Í>Û

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

hn

Tap Num

FIR Filter Coefficient -AnalogFilter- [Peak:60kHz,Tap16]

W/O OffsetWith Offset 50%

With Offset 100%With Offset 150%

54.35: Ä 4OÅj TV2­ñ&®1ùS¨b>Æ ç ÍIép´

òÅ hn( É32"Cbã&B ­Sñ:®jù1¨´*Êpëø:Ë ¸ Í )

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

H(ω

)

Frequency [kHz]

FIR Filter FrequencyResponce -AnalogFilter- [Peak:60kHz,Tap16]

W/O OffsetWith Offset 50%

With Offset 100 %With Offset 150 %

54.36:

54.35 ´ à òOÅ32q ç Í3Ä 4bÅj T ( É

¾ 5 4.35 ¶0Ìä×/B(6Í )

Ð ¢@£ ¤/4 WÍW1¢·@ú(bZ"2/×>é%ñ( ]^ 2­Sñ:®jù1¨bd¯Vg'é ì ´-¹Î½ ¸ BPF¸» ´%ñ( ]^ b BÏШ\¤Ñ:Ò"bdÓ(Ô6ºÍ>Û

4.4.5 Õ,ÖØ×ÙÛÚNÜpÝßÞpà FIR áâ,ãMä,åFIR ñ ]^ b BC/Ýæ¤"ç½$bDè ºÍbé`(2¾é ê ¸ ñ ]^ bdk6Æ ç Í/ë § ø *Í>Ûûìé 2»í î *Í FPGA · î "= ¸ Ý FIR ñ ]^ b/ *éAÏÐ,ïð Ñ&Ò:ñ ìé2ò óôp¹`õöpë 2÷(ø bdùúCSÝ ìû ñïºüýþ î óôbd1ã^éÿÿWøï 9 ^/] î ÷øì 2SûA î û ñïDü`ýþ î ì FIR ñ( ]^ b'éb/Iéû ñïºü&ý:þ î FIR búOé`24W¹(9 ^ bB`öÿÿ\øú(4W$b î ="!Ae*û ì*4 W2 FIR ñ( ]^ b$#%/B:3VÏÐ ïðÑ:Ò 2ú&3=2'i4 W(')Nb+*

80

, ú - î =.0/¶$1"932ü:ý:þ î "45/V -768$9"^û î FADC Boardî 4 WNbdÓ(Ô$:ì=ì*4 Wjñ::9<;jùï= 5 4.37î 9

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [1024]DataNo.

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [1024]DataNo.

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [1024]DataNo.

Waveform 01

Waveform 02

Waveform 03

Until a user’s set time

Waveform 01Time

ADC Data

54.37: FPGA

î ì*4 WÓ(ÔA÷ ì`¹ 9 ^ ñ::9<;jùï

?>@úA@>ðB4CD ÁE 2»5-7FV 1.17 MHzî 9 1 4 W î 1024 G Ó(ÔÛï@IHJ%ø

250 usec ,ï@KHL6ø 600 usec ÿD/ î +"$! 1000 usec. ÿD/³Ó Ô úM!e&ÈN ì APD [\ 4Wø.O.PV2Q".J<LVì ¡&¢`£Ab$RM !> î +$&ì9S:*9.;`ù3ïb/ZA2ÓÔ5"4W$b5

4.38 2T"ú$"!& 241Am b BGO(U

(1cm V ) 2B` APD WX î $(Y-ì î APD -15 Ê"2+Z? Gain ø 100 2M9 CÿD2YdB" Á[ î A&ìCÿ*4Wb 10000 Gÿ0/Ó(Ôú&

2080

2090

2100

2110

2120

2130

2140

2150

2160

2170

2180

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

AD

C

time [1unit=855ns]

BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg) HICPreAmp RI:241Am Waveform [No Filter]

54.38: 241Am b BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg) 2\] HICPreAmp ^[(\>b FADC Boardî Ó(Ô*4 W (fs = 1.17MHz)

ì:4W>b#"ú FIR S( ]$^ ._¥ì`N î A"! ì S( ]N^ ±1, 0 _D*H(I JC

81

ø 16î abAS( ]^$c CNbB4C(jT32¿%&-:ìOø 5 4.39

î 9• 1 1 1 1 0 -1 -1 0 0 (FIR2bit)

±1, 0 2"dY+ -*ì+4`W`ÍWVþ >^úì89(;>ø 80 kHz ì-*ì`2/»?-eFA-*ì(b7fF î 9• FIR BPF #gh 25-150kHz ­YS:®iï 150 %

• FIR Analog1 Peak:60kHz ­YS:®iï 150 %

G(ω) =(

− ωωP eak

)

exp(

− ωωP eak

)

bZ"2(/Bñ S( ]^ • FIR Analog2 Peak:60kHz ­YS:®iï 150 %

G(ω) =(

− ωωP eak

)2

exp(

− ωωP eak

)2 bZ"2(/Bñ S( ]^

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

BGO+APD(Gain35) FIR Filter Coefficient FrequencyResponce [SampleFreq.=1.17MHz,Tap16]

FIR2bit 1 1 1 1 0 -1 -1 0 0FIRBPF 25-150 kHz Offset150

FIRAnalog 60kHz Offset150FIRAnalog2 60kHz Offset150

54.39:

û SïDü`ýþ î ì FIR S( ]^ ìV2j k "bAS( ]^$c C2`q l"B4C(jT

±1, 0 ìS ]^ +m"ì9S ]^n U0/B&H IJ<Co 8 z n dBk9+<p<*A! ±1, 0 b"j9k"PABì"qr9sVbPBtgu l2<kMvMk(ì î G(ω) =

(

− ωωP eak

)

exp(

− ωωP eak

)

ìA8*9;o 80 kHz

n -ì`2D»A-eFk-ì b$jkB<kA7!/4W`ÍW"þ>+wì shaping time=1.5

usec 2<`Ç0`ÌaDBMk9 FIR BPF <'"iö î 80 kHz o Gx"2. 0 - 175 kHz, 25 - 150 kHz,

50 - 125 kHz ì#g9h n 9S( ]N^ bñ D yìz/»-D¤YkÐ%<i*Å| ] 2e . 25 - 150

kHz bf3F î kyì 25 - 150 kHz ì BPF v ­(S®iïb/¯3gBk3=/ y(ì G î »-D´(¾o~kY-*ì.o 150 % ì î î y!VbfAF FIR Analog1 p< FIR Analog2 -+'*2*pA8&9(;d" bdOgB&»a-¤ kÐa.iÅ0| ] 2-&ìbf"&V2y"v ­&S&®Aiïbd¯Vg Bk&&B y ìG î »5-º¤&k Ð5<i*Å| ] 2= .&-:ì b$f"F î k ! ìS( ]^$c CNb+j k9 FIR S( ]^ 2*4 W 4.38 b$#%&-:ì<o 5 4.40 v 5 4.43

î9

82

4150

4200

4250

4300

4350

4400

4450

4500

4550

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

AD

C

time [1unit=855ns]

BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg) HICPreAmp RI:241Am Waveform [FIR2bit(11110-1-100),Tap8]

54.40:

54.38 2 FIR2bit S& ]V^ bK#a$/4W

3050

3100

3150

3200

3250

3300

3350

3400

3450

3500

3550

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

AD

C

time [1unit=855ns]

BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg) HICPreAmp RI:241Am Waveform [FIR BPF 25-150kHz Offset150%,Tap16]

54.41:

54.38 2 FIR BPF 25-150kHz b"#3

*4 W

3050

3100

3150

3200

3250

3300

3350

3400

3450

3500

3550

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

AD

C

time [1unit=855ns]

BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg) HICPreAmp RI:241Am Waveform [FIRAnalog1 60kHz Offset150%,Tap16]

54.42:

54.38 2 FIR Analog1 60kHz bI#+

4 W

2800

2850

2900

2950

3000

3050

3100

3150

3200

3250

3300

3350

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

AD

C

time [1unit=855ns]

BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg) HICPreAmp RI:241Am Waveform [FIRAnalog2 60kHz Offset150%,Tap16]

54.43:

54.38 2 FIR Analog2 60kHz b#+

4 W5

4.40 S( ]^$c C&oP"B:ÍC((ì î ¦ @ o%m3ìS( ]^ 2*(²B¢(>"o ¼ kì<o v +p<"mVì9S ]^ &ZMì4`W n * , DB þ>.9 Å9MïopADvMk" n o:kB n !YN:ì*4 WNb+j k BÏÐ ïðÑ:Ò"b$Yk9&-:ì<o 5 4.44

î 9

83

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

coun

t

channel

BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg) RI:241Am HICPreAmp Histogram(FIR Filter)

NoFilter1 1 1 1 0 -1 -1 0 0

FIRBPF 25-150kHz Offset150FIRAnalog1 60kHz Offset150FIRAnalog2 60kHz Offset150

54.44:

û Stïüý*þ2C FIR S ]3^ bj9kÏdÐ,ï¶ð`Ñ*Ò* , (BGO+APD 241Am -15deg)

241Am ì 59.5 keV 8:9 ;o 70 ch. 0/2a9y ì ªVb/k( 2++*¤AÐ5iÅ0| ] 2bDè î =Bkì.o3CVuv +N&ì 5 v FIR Analog1 v FIR Analog2 S ]^o:»5-´&o 9 ne u!Y

4.5 ADC

HXI/SGD qlþ(;.ÅM ] 2³ì APD [\b&¹A ^/] OM ú<ì+W<X (ADC WX ) _ ¥ì"CAÿ$ § ovMs !9¡k

1. 1 MSPS

BGO+Preamp [ \Nb öAú&M 1MHzî¢Aî 9

2. 12 bit ª

3. ¤£^ADC WMX 1 ch. a 50 mW

4. ¤¥¦80× 80 mm 짨"·9 APD ©ª 14ch.

ì öY«¬A­"®"`ú&¯° n ktÿe±²Yo³?´7!&µ¶ î · ¸¹ ADC WX n FPGA ­"RYº APMU P9»0¼(½a´!£^ 1.4 W

î· ¾¹ APD ©ª 1 ch.· a 0.05 W _Dzì£^ î¿ ñ î(À -:ì¹?yY¡

APD ©Mª 14 ch.î

8× 8cm ì+§¨Y ADC W<X¹ APMU-FPGA ¹bÁ3þÂÃð«¬D­ÄÅ"?Æ¡´$kì î ¤¥¦ î· Ç n o ¸´K!9¡k <ÈÉ(MÊoY. ADC WMX&oM_Ëì+Ì 4.2î·

84

Í Î ÏÐÑ Ò^.C MSPS Ó^.ÔÐ Õù£Ö (@3 V) ×]ØÙÚNS ADC128S102QML 8 0.5-1 serial 0.9 mA 100 krad(Si)

TI THS1206-EP 4 6 para 62 mA ÛST TSA1204 2 0.5-20 para 31 mA(10 MSPS) ÛST RHF1201 1 0.5-50 para 15 mA(0.5 MSPS) 300 krad(Si)

NS = National Semiconductor

TI = Texas Instruments

ST = ST Microelectronics

Ì 4.2: HXI/SGD ADC WMXìÈÉQ@KÜ ï

THS1206EP þ<ÂYÃð"Ò ^?Ý9>:ìCYo 4 Þ nàß Æ¹áa>.w@>ð"BâC-ã9ä 1.5 MSPS (6

MSPS ­ 4 Þ î l )î9· o¹å&æ9çèYÓ^DÝ>oéDê Í çëM(ìMM¸ì.å&æ9çè<Ò9^DÝ

> n=í '.î · inout Ý>+ìM¸®ï9oðñYM?¹«¬<¥¦ o³A´e!¡kÇ n ­t½ nòó+?Æàk TSA1204 +Ò^0Ý>o 2 Þî.á>w0@>ô$BMâMCa-Kõ +ö5$¡ ¢M Ú÷&­øNo¹ST Microelectronics ùîpM+×]ØÙÚ(ìú [ ­û¡üa´7¹DpM APD ©ª 1ch. öú&"Õù£9^0- 15 mA

ný eþ&k RFH1201 "×M]ØMÙÚYì+ú [ ­$ûD+¡ ¯M°&ÿ lMì.î9 · oWX¥¦o 15.75× 9.65mm

neý ƹaÝ>ì+C5- 1 (.N À 48 Þ · M¸©ªØo ß Æ¡p Yy!´­t½¹ HXI/SGD Yzî ADC128S102QML ­ ADC WMX n ¡f%

4.5.1 ADC128S102

National Semiconductor ù(ì ADC128S102QML ¤?k¥¦Moa´ 0.05 - 1 Mbps o÷î.¹å9ça-A@+è.#©Yì<¸éDê(=è#©Y*¡Ø?- ý aÆe¡º ò [ î.jk<M×]ØÙÚ( õ!k9¸¹'"(ìÚ ÷ ì$#YÊú [ j ADC128S102 ­ÇÇ+îj k _Ëì+Ì 4.3 ADC128S102QML

nADC128S102 ì§Þ%&Ú ÷Y­$Å sY

ADC128S102QMLn

ADC128S102n ì 'Dkáa>.w?@><ô"BâCAì.>ì a$¹+×]9ØÙ

Ú(ì (Û¹WMXDìä À )*î · ¹ AD ë,+Ð9¹(Ý>!-¹/.Ã&i.ç102>.ô<+P Æ7'!3î·54 6ADC128S102 7,Â&ÃôÒ^AÝ>7 8ch.

·54 o.¹58*( AD ë­û&½ 4 ì7 1ch. lì<î 8ch. P&¡19: n 4 n yìÒ^AÝ>ì$; =<Y½9/> ?¡<á?>wD@>.ô$BâMC&o ò@ 1/8 ACB ¡pD 6 APMU îE7 APD 8Nö/ 4 AD ëWXAF?+! 4 £ ^o 50 mW _ Ë5ìî.¹ APD WMXG89N öIH¡ ADC128S102QML ­$89N $JLKNMO?¡PI£^Q7&R S!k 6 ÇUT>?¡1V APD WX&î 1 MHz ­ZY,[î À 4 6

4.5.2 ADC128S102 \^]C_C`IaIbdcfeADC128S102 7.åæ9çè<Ò,g,h SCLK ¹ CS ¹ DIN ìUiEjî ·,46 ÇìiGjî.áCklmkôZnâ&o­UpY¸¹ AD ë­û:=ÒGgAÝ,k.­Z;LKY½¹ AD ë­û:ç102&k.ô­UpqE 4 6 AD ëOrUTEs"©Mª!7.å æ9çè&Ó g0Ýkî ·,4 DOUT t?´ SCLK $u?+¡ Ó$grUT 4$6 V?ÝkìvJ­$Ì 4.4 wMÅ/ 4 6x&y òGz îG7&ÇUT´­ FADC Board î1|E 4 6

85

:~ADC128S102QML ADC128S102

Sampling Freq. 0.05 - 1 Mbps 0.5 - 1 Mbps ÷ 12 bit (=4096ch) 12 bit

Â&ÃôÒGg 8 ch. 8 ch. ² (VA) +2.7 < VA < +5.25V +2.7 < VA < +5.25V ² (VD) +2.7 < VD < VA +2.7V < VD < VAmG1k"Ü (Vref ) =VA =VAÂ&ÃôÒGg1k 0 to Vref 0 to Vref

Õ g 2.3 mW(3V) / 10.7 mW(5V) 2.3 mW(3V) / 10.7 mW(5V)

WX, 9.91× 6.35mm2 5 × 4.4mm2

WXþr 1.78 mm 0.9 mm& .Ã. 0.8 MHz - 16 MHz 8 MHz - 16 MHz

åYæ ç"èMÒGg SCLK,CS,DIN SCLK,CS,DIN

åYæ ç"è(Óg DOUT DOUT

AD ë&,+ ,5 Ï ,5 Ï×ØÙÚ 100 krad(Si) ÛIH

Ì 4.3: ADC128S102QML/ADC128S102 ÞÚ ÷SCLK Serial Clock

6 áCklDmkô­$ûZs<¸ì5.MÃG$.î · K¾¹ 16 MHz

ÒGg9î 1 MSPS6

CS Chip Select6

AD ë&Dì on/off6

’L’ î on6

DIN Digital data Input6 .ÂYÃô"ÒEgÝ5kM­U;dK<(½ 4 s¸9ìÒ/g 6

b‘000‘ î ch.0 ¹ b‘111‘ î ch. 76

DOUT Digital data Output AD ë å5çM­MÓ$g 6 CS h ’0’ ì ¹ SCLK G5 ¹ MSB ta´¢¡ 12 bit Óg 6Ì 4.4: ADC128S102 åYæ ç"èÝ,k

CmZè £©(ìs¸¹Â&Ãô©ª­ÒGgOH s0´ AD ë&,¤(ì<åG çh 1 clock î¥ ÓgDrT4 ¦ îG7&5ƾ¹ 1 clock § ¡ ÓgDrT 4 6,¨ H 8* ADC128S102 ì AD ë&h on 4©

DOUT ta´+ÓgDrT 4 åYæ ç"èM©ªhª,«&ʬ­®GD¯ ~ ìt&­U° 4 +,/h5,±9ì<î CS

­U²Y¸¹åG ç³,´ç102&k.ôhµõ 4 6 ADC128S102 ìG.Ã.ç102&k.ô­1¶ 4.45 Å 4 6

86

¶ 4.45: ADC128S102 SerialTiming Diagram[29]

· ¸¹ ¸ ºG» Ó 5¼&k½è¾¿G 4 >5 ADC128S102 5¼&k½èå,ç ¾IÒ,g& 46 Ò

g,hÀEÁH$s0´ ¨ ì/¼5k½è ö&ÂH$sÝk Ò5grUTEs&ÂÃôZÃÄEh AD ëOrUT MSB t´¢¡ 12 bit

h DOUT ta´+ÓgDrT 4 6 Çì ÅÆ!7 Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI)©ZÇ5È T4 £Ã&+ ©¢É ÆNÊ ± 4$6 SPI £Ã7 ý ±YÝkî · K h?´7å,çQ $Ë, ´ ¸1ÌÍ5Î © 4

Ç © hî À 4 6 APMU > 4 |îG7 ADC128S102 h 1 MSPS ¾ ò ª/ 4 s¸ ¤&ÏDì FPGA

î 15 MHz .MÃ/.&¾ZÐ&ÑH ± 4$6 ¶ 4.46

SPI ì,ÒMÃ.¶E¾Zw<ÅE 4$6 ¶ì MOSI© ±C

ì&7 Master Out Slave In ì Ç © î¹ ADC128S102 î57 DIN · s 4$6 MISO 7 ¨ ìÓ î Master

In Slave Out ì&Ç © î · K¾¹ DOUTÔÕ 4 6 Slave Select ì Öî ·54 SS h ADC128S102 ì

CS©U× Ø ì v ~ ¾ZÙf 6

Master

MOSI DataMSB LSB

MISO DataMSB LSB

MOSI DataMSB LSB

MISO DataMSB LSB

SCLK

MOSI

MISO

SCLK

ControlSS

Slave

¶ 4.46: SPI £,ÃDÒÃ.1¶Ú/Û 7 Slave

$Ô!Õ 4 ADC128S102 tOÜKå5ç¾5PGÜ&$ì.î SPI £Ãî9ì MISO Ý5Þ © K¾¹ ¨ ì MISO ÝG:Þ=ì Þ%&E.Ã.ç102&k.ô ( ¶ 4.47) h,¶ 4.45

©© P É ÆÊ ± 4 6SPI £Ã î57 · ¸1¹ ¸ Slave

ÎOP-Code

©Ç,È T 4 Ý5ÞìU¿&å5ç ¾ÃG 46 Slave ßîÇì<åG ç&¾ º/» ³LK¾¹ MISO ÝG:Þàì t MOSI ÝG:Þàì t¾Zá/âCH7¹P5H MISO ÝG:ÞàÜ È .MÃG. $5& å5ç¾ Master

Î Ã5 4$6 ÇZT >? ý ±YÝ&kî · KãhOÜ Slave

tOÜ MasterÎ © å5çìÃEh÷î ·,4$6 ADC128S102 î57 OP-Code hGÂÃô$Ò5gE¼5k

½è&ì$¿ © 4 6

87

SerialSS

SerialClk

MOSI OP Code

MSB LSB

MOSI OP Code

Master In Slave OutIdle GetOPCode CheckOPCode WaitSS Idle

<Slave>

<Master>

2clk

Master In Slave Out Mode

MISO

MISO 14 LSBMSB

State

¶ 4.47: SPI Master In Slave Out Mode

4.6 ADC128S102 äæåèçêé FIR ëíì^îðï ñæòôóöõø÷ADC128S102QML 7ùú,û &üý r TsP.ìGþ&hM¹ Ú · îÿDî ò 9 Tsh/,±Es¸ ¨ ìÚ ÷¾ x&y 4 õh 4 6 HXI/SGD ì,Â&Ãô Û P²,s APMU

x&y BBM 72 ±EsÊîDP r 4 ú z f~ h ß ±Gs xy û&C¾C? ± 4 ìMîE7El.I¯=ì<Ü E è © H G &± 6¨ î ADC128S102

x&y û ¾! #"IH ¨ T!¾FADC Board î1|E 4$ © î ADC128S102 ì x&y ¾ûC?s 6 · s BGO

©APD WX ì

ADC128S102xy û% © HXI/SGD îûG± 4 PreAmp

%&%'( ± HICxy Û)

(HICPreAmp)

¾$ûE± ò! ì+* , Û +( ±!PìG¾.-ªH ¨ ì0/ 1îì FIR 2354&¾$ûE±5s06%7³,´ ¨H FPGA 8îì FIR 2354h9: <;=3 Þ +> ? h 4 ì t © ±O © ¾@5/s 6

4.6.1 ADC128S102 ACBEDCFCG TIÜH ADC128S102 %IJ$K | L ¾+M x&y û ¾"[ H s 6 %N" POE¦Q+RST0U V

:B , 5 ± Q0W x&y û H$¥X Û ¶/¾1¶ 4.48

wY,Z Q0W H x&y û T0[g lCm\kl ÃÄO¾]q_^ ± Q h lCm\kl ÃÄ T)` H Ã,Ä!a$K ADC128S102 H [ g1k T+b H Ã&Ä!ac&± © ± ¦ c&±5s%\d!e [ g5tOÜ ADC128S102

· aH& 0f%g Û ¾hi ^ ± Q0W ¶ 4.48© ¶ 4.49 h"[j^ s H+kla Q0W

¶ 4.49: ADC128S102xy m, ( n½o4 p q WX r s,ß )

¶ 4.50: ADC128S102xy t, ( u<4 k

K q WX r s,ß )

88

− +1.0

kΩ

R4

1.0

kΩ

R3

1.0

pFC

110

kΩR

1

1

2 3

4 5 6 7 8161514

13 12

11109

0.1uFC4

EN

&

19 12345678911 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

0.1uFC6

VC

C

GN

D

20

10

EN

&

19 12345678911 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

0.1uFC7

VC

C

GN

D

20

10

− +1.0

kΩ

R6

1.0

kΩ

R5

1.0

pFC

210

kΩR

2

0.1uFC5

1.0

kΩ

R10

1.0kΩ

R9

1.0kΩ

R7

1.0kΩ

R8

CS

Va

AG

ND

IN0

IN1

IN2

IN3

IN4

IN5

IN6

IN7

DG

ND

Vd D

IN

DO

UT

SC

LK

AD

C12

8S10

2

TC74

LCX

541F

TC74

LCX

541F

0.1uFC3

LMP

7732

LMP

7732

LEM

O

LEM

O

LEM

O

LEM

O

LEM

O

LEM

O

2 31

1.0

uFC

8 2 31

1.0

uFC

951ΩR11

Dig

ital G

ND

Dig

ital S

uppl

y

Ana

log

GN

DA

nalo

g S

uppl

y

title

AD

C12

8S10

2 Te

st B

oard

date

2010

/11/

29

VA(+5V)

VD(+5V)

VD

VA

CS

DIN

DO

UT

SC

LK

DIN

DO

UT

SC

LKCS

[DO

UT]

[DIN

][SC

LK]

[CS

]

VD

VD

U1

U1

U1

+V-V

VA

[Ana

log

In 0

]

[Ana

log

In 7

]

U2

U3

U4

mod

elA

MP

-AD

C

¶4.48:ADC128S102xy%Û)¶WADCW XH0vÏxwyk1HfYg\Ekl¾z2143 [5g|G:¯T)¾.~iW

89

ADC128S102 H$o o4 y5 kPe5¾0M FADC Board 8$H FPGA a ADC128S102 nEkO¯3GÝE 3 © 6%7 /ÝE 3!H üý ¾^ \d!e6%7C¾Z³,´j^ s0 ? h,¶ 4.51 aQ)W T T Function Generator

YQ10 kHz H b 66 7O¾ [ g^ ± Q)W H !+ ±

c06Y7 ¾³´$a $ ± Q+W H&|YEÝG )3!¾û5± 6Y7 ¾³´^ %234H+JK¾ xy Z Q0W

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

AD

C

time [1 unit=855ns]

Sin 10kHz by ADC128S102

Sin 10kHz

¶ 4.51: ADC128S102!Y ³,´j^ s b! 6 (10 kHz) Ã&Ä6%7

4.6.2 FPGA E FIR `EFPGA FIR $

4.4.5 O ± ¡ ¯£¢))\)a FIR P2¤34 ¾¥rPs^ )¦%§ ^s W Y a T 6x7³´ FIR x2354 VETO Ã&Ä g u3:x¨ y ¯©+: ¯£e ª«³,´H$¥ ¾ FPGA 8 r s_^ r¬ ×)­ H® ¯ ¾"±° ¨ HY8%a FIR 2354h9: 0²<;=3 Þ¾.³´$Z Q H t¶µ tH)· z ¾¸ ¹W

FPGA 8 aH FIR 234 T)º q»%¼ 234+½%¾ 2354 ©=¿ À Á H Ë oaH0 à · s ¨ ÜH+Ä ÃÅÇÆ%Ã!ÈÉ Ê © c Q0W · s FPGA aH+ ÃË !Ì)Í °#È Q HPaÂ Ã Ì¤Î Ï ^c ¦) È c Üc± W ¨$ a FPGA 8YaHÂYà T ®!¯=²,¯ã¾.Ð,û¶^sÂ%à ¾.¸ © ^s W26( Ñ Ò Ó!a 11010) ¾+M ®GD¯Ô²5I¯=H0ÕÖ$c×ØG¾1¶ 4.52

+Ù Z W ®GD¯Ô²5I¯ © T ¨ HxÚv!H U Ó ÛC¾Ü ·YÝ T0Þ ¸ ܤZ © a Q0W ¶ 4.52 H U) ÜH²5I¯ T Ñ Ò ÓH0ßÈ8%È Q HPaÓ Û!Èà¶á P Þ H²âI¯ T ß%ãäZ Q HPa)Ó%Û!È)åæ!çYc Q+W0è!é ° n êëìíÜç²âjìîZ È 26 × 2n ï c° Þ ç²âjìîZ È 26 × 2−n ï c Q0W

90

26 = b”11010”

0 1 1 0 1 0 0

1 1 0 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 1 0 1

1 bit Left shift :

2 bit Left shift :

1 bit Right shift :

= 52

= 104

= 13

= 26 × 21

= 26 × 22

= 26 × 2−1

ð4.52: 26=b’11010’ H!êë5ìÔ²âjì

Hê ëì=²âì#ñûò Ý Â%Ãñ ó ï ^.ô 30× 53 ñUûòYô×!Ø!^ Ý Ì HxÈ ð 4.53 a QWéõ30 ñ ×32, ×16, ×8, ×4, ×2 H0ö÷!a ð 4.52 H ! çêë5ì#²$â_ì¹Z Q)W axÂÃ5ç OøQ+ù Ó¶ñ 2 H0ÂÓ5H)ú5ç)æûZ QW H0ö÷!a T 53 = 32 + 16 + 4 + 1 cHYa 30 × 32, 30 × 16,

30× 4, 30 þ ø ñü±° ^ ý H+úñü Q+W Z Q ï a 30× 53 = 1590 ñr%þZ Q+W Hêëì=²âìÿÂ%à T È$cPÈ%ÓHPò c Qù Óç Ì a xQ+W FIR âY2.340a ` H ù Óñû$ò Q ï T HYÃ<ñ¸ Ý aÆ%Ã<ñ)Z ! òHPac%ò W

30 × 53 = 30 × (32 + 16 + 4 + 1)

30 = b”11110”

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0

30 × 32 =

30 × 16 =

30 × 8 =

30 × 4 =

30 × 2 =

30 × 1 =

×1 = 960

×1 = 480

×0 = 0

×1 = 120

×0 = 0

×1 = 30

= 1590

ð4.53: êë5ìÔ²âjì£ñÐ^ Ý Â ÃL

H!êë5ìÔ²âjì  Ã<ñ$ò%ô FPGA 8%a FIR â2354%ñ.r s_^ 6H06%7<ñ.ü j^ Ý W! ^ Ý FIR â 2.354 T ù Ó!È [1, 0, -1] a#" Q0W þ$H z#% 4 ï Ñ è v!H z#% 4xH+¾æñ.ü Q ïò Ì HPa & 4.3 a M=2 ï ^ Ý Ì H ï(' ^ò W 6cHPa)*È,+ Ä_^ôò Q - T./ È 01 c Hxa 2 Ì 0 1 ï c Q+W H ð 4.54 a Ìý) È,34 !Q Ý5 b ^6 q "^.ô ò Q ï(78 Q+W

91

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600

0 50 100 150 200 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

AD

C

time [1 unit=855ns]

Tri 10kHz and Pass FIR Filter on FPGA [coe:1 0 -1]

Raw Tri [axis L]Pass FIR Filter (1 0 -1) [axis R]

ð4.54:

6 ï FPGA 8%a FIR â2354 [ù Ó 1,0,-1] ñ:9_^ Ý H06%7

FPGA a<;+H FIR âx2¤34Pñ:òxô)6P7!Hü =>@?©.: ìÔePª0« HBAY´ñ¸ W ! %Z Q FIR

â2#3!4 ù Ó T m 4.5 çDCEYôYò Q.W ; T ¡ â<죢BF\)a%H©:Cì=exª+«%ç O òô= ù ÓÈ ±1, 0

H Ì Hxa" Q [1 1 1 1 0 -1 -1 0 0] ï ÀYÁ HÓYÛaG Ì£>Y? È" Ý FIRAnalog2 Peak:60kHz HâI ë5ì 150% ñ:JLK aò Q0W ÝM ^ FPGA aN%ÓH$n %Pz<O#P ePç ^ôòc%òHPa FIR8bitTFIR Analog2 Peak:60kHz H!â I ëì 150% ñMç^.ô ±255 çQ é%Q %ÓçBRSj^.ô ò Q+W ð

4.55 ç T M4T#H 220 HUV5ñDW è NYÓç Oø QYXZ Ó[%J ï =\],ò Q ±255 %Óç Oø%QYXZÓ[%JH^`_ñDC#E Q+W ð 4.25 ç" Ý ç=`YÓçRSj^ô ̤ù ÓUV$È 28 ca XZ Ó[JçRbÈc!ò Ý5 =;H c ±255 Ó!a Ì N%ÓH+ö÷ ïYdfehgi È#" Q ïkjl á Q0WÚ`m ù Óno pqra $ò Qù ÓsFIR2bit ±1, 0 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 ,-1, -1, 0, 0,

FIR8bit ±255 t Ó 10, 19, 31, 48, 67, 82, 80, 51, 123, -51, -80, -82, -67, -48, -31, -19, -10

m 4.5: FPGA a#t FIR â OBuwv a $ò Q â OBuwv.ù Ó

92

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

FIR Filter Analog2 Peak:60kHz Offset150% -Double or 28 Integer FrequencyResponce-

Double-255, .., 0, .., +255

ð4.55: FIRAnalog2 Peak:60kHz Offset150% Tap16 a ù ÓÈ 220 N Ó ( x ) ï 28 Ó ( y ) a@tXZ Ó[ J^:5^z=#;t ±255 %ÓñBò Q ; ï a FIR â ODufv t wy<P È 100 v ï| 6£c Q+W ð 4.56T241Am

Z~ ç ^#m 4.5 t FIR8bit â OBuwv ñ ¡ âjì¢ FY\xa,9ZYv t Z~ a#" Q0W ;,t Z~ ¡ âjì¢ FY\xa©±ì£e ª«ç^= 241Am t 59.5 keV % o ñ.üE° Z ï ð 4.57 ï c Q0W;,t ï / â OBuwv cj^È X 120 ch. 5µç= FIR8bit â OBuwv È X 55000 ch. 5µçL % oÈ ô ò Q txa Oý 460 à<tâ O:ufv0w y<P a" Q ï æ@ Q+W ; T â ODufvù ÓÈ ±255 tBYÓct%a FIR â OBuav t [@2 ï ,2 t# ù& 4.7

° ,2 È O5xý â OBuav.ù Óft)ßµçàá Q ¥a#" Q0W

250000

260000

270000

280000

290000

300000

310000

AD

C

BGO+APD 241Am Raw and FIRFilter Waveform

FIR Filter coe:28 Integer

2060

2080

2100

2120

2140

2160

2180

2200

2220

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

AD

C

time [1 unit=855ns]

Raw

ð4.56: BGO+APD PreAmpOut 241Am

Z~( ) ï ¡ âjì¢ FY\xa FIR8bit â OBuwv ñ:9_^ ÝZ~

( )

93

40000 45000 50000 55000 60000 65000 70000 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900FIRFilter Coe:28 Histo

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

coun

t

TestPulse Raw and FIRFilter Histogram

Raw Pulse Histo

ð4.57:

ð4.56 t Z~ k Ý 241Am 59.5 keV ©Eì¤eª« ( Ü : â OBuav v= Þ :FIR8bit

â OBuwv )

[2 ï 2` t / áPñ de@ ¥òç^ Ý È,<tB ÷$òtxa=â O:ufv+wy<P a 2 ñ:aB!È#"â OBuwv)wyP ð 4.57 460 ïY ôò@ ÝM À%Á tâ OBuwvù Óç è òYôâ ODufv0wyLP ñ 1 Ý òt`;;B â O:ufv0w y<P ñ â O:uvù ÓtB<tÓt+ú ï 1@¡ ¢ 4.5 t FIR8bit â O:uv M ï â O:ufv0w y<P 511 ï: °£=f %¤ ¥ 5Ý 460 ï 2 à#¦# ¿ 8@ òt ò` FPGA FIR â O:uwv t§ 2¨ %@v ç =<;,tâ OBuwv©ªP ,aB!È#" ÝMB« ÃË FPGA #t¬<ñY­® ¡f¯ Ý5 = « à êë5ìÔ²âjì°¸± Ý é ï 5 ï FPGA #t FIR â OBuwv` ¦#t & 4.18 = & 4.19 ïY

FilterGain ≡M∑

m=0

hm hm ≥ 0

0 hm < 0(4.18)

y[n] =1

2k

M∑

m=0

hmx[n]

2k−1 < FilterGain < 2k

(4.19)

FIR $²³´`µ FPGA ¶·¸¹º»¼HXI/SGD #t ¨ %@v ü ½¾<ñ:¿#À ÁL§ M øÂÃø ÝLÄ tÅ ð 4.58 ç" I ë5ìkÆëÇ ð #" ASTRO-H HIC ÈÉL],ÊËÌ (HIC PreAmp) ç 1cm APD ÍÎ<ñ èø =Ï PYÐÒÑ:%v ç 1cm

BGO Ó<Ô$ñ I ëì Õ APD ÍÎ ï BGO

Æ uÖY×fØÙÚ tÛYçÜ#Ýô ò@#;Ý+ñ:Þßà<tÛPçBÜÝ =¿á#,âã ¡ ätßV@" -15 V!ç I ëì = APD Í Îç 400 V

t)*ñ:å<æ Õ a;YÝçLç±)ô APD©ªP

100 wèç ôò@ [6] HIC ÈÉL],ÊËÌYtÇaé Æ P Ç § 2 ADC128S102 ÈÉêëçÜ 2¡ ;,t ï / ADC128S102 ÈÉêë 3.3

V ,ìA ô%ò#<;t0`í5ñ FADC Board çç`±ô ADC128S102 îï=ðñ ¨ %#v tü óòô<ñYõ± Õ

94

400 V @ -15 deg : (Gain 100)

PreAmp

ASTRO-HHIC Test Amp

Al BoxRI BGO

APD 1cm

inverter

ADC128S102ADC Test Board FADC Board

FPGA

Digital Signal- SCLK- CS- Din- Dout

constant-temperature bath

ð4.58: ADC128S102 È É êëñYò Õ ð ñ ¨ %v ü ½¾ I ë$ìÆë Ç [BGO+APD(Gain 100,-

15 V )]

;BÝ4 I ë5ìhÆë Ç ç<çwö£= 241Am 60 keV t HICPreAmp ñü ,Õ Z~ ñ ð 4.59 ç÷¡ ;Ý#Å 6 ü L / ôò`èø:@t Õ5 =@^_ ïï ô Tektronix ùúLHLÏû ü % Ç

TDS3032B çPôü Õ dfe 60 keV t HICPreAmp § 2 ñ ð 4.60 ç÷ ¡ ;YÝÒ dý çü @ / ò Õ5 = ð 4.60

d ýþ t Z~ ò^_t Õ5 ADC128S102 ÿ

Eô ö£= é Õ t`H I ë5ì ï u ª ì°Å øçøç ôò@

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

AD

C

time [1unit=855ns]

BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg)->HICPreAmp+ADC128S102 RI:241Am [No Filter]

No Filter

ð4.59: BGO+APD(Gain100,-15 V )

ADC128S102 ñ@_ò Õ 241AmZ ~

[ OBuv c ]

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000time [usec]

BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg)+HICPreAmp ADC128S102 vs Oscillor [PreAmp] RI:241Am

Oscillo PreAmpOutADC128S102 NoFilter(inverse)

ð4.60: HICPreAmp

, ñ ADC128S102( x ) HÏû<ü % Ç ( y ) ü Õ Z~

4.60 Z~ t+ü 6°õ 8 Ýôò@.òæ@ Õ ¢ 4.5 Lç` FIR O:uwv.ù

ñBòYô FPGA OYufv ñ 9 Õ Z~ ñ 4.61 = 4.62 B÷ ¡ f;:Ý Ø F Æ t/ ±)ô"!# OBuwv%$ +ü ôò@ Õ5 Z~f dfe ò`

95

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

AD

C

time [1unit=855ns]

BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg)->HICPreAmp+ADC128S102 RI:241Am [FIR 2bit Filter]

FIR2bit

4.61: BGO+APD(Gain100,-15 V )

ADC128S102 &a(' Õ 241AmZ4~

[FIR

2bit OBuwv ]

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

AD

C

time [1unit=855ns]

BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg)->HICPreAmp+ADC128S102 RI:241Am [FIR 8bit Filter]

FIR8bit

4.62: BGO+APD(Gain100,-15 V )

ADC128S102 &w(' Õ 241AmZ4~

[FIR

8bit OBuwv ]

;t Z~ Å) ¨ u ± Õ Æ*û+ ÏF ª d, t Z ~ ±.-'#,&/10L Õ 5 = 4.63 FIR8bit OYuwv Ortec Shaper(τ=2usec) t XZ [2#&B= 4.64 L;,t3 OYuwv Lç ±-HICPreAmp

&: ~ Õ Z~ &:C@E<

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

0 100 200 300 400 500

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

FIRAnalog2 60kHz 150% vs Ortec τ=2usec FrequencyResponce fs = 1.17MHz

FIRAnalog2 60kHz 150%Ortec τ=2usec

4.63: FIR8bit OBuav ( y ) Ortec Shaper

(τ=2usec)( x ) t XZ [2-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800time [usec]

BGO+APD(Gain100,-15deg)+HICPreAmp ADC128S102 vs Oscillor [Filter/Shaper] RI:241Am

Oscillo Shaper τ=2usecADC128S102 FIR8bit

-10 0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

498 500 502 504 506 508 510 512

4.64: FIR8bit OBuav ( y ) Ortec Shaper

(τ=2usec)( x ) Lç` HICPreAmpZ~ t ~

;,t XZ [2 ò Z~ &Y3w FIR8bitZ~ ~ t54L Shaper d6 V#"87@æ@ 9 ª: t5; ¯ Shaper Å*<=> '`a;,t FIR OBuwv &5? 3.2.2 @ PoGOLite

t 3.11 ò 3.13 @çBA:CD+FE Ù5GH )1IFJ %u & ê pK BÕ FIR Ouv @tA:C +EÙGH )BIJ %u &:A H =LÝç,±.-M Õ ABC+E Ù ¨ %#v Å 4.65 4.66 "LÝONÝ 241Am 137Cs tABP+E Ù "QORS -= Ortec t Shaper PocketMCA ç`A(8+E Ù Ä C@EB-1'@

96

1

10

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1000

10000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

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channel

BGO APD(Gain100,-15deg) -> HICPreAmp [ADC128S102,pocketMCA] RI:241Am 10min Histogram

ADC128S102 NoFilterADC128S102 FIR2bitADC128S102 FIR8bit

Ortec Shaper τ = 0.5 usecOrtec Shaper τ = 1 usecOrtec Shaper τ = 1 usec

4.65: BGO+APD(Gain100,-15 V ) ADC128S102 &5T'- FPGA M1U Õ 241Am A(+E Ù

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

coun

t

channel

BGO APD(Gain100,-15deg) -> HICPreAmp [ADC128S102,pocketMCA] RI:137Cs 10min Histogram

ADC128S102 No FilterADC128S102 FIR2bitADC128S102 FIR8bit

Ortec Shaper τ = 0.5 usecOrtec Shaper τ = 1 usecOrtec Shaper τ = 2 usec

100

1000

5 10 15 20 25 30

4.66: BGO+APD(Gain100,-15 V ) ADC128S102 &TO'1- FPGA "MBU ,Õ 137Cs AV+E ÙZ ~ &D ¡ W Ø FÆ d/, FPGA X'wøYOZ\[ Ø FÆ Ä FIR Ozuv @ç±%- 241Am 137Cs Ä ` Ñ"] Ï_^ u [ Å 20 `a 15 bwç<ödcO' Ñ] Ï_^ u [&%e H f5-'aç`±.-

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Shaper &z Õ PocketMCA t ¨ Z v 8F ¡ l 60 keV 662 keV 1"Z l ¨ IB/ Ä Å#Æ*û+ z 6 .23&%e H f5-'3BrF@ Ñ ]Ï#^Y[5 . `3 Æ*û+ "5@ÅcO' ±5-'3Å"l\p:Ý PocketMCA ¨ IBz Y¥@Å Õ l¡ ¢ £`f¤'¥ PocketMCA 1£L¦B§1¨ 6©ª "« ] ¬& 0 V ­Xl 0 V `a511S&5B~­5-S­.-B'¥ ADC128S102.®x£l ª « ] & ¨ Z3X¯° Õ± B¥²­lF³W­z-&/´Fµ¶O Õ l 9 ª: 5@Å·¸ © PocketMCA 2 ¹\z¤B5¥<ç`±.- Ñ] Ï_^º[Y5& » © "¶O Õ £l¼( 3&/½'c1"Z¾ é × Æ é ¼ &/¿u¶.ÀÁLÅ3kB¥

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100

gain

f0

0 fcL fcH

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gain

f0

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gain

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gain

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Pass Reject

1 1

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l D@'0b@~p Low Pass Filter¸ Á0§"Â

In Out

FA.2:

b@~pLow Pass Filter

DCE vw@¸ Øhi (R) tjCl ( l D (C) _ ¸x By f §!zz (time constant)

c A.1

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@ Ø! A.2<|7> ò §"Â

dEout

dt+

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Ein= |A| sin(2πft + θ) (A.3)

101

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√

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1

2πτ

t ò §"Â A.3| f f2

ò y |A| ' 0 t ò f f2

ò y |A| ' 1 t LPF¸ Á§<ts ® @§G " L± C=500 pF R=500 Ω t ½ g)@*@ f2 = 637 kHz

¬z ¸ :<;=s1/

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>V½ g!)* +d>| §& ¬z0ü:;= cFA.3>& °§"Â

0.01

0.1

1

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

Analog LPF Frequency Responce [C=500p,R=500]

FA.3:

FA.2># C=500 pF R=500 Ω &)* ¬z ¡

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102

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Pass¨C ©E #'ÚÛ@¢!Õ x[n] [! tu<ÚÛ y[n] [ w tu<ÚÛ@¢!Õ n [ Fy) Ô

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Z-1x[n]

y[n]

12

A.4:

J_C 1|E© ¨'C ©E # : ¯' ¨'C ©E

A.4 y° « tu x[n] w« tu y[n] y 2 ¦ ª J_C 1|E© tu GH T x¢ GH'±² y) Ô ³ ÚÛ@¢´ý ±µ ³ (differential equation) T¶ ¸ P p|q@ ³ A.4 T^¢!Õ

y[n] =1

2(x[n] + x[n − 1]) (A.4)

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¢!Õ¹+ ¨'C ©E y)Ã':T! 2BÔ I A.5

A.6 ÚÛ@¢!Õ¹D[ ½_ÄÅƽ_Ä#Ç 2010

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103

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

01/01 02/01 03/01 04/01 05/01 06/01 07/01 08/01 09/01 10/01 11/01 12/01 01/01 02/01

tem

pera

ture

Date

2010 Higashi-Hiroshima City Temperature [Hour]

A.5: 2010 % ƽ_Ä#Ç Ê = (1

Y/1 F ) [32]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

01/01 02/01 03/01 04/01 05/01 06/01 07/01 08/01 09/01 10/01 11/01 12/01 01/01

tem

pera

ture

2010 Higashi-Hiroshima City Temperature [Ave. Day]

A.6: 2010 % ƽ_Ä#Ç #Ê = (1 ¿X )

A.2Ü ÝßÞáàãâåäçæ èéÜ ÝßÞáàãâëêìÝíâîà

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¬ |ªFtu (discrete signal) T^¸9» ^ ú TÂ ª'Q (quantization)

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¡y A.7 TE P

Time Time

Amplitude Amplitude

Analog Signal AD Converter

A.7: ÿ0 tuF AD >FD

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104

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Z-1

x[n] ax[n]a

x1[n]

x1[n]

x[n]

x2[n]

x2[n]

x1[n] + x2[n]

x1[n] - x2[n]

x[n-1]

A.8:

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Z-1x[n]

y[n]

12

´A.9: ·' ý ü R ´ (

´A.4)

¹ ´ ?¶Â § ´Z ±µ ³ (A.5) E ¬9¹ þ R ´ #"Fþ

y[n] =1

2(x[n] + x[n − 1]) (A.5)

105

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ÎÏ Ä ³ 7Ð ¹ÑÒ þ Ó Ô ¯ x[n] Õ0 ¹!¯ Z >c¸ Ç ¯ X(z)Ä ÖÕÐ À n < 0 × Ò Ñ

x[n] = 0 ØÙÕ?ÚÛ%µ#¶Ü A.6¯<Ý ¸

X(z) =

∞∑

n=0

x[n]z−n (A.6)

Þ AÜ ¯ X(z) = Z x[n] ß Þ ÄÇ "þ X(z) z z = exp(iωT )Ä ×à ÕCá0 ω = 2πf Õ

T = 1/fsÄ ×%à þ fs I,âJ4Kâã<H ' X(z) H ' f ä<'0#"Fþ Ä ZåDþ ÞÞ x[n-1] Ó?Ô ¯ Z ?> Ñ æ þ x[n-1] ÓÔ ¯ Z >¸ Ç ¯ X’(z)

Ä Dþ Ä µ¶ç#è þ

X ′(z) =

∞∑

n=0

x[n − 1]z−n

= x[−1] + x[0]z−1 + x[1]z−2 + x[2]z−3...

= x[−1] +∞∑

n=0

x[n]z−n−1

=

(

∞∑

n=0

x[n]z−n

)

z−1

= X(z)z−1

(A.7)

n < 0 x[n]=0 "þ Þ Ä éê%Dþ Þ ¹ %ç$ Ñ x[n-1] Z ?>! X(z)z−1Ä × + Þ Äë V þ Þ ¹ ì#Ûí ¹ ¸6ÓÔ x[n-1] ØÙ Ã ë Õì?î#ïc6¸ x[n-k] × ÒÑ Çð DF6> ëñò #"Fþ x[n-k] Z >Ü ¯ µ#¶Ü A.8 ¤%¥_þ

Xk(z) =

∞∑

n=0

x[n − k]z−n

= X(z)z−k

(A.8)

Þ Z >Fó ¯<ô ¢þ Ä Ü A.5¯

Z >þ Ä V õFö#÷è<ø!ùÛ Ü A.5¯

Z >c¸ Ç ¯ Ü A.9 E

Y (z) =1

2

(

X(z) + X(z)z−1)

=1

2(1 + z−1)X(z)

(A.9)

1 úCû.üÖýÿþ n < 0 x[n] = 0 ! "$#% Z &' þ( *)+ Z &' ý, -./ 0*1+ Z &'!32 *4%54,067 . 98 þ*:;5<ÿý*=?> / @-X(z) =

∞X

n=−∞

x[n]z−n

106

X(z) !ACBÓ#ÔW%H'#Z ¯ ß Ñ ×ED Õ Y(z) ² B%Z4 ¹4¯ ß ÑÒ þ Û 3 D Õ#GFIHWKJ ¯ML!¹ON %n¸ M0PRQ P* GS%H'% ¯?TVU Þ Ä ë VWU Þ H(z) = Y(z)/X(z)

Ä ÖÕ Þ H(z)¯ Ü (A.9) YX Ñ [Z U Ä Ü (A.10)

Ä< U

H(z) =Y (z)

X(z)=

1

2(1 + z−1) (A.10)

Þ0\H(z)

¯9]_^ ä' (transfer function)ÄA

Z `?> \ (_a,ç D z = exp(iωT )Ä × + Ä Õ ]^ ä<'FÜ (A.12)

Ä< U

H(ω) =1

2(1 + exp(−iωT )) (A.11)

Þ0\ ]_^ ä' \Mb ced'" U ]K^ ä'! A ² B \fhg JMi# U S H?'? (fhg )Ä Õ[A ² B \?jek[l ?i% U SH ' (

jek )\ ÚÛ \?m[n ¯ Û_o fpg ! ][^ ä<' \q i b ?ierÖÕ jek !?set!?ier% U o4ç?$ ÑG][^ ä<'F?u \ çè< Çwv à U o

H(ω) = |H(ω)| exp(iθ(ω)) (A.12)

Þ Þx 9 fIg ? ë N O \!x Õ fIg ¯ S H?' Ä Ñ0y èo Þ0\Mz ·e!| Q PF\ SH '!!h~%ʨ \? Üh_et \? Ü ¯ ¢ Ò Ñ µ#¶ \ çè< U o

|H(ω)| =1

2|(1 + exp(−iωT ))|

=1

2|1 + cos(ωT ) − i sin(ωT )|

=1

2

√

1 + cos(ωT )2 + sin(ωT )2

=

√2

2

√

1 + cos(ωT )

=1

2

sin(ωT )

sin(ωT2

)

(A.13)

É x! ¸!ç!è ωT = 2πf/fs \[x IkâJ*Kâ ãMSH' fs

¯M Z ¹N]W^ ä' \ q i b ÜA.13 å$S H?' ë Z%å U o fs

¯1MHz

ÄK Ñ S H?'? ¯ Z Ñ J[%R0S ¸ Ç \ ë ´ A.10x " U o Þ\ ´ åV z ·W_| Q PL LPFÄ Ò è Þ Ä ë ([ Zå U o 3 ¸ÚW \ _| ¯9LU Õ Ä Ò è Þ?\ Q PF _Æ x 6IWâJFK6âã9S H' Äð öS?H?' \M[hx å0[ ë Ò ç%è

Ç / U ë Õ ´ A.10¯U Ä Ñ \?[x _ å \ e ë " U Þ Ä ë Zå U o

107

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

RunningAverageFilter FrequencyResponce [Tap=1,fs=1MHz]

´A.10:

z ·W_| Q PL SH ' (Tap=1,fs = 1MHz)

µÉ ë z ·eK| Q PF ×#à U %R ´ å$S H?' 3 x ¯±L² U9[ xY U o Þ0\ D R ´ Ð6/ZåC ÑÒ¹pNMT UK¡ D Ñ \ Q PL Çw¢ r x VKU o HPFxh U l ZQ PL Õ_£ fW¤ \G¥K¦ Ç \ åV FIR(Finite Implulse Response)

Q PL Ä Ò ¸?ce§ Q PL 3 x SH[¨ ¯9 Z U £e© Ä ªI« U o

A.3¬ ­¯®±°³²µ´¶­·²¸°º¹¼»

Þ Þx <í[½ ¤ ľ ¥ ?¿ ¨ \ æ xÀ[Á Ð ¹U £_Âà Q[ÄPOÅ \MÆ[Ç Ä ]_^ ä9¨Õ?S[È_¨eÉ_ʯ9 Z U o

A.3.1 ËEÌÎÍÐÏÒÑÔÓCÕ×Ö (LPF)

z ·W_| QeÄPÅ!ØMÙOÚÛ Z¸0çèÜ LPFxh U o ´ A.9 Ü U çèÜíe½ ¤\ ¨ ë 1 Ý \

ØÙ ÃFÄ Þ ~YßËEàS[È_¨[áãâä xY\M_ Øå[æIçpU ç%èè Ç \ à ë Õ Þ?Þx Ø ç D ìîï ¸ Ç\hé L D y èoZ-1x[n]

y[n]

Z-1

1M+1

Z-1

êA.11:

zeë _| QWÄPÅ \ ìîOÃ[èhìeCíî êÞ\ ìeCíî ê åVï ê \ [¨Wð é _| çUWQWÄPÅ xh U Ä ðå U o Þ\ íe½ ¤\ ¨ é M

ÄçU Ä l ð eñ Ü ØGòhó \ Ü A.14 Ü[è U o

108

y[n] =1

M + 1

M∑

m=0

x[n − m] (A.14)

ÞG\ Ü é Z `Wô Ñ!]e^ ä¨ é ZhõCö \ ÷ SYÈe¨YÉWÊ é9øù õCö \ ë u \ ç0èèÜ A.15 ÕA.16 Ü[è U o

H(z) =1

M + 1

M∑

m=0

z−m (A.15)

|H(ω)| =1

M + 1

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

sin(

M+1

2ωT)

sin(

ωT2

)

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

(A.16)

ÞG\ SWÈe¨YÉWÊÜåúÐWû Ú Û ÷ ð öç0èÜ0SWÈW¨YÉWÊ é íY½ ¤ ¨YüÜhýYCíà õCö \ ë êA.12

xh U o Þþ ö fs = 1MHz÷ Ñ ýeCíà ÑÒIU o

0.01

0.1

1

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

RunningAverageFilter FrequencyResponce [fs=1MHz]

Tap=1Tap=2Tap=3Tap=4

êA.12: ìîOÃ[è zeë _| QWÄPÅ SeÈ[¨WÉeÊ (fs = 1MHz)

í[½ ¤ ¨ ë0ÿ « U ÜÛ þ Ñ0å[æhçpU _ Ü ¡ ë å åI ÑÒYU \ ë ð%å U o å Õ ¥!¦ è Dxpx û U ÷ Ò èíCà ë U ì Õí[½ ¤C\ ¨ xY\ æ åS[È_¨eÉ_ÊCÜM` ï é « þ è Ò\Kx Ü [Ré ` á çU Õ ÷ Ò è ÞI÷ Ø Ò o « N ê A.12 åV Ø Õ 300kHzé SeÈ[¨÷ çpU ÞY÷ Ø ÷ ð%å U oáCÜ U S[È Üpö0íMý P \ ç%èèö \ ë þ U õ

ZÕ! þ ë"$#&%&')(+*&, è \ å Û èå é T !õ ( x y è.-/ ë U o

A.3.2 021 ÑÔÓÕ×Ö (HPF)

l ð QWÄP Å ö zWë [| QWÄP Å ÷ ð34 ¥_¦ è56è ë .78 ë QWÄPRÅ xI U o l ðQWÄPÅ \ ìeCíî ê é òhó \ ê A.13 Ü9: U o

109

Z-1

x[n]

y[n]

-1

Z-1

Z-1

êA.13:

l ð QWÄPÅ \ ìîOÃ[èhìeCíî êÞ0\ ê åR$ð%å U ç#è9Ü 4 &;C\<>= ÷ 4 æ>? \<>=\l ð é LU ç%èèö \÷ èh & U o \ õ_Z?`?ï ë ä D è <>=\ ØÙ Ø l ð>@>8 ë 0 Üá&ARû 4B ÜM` ï ëC û <>=\ ØÙ Ø l ð

@>8 ëC û b ÷ è U o \ õ_Z l ð Q[Ä9PÅGØ QD íà$E[S[È <>=é+F íCà G4 S[È <>=éIH æKJ : U High Pass Filter(HPF)÷ è U o l ð Q[Ä9PÅ \ ì[Ií?î ê åR l ð [ñ Ü é Z U÷ òhó \ Ü A.17 Ü[è U o

y[n] = x[n] − x[n − M ] (A.17)

MØ zeë _| QWÄPÅL ð3)4 íe½ ¤\ ¨ xh U o Þ\Ml ð eñ Ü é Z `[ô M4 ][^ ä¨ ÷ S

È[¨WÉeÊ é Z U ÷ u \ çè9èÜ A.184

A.19 Ü[è U o

H(z) = 1− z−M (A.18)

|H(ω)| = 2

∣

∣

∣

∣

sinMωT

2

∣

∣

∣

∣

(A.19)

Þ\ SeÈ[¨WÉeÊ Ü é ö ÷ Üíe½ ¤ ¨WüCÜ ê Üß õö \ ë òhó \ ê A.14xh U o>N,âGýOâã

SeÈ[¨ é fs = 1MHz÷ M4 íe½ ¤ ¨ é 4 Pä xRQ õS)T é ýeCíà ) U o

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

DifferenceFilter FrequencyResponce [fs=1MHz]

Tap=1Tap=2Tap=3Tap=4

êA.14: URVOÃ[è l ð QWÄPÅ SeÈ[¨WÉeÊ (fs = 1MHz)

110

WX Q \ ç!JY $i_¨ x Ø èVâ 4Z>[ WX Q éQ >& U o\[½ ¤ ¨CÜ]IG^[ QD íCà (0

Hz)é_a` EYSWÈ eé>F íà Ub ÷ Y l ð QWÄPRÅ!Ø HPF

xI U ÷ ð YU o Y 4b \ Q_Ä9POÅ ö z[ë K| Q_Ä9POÅc 3&4 ¥!¦ è Q[ÄPOÅ è \!xd ç íCàfe U e 4 SÈe¨hÉWÊ Ø \W½ ¤ ¨Ü \g Üh)i j U \_xK $ Ü0SeÈe¨YÉeÊ é ` « U ÷ Kklam Ü Ø Y è oIäKõ 4 l ð \ É_Ê ( 4Rn \ È [ é ÿ ð çojb ÷ ö o \Gx \ CÜIöMp>q ço ->/e o o êA.14 Ü o ] k Ü 4 \[½ ¤ar ¨Ü]G Ø ¥!¦ è HPF

x Ø èVâ 4st rH æ e ùu ä[ ä k b ÷ ö o o zeë _|v ÄwÅ+c 3)4>x Üpq ço -/e oy

A.3.3 z|~\[½& r÷[ø r 6T:IÜ] 4 É_È_¨ é o é Á çojb ÷ öG&) oy ê

A.15 Ü & r ì&Cíî ê é 9 çoy

Z-1

x[n] y[n]

a1

Z-1

a2

1-a1-a2

êA.15:

& ì&Cíî ê ë&R v ÄwÅ$ ðv ÄwOÅ ÷O v Ä| íMîei ; çoyKb þ Ü]*É r _È>é | ( : çaob ÷ ) é& çoy0òpó r A.20 Ü ð¡ ñ é 9 çaoy a1

÷a2Ø ìIí?î ê Ü+¢ m o [øar ¿ !£$e 4 A.21 Ü> o ] k Ü r > [È> F0

4 r¤>¥¦

B0

Y¨§ª© ø çob ÷ e)j oy

y[n] = a1y[n − 1] + a2y[n − 2] + (1 − a1 − a2)x[n] (A.20)

a1 = 2 exp(−πB0T ) cos(2πF0T )

a2 = − exp(−2πB0T )(A.21)

«>¬­ ÷ [È>eÉ_Ê éI A.22÷

A.23 Ü 9 çoy äKõ b þ Ü] _È>eÉ[Ê é ýIíà?õö rhé ê A.16 Ü 9 çoy¨b þ Ø& eÈ F0

é NK®GýO® W eÈ r 1/6(b r S)T 167

kHz) Ü! 4 ¤¥ ¦ B0

é¯ « ý&Cíà ) oy

H(z) =1 − a1 − a2

1 − a1z−1 − a2z−2(A.22)

|H(ω)| =|1 − a1 − a2|

√

1 + a12 + a2

2 + 2a1(a2 − 1) cos(ωT )− 2a2 cos(2ωT )(A.23)

111

0.1

1

10

100

1000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

Resonator FrequencyResponce [fs=1MHz,F0=fs/6]

fs / 10fs / 50

fs / 100fs / 1000

êA.16:

& r eÈWÉeÊ (fs = 1MHz, F0 = fs/6)

A.3.4 °²±a³ ´wÑÔÓCÕ×Ö\e½) r÷.eø r 6&Tj:pÜ]! 4 & ÷ Ø B Ü?É&&eÈ éµj o v ÄwÅ ( ¶IíM·av ÄwÅ)é Á çob ÷ öM)j oy ê A.17 ÜYì&Cíî ê é 9 çoy

Z-1

x[n] y[n]

a1

Z-1

a2

b1

c0

êA.17: ¶píI·av ÄwÅ ì&Cíî ê

òhó r A.24 Ü ð&¡ ñ Ré 9 çoy a1

÷a2

4b1

4c0

Ø ì&Cíî ê ÜR¢ m o eør ¿ £e 4 & c 3 Ü A.25

Y¨§ ¶hí·av ÄwÅ r>¸ ? eÈ F0

4 ¶IíM·av ÄwÅ r¤¥ ¦ B0

Y¨§© ø çob ÷ e)j oy

y[n] = a1y[n − 1] + a2y[n − 2] + c0(x[n] + b1x[n − 1] + x[n − 2]) (A.24)

112

a1 = 2 exp(−πB0T ) cos(2πF0T )

a2 = − exp(−2πB0T )

b1 = −2 cos(2πF0T )

c0 =1 − a1 − a2

2 + b1

(A.25)

«&¬K­ ÷ WÈ)YÉWÊ é A.26÷ª

A.27 Ü 9 çaoy ä[õ b þ Üa] WÈ&hÉWÊ é ý)íà?õö rhé ê A.18 Ü 9 çoyKb þ Ø ¶píI·av ÄwÅ r>¸ ? eÈ F0

é NK®GýO® W eÈr1/6(

b r S)T 167 kHz) Ü! 4 ¤¥ ¦ B0

鯹 ý&Cíà ) oy

H(z) =c0(1 + b1z

−1 + z−2)

1 − a1z−1 − a2z−2(A.26)

|H(ω)| =|c0

22 + b21 + 4b1 cos(ωT ) + 2 cos(2ωT )|

√

1 + a12 + a2

2 + 2a1(a2 − 1) cos(ωT )− 2a2 cos(2ωT )(A.27)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

Notch Frequency Responce [fs=1MHz,F0=fs/6]

B0=fs/10B0=fs/50

B0=fs/100B0=fs/1000

êA.18: ¶píI·av ÄwÅ r eÈWÉeÊ (fs = 1MHz, F0 = fs/6)

A.4 FIR´»º·²¸°

ë>$ v ÄGwCÅ ðv ÄGwCÅØ \_½ ÷½¼Kø r ¾)¾ è6>T&:j£ õKõ ¿ vVàGÀÁ 4ªÃ À+Á+ÂRÄ l ^ Á e ,&Å K 4Æ>Ç öÉÈÜÊ ¹ õ+e 4 Ü[È>eÉ_Ê éË § þ è 4$Ì&ÍÎ e Ú ÷MÏ Û Ê ¹ è ÷ b+Ð e &Ñ õ yÒ r v ÄwÅ é 6 g T l : ojb ÷ [È>eÉ_ÊCÜ Ó éa¹ ob ÷ öM)j o e 4 FPGArÔÕ # ÅÖ é× ¯Ø ço £ m þ e+ÙjÚ J þo ö rhé Ûõ y b ÜÞÝ Ø ïq r eÈWÉeÊ éß ob ÷ e ùu o FIR v ÄwÅ éQ ob÷ Ü!?õ y

113

A.4.1 FIR ÑÔÓÕÔÖv Äw Å r ÉWÊ é Íà o õ Ü 4 v Äw Å Ü)á®Iâ w # <&= δ[n]

éãä rå)æRé$g o STe oy þé v ÄIwOÅ r áa®Gâ w # åæ (impulse response)

÷ k y áa®Mâ w # <>= ØòWó r (A.28) ç J þ oy

δ[n] =

1 n = 0

0 n 6= 0(A.28)

PpäO 4 oèé Ü 1÷ k <>= éãä rå>æéê o ÷ k ö r ) oy!b r áa®Mâ w #å&æ Ü] o ùäR<=Ré h[n]÷ çoy!b r

h[n]Ø

1÷ Kk á!®â w # <=Réãjä ?õ ÷ û rWùä

o e 4>ë Ü ãä><)=é x[n] Üõ ÷ û!Ü Û k è o$Y)ì ¹ oyLé nr ÷ û rãä><&= Ø x[n]

4b r÷ û rYùäR<= Ø ); ä+ rãäR<>= x[n]|n=0,1...n

r á!®â w # å&æ!ríÐ÷ è oy0ç è laî4 (A.29)

÷ è oy

y[n] =

n∑

m=0

h[n − m] · x[m] = h[n] ∗ x[n] (A.29)

b þ Øm = 0

r÷ û rãä+<>= x[0] Ü] o á®Mâ w # å>æ eïð n Ü ¹ oñò 4 m = 1rO÷

û rãä><&= x[1] Üa] oñ)ò 4ó ÷Gãä><&=rô ï!ðe ¹ oñ)ò éõ GT l :põCö r e$ï!ð n

rYùäR<= y[n] Ü[è ) o ÷ Kk.ö&÷ j oy ∗ Øb r ∑ Réø[ø çù?õö r 4ú gûg+øWø(convolution)

÷ ük yOb ry[n]

éZ¯ ô çao ÷ 4 Z

¯ ô rý)þ Yÿ§ 4 (A.30)r ] k Ü

è oy

Z y[n] = Z h[n] ∗ x[n] = Z h[n] · Z x[n] (A.30)«¬O­ r H [z]éQ o ÷ 4

A.31r ] k Ü[è oy

H(z) =Z y[n]Z x[n] = Z h[n] (A.31)

Pä 4 á!®â w # å&æ h[n]r

z¯ ôe «¬O­ H(z)( ä_õ Ø H(z)

r Bz¯ ôe h[n]

÷ è oyb r áa®Gâ w # åæ h[n] e L)é Ü 0 Ü_è oY 4 k Wè Y r v w Üð m ojb÷ e ùu oy þþr v w é FIR(finite impulse response) v w 4 IIR(infinite impulse

response) v w ÷ y þ0þré «>¬­ ço ÷ 4 FIR v w z−1r!

4IIR v w z−1 " ­ ço # ­ ÷%$ ) oy r õ 4 IIR v w |H(z)| e&

" $ o ý ej¨ 4'( " $ o S)Tej oy!) v w r+* ¾ $ !-,ç A.1 "/.0 y

114

Filter Name FIR v w IIR v wá!®â w # å&æ12 Lé 3 &34 ¡5 y[n] =

M∑

m=0

hmx[n − m] y[n] =

M∑

m=1

amy[n − m] +

K∑

k=0

bkx[n − k]

«¬O­ H(z) =M∑

m=0

hmz−m H(z) =

K∑

k=0

bkz−k

1−M∑

m=1

amz−m

ç A.1: FIR v w ÷ IIR v w r !6 Õ w v w7 , 0 o ( 489 ¥ Yü§ ¸ ? ¥:r+; ( o r B ) e#=<vw r ] k "/>?=" $ § $ b=@ e oybA #<v w eB&+C r \D&,EjP bF@ "=G uIHJ oYK§ o e 4 IIR v w K ×$ J\D&+L 4 >? $ M> ý ,EP bF@ e& oy Y ON IIR v w 9P r/QR ,v |TS+U 0 o!V øWX eY-Z[ ç Ao ý eK\N] V k ]7[_^ l $ J @/` äQR eBa IH] k bF@ e oy Ü~Ý %bc N >?$+; ¥ +def@ %HJ $ J r b&b ^3J 0 J FIR v w "g JHBh à oyij K $ FIR

r 4 ¡5 Nj¢]k «¬O­ r URV [ A.32 N A.33 j oy

y[n] =

M∑

m=0

hmx[n − m] (A.32)

H(z) =

M∑

m=0

hmz−m (A.33)

b r ,lm^+N à ù K " \!DN%n ¦ rIo ð, ¯¹ ob@ " ] HBNpq [ (direct form) Nr ð [ (transposed form) N 12s (cascade form) Ntu [ (lattice form)$ vr/wx , ß ojbF@ e` u o e!N wx eyz * ¾ o pq [ ,/|J ob@ "0 oy FIR v w7 pq [ rF SBU~

,+F r ~ A.19 "/.0 y

Z-1x[n]

y[n]

h0 h1 hM

Z-1

h2

Z-1

~A.19: FIR v w SBU~ ( p+q [ )

b r ] k " FIR v w \D) @ N ô \D r+QR "/ g , Y m N Aÿ§ ,% x V zr j oy r g hm(m = 0, 1, · · · , M) ,&v wI @ kBN FIR v w M &ý, Ë 0 o e $ uj oy

115

hm =

1/2 m = 0, 1

0 m 6= 0, 1(A.34)

@ 7, Ë 0 A~ A.9 " o \D&>e 1r R v w S/UB~ , b 3ZN] V

hm =

1 m = 0

−1 m = M ′

0 m 6= 0, M ′

(A.35)

@ , Ë A=~ A.13 " oI4 v w , b Z oy g ] $ v w z 4 vw z FIR v w r Uj oyR > v w@.4 v w \D) r ù Y ¯Ø Z$ Y V eN FIR v w A " ¼¹ Hv w e ¯>Ø $ V N Y $ B G $ M> ý , @ob@ eZ oy ¹ FIR v w ,/|J A~ A.20r ] k $+ 9 ¥ ,IE g BPF

z x )j oyOb%A 100 - 300 kHz , 9 0 o v w NR\D) 1024 j oy

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

FIR Band Pass Filter [100-300 kHz] (fs=1.17 MHz)

Tap=1024

~A.20: FIR BandPassFilter (

9 ¥100 - 300 kHz,fs = 1.17MHz)

A.4.2 FIR T- FIR v w G $ MR ý , ß ¡F¢ @£` u ¡ @ 7m A ¡ £ N $ v w $4v w @ Hv w 7, Ë=¡ de£ ¡ y ¤ V ¥ D&>7,%¦ g§g ¯¹ H ô ݨ¤M> ý , Í)à ¡ N @ J-©I£ª+ $ [«N ô¬ I­ 7, ¯¹ V@ ZB¤MR ý z Í&à ¡ de£ ¡ y FIR

¬ ­ ¤ «¬O­ ® § M &ý ,I¯ F¡ @ F=¤ A.36 ¤°© " $F¡ y

|H(ω)| =

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

M∑

m=0

hmz−m

∣

∣

∣

∣

∣

=

√

√

√

√

(

M∑

m=0

hm cos(mωT )

)2

+

(

M∑

m=0

hm sin(mωT )

)2(A.36)

116

¢ ¤ ® §±4 ® ¡ °© " N ¥ D ¤ (M) £FªR $ [\N ô-¬ ­ % (hm) " z G Ó £ ¡ y ¥ D&>N ¬ ­ 3¤/²=³ & "´ Jµ v [ $ «N @ Hz $ J £ ¦ g§g §¶· " Íjà ¡ @ J¸©º¹3ª " J® $ J y ¬ ­ £ H$=M& )ý £ Ë 0 ¡ ¤ $[\N»¼ ¤M &ý £ H A "+½0 ¡¬ ­ I -, Ë 0 ¡ °© "0 ¡ y ¢¢ LPF

, FIR¬ ­ x 0 ¡ ]+F¤¡¾7, @ %H¿3À 0 ¡ y

#< LPF!~

A.21@ $=¡ y+Á MR ωc =¤M> ¦ £ 1 ¤ 89 ¥ @ $ \N ωc à N!Äá=ÅÆÈÇ M> (ωs/2) ] j¦ 0 ¤ ¸ P ¥ @ $=¡/É G(exp(iωT )

Ê "Ë ¹=¡ #<3¤M &ý @ %H+Ìù%HJ ¡+É «¬O­ H(ω)

@%Í Î ¼ ÏR ¡ £ N H(ω) ¬ ­ £

HN ¬ ­ I =N ¥ D)® § ¯ V+ÐÑf@ %HF¤M &ý @ %HÒ/Óÿ%HJ ¡+É

ωc

G(exp(iωT ))

ωs/2

0f

1

~A.21: #<K $ Low Pass Filter

¢ ¤M &ý , "0 ¡ @ F=¤ A.37 " $F¡+É

G(eiωT ) =

1 |ω| < ωc

0 ωc < |ω| < ωs/2(A.37)

¢¢ FIR¬ I­ ¤M> ý @ ¬ I­ A.33 ,IÔ V 0 É¢ ¤ ÕÖ ¬ 7×OØ ¯Ù ¤ÚÛ ¡ Z¯ Ù

A.8 ¤ @Ü [ÞÝHJ ¡ ¤$N A.33 z Z¯ Ù Í+ß N ¬ 7×OØ ¯ Ù @ ¶$ 0 ¢ @º£ 3Z ¡/É #< ¬ I­ &+C¤ ¥ D&,E î Nm § " 9P ® §àá ]=¤âH=¤ QR"½ H ¬ ­ % £ Ë ] H=J ¡ @ 0 ¡ (n = −∞, · · · ,−2,−1, 0, 1, 2, · · · , +∞)

@ ¢ ¤+#F<LPF

@FIR

¬ ­ I ¤ ­ @ $F¡+É

G(eiωT ) =

∞∑

n=−∞

gnz−n (A.38)

gn

G(eiωT ) ,I b 0 ¡ V ¤N&3C¤ ¥ D) £ãc 0 ¡%ä ¤ ¬ ­ I @ 0 ¡+É¢ ¤ z = exp(iωT )

@ ON ¬ -×OØ ¯ Ù 0 ¡F¢ @ M> ý G(eiωT ) ® § ¬ ­ ,¯ =¡¢ @£`á ¡+ɬ ­ I £Bå 2æ j ¡ @ 0 ¡ @ ¤ ¬ ç×ºØ ¯ Ù ÐÑ A.39 " $F¡+É

gn =1

ωs

∫ ωs/2

−ωs/2

G(eiωT )exp(inωT )dω (A.39)

n = −∞, · · · ,−1, 0, 1, · · · , +∞

117

¢¢ ]+ âHF¤ FIR¬ ­ 8 ¤ j ¡+É¢ ¤ A.39 " LPF ¤/#< @ $F¡ M ý

A.37 ,Iè å m³ ¡+É$ A.37+é ­ @±ê ÿ%HJ ¡+É

gn =1

ωs

∫ ωs/2

−ωs/2

G(eiωT ) exp(inωT )dω

=1

ωs

∫ ωs/2

−ωs/2

G(eiωT ) (cos(nωT ) − i sin(nωT )) dω

=1

ωs

∫ ωs/2

−ωs/2

G(eiωT ) cos(nωT )dω − i

ωs

∫ ωs/2

−ωs/2

G(eiωT ) sin(nωT )dω

=2

ωs

∫ ωs/2

0

G(eiωT ) cos(nωT )dω − 0

=1

nπsin

(

2nπωc

ωs

)

n = −∞, · · · ,−1, 0, 1, · · · , +∞

(A.40)

¢ ¤ A.40 ¤ ÐÑ ® §¨4 ® ¡ 8 «N ~ A.21 ,+ëâ " b 0 ¡ " &3BC¤ ¥ D £de " $¡ V bì K " x Z $ J É %®OºN A.40 ® § |n|£ n ¹ HJ[ "g A N ¤ ¬ ­ I

Ö gn

0 "/´í ZINâîByTzYçZJ Ö@ ! 0 ¡ @ &ïZ ¡ Ö " $F¡/É ¢ j ¡ð¥ ¦

(|n| < L) ,Fz H ¬ ­ ¤ -,IñòK " ËaF¡¢ @ "0 ¡+É¢ ¤ ð¥ Òóõô AV ¬ ­ Iö , gn

@ 0 ¡+É!ð÷øù Òó ¡¢ @ ù bì K $ú¬ Çû!üý±N!þ3ÿû!üý " ì 0 ¡¢@£ ù Z ¡ °© " $¡ £ NF¤ó Â4 ¤ ' å 2 m/®çô ¬ I­ ¤ øý " ×BS ­ £Î H]© É ¢%ù N3¤ ×BS ­, ù z 0 ¡ °© "B0 ¡ V N ö (window function)

@ J©Bz¤=,%|FJ ¡/É3¢ A ¤ ' å 2 4 , $=¡ [ôº® "0 ¡ °© " ô AFV z¤ ù N ×BS­¤ " YçZ [! 0 ¡+É Ã ¤",] @# ¡ @I~ A.22 ¤°© " $F¡+É

n-> Infinity<- Infinity

g[n]

nL-L

g[n]~

x

n

window function

nL-L

h[n]

filter coefficient

~A.22: FIR

¬ ­ Iöf@ öf@ ¤$ % ö °'&_#<3K $F¬ ­ ,I x 0 ¡ à ù e ù$(¡ £ N% ö !¤z¤¤ ß)+*-,.

118

mN3] V APDQR ¤ 6 ÿ$/10# "2 JH #<K $F¬3 ­/¤E g>? $+;4÷ £ JF]¤ @ ¢5de $ J ¢ @ , 76 IHN98;: < |= $ J ¢ @> IHJ ¡É I®% de> $$? V @ IHz ¬@3 ­/ ö£ ö , 96 V+4AB 0 ¡C ª@DF¤ ù óE !FGIH ù!(F¡+É ° ? H98 F hn = gn

@%H ¬I3 ­/ ö ,#Jò 0 ¡+É

hn =1

nπsin

(

2nπωc

ωs

)

(A.41)

n = −L, · · · ,−1, 0, 1, · · · , +L

FIR¬3 ­%/¤ !ö hn

F ~ A.19 ¤°© > N n = 0, · · · , M@ J HJ ¡/É I®%ON ¢¢%ù ¯ V ¬I3 ­=/ ö hn

F n ¤KL £ n = −L, · · · , 0, · · · , +L@

n < 0> 2 JH ö$M=N E g ¢ @>D ¡/É¢ A F `O QR £7PIO QR °'&zRQ >` HZ/H]© ¢ @#> D&\N ÑSN Ô V mDJ É ¢

¤]] ù F °3[RDJ¤ ù¬3 ­%/ öN 0 ÃI>T ¬ ÇVU ¡ de£ (¡É yW3K > ¬@3 ­%/ !ö Fhn(n = 0, · · · , +2L)

@ D ¡+É¢¢/ùB¥ DIX ö£ 8 C¤ @ Z @ 512 C¤ @ Z ù LPF ¤YM öIZ)> v ¤°©D[3J £ (¡ ¤!®NB~I> H ¶ ¡/ɬ3 ­/ öM F J § A z 220 ¤\] N E g9^ ö ¤ V@ N öM'> ° ¡ YM öZ) ¤ AB F DJ @ I ¡+ɬI3 ­/ ö=N#_a`O~$> V zB¤ £~ A.23ù!(=¡+É

0 100 200 300 400 500 600-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8Tap=512

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

valu

e

FIR LPF Coefficient

Tap=8

~A.23: FIR LPF

¥b X¤ ö=N#A Vc Z¤YM öIZ)¥b X ö£ 8 d3¤z¤ Fe £f ù 512 d3¤z+¤ Fg@h D$ij ¬ > D ? HJ ¡F¢ c£ ¹® ¡/É¢ ¤¬I3 ­/ öc Nk A.36

Nlm> YM öIZ)nN ¯ V zB¤ £~ A.24ù!(=¡+ÉIoqp 7× p i#YM öN

1MHz N ÁÂ YM ö=N 300kHzc #r x V É

119

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

FIR Filter -LPF(Cut 300 kHz)- FrequencyResponce [fs=1.17MHz]

Tap=8Tap=512

Ideal

~A.24: FIR LPF

¥b X¤ ö=N#A Vc Z¤YM öIZ) (fs = 1.17MHz)

s3£ ¥Ib X ö 8ùt £ ¥Ib X ö 512 ¤ ä ù;(F¡É ] Vu$v%>w!x ¤YM ö!ZI) jy p zz³rI ¡+ÉTv| ôz LPF

c #r Fe > D ? rI ¡ £ N ¥b X ö£ 'DzB¤ F~ ÷ NI P ÷ > YZD ×S ­ £7 ô ] 4!÷ z; É > ½ R 512 d c D ¥b X N GH U@ #wx¬I3 ­/ c µ Í Î e > D ? rI ¡¢ c£ ¹=® ¡+É

A.5

FIR

FIR ¡ 3¢ / F$£¤ ¡ 3¢ /#¥ öqNAI¦ U'§;¨ c>© &ª«¬I­m® ù I¯°± b X ö'²³$ ù( ;´@¯$D!§Yµ öIZ)¶·¸ ù¹ §ºQ%»¼ FI£¤½¾ c #r LPFN·¸ ² %¨¨ ù F¡ 3¢ / ¤½¾%¿ DÀ ù!( § HPF BPF

N·¸ Um§ºA.5.1 HPFwIx ¿ D HPF F9Á!Â$¤ ©;à DYµ öIZ)nNÄ °@º

G(eiωT ) =

0 |ω| < ωc

1 ωc < |ω| < ωs/2(A.42)

¨ ¤ c ¹ ¡ 3¢ /¥ ö F k A.43N#Å Uºn¨ ¤ c ¹ ¤ Yµ öIZ)nN9Æ A.25

> zÇ'§ºhn =

− 1

nπsin

(

2nπωc

ωs

)

n 6= 0

1 − 2ωc

ωsn = 0

(A.43)

n = −L, · · · ,−1, 0, 1, · · · , +L

120

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

FIR Filter -HPF(Cut 250 kHz)- FrequencyResponce [fs=1.17MHz]

Tap=8Tap=512

Ideal

ÆA.25: FIR HPF ± b X ¤ ö=N#A c ¹ ¤ Yµ öIZ) (fs = 1.17MHz)

A.5.2 BPFwIx ¿ D BPF F9Á!Â$¤ ©;Ã DYµ öIZ)nNÄ °@ºG(eiωT ) =

0 |ω| < ωcL

1 ωcL < |ω| < ωcH

0 ωcH < |ω| < ωs/2

(A.44)

¨ ¤ c ¹ ¡ 3¢ /¥ ö F k A.45N#Å Uºn¨ ¤ c ¹ ¤ Yµ öIZ)nN9Æ A.26

>È Uºhn =

1

ωs

∫ ωs/2

−ωs/2

G(eiωT ) exp(inωT )dω

=1

nπ

sin

(

2nπωcH

ωs

)

− sin

(

2nπωcL

ωs

)

(A.45)

n = −L, · · · ,−1, 0, 1, · · · , +L

121

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Gai

n

Frequency [kHz]

FIR Filter -BPF(100-300 kHz)- FrequencyResponce [fs=1.17MHz]

Tap=8Tap=512

Ideal

ÆA.26: FIR BPF ± b X ¤ ö=N#A c ¹ ¤ Yµ öIZ) (fs = 1.17MHz)

122

É ÊB ADC128S102 Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ð Ñ ÒÓ Ô

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ü © § ADC128S102 [29]

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w3x $ú yP .!z S#| j i ü © §¡~ ¢ l .13@3#B # .032 ü #"%$%'& ¼ £¤= ú# ü §¯Q2g ý §ºm¨ ¤ ADC Board n§5% £ G2 ' IC ¹ § ©mà ü H F w3x $ú M ² .¨ ¤ LTspice ÷MCG´5st !#'n «;§C# ¤ x ü § ¤C1m§º@U3VW # #M ¤ ú #`1h%m`S ¹ ü ¼ ¤ ©!à %8=9ü! § ¤ ¯ K 15 II

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124

B.1.3 LTspice òçèëê ì ïqð! #"%$&('@;UAV%W C ô)Y Z[ LTspice 3\A]C^`_"a ÷ ù Sü H#I+* B.4 ô ü, . ïð 0G I M ÷- ü=6 7 üC+?y0G I M ÷ ù S ü þ ÷

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

Vol

tage

time

ADC128S102 TestBoard AnalogPart Waveform Simulation by LTSpice

VoutVin

*B.4: ADC Board @CUVW K )Y\]C^`_"ba ( é :Vin .ë :Vout)

+?@CBô5z (*

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-8

-6

-4

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0

2

4

6

volta

ge

time

OP-Amplifier InvertingAmplifier RinRf Resistor [Vdd=+5V]

Vin10 ohm1k ohm

100k ohm10M ohm

*B.5: ³ >9+2!ü ý x ÷ +?@CBô5z/GF)Y

125

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-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Gai

n [d

B]

Frequency [kHz]

ADC128S102 TestBoard AnalogPart FrequencyResponce Simulation by LTSpice

VoutVin

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126

*B.7: ADC Board

j1kl m K FADC CMOS(In/Out) [28]

ADC128S102 ;71-.G2 I RAS'T F; * üvr`ô * 4.48 ÷ 02 ùô;r Eagle  Â

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ç ôBª7«Í1ü@U3VW GND è ôB¬Í j ~ k%l m GND + ÷v­7®1B¯%o° 0G I M I±ÄÅ GND S³² ü HI M ÷ ÄÅ;´7µ 7£%÷=¨Po¶ M9· F¸ & | g H¹ ./ºµAô» Ã1ü¼ H#I ¹;R H#I M ÷ ü. 6 7 Ã%.ÄÅ%Ãü ¯ G £ M 9¤/n¹ I  ½¹ I M ÷9 Buffer ô >9+¾C +¿¹ I M £ MHÀ/Á j ~ kl m GND . 8#9+¾C +¿¹ I M £ MHÀ/Á open H¹ .`02 ADC ºí9ÃôÄÅ ¾C +¿¹Æ/Ç/£7Ç À/Á /ÈÉ1Ê/Ë GND Ì!Í;¹Æ ÜAô1À/ÁSÎ sFt ü ¾+£7ÇH H¹Æ/Ç1÷ ùô PCBE

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