Bimbingan Ultrasonography Tory

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    MODUL ULTRASONOGRAFI

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    ULTR

    ASON

    OGR

    AFI

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    Tujuan Umum

    Mengetahui prinsip dasar alat USG

    Gambaran USG dari keadaan

    patlgis ! "lesistitis akut

    "lelithiasis

    Ne#rlithiasis

    $esiklithiasis

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    Tujuan "husus

    Gambaran USG dari klesistitis akut%klelithiasis% ne#rlithiasis% dan&esiklithiasis'

    (at)silgi terjadin*a gambaranUSG pada kelainan tersebut

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    Intrdu+tin

    Suara ultra adalah suatu bentukenergi berupa gelmbang suara

    Frekuensi tinggi melebihi ,-'---.ert/'

    Suara ini berada di luar kemampuanpendengaran manusia'

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    0hara+teristi+ # US 1a&e

    Sl1l* transmitted in air substan+e

    Fastl* transmitted in slid substan+e

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    Nt use#ul t e2amine

    3ne

    Air +ntaining rgan

    Organ l+ated behind the bne andair4gass

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    3asi+ (h*si+

    Fre5uen+* ! Number # +*+le 4 se+

    $el+it* ! transmissin speed Re&erse prprtin ! Fre5 ! Length #

    1a&e 67

    Diagnsti+ ! 898- M./ ,%: ; 8-M./

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    3asi+ (rin+iple # US

    3ased n (ie/ ele+tri+ =>e+t

    =le+tri+al energ* Sund 4 Me+hani+al=nerg* 6&i+e &ersa7

    0r*stal ?uart/ is l+ated in transdu+er

    =le+tri+ 4 Shrt &ltage pulse $ibrating # the+r*stal 0reating a pulse sund rgan 0r*stal =le+tri+ energ* ImageIn#rmatin

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    Instrument +nsist #

    Transmitter @ re+ei&er

    =+h pr+essr 0athde ra* tube Mnitr

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    (rinsip Dasar Alat USG

    Alat peman+ar dan penerima gema'

    Alat pen*impan dan penglah gema

    Alat peraga gambar

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    Trandu+er4(rbe

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    (rbes

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    "e*pad 0ntrl

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    Mnitr

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    Attenuatin

    Attenuatin # US transmissin 1ithinrgan due t !

    8' ReBe+tin

    ,' Absrptin

    C' S+attering ! the si/e # the

    reBe+tr in rgan 1hi+h is rea+hedthe US is shrter than the1a&elength # US

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    Attenuatin

    The attenuatin in+rease 1ith the in+reasing ##re5uen+*

    TG0 ! +ntrlling # attenuatin

    =+h # the li&er ! Is used as standard e+h

    ise+hi+

    .*pe+hi+ ! +rte2 # the kidne*

    .*per e+hi+ ! pan+reas% bne

    Ane+hi+h 4 sn lu+ent 4 e+h #ree ! gallbladder% urinar* bladder% rgan +ntains #1ater

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    0upling

    0upling ! Intermediate substan+e

    8' T eliminate the air bet1eentransdu+er and skin

    ,' T +n#rm the irregularit* # theskin sur#a+e

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    0upling

    It has transmissin &el+it* # US issimilar t s#t tissue 68:- m4 se+7

    0upling

    Oil

    Eell*

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    T*pe # transdu+er

    L1 #re5uen+*

    6,%: ;C%: M./7

    (enetratin is higher Reslutin is mderate

    Deep rgan

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    T*pe # transdu+er

    .igh #re5uen+*

    %: ; 8- M./

    (enetratin is l1 Reslutin is gd

    Sur#a+e rgan

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    Arti#a+t

    Arti#a+t ! Is an* e+h signal 1hsedispla*ed psitin des nt+rrespnd t the psitin # a

    reBe+tr in the bd*

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    Arti#a+t

    T*pe # arti#a+t

    8' (sterir a+usti+ shad1

    ,' (sterir enhan+ementC' Re&erberatin

    Sund pulse reBe+ting ba+k and

    #rth bet1een highl* reBe+ti&esur#a+e is displa*ed as anparallel # e+h

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    0lini+al appli+atin

    8' Fasting 9H hurs

    ,' Fasting # smking 4 talking

    C' Drink large amunt # 1ater

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    US Ad&antages

    8' Nn in&asi&e

    ,' Nn traumati+

    C' N spe+ial preparatin' =asier and #aster

    :' .igh a++ura+* @ high diagnsti+

    &alue

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    US disad&antages

    Unable t e2amine air )lled rgan

    Unable t e2amine bne 4 rganbehind it

    2amp e a nrma t es

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    2amp e a nrma t es1hi+h +an be e2amined b*

    US

    8' 0*st

    ,' Abs+ess

    C' Tumr' Stnes

    :' .epati+ +irrhsis

    ' As+ites

    ' (leural e>usin

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    Longitudinal section of normal

    Right lobe of lier

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    Longitudinal section

    through midline of left

    lobe

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    Normal !ancreas

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    "idne#

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    "lesistitis Akut

    (eradangan *ang terjadi padakantung empedu

    =TIOLOGI

    9 3atu

    9 3akteri

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    (at)slgi

    687 peradangan mekanis

    6,7 peradangan kimia1i

    6C7 peradangan bakteri

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    Gambaran USG

    (embesaran kantung empedudengan dinding *ang menebalmen+apai H98- mm%

    Gambaran berlapis dua terdiri dari ,lapis hiperekhik *ang dibatasi lehdaerah *ang bebas ekh

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    Acute $holec#stitis

    Gallbladder ultrasound demonstrating a diffusel# thic%ened

    gallbladder &all' a small amount of (ericholec#stic fluid' and an

    im(acted gallstone in the nec% of the gallbladder

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    "lelithiasis

    (=NG=RTIAN

    3atu *ang terdapat pada kantungempedu

    =TIOLOGI

    "egemukan% diet tinggi kalri% bat

    6kl)brat7

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    (at)slgi

    Mekanisme penting dalampembentukan empedu litgenikklesterl6pembentuk batu7

    (eningkatan sekresi empedu% Gangguan kn&ersi klesterl menjadi

    asam empedu%

    (enurunan sekresi garam9garam empedu

    dan #s#lipid leh hati' "ejenuhan klesterl dalam empedu

    sehingga menimbulkan endapan'

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    Gambaran USG

    "antung empedu dapat terisi penuhdengan batu 6sliter% multipel7'

    3atu pada kantung empedu akanterlihat sebagai massa *anghiperekhik sebagai tanda langsungdan timbuln*a ba*angan akustik

    diba1ahn*a sebagai tanda tidaklangsung'

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    Gallbladder

    Stone

    Acoustic

    shado&ing

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    Ne#rlithiasis

    (=NG=RTIAN

    3atu *ang terdapat pada pel&kalisesginjal

    =TIOLOGIUrlithiasis dapat disebabkan lehbeberapa keadaan diantaran*a Sindrma tubular renal

    Gangguan en/imatik

    "eadaan hiperkalsemia

    Asam urat

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    Gambaran USG

    Tunggal atau multiple'

    Terlihat sebagai suatu massahiperekhik di daerah sinus ginjal 6pada

    kaliks atau pielum ginjal7' 3atu *ang +ukup besar J :mm

    umumn*a disertai dengan ba*anganakustik di psterirn*a'

    3atu Kstaghrn dapat terlihatmen*erupai kelmpkan batu9batumultiple'

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    Staghorn calculus

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    N=(.ROLIT.IASIS 9ULTRASOUND

    Stne Stnes Stne

    A+usti+ shad1

    A+usti+ shad1

    Nn bstru+ting stne Multiple l1er ple and renal pel&i+stnes 1ith ass+iated mild

    h*drnephrsis'

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    $esiklithiasis

    (=NG=RTIAN

    3atu *ang terdapat pada kantungkemih

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    Gambaran USG

    3atu akan terlihat sebagai suatumassa hiperekhik padat % bentukbulat atau lnjng *ang bila +ukup

    besar umumn*a disertai denganba*angan akustik di psterirn*a'

    3atu dalam lumen dapat berpindah9

    pindah bila penderita berubah psisi1aktu pemeriksaan'

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    Acute he(atitis

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    $hronic he(atitis and cirrhosis

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    Abscess

    !osterior

    enhancement

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    $hronic (ancreatitis

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    Tumor of head (ancreas

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