1

GN ns/ gKv/ tjhnK L r[o{ ekb d/ fJfsjk;e ;o's ti'A :'rdkB

(frnkBh roik f;zx ih d/ B'N) ifszdo gkb f;zx

GN tjhnK pqkjwDK dhnK w[y r'sK d' jB^fJe r"V ns/ d{ih ;ko;[s, r"V pqkjwD finkdk so ;[o;sh Bdh d/ g[op fdPk tb gkJ/ iKd/ ;B ns/ ;ko;[s pqkjwD ;[o;sh s'A gSw tkbh soc ofjzd/ jB.fJj nkgD/ iiwkBK pko/ ghVQh do ghVQh t/otk fbyd/ nkJ/ jB.GN jo iiwkB se gj[zuD bJh x[zwd/ ofjzd/ ;B, T[BQK B{z d/; d/ d{o d[okv/ fjf;nK se ikDk g?Adk ;h. GN tjhnK fJe nfijk d;skt/i jB, i' fe GNK d[nkok d{o^d{o se x[zw^x[wk e/ ngD/ iiwkBK pko/ fi; soQK dk th t/otk fwbdk ;h, T[j nkgDhnK tjhnK ftu fby b?Ad/ ;B. fJj GN tjhnK GNkyoh ftu fbyhnK rJhnK jB. gzvk tjhnK gzvk Ppd gzvs dk jh S'Nk Bkw j?.Gkos ftu pj[s ;fwnK s'A nB/e shoE ;EkBK fit/A fe rzrk, iwBk ns/ ;[o;sh BdhnK d/ Bkb brd/ shoE n;EkB, fiE/ iiwkB nkgD/ foPs/dkoK dhnK n;EhnK fJBQK shoE n;EkBK T[s/ gqtkj eod/ ;B, sK fJj gzvs nkgDhnK tvhnK̂ tvhnK tjhnK ftu,wkfJnk b? e/ e[M ikDekoh doi eod/ ;B,fi; ftu T[j nkJ/ iiwkB dk fdB,;zws,fgsk̂ fgskwk,g[so s/ fgzv nkfd d/ Bkw fby b?Ad/ ;B,fJBQK B{z gzvk tjhnK efjzd/ jB,seohpB ;kohnK gzvk tjhnK GNkyoh ftu fbyhnK iKdhnk ;B,go wNB nkfd eJh irQk i' fe ;qhBro s'A Bidhe j?,fJE/ gzvk tjhnK Pkodk fbgh ftu fbyhnK iKdhnK jB. r[o{ ekb d/ fJfsjk;e ;o's ti'A GN s/ gzvk tjhnK dk :'rdkB eJh GN tjhnK ftu r[o{ ;kfjpkB pko/ T[BQK d/ gqekP,r[fonkJh,:ksok,i'sh i'fs ;wkT[D ns/ j'o nB/e xNBktK pko/ fdsh ikDekoh Pkwb j?.GN ns/ gzvk tjhnK d'jK ftu fJj ikDekoh Pkwb j?.T[go'es xNBktK s'A fJbktk j'o th eJh rbK pko/ ikDekoh fwb iKdh j?. GNK dk ;zpzX f;y Xow Bkb shi/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB s'A P[o{ j'fJnk s/ gzuw gksPkj d/ ;w/A nB/e GN f;y pD rJ/ ns/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB dhnK ;orowhnK dk b/yk gso :Ek̂ Pefs nkgDhnK tjhnK ftu doi eoB br/.fybohnK g[bohnK N[eK fwbdhnK jB,fiBQK ftu ;wK,;EkB dk ;ze/s d/D s'A fJbktk jo gqw[y ftnesh dh tbdhns (ykBdkB) th Bkb^Bkb fbyh j'Jh j?. r[o{ ekb dhnK fJBQK tjhnK ftu r[o{ ;kfjpkB s'A fJbktk j'o r[of;yK fit/A pkpk ;qh uzd, pkpk p[Yk ih, pkpk fgqEh uzd, GkJh r[odk; ih d/ nekb ubkD/ ns/ pkpk r[ofdsk, pkpk okw okfJ, pkpk fwjotkB nkfd d/ iBw s/ Bkb i'sh i'fs ;wkT[D dhnK fsEhnK th fwbdhnK jB.fJBQK tjhnK ftu eJh fJfsjk;e ;kyhnK s'A fJbktk r[o{ jfor'fpzd ;kfjp ih s'A b? e/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih se dhnK w[y xNBktK,jo ;ke/ dk ;wK, ;EkB, ;zws ns/ fsEhnK ;w/s gqwkfDs t/otk fdsk frnk j?.fJ; gqeko n;hA efj ;ed/ jK fe f;y fJfsjk; ftu fJBQK gzvk s/ GN tjhnK dk :'rdkB pj[s tvw[bk j?. jEb/ ekoi okjhA n;hA GN tjhnK d/ jtkb/ Bkb ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ ihtB Bkb i[VhnK e[M xNBktK pko/ ikDekoh d/ oj/ jK,fi; ftu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih Bkb i[VhnK wjstg{oB fsEhnK pko/ ikDekoh w[y j?.fJj ikDekoh frnkBh roik f;zx ih d[nkok ehsh T[BQK dh nDEe y'i ftu'A gqkgs GN tjhnK d/ nXko s/ fbyh, ngqekfPs jE^fbys g[;se ‘okPNo tho ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih’ ftu'A bJh rJh j?,i' fe j'o rqzEK fit/A fe pz;ktbhBkwkL (feqs e/;o f;zx fSpo), ;qh r[o ;'GkL (feqs eft ;?Bkgfs), Pjhd fpbk;L (feqs ;/tk f;zx), r[o{ ehnK ;kyhnKL (feqs ;o{g f;zx e"fPP) ns/ d;t/A gksPkjh d/ rqzE ftub/ jtkfbnK Bkb ;zg{oB ehsh rJh j?.fJj ouBk gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk dh w[y bkfJpo/oh d/ vkH rzvk f;zx

2

o?co?A; ;?ePB ftu ckJhb BzzH 28 nXhB ;[ofyns j? 1, fJ; ouBk dhnK d' ekghnK w"i{d jB,fJe ekgh NkJhg ehsh j'Jh ns/ d{ih frnkBh roik f;zx ih dh jE^fbys j?.n;hA jEb/ ekoi bJh d'tK dh tos'A ehsh j?.;G s'A gfjbK NkJhg g[;se ftu'A B'N bJ/ rJ/, fco T[; dk fwbkB jE fbys ftu'A eoe/ T[; ftu gkJhnK T[ekJhnK B{z mhe ehsk frnk.NkJhg ehsh rJh g[;se ftu nDfrDs T[ekJhnK jB,fit/A fe c[N^B'N ns/ jtkb/ mhe Yzr Bkb BjhA do;kJ/ rJ/,nB/e irQk T[go ftnkeoBe T[ekJhnK jB ns/ eJh PpdK B{z gVQB ftu th rbsh ehsh rJh j?.fJ; d/ ;[Xko bJh frnkBh roik f;zx ih dh jE^fbys d/ jtkb/ b? e/ T[ekJhnK mhe ehshnK rJhnK jB, go ekch rbshnK jE^fbys ftu th fJ;/ jkbs ftu fwbdhnK jB,fizBQk B{z ;zgkde d[nkok do[;s ehsk frnk j?.fJ; gou/ ftu f;oc Ppd^i'VK s/ ftnkeoBe ;zpzXh rbshnK dh jh ;'X ehsh rJh j? b/ye dh w{b ouBk Bkb e'Jh S/V^SkV BjhA ehsh rJh.fiE/ fes/ b'V ;wMh rJh j? gd fNgDh fdsh rJh j?. fJ; g[;se ftu nkJ/ jtkfbnK ftu GN s/ gKv/ tjhnK d/ i' o?co?A; d/ e/ T[BQK d/ i' fB;fus ;EkB do;kJ/ rJ/ jB, fJj w{b fbykoh d[nkok jh do;kJ/ rJ/ jB, fiBQK dh w"i{dk ;fEsh pko/ fJj nB[wkB BjhA brkfJnk ik ;edk fe fJj ni th T[E/ jh w"i{d jB iK BjhA.b/ye d[nkok eJh jtkb/ i' fe w{b gkm ftu d/D/ ukjhd/ ;B, T[j gd f̂NgDh ftu do;kJ/ rJ/ jB, fit/A fe;/ d/ Bkw, ;EkB dk t/otk ns/ eJh PpdK d/ Gkt noE, fJBQK B{z ;zgkde d[nkok w{b gkm ftu jh tvhnK po?eNK ftu oy e/ g/P ehsk frnk j?. jEb/ ekoi ftu ;zg{oB feskp dk ftubk f;oc r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ ihtB Bkb ;zpzXs gy jh S[fjnk frnk j?,fiBQK B{z GN tjhnK d/ jtkfbnK d/ nXko s/ g/P ehsk frnk j?.

w{b fbys ;qh d;w/; ih dk ftnkj s/ r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dh Pjkds

r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ ue BkBeh ftu nktD s/ 1730 fpH(1673 JhH)dh ft;kyh B{z uzrk i'V w/b j'fJnk.wfjwk gqekP2 s/ i;k f;zx,fpB'd3 d/ w[skfpe ;fsr[oK wky'tkb (ue BkBeh) dk Bkw nBzd ;kfjp dhnK gzi gT[VhnK gV e/ nBzdg[o ofynk.fJ;h ;w/A GkJh joi; okfJ ;fGyh ysoh bkj"o fBtk;h B/ nkgDh g[soh ;qh ihs' ih dh wzrDh ;qh d;w/; ih Bkb ehsh.4 fJ;h ;kb 1730 fpH 15 i/m (1673 JhH) B{z Bro bkj"o ou e/ r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih B/ ;kfjpikdk ;qh r'fpzd dk; dk ftnkj eo fdsk.5g{i wksk ihs' ih dk w[ebktk ;qh d;w/; ih B/ 1735 fpH i/m ;[dh gzuwh (1678 JhH) B{z fbnKdk.6 r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih ;zws 1732 fpH 11 ;ktD (1675 JhH) B{z ;qh nBzdg[o s'A ube/ ;o;k Bdh gko j' nkgD/ ;kde w[okd Pkj gk; wbeg[o ozxVk gorDk o'gV ftu ik mfjo/.J/E'A ;[Gk 12 ;ktD B{z r[o{ ih, ;w/s fsB f;yK (GkHfdnkb dk;,;shdk;,wshdk;) d/ frqcsko j'J/,fi; dk gsk ;kBz{ j/m fbyhnk fbysK s'A brdk j?L (T) r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih wjb BktK e/ B{o w[jwd ykB fwoik uT[Aeh o'gV pb'A B/ ;kb ;soK ;? psh; ;ktB gofp;N? pkoK e' wbeg[o gorBk xB"bk! ;/ geV eo ;ojzd gj[zukfJnk.;kE ;shdk; wshdk; p/N/ jhok wb fSpo e/ ;kE fdnkb dk; p/Nk wkJhdk; pbT[s ek gefVnk ;ojzd nkfJnk.uko wKj ;ojzd n"o fdbh e/ pzdh ykB/ w/A oj/.7[*xB"bk o'gV s' BkbkrV tkbh ;Ve 6H5 whb j?] fJj fszB' PjhdhnK uKdBh u"Ae fdbh ftu ;fsr[oK d/ ;kjwD/ j'JhnK r[o{ ;kfjp GkD/ B{z wzBd/ d/yd/ oj/,nyho ;fsr[oK dh tkoh nkJh,ibkd B/ sbtko wko e/ ;fsr[oK dk ;h; XV Bkb'A i[dk eo fdsk fJ; xNBk B{z GN tjh ftu fJzi fpnkB ehsk j?L fdnkb dk; p/Nk wkJhdk; ek g'sk pb{ ek gVg'sk w{b/ ekHHHHr[o{ r?b' ;kb ;soK ;? psh; wzr;o! ;[dh gzuwh e' fdbh uKdBh u"e e/ wbjkB ;kjh j[ew r?b wkok frnk.;kE ;shdk; wshdk; p/N/ jhok wb e/ 8 Gkort r'so/ fSpo pqkjwB wko/ rJ/.9[*wxo dk wjhBk]

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GN tjh d/ w[skfpe GkJh byh Pkj B/ Brkjhnk nkfd g[soK s/ j'o ;kEhnK dh ;jkfJsk Bkb r[o{ ih dk XV wxo ;[dh SN (12 Btzpo) B{z uKdBh u"Ae fdbh s'A T[mke/ nkgD/ xo o;he/ fgzv (oekp rzi) fbnk e/ ;z;eko eo fdskL

byhnk p/Nk r'X{ ek,Brkjhnk j/wk jkVh p/N/ byhJ/ e/ pVshJ/ eBkts.BfJe X{wk p/Nk ekBQ/ ek fpibT[s r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih wjb BKt/ eh b'E T[mkfJ bkfJ.;kb ;soK ;? psh; wzr;o ;[dh SN ;[eotko e' dkr dhnk nkX xVh oks rJh.10

byh Pkj ;fsr[oK d/ i'sh i'fs ;wktD s'A e'Jh gzi e[ ;kb pknd fdbh oekp rzi fty/ ;zws 1737 fpH30 i/m ;[dh 11 ;[eotko (28 wJh 1680 JhH) B{z fJ; d[Bhnk s'A ub tf;nk ;h,fJ;dh ;skothA s/ gfjbh po;h s/ GN e/;'![*fJj GN p'jE dk g[so s/ GN ehos dk g'sok j?] d/ ej/ uko d'fjnK s'A r[o{ ;kfjp d/ XV u[e e/ fbnktD s/ ;;eko eoB! [*;;eko eoB t/b/ r[o{ jfookfJ ih d/ tv/ g[so ;qh okw okfJ w"i{d ;B] ;zpzXh e[M o'PBh g?Adh j? 11 L d'jk ubk ubkJh j' ojh, rY rY T[yo/ w/y, byh Brkjhnk! b? ub/,![*r[o{ ih d/ g[so dk ;;eko BrkjhJ/ f;y B/ ehsk] s{z yok swk;k d/y.1. byh Brkjhnk by rJ/, j/w jVkT{ nkm,! [*byh d/ nm g[so] . ;yk Xohyk! by rJ/, ! [*;yk ;ohyk Gkt j'o ;kyh BkfJe X{wk nkfd] pj[o BK nkJ/ fJ; pkN.2.

d'jk f;wo GN GT[ ;fsr[o nkgDk,XzB XT[bk rVQ Xkok.j[ew j{nk ;uk ;kfjp ek,byh pVshnk ;_or f;Xkok.nkm' p/N/ j'J/ fJem/,eki eoB eh pkok.Brkjhnk,j/wk,jkVh nkJ/,nkfJnk ;hs{ s/ g[zvkok. py;h,pkbk,iwkjo nkJ/, p/X/, poSh,eow eNkok.wfjzx/ w'b T{m wzrkJ/ uVB/ e' x/o/, ekB' w/A pkok.BrkjhJ/ e/ f;o gkr pzXkJh,pz; mkeo ek! G:' T[iÎkok.i; i'V e/;' GN GfBnk ;kb ;soK ;? ;?Ashnk j'Jh i? i? ekok.3.[*byh Pkj dk dkdk]

d'jk f;wo ;[bskB fjod/ d/ frnkB ;kfjp e', eo{z :kd ;fsr[o eo' ;jkfJ.

BrkjhJ/ sT[ byh e/ iBw bhnk,oT[s okB/A YkJ/ oB/![*Gkt izr ftu], S'ok Bjh dkBK! [*Gkt fJe th fizdk Bjh ofjD fdsk], ikbkg[o! e/ nAp eNkJ/.[*Gkt itkbkg[o jfod[nko d/ Bidhe] XB gkoK d/Jh ‘rqkpBh’ g{s iBfwnk Brkjhnk, gKu ;? j/Vh! wko GrkfJ r[o{ eh b'E T[mkfJ fbnkBh,[*fJe iksh] i; ir w?A gkfJnk,fgsk g{s12 o'PB GJ/ nkfd. i; rkT{ sT[ byhJ/,r'X{ mkeo ek,skih! pzX/ pko, [*Gkt x'V/] T{m'A p?b'A eh ;'j/ bko,pqkjwB GN'A e' dhnk dkB, p/b s/oh e' r[o{ pXkfJ. i;[ i'V e/;' GN GfBnk,;kb ;soK ;? nmshnk

oekp rzi e/ wbjkB! ezw B? eh i'Vh, [*Gkt irk] w[jo?A eh wkbk GN?A eh gfjBkfJ.4.13

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13 Btzpo B{z ;t/o/ GkJh BkB'A s/ i?s/ f;y B/A 14 shi/ Bkb GkJh T{dk ‘okm"o’ p/Nk y/w/ ‘uzdBh’ ek tk;h bkvtk! (fibk eoBkb) B{z fwbke/ ;fsr[oK dk ;h; fdbh s'A b? e/ wxo ;[dh d;thA (15 Btzpo) B{z ehosg[o gj[zukfJnk s/ 16 Btzpo B{z ;qh wky'tkb (nBzdg[o) ftu dkr fdsk.fi;dk gsk ;kB{z j/m fbyh ;{uBk s'A brdk j?L[*J/E/ GkJh T[d/ dh pz; j[D BjhA,Bkb brd/ fgzv b[jkV/ ftu j?] i?sk p/Nk nkfrnk okw ek! [*fJj th fJBQK fdBK ftu nBzdg[o nkfJnk ;h], BB{ p/Nk pkx/ ek,T{dk p/Nk y/w/A ek,g'sk Xow/A ek, r[o{ ek ;h; gkfJ ehosg[o gorBK efjb{o nkJ/, ;kb ;soK ;? psh; wzr;o ;[dh d;wh e/ fdB. frnko; e/ dkr dhnk wky'tkb w/A. 15

pkpk Xhowb s/ pkpk okw uzd ih dk Biopzdh ftu ofje/ r[og[oh gXkoBk. r[o{ s//r pjkdo ih B{z Pjhd j'fJnk ni/ 11 e[ wjhB/ j'J/ ;B fe pekb/ Bro ftu fJe d[ydkJh xNBk tkgoh.;oeko fdbh d/ j[ew Bkb r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ jeheh Gshi// r[o{ jfookfJ ;kfjp d/ tv/ Gok pkpk Xhowb B{z fdbh p[bkfJnk frnk.r[o{ Xhowb r[ogqDkbh eosk d"bs okfJ GN nB[;ko pkpk Xhowb ih 1733 fpHn;{ tdh d[nkd;h (1676 JhH) B{z pekb/ s'A fdbh B{z rJ/.pkdPkj n"ozri/p B/ fJBQK B{z pzdhtkB pDk e/ rVQ oD pzG'o d/ feb/ ftu pzd eo fdsk.GN tjh ftu fJzi fbfynk j?L

r[o{ Xhowb ih ;wkJ/ rY oD pzG'o.v/Y gfjo fdB uY/.;kb ;soK ;? u"shA; wzr;o ;[dh d{i16 ;[eotko e' fJe ;kb d' wkj gKu fdB pzdh ykB/ pzd oj/!.d[;N'A B/ ;oho e' pj[s xBK d[y dhnk.17 [*GN tjh d/ fbykoh B/ pzdh ykB/ dk ;wK pekb/ s'A fbnk ikgdk j?]

pkpk Xhowb ih d/ gob'e rwB eoB d/ pkd fJBQK d/ tv/ ;g[so pkpk okw uzd ih B{z pkdPkj n"ozri/p B/ fdbh p[bke/ pzdh ykB/ ftZu pzd eo fdsk.pkpk okw uzd ih :kot/A fdB r[og[oh gXko rJ/.GN tjh nB[;koL

r[o{ okw uzd ih p/Nk r[o{ gho wb ih ek ;kb ;soK ;? g?Ash; Gkdtk pdh J/ew p[Xtko e/ fdB ;wkJ// fdbh w/A18 fJe xVh fdB uY/ frnkoK fdB pzdh ykB/ pzd oj/ s[oe'A B/ ;oho e' xBk e;N dhnk r[o{ B/ GkD/ e' wkBk.19

r[o{ r'fpzd okfJ ih dk nBzdg[o s'A gkT[AN/ Pfjo ikDk ;kfjp nihs f;zx dk iBw ns/ GzrkDh dk izr

;fsr[oK B{z gkT[AN/ nkfJnK ni/ d' ;kb j'J/ ;B fe r[o{ ;kfjp d/ xo g{i wksk ;[zdoh ih20 d/ T[do EhA ;zws 1743 fpH 29 wkx (1686 JhH)21 B{z ;kfjp nihs f;zx (oDihs f;zx) [fJj T[gBkw gqkuhB fbysK ftu'A fwbdk j?] dk iBw j'fJnk. fJ; y[Ph d/ ;wkrw s'A fJe ;kb pknd 1744 fpH Gkdo'A ;[dh ns/ 1 n;{ (4 ;szpo 1687 JhH) B{z 22 ;kfjp okwokfJ ih Bro y[otXh (d/jokd{B) fty/ r[og[oh gXko rJ/. GzrkDh dh izr ;qh okw okfJ ih dh gfjbh po;h! s'A 26 fdB fgS'A 1745 fpH 18 n;{ ;[dh uT[E (18 ;szpo 1688 JhH) wzrbtko d/ o'i j'Jh ;h.fJj izr fgSb/ gfjo fPeko y/vD frnK gkT[AN/ s'A 6 whb froh s/ iwBk Bdh d/ ftueko okik csfj Pkj Bkb e/tb v/Y gfjo j'Jh ;h.GzrkBh d/ fJ; v/Y gfjo d/ izr ftu 4 f;yK B/ Pjkds gkJh,fiBQK dk gsk ;kB{z j/m fbyh ;{uBk s'A brdk j?L[*po;h 1745 fpH 24 Gkdo' ;[dh 24 nr;s 1688 JhL B{z ;h] T[dhnk p/Nk y/w/ uzdBhJ/ ek,g'sk Xow/ ek![*bkvtk fibk eoBkb fBtk;h]HHHokm"o owkBk,r[o{ eh p{nk e/ p/N/,;zr' Pkj,ihs wb![*fJj fgzv wbk fibk pfmzvk d/ t;Bhe ;B ]p/N/ ;kX{ e/ g's/ Xow/ e/ y';b/ ysohnK r/b ;kb ;soK ;? gzskbh; n;[i goftPN/ nmkoK GzrkBh e/ wbjkB,iwBK froh e/ wfXnkB oki BkjB J/e xVh fdB yV/ oB i{Ms/ ;{foUA r?b ;kw/A wkE/ i{M eo wok.r?b' jmh uzd![*T[gBkw osB uzd] p/Nk wkJhdk; ek pbT[s![*gowko okig{sK dh fJe w{zjh j? ] wok.23

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r[o{ ih dk okDh uzgk d/ ;d/ s/ fpbk;g[o ikDk s/ BdkT[D dh izr r[o{ ih B[z nBzdg[o nkfJnK ni/ e[M fdB jh j'J/ ;B,fe okik Ghw uzd dh wksk uzgk![*fJj wzvh tkb/ oki/ dh bVeh ;h] B/ ;fsr[oK tb p/Bsh gso G/i e/ fpbk;g[o p[btkfJnk r[o{ ih okDh dh p/Bsh B{z gotkD eoe/ 1745 fpH (1688 JhH) wxo ;[dh J/ew Bz{ GkH wBh f;zx nkfd w[yh f;yK ;w/s fpbk;g[o gj[zu rJ/.24okDh uzgk B/ ;fsr[oK dk pj[s nkT[ Grs ehsk s/ G/Nk ukVh.25okik Ghw uzd B/ Bro skokg[o! [*fJ; dh i{j ftu skokrVQ febk ;h] s/ nrwg[o/![*fJE/ nrwrVQ febk pBtkfJnk] dh e[M iwhB ;fsr[oK B{z G/Nk eoh.26 r[o{ ;kfjp okDh uzgk ns/ okik Ghw uzd gk;'A ftdÎk j'e/ tkg; nBzdg[o nk rJ/. r[o{ ;kfjp d/ rqfj fty/ wksk ihs' ih d/ T[do EhA 1747 fpH u/sq tdh d;thA ;fBuotko (1690 JhH) B{z nBzdg[o ;kfjp i[Mko f;zx dk iBw j'fJnk.27fJ;h ;kb 6 feb/! fsnko eoB dk j[ew fdsk.

[* nBzdrVQ, skokrVQ,nrwrVQ,b'jrVQ,j'brVQ,e/;rVQ s/ csfjrVQ] gjkVh okfinK B/ eJh ;kbK s'A ;oekoh wkwbk (Pkjh eo) Bjh ;h fdsk.fJ;B{z t;{b eoB tk;s/ nbc yK,efjb{o nkfd okfinK tb uVQ nkfJnk.okik Ghw uzd s/ T[; d/ ;kEh okfinK c?;bk ehsk fe oki eo Bk skfonk ikt/.T[BQK B{z gsk ;h fe fJ; BKj dk Bshik izr j't/rh.T[j izr bJh fsnko j' gJ/.okik Ghw uzd B/ r[o{ ih s'A ;jkfJsk wzrh. fJj izr 1747 fpH 22 u/so ;[eotko (20 wkou 1691 JhH) B{z j'fJnk ;h.fJ; izr ftu ;fsr[oK dh ;jkfJsK Bkb okik Ghw uzd dh cs/ j'Jh.nbcykB jko yke/ Gi frnk.;fsr[oK Pjhd j'J/ f;yK dk e'Jh yk; fieo Bjh ehsk.GN tjhnK d/ nXko s/ d' f;yK B/ PjhdhnK gkJhnK,fit/A fe L

(1) GkJh ;'jB uzd28 g[sq GkJh wkJhdk; dk fgzv nbhg[o, PwkJh fibQk tk s;hb w[icorV (gkfe;skB).

(2) GkJh w{b uzd! g[so GkHox[gs okfJ fSpo ezp'[*fJj GkJh wBh f;zx w[bskBh dk Gok ;h ], tkbh y/weoD,fibQk nzfwqs;o. GN tjh d/ fJj nyo jBL

;'jB uzd p/Nk wkJhdk; ek g'sk pb{ ek,gVg'sk w{b/ ek,uzdo pz;h Gkod_kih r'sok gztko.pz; phAM/ ek pzMoT[s odT[s ibjkBh.;kb ;soK ;? ;zskbh u?s gqftPN/ pkJh; ;[eotko e/ o'i r[o{ ek j[ew gkfJ BdT[B e/ wbjkB,;kw/ wkE/ i{M eo wok.r?b' w{bk p/Nk ox[gs ek,fBpo ezp' pk;h y/w eoB gorBk e;{o wok.29

Bd"D dh izr s'A fszB ;kb pkd GN d/;{! [*d/;k f;zx GN p'jE dk g[so] B1750 fpH u/so tdh J/ew (2 wkou 1693 JhH) B{z ;qh nBzdg[o d/ w[ekw s/ fusq, pfusq s/ T{d/! [*fJj fsB/ Gok GkHwBh f;zx d/ g[so ;B] d/ ftnkj dh tXkJh ;w/A ej/ fJe d'j/ ftu GzrkDh s/ Bd"D d/ izr dk fJPko/ wkso fieo ehsk j?,s/ d;dk j? fe ;fsr[oK tb'A fJe w[yhJ/ f;y GkJh wBh okw (wBh f;zx) B/ d'jK izrk ftu fJe f̂Je okDk wkfonk s/ Bd"D izr ftu w[ybcK dh c"i dk fieo eodk j'fJnk fbydk j?,fe x'V uV/ ;ko/ 70 ;B,i?;k fe L f;wo GN sT[ ;fsr[o nkgBK,frnkB pskt? ;uk.

sT[ p/yk gztko phAM/ ek nXokeB![*Gkt nXeko] sT[ p/yk oig{sh ekBek![*w[Y^w{b].fdbh br XKe ;[Bh s/oh pb{,sT[ ikB/ Pkj u[rsk![*Gkt Pkj ijkB pkdPkj].;g{s g'sk![*wkJhdk; dk g[so]

sT[ rkT{A wBh okw o'PB pz; ib/ dk fesk.gfjbK j/m GzrkBh wkoh,okBK xkb ehnk oB fisk.;kek ehnk BdktD s?B/A,xkfbnk okBK phu gopsk.x'V/ ph; guk; frDsh e/ nkJ/,g?db nkJ/ pj[ oig[sk.XzB^XzB wksk wXoh pkJh!30 [*wkJhdk; d/ xo'A GkJh fdnkb dk; s/ wBhA okw dh wksk] sT[ ikfJnk wBh okw g{s ;[gsk ;g{s p/Nk sT[ rkT{A fdnkb dk;,ihs/ ih,d/r/ T[p fbsk![*Gkt fdbh uKdBh u"Ae ftu d/r/ ftu T[pkb fdsk].i; i'V d/;{ GN GfBnk,nBzdg[o e/ wbjkB![*Gkt

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EK].gT[A ;/ w{zv*[*w{j] GN'A ek Go fdsk,eh pXkJh p/N/ fuso,pfusq,T{d/ fpnkfj eh ;kb ;sqK ;? guk; ;h fpsk.w?fjr/ w'b eoo? j? [Gkt T{m] dhB/,w[o eh pu eBhn" pkfbsk![*ezBK d/ tkb/]31

gzik fgnkfonK dh u'D s/ nzfwqs SekT[Dk ;fsr[ok B/A 1695 JhH1 dh t?;kyh B{z gzi ;h; G/N wzr/,s/ gzi fgnko/ u[D/.yzv/ dk nzfwqs fsnko eoe/ gziK B{z SekfJnk.GN tjh ftu fJzi fbfynk j?L

r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih wjb d;t/A B/ ;kb ;soK ;? pktB p?;kyh e/ fdB gKu f;y'A e' yzv/ gj[b dh f;zx Bkw okyk.gqEw/A d?nk okw ;'csh f;zx pBk ;kp e' Bhb p;so g[nkJ/.tjh t/; ngBK ehnk.j[ek jbkb jikws fNek izi{ X'sh ek fsnkr eokfJnk.whB/,Xho wbhJ/,okw okJhJ/,f;or[w/ w;zd eh posB pzd eh.eVk feogkB ezxk eS?ok ;p e' dhnk.;p e/;kXkoh ehJ/.;G ek iBw gNBk ;kfjp ek pk;h nBzdg[o eh pskJh.32

i[Mko f;zx jKv/ dh uVQkJh eoBh,;kfjp i'okto f;zx s/ cs/ f;zx dk iBw fdbkto yK B/ nkgDh jko B{z d/y e/ fgSbhnK fPe;sK d/ X'D/ X'D bJh nkgD/ nXhB sz[wD dko i[Mko f;zx jKvk! B{z bkj"o'A N'fonk.uzd/b (fpbk;g[ohJ/) T[; Bkb ob rJ/,go GbkD d/ fJbke/ 1752 fpH 21 u/sq ;t/o d/ ;w/A oki f;zx gw/ B/ i[Mko f;zx d/ db s/ nukBe Skgk wkfonk d'B' gkf;nK s'A nVe/ izr j'fJnk nyho Bo?D uzd i[Mko f;zx fJ; izr ftu wko/ rJ/.Pkjh db y[zp mgk e/ bkj"o B{z B; frnk.33[*fJe okig{sK dh j? ] ;zws 1753 fpH13 ;ktD (13 i[bkJh 1696 JhH) ;'wtko B{z pkdPkj n"ozri/p dk fNek pkdPkj ikdk w[jwd w[nIw (pjkdo Pkj) w[bskB dh ;{p/dkoh s/ fgsk pkdPkj dh nkr:k gke/ nkgD/ tv/ g[so wkI[dhB ;w/s nkro/ s'A gzikp tb ufVnk34,sK i' fJ; gk;/ dh ftrVh jkbs w[V ;tko/. ;zws 1753 fpH wxo ;[dh 3 (1696 JhH) B{z 35 wksk ihs' ih d/ T[do EhA shik ;kfjpikdk r[o{ ;kfjp d/ xo ;kfjp i'okto f;zx dk iBw j'fJnk.fJ;h ;kb pkdPkj tb'A skVBk j'D s/ wkx crD (iBtoh^cotoh 1697 JhH) B{z pjkdo Pkj B/ uko njdhJ/ j'o nrV fgSV nBzdg[o s/ r[nkYh oitkfVnK T[s/ ukV G/i/.36

nBzdg[o s/ fBow'jrVQ nkfd dhnK izrk ftu ykb;/ uhc s/ okfinK B/ JhB wzB b?Dh.

nyho okik niw/o uzd B/ nkgDh fsnkoh eoe/ nBzdg[o d/ feb/ skokrVQ B{z x/o/ ftu b? fbnk.r[o{ ;kfjp B/ febk skokrVQ d/ f;zxK dh wdd tk;s/ pkeh d{;fonK fefbnK fdnK f;zxK B{z ;kfjp nihs f;zx![*T[wo e/tb 14 e[ ;kbK dh ;h ] dh ewkB j/m G/fink.fJj izr nBzdg[o s'A 3 whb febk skokrVQ d/ ;kjwD/ Bro skokg[o![*fJ; fgzv dh iwhB niw/o uzd dh dkdh uzgk B/ 1745 fpH(1688 JhH) ftu ;fsr[oK B{z fdsh ;h] d/ w?dkB ftu 1757 fpH T[BZsh (1700 JhH) thotko d/ fdB j'Jh fi; dk gsk ;kB{z j/m fbyh ;{uBK s'A brdk j?L (T) JhPo f;x p/Nk e/tb ek g'sk nkv{ ek fpibT[s![*s{o okig{sK dh wz{jh] efbnkB f;zx p/Nk

fdnkb dk; ek![*fJj fdnkb dk; r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih Bkb fdbh Pjhd j'fJnk ;h].g'sk wkJhdk; ek.HHHwzrs f;zx![*pkpk ;zrs ;kfjp (GkH c/o{) dk Gok].p/Nk fpB/ T[gb ek.;kb ;soK ;? ;fstzik Gkdtk gqftPN/ T[BZsh; thotko e/ fdB r[o{ e/ ;kfjpikd/ nihs f;zx ek puB gkfJ skokrVQ e/ wbjkB gorBk skokg[o fJe gfjo x'o i[X eoe/ ;kw/ wE/ oBw/A i{M eo wo/.xB/ gopsh wko/ rJ/.okik rzGho uzd ek p/Nk xwzv uzd r[o{ e/ Pkjikd/ jkE ;/ xkfJb j{nk.37

skokrVQ dh izr ftu gfjb/ jwb/ Jh;o f;zx nkfd f;zxK B/ Pjhdhnk gkJhnK.fJj izr ;kok fdB j'fJnk.oks B{z feb/ ftu'A s/ pkjo'A ckfJfozr j[zdh ojh d' sochA ikBh B[e;kB pj[s j'fJnk.38niw/o uzd B/ nrb/ fdB skokg[o s/ nBzdg[o d/ dofwnkB i' febk csfjrVQ ;h fJ; s/ jwbk eotk fdsk.fJj izr th 1 gzziK fgnkfonK dh u'D ns/ nzfwqs SekT[D dh ;jh skohy 1699 JhHft;kyh dh jh ;jh j?.

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fdB s/ oks dh ;h.fJ; bVkJh ftu ;fsr[oK tb'A pkxB s'g tosh rJh.fJ; Xow i[X ftu GkJh GrtkB f;zx nkfd f;zxK B/ ;kw/ wkE/ w?dkB ftu bVe/ PjkdsK gkJhnKL GrtkB f;zx p/Nk wBh f;zx ek![*fusq f;zx,pfusq f;zx nkfd wBh f;zx w[bskBh d/ 10 g[so ;B ] g'sk wkJhdk; ek.HHHHitkjo f;zx p/Nk byhJ/ ek![*byh Pkj dk g[so] g'sk r'X{ ek pVshnk eBkts.Bzd f;zx p/Nk nkbw f;zx ek![*fJj nkfbw f;zzx shik r[o{ ;kfjpK dk u"o podko ;h]

g'sk dohnk ek ibjkBk ;kb ;soK ;? ;stzik Gkdtk goftPN/ sh; (30) ;[eotko e/ fdB r[o{ ek j[ew gkfJ csfjrVQ gorBk nBzdg[o e/ wbjkB ;kw/ wkE/ i{M eo wo/.39

okik niw/o uzd B/ ;[rzX u[eh j'Jh ;h,fe r[o{ B{z wko e/ iK nBzdg[o'A eY e/ tkg; fpbk; g[o iktKrk.febk csfjrVQ dh izr s'A pknd okik niw/o uzd B/ shi/ feb/ nrwrVQ s/ jwbk ehsk.40 fJj febk ;qh nBzdg[o s'A e'Jh YkJh e[ whb d/ ck;b/ s/ ;h.fJj izr 31 Gkdo'A ;fBuotko d/ fdB j'Jh.r[o{ ih e/ ;?B gkb T[d/ f;zx B/![*wBh f;zx d/ shi/ g[so B/] f;zx c"i Bkb nr/ tXe/ gjkVhnK B{z uzr/ uB/ upkJ/.GN tjh w[skfpe GkJh pkx f;zx nkfd B/ bVe/ PjhdhnK gkJhnKL

pkx f;zx p/Nk okfJ f;zx ek g'sk wkJhdk; ekHHH xopkok f;zx![*dhtkB dotkok f;zzx fdbh tkb/ dk tvk Gok] p/Nk BkB{z f;zx ek g'sk pkx/ ek ;kb ;soK ;? ;stzik Gkdt goftPN/ fJesh; ;fBuotko e/ fdB r[o{ ek puB gkfJ nrwrVQ e/ wbjkB gorBk nrwg[ok gopshU ;ky x'o i[X eoe/ ;kw/ wkE/ i{M eo ;[nk; dhJ/.41

fJj izr 1757 fpH gfjbh n;{ (1 ;szpo 1700 JhH) B{z j'Jh ;h fJ; izr d/ w[yhJ/ GkJh wBh f;zx s/ fJ;d/ d't/A g[sq pfusq f;zx,T[d/ f;zx s/ u"Ek nkfbw f;zx ;h.GN tjh d/ fJj nyo jBL

r[o{ dk j[ew gkfJ wBh f;zx42 p/Nk wkJhdk; ek,HHHpfusq f;zx T[d/ f;zx p/N/ wBh f;zx e/HHHnkfbw f;zx p/Nk d[or{ ek g'sk gdw/ ek jikts nkp nkBKHHH;kb ;soK ;? ;stzik n;[[i goftPN/ gfjbh n?stko e/ fdB b'jrVQ ;/ ykb;k db e' r?b b? uoB rzrk e/ wbjkB x'o i[X ehnk.pfusq f;zx B/ jkEh e' wko GrkfJnk.T[d/ f;zx e/ jkE ;/ e/;oh uzd i;ktkbhnk,wkok frnk.wBh f;zx nkbw f;zx ;ys xkfJb j{J/.nkfbw f;zx p/Nk dohnk ek g'sk w{b/ ek ibjkBk,;[yk f;zx p/Nk okfJ f;zx ek g'sk wkJhdk; ekHHHy[Pkb f;zx p/Nk wyB Pkj ek g'sk dk;/ ekHHHg/bhnk oD w/A ;kw/Q wkE/ i{M eo wko/.43

GkJh d/;k f;zx GN e/ 1763 fpH i/m ;[dh u"E (1706 JhH) B{z ;qh nzfwqs;o GkJh wBh f;zx d/ g'so/ Gkr{ f;zx dh tXkJh ;w/ ej/,d'j/ ftu T[d/ f;zx s/ pfusq f;zx dh phosk dk fieo fJzi fbfynk j?L ibjkB/! gztko pKe/ nbh g[o e/ pzMoT[s' sT[;? [*ib/ dh w[zjh tkb/ ibjkB/ gztko] e"B no?.i;tkoh okw ek wkfonk e/;oh jkEh r?b bo?.

pfusq f;zx s/oh poSh! o'PB, [*fJj poSh (BkrBh) sys ;qh e/;rVQ s/ j? ] s/oh ;Kr Mowb eo?![*;Kr (s/rk) ;qh nekb sys s/ w:{d j?,fi; dk tiB 10 ;/o gek j?]44 s/o/ Bkw Eh fog Eo Eo eKg?,s/oh gopsh jbe go?.

XB wksk sT[ ;hs' pkJh![*GkJh wBh f;zx dh ;gsBh],s/o/ gKu ;g{s oB? bo wo?. pho wBh f;zx i; sT[ek rkT{A,s/ok Bkw uT[A ez[Nh w[yoo?. XB XB fdnkb dk; i; sT[ek!,yzv pqjwzv ;G [*GkJh wBh f;zx dk tvk Gok] T[uo?.uko poB yN doPB ;ko/ oNs Bkw fB; pk;o xo?. i; i'V d/;k f;zx GN GfBnk!,;kb [*GN p'jE dk g[so s/ ehos GN dk g'sok] ;soK ;? sq? ;m/,T[ib dkB dhU rb i'N eoo?!.eh pXkJh g's/ Gkr{ f;zx [*Gkt T{m] eh r[o{ ue e/ wbjkB i/m uBkBk uT[E ogT[A ;/ w{zv GN'A ek Go/.45

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febk nBzdrV fsnkrB s'A ;st/A fdB fBow'j dh gfjbh izr niw/o dh cT[i Bkb j'Jh fJj izr 7 efse wzrbtko d/ fdB bVh rJh.GN tjh ftu fJzi fbfynk fwbdk j?L^ ;kjp f;zx p/Nk wshdk; ek g'sk jhok wb fSpo ekHHHHHH wEok f;zx p/Nk fdnkb dk; ek,g'sk wkJhdk; ekHHHHHH ;{os f;zx p/Nk e/tb ek g'sk nkv{ ek fpibT[sHHHHH d/tk f;zx p/Nk s/rk ek g'sk ;[y/ ek T[dkBKHHHHH ;kb ;soK ;? ;stzik efse goftPN/ ;sthA wzrbtko e/ fdB fBow'jrV dh izr ftu ;kw/ wkE/ i{M eo wo/.46 GN tjh w[skfpe fJ; d{ih izr ftu fjws f;zx nkfd fiBQK f;yK B/ t?oh db Bkb bV e/ PjkdsK gkJhnK T[BK ;pzXh GN tjh d/ fJj nyo jBL^

fjws f;zx p/Nk ihs f;zx ek g'sk okwK ek T[dk BK w/jo f;zx p/Nk X{w/ ek fpibT[s,;kb ;soK ;? ;stzik efse goftPN/ pkoK fdB n?stko fBow'jrVQ e/ wbjkB ;kw/ wkE/ i{M eo wo/.47

fBow'j rV dh shih izr 13 efse ;'wtko d/ fdBHHHHj'Jh ;h fi;dk gsk ;kB{z j/m fbyhnK fbysK s'A brdk j?L̂ (T) ihs f;zx B/sk f;zx p/N/ okw/ e/ g's/ ;[y/ e/,T[dkB/ pz; T{d/ ekHHHH;kb ;soK ;? ;fstzik efse

goftPN/ s/oK fdB ;'wtko fBow'jrV e/ wbjkB gorBK efjb{o oD w/ ;kw/ wkE/ i{M eo wo/.48 (n) e/;o f;zx p/Nk Sphb f;zx ek g'sk uzdB okfJ ek!, [*fJj uzdB okfJ GzrkDh izr ftu Pkwb ;h]

Bkw ;T[s G[NkDKHHHw'eb f;zx p/Nk dohnk ek g'sk w{b/ ekHHHH;kb ;soK ;? ;fstzik efse goftPN/ uT[dj wzrbtko e/ fdB fBow'jrVQ e/ wbjkB ;fsb[i e/ feBko/ x'o i[X j{nk oB i{Ms/ ;{foU r?b ;kw/ wkE/ i{M eo wo/.49

fJ;h ;kb 1757 fpH19 efse (1700 JhH) n?stko d/ fdB ebw'N fgzv d/ r[ioK ykb;/ dh w[m G/V j'Jh.fJ; izr ftu GkJh ihtB f;zx B/ Pjkds gkJh.GN tjh ftu fJzi fbfynk fwbdk j?L^

ihtB f;zx p/Nk go/w/ ek g's/ w{b/ ek ibjkBkHHHHHH;kb ;soK ;? ;stzik efse gqftPN? T[Bh; n?stko e/ fdB ebw'N e/ wbjkB gorBk fp;kbh ;kw/ wkE/ jB w/ i{M eo ;[nk; dhJ/.50

;?d p/r s/ nbc yK Bkb ykb;/ dh w[m G/V p;h tkb/ gmkD gk;'A pqkjwD dh n"os tkg; fdbkT[Dh

;zws 1759 fpH 8 wkx (6 iBtoh 1703 JhH) p[Xtko br/ ;{oi rqfjD ;w/A ;fsr[o{ ih e[oeP/so ik ftoki/.frH r[ofds f;zx n?wHn?b ;h dh y'i nB[;ko d/;k f;zx d/ Gok joh f;zx nkfd B/ fJ;

br/ rqfjD ;w/A nkgD/ iiwkB pfusq f;zx gk;'A fwbe/ dkB bhnk ns/ tkg;h s/ 16 wkx (14

iBtoh) thotko B{z uwe"o Bro d/ gk; okik niw/o uzd dh Pfj s/ ;?d p/r s/ nbc yK d' w[rb

;odkoK B/ ;fsr[oK B[z x/o e/ geVBk ukfjnk.T[; t/b/ ;fsr[oK d/ jwoekp GkJh T[d/ f;zx nkfd e/tb 60 e[ f;zx ;B.UXo'A ;w/ f;o nBzdg[o'A f;zxK d/ gj[zu ikD Bkb niw/o uzd dh ukb

fB;cb rJh.51fJ;h ;kb fJe d/teh dk; Bkw dk pqkjwD nBzdg[o r[o dopko ftu nke/

cfonkdh j'fJnk fe,w?A w[ebktk b? e/ pXh (j[fPnkog[o) d/ Bidhe dh id bzfxnk sK UE'A d/

gmkB ipo izr ykB B/ w/oh fJ;soh y'j bJh.52r[o{ ih B/ ;kfjp nihs f;zx!B{z ;w/s B{z ;w/s

pqkjwD dh fJ;sqh d/ J/E/ fbnke/ g/; eo'.[*fJBQK dh Ta[wo fJ; t/b/ 16 e[ ;kbK dh ;h]

;kfjp nihs f;zx B/ u/sq tdh J/ew (1703 JhH) B{z p;h gj[zu gmkD s/ pqkjwD fJ;sqh d'jK B{z ;qh nBzdg[o fbnke/ r[o{ ih d/ g/P ehsk.;fsr[oK pqjwD fJ;sqh d/teh dk; d/ jtkb/ ehsh s/ ipo izr ykB B[z T[jdh ehsh dk cb G[rskfJnk.

9

nBzdg[o dh nkyoh bVkJh s/ gjkVh okfinK tb'A nBzdg[o B{z x/ok gkT[Dk GN tjhnK d/ w[skfpe fJe jwbk niw/o uzd tb'A 1760 fpH wxo ;[dh gzuwh n?stko (1703 JhH) B{z j'fJnk,fi; ftu j/w f;zx g[so byh Pkj s/ ekoB f;zx p/Nk B/sk f;zx nkfd f;zxK B/ PjhdhnK gkJhnK.53 niw/o uzd nkfd Jhoykb{ s/ ;"V BiohJ/ okfinK B/ ;fsr[oK d/ tX oj/ goskg B{z nkgD/ bJh ysok goshs ehsk.fJBQK fdbh s/ bkj"o d/ jkewK gk; u[rbhnK bke/ eJh tko jwb/ ehs/ s/ eotkJ/.fJBQK jwfbnK ;w/A niw/o uzd B{z jw/PK w{zj dh ykDh gJh.fJ;h ;kb d/ nyho p[ojkBg[oh [;hH ghH dk ofjD tkbk] GkJh i/mk f;zx ;w/s gqtko ;fsr[oK d/ doPB eoD ;qh nBzdg[o nkfJnk.fJ;B/ nkgDh g[soh phph skok pkJh dh ;kdh! 1761 fpHwkx ;[dh J/ew (1704 JhH) B{z ;fsr[oK d/ j[ew Bkb nihs f;zx ih Bkb eo fdsh.fi; dk gsk ;kB{z fJzi brdk j?L[*fJ;dh e[y'A ;kfjp joh f;zx B/ iBw fbnk] (T) r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih wjb d;t/A e/ p//N/ nihs f;zx ek ftnkj i/mk f;zx pk;h p[ojkBg[o eh p/Nh

skok pkJh ;/ j'nk!.;kb ;soK ;? fJekjm wkx ;[dh J/ew e' nBzdg[o e/ wbjkB.54 [*fJ; eh ;wkX fJ;d/ g[so joh f;zx dh ;wkX d/ gk; j?.]

fJ;h ;kb 1761 fpH20^21 u/sq (1705 JhH) B{z okik niw/o uzd B/ nBzdg[o s/ fJe pj[s tvk jwbk ehsk.55fJ; tv/ jwb/ ftu GkH y/w f;zx p/Nk ;[zdo f;zx!.[!SkJ/ dh pz; ftu'A ST[s w{zjh d/ gztko] s/ d't/A Gok pho f;zx nwo f;zx p/N/ T{d/ ‘Pjhd’ d/ nkfd f;zxK B/ PjkdsK gkJhnK.56okik niw/o uzd y[zp mgke/ ;D/ ;kEh okfinK d/ fdbh,bkj"o s/ f;ozd ike/ cfonkdh j'fJnk.fJ; soQK fdbh bkj"o s/ ;ofjzd dhnK c"iK izw{ d/ c"idko ;w/s ;kfonK,gjkVh okfinK dh wdd s/ gj[zu nBzdg[o s/ fco ipod;s jwbk ehsk.fJj izr eJh fdB j[zdk fojk nkyo s[oe jkewK d/ wPto/ Bkb nBzdg[o B{z x/o/ ftu oy e/ pkjo'A o;d nkfd d/ pzd eoB dk c?;bk ehsk frnk.GN tjh d/ w[skfpe 1762 fpH i/m gqftPN/ 5 (1705 JhH) B{z nBzd g[o B{z x/o/ ftu okikUA s/ s[oe c"i B/ x/o/ ftu b? fbnk.

febk nBzdrVQ fsnkrDk s/ uwe"o dk :[X fJj ikBDk io{oh j?,fe fgSkVh oye iE/ dk iE/dko ;kfjp nihs f;zx ;h.fBow'jrV gj[uB se d't/A iE/ fJem/ j' rJ/ ;B.GkJh T[d/ f;zx 40 f;zxK ftu'A ;h s/ pkeh 50 f;zx i/V/ T[d/ f;zx eh iE/dkoh j/m bV/ s/ PjhdhnK gkJhnK,fJj d{;o/ iE/ d/ f;zx ;B.GkJh T[d/ f;zx B/ ;B/ ;kEh f;zxK d/ fJe gfjo fBow'jrV s'A 1 whb MyhnK fgzv dh i{j ftu Pkjh fNph s/ x'o i[X ehsk fi; dk gsk ;kB{z j/m fbyh ;{uBk s'A brdk j?L̂ (T) T[d/ f;zx p/Nk wBh f;zx ek57 g'sk wkJhek; ek,gVg'sk pb{ ek HHHHH ;kb ;soK ;? pk;m g'j ;[dh d{i p[Xtko e/ fdB Pkjh fNph e/ wbjkB gorBk ehosg[o r[o{ ek j[ew gkfJ guk; f;y'A e' r?b b? okik niw/o uzd eh c"i ;kE fJe gfjo xo' eoe/ ;B/A ;kEhnK xB/ gopshnK e' wko e/ wok.58 r[o{ ih d/ e'Nb/ ub/ nkT[D/ s'A T[gozs nrb/ fdB 8 g'j (7 fd;zpo) B{z fe;/ dh w[ypoh s/ o'gV dh uT[Aeh d/ fJzukoi B/A fBjzr ykB d/ xo dh sbk;h bJh e'Jh f;y BK fwfbnk.fi; e'mVh ftu GkJh pfusq f;zx ih iywhA dh jkbs ftu wzih s/ b/N/ j'J/ ;B.ns/ fBjzr ykB dh S'Nh bVeh T[woh!i/Vh eztkoh ;h.fJ;h e'mVh ftu p?mh j'Jh ;h.jkew uT[Aeh d/ g[SD fe fJj e"D jB.nr'A T[so fwfbnk w/oh Xh s/ itkJh,sbk;h BK j'Jh.GN tjh d/ fJj nyo jBL[*phph i?Bk s'A tvh]

10

pfusq f;zx p/Nk wBh f;zx ek 59 g'sk wkJh dk; ek gVg'sk pb{ ekHHHHgzto pz; phAM/ ek pzMoT[s ibjkBKHHHHHr[o{ ek j[ew gkJ/ ;kb ;soK ;? pk;m g'j ;[dh d{i wbeg[o e/ wbjkB gorBK o'gV i[X w/A xkfJb j' e/ e'Nb/ gmkB e/ xo ojk.g'j ;[dh uT[E J/e xoh oks ojh ;[nk; g{o/ j'J/.gmkB eh gs r[o{ oyh fJ; eh p/Nh ek ;s ojk.60

fJ; soQK ;zws 1764 fpH19 efse ;[dh SN (20 nes{po 1707 JhH) ;'wtko B{z r[o{ ih s/ gkfbe ;kfjpikdk ;fsr[oK B{z nk fwfbnk.r[o{ ih s/ pkdPkj pjkdoPkj 1765 fpH 5 t?;ky (2 nfgqb 1708 JhH) P[eotko B{z fus"V rV ik ftoki/.61nrb/ fdB 6 t?;ky (3 n?fgqb) PfBuotko B{z ;kfjp i'okto f;zx ‘gkfbe’ wkB f;zx nkfd 20 ;kEhnK ;w/s Pjhdh gkJh.62 GN tjh d/ fJj nyo jBL

wkB f;zx p/Nk wkJhdk; ek g'sk pb{ ek gVg'sk w{b/ ek uzdo pz;h Gkodtkih r'sok gztko pz; phAM/,pzMoT[s,odT[s ibjkBK pbT[s,;kb ;soK ;? g?A;m fwsh p?;ky gofpPN? SN rzFGho Bdh e/ feBko/ rVQfus"V w?A s[oe'A r/b ;kw? wkE? i{M eo wok.r?b'A i'okto f;zx p/Nk BE{ ek pk;h p;h gmkDk pkYh ;[ssok.T[Bh; ;kEh j'o wo/ rzGho Bdh e/ feBko/ dkr dhnk.63

fJ; soQK i'okto f;zx gkfbe 7 fd;zpo 1705 JhH B{z uwe"o dh izr ftu'A iywh j'e/ fizdk pu e/ fBeb rfJnk,s/ nyho 3 nfgqb 1708 JhH B{z fus"VrFVQ (oki;EkB) ftu ike/ Pjhd j' rfJnk.[fJ;d/ d' tv/ Gok j'o ;B,tvk y[Phnk s/ S'Nk tho f;zx y[PhJ/ dh pz; d/ fyiok pkdhJ/ (fibk o'gV)wjzs jB s/ tho f;zx dh T[bkd p;h gmkDk tkb/ b'N/ r's d/ okwrVhJ/] r[o{ ih gk; uwe"o 7 fd;zpo ;[eotko dh oks B{z 40 w[efsnK ftu'A e/tb gzi f;zx ofj rJ/ ;B.r[o{ ehnK ;kyhnK s/ wfjwK gqekP pkpk ;o{g dk; d/ eEB nB[;ko GkHBph ykB s/ rBh ykB!d't/A Bhbh podh b? e/ uwe"o dh rVQh ftu Xh s/ s/ fJ; dk GkJh fgS'A nkfJnk i?;k. [*fJj d't/A o[jhb/ gmkD c?o'tkb (fibk nzfwqs;o) d/ ofjD tkb/ ;B.fJBQK dh ojkfJP wkShtkV/ dh ;h.fJj d't/A okik niw/o uzd d/ ;d/ s/ efjb{o nkJ/ ;B.]

;fsr[oK dk wkShtkV/ s'A ubDk s/ w[es;o dh izr ;fsr[o{ ih uwe"o s' dfJnk f;zx nkfd 7 ;kEhnK ;w/s GkJh gzikp/ d/ tv/ GkJh r[bkp/ w;zd d/ g[so ihtB f;zx d/ uT[pko/ ftu 8,9 s/ 10 fd;zpo dh oks ofj e/ 12 g'j ;[dh ;s/A (11 fd;zpo) fdB wzrbtko B{z ;[Gk wkShtkV/ s' ub e/ Bro d[okj/ dh ;oK ftZu fJe oks oj/64,i?;k fe L fgzv fydokD/ (w[es;o) dh izr dk gsk d/D tkbk ;G s'A gfjbk ;wekbh fbykoh GN d/;k f;zx! j?.fi;B/ df;nk fe fJj izr 1762 fpH gqftPN/ 30 (29 fd;zpo 1705 JhH) B{z j'Jh ;h.fJ; B/ Pjhd j'D tkfbnK dh frDsh 40 d;h j?.fJBK 40 PjhdK ftu'A okfJ wjK f;zx s/ ;hsb f;zx fszBk d/ Bkw d;/ jB.pkeh 37 PjhdK s/ 41thA wksk Gkr e"o dk Bkw d;D tb'A u[g j?.[*fJj ;qh d;w/; dk ji{oh f;y s/ fJ;dh Pjhdh 6 GN f;yK ;w/s 1768 fpH 9 efse (1711 JhH) B{z fgzv nb'tkb gqrBk bkj"o ftu j'Jh.]

;fsr[oK dk pjkdo Pkj Bkb dyD B{z ikDk ;fsr[o{ ih fJswkdg[o s'A ube/ 12 wkx (10 iBtoh 1708 JhH) ;fBuotko B{z nzp/o Broh dh Xosh Bz{ Gkr bkJ/ 22 wkx (20 iBtoh) Bz{ niw/o ik gj[zu/.1 s'A 3 crD (29 wkou) se g[Peo shoE g[o ik ftoki e/ r'fpzd xkN,tkbh G{whA uoB etbK dh S[j Bkb gktB ehsh!.;fsr[o{ ih Pkjh bPeo Bkb ik oj/ ;B.14 u/sq (12 wkou) P[eotkfo B{z w[fV niw/o Bro nk rJ/.;zws 1765 fpH5 t?;ky (2 n?fgqb1708 JhH) ;[eotko B{z ;fsr[o{ ih s/ pkdPkj pjkdo Pkj fus"VrV ik ftoki/.65nrb/ fdB 3 n?fgqb B{z ;fsr[oK d/ gkfbe ;kfjpikd/ ;kfjp i'okto f;zx ih wkB f;zx nkfd 20 f;yK ;w/s fus"VrVQ dk febk d/yD rJ/ s[oeK Bkb bVe/ PjhdhnK gk rJ/.66GN tjh ftu fJzi fbfynk j?L[*:kd ftu J/E/ r[od[nkok j?]

11

wkB f;zx p/Nk wkJhdk; ek g'sk pb{ ek gVg'sk w{b/ ekHHHHHH;kb ;soK ;? g?A;m fwsh p?;ky gqftPN? SN rzGho Bdh e/ feBko/ rY fus"V w? s[oe'A r?b ;kw/ wkE/ i{M eo wok.r?b' i'okto f;zx p/Nk BE{ ek pk;h,p;h gmkDk pkYh ;[swok.T[Bh; ;kEh j'o wo/.rzGho Bdh e/ feBko/ dkr dhnk.67

19 i/m (17 wJh) ;'wtko B{z p[ojkBg[o ftu GkH Xow f;zx Bo ;T[s,ekBQk w[Skb GkH phek G{ehnk nkfd f;y Bro p'ok y/Vk! yKvtk,y{zNhnK,phbT[X,Skbgk,f;zX{ ykb,wksk g[o,s/ v'Jh c'Vhnk nkfd BroK dh ;zrs b? e/ r[o{ ji{oh ftu nk jkio j'J/.68[*fJj Bro j[D se e/;kXkoh j?]

wkX'dk; dk f;zx ;ie/ gzikp B{z nkT[Dk fJ;h ;kb efse ;[dh J/ew n?stkfo d/ fdB GN e/;' f;zx d/ g[sq eopN f;zx B/ pkD rzrk (r[dktoh) d/ feBko/ nkgD/ iiwkB Grtzs f;zx (Gkr{ f;zx) dh gzukfJs ftu fJe d'jk fejkL̂ f;wo{ gqEw/ ;kodk wksk d/th ;fsr[o ;u/ frnkB pskfJnk pbT[s ibjkB'A ;ks' G[ik s[wkoh!;ks'A ek i; uj[z e[zNh SkfJnk.[*Gkt ;s/ Gok] j[ew GfJnk ;u/ ;kfjp ek,Grtzs BkfJe e' r[o{ pXkfJnk. nip eh G[zr shB pBB/,yhAu ;Kr sT[ w{zv GwkfJnk. ekbw yK B/ bkJh poSh gKu jikoh ek wB;p sT[ gkfJnk. p'bk ishnk w/A T[ib j{nk,pz; ib/ ek Bkw pYkfJnk. eowK pkJh i; sT[ek rkT{A ;ks ;g{s pho'A eh wkfJnk!.[*wksk] pki f;zx eT[o f;zx sT[ p/N/ rkT[A wB;p fiBek ;h d{D ;pkfJnk. i; rkT{A sT[ w{b/ pb{ Bmhnk ek,fij eh pz;! r[o j[ew [*pfusq f;zx nkfd] pikfJnk dkB dhnk GN'A e' T[ib Ekb w[jo?A ek Grtzs f;zx Go fbnkfJnk.1 ;kb ;soK ;? g?A;m nkjk Bop[N d'jk i'V ;[BkfJnk. pkD rzrk dh xkNh s/ yV pho ibjkB'A ek iZ; rkfJnk.269

GN tjh w[skfpe GN e/P' dk g[sq GN Bop[d ;'bkg[o nkgD/A iiwkB Gkr{ (Grtzs f;zx) d/ Bkb ;h.T[;B/ T[; t/b/ dh y[Ph ftZu fJe d'jk fenk.

pbT[s![*pb{ s'A w{zjh ubh] gztko![*gztko okig{s]pKe/ y?og[o e/![*gS'eV y?og[o fibk w[icorV dk] ibjkB'A*[*ib/ s'A w{zjh ibjkBK pDh];ks' G[ik s[wkoh sT[ ;? eT[B no?.Gkr{, e[ohnk, pki{,;[yhnk oB{z PkwK,;zrsh*[*;zrs f;zx pzr/;oh i' uwe'o Pjhd j'fJnk]x[o/ dwkw/ d{jo/,w'o/ j' j' bo?.pb{ okT[ e/ wb{eh iBwh![*wBh f;zx Pjhd dh G{nk],ir w/ T[ib j'Jh dkB d/j w{zv GN'A ek Go/.Gkr{ s/o/ jkE ;o e'b pKXh,w[y phVk ykfJnk s/oh pzr/;o jbe go?.gKu jikoh ek wB;p sT[ gke/,o'PB ehnk GkVk pb{ ek[Gkt w{jh pb dh pb iK pbT[s] s/ok Bkw uT[ e[zNh w[y oj?.pb{![* fJ; dh Pjhdh,1691 fpH17 t?;ky (1634 JhH) B{z nzfwqs;o S/t/A r[o{ dh izr ;w/ j'Jh.] Bmhnk*[*fJj 1692 fpH31 t?;ky (1635 JhH) wzrbtko B{z eoskog[o fibk ibzXo dh izr ftu ;ys iywh j'fJnk ;h.] ;w ehnk sT[ ;kbk ekwb ykB! [*wksk] e/ bkJh poSh s/oh ;Kr Mowb ej?.yKv{ ;/ fprVh Bopdk xkNh ykBd/;![*fJj d/; wfXnk gqd/; nkfd ;{p'A w/A fwb rfJnk j?] XV ekfJnk,S'ok Bjh dkBk,;'bkg[o e/ yKv{ ;Gh wo?.i; i'V e/;' GN GfBnk.;sok ;? guktB ;'bk g[o e/ wbjkB s/ok Bkw fsob'eh ;p T[uo?.70

;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp B{z r[fonkJh s/ ;fsr[oK dk i'sh i'fs ;wkT[Dk GN tjh sbT[vk d/ w[skfpe r[o{ ih B/ nkgDk nzsw ;wK BIdhe ikB e/ 1765 fpH 3 efse ;[dh d{i ;'wtko B{z pzdk f;zx d/ gzikp ikD s'A fJe fdB gfjb'A ;dht ekb bJh ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp B{z r[fonkJh d/e/ gzE B{z fJ; dh skfpnk eo fdsk.

12

;zpzfXs xNBktbh T[es fbys d/ ;ko ti' ;kv/ ;kjwD/ j/m fbyh ikDekoh gqkgs j[zdh j?.

1. ;zws 1730 fpH (1673 JhH) B{z ft;kyh tkb/ fdB r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dk ue BkBeh nkT[Dk s/ ;qh r'fpzd dk; ih dh ;qh ihs' ih Bkb wzrDh .

2. ;zws 1730 fpH 15 i/m (1673 JhH) B{z r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d[nkok Bro bkj"o dh ;EkgBk ns/ ;kfjpikdk r'fpzd dk; dk ftnkj.

3. ;zws 1732 fpH 11 ;ktD (1675 JhH) B{z r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih nkgD/ ;pd w[okd Pkj gk; wbeg[o ozxVK gqrBk o'gV ftu mfjo/.

4. ;zws 1732 fpH 12 ;ktD B{z r[o{ ih GkH fdnkb dk;, ;shdk;, wshdk; fszB f;yK ;w/s frqcsko j'J/.

5. ;zws 1732 fpH wxo ;[dh SN (12 Btzpo 1675 JhH) B{z byh Pkj B/ uKdBh u"Ae fdZbh s'A XV T[mk e/ nkgD/ xo o;he/ fgzv (oekp rzi) fbnk e/ ;z;eko ehsk.

6. ;zws 1732 fpH 13 Btzpo (1675 JhH) B{z ;t/o/ GkH BkB', GkH i?s/ ns/ GkH T[d/ B/ ;fsr[oK dk ;h; fdZbh s'A b? e/ wxo ;[dh 15 Btzpo B{z ehosg[o gj[zukfJnk.

7. ;zws 1732 fpH 16 Btzpo B{z r[o{ ih dk ;h; wky'tkb (;qh nBzdg[o) ftu dkr fdsk frnk. 8. ;zws 1733 fpH n;{ tdh d[nkd;h (1676 JhH) B{z pkpk Xhowb ih fdbh ;oeko d/ p[bkt/ s/ pekb/

s'A fdbh B{z rJ/. 9. ;zws 1734 fpH wzr;o (wxo) ;[dh d{i ;[eotko (1677) B{z fJe ;kb d' wjhB/ gzi fdB pkd pzdh

ykB/ ftu xBk d[y ;fjD eoB s'A pknd pkpk Xhowb ih gXko rJ/. 10. ;zws 1735 fpH i/m ;[dh gzuwh (1678 JhH) B{z ;qh d;w/; ih wksk ihs' ih dk w[ebktk b? e/ nkJ/. 11. ;zws 1735 fpH GkdT[ ;[dh J/ew p[Xtko (1678 JhH) d/ fdB pkpk Xhowb d/ tv/ g[so pkpk okw

okfJ ih fdbh fty/ gob'e f;Xko rJ/. 12. ;zws 1737 fpH30 i/m ;[dh 11 ;[eotko (28 wJh 1680 JhH) B{z byh Pkj oekp rzi fty/ fJ;

d[BhnK s'A ub tf;nk. 13. ;zws 1743 fpH29 wkx (1686 JhH) B{z ;kfjpikdk nihs f;zx dk iBw wksk ;[zdoh ih d/ T[do EhA

gkT[ANk ;kfjp ftu j'fJnk. 14. ;zws 1744 fpH Gkdo' ;[dh,1 n;{ (4 ;szpo 1687 JhH) B{z ;kfjp okwokfJ ih Bro (y[otXh)

d/jokd{B fty/ r[og[oh gXko rJ/. 15. ;zws 1745 fpH 24 Gkdo'A (24 nr;s 1688 JhH) B{z pkpk okwokfJ dh gfjbh po;h wBkJh. 16. ;zws 1745 fpH 18 n;{ ;[dh uT[E (18 ;szpo 1688 JhH)wzrbtko B{z GzrkDh dk izr j'fJnk,fi;

ftu uko f;yK (GkH T[dk,r[o{ ih dh G{nk d/ p/N/ ;zr' Pkj, ihs wb ns/ jmh jzd) B/ Pjhdh gkJh. 17. ;zws 1745 fpH (1688 JhH) wxo ;[dh J/ew B{z GkH wBh f;zx nkfd f;yK ;w/s r[o{ ih okDh uzgk

d/ ;d/ s/ fpbk;g[o rJ/ ns/ ;fsr[oK B{z skokg[o s/ nrwg[o/ dh iwhB G/AN ehsh. 18. ;zws 1747 fpH u/sq tdh d;thA ;fBuotko (1690 JhH) B{z nBzdg[o ;kfjp fty/ ;kfjpikdk i[Mko

f;zx ih dk iBw wksk ihs' ih dh T[do EhA nBzdg[o ;kfjp ftu j'fJnk. 19. ;zws 1747 fpH 22 u/so ;[eotko (20 wkou 1691 JhH) B{z okik Ghw uzd d/ ;d/ s/ r[o{ ;kfjp

Bd"D dh izr ftu Pkwb j'J/,fi; ftu ;'jB uzd s/ w{b uzd nkfd f;y Pjhd j'J/. 20. ;zws 1750 fpH u/so tdh J/ew (2 wkou 1693 JhH)B{z fusq, pfusq ns/ T[d/ f;zx d/ ftnkj ;w/A

d/; f;zx tb'A Bd"D s/ GzrkDh dh izr ftu ehsh pjkdoh ;zpzXh d'j/ rkJ/ rJ/.

13

21. ;zws1752 fpH t?;kyh d/ fdB (1695 JhH) B{z r[o{ ih B/ gzi ;h; G/N wzr/, s/ gzi fgnko/ u[D/ ns/ yzv/ dk nzfwqs fsnko eoe/ gziK B{z SekfJnk.

22. ;zws 1752 fpH 23 crD (20 cotoh 1696 JhH) B{z r[[o{ ih dh wdd Bkb r[b/o d/ w?dkB ftu oki f;zx ‘r'gkb’ f;zx dh izr j[;?B ykB Bkb j'Jh.

23. ;zws 1752 fpH 21 u/sq (wkou 1696) B{z GbkD d/ fJbke/ ftu i[Mko f;zx jKv/ s/ oki f;zx gzw/ Bkb izr j'Jh,fi; ftu Bo?D uzd s/ i[Mko f;zx wko/ rJ/.

24. ;zws 1753 fpH 13 ;ktD (13 i[bkJh 1696 JhH);'wtko B{z n"ozri/p dk fNek pkdPkj w[jzwd w[nIw (pjkdo Pkj) B{z brkfJnk s/ nkr:k gk e/ nkro/ s'A gzikp tb ufVnk.

25. ;zws 1753 fpHwxo ;[dh 3 (1696 JhH)B{z nBzdg[o ftu wksk ihs' ih d/ T[do EhA ;kfjp i'okto f;zx ih dk iBw j'fJnk.

26. ;zws 1754 wkx^crD (iBtoh^cotoh 1697 JhH) B{z pjkdo Pkj B/ uko njdhJ/ nBzdog[o s/ r[nKYh oitkfVnK T[s/ ukV G/i/.

27. ;zws 1757 fpH 29 GkdT[ (1700 JhH) thotko d/ fdB ;kfjp nihs f;zx dh ewkB j/m okik niw/o uzd Bkb skokrVQ dh izr j'Jh,fi; ftu JhPo f;zzx nkfd f;yK B/ PjhdhnK gkJhnK.

28. ;zws 1757 fpH 30 GkdT[ (1700 JhH) ;[eotko d/ fdB skokrVQ dh izr d/ d{i/ fdB GrtkB f;zx, itkjo f;zx ns/ Bzd f;zx nkfd Pjhd j'J//.

29. ;zws 1757 fpH 31 Gkdo' ;fBuotko(nr;s 1700 JhH)B{z nrwrVQ dh izr ftu pkx f;zx, xopkok f;zx,GkJh d{Bh uzd nkfd Pjhd j'J/.

30. ;zws 1757 fpH 1 n;{ (1 ;szpo 1700 JhH)B{z b'jrVQ dh izr ftu nkbw f;zx,;[yk f;zx,y[Pkb f;zx nkfd B/ PjhdhnK gkJhnK.

31. ;zws 1757 fpH efse goftPN/ 7(1700 JhH)wzrbtko B{z fBow'jrVQ dh izr j'Jh,fi; ftu GkH fjzws f;zx ns/ GkJh T[dk f;zx Pjhd j'J/.

32. ;zws 1757 fpH efse goftPN/ 13 B{z fBow'jrVQ dh shih izr ftu ihs f;zx,B/sk f;zx Pjhd j'J/,nrb/ fdB 14 goftPN/ fdB wzrbtko B{z e/;o f;zx ns/ w'eb f;zx Pjhd j'J/.

33. ;zws 1757 fpH 19 efse (1700 JhH) r[o{ ih fPeko y/vD rJ/ sK n?stko B{z ebw'N fgzv d/ r[ioK Bkb ykb;/ dh w[m G/V ftu ihtB f;zx Pjhd j'J/.

34. ;zws 1759 fpH 8 wkx (6 iBtoh 1703 JhH)p[Xtko B{z ;{oi rqfjD ;w/A r[o{ ih e[oeP/so ik fpoki/ ns/ tkg;h s/ 16 wkx (14 iBtoh) thotko B{z uwe"o Bro d/ gk; ;?d p/r s/ nbc yK B/ ;fsr[o{ B{z x/o e/ geVBk ukfjnk go Bkekw oj/.

35. ;zws1760 fpH u/sq tdh J/ew (1703 JhH) B{z ;kfjpikdk nihs f;zx B/ p;h gj[zu e/ pqkjwD fJ;sqh d/teh dk; pqkjwD d/ jtkb/ ehsh.

36. ;zws 1760 fpH wxo ;[dh gzuwh n?stko (1703 JhH) B{z niw/o uzd tb'A fJe jwb/ ftu j/w f;zx ns/ ekoB f;zx nkfd f;zxK B/ PjhdhnK gkJhnK.

37. ;zws 1761 fpH wkx ;[dh J/ew (1704 JhH) B{z ;fsr[oK d/ j[ew Bkb GkJh i/mk f;zx B/ nkgDh g[soh phph skok pkJh dh Pkdh ;kfjpikdk nihs f;zx ih Bkb eo fdsh .

38. ;zws 1761 fpH 20 2̂1 u/sq (1705 JhH) B{z okik niw/o uzd B/ nBzdg[o s/ fJe pj[s tvk jwbk ehsk fi; ftu GkHy/w f;zx s/ d't/A Gok pho f;zx,nwo f;zx p/N/ T{d/ ‘Pjhd’ d/ nkfd f;zxK B/ PjkdsK gkJhnK.

39. ;zws 1762 fpH i/m (1705 JhH) B{z r[o{ ih B{z okfinK s/ s[oe c"i B/ nBzdg[o d/ x/o/ ftu b? fbnk.

14

40. ;zws 1762 fpH g'j ;[dh d{i p[Xtko e/ fdB GkJh T[d/ f;zx p/Nk wBh f;zx dk 50 f;zxK Bkb niw/o uzd dh c"i Bkb bVd/ Pjhd j'J/.

41. ;zws 1762 fpHg'j ;[dh 8,9,10 (7,8,9 fd;zpo 1705 JhH)B{z GkJh r[bkp/ w;zd d/ uT[pko/ ftu ofj e/ 12Hg'j ;[dh (11 fd;zpo) fdB wzrbtko wkShtkV/ s'A ub e/ Bro d[okj/ dh ;oK ftu fJe oks oj/.

42. ;zws 1762 fpHgqftPN/ 30 (29 fd;zpo 1705 JhH) B{z d/;k f;zx GN nB[;ko w[es;o (fydokD/) dh izr j'Jh, fi; ftu 40 f;zx Pjhd j'J/.

43. ;zws 1763 fpH i/m ;[dh u"E (1706 JhH) B{z d/;k f;zx GN B/ GkJh wBh f;zx ih d/ g'so/ Gkr{ f;zx dh tXkJh d/ w"e/ d'j/ ftu T[d/ f;zx ns/ pfusq f;zx dh pjkdoh dk fieo ehsk.

44. ;zws 1764 fpH 19 efse ;[dh SN (20 nes{po 1707 JhH) ;'wtko B{z r[o{ ih d/ gkfbe ;kfjpikdk ;fsr[oK B{z nk fwfbnk.

45. ;zws 1765 fpH12 wkx (10 iBtoh 1708 JhH) ;fBuotko B{z r[o{ ih B/ nzp/o Broh gj[zu/,22 wkx (20 iBtoh) B{z niw/o ik gj[zu/,1 s'A 3 crD (29 wkou) se g[Peo shoEg[o ik ftoki e/ r'fpzd xkN tkbh Xosh T[go gj[zu rJ/,14 u/so 12 wkou B{z fco niw/o nk rJ/.

46. ;zws 1765 fpH 5 ft;ky (2 ngq?b 1708 JhH)P[eotko B{z r[o{ ih s/ pjkdoPkj fus"VrVQ (oki;EkB)ik ftoki/,nrb/ fdB 6 ft;ky (3 ng?qb) ;fBuotko B{z gkfbe ;fjpikdk i'okto f;zx nkfd 20 ;kEhnK ;w/s fus"FVrVQ fty/ Pjhdh gkJh,i' fe (7 fd;zpo 1705 JhH) B{z uwe"o dh izr ftu'A iywh u' e/ fizdk pu e/ fBeb frnk ;h.

47. ;zws 1765 fpH3 (1708 JhH) efse ;[dh d{i ;'wtko B{z ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp B{z r[fonkJh d/ e/ ;dht ekb bJh gzE dh skfpnk eo fdsk,d{i/ fdB efse ;[dh 4 B{z pkpk pzdk f;zzx gzikp otkBk j'J/.

;ko fJ; gqeko T[go'es ouBk s'A ;kB{z ;kv/ fJfsjk; ekb dhnK pj[s ;kohnK wjstg{oB skohyK dk gsk brdk j?.fit/A fe L

1. jEb/ gou/ w[skpe ;zws 1730 fpH 15 (1673 JhH) B{z ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d[nkok ;kfjp r'pzd dk; ih dk ftnkj wksk ihs' ih Bkb j'Dk df;nk j?. frnkBh roik f;zx dh fJfsjk;e y'i ftu ;zws sK fJj' j?,go Jh;th 1672 do;kJh rJh j?.71

2. GkJh oDXho f;zx ih B/ r[o{ ih dk wksk ihs' Bkb ftnkj ;zws 1743 fpH 24 jkV dk (22 i{B 1686) n?stko B{z j'fJnk do;kfJnk frnk j?.72

3. GkJh oDXho f;zx ih B/ ;kfjpikdk nihs f;zx ih d/ iBw dh skohy ;zws 1743 fpH 29 wkx dh EK 1742 fpH i/m 15 (13 wJh 1685) p[Xtko B{z j'Jh d;h j?.73

4. GkJh oDXho f;zx ih B/ ;kfjp i{Mko f;zx ih dk iBw wksk ihs' ih dh e[y'A ;zws 1753 fpH 29 wxo ;[dh 1 (29 Btzpo 1696 JhH) B{z j'fJnk.74 fJ;/ soQK ;kfjpikdk i[Mko f;zx d/ iBw dh skohy bJh jEb/ gou/ ftu ;zws 1747 fpH u/sq tdh d;whA ;fBuotko (1690 JhH) doi ehsh rJh j?.fJfsjk;e y'i ftu ;zws sK T[jh j? go Jh;th 1691 do;kJh j?.75

5. oDXho f;zx ih d[nkok ;kfjpikdk i'okto f;zx ih dk iBw ;zws 1753 fpH wxo ;[dh 3 (1696 JhH) dh EK ;zws 1747 u/sq 21 wf;nk(19 wkou 1691 JhH)thotko B{z wksk ihs' ih dh e[y'A j'fJnk df;nk j?.76

15

6. jEb/ gou/ ftu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d[nkok ykb;k gzE dh ;kiBk fdt; dk ;zws 1752 fpH ft;kyh tkb/ fdB (1695 JhH) df;nk frnk j?. r'fpzd ;kro ftu fgnkok f;zx gdw B/ nzfwqs ;zuko d/ d' ;zws fds/ jB fJe ;zws 1752 df;nk j? fe r[o{ ;kfjp B/ gfjbh tko yzv/ dh gkj[b fsnko eoe/ f;yK B{z SekJh. d{ik ;zws 1756 fpH ft;kyh B{z ;h;^G/AN dk e"se tv/ g?wkB/ s/ j'fJnk s/ nzfwqs ;zuko j'fJnk fbfynk j?.77 fJfsjk;e y'i ftu th ;zws 1752 fpH ft;kyh (1695 JhH) jh do;kfJnk frnk j?.78 go ;jh s/ gqwkfDs skohy 1699 JhH dh ft;kyh dh jh j?.

7. fJfsjk;e y'i nB[;ko ;kfjp i'okto f;zx (gkfbe) dk r[o{ ih B{z fwbDk,nkro/ ftu ;zws 1764 fpH 19 ese ;'wtko (1707 JhH) B{z do;kfJnk j?.79

GkJh oDXho f;zx ih d[nkok r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ gkfbe ;kfjp i'okto f;zx ih dk r[o{ ;kfjp B{z nkro/ fwbD dk fposKs ;zws 1764 efse 19 (20 nes{po) ;'wtko B{z do;kfJnk frnk j?.80 fgnkok f;zx gdw fJ; fposKs B{z ;zws 1764 fpH 22^23 ;ktD dk j'fJnk do;kT[Ad/ jB.81 jEb/ gou/ ftu th gkfbe ;kfjp i'okto f;zx dk r[o{ ih B{z fwbDk ;zws 1764 fpH 19 efse ;[dh SN (20 nes{po 1707 JhH) dk jh do;kfJnk j?. n?wHfcbH y'ikoEh, Xow nfXn?B ftGkr,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk,w'pkfJb 9915148555HID -jatinderpal407@gmail.com. 1 fJ; ekoi bJh w? GkJh ekBQ f;zx BkGk bkfJpo/oh dh w[yh w?vw dk sfj fdb'A XzBtkdh jK fizBQK B/ w?B{z fJ; d;skt/i dk T[skok eoB dh nkfrnk fdsh ns/ Bkb jh nkgD/ fBrokB dh, fiBQK B/ fJ; ezw ftu w/oh P[o{ s'A nzs se jo ;zGt wdd ehsh. 2 ;kyh 2,gzBk 40H

3 gzBk 27H

4 GN tjh sbT[vk,gqrBk ihAd.

5 ofjsBkwk,feqs uT[gk f;zx,fbysh pz;ktbhBkwK uoB d;tK s/ i;k f;zx, fpB'd,gzBk 27H

6 r[o{ ehnK ;kyhnK,;kyh 42H

7 GN tjh g{oph dyDh,ckJhb BzH 7,gzikp fj;Nkoheb ;NvhI ftGkr,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk.(fJ; T[es fbys dk GN tjh ftu'A fbnk c'N' wfjew/ d/ gk; j?.) 8 gzvk tjh,GrhoE dk; egb d/t,jfod[nko,gzikp fj;Nkoheb ;NvhI,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk, ckJhb BzH2 s/ 6H

9 GN tjh sbT[vk s/ w[bskBh f;zXh .

10 GN tjh ikdt pz;hUA eh,yksk pVshJ/ eBkts'A ek.

11 r[ofpbk; gkHS/thA,nfXHnmtK,Szd 208,feqs ;'jB eh,ofuB ekb 1775 fpH (1718 JhH)H(;zgkde tb'A B'NL fJj g[;se ;'jB dh

feqs BjhA,GkH Grs f;zx dh j?) 12

f;y fJfsjk; fjzdh,b/H mkeo d/; oki,gzBk 73H 13

GN tjh ikdt pz;hUA eh. 14

pz;ktbhBkwk uoB BktK. 15

GN tjh w[bskBh f;zXh,fJ; ek w[ewb e[o;hBkwk s/ ykBdkBh jkbks,ckJhb BzH 1 s/ 6 (gzikp fj;Nkoheb ;NvhI,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk, ckJhb BzH3,gzBk 75H) 16

ufbsqa i'sh i'fs ;wktD/ ek,nkfd phV p[zrk okrhnK,sys ;qh npub ji{o ;kfjp ‘Bd/V’. 17

GN tjh w[bskBh f;zXh,gzikp fj;Nkoheb ;NvhI,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk,ckJhb BzH 3,gzBk 75H 18

r[o{ Xhowb r[ogqDkbh (fbysh),b/HdT[bs okfJ GN s/ ufbsq i'sh i'fs ;wktD/ ek nkfd phV p[zrk okrhnK sys npub Bro. 19

GN tjh w[bskBh f;zXh,gzikp fj;Nkoheb ;NvhI,gziph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk,ckJhb BzH 3,gzBk 75H 20

r[o{ ehnK ;kyhnK,;kyh 57,gzBk 29H 21

GN tjh pBG"oh ,gorDk ihAd s/ pz;ktbhBkwk,uoB d;tK,ckJhb BzH6,gzBk 29H 22 ufbsq i'sh i'fs ;wktD/ ek nkfd phV d/jokd{B,r[o{ ih e/ w[zj/ ehnK ;kyhnK,r[Hwzih ;kfjp ehosg[o,r[ogqDkbh eft r[bkp f;zx feqs,ckJhb BzH6,gzBk 29H 23

GN tjh w[bskBh f;zXh. 24

GN tjh sbT[vk ,gqrBk ihAd,gzH fjH ;Nvh,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk,ckJhb BzH 6,gzBk 34H 25

r[o{ ehnK ;kyhnK,feqs ;o{g f;zx,;kyh 67H 26

r[o{ ehnK ;kyhnk,;kyh 67 s/ GN tjh sbT[vk. 27

GN tjh sbT[vk,ckJhb BzH6,gzBk 36H 28

Pjhd fpbk;,gzB/ 54,105H 29

GN tjh w[bskBh f;zXh,ckJhb BzH6,gzBk 36H 30

Pjhd fpbk;,gzBk 54H 31

GN tjh w[bskBh f;zXh s/ Pjhd fpbk;,;/tk f;zx feqs,gzzBk 26H

16

32 GN tjh w[bskBh f;zXh tk sbT[vk gqrBk ihAd,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk,ckJhb BzH3,gzBk 77H 33

GN tjh Gkd;'A,gqrBk EB/;o. 34

pfusq BkNe,gkH10 thA,nfXH s/otK. 35

GN tjh Gkd;'A. 36

pfusq BkNe,gkH10 thA,nfXHs/otK. 37

GN tjh fpibT[s s{o'A eh,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk,ckJhb BzH 4 s/ 6,gzB/ 77,39H 38

;qh r[o gqskg ;{oi rqzE,o[s u"Eh,nz;{ 16H 39

GN tjh ikd' pz;hnK eh,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk,ckJhb BzH3,gzBk 77H 40

G/V/ dh tko feqs ;zw okw fSpo. 41

GN tjh sbT[vk,gqrBk ihAd,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk,ckJhb BzH3,gzBk 78H 42

e[o;hBkwk,ckJhb BzH 7,gzBk 19H 43

GN tjh sbT[vk,gqrBK ihAd,ckJhb BzH 3,gzBk 78H 44 wjkB e'P, ekBQ f;zx BkGk,gzBk 107H 45

GN tjh w[bskBh f;zXh. 46

GN tjh w[bskBh f;zXh,ckJhb BzH 3,gsok 79,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh gfNnkbk. 47

GN tjh sbT[vk gqrBk ihAd,ckJhb BzH3,gsok 79,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh. 48

GN tjh w'joK tkbh,ckJhb BzH 3,gsok 79,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh. 49

GN tjh w[bskBh f;zXh,ckJhb BzH3,gsok 80,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk. 50

GN tjh sbT[vk,gqrBk ihAd,ckJhb BzH 3,gsok 80,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk. 51

r[o{ ehnK ;kyhnK,feqs ;o{g f;zx,;kyh 108H 52

GN tjh eof;zX{,gqrBk ;chd'A. 53

GN tjh ikd' pz;hnK s/ w'joK tkbh,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk,ckJhb BzH 6,gzBk 42H 54

GN tjh g{oph dyDh,ckJhb BzH 7H 55

GN tjh w[bskBh f;zXh. 56

GN tjh eof;zX{ s/ sbT[vk. 57

;qh r[o gqskg ;{oi rqzE,o[s shih,nz;{ 20 s/ Pjhd fpbk;,;/tk f;zx feqs,;ck 105H 58

GN tjh Gkd;'A gqrBk EB/;o. 59

;qh r[o gqskg ;{oi rqzE,o[s shih,nz;{ 20H 60

GN tjh sbT[vk,gqrBk ihAd,ckJhb BzH 3,gsok 71,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk. 61

sIfeok s[b ;bkshB u[rsk. 62

(T)eft ;?Bkgfs,;qh r[o ;'Gk,nfXH;skotK,Szd 7^19H (n)w"bth npd[b o;{b,skohy w[niw Pkj cko;h,fbysh gzB/ 6^9H (J)gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk,ckJhb BzH 3,6 s/ 7H 63

GN tjh g{oph dyDhA. 64

GN tjh w[bskBh f;zXh. 65

sI fBij s[b ;bkshB u[rsk. 66

w"bth npd[b o;{b,skohy w[niw Pkj cko;h,gzB/ 6^9H 67 GN tjh g{oph dyDh. 68

GN tjh p{vkDk,gqrBk w[icoBro :{HghH. 69

GN tjh sbT[vk,gqrBK ihAd. 70

GN tjh sbT[vk,gqrBk ihAd,gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh,gfNnkbk,ckJhb BzH 3,gzB/ 82,83H 71

frnkBh roik f;zx dh fJfsjk;e y'i,(;zgkH) r[ow[y f;zx,f;zx podoI,nzfwqs;o,2010,gzBk 99H 72

f;y fJfsjk; d/ gqsy doPB, (;zgkH) oDXho f;zx,P'qH r[H gqH eH,nzfwqs;o,1957,gzBk 99H 73

T[jh . 74

T[jh,gzBk 92H 75

frnkBh roik f;zx dh fJfsjk;e y'i,(;zgkH) r[ow[y f;zx,f;zx podoI,nzfwqs;o,2010,gzBk 106H 76

f;y fJfsjk; d/ gqsy doPB,(;zgkH) oDXho f;zx,P'qH r[H gqH eH,nzfwqs;o,1957,gzBk 88H 77

r'fpzd ;kro,fgnkok f;zx gdw,ebw wzfdo,b'fJo wkb,gfNnkbk,1967,gzBk 30^1H 78

frnkBh roik f;zx dh fJfsjk;e y'i,(;zgkH) r[ow[y f;zx,f;zx podoI,nzfwqs;o,2010,gzBk 107H 79

T[jh,gzBk 119H 80 f;y fJfsjk; d/ gqsy doPB, (;zgkH) oDXho f;zx,P'qH r[H gqH eH,nzfwqs;o,1957,gzBk 103H 81

r'fpzd ;kro,fgnkok f;zx gdw,ebw wzdo,b'fJo wkb,gfNnkbk,1967,gzBk 35H